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n: u?l : ? il tR Hgt :t ta s Grff n: ai

s't a o 1 u&r a nr s5 d'r, go o dr fn3 o"s u a : uiat ur

t{t500

u ii v 6 t rn u

n'lsw-ouurta6oofonrstir'lulfihsootitna:6unottnun'lsrirrrirornsi.lods:ullrI,ivr

tfiad-on'rsduua:tirs ads;nru'ludu ns1 so tirofr rJs:ZinSnrulDevelopment of Electrical Co-nductivity Meter for Improvement of Soil and lrrigation

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TaU

t^V,alai-rUu

n EUO'IU O U 0t'l U3 n B1fI1 d0il5. AC U 30 t' na: wn u.t6l"u 3 n a1 al'l €lns

drtinSo-Bua:ulYoalur

acw. /2553

nr:fisrurrn*o{innr:rir'lv,lrhnuurlrrrurfiunouyrunr:riur?rornsir{il:vrnsAv A 3

ta o o er n'H er u r rav il lsail: s n rul u d u n: ru o rir { fi il ry SyrG n tn

Development of Electrical Conductivity Meter for Improvement of Soil and Irrigation

Water Management

Isrs

Id c., al

flrJll;€u ilun?1ilgtI

Adalp'toiloglgl fl:flflq

aa,

dflngHl usu'l:fiqq

I A y A d t Ac/, ar y A dna il { 1 u 9t u 9t 1 u ? 1l €J I ft 1 c[ 9r : d? u ? o u I [a v il 9]t u 1 9t I u ? 1l u I 9t 1 tr 9t :n.

o ar, A e,, C)

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nI;fi'eril1rnistisrni:rirlvh1rteqdl,,0,6unnuyruflr;rirr{rrrnsir.rilrvrvre rfioqa!rr<rraa0 In1 : 9t u[[a su1 ra il : s yt 1u0 u1{uil : sdytt R 1y{

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Water Management

eL adtIU:€n tJlJfi?liln

^ddFt0itogtgl fltfl{c

q$nnTr u$ul:o

t aq v I a Ina il? 0 €Jtt6 v?Igil u10 1lJ?1tEJ1 fl 1d9t Iq

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(1)

A1:U€IJ

d1:UE

dlT1JfU9tl:'t'l

nr:rTar:rJ

nlu'tutl?glCIlJ:gff'lfi

fl]:9t:?t[ofld't:rlM

0lJfl:turlnv?rfl1:

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a:ilfinnr:neno.:94

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(2)

(3)

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1

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27

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fl]:UArfl1:1.r

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-tdv1 rirnrrrurflufrrrir'lyhtrcJolar:nynru]nrrilcrfiu:Jnno1:ri'fi zs oc

5

2 nr::J:yrurarrirrl5urorro{ufiorionuu*uucr:nyarur6oorslT{rrnarfiu:J 10

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3 dRrurirtyhtrro{lilunerfiurunnol:rio.or u fiqnm4fioirr1 t0

+ rirnr:rir'lylfliru.,ril{i{rrirurndo{iflfififlurdufi'u,udo{infidorrn zl9t

sit:J:yryrc (nr:nnaocnilfi r)

s rirnr:rir'h,hilrcruurilti{rri'turnio.:{nfifiruurdufiurnioc{sfidonl n zz

rir':il:yryrg (nr:mnno{n;s{i zl

ri r n r : ri r 1 yl fi 'r n u o ri', fi {rr rh u rn6o.: 5n fi fr 'sl u r du,i':r rn ie s {e fi do o r n 23

sir{il:vryrg (nr:mnnorni.rfi :l

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(3)

51Jvt

1

4

5

6

8

9

t0

tlt2

t3

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d . r o U t9i a oY es,rnSo I ior ri r n r : ri r "[rnh4 r TDS r ra y q ru u 4 fi ut u 6'l I6'v iu cyberscan

Economy Bench CON 510

rn*o.r irr ri r n r : il r h4 fl r q u rv rj u frn fi ro fi fi q or aru rio'fi rnu :r r n du

rnio s isr ri r n r : rj r'[d fi r, pi r rJ? :r r nr t o r ufi ,: fi ay n r u: ? xJ ua y q flr H Q fi

drmiuoonnrndu'lrJ EUTECH qu Cyberscan Waterproof CON 410

rn$o q {q ri r n r : ri r ld :il r rn r #o I fi'y Menler Toledo2)

nr: riily'|fl r: v wix dru ?fl rrn v nu

fl r : ny nr ut o.: rnfi o lmfi u:rn n o 1: r{1urir

r.r r : 1r4fl r cr s r rn$o q in ni r n r : ri r lylfi r r ru r fi r

ru fl 'r r s l : lrl fi r r o r rn d o r in ri r n r : ri r'[ r hl r uu r fi t

u p{{ r.: n :'tv,hil r rir u uan r nn zu o q rn *o { ier ri r n r : ri r h^h1 i ur u fi t

ru p{': n r fl yr o.r I rn { r s r :'lyl fi 1 I o { rn f o { ier ri r n r : ri r lvl rt r uu r fi z

up.n :': r :'lyl fi r cJ o { rn 3o { ier ri r n r : ri r tv{ rl l ru r fi z

un{r{ r:'hlfi rriruucnr rqocJs{rndo.:inrirnr:rirb,hllruufi z

r rzu* r { r :'[d fl r ciru {fl un y r rd er { r{a r o { rni o,r i'nri r n r : ri r'ldfl r r rl u fi z

rrar':r.r o:'lylfi rriruior uay uaq{ runfi il: y noila.: nriownrafi nuYoru

tum ri.: iirutdfl rturn 9 vott

rrr.r':rr o:'lrnhtrriruirr uny rrafl q runfi il:y noilnc nrio,riln-rdAn

n rrru d'rurVu d: y u'irr rir nr: rir h{fi r (EC) nn y rir digital ou@ut

n n r d'ru fi'u f,: y H'i r,r ri r n r : rl r'[ vhil r cJ o { rn io r {fl fi fr'sl u r du ro { fiui-rrtt'}

rnSoqTpr trnriilil :vrn g (nr:noaolnY.rfi r )o? s I t r,,, _c t{ tli 4 - j- & a

n'l I u dlJ fi u fr : y ?i ? t{ n I fl 't : u't tt{ t^l 1 1J o I rn io,t i n fi vt ru u r ilu ro I n :.t

