route 31 corridor profile

CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION

(CMMPO)

Holden - Paxton - Spencer Route 31 Corridor Profile

Prepared by the transportation staff of the

September 2014 Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Transit Administration. The views and opinions of the Central Massachusetts Regional Planning Commission expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation or the U.S. Department of Transportation.

TableofContents1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1

1.1 TransportationManagementSystemsIntegration:CorridorProfile..................11.2 PreviousCorridorProfileEfforts.............................................................................21.3 Route31CorridorProfile:Holden,Paxton,andSpencer......................................21.4 CorridorProfileWorkActivitiesDefinedinUPWP.................................................51.5 TechnicalAdvisoryGroupfortheRoute31CorridorProfile..................................61.6 HostCommunityObservations...............................................................................81.7 TownofHolden.......................................................................................................81.8 TownofPaxton.....................................................................................................111.9 TownofSpencer...................................................................................................13

2.0 ROUTE31ENVIRONS........................................................................................................19

2.1 HostCommunityLandUse...................................................................................192.2 NaturalEnvironment............................................................................................25

3.0 CONGESTIONMANAGEMENTPROCESS(CMP)...............................................................34

3.1 OverviewoftheCentralMassachusettsCMP......................................................343.2 DailyTrafficVolumes............................................................................................343.3 Route31TravelTimeandDelayStudies..............................................................393.4 Route31IntersectionsExistingPeakHourTrafficVolumes.................................483.5 PercentageofHeavyVehiclesUtilizingRoute31FocusIntersections.................553.6 Route31IntersectionsProjected2023PeakHourTrafficVolumes....................573.7 Route31IntersectionPeakHourLevelofService(LOS)Analyses.......................66

4.0 SAFETYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM(SMS)...........................................................................68

4.1 TownofHoldenCrashAnalysis.............................................................................704.2 TownofPaxtonCrashAnalysis.............................................................................754.3 TownofSpencerCrashAnalysis...........................................................................814.4 TownofSpencerAdditionalStudySegment:MeadowRoad..............................88

5.0 PAVEMENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEM(PMS)....................................................................92

5.1 PavementManagementConcepts.......................................................................925.2 TownofHoldenOverallConditionIndex(OCI)....................................................955.3 TownofPaxtonOverallConditionIndex(OCI).....................................................965.4 TownofSpencerOverallConditionIndex(OCI)...................................................96

6.0 BRIDGES&MAJORDRAINAGESTRUCTURES..................................................................98

6.1 StatewideBridgeManagementSystem(BMS).....................................................986.2 Route31CorridorProfileBridges.........................................................................986.3 TownofHolden.....................................................................................................996.4 TownofSpencer................................................................................................1006.5 MajorDrainageStructures.................................................................................101

7.0 PUBLICTRANSPORTATION............................................................................................114

7.1 RegionalandProfileAreaServices....................................................................1147.2 TownofHolden..................................................................................................1167.3 TownofPaxton..................................................................................................1167.4 TownofSpencer................................................................................................116

8.0 ALTERNATIVEMODES...................................................................................................118

8.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................1188.2 GreenDOT..........................................................................................................1188.3 MassDOTHealthyTransportation.....................................................................1188.4 HealthyTransportationPolicyDirective............................................................1198.5 CommunityHealthImprovementPlan(CHIP)...................................................1198.6 CompleteStreets...............................................................................................1208.7 BicyclingintheCorridor.....................................................................................1208.8 PedestrianFacilitiesandActivityintheCorridor..............................................1208.9 RegionalTrailsintheCorridor...........................................................................121

9.0 OVERALLCORRIDORPROFILEFINDINGS......................................................................123

9.1 Route31Intersections.......................................................................................1239.2 Route31RoadwaySegments............................................................................128

10.0 SUGGESTEDIMPROVEMENTOPTIONS.........................................................................133

10.1 CorridorWide....................................................................................................13310.2 TownofHolden..................................................................................................13710.3 TownofPaxxton................................................................................................14010.4 TownofSpencer................................................................................................144

11.0 HOSTCOMMUNITYPROJECTPRIORITIZATION&PRELIMINARYCOSTESTIMATES...149

11.1 TownofHolden..................................................................................................14911.2 TownofPaxton..................................................................................................15111.3 TownofSpencer................................................................................................15211.4 PotentialFundingSources.................................................................................154

ListofFigures

Figure1 PreviousStudies.......................................................................................................3Figure2 HostCommunitiesofHolden,Paxton,andSpencer...............................................4Figure3 TownofHolden:IdentifiedCorridorDeficiencies................................................16Figure4 TownofPaxton:IdentifiedCorridorDeficiencies.................................................17Figure5 TownofSpencer:IdentifiedCorridorDeficiencies...............................................18Figure6 TownofHolden:MajorEmployers,TruckingGeneratorsandOther SignificantLandUses.............................................................................................22Figure7 TownofPaxton:MajorEmployers,TruckingGeneratorsandOther SignificantLandUses.............................................................................................23Figure8 TownofSpencer:MajorEmployers,TruckingGeneratorsandOther SignificantLandUses.............................................................................................24Figure9 WatershedsandImpairedWaterways..................................................................26Figure10 TownofHolden:EnvironmentalProfile...............................................................29Figure11 TownofPaxton:EnvironmentalProfile................................................................30Figure12 TownofSpencer:EnvironmentalProfile..............................................................31Figure13 TownofHolden:CorridorExtensionEnvironmentalProfile................................32Figure14 TownofSpencer:CorridorExtensionEnvironmentalProfile...............................33Figure15 HoldenTrafficCountLocations..............................................................................35Figure16 PaxtonTrafficCountLocations..............................................................................36Figure17 SpencerTrafficCountLocations............................................................................37Figure18 Route31SpeedProfile:Holden/PaxtonSouthboundAMPeakPeriod.........40Figure19 Route31SpeedProfile:Holden/PaxtonNorthboundAMPeakPeriod.........41Figure20 Route31SpeedProfile:Holden/PaxtonSouthboundPMPeakPeriod..........42Figure21 Route31SpeedProfile:Holden/PaxtonNorthboundPMPeakPeriod..........43Figure22 Route31SpeedProfile:Paxton/SpencerSouthboundAMPeakPeriod........44Figure23 Route31SpeedProfile:Paxton/SpencerNorthboundAMPeakPeriod........45Figure24 Route31SpeedProfile:Paxton/SpencerSouthboundPMPeakPeriod........46Figure25 Route31SpeedProfile:Paxton/SpencerNorthboundPMPeakPeriod........47Figure26 TownofHoldenRoute31ExistingTrafficFlowsAMPeakHourPeriod................49Figure27 TownofHoldenRoute31ExistingTrafficFlowsPMPeakHourPeriod................50Figure28 TownofPaxtonRoute31ExistingTrafficFlowsAMPeakHourPeriod................51Figure29 TownofPaxtonRoute31ExistingTrafficFlowsPMPeakHourPeriod................52Figure30 TownofSpencerRoute31ExistingTrafficFlowsAMPeakHourPeriod..............53Figure31 TownofSpencerRoute31ExistingTrafficFlowsPMPeakHourPeriod..............54Figure32 TownofHoldenRoute31Projected2023TrafficFlowsAMPeakHourPeriod...60Figure33 TownofHoldenRoute31Projected2023TrafficFlowsPMPeakHourPeriod....61Figure34 TownofPaxtonRoute31Projected2023TrafficFlowsAMPeakHourPeriod....62Figure35 TownofPaxtonRoute31Projected2023TrafficFlowsPMPeakHourPeriod....63Figure36 TownofSpencerRoute31Projected2023TrafficFlowsAMPeakHourPeriod..64Figure37 TownofSpencerRoute31Projected2023TrafficFlowsPMPeakHourPeriod..65Figure38 VehicleCrashDiagram:HoldenRoute122A/Route31......................................72Figure39 VehicleCrashDiagram:PaxtonRoute31/Route56..........................................77Figure40 VehicleCrashDiagram:PaxtonRoute31/Route122........................................78Figure41 VehicleCrashDiagram:SpencerRoute31/MeadowRd/WireVillageRd.........83Figure42 VehicleCrashDiagram:SpencerRoute31/Route9/WallSt.............................84

Figure43 VehicleCrashDiagram:SpencerRoute9/MeadowRd/SouthSpencerRd.......90Figure44 Route31CorridorProfilePavementCondition.....................................................93Figure45 TownofHolden:MajorDrainageStructures......................................................103Figure46 TownofPaxton:MajorDrainageStructures......................................................104Figure47 TownofSpencer:MajorDrainageStructures....................................................105Figure48 TownofHolden:Route31MajorDrainageStructuresPhotos..........................111Figure49 TownofPaxton:Route31MajorDrainageStructuresPhotos..........................112Figure50 TownofSpencer:Route31MajorDrainageStructuresPhotos.........................113Figure51 WorcesterRegionalTransitAuthorityServiceArea............................................115Figure52 MidstateTrailAlignment.....................................................................................122Figure53 CorridorWideSuggestedImprovementOptions................................................135Figure54 TownofHolden:SuggestedImprovementOptions...........................................139Figure55 TownofPaxton:SuggestedImprovementOptions............................................142Figure56 ProposedRoute31(HoldenRoad)TIPProject#607250.....................................143Figure57 TownofSpencer:SuggestedImprovementOptions..........................................147Figure58 PotentialRealignment/StraighteningofRoute31Curve....................................148

