Rome wins its freedom (c.500 B.C.E.), but faces enemies on three sides:

Latin tribes to the South rebel vs. Rome

Hill tribes attack attack from East

Rome able to expand vs. its enemies (FC.28)

Etruscans decline after

Grks beat them

Rome allies with one tribe vs.

others

Romans beat Latins & form the Latin league, treating them more as allies than subjects

Latins are more loyal & reliable allies

Rome defeats the hill tribes

Rome stays free from Etruscans

Etruscans still a threat in the N.

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Next big enemy?

Seen as gigantic barbarians (possibly from a higher protein diet), charging wildly, and oftentimes naked, into battle with blood-curdling cries, the Gauls inspired terror in their civilized foes.

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

Impact on the Roman Army?

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to do what?PATTERN OF

ROMAN EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Gauls-Man wanted to avenge wife’s rape Lures Gauls to It. w/wine-More likely entered Italy as Dion. of Syracuse’ merc's- Negot's for Clusium Roman kills Gaul in duel-Gauls sack Rome & besiege Capitoline Hill for 7 months - “Woe to the vanquished”

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

How did Rome keep control of its conquests?

Two ways Rome kept control of its conquests?

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

What did Rome do to move

armies more quickly?

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

The Roman way of war: roads and colonies. The Romans approached war strategically in ways that went far beyond the battlefield. This especially involved roads and colonies. While the Greeks saw colonies as ways of getting rid of excess population and gaining access to remote resources, the Romans used them for increasing the number of citizens available for the army and securing their hold on conquered lands. This was especially true during the Second Samnite War (326-304 BCE). Here we see the Romans have founded colonies to secure their hold on lands bordering the Samnites and serve as staging areas for future campaigns. They have also placed three colonies inside Samnite territory to control strategic roads and passes and provide early warnings of impending Samnite attacks.

Several years later, Rome has secured tentative control over the brown area by founding two more colonies there. It has also further encroached on the remaining Samnite territory with two more colonies to serve as advanced outposts for future campaigns.

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Environmental changes-No primogeniture Split lands Avg. Roman farm 1.5-5 acres Soil exhaustion Graze sheep & goats on hills Deforest. Hotter & drier clim. Harvest moved fr. Aug June

Latin revolt (343-340 BCE) Latin league broken up - Colonies in Campania: Cales, Acerrae, Fregellae, Privernum

2nd Samnite War (326-304 BCE)

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Pyrrhus of Epirus was a distant cousin of Alexander the Great. His ambition was to conquer an empire in the West to rival that of the Macedonian king. He got his opportunity when Tarentum offered to buy his services in their war against Rome.

Although the Romans lost their first battles against Pyrrhus, they fought bravely and inflicted enough casualties to make his victories basically meaningless. Even today, we refer to a victory won at great cost as “pyrrhic”.

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Romans rule Italy through:Colonies guard vs. revolt & reward loyalty w/citizenship

Rewarding subjects with various grades of citizenship as they show loyalty to Rome

Roads that promote trade & prosperity during peace

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

2nd Samnite War (326-304 BCE) - Roman phalanx trapped in mtn. pass @ Caudine Forks Copy Samnite tactics-Armed w/pilum (javelin), sword, armor, helmet, & oblong shield Cross b/w hoplite & peltast More flexible formations Can move fresh troops to front & adjust quickly to changes Vict's even for mediocre gen'ls-Romans win 2nd Samnite War 3rd Sam. War (295-290 BCE)

Pyrrhus of Epirus- War w/Tarentum Hire Pyrrhus of Epirus to fight vs. Romans- Ritual of declaring war - Elephants incl. dwarf elephants-Pyrrhic victory: victory not worth the cost

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Romans rule Italy through:Colonies guard vs. revolt & reward loyalty w/citizenship

Rewarding subjects with various grades of citizenship as they show loyalty to Rome

Roads that promote trade & prosperity during peace

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

Pyrrhus of Epirus- War w/Tarentum Hire Pyrrhus of Epirus to fight vs. Romans- Ritual of declaring war - Elephants incl. dwarf elephants-Pyrrhic victory: victory not worth the cost

Roman rule in ItalyLate300s-early 100s- Rome est. 53 colonies in Italy in areas open to attack, newly conq. areas, & @ strategic locations (e.g.- river & road crossings) - Latin colonies 2500-6k settlers- Subject states not taxed, only had to follow Rome in war.

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Romans rule Italy through:Colonies guard vs. revolt & reward loyalty w/citizenship

Rewarding subjects with various grades of citizenship as they show loyalty to Rome

Roads that promote trade & prosperity during peace

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

2nd Samnite War (326-304 BCE) - Roman phalanx trapped in mtn. pass @ Caudine Forks Copy Samnite tactics-Armed w/pilum (javelin), sword, armor, helmet, & oblong shield Cross b/w hoplite & peltast More flexible formations Can move fresh troops to front & adjust quickly to changes Vict's even for mediocre gen'ls-Romans win 2nd Samnite War 3rd Sam. War (295-290 BCE)

Pyrrhus of Epirus- War w/Tarentum Hire Pyrrhus of Epirus to fight vs. Romans- Ritual of declaring war - Elephants incl. dwarf elephants-Pyrrhic victory: victory not worth the cost

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Rome ready to expand into the Mediterranean (FC.29)

Romans rule Italy through:Colonies guard vs. revolt & reward loyalty w/citizenship

Rewarding subjects with various grades of citizenship as they show loyalty to Rome

Roads that promote trade & prosperity during peace

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

FC.28 ROME’S CONQUEST OF ITALY (c.500-265 B.C.E.)Rome establishes its indep. from Etruscans & neighboring hill tribes

(FC.27)

Rome conquers Etruscan Veii w/o any help from Latins Rome dominates central Italy

Rome ready to expand into the Mediterranean (FC.29)

Romans rule Italy through:Colonies guard vs. revolt & reward loyalty w/citizenship

Rewarding subjects with various grades of citizenship as they show loyalty to Rome

Roads that promote trade & prosperity during peace

Gauls sack Rome (387 BCE), but then return to N. Italy Temporary setback for Rome, but Romans have deep fear of N. barbarians

Rome crushes revolt by its Latin allies (343-340 BCE) & rules each Latin state separately

Rome conquers Samnites & Campania (304) by adopting Samnites’ more flexible tactics

Rome beats Pyrrhus of Epirus’ Hellenistic army (275 BCE) & conquers Greeks in S. Italy

Lands on which to settle Roman poor

They can buy arms & armor

More soldiers for Rome’s army

Able to conquer more lands

Rome founds colonies to control new conquests

Rome builds roads to move armies more

quickly

PATTERN OF ROMAN

EXPANSION

Rome recovers from Gallic disaster & resumes expansion (FC.28A)

***