Avtrlrn?oriq ornsirsil:y rn g (nr:mnnoqnf{fi z)

a1 v d t r-----9-q.tl1 j - A- & -'n ? I il cf u ?I u i : y fi ? I { n I fl I : u I tv,l t l I 1, o { tn t0,: 4fi yt yt ru u r ilu to I n u

i-rr'r'trnSosio rrnsir.:il:s ryr g (nt:yteroo{fl i{fi :I

I?ru1

6

8

i3

15

16

I6

t7

I7

18

18

19

15

16

t7

19

20

24

24

25

18

19

n 1 : fi'slt u l tn io q ie n r : ri r'l vhl r t e t lit ua r n^u ?r el r r il u n r : ri r r{r o r n si r ttj : v rn s rd o

-'o'pr n r : 6u ua yd r ya il : v yr r u o ri r r fi rJ : v fr vr f n r vr

Development of Electrical Conductivify Meter for Improvement of Soil and Irrigation

Water Management

alt a a d.{ vflilu:fi{ l!iln?]ilgt 9.t0{09191 fl:fl1 dfiytgt:'l uuu]:6t{ -4 - -q----"-- - -i

uvrffodo

- A s o h rg i o roR1:{atut[nTosiqnt:dr'[vh4rto.:ur[[nvflu lfl0onrr!u?.:o:ldflrdrri:-ri'srrirni:rir

'lv'htrrtnsoonttillJ?.:rTue{n':p.rCIrirnr:rirb^htr ilrrruursr:lylfirrurrfiuuuilil?i'rup.iu?,rr:

lvlfirTfl€rt#]il:ttn:rnorufirrEro{ rfiold'rrriur{o:firudilr*dtir:rrrisrn!firorJn:trirryr^nouu dt q 4 r U rfi ia u d oan[no:sl'l'l6lnq[non[[t'lu?{n: tv{1',1'lvr}Jfl?'rufl'1Fr?ql utu'lti:vnolr{lurn6oliprnr:rirlyhlro q r o u r9l oo ,o d . i o r

dtrurin nitnt:ilt"[v'h4r t s.rritril3 uurfr uu n'r rn?o':isrrr nsix il: v rngnt'irnr:inrfiuufi'uA-rrrsgr

tfl?oriqrinsir':il:vrmguerflen{fluuoufl?'r 3.71 % rrny'hirrsrnsir{fi'unr{afi6ludr,:nr:ier o-

3,800 pS/cm rfi:Jrsdrutunr:rirhjtdlunr:inrirnr:rir'lvhtruuilsiorffo{luni:n:rrinIo s S qa t lt jqYq r AqfllnrfldtrtlnLdsrlu:Ifr qrJn:nirir.r1fildlunr::J:ynou?{0:rnTosiflnr:rjrlvhlrar:lr:nill

'lrlturJ:vtvrs cirunr:infirodr{drlu#o':ilfrrTn^nr:uioluaur:r6'oqurj,:nr:ioroonrflurir,:1s--.---.---.-r t J u r r r d r A[9t ulQl^t ty s? { n I n tl fi 1 fl t:J ltu { s?,: 0y il n ]n ? lil n n'ln tn rio u q,:

sduyfl 'l s vl etl u l tnl : o { ? et fl t t ri r lvhh T o { dr r ra s 6 u m fl ur u n t : ri r r{r o r n si r.r rJ : y ryr g rdo

-'0n n I :6uua ydr rya il : v mIu o fli1{fi r.J : vfi vr fr n ryl

Development of Electrical Conductivity Meter for Improvement of Soil and Irrigation

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rirrir

lufltqriunrnigl6'11'rurvr{uil:vxnflrrfiofrplururriuilfludru:u:rrnrfiohi'firirodrs,

rftuw\o Isru{ruf,nnr:rfisnrJ:yvrru'ldfurlil:yrtrurrnn'ir fid,:Hdu drurrn rrarnr:u t ! - ; J i r , I u y A aga , ! r,t9l1.llIiHn{urflun]:[Tr1J1'{u?.i5nil:v?lluxJ1nn?l rrrjgilunruutyt [v't0lflJttualurnu4ururn3 - .-----,,--.--,-q trry ' ' d q 'a J" t d ra 3cJu [n!fl:n:crr?J'r:CI11]nr:[fl!Fr: tf]0u].:Fr0ru0.1lxJ?Jn]:ltgtuftnuil't tuqqrrnl tL:_ijurruilr

i--.q-r,.t-t, l-.<-.t4-!q-y- -!-y- -6r-.. . 3^ ' J^ , d ' d:J]n}',{0110v lTzunnquul[f]il [:J tfi?nnticj'l:J'l lu[[finiu'lnfl [[un,:ilt09tu'l{t[1.1{:Jn]:ilulnou

t99

toltnfiorfioririliruitdvri':nr:tfluer: tvvirl#tfinilrynrfiu16ru mforirrflu6'r#nrirl#rn6olpiS o & 4 a CyJ I a o cJr d dr 6 .t sorufrruilururuuil?6u unvnl: [{d]sail:vvr1u:Jrnrilua?1ru{rriluffosrilunr:drrnfiolurir

t y !a 4 Jr,or a q 4 q a vsnu:vvl'lutljlflnuil1ntuil1flfl'r::v1r-tuul tu9ru0lJrfl9llJilJfi'tfn:dyffilrflriCI [u9tu0uov:Jzunq _---_'_'''-

r a o 6r g -.e..^4------d-tag t -&, ---qE-J-- r I v d r a a 9t dn0qflJR1?\9tuvl'l [?ltinzunn?{sgrfl9r'i [9] 9r':uunl: t'iru't0ui':il:y?tgfl[[nyilil:ydytfrRlyl0yqts,::l

idoevttn:0{il0rflil5linrnrnr:drlvlfirvio rj?:rrarrn6onvnrululilrayfiulil#lu:rnrnnunyn?:q

r^rfrsrld'turJ:utnfl tdonnnr:rirrclrrrnsir.:il:vrils d.:ilrqriuff.:n,:flnr:rirr{rrurfirHrirurflu!^^.--.^-^^.-d-^o-^-^--a d. r 4 t4 rd lt rq , t J a as jnlu?uil1n ru0s'lE9l14T0tdu0vryO:Jutfl14:0 [xJtJ0v liln [un1:ryoilfi,llJils{?1{ltriilfll:a{utfrou Y d a l 6 Ir rlll a ,a