ListofTables

Table1 TechnicalAdvisoryGroupMembershipListing&MeetingDates.......................7Table2 Route31ExistingDailyTrafficVolumes..............................................................38Table3 Route31TravelTimeandDelayStudyResults...................................................39Table4 PercentageofHeavyVehiclesUtilizingRoute31FocusIntersections................56Table5 SiteSpecificBackgroundDevelopment...............................................................58Table6 IntersectionLevelofService(LOS)AnalysesResults: ExistingConditions&Projected2023Conditions...............................................67Table7 VehicleCrashRatesatFocusIntersections.........................................................69Table8 SummaryofReportedVehicleCrashesonRoute31intheTownofHolden......71Table9 HoldenRoute31VehicleCrashInventory........................................................73Table10 SummaryofReportedVehicleCrashesonRoute31intheTownofPaxton......76Table11 PaxtonRoute31VehicleCrashInventory........................................................79Table12 SummaryofReportedVehicleCrashesonRoute31intheTownofSpencer....82Table13 SpencerRoute31VehicleCrashInventory.......................................................85Table14 SummaryofReportedVehicleCrashesonMeadowRoadinthe TownofSpencer..................................................................................................89Table15 SpencerMeadowRoadVehicleCrashInventory..............................................91Table16 Route31PavementAnalysisRecommendations................................................94Table17 Route31CorridorProfileBridges........................................................................99Table18 Route31&MeadowRoadInventoryofMajorDrainageStructures...............106Table19 TownofHoldenRoute31FocusIntersections: OverallCorridorProfileFindings.......................................................................125Table20 TownofPaxtonRoute31FocusIntersections: OverallCorridorProfileFindings.......................................................................126Table21 TownofSpencerRoute31(&MeadowRoad)FocusIntersections: OverallCorridorProfileFindings.......................................................................127Table22 TownofHoldenRoute31(&ManningStreet)RoadwaySegments: OverallCorridorProfileFindings.......................................................................130Table23 TownofPaxtonRoute31RoadwaySegments: OverallCorridorProfileFindings.......................................................................131Table24 TownofSpencerRoute31(&MeadowRoad)RoadwaySegments: OverallCorridorProfileFindings.......................................................................132Table25 IntersectionLevelofService(LOS)AnalysesResults: Projected2023DoNothingandPotentialFutureYearImprovements........136

1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 TransportationManagementSystemsIntegration:CorridorProfileACorridorProfilecombinestheinformationproducedbythetransportationManagementSystemsalongaparticularhighwaycorridor,ofteninmultiplehostcommunities,andanalyzesperformancebaseddata,suggestsbothoperationalandphysicalimprovements,andmayidentifycandidateprojectsforfurtherstudy.UtilizingtherangeofdataandanalysesproducedbytheongoingtransportationManagementSystemsmaintainedbythestaffoftheCentralMassachusettsRegionalPlanningCommission(CMRPC)andoverseenbytheCentralMassachusettsMetropolitanPlanningOrganization(CMMPO),CorridorProfileeffortsallowforthecomprehensiveintegrationthroughconsiderationofarangeofkeytransportationplanningfactors.Ultimately,abroadrangeofsuggestedimprovementoptionsarecompiledfortheconsiderationofthehostcommunitiesandMassDOTHighwayDivision.Whenlocalconsensusisreached,proposedimprovementprojectsacceptedbythecommunityeligibleforfederalaidfundinghavethepotentialtobeselectedbytheCMMPOforprogrammingintheannualTransportationImprovementProgram(TIP)document.Atthistime,thehighlycompetitiveTIPisessentiallyfullyproscribedforthefiscalyears2015to2018.TheRoute31CorridorProfileincludestheanalysisandinterpretationofarangeofManagementSystemdata,includingthefollowing:

TrafficCounting:DailyAutomaticTrafficRecorder(ATR)countsandMassDOTHighwayDivisioncountdata

CongestionManagementProcess(CMP):CurrentTravelTime&DelaystudiesalongRoute31;currentandfutureprojectedpeakhourTurningMovementCounts(TMC)atfocusintersectionsandassociatedLevelofService(LOS)analyses

FreightPlanning:PeakhourpercentageofheavyvehiclesutilizingRoute31focusintersections

TransportationSafetyPlanningProgram:IndepthvehiclecrashresearchincooperationwiththeHolden,Paxton,andSpencerPoliceDepartmentsutilizingathreeyearhistoryofreportedcrashesandsubsequentanalysis,includingthecompilationofcollisiondiagramsandcrashrates

PavementManagementSystem(PMS):ObservationofpavementsurfacedistressandextentinthefieldalongwithsubsequentanalysisandcalculatedOverallConditionIndex(OCI)

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BridgeManagementSystem(BMS):BridgeconditiondataavailablethroughMassDOTHighwayDivision;GISbasedinventoryofmajorroadwaydrainagestructuresaswellaslocalobservationsinthefield

Dependingonlocalsentimentandavailablefunding,thetechnicalworknecessarytocompileaCorridorProfileissupplementedbycustomizedpublicoutreachefforts.ThiscanrangefrombasicmeetingswithlocalofficialstotheformationofaTechnicalAdvisoryGrouporstudyTaskForcetoguidetheeffort.Asdeterminednecessary,specialmeetingscanalsobeheldwithvariousstakeholdergroupsinarangeofvenues.1.2 PreviousCorridorProfileEffortsInearlieryears,theCMRPCtransportationstaffhascompletedseveralCorridorProfileefforts.AsshowninFigure1,threepreviousstudieshavebeencompletedinthispartoftheplanningregion.ThefigureindicateshowtheRoute31CorridorProfilelinkswiththreepreviouslycompletedtransportationplanningeffortsconductedonRoute122AinHolden,Route122ScenicBywayinPaxtonandRoute9inSpencer.AstheCorridorProfileserieshasevolved,ithasbecomeincreasinglymultimodalandintermodal.Atthistime,theManagementSystemsserveasthebasisforthetransitiontoperformancebasedplanning.Performancebasedplanningseekstomeasurethevalueofinvestmentsmadeinthenationstransportationinfrastructure.Presently,focusareasincludereducingcongestion,improvingpavement,reducingvehiclecrashesand,inthespiritofthestatesHealthyTransportationinitiative,increasingtheuseofthealternativemodesoftransit,bicycling,andwalking.1.3 Route31CorridorProfile:Holden,Paxton,andSpencerTheRoute31CorridorProfilebeganasavisionbythetownofSpencerforatransportationplanningstudythatwouldidentifypotentialsafetyimprovementsalongRoute31.Althoughhavingaprimaryemphasisonimprovingroadwaysafety,othergoalsoftheRoute31CorridorProfileincludereducingperiodiccongestion,preservingandimprovingroadwaypavement,maintainingandreconstructingmajorbridgeanddrainagestructuresaswellasdetermininghowtoimprovetheroadwayforbicycleandpedestrianaccommodations.CompetitivelyselectedbytheCMMPO,staffrequestedthecommunitiesofHoldenandPaxtontoparticipateintheeffort.TheparticipationofHoldenandPaxtonallowedtheRoute31CorridorProfiletolinkpreviousplanningstudiesonRoute122AinHolden,theRoute122ScenicBywayinPaxtonandtheearlierRoute9CorridorProfileinSpencer.Route31isafederalaidhighwaythatiseligibleforfederalfundingforimprovements.TheRoute31studycorridorisshowninFigure2alongwithothermajoraspectsofthegreaterregionsmultimodaltransportationnetworkincludingrailroadsandlongdistancehikingtrails.

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ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE

Source: Data provided by the US Census Bureau, Central Massachsuetts Regional Planning Commission (CMRPC),massDOT Office Of Transportation Planning Geospatial Resources Section and the Office of Geographic Information MassGIS), Commonwealth of Massachusetts, InformationTechnology Division. Information depicted on this map is for planning purposes only.This information is not adequate for legal boundary definition,regulatory interpretation, or parcel-level analysis. Use cautionintrepreting positional accuracy.

IPrevious StudiesFigure 1

RUTLAND

OAKHAM

BARRE PRINCETON

HOLDENWESTBOYLSTON

WORCESTER

MILLBURY

AUBURN

LEICESTERSPENCER

PAXTON

NORTH BROOKFIELD

EAST BROOKFIELD

CHARLTONOXFORD

290

90

")9

290

")9

")146

90 20395

")12")56

")56")9

")9

")12

")49")31

")31

")122

190

")31

")31

")122

")56

")56")122

")148

")140

")110

")140

")68

")146

20

")12

")122

Meadow

Road

122A

122A

122A

0 1 2 3 40.5Miles

190

Manning St

reet

Raymon

d Huntin

gton Hgw

y

Route 9 Corridor Profile

Route 122A (Main St.)Access ManagementRoute 122 "Lost Villages"Scenic Byways

LegendRoute 9 Corridor Profile, 2007

Route 122 "Lost Villages" Scenic Byways, 2009

Route 31 - Holden, Paxton, Spencer

Route 31 1.0 Mile Buffer Zone

Route 31 Corridor Extensions

Route 122A (Main St.) Access Management, 2011

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ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE


