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Roy Lichtenstein 1 Roy Lichtenstein Roy Lichtenstein Roy Lichtenstein, 1985 Birth name Roy Fox Lichtenstein [1] Born October 27, 1923Manhattan, New York, U.S. Died September 29, 1997 (aged 73)Manhattan, New York, U.S. Nationality American Field Painting, Sculpture Training Ohio State University Movement Pop Art Roy Lichtenstein (October 27, 1923 September 29, 1997) was a prominent American pop artist. During the 1960s his paintings were exhibited at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York City and along with Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, James Rosenquist and others he became a leading figure in the new art movement. His work defined the basic premise of pop art better than any other through parody. [2] Favoring the old-fashioned comic strip as subject matter, Lichtenstein produced hard-edged, precise compositions that documented while it parodied often in a tongue-in-cheek humorous manner. His work was heavily influenced by both popular advertising and the comic book style. He himself described Pop Art as, "not 'American' painting but actually industrial painting". [3] Early years Roy Lichtenstein was born in Manhattan into an upper-middle-class New York City [1] family and attended public school until the age of 12. He then enrolled at Manhattan's Franklin School for Boys, remaining there for his secondary education. [1] Art was not included in the school's curriculum; Lichtenstein first became interested in art and design as a hobby. [4] He was an avid jazz fan, often attending concerts at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. [4] He frequently drew portraits of the musicians playing their instruments. [4] After graduation from Franklin, Lichtenstein enrolled in summer classes at the Art Students League of New York, where he worked under the tutelage of Reginald Marsh. [3] Lichtenstein then left New York to study at the Ohio State University, which offered studio courses and a degree in fine arts. [1] His studies were interrupted by a three-year stint in the army during and after World War II between 1943 and 1946. [1] Lichtenstein returned home to visit his dying father and was discharged from the army under the G.I. Bill. [4] He returned to studies in Ohio under the supervision of one of his teachers, Hoyt L. Sherman, who is widely regarded to have had a significant impact on his future work (Lichtenstein would later name a new studio he funded at OSU as the Hoyt L. Sherman Studio Art Center). [5] Lichtenstein entered the graduate program at Ohio State and was hired as an art instructor, a post he held on and off for the next ten years. In 1949 Lichtenstein received
Transcript
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Roy Lichtenstein 1

Roy Lichtenstein

Roy Lichtenstein

Roy Lichtenstein, 1985Birth name Roy Fox Lichtenstein[1]

Born October 27, 1923Manhattan, New York, U.S.

Died September 29, 1997 (aged 73)Manhattan, New York, U.S.

Nationality American

Field Painting, Sculpture

Training Ohio State University

Movement Pop Art

Roy Lichtenstein (October 27, 1923 – September 29, 1997) was a prominent American pop artist. During the 1960shis paintings were exhibited at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York City and along with Andy Warhol, JasperJohns, James Rosenquist and others he became a leading figure in the new art movement. His work defined the basicpremise of pop art better than any other through parody. [2] Favoring the old-fashioned comic strip as subject matter,Lichtenstein produced hard-edged, precise compositions that documented while it parodied often in atongue-in-cheek humorous manner. His work was heavily influenced by both popular advertising and the comicbook style. He himself described Pop Art as, "not 'American' painting but actually industrial painting".[3]

Early yearsRoy Lichtenstein was born in Manhattan into an upper-middle-class New York City[1] family and attended publicschool until the age of 12. He then enrolled at Manhattan's Franklin School for Boys, remaining there for hissecondary education.[1] Art was not included in the school's curriculum; Lichtenstein first became interested in artand design as a hobby.[4] He was an avid jazz fan, often attending concerts at the Apollo Theater in Harlem.[4] Hefrequently drew portraits of the musicians playing their instruments.[4] After graduation from Franklin, Lichtensteinenrolled in summer classes at the Art Students League of New York, where he worked under the tutelage ofReginald Marsh.[3]

Lichtenstein then left New York to study at the Ohio State University, which offered studio courses and a degree in fine arts.[1] His studies were interrupted by a three-year stint in the army during and after World War II between 1943 and 1946.[1] Lichtenstein returned home to visit his dying father and was discharged from the army under the G.I. Bill.[4] He returned to studies in Ohio under the supervision of one of his teachers, Hoyt L. Sherman, who is widely regarded to have had a significant impact on his future work (Lichtenstein would later name a new studio he funded at OSU as the Hoyt L. Sherman Studio Art Center).[5] Lichtenstein entered the graduate program at Ohio State and was hired as an art instructor, a post he held on and off for the next ten years. In 1949 Lichtenstein received