^ n

derurttcscir{tnrsosiflrirnr:rirlvlrfirufo il?ruisurnnoonynrulurirrrnsAu:rarQflriJu9 o. e 6t r!--.--t, 6t e/ l4J--^^.^ ^,t-,-y A , 3 9 ct Aglu[tUUd'll'l:Un'l: t?lulsnil:svl'lu [u:UfiU t:ulcJ0'1tf,'l14uryrn:rurnil:emtu:?tJ?1,:[{1Hf '1fr

sq,^.9--.---..-.-..--!q-y vtw9q I ^9

q i v?llflu?lJ0{[[n3[2uItp'r t?llflufl:n: t9l ts tu:]alqfl :?u11{0]_J:iln]: t,[,.:'lU[[ngq$a5nu]rnto.tiglr o rrr rg i - io y ,

n'l n 1 : u -1

11{ ?l 1 yl I y 1,{ 9}t u 1 u t?l t tfl [n u n : fl :

u r / s ad?aqil:ud{ncJ0{ [n:.:nt:?0 u

- A 4 q r dy o ut t9{ J o ol. [Y{0 dnu11\ filu1qiln:iu?o n]:il1 tilfl rcJo,:ilrrrayelulu:lntQn

o9rru'r[lJ 1 01fl 9l'r.tlJ:y lyt fl

t?{0nflfl]:

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nrslurJ:yryrs

L rfisfi'slurt#rnssr:n:'lrifuav1#rvrn]uJnErfiurti:rqrln:nirniolirrrirnr:rir

lvlfi rmio rjirurmrnfionv nrulurirrrnu 6uivgJys

4. [11 0 11 fI U 1 ttn y d : 1.: 9t U $lj U : s U U n'] : ? n n t: d r'lyh{ r m?O rJ? il r m rn60 n 3 a 1 8

q J o j jea v , ' 'Jio ! ! d t etuutlj:t?tlJlIumtill:y?'ttsu LJ'1flt[lJu-lmilnt:Enn1il0,1ut[fi:J$agd,:1OryCI

rchdriru nnrqFiru:suuhnalvr: ftiv{liarsuurdsrlurifi srrrusir'rnnrfiq

o llIfl't14U9t t?

:J:s lurydfrrs"tr{fr, v A q o.U tg la a J o .c o u roero1.1'{9Iu1rn:0{?a nl:il1 tTl?'l1tlnvil:lJtflJlflRolJ0ilutltayFtutilout til t.f,tu

9'q o ' rufr'{uuileirulflufft#uayuurdnlurifir,iruirunaftl:?nqa{nlTulTnu:gYl _ ,.__.._ qj __ ,_,r,_.

lvr:frnvil{atu tfl unr:anrirl#rireluni:f rr{rrrnsirsd:cryrs uay rnolta 4qdvtSu9r:

- o q t4 ott! r i< r r

z. vi r trifi nr : l#ri r rn rJ : v vr r u fi fi q nr n rvr ri x 1 o dr { rli :J'r y dxl un y fit4A

il:ydm5R'1T'l

3. rnua:nrdtxnr0drryln Iuln6rfl6o':5enr:ilr1rlfi rresdtunydufi

frmrurduhJl#rJ:v lusri ler u i'nrir{fi o uos drunoor rvrnlula6o dr'rvgrrC;

tl4lJlgduf'ru:snun?1il9r0.r rtnnufl u?lArArgadqt/v

4. tnnn?]il:?uuo:y1,r?l{tnun:fl : rtngufl ?slfl 1: tunl:?1 f;ilu'tqil n:il?Ft9l

nr: rir'[r,lrtrruavrJ?:rrnr tnfroluriruav6u

J

n1:a:?stofldl:

rfiiy#unvd'nur (2548) 'ld'finsrunva#rcr{r:lyhhdrufr{errirnr:rjrlylfircro.r

---..I__ .d qrr. ' d a j o d o adl:nvn-lueir{"lfrolfilrnirnrriltfiilciosdufr.rorrflulunr:rfionrJqnrtr *nynr:ilfuilEs6ut 4 .-...-,. .t) A 4 q^-^--.-q-9 d - t 9

En:.].1filJ1ua00onlluu[[nYd51{tn:0'ttjO?an?luilrirtnry tnSoqigrtJ:yn0ud'?udo{d?u

6oriru sifertnf trnvrf?u6rodrnf arutosarforrnfil:ynoud'rflln:u , ooa6rarflof ,r,:

o:rillrvlof ?{t:cru'tu trnvrdurryofinqarr4fi lpruIil:urfludlnichaurrfil#drgqrnrj i as ater'luHryouetonfi * zo Vpp n?ril6 t filnt6fvr hatsrtndorulvr:t rrayharntnjoilrdurryof

@a9]9adtSerqnru4ruovqn:loutritnoufr?tfioi Eiru Data acquisition board rirurysv,lurffio}J:unril

LabvIEW ft tdn I rL q ru ri r u r ru un y ufl er { r.ln fi '[d'r i n n I : {or o L{ r9.r I tJ

Pirnr:rirh"h{1 (Conductivity) to.:rittravfiusfisrpir.:1 niu ilrmyrn, drrj:yrjr unv

saturation extract to.rfiurfiru tvduegjfiurJ?rurnrrnfiooynrufiodluritr?ofiu d{nr:ilrldfirddr - A- ..-^.^*=^.^ i ^ "

,t , "l a J a s0stilua?fl?fl llnsd11J']:nuonqiildlrusrro{drrrnsdu"[d rriu iflnrrilrfrilc;o{druose}^u relytt

ar:rJurfloulurir

rirn:rrurflu6'rrirTyhtrrfluilrfi'uxdsfit#ri'ruonfiqj?rrrorfisrdorJuluririiarilr:n

ttnnfi'ttfluo^oou'[d' 6,:fiu:rl#rirfiluni:rJ:vrfiurjirurorfi.rrde:JuTuriiuiomrn,flurir;i;r,ld'