IHost communities of Holden, Paxton and SpencerFigure 2

RUTLAND

OAKHAM

BARRE PRINCETON

HOLDEN WESTBOYLSTON

WORCESTER

MILLBURY

AUBURN

LEICESTERSPENCER

PAXTON

NORTH BROOKFIELD

EAST BROOKFIELD

CHARLTON OXFORD

290

90

")9

290

")9

")146

90 20 395

")12")56

")56

")9

")9

")12

")49")31

")31

")122

190

")31

")31

")122

")56

")56

")122

")148

")140

")110

")140

")70

")68

")146

20

")12

")122

Meadow

Road

122A

122A

Manning S

treetLaurel StreetR

aymond

Hunting

ton Hgw

y

190

0 1.5 3 4.5 60.75Miles

Legend

InterstateU.S. RouteState Route

Midstate TrailRailroad

Route 31 - Holden, Paxton, SpencerRoute 31 Corridor Profile Extensions

Other Trails

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TheroadwaysegmentsofRoute31inHolden(3.3miles),Paxton(4.4miles),andSpencer(5.6miles)combineforatotallengthof13.3miles.EssentiallyallofRoute31islocallymaintainedbythehostcommunitiesofHolden,PaxtonandSpencer.TheMassDOTRoadwayInventoryFile(RIF)indicatesthattherightofwayforRoute31ismostly40feetinwidth,withsomeminorexceptions,inthehostcommunitiesofHoldenandPaxton.InSpencer,theRIFindicatesanavailablerightofwayofmostly50feet,againwithsomeminorexceptions.Additionally,ManningStreetinHoldenandMeadowRoadinSpencer(attherequestoftherespectivecommunities)havebeenincludedinthisstudyasextensionsofRoute31.1.4 CorridorProfileWorkActivitiesDefinedinUPWPThisCorridorProfileefforthasbeencompletedaspartoftheCMMPOEndorsedUnifiedPlanningWorkPrograms(UPWPs)forfederalfiscalyears2013and2014.ThefollowingprovidesanoverviewofthemajortasksthatwereincludedwithinthedefinedscopeoftheRoute31CorridorProfileeffort:

CMRPCcoordinationonanentirerangeofCorridorProfileaspectsincludingdatacollectionandanalysis.

VehiclecrashanalysescompletedincooperationwiththeHolden,PaxtonandSpencer

PoliceDepartments.

CompletionofanEnvironmentalProfilefortheentireRoute31studycorridorinHolden,PaxtonandSpencer.

Rangeofsuggestedimprovementoptionscompiledforhostcommunityconsideration.

Compilationandproductionofarangeofcolormapsandgraphicsforthereport

documentaswellasforpublicoutreachpurposes.

CompletionofdetailedRoute31CorridorProfilereportdocumentalongwithanaccompanyingTechnicalAppendix.

PublicOutreach:

MeetingsoftheRoute31TechnicalAdvisoryGroup,alternatingbetweenthehostcommunitiesofHolden,PaxtonandSpencer.

Route31HostCommunityStudyPublicOutreachandOverviewMeetings,autumn2014.

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Additionalactivity:

HoldenCenter&MainStreetNeighborhoodSAFEworkshop,summer2013.1.5 TechnicalAdvisoryGroupfortheRoute31CorridorProfilePublicoutreachmethodsarecustomizedforeachCorridorProfilestudy.InthecaseofRoute31,aTechnicalAdvisoryGroupwasestablishedtooverseeandguidethestudyprocess.MemberswereaskedtoparticipatefromeachofthehostcommunitiesofHolden,PaxtonandSpencer.TheparticipantsoftheRoute31TechnicalAdvisoryGrouparelistedinTable1.Itwassuggestedthatthegroupconveneeverytwomonthsthroughoutthedurationofthestudyprocess.AlistingofthemeetingsheldbytheTechnicalAdvisoryGroupisalsoshowninthetable.Ascanbeseen,themeetingschedulealternatedbetweeneachRoute31hostcommunity.ThefirstmeetingoftheGroupwasheldinFebruary2013andcontinueduntilAugust2014.TheCMRPCstaffwouldarrangethemeetingswiththeassistanceofthevariousparticipantsineachhostcommunity.Detailedhandoutswereprovidedbythestaff,mostcontainingarangeofcolorgraphicsandothervisuals.Also,stafffromtheMassDOTHighwayDivisionDistrict#3officewasconsultedperiodicallyduringthestudyprocess,particularlyconcerningRoute31bridgestructures.Followingthecompletionofthestudyandpriortodocumentfinalization,StudyOverviewMeetingswereheldwiththefollowinghostcommunityofficials.

Holden:DepartmentofPublicWorks,TransportationCirculationCommittee,and PlanningBoardPaxton:BoardofSelectmenSpencer:TownAdministratorandBoardofSelectmen

Themeetingsprovidedanoverviewtothestudyprocessandanopportunitytodiscussfindingsandtherangeofsuggestedimprovementoptionswhileaddressinghostcommunityconcerns.AdetailedTechnicalAppendixhasbeencompiledtoaccompanytheRoute31CorridorProfiledocumentandincludesmeetingagendasfromallmeetingsoftheTechnicalAdvisoryGroupaswellastheStudyOverviewMeetingsheldwithlocalofficials.TheAppendixalsoincludesnewsarticles,technicalanalysesandabroadrangeofothermaterialspertinenttotheRoute31CorridorProfileeffort.

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Table1TechnicalAdvisoryGroup

MembershipListing&MeetingDates

TownofHoldenIsabelMcCauley,SeniorCivilEngineer

JohnWoodsmall,DepartmentofPublicWorksDirector

TownofPaxtonMikePutnam,DepartmentofPublicWorksSuperintendent

CarolRiches,TownAdministrator

TownofSpencerStevenTyler,P.E.,Utilities&FacilitiesSuperintendent

CMRPCProfessionalStaff

KevinKrasnecky,PrincipalPlannerRichRydant,TransportationProjectManager

MeetingLocations&Dates

SpencerFebruary5,2013PaxtonApril9,2013HoldenJune4,2013

SpencerAugust13,2013PaxtonOctober8,2013

HoldenDecember10,2013SpencerFebruary11,2014

PaxtonApril8,2014HoldenJune10,2014

SpencerAugust12,2014

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1.6HostCommunityObservationsAtstudyonset,membersoftheTechnicalAdvisoryGroupfromeachhostcommunitywereaskedtoprovideacomprehensivelistingofRoute31locationswithinthedefinedstudyareawhereimprovementsshouldbeconsidered.Theseobservationswereusedtohelpguidefieldobservationanddatacollectionefforts.Laterinthestudydocument,suggestedimprovementoptionsareprovidedforhostcommunityconsideration.Theseoptionsarebasedonthebelowlistedcommunityobservations,observationsmadeinthefieldbystaffaswellasarangeofstandardizedtransportationplanningcalculations.Followingthelistedcommunityobservations,Figures3through5showtheidentifiedcorridordeficienciesandtheirlocationsforeachofthethreetowns.1.7TownofHoldenIntersectionCongestion

HoldenishostcommunitytoWachusettRegionalHighSchool(WRHS),amajorgeneratorofschoolbusandpersonalvehicletraffic.WRHSgeneratedtraffichasbeenobservedtocontributetocongestedconditionsattheRoute122A(MainStreet)/Route31(ReservoirStreet/HighlandStreet)intersection.

TrafficcongestionissuesexistattheRoute31(HighlandStreet)/ManningStreet

intersectionduringpeakflowperiods.ManningStreetalongwiththeRayHuntingtonHighway/LeggRoadprovidesaccesstotheI190interchange#5inSterling.(ThislocationisoutsidetheCMMPOestablishedCorridorProfilestudyarea.)

IntersectionSafety

IntersectionofRoute31(HighlandStreet)withWachusettStreethasahistoryofvehiclecrashes.HPDrecordsindicatedthatbetween1/1/2010and10/16/2013thatthree(3)reportedvehiclecrashedoccurredattheRoute31/WachusettStreetlocation.AccordingtotheHPD,allweresituationswhereavehicleonRoute31waseitherslowingtoturnorstoppedtowaitforcleartoclearandwasrearendedbyanothervehicle.Itappearsthatnoneoftheincidentswasweatherrelated.(ThislocationisoutsidetheCMMPOestablishedCPstudyarea.)

RoadwayCondition

Roadwaysurfacesettlementissuesareevidentbetween350&383SouthRoadduetoadrainagepipecrossingRoute31thatleadstotheKendallReservoirbasin.

RoadwayGeometry

Route31providesaminimalshoulderoflessthan1footinwidth.

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Asobservedinthefield,thereexistslimitedsightdistanceduetoanotableverticalcurveonRoute31(substandardroadwaygeometry),adjacentto5060SouthRoad,southoftheMixterRoadintersection.

Route31exhibitssteepgradesoneachapproachtotheKendallReservoirbasin.

RoadwayDrainage

Route31(PaxtonRoad/SouthRoad)forapproximately0.8miles,lacksdrainagestructures.Asaresult,stormwaterrunsviasheetflowtowardstheKendallReservoirbasin.

RoadwaydrainagefromSouthRoadflowsintotheKendallReservoiruntreated.Thereis

noprovisionofanyfilteringsystem.Bridge

BridgeNumberH18002,Route31(ReservoirStreet)overP&WRailroad:ItissuggestedthatthewearingsurfaceoftheRoute31bridgeovertheP&WRRberepaved.Thebridgewasconstructedaround1983.BridgedeemedFunctionallyObsolete(FO)byMassDOT,duetogeneralstructuredeteriorationorinadequatestrength,MassDOT77.3rating.

Anyrepairorimprovementplanforthisstructureshouldconsidertheinstallationofafullyaccessiblesidewalkalongsouthsideofbridgestructure.

RoadwaySafety

Route31(PaxtonRoad/SouthRoad/ReservoirStreet)presentsapotentialvehiclecrashhazardduetotreesandotherovergrownvegetationwithintheroadwayrightofway.Considerselectiveremovalofencroachingvegetation.

