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Antenna tuners voor mobiele telefoons Bits&Chips Hardware Conference 2010 EPCOS AG A Group Company of TDK-EPC Corporation SAW • TuneIC Nijmegen, the Netherlands June 17, 2010
Antenna tuners voor mobiele telefoons
Bits&Chips Hardware Conference 2010
EPCOS AGA Group Company of TDK-EPC Corporation
SAW • TuneICNijmegen, the Netherlands
June 17, 2010
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 2
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
History of EPCOS and tuneable systems
NXP starts RF-MEMS industrialization
Demonstrationconfigurable PAmatch
Start adaptiveantenna matchstudy
Start configurableFEM system study
Demonstrationfirst RF-MEMS devices
Customer engagesin evaluation RF-MEMS
Philips starts RF-MEMS
DemonstrationAdaptiveantenna match
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
EPCOS Netherlands B.V.tunable systems
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 3
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Reduced drop callsIncrease data efficiency
High link quality even with body effectsHigh nr users per base station
Low OPEX
Reuse of antenna designsReduced antenna design time
High performance in all bands and all user conditions
Innovative Industrial Designs
Small form factor phonesSmart mechanics (keyboards etc.)
Long standby/talk timeHigh link qualityHigh data-rates
Phone Manufacturer
Phone users
Operator
Benefits of TDK-EPC Antenna Tuner Systems
More Bands to come!LTE incl. MIMO
15 bands and 40 modes!
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 4
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Future requirements: UTRA frequency bands“Universal Terrestrial Radio Access”
3938373635343321201918171413121110
987654321
270026002500240023002200210020001900180017001600150014001300120011001000900800700600
40
UTR
A b
and
desi
gnat
ion
Frequency (MHz)
Further possible frequency bands (MHz):450−470698−862790−8623400-38003600-42004400-4990
FDD TXFDD RXTDD
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 5
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Future requirements: other • In addition to an increased number of bands, several other important
changes are on the horizon:
• MIMO: a big challenge due to the substantial increase in the number of antennas and the need to maintain good isolation and low correlation (particularly in the low frequency bands)
• The HSPA Rel. 10: the dual-band dual-carrier feature will require simultaneous transmission and reception in different frequency bands (low-band and high-band at the same time)
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 6
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Antenna efficiency• Antenna efficiency may have reduced over the last approx. 10-15 years, for the
following reasons:Integration: mobile antennas are now often part of an assembly that includes a camera, speakers, etc.
Size and style constraints: antennas have been reduced in size, in particular to allow highly stylised and very thin phone designs
[1] Lindberg, P., Kaikkonen, A., Kochali, B., “Body Loss Measurements of Internal Terminal Antennas in Talk Position using Real Human Operator”, International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 4-6 March 2008, pp. 358 - 361.
on-ground
off-ground
Antenna technology: there have been no significant advances (in terms of RF performance)Quad- and penta-band platforms: these have lead to more “off-ground”, “monopole-like” antennas located at the bottom of the phone. These antennas suffer greater losses when held next to the user’s head.For example, from [1], when held by real users, “off-ground”antennas are more lossy than “on-ground” antennas by:
3 - 3.5 dB in the 900 MHz region8.5 - 9 dB in the 1900 MHz region
PCB
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 7
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Summary• Antenna mismatch due to user interaction is an unsolved problem that
must be addressed by adaptive circuitry.
• Antenna efficiency can be improved, but normally at the expense of bandwidth. The antenna could be tuned/reconfigured in order to recover this bandwidth.
• More bands are required in the future, increasing the need for tuned/reconfigured solutions
• Multi-band MIMO will be required. To maintain good isolation and low correlation over a wide frequency range, some additional tuned circuitry may be required.
• “Passive” antennas are at/beyond the limits of their capability.
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 8
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Antenna Tuners
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 9
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
1. RF-MEMS or semiconductor switchesRF-MEMS designed by EPCOS NL
2. Control supply and High Voltage generationDesigned by EPCOS NL
3. RF DetectionDesigned by EPCOS NL
Key elements of Antenna Tuner Products
RF-MEMS antenna tuner mounted on test PCB
4. MicrocontrollerSpecified by EPCOS NL
5. Control Algorithm & SoftwareDeveloped by EPCOS NL
6. Multi Chip ModuleDesigned by EPCOS NL
Actuator
Error detector
DCDC
Control algorithm…..
