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RomanticismRomanticism
American RomanticismAmerican Romanticism
1800-18601800-1860
What 3 Elements of the Industrial What 3 Elements of the Industrial Revolution influenced the Romantic Revolution influenced the Romantic
Period?Period?
coursesite.uhcl.edu coursesite.uhcl.edu
Industrial Revolution: Progress Industrial Revolution: Progress with a Pricewith a Price
Mid-1700s. Mid-1700s. Factories and Factories and
industry replace industry replace agriculture as chief agriculture as chief means of support for means of support for lower classes.lower classes.
Americans see Americans see themselves as themselves as moving forward and moving forward and growing as a growing as a country.country.
1: Better transportation leads to 1: Better transportation leads to better exchange of ideasbetter exchange of ideas
The steamboat and The steamboat and the railroad the railroad become common. become common.
Greater Greater infrastructure infrastructure brings together brings together different parts of different parts of the country. the country.
2: More options for women2: More options for women
Typical jobs for women had been to Typical jobs for women had been to sew,“take in” laundry, work as dairy sew,“take in” laundry, work as dairy maid, or act as housekeeper or maid. maid, or act as housekeeper or maid. All of these require a stable All of these require a stable household.household.
New jobs for women were factory New jobs for women were factory work. Women could live at the work. Women could live at the factory and make their own money. factory and make their own money.
3: Poor working conditions for most3: Poor working conditions for most Lowell’s Factories Lowell’s Factories
working conditions:working conditions: A. Women worked A. Women worked
at least 12 hours a at least 12 hours a day. day.
B. Women required B. Women required to go to church; no to go to church; no male visitors male visitors allowed at allowed at factory/dormitory. factory/dormitory.
**Poor Working Conditions**Poor Working Conditions
C. Boarding house C. Boarding house rooms held up to 6 rooms held up to 6 girlsgirls
D. Average D. Average age=24; some as age=24; some as young=10 years young=10 years old. old.
http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/americanstudies/lavender/graphics/ttable.jpg
**The Mills and Factories**The Mills and Factories
http://www.laugalaekjarskoli.is/verk/NaAm2/Lowell.html
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire victims 1911
American RomanticismAmerican Romanticism
Affected by Industrial Affected by Industrial Revolution, but based Revolution, but based largely on optimismlargely on optimism
Optimism: Half empty or half full?Optimism: Half empty or half full?
Optimism—US citizens felt Optimism—US citizens felt optimistic for many reasons:optimistic for many reasons:
The little colonies beat the big British The little colonies beat the big British Empire.Empire.
Everyone can succeed. Andrew Everyone can succeed. Andrew Jackson—not an upper-class guy—Jackson—not an upper-class guy—becomes president in 1828.becomes president in 1828.
Reform movements are common.Reform movements are common.
Optimism led to the Age of Optimism led to the Age of Reform (during Romantic Reform (during Romantic
Period)Period) Prisons and Mental Prisons and Mental
InstitutionsInstitutions
Prison Reform1850s
Treatment of Mentally Ill 1840s
Age of ReformAge of Reform
Women’s Suffrage
Abolitionist movement
Idealism and Idealism and TranscendentalismTranscendentalism
Idealism—philosophy based on idea that Idealism—philosophy based on idea that evidence of the divine is not found in the evidence of the divine is not found in the outer world as much as the inner world of outer world as much as the inner world of the individual.the individual. This philosophy originated This philosophy originated in Germany.in Germany.
Transcend—to move above or beyond.Transcend—to move above or beyond. Transcendentalism—philosophy based on Transcendentalism—philosophy based on
the idea that one moves beyond the the idea that one moves beyond the physical to the spiritual through physical to the spiritual through awareness. Intuition, introspection, and awareness. Intuition, introspection, and self-trust.self-trust. Many American Romantic Many American Romantic writers were also Transcendentalists.writers were also Transcendentalists.
Romanticism Romanticism
1800-1860.1800-1860. Not a Valentine’s Day idea. Not a Valentine’s Day idea. Romantic writers did share two key beliefs:Romantic writers did share two key beliefs: 1. Emotion was valued over intellect.1. Emotion was valued over intellect. 2. Basic goodness and equality were a part 2. Basic goodness and equality were a part
of everyone. of everyone.
The “Big” Romantic IdeasThe “Big” Romantic Ideas
Optimism and Individualism (not Optimism and Individualism (not conformity)conformity)
Kinship with NatureKinship with Nature The Power of Darkness (fascination The Power of Darkness (fascination
with disease, madness, death, evil, with disease, madness, death, evil, the supernatural, and the destructive the supernatural, and the destructive qualities of nature)qualities of nature)
Important Romantic Writers:Important Romantic Writers:
Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson
Margaret FullerMargaret Fuller
Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau Walt Walt WhitmanWhitman
““Dark” Romantic WritersDark” Romantic Writers
Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe Washington IrvingWashington Irving Nathaniel Nathaniel
HawthorneHawthorne
Tensions would lead to Civil Tensions would lead to Civil War—End of the Romantic EraWar—End of the Romantic Era