RetainingWallFailure

Townofficialsindicatestructuralanddrainageissuesassociatedwiththestoneretainingwallnexttothehistoriccemeteryinthetowncenter,causedbytheverticalalignmentoftheroadwayduringtheredesignoftheRoute122A/Route31intersection.ThetownofHoldenownsthestoneretainingwall;thenameofthecemeteryisOldBurialGround.

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Pedestrian

IthasbeensuggestedthattheRoute31sidewalkbeextendedfromRoute122A(MainStreet)toTheOaksofHolden,anage55+condominiumcomplex,andtheHoldenChapel.

PedestriancrossingnearColonyHomesSeniorHousingProjectonRoute31(Reservoir

Street)issubjecttosubstantialtrafficvolumeswhileprovidinglimitedsightdistance,throughobstructedlinesofsight.

Thecommunityseekssidewalknetworkconnectivityforpedestrianaccessbetweenthe

segmentsofRoute31bothnorthandsouthofRoute122A(MainStreet).SidewalkconnectivityonRoute31(HighlandStreet)northofRoute122AisenvisionedtocontinuenorthtoNolaDriveandsouthtoJoelScottDrive.Further,connectivityforbicyclesandpedestriansissoughtforDavisHillSchool,locatedonJamiesonStreet.Thepotentialforoffstreetbicyclepathsalsoexistsinthisdenseresidentialarea.(ThislocationisoutsidetheCMMPOestablishedCPstudyarea.)

ActivedevelopmentprojectsalongRoute31inHolden

ModificationofRoute31(HighlandStreet)/UnionStreetintersectionisundergoingthelocalreviewprocess.ImprovementsareconsideredmitigationfortheGreenwoodIIsubdivision(96lots)thathasaccessonUnionStreet.(ThislocationisoutsidetheCMMPOestablishedCPstudyarea.)

Informationrelatedtothenumberofunitsandoccupancyforsubdivisionslocatedoff

Route31,withinthestudyarea: Stoneybrook,totalof76units,36builtandoccupiedtodate TheOaksofHolden,designedfor108with72builtandoccupied.

ManningStreetBridgeStatus

InJune2013,apartiallaneclosurewasputintoplaceontheManningStreetbridgeduetothediscoveryofdeteriorationinthebridgedeckingandunderlyingconcretebeams(superstructure).OnOctober7,2013,HoldensDPWHighwayDivisionbeganrepairoperationstothenorthboundlaneofthebridgewhichstartedwiththeremovalofexistingpavementandwaterproofmembrane.Duringthiswork,itwasnotedthattheconditionsoftheconcretebeamsandotherfunctionalelementsweresuchthatareplacementofthebridgesuperstructurewasdeterminedtobeamoreeffectivelongtermsolution.Thus,theHighwayDivisionplanstocompletetherepairofthedeterioratedbeams,addasprayappliedwaterproofmembraneunderthedirectionofMassDOT,andrepavethenorthboundlane.Thesouthboundlanewillbeleftintact.MassDOTwillreinspectthebridgeafterthecompletionofrepairs.

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1.8TownofPaxtonRoute31(HoldenRoad),betweenHoldentownlineandGroveStreet

TheRoute31(GroveStreet)/Route31(HoldenRoad)intersectionisconsideredpotentiallyhazardousduetolimitedlinesofsight.Aflashingbeaconhaslongbeenpresentatthislocation,supplementingtheSTOPsignforHoldenRoad.

ThetownofPaxtonisseekingalistingontheCMMPOsTIPforanimprovementproject

forHoldenRoadreclamation.TheproposedprojecthasbeenapprovedbyMassDOTPRC(#607250).TheprojecthasyettobeprogrammedontheTIPbytheMPO.Atthistime,itisanticipatedthatfundingmaybeavailableforFY2019,attheearliest.Theproposedprojectincludes: Addressingdeterioratingpavementandberm,mostlycountrystyledrainage,

somecatchbasins Drainageimprovements/culvertlocations Bicycleandpedestrianaccommodation Accessmanagement,minimal Treetrimmingand/orremovalwithinROW Upgrade/improveguardrailsalongthissegment,wherenecessary

InadditiontoAnnaMariaCollege,theremaybeincreasedvehicleandpedestrian

generationfromPaxtonsnewseniorhousingdevelopment.ThesitedriveislocatedonGroveStreetnorthoftheHoldenRoadintersection.50unitswith60parkingspacesareplanned.

Route31(GroveStreet),betweenHoldenRoadandMapleStreet

ThissegmentofRoute31wasreconstructedaround2002.GroveStreetexhibitsCompleteStreetdesigncharacteristics,accommodatingvehicles,bicyclesandpedestrians.GroveStreetservesastheprimaryaccesstoAnnaMariaCollege(AMC),aschoolwithanenrollmentof1,500.

Route31(MapleStreet),betweenGroveStreetandtowncenter

Varyingroadwaywidth,somewhatnarrowinplaces.

IdentifiedneedtoeithertrimorremovehazardoustreeswithinroadwayRightofWay

NosidewalkscurrentlyexistonMapleStreet.Thetownisstronglyconsideringtheadditionofnewsidewalks.MapleStreetisconsideredtobeanimportantpedestriancorridorconnectingthetowncenterwithGroveStreet,AnnaMariaCollegeandthenewseniorhousingdevelopment.

11

Route31intowncenter

TrafficgeneratedinnearbycommunitiesleadstocongestionattheRoute122/Route31intersectioninthecenteroftown.

Thetownseeksupgradestoexistingsidewalks.Further,considertheadditionofnew

sidewalks.PaxtonhasrequestedaNeighborhoodSAFEworkshop.Route31(WestStreet),betweentowncenterandSuomiStreet

Thetownseeksupgradestoexistingsidewalksaswellasconsideringnewextensions.

IthasbeenindicatedbytownofficialsthatthewatermainbeneathWestStreetneedstobereplacedandupgraded.Thenewmainwouldalsoneedtobeburieddeeperundertheroadwaysurface.ThisnecessaryutilityworkmustprecedeanyhighwayimprovementssuggestedforRoute31.(AnotheroptionavailabletothetownwouldbetoincludetheutilityupgradesasnonparticipatingworkpaidforbythehostcommunityaspartofapotentialfutureyearTIPproject).

TheRoute31/PaxtonCenterSchoolaccessdriveservesbothschoolandtown

recreationalfacilities.Seektomaintainexistinglinesofsightatthislocation.Route31(WestStreet),betweenSuomiStreetandSpencertownline

Varyingroadwaywidth,somewhatnarrowinplaces.

Culvertinspectionneeded(potentialrepairs/replacement) Largeculvert,southofNaniganRoad Largeculvert,adjacenttoMooreStatePark

Identifiedneedtoeithertrimorremovehazardoustreesandothervegetationwithin

roadwayrightofway.

Upgrade/improveguardrailsalongthissegment,wherenecessary.Someareasinneedofrepairnotedinfield.

PublicTransit

CommunitybeginsflexroutebusserviceincooperationwithtransitproviderWorcesterRegionalTransitAuthority(WRTA).FlexrouteservingAnnaMariaCollegeandthetowncenterinitiatedinlate2013.

12

Otherconcerns

Generalheavyvehicle(truck)trafficvolumesusingRoute31.

Automotivecarriertrucks,manyoriginatinginSpencer/EastBrookfield.(ReferenceNEAGoperatorobservationsfromearliermeeting.)

1.9TownofSpencerIntersectionCongestion

AttheRoute9/MeadowRoad/SouthSpencerRoadintersection,northboundvehiclequeuinglanesareofinsufficientlength.Itissuggestedtoexpand/lengthentheSouthSpencerRoadnorthboundapproachvehiclequeuinglanes.ThisimprovementisnecessarytoaccommodateFLEXcongeneratedtraffic,especiallyduringpeakflowperiods.Currently,vehicleshavebeenobservedtodriveovertheexistingroadwaycurbing.Inaddition,thecommunityhasrequestedanaccessandaccidentstudyforBigYplaza.(ThislocationisoutsidetheCMMPOestablishedCPstudyarea.)

IntersectionSafety

TheRoute31(NorthSpencerRoad)/Route31(PleasantStreet)/MeadowRoad/WireVillageRoadstudyintersectionhascausedsafetyconcernsduetoitsrecentcrashhistory.Inlate2013,thisintersectioncompletedFHWAfundedSTOPsignimprovementsthatfeaturenewsignsandadvancedwarningonallapproaches.TheseimprovementswerescreenedandapprovedbyMassDOT.(AstatewidesummaryofthisworkhasbeenobtainedfortheTechnicalAppendix.)SupplementaladvisorysignsnotingstreetnameshavealsobeeninstalledontheRoute31approachestothisstudylocation.OneofthenewsignsisobstructedbyS12002bridgeposting.Thisjusthappenstobethehighestspeedapproach.

RoadwayCondition

DeterioratingpavementconditionsworsenonSpencersnorthernmostsegmentsofRoute31.AlongthesenortherlysegmentsapproachingthePaxtontownline,themagnitudeandextentofseverealligatorcrackingandruttingbecomesincreasinglylarger.

RoadwayGeometry

AddressthesharpcurveinRoute31justsouthoftheSpencer/Paxtontownline.Substandardroadwaygeometry,canitbemoderatedorstraightenedinsomemanner?Thissiteexhibitslowtravelspeedsduetotheextremelylimitedlinesofsight.

13

Vegetationisalsoencroachingupontheroadway.Potentialimprovementoptionsinclude:

Donothing Spotimprovement Structurerelocation Roadwayrealignment,shortandlong.Needtoexamineparcelmap.