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Roy Lichtenstein 2

a M.F.A. degree from the Ohio State University and in the same year married Isabel Wilson who was previouslymarried to Ohio artist Michael Sarisky (Isabel divorced Roy Lichtenstein in 1965).[6] In 1951 Lichtenstein had hisfirst one-man exhibition at the Carlebach Gallery in New York.[1] [7]

He moved to Cleveland in the same year, where he remained for six years, although he frequently traveled back toNew York. During this time he undertook jobs as varied as a draftsman to a window decorator in between periods ofpainting.[1] His work at this time fluctuated between Cubism and Expressionism.[4] In 1954 his first son, David HoytLichtenstein, now a songwriter, was born. He then had his second son, Mitchell Lichtenstein in 1956.[3] In 1957 hemoved back to upstate New York and began teaching again.[3] It was at this time that he adopted the AbstractExpressionism style, a late convert to this style of painting.[4] From 1970 until his death, Lichtenstein split his timebetween New York city and a house near the beach in Southampton.[8]

Rise to fame

Drowning Girl (1963). On display at the Museumof Modern Art, New York.

Lichtenstein began teaching in upstate New York at the StateUniversity of New York at Oswego in 1958. However, the brutalupstate winters were taking a toll on him and his wife.[9]

In 1960, he started teaching at Rutgers University where he washeavily influenced by Allan Kaprow, who was also a teacher at theUniversity. This environment helped reignite his interest in Proto-popimagery.[1] In 1961 Lichtenstein began his first pop paintings usingcartoon images and techniques derived from the appearance ofcommercial printing. This phase would continue to 1965, and includedthe use of advertising imagery suggesting consumerism andhomemaking.[4] His first work to feature the large-scale use ofhard-edged figures and Ben-Day dots was Look Mickey (1961,National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.).[6] This piece came from achallenge from one of his sons, who pointed to a Mickey Mouse comicbook and said; "I bet you can't paint as good as that, eh, Dad?"[10] In the same year he produced six other works withrecognizable characters from gum wrappers and cartoons.[11] In 1961 Leo Castelli started displaying Lichtenstein'swork at his gallery in New York. Lichtenstein had his first one-man show at the Castelli gallery in 1962; the entirecollection was bought by influential collectors before the show even opened.[1] In September 1963 he took a leave ofabsence from his teaching position at Douglass College at Rutgers.[12]

Fame

It was at this time, that Lichtenstein began to find fame not just in America but worldwide. He moved back to NewYork to be at the center of the art scene and resigned from Rutgers University in 1964 to concentrate on hispainting.[4] Lichtenstein used oil and Magna paint in his best known works, such as Drowning Girl (1963), whichwas appropriated from the lead story in DC Comics' Secret Hearts #83. (Drowning Girl now hangs in the Museumof Modern Art, New

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Roy Lichtenstein 3

The Head (1992), Barcelona.

York.[4] ) Also featuring thick outlines, bold colors and Ben-Day dotsto represent certain colors, as if created by photographic reproduction.Lichtenstein would say of his own work: Abstract Expressionists "putthings down on the canvas and responded to what they had done, to thecolor positions and sizes. My style looks completely different, but thenature of putting down lines pretty much is the same; mine just don'tcome out looking calligraphic, like Pollock's or Kline's."[13]

Rather than attempt to reproduce his subjects, his work tackled the waymass media portrays them. Lichtenstein would never take himself tooseriously however: "I think my work is different from comic strips- butI wouldn't call it transformation; I don't think that whatever is meant byit is important to art".[3] When his work was first released, many artcritics of the time challenged its originality. More often than not theywere making no attempt to be positive. Lichtenstein responded to suchclaims by offering responses such as the following: "The closer mywork is to the original, the more threatening and critical the content.However, my work is entirely transformed in that my purpose andperception are entirely different. I think my paintings are criticallytransformed, but it would be difficult to prove it by any rational line ofargument".[3]

Whaam! (1963). Magna on Canvas. On display at Tate Modern, London.

