Royal Power Grows Chapter 8 Sect 1. Royal Power Grows I. High Middle Ages (1000-1300) A. Monarchs...

Royal Power GrowsRoyal Power Grows

Chapter 8 Sect 1Chapter 8 Sect 1


I.I. High Middle Ages (1000-1300)High Middle Ages (1000-1300)

A.A. Monarchs began to centralize powerMonarchs began to centralize power

B.B. Set up a system of royal justice.Set up a system of royal justice.

C.C. Created their own armies and tax Created their own armies and tax systems systems

D.D. Started appealing more to the Started appealing more to the middle middle classclass for support. for support.


II.II. William of NormandyWilliam of NormandyA.A. Conquered England by raising an army and Conquered England by raising an army and

getting support from the Pope. (1066)getting support from the Pope. (1066)B.B. Granted land to the ChurchGranted land to the ChurchC.C. Took a census in 1086 called the Took a census in 1086 called the

“Domesday Book”“Domesday Book”1.1. Listed every castle, field, and building in Listed every castle, field, and building in

England.England.2.2. Help build a system of tax collections and Help build a system of tax collections and

treasuries.treasuries.


Royal Power GrowsRoyal Power GrowsIII.III. Henry IIHenry II

A.A. Expanded law in England by accepting Expanded law in England by accepting customs as law. customs as law.

B.B. Common Law-Common Law-Legal system based on Legal system based on customs and court rulings.customs and court rulings.

1.1. Applied these rules to EVERYONE, not just the Applied these rules to EVERYONE, not just the upper class.upper class.

C.C. Developed an early jury systemDeveloped an early jury system

D.D. Caused a bitter dispute w/ the church Caused a bitter dispute w/ the church (p.246)(p.246)

Royal Power GrowsRoyal Power GrowsIV.IV. King JohnKing John

A.A. Lost battles with King Phillip II of France, Lost battles with King Phillip II of France, Pope Innocent III, and many of his own Pope Innocent III, and many of his own English Nobles.English Nobles.

B.B. English Nobles forced him to sign English Nobles forced him to sign MAGNA MAGNA CARTACARTA in 1215. in 1215.

1.1. Granted certain rights to citizens in England and Granted certain rights to citizens in England and placed rules on the Monarchplaced rules on the Monarch

2.2. Due Process-Due Process- Government cannot take away Government cannot take away your rights without a trial.your rights without a trial.

3.3. Habeas Corpus-Habeas Corpus- You cannot be held in prison You cannot be held in prison without being charged of a crime without being charged of a crime

Royal Power GrowsRoyal Power GrowsV.V. ParliamentParliament

A.A. House of Lords-House of Lords- made up of nobles and made up of nobles and high clergy.high clergy.

B.B. House of Commons-House of Commons- Knights and middle Knights and middle class. (King Edward in 1295)class. (King Edward in 1295)

C.C. Limited the power of the KingLimited the power of the King1.1. King had to meet Parliaments demands before King had to meet Parliaments demands before

they would sign things for him. (Known as they would sign things for him. (Known as “power of the purse”)“power of the purse”)


VI.VI. Capetian KingsCapetian KingsA.A. Hugh Capet-Hugh Capet- Made the French throne Made the French throne

hereditary.hereditary.B.B. Built a bureaucracy and collected taxes to Built a bureaucracy and collected taxes to

strengthen the thronestrengthen the throne

VII.VII. Phillip AugustusPhillip AugustusA.A. Paid middle class officials for loyaltyPaid middle class officials for loyaltyB.B. Chartered new towns and introduced a Chartered new towns and introduced a

national tax.national tax.C.C. Conquered land from England and was the Conquered land from England and was the

most powerful ruler in Europemost powerful ruler in Europe

Royal Power GrowsRoyal Power GrowsVIII.VIII. Louis IXLouis IX

A.A. Very religious and persecuted those who Very religious and persecuted those who went against the churchwent against the church

B.B. He expanded royal courts and created a He expanded royal courts and created a strong national feeling among his subjects.strong national feeling among his subjects.

C.C. After a struggle with the Pope, he created After a struggle with the Pope, he created the Estates General in 1302. the Estates General in 1302.