TheMeadowRoadverticalapproachtoRoute31needstoberaisedtoimprovevisibility

approachingandattheintersection.AccessManagement

CurbcutconsolidationandotherAccessManagementimprovementssuggestedforlocalroadsandabuttingprivatepropertiesalonglengthofSpencerstudysection.

Bridge

BridgeNumberS23002,Route31(NorthSpencerRoad)overSevenMileRiver:IdentifiedbyMassDOTasStructurallyDeficient,weightlimitsarepostedforthisbridge.(Referto4/5/2012MassDOTbridgeinspectionreport.)

BridgeNumberS23012,Route31(NorthSpencerRoad)overSevenMileRiver:

Continueddeteriorationofexistingstructure;willrequirefutureyearreplacement,consideredcriticalbytown

Arelatedtopic,therecentlydamagedBridgeNumberS23010,HastingsRoadoverTurkeyHillBrookhascausedthatcrossingtobereducedtoasinglelaneandthereforeisnowanevenworseoptionforanalternatetruckdetour(includingNEAGgeneratedtrucks)whenmoresignificantdeteriorationandloadingproblemseventuallyoccurontheRoute31bridges.TheneedtouselimitedtownfundstorepairthisstructurefurtherreducesthelikelihoodthatthetowncouldaddressdeteriorationontheabovesummarizedRoute31bridges.

Route31,NorthSpencer,undersizedculvertstructureswithpastfloodingissues;there

existspotentialforfuturefloodingoccurrences.Atonelocation,townplanstheinstallationofanewculverttoaddressrecurringfloodingissues.(Seeplanprovidedbycommunity.)

PublicTransit

IthasbeensuggestedthatSpencerHighwayDepartmentpropertyonMeadowRoadcouldbeusedforalongtermfutureFastchargerlocationforelectricbusesor

14

potentialPark&Ridefacility.TheWorcesterRegionalTransitAuthority(WRTA)BusRoute#33couldservesuchaPNRlot.Further,WRTAbusesandothertransitvehiclescoulddwell,orwaitbetweentrips,atthislocationawayfromresidentialareas.Ataminimum,theMeadowRoadimprovementprojectshouldincluderevisedtransitaccommodations

15

ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: HOLDEN


IIdentified Corridor DeficienciesFigure 3

")31

")68

PRINCETON

WORCESTER

WEST BOYLSTON

")122A

RUTLAND

")122A

")31

")12

")140

")31

Raymond H

untington

Highway

STERLING

190

190

190

Manning S

treet

1 in = 0.79 miles

HOLDEN

- Varying roadway widths & minimal shoulder widths (often < 1 foot)- Trees & overgrown vegetation in right-of-way, considered potential vehicle crash hazard-Safety fencing needed near culvert & drainpipe inlets/outlets-General truck & other heavy vehicle use

Route 31 Overall:

Access to Interstate 190 interchange #5 in Sterling

Manning Street - Ray Huntington Highway - Legg Road:

Recent replacement of deteriorated deck & beams.Manning Street Bridge over Trout Brook:

Potential improvements under local review.

Route 31 / Union Street:

Vehicle Crash History Route 31 / Wachusett Street:

Peak period congestion Route 31 / Manning Street:

Peak period congestion, crash history;WRHS traffic.

Route 31 / Route 122A:

Hosted recent Walkable Community /Neighborhood SAFE Project Workshop

Town of Holden:

Limited sight distance at pedestrian crossing.

Colony Homes Senior Housing:

MassDOT 77.3 rating;Functionally Obsolete (FO)Lacks accessible sidewalk on south side.

Route 31 Bridge over P&W Railroad:

No sidewalks exist on either side of the roadway.Route 31, Wong Dynasty to Holden Chapel:

Potential exists for off-street bicycle paths.Dense residential neighborhoods:

Sidewalk network connectivity for pedestrians & bicycles; Envisioned north to Nola Drive, includes Davis Hill Schoolon Jamieson Street.

Route 31 North & South of Route 122A:

Retaining wall structural failure.Old Burial Ground:

Limited sight distance due to vertical curve(Substandard roadway geometry).

Route 31, 50-60 South Road:

Roadway drainage flows untreated into reservoir;No filtering system currently exists.

Route 31 (South Road):

Steep Grades.Route 31:

Lacks formal drainage structures; Storm water runs in "sheet-flow" during storm events.

Route 31 (Paxton Road / South Road, 0.8 mi):

LegendRoute 31 - Holden, Paxton, Spencer

Interstate

Railroad

Other Roadways

State Numbered Routes

Route 31 Corridor Profile Extension

Roadway surface settlement due todrain pipe crossing.

Route 31, 350 - 383 South Road:

16

ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: PAXTON



")31

")122

")56

RUTLAND

LEICESTER

")31

1 in = 0.75 miles

")122

SPENCER

HOLDEN

LegendRoute 31 - Holden, Paxton, SpencerState Route

Other Roadways

Midstate Trail

PAXTONNeed to maintain / preserve major culverts;Adjacent to Moore State Park & South of Nanigan Road.

Route 31 Culverts:

Repair / Upgrade existing sidewalks;Consider new sidewalk extensions.

Route 31 (West Street):

Limited lines of sight;Potential vehicle crash hazard.

Route 31 (Grove Street) / Route 31 (Holden Road):

Peak period congestion. Route 31 / Route 122:

Varying roadway width, too narrow in places;no sidewalks exist.

Route 31 (Maple Street):

Reconstructed in 2002,"Complete Street" design for all users.

Route 31 (Grove Street):

Town seeks CMMPO TIP Project Including-Pavement Reclamation-Drainage Improvements-Bicycle & Pedestrian Accomodation

Route 31 (Holden Road):

Must maintain clear lines of sight. Route 31 / Paxton Center School Drive:

Water main under Route 31 needs replacement;New main must be buried deeper.

Route 31 (West Street):

- Varying roadway widths & minimal shoulder widths (often < 1 foot)- Trees & overgrown vegetation in right-of-way, considered potential vehicle crash hazard-Safety fencing needed near culvert & drainpipe inlets/outlets-General truck & other heavy vehicle use

Route 31 Overall:

- Community requests Walkable Community / Neighborhood SAFE Workshop- Community begins flex route bus service with transit provider WRTA; flex route serving Anna Maria College and the town center started in late 2013.

Town of Paxton:

17

ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: SPENCER



")9

Meadow

Road

")31

")148

")49

NORTH BROOKFIELD

PAXTON

LEICES

TER

EAST

BROO

KFIELD

")9

")9

")31

")31

1 in = 0.75 miles

SPENCER

- Varying roadway widths & minimal shoulder widths (often < 1 foot)- Trees & overgrown vegetation in right-of-way, considered potential vehicle crash hazard-Safety fencing needed near culvert & drainpipe inlets/outlets-General truck & other heavy vehicle use-Need for Access Management

Route 31 Overall:

Town planned installation ofnew culvert to addressrecurring flooding issues.

Route 31, North Spencer:

Substandard roadway geometry, limited lines of sight; Vegetation encroaching

Sharp Curve near Spencer/Paxton Town Line:

"Structurally Deficient" as per MassDOT Posted Weight Limits

Bridge #S-23-002, Route 31 (North Spencer Road)over the Seven Mile River

Community requests Walkable Community/Neighborhood SAFE Project Workshop

Meadow Road:

Transit vehicles for WRTA Bus Route # 33 &other services could dwell at this location;Investigate potential for future Park & Ride facility.

Spencer Highway Department:

Deteriorating pavement conditions,featuring severe alligator cracking & rutting


Recent damage reduced town owned structure to a single lane. Inadequate option for potential truck detours.

Bridge #S-23-010, Hastings Roadover Turkey Hill Brook

Safety concerns with recent crash history, 2013 "STOP" sign improvements includesupplemental advisory signs.

Route 31 (North Spencer Road)/Route 31 (Pleasant Street)/Meadow Road/Wire Village Road

Major employer FLEXcon generates peak period traffic.Northbound vehicle queuing lanes of insufficient length.

Route 9/Meadow Road/South Spencer Road:


Other Roadways


Midstate Trail


Continued deterioration of existing structure.Future year replacement considered critical by town.

Bridge #S-23-012, Route 31 (North Spencer Road)over the Seven Mile RiverFlooding concerns need to be addressed.Past flood problems. Culvert is undersized.


18

2.0 ROUTE31ENVIRONS2.1 HostCommunityLandUseMajorlanduseswereidentifiedbroadlyaspartoftheRoute31CorridorProfileeffort.Thefollowinglistingsprovideasummaryofthemajoremployers,truckinggeneratorsandothersignificantlandusesineachoftheRoute31hostcommunitiesofHolden,PaxtonandSpencer.TheTechnicalAdvisoryCommitteeparticipatedinthecompilationofthesesummaries.Correspondingly,Figures6,7and8showthegenerallocationoftheselandusesforHolden,PaxtonandSpencer.TownofHolden

A. HoldenTrapRock:MassachusettsBrokenStoneCompanyoperatesHoldenTrapRock,aminingsitethathasbeenoperatingsince1938.Thefacilityhassignificantreserves,capableofsupplyingtheneedsoftheircustomersfordecadestocome.ThecompanyhasbeenaninnovatorintheproductionofcrushedstoneaggregateandHotMixAsphalt(HMA).

B. WachusettRegionalHighSchool(WRHS):Amajorregionalhighschoolthatservesthe

townsofHolden,Princeton,Paxton,RutlandandSterling.Also,otherschoolbuildingsforthetownofHoldenarelocatedinvicinityofthetowncenterarea,generatingschoolbusandpersonalvehicletraffic.

