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RomanticisRomanticis

mm1800-1860ish1800-1860ish

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We will walk on our ownWe will walk on our own

feet;feet;

we will work with our ownwe will work with our ownhands;hands;

we will speak our ownwe will speak our own

minds.minds.

-Ralph Waldo Emerson-Ralph Waldo Emerson

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Inside/outside exerciseInside/outside exercise

• Based on the experience of theBased on the experience of the

indoor outdoor exercise, how wouldindoor outdoor exercise, how would

you define romanticism? Write thatyou define romanticism? Write thatdefinition in your notes.definition in your notes.

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Political and SocialPolitical and Social

Milestones 1800-1860Milestones 1800-1860• Lousiana Purchase 1803Lousiana Purchase 1803

• Gold Rush 1849 (‘49 ers)Gold Rush 1849 (‘49 ers)

• Education and reformEducation and reform

 – Better schools, information, institutions,Better schools, information, institutions,

and communitiesand communities

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Literature: The JourneyLiterature: The Journey

• Romantics were born in the cities andRomantics were born in the cities and

centers of learning and understanding –centers of learning and understanding –

culture and growth where they feltculture and growth where they feltindustrialism had gone too far. See textindustrialism had gone too far. See text

book p. 140book p. 140

• They sought to journey beyond that to a They sought to journey beyond that to a

place of self awarenessplace of self awareness• The journey was a flight The journey was a flight fromfrom somethingsomething toto 

something.something.

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Characteristics of Characteristics of 

RomanticismRomanticism• Values feeling and intuition over reasonValues feeling and intuition over reason

• Faith in inner experience and the power of theFaith in inner experience and the power of the

imaginationimagination

• Shuns civilization and seeks unspoiled natureShuns civilization and seeks unspoiled nature

• Prefers youthful innocence to educatedPrefers youthful innocence to educatedsophisticationsophistication

• Champions individual freedom and the worth of theChampions individual freedom and the worth of the

individualindividual

• Reflects on nature’s beauty as a path to spiritualReflects on nature’s beauty as a path to spiritualand moral developmentand moral development

• Looks backward to the wisdom of the past andLooks backward to the wisdom of the past and

distrusts progressdistrusts progress

• Finds beauty and truth in exotic places, and theFinds beauty and truth in exotic places, and the

supernatural realm.supernatural realm.

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Word Association: what wordsWord Association: what words

do you associate withdo you associate with

Romanticism?Romanticism?• ReasonReason

• NatureNature• ScienceScience

• RealismRealism

• ImaginationImagination

• CivilizationCivilization

• SocietySociety

• PoetryPoetry

• IndividualismIndividualism

• Self-RelianceSelf-Reliance

• IdealismIdealism

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Romanticism vs RationalismRomanticism vs Rationalism

Romanticism was a reaction against theRomanticism was a reaction against the

earlier rationalism.earlier rationalism.The movement began in Germany in the second half of the 18th 

century. Influenced music and painting in Europe and England well

into the 19th century.

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 American Romantic Poetry: American Romantic Poetry:

The Fireside PoetsThe Fireside Poets• Henry Wadsworth LongfellowHenry Wadsworth Longfellow

• John Greenleaf WhittierJohn Greenleaf Whittier

• Oliver Wendell HolmesOliver Wendell Holmes• James Russel LowellJames Russel Lowell

• They were called the fireside poetsThey were called the fireside poets

because people read their poems aloud atbecause people read their poems aloud atthe fire as family entertainment.the fire as family entertainment.

• Also called the Schoolroom poets. Also called the Schoolroom poets.

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Longfellow’s wife…Longfellow’s wife…

• One day, at her Father's home, Franny and her daughter wereOne day, at her Father's home, Franny and her daughter weresealing envelops using a candle and hot wax. The candle fell fromsealing envelops using a candle and hot wax. The candle fell fromthe table, igniting Franny's summer dress. Longfellow heard thethe table, igniting Franny's summer dress. Longfellow heard thedesperate cries from the room and rushed in to see his wife on fire.desperate cries from the room and rushed in to see his wife on fire.He ran to her, covering her head with his arms so her face wouldHe ran to her, covering her head with his arms so her face wouldnot get burned. He struggled to get the fire out as he too was nownot get burned. He struggled to get the fire out as he too was nowon fire.on fire.

• That night doctor's cared for Franny's severe burns, but she died of That night doctor's cared for Franny's severe burns, but she died of shock later that evening. Longfellow was also cared for and wentshock later that evening. Longfellow was also cared for and wentinto shock as well, but he did not die. Franny was buried a few daysinto shock as well, but he did not die. Franny was buried a few dayslater on the Longfellow's anniversary. Longfellow himself could notlater on the Longfellow's anniversary. Longfellow himself could not

attend the funeral because he was confined to bed with the burnsattend the funeral because he was confined to bed with the burnshe had suffered. Franny's father died the day after her own death.he had suffered. Franny's father died the day after her own death. 

• The Cross of Snow p. 174The Cross of Snow p. 174

• The Tide Rise the Tide Falls p. 172The Tide Rise the Tide Falls p. 172

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Romanticism in poetryRomanticism in poetry

• With your neighbor, talk about how one of With your neighbor, talk about how one of 

these poems is “romantic.” Write athese poems is “romantic.” Write a

paragraph that explains the romanticparagraph that explains the romanticnature of one of these two poems.nature of one of these two poems.

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TranscendentalistsTranscendentalists

• To determine the ultimate reality of God,To determine the ultimate reality of God,

the universe, one self, and otherthe universe, one self, and other

important matters, one mustimportant matters, one must transcend transcend , or, orgo beyond, everyday human experience ingo beyond, everyday human experience in

the physical world.the physical world.

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DeathDeath

• Worried?Worried?

• William Cullen BryantWilliam Cullen Bryant

• Remember “inversion”?Remember “inversion”?•  “ “ Yet a few days, and thee the all-beholding sun Yet a few days, and thee the all-beholding sun

shall see no more” shall see no more” 

• PersonificationPersonification• MetaphorMetaphor

• Thanatopsis p.167 (Thanatopsis p.167 (thanos thanos and oand opsis psis  ))

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Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson

• Leading figure in American RomanticLeading figure in American Romantic

movementmovement

• Essayist, poet, orator, criticEssayist, poet, orator, critic• Philosophy based on: optimism,Philosophy based on: optimism,

individualism, and self-relianceindividualism, and self-reliance

• Transcendentalism was, “the very Transcendentalism was, “the veryoldest of thoughts cast into the moldoldest of thoughts cast into the mold

of these new times”of these new times”

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Emerson QuotesEmerson Quotes

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Emerson cont…Emerson cont…

• OptimisticOptimistic

• God is good. God works throughGod is good. God works through

nature.nature.• Natural events that seem tragicNatural events that seem tragic

(death disease, disaster) can be(death disease, disaster) can be

explained on a spiritual level.explained on a spiritual level.• Opposed to Benjamin FranklinOpposed to Benjamin Franklin

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 The Dark Romantics The Dark Romantics

• Nathanial Hawthorne, TheNathanial Hawthorne, The Scarlett LetterScarlett Letter

• Herman Melville,Herman Melville, Moby DickMoby Dick

• Edgar Allen Poe, poetry and short storiesEdgar Allen Poe, poetry and short stories

• Washington IrvingWashington Irving

• Anti-transcendentalists?Anti-transcendentalists? What about innateWhat about innatewickedness? Original sin? Predestination.wickedness? Original sin? Predestination.Melancholy. Conflict between good and evil.Melancholy. Conflict between good and evil.