-irorraviloqriufirnio.riflrirnrr:rrflu6'rt:rTylfir{i1#.i'ruuasdyn?n ti'rrirnrr:rrflu6'rrjrlyhilr

q,ruaerl'irfifiqr6oiluluri',u'tn rirnnrutflufi'rrirldfir ililrufir fl?llJflrln:olunr:rjrlylflr

miouoth?n:vrtalv,htrlunr.iruar:nvorofioqj:vn'jr':drfinlm:e,yi{ao.:d,,fiduidxrird'nd'u

av 1 ryru'rras:JUU:u14'ir.rdrfinlvr:rr{.:auofio t vru. 6undnodruuas.ir nrrxrirlv{fir{rryrry

(specific conductance) d'rfierrrruflilrun:':{rufi'unurudruvrrutylfli (resistivity) vfo nrlrd'ruvrrutvlfii6rtnrv (specific resistance) rirnrr:1flu6'tirldrhfinr.jrurflu t:rln:kr{rierwufirrurr:(ptmholcm) xiofinfidrruudsionrsr:(ms/m) lufirjrflroaolo (International System of

Uni0rdr-99

ei r n r r' ril u d'ti r lyl fl r lu ri r *si n s il : y rn vr fi ri r *n n si i n fi'u ff u o ql fi'r

r. er:trur{ruduno{6oou{drnn6':1ei rtrturirnmu.,*a',rfiR',:rr:aunn6'rrflu6oou

'ld (ionizalle matter)xJ'ln nirnrt:rrflufrmiildfirfiq': ld'uri fl:er rlld rnfioofiuvrid r,*u s* ,

Na" , K* , ca* , ci , cor'-,oH' .44.4 d.ril:lufi{iliiliarcJo,:ufi,rfinvnrurirld' unt{ulrurnqn. a d/, * d 4 q^1.._^--9-q-.-J4,a ro r r dr s olJ0{d]:ouvlStltryu ryln:a tluBu qnq frskjrrErnsr'r1urii6,:"lrjfinrnnontn?tilrllust?urly,lfir

z. nfi "

n u u6 u o u ti'r tfl u 6 o o u fi tfi n t r n o qry a n: or uri u io o rl ry n ru a uri r v tri'rir n rr ru

rfl u 6'r ri r ld fl r r; r n'j r o^ o o u r 0.1 o q ry n n : rr ei o u r to ru aei o u

3. nr:tnfroufito.16oou (ionic mobitityl tilo^ooufinr:rndoufirurnfifrr"lnr4rtfi'rirnriru

rflufr'rrirh,lfirqr

ad ' A iy a-a r d A i oqtl4. qEuHflxr xJt{nfl0n]:taR0uYr filqfrJfiQ?Jq'r000ufilt{1lrnr:rnnouyr:Jlnyt'l-[fid]n?1:J

drrlju

I

fr'lirldfirc.r6':u d'rfiunl::ru'rlurirn?r:Jrflud'?rirlylfir 6{do{:yilomnnfidru rdu Electricalq ql q

--o^conductlvlty at 2t c

s. n?rilrflun:sr-sir.r ,i'nilfiri'rurrrurflun:pr-rir{}Jrnn'ir g xiodoun'ir s rvfinosiorir

n':rurflu6'rrirldfirurn ,{ud,nr"rrlrln:rtuo^oou (H.) rras 1afl:onlvei'6oou (oH') finrj i a ra '

tnfioufito16oou(ionic mobility) q':n'li6oou6'rdu nrirrfro 'lsIn:rtu6ooufinr:rnnooufi

ro':60ouilorrvirfii :solrtJl/at@sdAtsfl:sn lryfloooururnu 278 [rnv tunuilooourvirfi'u(Na ) zo-ao rfludu d'{durirnlilrflu

6'rrirTrlfirfi'ld'nvrurrrn'lslgr:rru6o0u t[nv'lafl:on'iryri'o^uuu d.,u-,0-,nriinrrurflufl:n-ri'r{tt

torilrrurnn'ii:lorn 6oouduA4

tfi:o.ttJ0i . r dr q o tit r9l q v t 3o i 4 r d r

tnTorierirnrrrurfl u6'rrjrIvlfi rtufr:odrrdifrnnrurrllu tn?o'rfiorirulnqj

rl:vnourhu6'rrnto'r (rrxei{firrfifln:vt[ddfru, Wheatstone bridge, null indicator dsil:snouslrfl

a-c galvanometer) tlas conductivity ceu fi'rdrfi'rytunr:rfionrndoqfro6onr:rdsntnis{fiofi

drtn:n{erirn?rilrflu6'?rirlvlfiridfin?rilfiaflarnhirfiu tv"vtior lruIn:Irurisisrryufinrqr:

duriyirniilnufirirrurnn'ir uio{rrnrirnrr:1flu6'rrirb,htrryrfirudurj:yr.,rn z xsioorsro-oYaa/*a/Jr

trynlryud er{uut.:er?:xr[?r0: t:*LtEro:msrueirt6lusir l n -27 oc unyo'rukinyrdunfi,: 0.1

oC

Aglug^i^dA-oiu,,iqtdtfl 0il 0 { fl u cJ 0 fl 9ril nrnm 0l 0rnfl cIuru0.r rlfl nr:xfl qil?r Qilm tu [[uu0u [n t0 {?9ln']n?]il [ilu

6'rrirb4flrlr,:iutrfi automatic temperature compensation dtrilrJYuq6uilQfiil0,tdl:uter:g'tut),

rrny6'rotir{'[d rirl#ovnrnlunr:1#.:iuilrndu conductivity cell fi 2 ryfiErd'.:fi

1. vfinunnvt^riruddnJvr:fl (Platinum-electrode Ope) fiv{'ruulflrilnrrnyrluuij:J nr:a qYd tu dr s o h tU Ay u r o e9 orfionl#fruoqjri'urir.:rirnrrrurflu6'rrirldfirffr{o':nr:ier noudrrurl6nx:firfl?r:Jd&0rer

conductivity cett 'lflrid:u chromic-sulfirric acid cleaning mixture d.rrniu:lJpruayntu]fl[[Ftar6uil

'lerln:rrusr s nf:rlun:er dnr{?nrl?rul?u soo finfifin: uoyyirni:ru,rnfi'lud(platinize) 6rdnlvrI