D.D. The Estates General was made up of 3 The Estates General was made up of 3 classes:classes:

1.1. ClergyClergy2.2. NoblesNobles3.3. TownspeopleTownspeople

Royal Power GrowsRoyal Power GrowsLouis IXLouis IX

Section 8.1 ReviewSection 8.1 Review1.1. During the High Middle Ages, the balance During the High Middle Ages, the balance

of power shifted from the people to whom?of power shifted from the people to whom?2.2. Who required everyone to swear allegiance Who required everyone to swear allegiance

to him?to him?3.3. What was Henry II’s greatest What was Henry II’s greatest

accomplishment?accomplishment?4.4. Which French King led a series of Which French King led a series of

“Crusades”?“Crusades”?5.5. Which term means you cannot be Which term means you cannot be

imprisoned without being charged of a imprisoned without being charged of a crime?crime?

Section 8 ReviewSection 8 Review

1.1. During the High Middle Ages, the During the High Middle Ages, the balance of power shifted from the people balance of power shifted from the people to whom?to whom?

1.1. The monarchsThe monarchs

2.2. Who required everyone to swear Who required everyone to swear allegiance to him?allegiance to him?

2.2. William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

Section 8 ReviewSection 8 Review3.3. What was Henry II’s greatest What was Henry II’s greatest

accomplishment?accomplishment?3.3. Developing a unified legal systemDeveloping a unified legal system

4.4. Which French King led a series of Which French King led a series of “Crusades”?“Crusades”?

4.4. Louis IXLouis IX

5.5. Which term means you cannot be imprisoned Which term means you cannot be imprisoned without being charged of a crime?without being charged of a crime?

5.5. Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus

Section 2Section 2

The Holy Roman Empire and the The Holy Roman Empire and the ChurchChurch

(926 A.D.-1806 A.D.)(926 A.D.-1806 A.D.)

VocabVocab

Holy Roman Empire-Holy Roman Empire- The empire of west The empire of west central Europe from 962 to 1806, central Europe from 962 to 1806, comprising present day Germany and comprising present day Germany and neighboring lands. neighboring lands.

Henry IV-Henry IV- King of Germany who became King of Germany who became Holy Roman emperor. He was Holy Roman emperor. He was excommunicated from the church by excommunicated from the church by Gregory VII.Gregory VII.

VocabVocab

Pope Gregory VII-Pope Gregory VII- made many reforms made many reforms that people did not like. He banned the that people did not like. He banned the practice of lay investiture and practice of lay investiture and excommunicated Henry IV. excommunicated Henry IV.

Lay investiture-Lay investiture- appointment of bishops by appointment of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy. anyone who is not a member of the clergy.

Frederick Barbarrosa-Frederick Barbarrosa- Holy Roman Holy Roman emperor who tried to bring all of Italy emperor who tried to bring all of Italy under his controlunder his control

VocabVocab

Pope Innocent III-Pope Innocent III- He claimed supremacy He claimed supremacy over all rulers. He launched a crusade in over all rulers. He launched a crusade in France in 1209.France in 1209.

Holy Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire and the ChurchChurch

I.I. Otto IOtto IA.A. Took the title of the King of GermanyTook the title of the King of Germany

1.1. Worked very closely with the ChurchWorked very closely with the Church

2.2. 962- Crowned as the first emperor of the Holy 962- Crowned as the first emperor of the Holy Roman EmpireRoman Empire

3.3. German emperors had their vassals rule the German emperors had their vassals rule the land but could not control them land but could not control them

4.4. They battled popes over the appointment of They battled popes over the appointment of bishops within the areas.bishops within the areas.


II.II. Feuds between Popes and EmperorsFeuds between Popes and EmperorsA.A. Pope Gregory VII wanted the Church Pope Gregory VII wanted the Church

independent of secular rule.independent of secular rule.1.1. Ended Ended Lay Investiture-Lay Investiture-Process of Kings or lords Process of Kings or lords

appointing or “investing” in bishops appointing or “investing” in bishops

B.B. Henry IV-Argued he could appoint bishops Henry IV-Argued he could appoint bishops since they were on his fiefs (lands).since they were on his fiefs (lands).