C. Municipalbuildings,includingOldBurialGround:Thetownhall,StarbardBuildingand

townlibraryarealllocatedadjacenttotheRoute31intersectionwithRoute122A.TheOldBurialGroundisacrossthestreetfromthetownhall,onthesouthsideofRoute122A.

D. MedicalCenterCentralMA:LongknownasHoldenHospital,thismedicalofficesfacility

hasrecentlybeenrenovatedandexpanded.Thesitegeneratesafairvolumeoftrafficasitcontinuestoservethegreatercommunity.

E. MainStreetcommercialareas:Arangeofcommercial,retail,restaurantandservice

relatedactivitiesarepresentalongHoldensMainStreet(Route122A).MostofthisactivityisconcentratedbetweenRoute31southerlytoShrewsburyStreet.

F. RusticPlaza:PopulardiningvenueValsislocatedinthisplazasettingaswellasacoin

operatedlaundrymat.

G. HoldenCommons:SignificanttrafficgeneratorfeaturingaBigYSupermarketandothershopsincludingaCVSPharmacy,hardwarestore,dollarstoreandanadjacentliquorstore.BigYisthelargestfamilyownedretailfoodcompanyinSouthernNewEngland.

19

H. Churchstructures,includingHoldenChapel:PlacesofworshipexistinthetowncenterareainthevicinityoftheRoute31intersectionwithMainStreet(Route122A).Locatedsouthofthecenter,theHoldenChapelhasaccessdirectlyoffofRoute31inthevicinityofthenewStonybrookEstates.

TownofPaxton

A. TownHighwayDepartment:Largeoperationsandmaintenancefacilityforhighwaydepartmentandothertownservices.

B. SeniorHousingdevelopment:Anewstructurewith50unitsand60parkingspaces,

nownearlycomplete.ThesitedriveislocatedonGroveStreetnorthoftheRoute31(HoldenRoad)intersection.

C. AnnaMariaCollege(AMC)Campus:ACatholic,coeducational,LiberalArtsCollege

withanenrollmentof1,500.FoundedbytheSistersofSaintAnnein1946,AMCislocatedona192acrecampus.

D. Churchstructures:FirstCongregationalChurchandSt.ColumbaParish&rectory.

E. PaxtonCenterSchoolandathleticfields:K8elementaryschoolandadjacentsenior

centeraccommodatedintheWhiteBuilding.

F. Towncentercommercialarea:Includesthehistorictownhallandanumberofsmallbusinesses,includingabank,packagestoreandhairsalon.Asmallmarketandotherbusinessesarelocatedinaplazasetting.

G. WorcesterCountyMemorialPark:Large,plannedmoderncemeteryforallfaiths

locatedonRoute56(RichardsAvenue).LocatedadjacenttotownoperatedMoorelandCemetery.

H. MooreStatePark:Abeautifulandpeaceful671acrehistoriclandscapecombining

archaeologicalsites,waterfalls,cascades,notablestonework,agriculturalfieldsandforestland,aswellasthousandsofrhododendronsandazaleas.TheparkisnamedinmemorialofaRevolutionaryWarheroMajorWillardMoorewhodiedattheBattleofBunkerHill.

TownofSpencer

A. SaintJosephsAbbey:TheAbbeyisacloisteredRomanCatholicmonasteryofmonksoftheCistercianOrderoftheStrictObservance,knownasTrappists.AttheAbbey,facilitiesexistfortheproductionofjelliesandjams.Theseproductshavebeenproducedonsiteformorethan50years.OpenedanewbreweryforspecialTrappiststylebeersandbeganretailproductionfornationwidedistributionin2014.

20

B. BondSand,Gravel&Asphalt:BondhasbeenattheirlocationonRoute31since1972.Bondisopentothegeneralpublicandcaterstobothhomeownersandcontractors.Theyproduceavarietyofqualityaggregateproductsforconstruction,building,landscapinganddevelopmentprojects.Deliveryserviceisavailable;theirfleetincludesthreedumptrailersand7tenwheelerdumptrucks.

C. PineGroveCemetery:HistoriclocalcemeteryadjacenttoSevenmileRiverandSpencer

Fairgrounds.

D. SpencerFairgroundsandAgriculturalCenter:LargeeventsvenuethatincludeshostingamajorannualLaborDayagriculturalfair.

E. PowderMillPark:Atownmaintainedchildrensplaygroundthatisheavilyutilized.

F. MaryQueenofRosaryCemetery:ParishcemeteryoftheMaryQueenofRosaryparish

locatedinSpencer.

G. FLEXcon:FLEXconisanISO9001:2008certifiedmanufacturerofpressuresensitivefilmsandadhesives,headquarteredinSpencer.Thecompanyisaninnovatorincoating,laminating,andfinishingofwidewebrolltorollpolymericmaterials,withexpertiseingraphicsandlabelapplicationsaswellasbonding,barrier,optical,andelectronicsapplications.TheSpencerfacilityemploysapproximately670workers.

H. Route9ShoppingCenter:BigYsupermarketandseveralotherbusinesses.Theplaza

includesdrivethroughfacilitiesforbothDunkinDonutsandabank.BigYisthelargestfamilyownedretailfoodcompanyinSouthernNewEngland.Committedtocustomerservice,BigYoffersworldclassselectionandqualityinaEuropeanmarketstylelayout.

I. EastBrookfield&SpencerRailroad(EBSRR):ThisswitchingrailroadservestheNew

EnglandAutomotiveGateway(NEAG)railtohighwayintermodalfreighttransferfacility.TheNEAGisinthevicinityoftheRoute31corridorstudyarea.SubstantialtrucktrafficisgeneratedbytheNEAG;mostusesRoute49,aportionusesRoute31.

21



IMajor Employers, Trucking Generators and Other Significant Land UsesFigure 6

")31

")68

PRINCETON

WORCESTER

WEST BOYLSTON

")122A

RUTLAND

")122A

")31

")12

")140

")31

Raymond H

untington

HighwaySTERLING

190

190

190

Manning S

treet

1 in = 0.79 miles

HOLDEN

CD

A

BF

H G E

A: Holden Trap RockB: Wachusett Regional High School (WRHS)C: Municipal Buildings, including Old Burial GroundD: Medical Center Central MAE: Main Street Commercial AreasF: Rustic PlazaG: Holden CommonsH: Church Structures, including Holden Chapel


Interstate

Railroad

Other Roadways


A Site Location


22




")31

")122

")56

RUTLAND

LEICESTER

")31

1 in = 0.75 miles

")122

SPENCER

HOLDEN


Other Roadways

Midstate Trail

PAXTON

A: Town Highway DepartmentB: Senior Housing DevelopmentC: Anna Maria College (AMC) CampusD: Church StructuresE: Paxton Center School & Athletic FieldsF: Town Center Commercial AreaG: Worcester County Memorial ParkH: Moore State Park

H

GC

FD

E

B A

Midstate Trail

A Site Location23




")9

Meadow

Road

")31

")148

")49

NORTH BROOKFIELD

OAKHAM

PAXTON

LEICES

TER

EAST

BROO

KFIELD

")9

")9

")31

")31SPENCER

A

B

CDE

HI

FG

1 in = 0.75 miles

Legend

A: Saint Joseph's AbbyB: Bond Sand, Gravel & AsphaltC: Pine Grove CemeteryD: Spencer Fairgrounds & Agricultural CenterE: Powder Mill ParkF: Mary Queen of Rosary CemeteryG: FLEXconH: Route 9 Shopping Center I: East Brookfield & Spencer Railroad (EBSRR)


State Route

Other Roadways

Midstate Trail

A Site Location

Route 31 - Corridor Profile Extension

24

2.2 NaturalEnvironmentMajorWatershedsMajorfeaturesofthenaturalenvironmentwerealsoidentifiedaspartoftheRoute31CorridorProfileeffort.Figure9showsthemajorwatershedareaswithintheRoute31studyarea.Inadditiontomajorwatersheds,thefigurealsoindicatesimpairedwaterwaysinthestudyarea.UndertheCleanWaterAct,states,territories,andauthorizedtribesarerequiredtodeveloplistsofimpairedwaterways.Thesearewatersthataretoopollutedorotherwisedegradedtomeetthewaterqualitystandardssetbystates,territories,orauthorizedtribes.ThelawrequiresthatthesejurisdictionsestablishpriorityrankingsforwatersonthelistsanddevelopaTotalMaximumDailyLoad(TMDL)forthesewaters.ATMDLisacalculationofthemaximumamountofpollutantthatawaterbodycanreceiveandstillsafelymeetwaterqualitystandards.Accordingtothemap,theKendallReservoirinthetownofHoldenretainsitsuse,especiallyasadrinkingwatersupply.InPaxton,theEamesPondandTurkeyHillBrookrequireaTMDL.ThompsonsPond,inthetownofSpencer,isimpaired,butitisnotcausedbyapollutantwhiletheSevenmileRiveralsorequiresaTMDL.EnvironmentalProfilesTypicallyincludedaspartofongoingCorridorProfileefforts,EnvironmentalProfilemapshavebeenpreparedfortheRoute31study.Suchmapsallowtheusertoviewmajorenvironmentalsystems,beyondtheedgeofthestudycorridor,thathaveimpactsonsuchthingsasdrainage,waterqualityandwildlifemigration.Thesemapsofthestudyareashowingmajorenvironmentalfeatureswerecompiledfromthefollowingkeyresources.DepartmentofConservationandRecreation(DCR)ThemissionofDCRistoprotect,promoteandenhanceourcommonwealthofnatural,culturalandrecreationalresources.GeographicDatalayersaremanagedbydivisionswithinDCR.

