Ross Operation

Seoul National University Hospital

Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery

Pulmonary Autograft

Advantages• Autograft is superior to the allograft in terms of clinical

or hemodynamic outcomes. • Favorable qualities of the autograft, including 1. Excellent immediate hemodynamics, even in small sizes 2. Freedom from a need for anticoagulation 3. Resistance to infection 4. Suitability for use despite congenital or acquired distortions of cardiac anatomy. • Better hemodynamics over time, growth of the autograft,

which has been well described and which does not occur in allografts

Pulmonary Autograft

Idea of choice• The Ross procedure is not a cure for aortic valve diseas

e. • Beyond its technical demands, which are formidable, th

ere are legitimate concerns about long-term growth and durability of the autograft, dilatation of the neoaortic root, and fate of the pulmonary allograft.

• Ultimately, the decision to perform the Ross procedure or an alternative operation must be tempered to some degree by what that alternative operation is.

Pulmonary AutograftAortic root tailoring Aim

1 To overcome the size mismatch (2mm over sized)2 Adjust aortic anulnus to 2mm smaller than that of the pulmonary autograft

Method 1 Circumferential strips

2 Purse-string sutures around the annular3 Noncircumferential removal of tissue posteriorly at the level of anterior leaflet (Triangular excision between left & noncoronary cusp)

Aortic Root Replacement Use of allograft I. Advantages 1. Simplicity Younger patient 1) Annulus is large & noncoronary cusp is deep. 2) Commissures may not be symmetric. 3) Sinuses may have variable diameter. 4) Transverse orifice in a bicuspid valve 2. Decrease in structural degeneration over time

II. Principles 1. The allograft should not be made to fit the host. 2. The allograft valve should maintain its inherent symmetry. 3. The size of the allograft becomes less critical.

Pulmonary Autograft

Causes of failure• Technical errors during dissection and implantation of pulmonary autograft• Geometric mismatch between the two semilunar valves• Late endocarditis• Immunologically mediated injury • Structural changes in the autograft that pre

dispose to dilatation of the autograft

Ross Procedure

Disadvantages• Technical demands, which are formidable

• Legitimate concerns of long-term growth

• Durability of the autograft

• Dilatation of the neoaortic root

• Fate of the pulmonary allograft

Ross Procedure

Contraindications• The pulmonary valve may be congenitally abse

nt or deformed• The pulmonary valve may be damaged by acq

uired disease, or compromised by previous surgical procedures

• Certain connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, probably affect pulmonary valve & disqualify it from consideration

Ross ProcedureFactors of late results1 Cellularity of the semilunar valve decreases with age, Ross operation may not be appropriate for elderly.2 Adjust diameter of the aortic annulus and of the sinotubular junction to those diameters of the pulmonary autograft3 Pulmonary homograft is more durable than the aortic homogaft4 Neither the diameter of aortic annulus, nor sinotubular junction should exceed the length of the free margin

of the leaflet

Ross Procedure

Arrhythmia 1. Underlying potential for ventricular arrhythmia because of pressure & volume overload

2. Damage the septal branches of the LAD causes myocardial ischemia & ventricular ectopy

3. Coronary artery transfer may lead to the areas of myocardial ischemia & rhythm abnormalities.

4. Annular-enlarging procedures or muscle resection in subaortic area damage the conduction system.

Ross Operation Harvest of Autograft

Ross Operation Harvest of Autograft

Ross Operation RVOT Reconstruction using Homograft

Ross Operation Subcoronary Inclusion Technique

Ross Operation Subcoronary Inclusion Technique

Ross OperationAortic Root Replacement Technique

Ross OperationAortic Root Replacement Technique

Ross-Konno Procedure

• Widened Interventricular Septum (Ventriculoseptoplasty)

Modified Konno Procedure

• Subaortic left ventricular outflow tract is augmented by

a patch which closes created ventricular septal defect

Heart Valve Construction Autologous Pulmonary Artery Segment

• Involution method of valve construction and surgical implantation