His most famous image is arguably Whaam!(1963, Tate Modern, London[14] ), one ofthe earliest known examples of pop art,adapted a comic-book panel from a 1962issue of DC Comics' All-American Men ofWar.[15] The painting depicts a fighteraircraft firing a rocket into an enemy plane,with a red-and-yellow explosion. Thecartoon style is heightened by the use of theonomatopoeic lettering "Whaam!" and the

boxed caption "I pressed the fire control... and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky..." This diptych is large inscale, measuring 1.7 x 4.0 m (5 ft 7 in x 13 ft 4 in).[14]

Original comic book panel from All-AmericanMen of War #89, 1962 (DC Comics)

Most of his best-known artworks are relatively close, but not exact,copies of comic book panels, a subject he largely abandoned in 1965.(He would occasionally incorporate comics into his work in differentways in later decades.) These panels were originally drawn by suchcomics artists as Jack Kirby and DC Comics artists Russ Heath, TonyAbruzzo, Irv Novick, and Jerry Grandenetti, who rarely received anycredit. Jack Cowart, executive director of the Lichtenstein Foundation,contests the notion that Lichtenstein was a copyist, saying: "Roy'swork was a wonderment of the graphic formulae and the codificationof sentiment that had been worked out by others. The panels were changed in scale, color, treatment, and in theirimplications. There is no exact copy."[16] However, some[17] have been critical of Lichtenstein's use of comic-book

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Roy Lichtenstein 4

imagery, especially insofar as that use has been seen as endorsement of a patronizing view of comic by the artmainstream;[17] noted comics author Art Spiegelman commented that "Lichtenstein did no more or less for comicsthan Andy Warhol did for soup."[17]

In 1967, his first museum retrospective exhibition was held at the Pasadena Art Museum in California. Also in thisyear, his first solo exhibition in Europe was held at museums in Amsterdam, London, Bern and Hannover.[6] Hemarried his second wife, Dorothy Herzka in 1968.[6]

In the 1970s and 1980s, his style began to loosen and he expanded on what he had done before. He produced a seriesof "Artists Studios" which incorporated elements of his previous work. A notable example being Artist's Studio,Look Mickey (1973, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis) which incorporates five other previous works, fitted into thescene.[1]

In the late 1970s, this style was replaced with more surreal works such as Pow Wow (1979, Ludwig Forum fürInternationale Kunst, Aachen).In 1977, he was commissioned by BMW to paint a Group 5 Racing Version of the BMW 320i for the thirdinstallment in the BMW Art Car Project.In addition to paintings, he also made sculptures in metal and plastic including some notable public sculptures suchas Lamp in St. Mary’s, Georgia in 1978, and over 300 prints, mostly in screenprinting.[18]

In 1996 the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. became the largest single repository of the artist's workwhen he donated 154 prints and 2 books. In total there are some 4,500 works thought to be in circulation.[1]

He died of pneumonia in 1997[10] at New York University Medical Center.He was survived by his second wife, Dorothy, and by his sons, David and Mitchell, from his first marriage. TheDreamWorks Records logo was his last completed project.[1] "I'm not in the business of doing anything like that (acorporate logo) and don't intend to do it again," allows Lichtenstein. "But I know Mo Ostin and David Geffen and itseemed interesting."[19]

RelevancePop art continues to influence the 21st century. Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol were used in U2's 1997, 1998PopMart Tour and in an exhibition in 2007 at the British National Portrait Gallery.Among many other works of art destroyed in the World Trade Center attacks on September 11, 2001, a paintingfrom Lichtenstein’s The Entablature Series was destroyed in the subsequent fire.[20]

His work Crying Girl was one of the artworks brought to life in Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian.

Posthumous salesHis painting Torpedo...Los! sold at Christie's for $5.5 million in 1989, a record sum at the time, making him one ofonly three living artists to have attracted such huge sums.[6]

In 2005, In the Car was sold for a then record $16.2m (£10m).His cartoon-style 1964 painting "Ohhh . . . Alright . . ." was sold at a record $42.6m (£26.4m) at a sale at Christies inNew York, [21] on 11 November 2010. [22]

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Awards• 1995 National Medal of the Arts, Washington D.C.• 1995 Kyoto Prize, Inamori Foundation, Kyoto, Japan.• 1993 Amici de Barcelona, from Mayor Pasqual Maragall, L’Alcalde de Barcelona.• 1991 Creative Arts Award in Painting, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.• 1989 American Academy in Rome, Rome, Italy. Artist in residence.• 1979 American Academy of Arts and Letters, New York.• 1977 Skowhegan Medal for Painting, Skowhegan School, Skowhegan, Maine.