:n rioutd lprutsr3flilar:avaru nnol:uuafifinrro6sr 1 nYru unyrne0y6rn:n tz finfrniruturiro1 --- q oa q9 A v 9 , Jo ajg o an /

nau 100 ilnnnn: 0'r0 t,fdr:nyntumrt:Jtufl?]u tun:il?rgl0.:fll:nn[?nt lufl't:rtv{ayi'luryAd s a i r i t v r a -r Adrfinln:nn?orfrorirn.:fi{o{[sn (cell constant) rvirril t.o siorryusr^rrun:1cm-') nio:linn'jr rffo

d 9 , ad s " i r ad s J - I

[Fr:uudl:nyntuIra? 1ilo[na lvl:9ln{ [ud]:nvCI'luuunvn0o[nn lil:9ln{e{0,tnu1?cilcjo't dryt9

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fiasiooun:yfi.rdrf;nlvr:nr{uauuqn,ufioud'ruuflnfirY:rurdn(ptatinum btack) drsdrfinlm:er

5

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niorutd.:run?:yirnr:n:?0douInuuJ?aurfr€ruFirnrr:rrflu6'rrirTylfirfiiprt6'ornrnio.:ffo fi'rL

rirnrtru rfl u6'rrirldfi r qi':ro': fl 't:a yn'ru

s d n du o itTttlndlryuilnn0 t:9t 9t'lttd9t.t [ustl:1{vt 1

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nrrrut{tL{uto{dr:nyaru

Ju unar6u:rn n o'[:ri,1:L ar{

rirn r rru rfl u 6'rti i'lr,{fi ra:rrya,

mho-cmt/equivalent

rirn r r:r rfl u 6'rtir'lylfi i,tn s s dr a[:J tfl : tlJ?1 El0tryUS) [:J9l:

0 149.9

0.0001 148.9 t4.9

0.0005 147.7 73.9

0.001 146.9 146.9

0.005 r43.6 '1r7.5

0.01 14t.2 l4r2

0.42 r38.2 2765

0.05 r33.3 6667

0.1 t28.9 12890

0.2 t24.0 24800

0.5 tr7.3 58670

1 111.9 1 1 1900

6

A AU Ad Sz. vfipruoutt?tnmulJo[an ltt:o (Nonplatinum-electrode type) il:ynold'rgdrfinlvr:srdt

virtrnJnvvt:::rfltfifin?rxJ?ruvr-ru rsiu rxfinlirfiru uioun:b,h{ lduyr:'nnrudrnYunr:iflfi'A9totu0'1uCIyRtnflu'Iil

fr'ro drqrniorigrni: rir'[y{fi rfi fi {rurirutuil:y ryrsln fl 1d'uri

EiJT€*HFa$"t9*5'€{ft*:ry++.

grlii r rndorinrirnr:rir'lyhtr,TDS uavqanrqfi,,rrdolfi, {u CyberScan Economy Bench

CON 510 :1nr 29,000:Jryt

ri- A v r "!lre{ t r vc J'liln 2 rn T o{ ron r n r : rir'lyl rt r durqriu:Tnfi ro fi fi n ar a:: rifi fi rsu il incr uq q - --'{-'-

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Q il

d]nYuuunnlndullJ ELnECH qu Cyberscan Waterproof CON 410 :1n1 29,500 u111

:rJfi + rnioq{nrirnr:rirldfirrnE d{16s Mettler Toledo

dht0'.lfl[?lJ tYFlhttp://www.thaigoodview.cornllibrarylstudentshod2S4glkhonkhar/electric/

content/3-3.trtrn 'ld':ru.:ru1i'irfinsnrvro{fl'r:drldfir1udrffnlvr:lnd'fi:ruoy16ired',:d

r. 6rd nlvr: lapi rfluar: n, u''udalu',: ndrlyhtrld'

z. drfin1n:lnd' rfluor:nynruro,:fl:el rucr m:srn6o

:. n r: ri r'lvlfi r lu drfi n lyr : la d' ri rl#rn^Fl 1 d'le u n r : ij ru ur.iu ln n v z utlu n,r lu d 16 ns vr d y t 9v J A - I

q

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u?fl trnv{?"[vir4tnlaurrulvlfrr:sri'ir.:drldflrurn unyrYr'lvlfirnu rsfizunrirlri'drfinJvr:

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o

iu ri r q nr n 4 fr il o r d r cr il; vr i nr : n : r r ior vfr er u o': ar: fi fi rJ : ; 1 un s n ?rru r{il du r 0 { dr: fr il: y q

t o 4 r a r a al ^ a) Itusinvsuflfr{arururnovtfifl0rfldr:il:snoilofium;rlrurnn'ircr:rJ:ynouduyr5ri uonrlndoriarddfltu?ulJ:3 tlJO'ldl:ytrJLJ:y !n0s il p{nfl0n?'llJflllJr:nlunr:rirlyhilrro{drtfudro

v v d t i ltlyun. fl ?ltJfltJlll{t':u?r?r{fl r:ilasa1u tonudR'n {drlylrtr

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dr:fr nvnrurir'td'Irr uil:vilrru 6'{fi

K: TDS/COND ........ (1.i)4

t4:0

TDS : K (COND) ........(1.2)i'jiuudt

[1J0 K: fl1n.:ytyltlda{nx'ludffitut:yrrx coND tlng mscoND : crn 1 il il I lyl fi r fi n ri r u ril u 1 :r ln : 6ril u ci o rvu fi r:r er :TDS : il?rurnrcro.tr,{.:finvnruriild'rf{Hile, (Total Dissolved Solid) firilrurflu

fiafinirusiofin:

6'rodi.:nrrrud':rfr'uf,cIo':anrvrirb,,lfirrrnvrjirrartuo,*fiod,nurda-,,.l''rooynlulu! rt, *

u r t er il o { dr : o y CI'l u lrq r ril crduil n n o 1 : ri' uae,: t{6'.: er'.t r.tl fi z

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"t : pr ( fl T fl{ n ? I :J ril :l,rr u u o u n.i r goo fr o fi n Yil sio fi sr :) d'l d

coND : (1.894)TDS + 4.477 ........ (1.3)

(r-square: 0.9999)j

rfr o coNo : an rnrir lylfi r ( tru In: fi ruusio rvu fi r:r pr:)

TDS : :Ji il r ar I o.r ufl .r fi o y n r u dr ldd{ u il er (ru^a fi n iru sio fi n : )

