Ronald Kotkin, Ph.D.

Clinical Professor

Child Development Center

University of California, Irvine

Department of Pediatrics

Baseball Analogy of ADHD: Inattentive Subtype

Baseball Analogy of ADHD: Hyperactivity/ Impulse Subtype

Hyperactive/impulsive Behavior Occurs at a High Rate

• Problem behavior often draws attention in the form of reprimands or frequent prompts.

• This may cause a secondary gain increasing the frequency of the problem behavior.

• Need to attend to and reinforce alternative behavior through social modeling, differential reinforcement and a Daily Report Card.

Inattentive Behavior • Behavior occurs at a very low rate.

• Does not draw attention from teachers.

• Needs frequent prompting and reinforcement to maintain effort and increase productivity.

• Need to attend to and reinforce alternative behavior through social modeling, differential reinforcement and a Daily Report Card.

Increasing Positive Reinforcement for appropriate behavior

• Reinforce other students as model to the target child.

• Use the premack principle or gramma’s rule.

• Use group contingencies.

• Aerobic teaching.

Daily Report Card

• No more than three or four behaviors

• Feedback Three times a day: Recess, Lunch Recess and before going home.

• Daily reinforcement for school behavior.

Group Contingencies and Lotteries

• Popcorn Grab

• Thunderslam

• Good Sport Pizza

• Gumball Guess

Popcorn Grab

Thunder slam

Take a shot

I made a basket

We earned a pepperoni

Group contingencies

Provide visual cues• Red sign

• Voice Meter

• Prompts for appropriate pivotal sentences

• Daily report card as a prompt

• Rules

• Time Timer

Social Skills Training

• Target socially valid behaviors.

• Program for generalization

Programming for Generalization

• Train social skills in the same setting

• Train with peers

• Reinforce the use of the social skill in the natural setting

• Use consistent language to quickly prompt social skill

• Post visual prompts

IF YOU SEE OTHER THAN TWO DOLPHINS IT’S TIME FOR A BREAK