References[1] Clare Bell. "The Roy Lichtenstein Foundation - Chronology" (http:/ / www. lichtensteinfoundation. org/ lfchron1. htm). . Retrieved

2007-11-12.[2] Arnason, H., History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1968.[3] Coplans, John (1972). Roy Lichtenstein. Interviews, p55, 30, 31.[4] Hendrickson, Janis (1993). Lichtenstein. pp. 94.[5] The Ohio State University. "Sculpture. Facilities" (http:/ / art. osu. edu/ ?p=ds_facilities). . Retrieved 2007-11-12.[6] Alloway, Lawrence (1983). Roy Lichtenstein. pp. 113.[7] Clare Bell. "Roy Lichtenstein Exhibitions..... 1946-2009" (http:/ / www. lichtensteinfoundation. org/ solexint. htm). . Retrieved 2009-12-08.[8] Julianelli, Jane (1997-02-02). "Actor Finds That His Roles Walk on the Darker Side of Life" (http:/ / select. nytimes. com/ gst/ abstract.

html?res=F10F10F93C590C718CDDAB0894DF494D81). New York Times. .[9] Gayford, Martin (2004-02-25). "Whaam! Suddenly Roy was the darling of the art world" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ arts/ main.

jhtml?xml=/ arts/ 2004/ 02/ 25/ baroy23. xml). The Daily Telegraph (London). . Retrieved 2007-11-12.[10] Lucie-Smith, Edward (September 1, 1999). Lives of the Great 20th-Century Artists. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0500237397.[11] Lobel, Michael (2002). Image Duplicator. pp. 33.[12] Joan M Marter, Off limits: Rutgers University and the Avant-Garde 1957-1963, Rutgers University Press, 1999, p37. ISBN 0-8135-2610-8[13] Kimmelman, Michael (1997-09-30). "Roy Lichtenstein, Pop Master, Dies at 73" (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage.

html?res=9B03E0DF103AF933A0575AC0A961958260& sec=& spon=& pagewanted=3). New York Times. . Retrieved 2007-11-12.[14] Lichtenstein, Roy. "Whaam!" (http:/ / www. tate. org. uk/ servlet/ ViewWork?workid=8782). Tate Collection. . Retrieved 2008-01-27.[15] Lichtenstein, Roy. "Whaam!" (http:/ / www. image-duplicator. com/ main. php?decade=60& year=63& work_id=137). Roy Lichtenstein

Foundation website. . Retrieved 2009-09-12.[16] Beam, Alex (October 18, 2006). "Lichtenstein: creator or copycat?" (http:/ / www. boston. com/ news/ globe/ living/ articles/ 2006/ 10/ 18/

lichtenstein_creator_or_copycat/ ) (Web). Editorial. Boston.com. . Retrieved 2007-07-16.[17] Sanderson, Peter. "Art Spiegelman Goes to College" (http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ article/ 406197-Spiegelman_Goes_to_College.

php). Publishers Weekly. . Retrieved 2010-03-26.[18] Corlett, Mary Lee. The prints of Roy Lichtenstein, a catalogue raisonné, 1948-1997 2nd ed. (New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2002).[19] http:/ / www. highbeam. com/ doc/ 1G1-18598870. html[20] Kelly Devine Thomas (November 2001). "Aftershocks" (http:/ / www. artnews. com/ issues/ article. asp?art_id=1005). ARTnews. .

Retrieved 2008-09-13.[21] "Roy Lichtenstein painting fetches $42.6m at auction" (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ entertainment-arts-11732551). BBC News. 11

November 2010. . Retrieved 2010-11-11.[22] Bloomberg Business Week, Lichtenstein’s $43 Million Pouting Redhead Helps Revive Market (http:/ / www. businessweek. com/ news/

2010-11-11/ lichtenstein-s-43-million-pouting-redhead-helps-revive-market. html) Retrieved November 11, 2010

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Further reading• Roy Lichtenstein by Janis Hendrickson - ISBN 3-8228-0281-6• The Prints of Roy Lichtenstein: A Catalogue Raisonné 1948-1997 by Mary L. Corlett - ISBN 1-55595-196-1• Roy Lichtenstein (Modern Masters Series, Vol. 1) by Lawrence Alloway - ISBN 0-89659-331-2• Roy Lichtenstein Interview with Chris Hunt Image Entertainment video, 1991• Roy Lichtenstein Interview with Melvyn Bragg video• Off Limits: Rutgers University and the Avant-Garde, 1957-1963 - Ed. Joan Marter - ISBN 0-8135-2609-4• Roy Lichtenstein's ABC's by Bob Adelman - ISBN 978-0-8212-2591-2• Roy Lichtenstein Drawings and Prints 1970 Chelsea House publishers, introduction by Diane Waldman

External links• Roy Lichtenstein Foundation (http:/ / www. lichtensteinfoundation. org/ )• Roy Lichtenstein (http:/ / www. moma. org/ collection/ artist. php?artist_id=3542) at the Museum of Modern Art• Roy Lichtenstein Image Duplicator (http:/ / www. image-duplicator. com/ main. php)• The Art Archive: Roy Lichtenstein (http:/ / www. artchive. com/ artchive/ L/ lichtenstein. html)• Deconstructing Roy Lichtenstein (http:/ / davidbarsalou. homestead. com/ LICHTENSTEINPROJECT. html)