-,tt t) tJ q d v s darlflt0rJauasailnr:{rs6u lun:frnr:rrnrrudrun'udlnurj:sillru (K) :vu.jrqanrnrir

b'{rft tl:rin:6rruusiorryu6uLrr:; uavil?ruranoqufi{ftnyn'ruti,rloiln{unruEr (fiafinY:rsiofisr:)vt sv !t9t9t'11"l

TDS: K x COND

01n coND = t.89+mSt

6',rfu r = Ut.gg+

K = 0.53

6'rodr.:rgiu lun:fifrisranrurirtvlfirld'rvirfi'l soo 'hIn:druuriorryuH,ur, ,fiu

um urircn ru rjrb'{fl rdar lua:L nr: coND : ( 1.894)TD s + 4.47 j oy ld rji:;aa j o, rrol r a a d '

,ro.ruirfrnvnrs"[dvr"rnruor il:vrurru zoz:l^nfini:rsiofiq: 6',:d'rodrlusri:rrfi z

10

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( I u ln: crrilu9l0tsugutJ9r:)

fAd;!u: u1tufl 0.iltfl{n{fiufi

(ufrnn:ilfl0nfl?)

50

100

150

200

250

300

,m0

500

600

704

800

900

1000

24.0

s0.4

76.8

rc3.2

129.6

156.0

208.8

261..6

314.4

367.2

420.0

472.8

525.6

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(osPtrrryarGua)

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(1ru Jn: fi nr u sio rvu 6rru sr :)

2I

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

1305

1332

1359

1386

1413

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d q 4 dt J jo- r d a 4 9 4 u A 6 u 6 u re,t e

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11

9)

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nsnralurirlnuil:s:lnrldleunr:rirurarrrnriranrnrirly,lfirti;n16'}raldrndosiflanrildr

'lylfir (conductivity meter) tun:fiil0,:ufiri{rirt::ilvrfili'lhJ oroosl#a:lnr:nrrrudrufiufi uY. o u rcl i o aitn roqro ,a

lro{dr:mnvn-iu InnudRrurirldflrd.:arrur:crdraun',tdlt]1#1unr:il:srurru:J?rureuar:fiheq !,r,t,

nvn'lu t9r tuu'l tgr9t?u

t-25

Dissolved Solid(mgil) : (0.45X1.02) (K)

Aoatla'dtlJ 0 t : q il il QtJ lJ 0': 9l ? 0 u't': u'r [lJ u o { fl 1 lryn lsud

o ut rti e t ! t dt U s a r aK : dn -tyi u't t1,{ 1.,i I u 0 { n ? 0 u I { u't 14 u ? u [lJ u txJ lfl : ry []J u gl 0 lryu Fr[:J Fl :

n. rJ:vlsmiro{nr:rrriranl nirb'|fi rt

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qflJnrilro{ilrlrinnruil:y nr: 6'rodr': rduI

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J o i oq, a t d a n r

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I o.r t u t n : ry [xJ u er o rryu fi ru sr : m f o k ln : l:*{si o rryu A [:J sl :

1. Conductivity Meter, YSI Model 33 S-C-T Meter, YSI Incorporated, Yellow

Spring Instrument Co., Ltd., Yellow Spring, OH, USA

12

2. Water Qualify Monitor, Solomat Model WP803, Solomat Neotronics, USA

t. ln rrm atfi uil n n o'[: d(Potassiun Chloride, AR Grade, Merck) lu nr: rsr5 uxlgtgtAa'

dr:nynruilrel:$runriln?rilrdildilfrtrdn{luar:r.: s.r rfiolfflunr:rJiurfiuuilra:$rud a iqyq s o ul rg a .i a

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rryuntlJFriI

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7.456 niil as nrfl luilrnn ui!rq(f rfr fi anrvnir'lvlfi r rio un'ir t'lru In : J:r#dsrqu6rru sr :)

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l:d G.Iuct) fiI:rrnqnro'rluduil Na) rflurj:vquxn 6no^efi'ul:Jrnqntornao?u (ct-) d.r

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13

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I4

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- t ed q r !3. 0iln:iulfluFr?0ul{1]tt,

ld s r a4. qilf'l:il[nufl?081'retua{q6s4/raa5. tFr : o.: [tn?dll.t:u ? [n:'ly fi il :tJ]il tnn 0n3 a]utu saturation extract

6. dr: tfl fi dtfi iilirn : ry r{ rj?ru rar rnfr onu n'lulu saturation extract9t

7. rirnd'uj

8. [fl10.1 Flame speclrophotometer

9. pH meter

I 0. rnio{ n orufi rrn ofdrfi irL rfi uu Iil: rrf,i: illria{lu k ln: irj: rrydrcrof

r r. qrJn:nir6orusio:yrirsrndstnoilfitsrofuay'h ln:}J:rrydrsof

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15

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T7

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si

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18

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grJfi rz ur.r.rr,rr:b,{rilrrirurranrrunzuo,:rn*or{nrrirnr:rirlv{fi.r,,uufi z

tueiruloqnr:il:vnouup'r{rst:{flrirnr:rh'[r,{firrrayrrr.r{?{r: rrcgrq r{a rsd][rr.r{?{r:J y v - i q9 , ia cc

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!

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t9

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flarddflilforJlrfiri.:dtu'lyh4rruipr 9 vott 6',:udon1ugr.Jfi t4 rlnv t5

grlii r+ uH.rxt:b{flrciruinuavuau.,nrafirlrvnoilaqnrisruarafi'nrisruund{drfl'ly,htrrlurfl 9 volt

grJ ii r s uar': :{ o : ldfi r rir u in un y uan { run fi il : y n o un.: nrio {il ardfin

20

rll:uflel.ltinocl#Fir digital output nrflup.r'r?{0:irrrirnr:rir'lrtr1rdfirirritil analog

ruilnwrrflu digital lnuldlilJn:nouIn:nrnoi:rrt#Inut#cr:asnrou.,rrg.,ufim:rrrirnr:

rirlvhlrfirrduouttdrrurisrrir digital rirrrair{n:ry{unymrnlldruri'uf,vr:L.jrnlud'ur&'ud