1.1. German princes undermined Henry and support German princes undermined Henry and support the pope.the pope.

C.C. Gregory VII-Excommunicated Henry IV and Gregory VII-Excommunicated Henry IV and tried to crown a new emperor tried to crown a new emperor



1.1. Henry confessed as a sinner to be forgiven so Henry confessed as a sinner to be forgiven so he could retake control of Germany.he could retake control of Germany.

2.2. Led an army to Rome to exile the Pope.Led an army to Rome to exile the Pope.

D.D. Concordat of Worms-Concordat of Worms- Church elected and Church elected and installed bishops. Emperors still gave them installed bishops. Emperors still gave them fiefs.fiefs.

III.III. Struggle for ItalyStruggle for ItalyA.A. Frederick I (Barbarossa) tried to bring the Frederick I (Barbarossa) tried to bring the

wealthy cities of Italy under his rulewealthy cities of Italy under his rule1.1. Could never accomplish this because the Could never accomplish this because the

Italians fought back and joined the Lombard Italians fought back and joined the Lombard League.League.


Frederick I (Barbarossa)Frederick I (Barbarossa)


2.2. Arranged a marriage between his son and the Arranged a marriage between his son and the heiress of Sicily.heiress of Sicily.

3.3. Frederick II (son of Frederick I) tried to take over Frederick II (son of Frederick I) tried to take over Italy but failed.Italy but failed.

B.B. German nobles grew independent while he German nobles grew independent while he focused on Italy.focused on Italy.

C.C. Italy turned to the French to get rid of Italy turned to the French to get rid of Frederick’s heirs.Frederick’s heirs.

1.1. A local uprising against French rule led to 200 A local uprising against French rule led to 200 years of fighting which completely destroyed the years of fighting which completely destroyed the city.city.


IV.IV. Church Power Reaches Its HeightChurch Power Reaches Its HeightA.A. Pope Innocent III took control in 1198.Pope Innocent III took control in 1198.

1.1. Claimed supremacy over all rulers.Claimed supremacy over all rulers.

B.B. Waged a holy war against heretics of S. Waged a holy war against heretics of S. France. (Albigensians)France. (Albigensians)

1.1. Tens of thousands of people were slaughtered.Tens of thousands of people were slaughtered.2.2. Strengthened the Church’s power.Strengthened the Church’s power.

C.C. Innocent also reformed the churchInnocent also reformed the churchD.D. After his death, French & English monarchs After his death, French & English monarchs

strengthened and challenged the pope’s strengthened and challenged the pope’s power.power.


Pope Innocent IIPope Innocent II

Sect. 3 Terms, People, PlacesSect. 3 Terms, People, Places

1.1. Crusades-Crusades- A series of wars where A series of wars where Christians tried to gain control of the Holy Christians tried to gain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims.Lands from the Muslims.

2.2. Holy Lands-Holy Lands- Lands between Palestine Lands between Palestine and Jerusalem where Christians believed and Jerusalem where Christians believed Jesus was born. Jesus was born.

3.3. Pope Urban II-Pope Urban II- Called for the 1 Called for the 1stst Crusade Crusade to win back the Holy Land and gain more to win back the Holy Land and gain more power in Europe.power in Europe.

Sect. 3 Terms, People, PlacesSect. 3 Terms, People, Places

4. 4. Reconquista-Reconquista- The campaign by European The campaign by European Christians to drive Muslims from present-Christians to drive Muslims from present-day Spain.day Spain.

5. 5. Ferdinand and Isabella-Ferdinand and Isabella- Their marriage in Their marriage in 1469 unified Spain and help complete the 1469 unified Spain and help complete the Reconquista.Reconquista.

6. 6. Inquisition-Inquisition- A Church court set up by A Church court set up by Isabella to try people accused of heresy in Isabella to try people accused of heresy in Spain. Spain.

Section 3Section 3

The Crusades and the Wider The Crusades and the Wider WorldWorld

VocabVocab

1.1. Crusades-Crusades- A series of wars over the Holy A series of wars over the Holy Land.Land.

2.2. Holy Land-Holy Land- Jerusalem and other places Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Christians believe in Palestine where Christians believe Christ lived and preached.Christ lived and preached.

