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Wood Frame Construction
ROOF FRAMINGTerms
Shapes/StylesFraming ConditionsRoof Pitch/Slope
Professor Richard luxenburg AIADepartment of Architecture and Interior DesignAnne Arundel Community College
Buckwalter Hoouse, PAHugh Newell Jacobsen, Architect
GABLE Triangular part of the wall under each end of a roof
gablegablerake boardrake board
VALLEY Low points formed by the intersection of two roof slopes (forming a trough to direct
water). Formed by valley rafters Diagonal rafter that supports the valley intersection
DORMER Structure protruding through the
plane of a sloping roof Has its own roof structure A small secondary roof structure
RIDGETop part of gable or hip roofsArea where rafters meet ridge board Where the roof “folds” over the top
Framing a Roof Opening for a Dormer• DOUBLE HEADER RAFTERSDOUBLE HEADER RAFTERS• DOUBLE TRIMMER RAFTERDOUBLE TRIMMER RAFTER
Roof Terminology
EAVE Flat, horizontal edge at the
low side of a sloping roof Gutter placement
Consists of: FASCIA BOARD
Edge board under roof structure following slope
SOFFIT Undersurface of roof overhang
SOFFIT VENT Opening in soffit under eave to
allow air to flow into attic or area below roof sheathing
Eave - Horizontal roof edge
Rake - Sloping roof edge
Terminology
Metal Drip Edge
Soffit• Wood• Metal• Plastic
Gutter
Fascia
Eave Detail
Rake and Eave Connections
Detailing the Abbreviated Eave & Rake Cornice
A ladder of lookouts supports and provides a nailing surface for a boxed-in
rake.SMALL OVERHANG
LARGE OVERHANG
Soffit Details
ROOF SHAPES & STYLES
FLAT minimal slope ¼” per foot
SHED ( or mono-pitch)
slopes in one direction slope can vary
ROOF SHAPES & STYLES
GABLE Slopes in two directions Rafters (or truss) meet at top peak to a
ridge board
HIP slopes in four directions slope is constant on all sides
RIDGE CONNECTIONS
Gable RoofGable Roof
Hip RoofHip Roof TerminologyTerminology
GAMBREL Like gable, but has two different
pitches
MANSARD Gambrel and hip (or flat) combined
These styles require knee walls and ceiling joists
ROOF SHAPES & STYLES
LEAN-TO ROOF SHED MEETING A WALL
FLAT ROOFFLAT ROOFOVERHANGOVERHANG
CONDITIONSCONDITIONS
Roof Trusses
Valleys in Trussed Roofs
ABBREVIATED EAVE FRAMED WITH TRUSSES
BOXED-IN TOP CORD OF TRUSS
EXTENDED TOP CORD
WITH SOFFITED EAVE
Cornice Details using Roof Trusses
ROOF SHEATHING or DECKING
No SHEATHING with diagonal bracing for use with wood shingles and shakes
Plywood Clip:Plywood Clip:
To prevent separation of roof sheathing at mid To prevent separation of roof sheathing at mid span between rafters or trusses Also allows span between rafters or trusses Also allows moisture expansion of the sheathing; typically 1/8” moisture expansion of the sheathing; typically 1/8” spacing between panelsspacing between panels
Roof Slope and Pitch
Pitch as a: Ratio of vertical to horizontal.
For example, a roof that rises 6 inches (or feet) for every 12 inches (of feet) of horizontal run has a 6/12 pitch.