……
if <criteria>then do <action1>else do <action2>end
Control supply generation
Adaptive
Configurable
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 10
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Antenna Tuner Projects
Open loop: front-end sets frequency band tuner; fixed settings, pre-programmed -> Improved performance for default user case (no hand, no head)
TMN
HV-GEN
Interface
Rest of Phone
TMN
HV-GEN
Interface
HV-GEN
TMN
dual feeddual feedsingle feedsingle feed
DET
Block required for closed loop
ADC uC
Block required for closed loop
DET ADC uC
Closed loop: tuner searches most optimal matching situation; dynamic, continuous adaptation-> Greatly improved performance in all user cases
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 11
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
VSWR target
Matching regionVSWR target Low-band
matching region
High-band matching region
Antenna impedance matching trajectories
AdAM: Tuner types
1 dimension (1-D) 2 dimensions (1-D)
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 12
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Single Feed Antenna Tuner: T100Basic topology:
Dual-banding circuit
ESD/compensation inductance
MEMS capacitor array
1-D Module
Short transmission line between antenna and
module
ESD inductor and capacitor used to bring the antenna within the required rage of
impedances
Low-band (approx. 900MHz) contour
High-band (approx. 1900MHz) contour
-6dB return loss circle
• Impedances within the -6dB return loss circle are generally improved (reactance cancelled)• Impedances outside the -6dB return loss circle are brought within it
4.8 mm4.5 mm
RF in
Antenna
4.8 mm4.5 mm
RF in
Antenna
Latest version, currently in assembly
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 13
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Interface domainsThe T100 adaptive antenna matching module has three interface domains towards the rest of the mobile phone system:•RF•Supply•Control
Figure 2. Application diagram
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 14
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Module build in• A small module is made and is placed inside a commercial available
phone:
matchingpre-matching
feedshortJTAGinterface
Vdd
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 15
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
High-band(1710-2170 MHz)
Low-band (824-960 MHz)
VSWR=3 circle
Low-band (approx. 900MHz) contour
high-band (approx. 1900MHz) contour
Free-space
With user proximity
AdAM 1-D: antenna response
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 16
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
per freq with AdAM
per freq without AdAM
average with AdAM
average without AdAM
12345678
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6TX VSWR
RX
VSW
R
-4-3.5-3
-2.5-2
-1.5-1
-0.50
-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0TX S21 [dB]
RX
S21
[dB
]
AdAM 1-D: VSWR and S21 after adaptation
• 4.8 * 4.5 mm• Integrated
controller
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 17
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Phone Load-pull on BandVIII (882MHz)
• Phone loadpull Antenna Phone + T100 loadpull+ fixed match removed
• Due to the antenna tuner the max achievable output power is reached at a larger range of mismatch conditions.
Mismatch conditions might be caused by body-effects (hand-covering the antenna)
or
Antenna not covering all frequency bands equally optimal
20.00
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0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0
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GTS5600 BandVIII 882MHz RMSPowCur less 0.5dB
10.0011.0012.0013.0014.0015.0016.0017.0018.0019.0020.0021.0022.0023.00
22.00
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GTS5600 BandVIII 882MHz with Haldir C2 RMSPowCur
10.0011.0012.0013.0014.0015.0016.0017.0018.0019.0020.0021.0022.0023.00
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 18
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Definitions
• In order to quantify performance improvements the following terms are defined:
• Remark: Current consumption is measured during active connection with CMU, however without any other peripheral active. Also LCD is blank during current consumption measurement.
%100*)(,)(,
______)(
mWaveragePinmWaveragePout
inPowerDCaverageoutPowerRFAverageyeEfficiencMobilePhon ==η
tunerwithoutMPEtunerwithoutMPEtunerwithMPEtimprovemenMPE
_______ −
=
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 19
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Definitions cont’d
• Pout,pa Without Antenna Tuner:Output power after Duplexer, filter and switches, including estimated loss of fixed matching network!
• Pout,tuner With Antenna TunerOutput power after Antenna tuner
• Antenna Eff Antenna efficiency in dB including fixed matching network.
• Pout,ant Actual transmitted RF power by the antenna
Pout,ant = Pout,pa – Antenna Eff
Pout,pa Pout,tuner
Pout,ant
Antenna Eff.S21-1/|S11|2
Pout,pa Pout,tuner
Pout,ant
Antenna Eff.S21-1/|S11|2
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 20
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Overall Conclusions• User Interactions used:
The used user interactions are very mild interactions, real case user interactions cause much greater effect on the antenna. In these cases the improvements caused by the Antenna Tuner are much greater.
• The T100 can improve a typical commercial phone very well, in both low and high band, overall Mobile Phone Efficiency increases with onaverage 50%.
• A bad designed phone can be improved very well, improvements of MPE of >800% are seen (in low band), while on average the MPE improves with >200%.
© TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC • 21
► Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development [email protected]
Final Conclusion
• Antenna tuners can greatly help out to improve MPE, however:
The antenna tuner requires series resonant antenna’s
For optimum performance the antenna, antenna tuner and PA should be designed together, optimally matching each impedances.
• A very good designed phone can not be improved that much, however with the launch of more frequency spectrum antenna tuners will be required to meet the overall operator demands.
• Newly launched mini phones are expected to suffer more on user interactions and will have overall a less good antenna. Expectations are that antenna tuners will show significant performance improvements.
www.tdk.co.jp • www.epcos.com