3.3. Pope Urban II-Pope Urban II- Pope who called for a Pope who called for a Crusade to take back the Holy Land.Crusade to take back the Holy Land.

4.4. Reconquista-Reconquista- The campaign to drive The campaign to drive Muslims from the Iberian PeninsulaMuslims from the Iberian Peninsula

VocabVocab

5.5. Ferdinand and Isabella-Ferdinand and Isabella- Their marriage Their marriage unified Spain. They made a final push to unified Spain. They made a final push to drive the Muslims from Spain. drive the Muslims from Spain.

6.6. Inquisition-Inquisition- A church court set up to try A church court set up to try people of heresy. people of heresy.

The Crusades and the Wider WorldThe Crusades and the Wider World

I.I. Crusades-Crusades-Christian battled Muslims for Christian battled Muslims for control of Holy Lands in the Middle East.control of Holy Lands in the Middle East.

II.II. The World in 1050The World in 1050A.A. Islam was established from Spain to India Islam was established from Spain to India

B.B. Civilizations were growing all over the Civilizations were growing all over the world.world.

C.C. 1071-Islamic Turks from Central Asia had 1071-Islamic Turks from Central Asia had taken over Holy lands of the Byzantine taken over Holy lands of the Byzantine Empire.Empire.


1.1. This kept Christians from making pilgrimages to This kept Christians from making pilgrimages to the Holy Land.the Holy Land.

III.III. The CrusadesThe CrusadesA.A. Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope

Urban II for Christian Knights to fight the Urban II for Christian Knights to fight the Muslim Turks.Muslim Turks.

B.B. Urban called for a Crusade for the Holy Urban called for a Crusade for the Holy Land at Land at Council of ClermontCouncil of Clermont in 1095. in 1095.

1.1. Hoped to increase power in Europe and end the Hoped to increase power in Europe and end the split between the Romans and Byzantines.split between the Romans and Byzantines.


Byzantine Emperor Alexius IByzantine Emperor Alexius I

The Crusades and the Wider WorldThe Crusades and the Wider WorldC.C. 11stst Crusade-Christian knights massacred Crusade-Christian knights massacred

Muslims & Jews in Jerusalem (1099).Muslims & Jews in Jerusalem (1099).D.D. Muslim kept trying to destroy Christian Muslim kept trying to destroy Christian

Crusader states, leading to more crusades.Crusader states, leading to more crusades.E.E. Saladin-Saladin- Muslim leader who took control of Muslim leader who took control of

Jerusalem in 1187 but did allow Christians Jerusalem in 1187 but did allow Christians to pilgrimages.to pilgrimages.

F.F. Crusaders started fighting with other Crusaders started fighting with other Christians and overthrew Constantinople.Christians and overthrew Constantinople.

G.G. Muslims eventually overthrew all crusader Muslims eventually overthrew all crusader states and in 1291 massacred Christians states and in 1291 massacred Christians after taking the last Christian post. after taking the last Christian post.

The Crusades and the Wider WorldThe Crusades and the Wider WorldSaladin-Saladin-


IV.IV. The Effects of the CrusadesThe Effects of the CrusadesA.A. Crusades led to religious turmoil Crusades led to religious turmoil

throughout Europe and the Middle East.throughout Europe and the Middle East.1.1. Muslims vs. ChristiansMuslims vs. Christians2.2. Christians vs. JewsChristians vs. Jews

B.B. Crusades strengthened Muslims by uniting Crusades strengthened Muslims by uniting rival Muslim groups from Egypt to Syria.rival Muslim groups from Egypt to Syria.

C.C. Crusades strengthened monarch’s ability to Crusades strengthened monarch’s ability to tax.tax.

D.D. Curiosity of new lands led to explorations Curiosity of new lands led to explorations from Europe to the wider world.from Europe to the wider world.


E.E. Trade also increased and expanded as Trade also increased and expanded as Crusaders brought back fabrics, spices, and Crusaders brought back fabrics, spices, and perfumes from the Middle East. perfumes from the Middle East.