:vr'r'jrlrirnr:rirh'lfirfiurir digitat output firirqrr:rnfirir R-square rvirfii 0.999 6'{uda,rlugrlal--t J o o v , ! u r ofi to d'sfuffiot:rdr6'?otrr{dttrrinFirnr:rirlvlfirrrnsn:runir digital ourput rsfirld'r:rm:ruI o V ttl 9J

n1fll:Ut [?'.{}\191?U

ErJttl

IJtrl

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

,i u u Jgil fi t o n r r ru d'rurfi'u f: y r,t,i r,: pii n r: ri r lylfi r (EC) un y ri i digital output

z. nr: 5n ril3 eru rfi uu fi'r rndo {ir fi do rr n six il: y rn a

nr:nflno{iorirnr:rirlvhtroro.:lir,ilEaurfiuriierul#rn*ociflfifi'rirurdu,iuA - iC , , n ,e

tn5o.:iflfrfrotrnsirsil:vtilf, {tu?u : ni{ nr:ril3uilrfiuuflu'irlusir{rirnr:rirTvhlr

200-3800 pS/cm nr:isrETrutniot{srfirfi'slutto.rlrnrrn+osorneir{il:yrmflfin?1iltvi

t tn n sir': tiu tqfi u 3.7 1, 2.9 8 r ro v 3.6 r% eir u nr :i rn : r; #ri r afi fi n rr:r un n siri: v fi .ir.:

A - i- 'rnSo { 5fl fr fi gr u t ro.: r rn s ln6o.: r r n d tl :.J : v ryr slpr uld ttest n l.i i ri r fi {n r r n rn$o l in fiq C r r hrt{fltutto':ttnvln?o{0lneir.:rJ:srvrghilrnneir{riuyrr.:afifid'{uagr{luflr:rrfi nt, Lrl2

rtnv 1l tl nsiodx'l:fisrrurndo':fin{*u'tdud{rrflu6o,:r&'nruisiolrjlerunr:uandr.:ier&

oonrilurr.r 0-10,0-100, t-t000 unv 0-10000;.rS/cm drorvirlr{rtrinydr,: inlduvt6uou'tndu drmirn:tfirndo'?5flrirnr:rirb'{rilrfir&'nrurld'drnurycrufirsriihJlddluvqticssesa

tll lJ u ? ? fi [ [u u ? fi pt 0 [u0.: lu : r u u n t : gr : r t i Et t tt_t l o n I u :]d

y= 0.007x2+ 9.061x + 33.14Rr = 0.999

21

p{ n R 1 : il n n o { ier ri t n r : d t b,ht r t er ul #rn io.r ifl fi fi'eil u r du,iu rn f o { ie, fi do o r n

sir{il:ytne nlrruuuuu9ufi ,

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,v4(fl]:m9no{n:svr 1)

J; , t dtn5{yr I (r{ururilu pS/cm)

4stFt:o':11gJtlt'lto.1

irrta:0{gt't':lJ:ytytff % different

254

829

1 185

r520

2t30

2309

3447

4088

253

820

1150

1470

2040

2200

3280

3810

teng

0.40

1.10

3.04

3.40

4.41

4.9s

5.09

7.30

3.7r

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Avt€t:oil?{gIu'lto,1 tsrdossirsil:s ryrs

Mean

Variance

Observations

Pooled Variance

Hlpothesized Mean

Difference

df

t Stat

P(T<:t) one-tail

t Critical one-tail

P(T<{) two-tail

t Critical, two-tail

Ig't0.25

1696176.s

8

1582702.027

1877.875

1469227.554

0

I4

0.146853691

4.M2670643

1.7613 101 15

0.885341285

2.144786681

22

in ri r n r : ri r'[ y,hil r I er u 1 #rn f o r 5n fi fi sl u r du fiu rn i o { in fi do n r nr{4fl]:mnn0{r r J;

a]{il:ytytfl fl 1:ilnno{fi:,1Yt 2

ni:rqfi s ritnr:rir'lr'lflro,ooriridiprd'rurndo.:ip,firTerurdufi'urnio,rinfiry%mnsii{il:yrT1ffyr

-dd(nl:nnn0{n:{yt 2)

"7i . t cn

n:{Yl 2 (}1U?UliJu trS/cm)d-

tn:CI'11ISJIlJ'1t0.1Att

tn:0{9t1.1:J:ytylfl % different

258

832

TT75

r524

2147

2319

3457

4095

254

828

I 160

1480

207s

2225

3290

3910

Alan0

1.57

0.48

t.29

2.97

3.47

4.22

5.08

4.73

2.s8

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

A*[n:o{ilalu1[o{

Ar,lfi:o{gr1{lJ:u [Ytf,

Mean

Variance

Observations

Pooled Variance

Hypothesized Mean Difference

df

t Stat

P(T<{) one-tail

t Critical one-tail

P(T<t) two-tail

t Critical fwo-tail

1975.875

170522s.268

8

1616247.s98

0

t4

0.1 1503816

0.4s5024268

1..76t3t0lIs

0.910048537

2.t4478668r

1902.75

1s27269.929

23

run nr:?rnno{{nFirnr:drlv{rilrlor ul#rer*or{q fi fi'sr u,du fiu,udorinfi do mn9t

sirril:v ryrw nr:ilnno{n;{fi 3

ar:r{fi o rirnr:rir'lvlfirzuo'rrirfi{nd'rurndo{{oftfruaurdufi:Lrnfe{{nfidorrnsirsilTvryrfi

(nr:mornoqni{fi :).ii - r &

n5{yr 3 (r{ururilu pS/cm)

4etn:0'1?,{flu'l[0{

i'lfl:0'19t].tlJ:g t1]d % different

260

836

1 180

1510

2t57

2330

3437

4068

250

825

II52

I475

2060

2230

327s

3890

dlnnfl

4.00

1.33

2.43

2.37

4.7t

4.48

4.95

4.58

3.61

ni.rfi g

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

A-[n:0':?'{g}lU1[O.:

i'tFl:O'1Fl'l{1ltg t?lfl

Mean

Variance

Observations

Pooled Variance

Hypothesized Mean Difference

df

t Stat

P(T<{) one-tail

t Critical one-tail

P(T<:t) two-tail

t Critical two-tail

1972.25

1680568.214

8

1597658.955

0

14

0.t22825791

0.45199s429

1.761310115

0.903990857

2.14478668r

t894.625

1514749.696

24

t{n nr:ilnaoq{orirnt: ilrlvhililnuldrnf osifl fi frslurduroufiurniorierfi do orn

, u 9u fi t yr u'i r ri r n r : ri r lyl fi r cr o.r til ti ;r 1'l'l u n ru dru r&'u drfi r rdu a,: il r nd r a a d t v d I s 9 .:

{

frriraudrufiurirvirfiu 0.ggg7 fiarunr:rdurrurlfru y: 0.9305x+44.47 6'{rrder.:lugrJfi rr

grJii u nrrrudrurt'ud:vr.r'jrsritnr:rir'lr,lfirto-:rnio'riflfifi'gilurduro.rriurniorinrrn9t

sir':rJ:yryrg (nr:mnnorni{fi r)

t{n nr:nnno.:Sorirnr:ilrldrtrior uldrniesiq fi frruurduros fru rnio.riorfi do orn9t9t

eirrrJ:vrvts nr:ilfln0.:nirfi z r^ru'irrirnr:rirb^lfirqro'rrirfi5rrld'finrr:rd:tti'uf,rfi{rdua{rurn

firiranri'rrVuflvirfi'r 0.9999 fiarnr:r#uuurlrh y: 0.9463x+ 32.92 d.:ucewlu;ilfi rgI

ri -- u v d t , o ut t9{ 4 - i. 3 - A uailil l8 9t?11Jflil?\Ut:v14?1':n1fl1:U't [?11{11J0.:tn:0{?Anfl9}tU]1lU[0':flU[n:0{1n0'ln

!t

sirsil:yryrg (ni:ileraosnfcfi z)

4500

4000

3500

E 3000

SS zsooF-f,

tooo?-6

troo

1000

500

0

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

$t4tinIao

y=0.9305x +44.471

R2 = 0.9997

4500

4000

3500

E 3000

F!i 25ooFf, ,oool--6

rsoo

1000

500

0

500 1000 lJ00 2000 2500 3000 3J00 4000 4500

r{oturrao

y =0.9463x +32.917

P = 0.9999

25

inrirni:rir'lv{fi rlout#rn*o{{nfi frnurduror fiurnderir'fi du r',nt{afl1:ylfla0{' e ,

sirril:yryrs fl"r:rnno{nfuii : nru'irrirnr:rirly,lttr',ruuri',fiiu'ls1finlrudrur{'ufrfi{rduar:nnq

d r q a ? r v d t s9firirandm&'ufrvirfi'u o.ggsg fiaruni:rduuurld:r y:0.9493x+ 22.30 6'{rrderrlugrJfi re

:rjft rq nrrrufirufrud:su'irrrirnr:rir'lr,hilrcresrn6o.rinfiri'erurdurorfi'rLrndssinnrntt.

sir.:il:y ryr g (nr:mor norn f'rfi E)

4500

4000

35Q0

g 3000

sd zsooF? ,ooo

-6 rroo

1000

500

0

0 500 1000 1500 20q0 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Y=0.9493x+223A9FP = 0.9999

*i

26

d?il

pj a n r : fi'fl u r rn i o': {n n r : ri i 1 yl fl i r o uir u n v fi u a q il 1 6'6'r d

l. ld'r':n:lvlflrdruiusr:roSorrirnr:rirlvlfirro.:rirludr{ 200-3800 pS/cm Isrufirirrdvttgt

I rsl fl 9t 1 { 0 1 fl rn : 0 { {fl 0 1 n Fi r,: il : v rm g#o unxf 3 .7 I %

2. t{nn1:Snrirni:rirlvlfirtrntnfoliprftrt'murdu,o,rfiurn*0,:iprornsiiq:J:yrns'[riI 9 AA

ltgt fl 9t t{ nun't'1 dfl fi

^ i - A- & dr h rd r r v rdr - J r3. tn:o't?9r11?'{9}lu11,u[0.1[ilu[[1JU [:Jufl]:tt]"J'ls?'li9tttFttilun'l:i9t9t{[[9i0-4,000

.4dr-drdq'pS/cm 6r fr ni r n r : isr fr un n si x r r fl m5o.: ier I I n si r,l il : s ryt g fi fi nr : urj s dr s {Fr

dtj00n[lJus?.16,|

I

4. rer6o':iflfifierurffutoru.i:trvrtrNirdrrflur?riflrriludsrIu:jsr'lu:yuuln:xJ-rsr:Iqo

9r:?0?nqfuntTru'r

{orcuortus

l. nr:ri'slurriou0er0'rn?{0:{erirnr:ilr'lvlfiiuursiorfio,rrflunr:{nrruurflurirr1doq9verdio,rrdry{0Yyl'l llifl1:?9tttnnys?{ny[0ugrutnuuilnta?'ltJttflngt1,:t]nfitxJ'tgl:gtuilofln{

2. n?:fi'sJur?,te;h?ficJurerfinnr fiun:sua'lvlfitloflarrdol#lduuri.riirfl'h^hurer

rff n r rn v 1#': r u'[ du r u ]q u hj sio.r uJ 6 u u ull er rn 0dI

3. rlrhJt#fi':"r:y ilu lil:ilter: er:x rifl nfl ntfl d'1

4. mr:rJiurJq':nr:incro{rndo,:ic,fifi'eilurduro,:lnuuri,:dr{nr:{nnr:rirly,htr

oonrflusir{nr:rirlylfird, no,u,,urq.rrvl^or{rld'nr:inrirqnrio,:uriudrrurndu

27

ronil:dr{6.rA .f ca ^ ld rd I r1. n::iilnrf ffifrln. nr:riityhh: rnfimtrrir rirlaln:nuavnl:irn51vri. firur{

9t

nf.rfi r. nE{lyrilil?{'l unz .2544. uilt sl-as.

2. trfiryeE HJ'ts:s# ttns dflur urirfr'uvr:ru uvi.zsqe.rndo,rfioinriinrnrrjr'h,rhilr

nrnisrisrn: :llv{fl r naryafl?n::ilqranf ruHrimurd'ucJouuriu.

3. American Public Health Association. Standard methods for the Examination of

water and wastewater. 20ued. washingon, DC: American pubric Health

Association, Lggl.P.2-M - 2-47.

4. American Society for Testing and Materials. Annual book of ASTM standards.

5. American Public Health Association. Standard methods for the Examination of

water and wastewater.20eed. washington, DC: American pubric Health

Association, rgg8.P.2-4-2-47. section 11, vol. ll.0lphiladelphia, pA: ASTM,

1999, Pgl-97