(sources for Lichtenstein's comic-book paintings)• Inside Roy Lichtenstein's Studio 1990-92 (http:/ / www. lensculture. com/ lambrecht. html)• Roy Lichtenstein (http:/ / www. findagrave. com/ cgi-bin/ fg. cgi?page=gr& GRid=8870256) at Find a Grave• Roy Lichtenstein (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ slideshow/ 2010/ 09/ 23/ arts/ design/ 20100924-lich.

html?ref=multimedia) - slideshow by The New York Times• 1977 BMW 320i with special paintjob by Roy Lichtenstein (http:/ / www. usautoparts. net/ bmw/ artcars/

art_lichtenstein. htm)• Roy Lichtenstein's public artwork at Times Square-42nd Street, commissioned by MTA Arts for Transit. (http:/ /

www. mta. info/ mta/ aft/ permanentart/ permart. html?agency=NYCT& line=P& station=2& artist=1)• Roy Lichtenstein: Pop Art's Most Popular; His Whimsical Paintings Once Evoked the "Shock of the New"; Now

They Evoke Record Prices on the Auction Block (http:/ / www. cbsnews. com/ stories/ 2011/ 01/ 30/ sunday/main7298927. shtml)

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Article Sources and Contributors 7

Article Sources and ContributorsRoy Lichtenstein  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=427018527  Contributors: 1exec1, 21655, 5alacreamu799999, 5dots, 62 Misfit, 97198, ABF, ACBest, Aberglaube,Addshore, AdultSwim, Afrosamuri1, AgnosticPreachersKid, Aitias, Aka, Alansohn, Alaphent, Alex.muller, AlexGWU, Alexbuirds, All Hallow's Wraith, Allstar86, Alsandro, Amalas, Anclation,Andonic, Andy M. Wang, Andycjp, Angelsfreeek, Angusmclellan, Anna Lincoln, Anonymous anonymous, Antandrus, AnyPerson, Aranau, ArielGold, Armando Navarro, Arniep, Artmasterpiece, Ary29, Avnjay, Avoided, BIG RIGS IS THE BEST, Baa, Bam123456789, Banes, Bardak, Barneyboo, BarroColorado, Batti12, Bbsrock, BenB4, BenTrotsky, Benplowman, Bevo74,Bhadani, Big Smooth, Bigger digger, Bigtimepeace, Bobo192, Boogerbrain, Brenont, Burner0718, Bus stop, Butterscotch, Byrial, Caleson, Calliopejen1, Calmer Waters, CambridgeBayWeather,Cameezee, Camembert, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Capricorn42, Catgut, Cbernasc, Cbrown1023, Cbustapeck, Ceoil, Chamal N, Chcknwnm, Chevymontecarlo, Chris the speller, Chrislk02,Chuck4dd, Ciennasummer, Cjbeckwith, Clementina, CliffC, Coffee, Colonies Chris, Corpx, Cosmic dancer, Courcelles, Crazy Boris with a red beard, CryptoDerk, Cuchullain, CzarB, D, D6,DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DVD R W, Da monster under your bed, Daidan3211, Dale908, Danie Tei, Danny, Darz Mol, DatRoot, David Shankbone, 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X.69, Xhienne, Yamaguchi先生, ZX81, Zanaq, Zawicki, Zephyrus67, Zidane tribal, Zoicon5, Zomno, ZooFari, Zzuuzz, یمانanonymous edits 1552 ,یشاک

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Roy Lichtenstein.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roy_Lichtenstein.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Plrk, 2 anonymous editsFile:Roy Lichtenstein Drowning Girl.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roy_Lichtenstein_Drowning_Girl.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Artaxerex, Eceresa,FirstPrinciples, Limideen, Modernist, Plrk, Sparkit, Stoshmaster, Vipinhari, Vrenator, Weirdy, 13 anonymous editsFile:La Cara de Barcelona - 001.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:La_Cara_de_Barcelona_-_001.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:MutariFile:Roy Lichtenstein Whaam.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roy_Lichtenstein_Whaam.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Accurizer, Gilliam, Ham27,Holiday56, MarvinCZ, Modernist, Plrk, Xdamr, 12 anonymous editsFile:Roy Lichtenstein Whamm Original and Lichtenstein Derivative.gif  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roy_Lichtenstein_Whamm_Original_and_Lichtenstein_Derivative.gif  License: unknown  Contributors: ObsessiveMathsFreak, Pieter Kuiper,Skier Dude, Ww2censor, 3 anonymous edits

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