DivisionofStateParksandRecreationThisdivisionprotectslandandresourcesonprivatelyandmunicipallyheldlandthroughtechnicalassistance,grantandplanningprograms,policydevelopment,andotherservices.

ForestStewardshipProgramThisnonregulatoryprogramisdesignedtohelplandownersprotecttheinherentecosystemvaluesoftheirforest.

DivisionofWaterSupplyProtectionManagesandprotectsthedrinkingwatersupplywatershedsforGreaterBoston.

25

ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILEI

Watersheds and Impaired WatersFigure 9

PAXTON

FRENCH

BLACKSTONE

NASHUA

QUINEBAUG

CHICOPEE190

290

290

395

90

90

SPENCER

HOLDEN

190

1 in = 2 milesLegend

2 - Attaining some uses3 - No uses assessed4A - TMDL is completed4C - Impairment not caused by a pollutant5 - Waters requiring a TMDL

Water Body (Lakes, Estuaries) Category

3 - No uses assessed4A - TMDL is completed4C - Impairment not caused by a pollutant5 - Waters requiring a TMDL

Water Body (Rivers) Category2 - Attaining some uses

- Major Watershed Boundary

26

DepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection(DEP)MassDEPisresponsibleforensuringcleanairandwater,safemanagementandrecyclingofsolidandhazardouswastes,timelycleanupofhazardouswastesitesandspills,andthepreservationofwetlandsandcoastalresources.Itincludes:

DivisionofWatershedManagement(DWM) WatershedPlanningProgram(WPP)Contaminatedwatereliminatesdrinkingwater

supplies,degradesourrecreationalwaterresourcesanddestroyswildlifehabitat.Waterthatdoesnotsoakintothegroundiscalledrunoff.Propermanuremanagementandrunoffmanagementwillprotectorimprovewaterqualityinanycommunityandwatershed.GeographicdatalayersarefromanintegratedlistfromDWMandWPPandinclude: ImpairedWaterways(typicallyduetophosphorous,metals,andpathogensfrom

sewageandfarmingsuseofmanureaswellasothercontaminants) ImpairedWaterbodies MonitoredWaterways ZoneII(WellheadProtectionAreas)

BureauofResourceProtection(BRP)TheWetlandsProtectionActprotectswetlands

andthepublicintereststheyserve,includingfloodcontrol,preventionofpollutionandstormdamage,andprotectionofpublicandprivatewatersupplies,groundwatersupply,fisheries,landcontainingshellfish,andwildlifehabitat.Thesepublicinterestsareprotectedbyrequiringacarefulreviewofproposedworkthatmayalterwetlandsorbufferzones.

NationalHeritage&EndangeredSpeciesProgram(NHESP)TheoverallgoaloftheNHESPistheprotectionofthestate'swiderangeofnativebiologicaldiversity.NHESPisresponsiblefortheconservationandprotectionofhundredsofspeciesthatarenothunted,fished,trapped,orcommerciallyharvestedinthestate.Availablegeographicdatalayersinclude:

CertifiedVernalPools PotentialVernalPools BioMapCoreHabitatThisdepictsthemostviablehabitatsforrarespeciesin

Massachusetts. BioMapSupportingNaturalLandscape PriorityHabitatsofRareSpeciesThesearethegeographicalextentsofhabitatfor

allstatelistedrarespecies,bothplantsandanimals.TheyareofficiallyusedundertheMassachusettsEndangeredSpeciesAct(MESA).

Generatedbycombiningvariousdatalayersfromtheabovelistedagencycontributors,Figures10,11and12wereproduced.Abufferareaofgeneralinterest,amilewideinwidthcenteredonRoute31,isindicated.

27

Alsoproducedaspartofthisstudyeffort,preliminaryEnvironmentalProfileswerepreparedfortwoextensionsoftheCMMPOdefinedRoute31studyarea.ShowninFigure13isanEnvironmentalProfilepreparedforHoldensManningStreet,whichisusedtogainaccessto/fromI190inSterling.Figure14istheprofileforSpencersMeadowRoad,whichissimilarlyusedtogainaccessto/fromRoute9westandnearbyRoute49.Includedintheabovedescribedmaps,allthreetownshavepotentialvernalpools,alsoreferredtoasAreasofCriticalEnvironmentalConcern(ACECs),locatednearthestudycorridorthatneedtobeleftundisrupted.ManywetlandsareincludedinthemilewidebufferareaaroundRoute31,especiallyinthetownsofPaxtonandSpencer.Thepotentialforvariousrarespecieslivinginthesewetlandareasdoesexistandfurtherstudywouldbeneededtodefinetheirextentandwhat,ifany,actionswouldbeoverlydetrimentaltotheircontinuedexistence.TherearealsomanystreamcrossingsonRoute31withinallthreetowns.Withsomeofthesestreamsbeingimpairedwaterways,thereisaneedtobesensitivetotheseenvironmentalconcernswhenplanningfutureroadwayimprovements.TheKendallReservoirinthetownofHoldenisanotedwatersupplyprotectionareawherecaremustbetakentoavoidadverseenvironmentaleffects.Further,alargeportionoftheSevenMileRiverinthehostcommunityofSpencerisdesignatedasaZone2aquiferprotectionareaforSpencerpublicwatersupply(PWS).DrinkingwatersourcewellsincludingBridgeS12002andallriparianareasadjoiningMeadowRoad.Asanoverallobservation,Route31goesthroughvariousenvironmentallysensitiveareas.Inshort,whenimplementingthesuggestedimprovementoptionsselectedbythehostcommunities,caremustbetakentopreventadverseimpactstothesurroundingenvironment.Siltationfences,haybales,othererosioncontrolneedtobeused,evermindfulofnearbyvernalpoolsandothersensitivehabitat.

28

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ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: HOLDEN IEnvironmental ProfileFigure 10

PAXTON

Major Watersheds

")31

")31

")122A

")122A

Asnebumskit Pond

StreeterPond

Pine HillReservoir

DawsonPond

Holden ReservoirNumber 1

Kendall Reservoir ChaffinPond

Bryant Pond

Eagle Lake

StumpPond

Warren Tannery Brook


Route 31 1-Mi Buffer Zone

Streams Intersecting Rt 31

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.60.2Miles

HOLDEN

Rivers & Streams

Blackstone

Nashua

DEP Wetlands (Jan. 2009)

DEP Approved Zone IIs

Waterbodies Intersecting Rt 31

Waterbodies

Towns

NHESP Certified Vernal Poolsjk

Potential Vernal Pools/

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ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: PAXTON IEnvironmental ProfileFigure 11

SPENCER

Warren Tannery Brook

Major Watersheds

")31

")31

HOLDEN

RUTLAND

")56

")56

")122

")122


Route 31 1-Mi Buffer Zone Waterbodies

BLACKSTONE

CHICOPEE

NASHUA

Streams Intersecting Rt 31

0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.20.15Miles

Towns

Turkey Hill Pond

Pine Hill Reservoir

Streeter Pond

Eames Pond

Thompson Pond Kettle Brook Reservoir Number 4

Kettle Brook Reservoir Number 3

PAXTON

Rivers & Streams





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ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: SPENCER IEnvironmental ProfileFigure 12

PAXTON

Major Watersheds

")31

")31

Lake Lashaway

Kittredge Dam Reservoir

Brooks Pond

SugdenReservoir

Lake Whittemore

Horse PondBrook Reservoir

BuckhillPond

ThompsonPond



Streams Intersecting Rt 31Waterbodies

Waterbodies Intersecting Rt 31

")9

")9

")31

CiderMillpond

BurncoatPond

BowningPondEames Pond

LEICESTER

OAKHAM

NORTHBROOKFIELD

EASTBROOKFIELD 0 0.35 0.7 1.05 1.40.175Miles

FRENCH

CHICOPEE

Meadow

Road

Towns

SPENCER

Rivers & Streams





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ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: HOLDEN ICorridor Extension Environmental ProfileFigure 13

190")31

")31

190

Raymond H

untington Hi

ghway

Manning S

treet

")140

")12

")140

")122A

PRINCETONSTERLING

WEST BOYLSTON

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.60.2Miles

HOLDEN

Major WatershedsLegend

Stream crossings

1-Mile Buffer Zone

Route 31 - Holden, Paxton, SpencerRoute 31 1-Mi Buffer Zone

Route 31 Corridor Extension

Waterbodies



Nashua

Rivers & Streams within 1-Mile buffer NHESP Certified Vernal PoolsjkPotential Vernal Pools/

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ROUTE 31 CORRIDOR PROFILE: SPENCER ICorridor Extension Environmental ProfileFigure 14