F.F. This encouraged the growth of a money This encouraged the growth of a money economy. economy.


V.V. The ReconquistaThe ReconquistaA.A. Moors-Moors- Muslims from North Africa who Muslims from North Africa who

conquered most of present day Spain in conquered most of present day Spain in the 700s.the 700s.

B.B. Christian Kingdoms started expanding and Christian Kingdoms started expanding and taking over Muslim lands, starting the taking over Muslim lands, starting the Reconquista.Reconquista.

C.C. Over the next 200 years, Christian cities Over the next 200 years, Christian cities moved southward and in 1140 established moved southward and in 1140 established the Kingdom of Portugal.the Kingdom of Portugal.


D.D. By 1300, Christians had taken over the By 1300, Christians had taken over the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) but Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) but Muslim influence remained very strong. Muslim influence remained very strong.

E.E. 1469- Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of 1469- Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile married and united the state of Castile married and united the state of Spain and completed the Reconquista in Spain and completed the Reconquista in 1492.1492.

F.F. Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to impose Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to impose their beliefs on the diverse culture of Spain, their beliefs on the diverse culture of Spain, so they began so they began InquisitionInquisition to convert Jews to convert Jews and Muslims to Christianity or they would and Muslims to Christianity or they would die.die.

Quiz Study GuideQuiz Study Guide

1.1. Vocabulary-Vocabulary- CrusadesCrusades Holy LandHoly Land Pope Urban IIPope Urban II Ferdinand and IsabellaFerdinand and Isabella ReconquistaReconquista InquisitionInquisition

Quiz Study GuideQuiz Study Guide

2.2. Where was the Byzantine Empire? What Where was the Byzantine Empire? What was it before it was the Byzantine was it before it was the Byzantine Empire?Empire?

3.3. What was Pope Urban II’s reason (s) for What was Pope Urban II’s reason (s) for starting the Crusades?starting the Crusades?

4.4. What happened in Constantinople during What happened in Constantinople during the 4the 4thth Crusade? Crusade?

5.5. What were Ferdinand and Isabella’s What were Ferdinand and Isabella’s religious policies called? What did they religious policies called? What did they do?do?

Section 4Section 4

Learning and Culture FlourishLearning and Culture Flourish


I.I. Medieval Universities EmergeMedieval Universities EmergeA.A. Improved economic and political conditions Improved economic and political conditions

during the High Middle Ages.during the High Middle Ages.1.1. Education became important Education became important

B.B. Cathedral Schools became the first Cathedral Schools became the first universities.universities.

1.1. Specialty schools began to show.Specialty schools began to show.

C.C. Life was tough with poor facilities and Life was tough with poor facilities and students had to memorize lectures.students had to memorize lectures.


D.D. A bachelor’s degree took 3-6 years and a A bachelor’s degree took 3-6 years and a master’s degree took several years more.master’s degree took several years more.

E.E. Women could not receive a university Women could not receive a university education but learned from convents.education but learned from convents.

F.F. Muslims translated many works of Greek Muslims translated many works of Greek thinkers.thinkers.

1.1. Sparked a learning revolution.Sparked a learning revolution.

G.G. Scholasticism-Scholasticism- Using reason to support Using reason to support beliefs.beliefs.


H.H. Thomas Aquinas-Thomas Aquinas- said faith and reason said faith and reason existed in harmony and led to the truth that existed in harmony and led to the truth that God rules.God rules.

I.I. Science and Math made little progress Science and Math made little progress because they didn’t go with Church because they didn’t go with Church teachings.teachings.

J.J. Adopted Hindu-Arabic numerals instead of Adopted Hindu-Arabic numerals instead of Roman numerals.Roman numerals.


II.II. Medieval LiteratureMedieval LiteratureA.A. Writings appeared in Writings appeared in vernacularvernacular, or , or

everyday language.everyday language.

B.B. People began writing oral traditions.People began writing oral traditions.

C.C. Dante Alighieri- Dante Alighieri- The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy1.1. His journey through Hell, Purgatory, and His journey through Hell, Purgatory, and

Heaven.Heaven.

D.D. Geoffrey Chaucer-Geoffrey Chaucer- The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales1.1. Characters tell tales on their way to Saint Characters tell tales on their way to Saint

Thomas Becket’s tomb. Thomas Becket’s tomb.


III.III. ArchitectureArchitectureA.A. 1140-Gothic style with 1140-Gothic style with flying buttressesflying buttresses or or

stone supports outside the building. stone supports outside the building. 1.1. High thinner walls for stained glass windows.High thinner walls for stained glass windows.

B.B. Stone sculptures became popular as Stone sculptures became popular as decoration.decoration.

C.C. Altarpieces-symbolizes religious ideasAltarpieces-symbolizes religious ideas

D.D. Illumination-decorating books with brilliant Illumination-decorating books with brilliant colorscolors

Section 5Section 5

Time of CrisisTime of Crisis


I.I. The Black Death (1347)The Black Death (1347)A.A. Bubonic Plague-Bubonic Plague- spread by fleas from rats. spread by fleas from rats.

B.B. Became an epidemicBecame an epidemic

C.C. Came from rats who infested Chinese cities Came from rats who infested Chinese cities in the early 1300s. (35 million dead)in the early 1300s. (35 million dead)

D.D. Traders from Europe to Asia brought Traders from Europe to Asia brought disease back to Europe.disease back to Europe.

E.E. There was no solution to the diseaseThere was no solution to the disease1.1. People tried magic or thought it was God’s will.People tried magic or thought it was God’s will.


F.F. Life began to break downLife began to break down1.1. Production died as the population droppedProduction died as the population dropped

2.2. Inflation surged as healthy workers demanded Inflation surged as healthy workers demanded more moneymore money

3.3. Social and economic unrest lasted for over 100 Social and economic unrest lasted for over 100 years.years.

II.II. Upheaval in the ChurchUpheaval in the ChurchA.A. The church could not provide strong The church could not provide strong

leadership and people lashed out at the leadership and people lashed out at the pope for his lavish lifestyle and for moving pope for his lavish lifestyle and for moving the throne to Francethe throne to France

Time of CrisisTime of CrisisB.B. 1378-Roman reformers elected a pope to 1378-Roman reformers elected a pope to

rule from Rome.rule from Rome.1.1. Created a Created a schism-schism- split in the church. split in the church.

C.C. 1417-Council in Germany removed power 1417-Council in Germany removed power from popes and elected Martin V to rule from from popes and elected Martin V to rule from Rome.Rome.

D.D. People began fighting against church rule.People began fighting against church rule.1.1. John Wycliffe-Said the Bible, NOT the church John Wycliffe-Said the Bible, NOT the church

was the truth. Translated Bible into English.was the truth. Translated Bible into English.

2.2. Burned at the stake for heresy.Burned at the stake for heresy.


III.III. The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)A.A. England wanted land back from France. England wanted land back from France.

B.B. Edward III-Son of a French princess, Edward III-Son of a French princess, claimed the French throne, starting the war. claimed the French throne, starting the war.

1.1. He wanted control of the English Channel and He wanted control of the English Channel and trade.trade.

C.C. Joan of Arc-Joan of Arc-claimed she was sent by God claimed she was sent by God to save France.to save France.

1.1. Charles VII let her lead an army.Charles VII let her lead an army.

2.2. Led the French to several victories.Led the French to several victories.


3.3. She was captured by the English and burned at She was captured by the English and burned at the stake for witchcraft.the stake for witchcraft.

4.4. She was declared a saint.She was declared a saint.

D.D. French fought inspired and with a new French fought inspired and with a new weapon called the canon, defeated the weapon called the canon, defeated the English.English.

E.E. Throughout the war, English monarchs Throughout the war, English monarchs turned to Parliament for funds for the war, turned to Parliament for funds for the war, weakening their power. weakening their power.

F.F. The war caused England to created a large, The war caused England to created a large, powerful army, instead of using royal powerful army, instead of using royal vassals.vassals.

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Royal Power Grows Chapter 8 Sect 1. Royal Power Grows I. High Middle Ages (1000-1300) A. Monarchs...

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