NORTH BROOKFIELD

EASTBROOKFIELD

")9")9

")9

")49

")31

")31

Meadow

Road

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.1Miles

SPENCER

Major WatershedsLegend

Stream crossings

1-Mile Buffer Zone




Waterbodies

CHICOPEE

RIvers & Streams within 1-Mile buffer

Route 31 Corridor Extension




33

3.0 CONGESTIONMANAGEMENTPROCESS(CMP)3.1 OverviewoftheCentralMassachusettsCMPTheIntermodalSurfaceTransportationEfficiencyActof1991(ISTEA)requiredurbanareasacrossthecountrytoassesstrafficcongestionusingamanagementsystemapproach.Briefly,amanagementsystemapproachisonewhereissuesareidentifiedthroughasystematicprocessofdatacollectionandanalysis,recommendationsaredevelopedtoaddresstheissues,solutionsareimplemented,andtheireffectivenessismonitored.FortheCentralMassachusettsMetropolitanPlanningOrganization(CMMPO),staffatCMRPCbegandevelopingtheregionsCongestionManagementSystem(CMS)in1994.Thefirststepwastoidentifyfocussegments,roadwayswherethetrafficvolumeontheroadwaywasexceedingtheoperationalcapacity.AccordingtotheHighwayCapacityManual,aroadwayscapacityisdefinedasthemaximumhourlyrateatwhichpersonsorvehiclescanreasonablybeexpectedtotraverseapointoruniformsectionofalaneorroadwayduringagiventimeperiodunderprevailingroadway,trafficandcontrolconditions.Beginningin1995,CMRPCstaffproceededtoverifyandmonitorthecongestedconditionsinthefieldbyconductingaseriesoftraveltimeanddelaystudiesalongroadwaysandturningmovementcountsatintersections.ThelocationofthesedatacollectionactivitiescouldbeindicatedbyCMRPCsTrafficDemandModelorassuggestedbyoneofthecommunitiesintheCMRPCregion.The2006Safe,Accountable,Flexible,EfficientTransportationEquityAct:ALegacyforUsers(SAFETEALU)calledfortheCMStobeevolvedintoaCongestionManagementProcess(CMP),withagreaterfocusonimplementationofoperationalimprovementstothehighwaysystemtomitigatecongestion.ThisCorridorProfileprovidesthebaselinedataneededtocoordinatesuchimprovementswiththeMassDOTDistrict#3officeaswellaswiththecommunitiesthroughwhichthehighwaytravels.3.2 DailyTrafficVolumesFigures15through17showlocationsalongRoute31inthetownsofHolden,Paxton,andSpencerwhereCMRPCsetAutomaticTrafficRecorders(ATRs)togatherthevolumeoftraffic.ThemajorityofthelocationswerecompletedinMayof2013.TheATRswereinstalledalongtheroadwayandleftdownforatleast48hours.TherewereelevenlocationscompletedforRoute31,onelocationonManningStreet,andtwolocationsonMeadowRoad.Table2showsthevolumeresultsfromtheRoute31ATRlocations.Asthedatashows,thehighesttrafficvolumesinHoldenarenearRoute122A,droppingsignificantlyatthePaxtontownline.InthetownofPaxton,volumesrangefromahighof6,000betweenHoldenRoadandMapleStreettoalowof3,500attheSpencertownline.InSpencer,volumesarethelowestnorthofHastingsRoadandbetween6,000and7,000fortherestofRoute31.

34



ITraffic Count LocationsFigure 15

")31

")68

PRINCETON

WORCESTER

1 in = 0.79 miles

WEST BOYLSTON

")122A

RUTLAND

")122A

")31

")12

")140

")31

Manning S

treet

Raymond H

untington Hi

ghwaySTERLING

190

190

190

Legend

Interstate

State RouteRoads


ATR

HOLDEN


35




")31

")122

")56

RUTLAND

LEICESTER

")31

1 in = 0.75 miles

HOLDEN

")122

")56

SPENCER

PAXTON

ATR


Roads

36




")9

")31

")148

")49

NORTH BROOKFIELD

OAKHAM

PAXTON

LEICESTER

EAST

BROO

KFIELD

")9

")9

")31

")31

1 in = 0.75 miles


Roads

ATR

Meadow

Road

SPENCER

State Route

Route 31 Corridor Extensions

37

Town ATRLocation Date Volume*

Holden ManningStreet@WestBoylstonTownLine** 5/2/2013 7,050

Route31northofRoute122A 5/2/2013 7,950

Route31southofRoute122A 5/2/2013 12,550

Route31northofReservoirStreet 5/7/2013 7,750

Route31@PaxtonTownLine 5/7/2013 5,575

Paxton Route31(GroveStreet)betweenHoldenRd&MapleSt 5/7/2013 6,375

Route31eastofRoute56 5/7/2013 3,950

Route31westofRoute122 5/7/2013 5,925

Route31westofRoute122*** 4/9/2013 5,900

Route31@SpencerTownLine 5/21/2013 3,525

Spencer Route31southofHastingsRoad 6/6/2013 5,450

Route31northofWireVillageRoad 5/21/2013 7,000

Route31northofWireVillageRoad*** 4/9/2013 6,925

Route31northofRoute9 5/23/2013 5,900

MeadowRoadsouthofRoute31** 5/23/2013 4,600

MeadowRoadnorthofRoute9** 5/23/2013 5,825

*VehiclesPerDay(VPD)**AdditionalATRLocationsRequestedByHostCommunities***RecentMassDOTConductedCountsStatewideTrafficMonitoringEffort

Route31CorridorProfileExistingDailyTrafficVolumes

Table2

38

3.3 Route31TravelTimeandDelayStudiesCMRPCstaffconductedtwotraveltimeanddelaystudiesin2012forthisCorridorProfile.ThetraveltimedatawascollectedbyCMRPCusingaGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)unit.Afterthefielddatawascollected,itwasdownloadedintoTravTimesoftware(developedbyGeoStats)inordertoanalyzethedata.AsindicatedinTable3,travelingfromRoute122AinHoldentoRoute122inPaxtontookaboutanaverageofeightminutesheadingnorthboundorsouthbound.FromRoute122inPaxtontoRoute9inSpencer,ittookabout12minutesineachdirection.

Table3

Route31TravelTimeandDelayStudyResults

PeakPeriod Direction StudyYear Distance TravelTime(averageminutes)

AMHolden/Paxton Southbound 2012 4.7miles 8.2AMHolden/Paxton Northbound 2012 4.7miles 8.6PMHolden/Paxton Southbound 2012 4.7miles 8.6PMHolden/Paxton Northbound 2012 4.7miles 8.1AMPaxton/Spencer Southbound 2012 8.3miles 11.9AMPaxton/Spencer Northbound 2012 8.3miles 12.1PMPaxton/Spencer Southbound 2012 8.3miles 11.8PMPaxton/Spencer Northbound 2012 8.3miles 11.8

Figures18through25illustratethevehiclespeedsforeachseparatenorthboundandsouthboundtripalongRoute31observedin2012.Route31wasanalyzedintwosegments.ThefirstsegmentstartsatRoute122AinHoldenandendsatRoute122inPaxton.TheaveragevehiclespeedobservedforthissegmentofRoute31wasabout35mphinbothdirections.Theslowestvehiclespeedsarenearthestartandendpoints.ThesecondsegmentstartsatRoute122inPaxtonandendsatRoute9inSpencer.Theaveragevehiclespeedforthissegmentisnear40mphinbothdirections.Thereisverylittledelayforthissegmentheadingineitherdirection.TheslowestspeedsarebetweenMeadowRoadandRoute9andnearthePaxtontownline.

39

Fig

ure 18

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iles

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iles

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iles

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iles

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ure 22

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iles

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iles

Rt 9

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ure 24

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47

3.4 Route31IntersectionsExistingPeakHourTrafficVolumesCMRPCconductedTurningMovementCounts(TMCs)atnumerousfocusintersectionsforthisCorridorStudy.Mostcountsweredonein2013,butafewwerecompletedin2011and2012.EveryeffortwasmadetocompletetheseTMCsduringpeakflowmonthswhileschoolwasinsession.Inaddition,abalancingexercisewasconductedtoaccountforboththetypicaladditionandlossoftrafficvolumebetweenadjacentstudyintersectionsduetolocalstreets,sitedrivesservingmajorlanduses,andotherprivatedriveways,aswellasthenaturalstatisticalfluctuationencounteredwhenturningmovementcountsareconductedondifferentdays.ThesebalancedvolumesareindicatedinFigures26to31asexistingAMandPMpeakhourtrafficflows.ThecompleteTMCdatasheetshavebeenprovidedinthedocumentsTechnicalAppendix.

48



IExisting Traffic FlowsAM Peak Hour PeriodFigure 26

")31

")68

PRINCETON

WORCESTER

WEST BOYLSTON

")122A

RUTLAND

")122A

")31

")12

")140

")31

Raymond H

untington

HighwaySTERLING

190

190

190

Manning S

treet

!

!

!

!

ROUT

E 31

ROUTE 122A

55127145

7417728544366133

3875813

ROUTE 31

RESE

RVO

IR S

T

MIX

TER

RD

03688

4169100

4 1 56

1 0 10

HOLDEN

RO

UTE

31

HOLDEN COMMONS

296 64 379

522 9

1 in = 0.79 miles


Interstate


Other Roadways


MANNING ST

ROUTE 31

85 400

109218

25183

49



IExisting Traffic FlowsPM Peak Hour PeriodFigure 27

")31

")68

PRINCETON

WORCESTER

WEST BOYLSTON

")122A

RUTLAND

")122A

")31

")12

")140

")31

Raymond H

untington

HighwaySTERLING

190

190

190

Manning S

treet

!

!

!

!

ROUT

E 31

ROUTE 122A

31274162

16119122982766380

2245368

ROUTE 31

RESE

RVO

IR S

T

MIX

TER

RD

22115

1233185

9 1 115

3 5 11

HOLDEN

RO

UTE

31

HOLDEN COMMONS

443 269 17932

404 32

1 in = 0.79 miles


Interstate


Other Roadways


MANNING ST

ROUTE 31

74355

219 224

35113

50


Source: Data provided by the US Census Bureau, Central Massachsuetts Regional Planning C

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