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FOUNDATION FOR THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENT
Resource and Socio-Economic Assessment Data Requirements
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RESOURCE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT DATAREQUIREMENTSPURPOSE
Presented herein is the range of information that needs to be gathered for theassessment of key biodiversity areas for potential site-focused projects of FPE.These include assessment of biodiversity and the socio-cultural, economic andgeopolitical situation of the sites. The Resource and Socio-Economic Assessment(RSEA) will provide the technical information needed to assess and plan the mostappropriate intervention for the site. Specifically, the RSEA is intended for thefollowing purpose and uses:
1) Baseline inventory in sites without previous studies, the RSEA will providethe baseline inventory and information on the general status of biodiversity
and other information;
2) Habitat and species assessments - Gather information on the status ofhabitats and species. This is important for identifying focus habitats andspecies for the conservation intervention (e.g., threatened habitats andspecies). The RSEA may also provide information that is indicative of thegeneral health or condition of the area, habitat or species;
3) Change assessment In sites with baseline information and/or previousconservation interventions, the RSEA would provide the information on theeffects of disturbances or conservation interventions on the area, habitat or
species;
4) Socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical resource assessment providesinformation on the factors that contribute to the condition or state of the siteand determines the potential for conservation and sustainable use of thebiodiversity in the area.
RSEA DATA REQUIREMENT
Component Objective Output Recommended
Methodology
I . BIOPHYSICAL PROFILEA. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY
list of habitat types Survey using GPS
area of each habitat type(in hectares)
Survey using GPS
1. Habitats Identification of the majorhabitats in the area andlocation of each habitat
habitat map (geo- Survey using GPS
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
referenced)
List of activities within thehabitat
- Interviews &direct observation
To identify how eachhabitat type is utilized andvalued by the community Effects of habitat use Interviews
Direct obs.
List of plants per habitat transect - quadrat
Community structure(life stage, growth habit andform)
Identification of lifestage, growth habitand form peridentified individualwithin the transect -quadrat
To know the plantcommunity structure andcomposition of eachhabitat type
Plant diversity index perhabitat
Index of Dominance(e.g. Simpsonsindex)Index of Diversity(e.g., Shannon-Weiner)
To identify importantspecies for conservation
List of threatened, endemic,invasive plants
Table survey
1. Flora(per habitat type)
To gather information onthe value of the plants inthe area
List of plants and plantparts with scientific,cultural, nutritional,economic & socialsignificance
Interviews, direct
observation, literature review
Inventory of fauna perhabitat type
List of bird species List amphibians &
reptiles List of mammals (volant
& non-volant)
Mist netting:birds, bats
Transect walk:birds, herps
Trapping: herpsmammals
bioacoustics: all
To identify importantspecies for conservation
List of threatened, endemic,invasive birds,herpetofauna andmammalian species
Secondaryliterature;
directobservation
2. Fauna
Per habitat type:
Birds
Herpetofauna (reptiles &
amphibians)
Mammals
Other groupsdepending onavailability ofexpertise
To gather information onthe value of fauna
Listing of birds,herpetofauna andmammals with scientific,cultural, nutritional,economic, social & culturalsignificance
Interviews, direct
observation, literature review
B. MARINE BIODIVERSITY (if applicable)To determine the locationof the different marinehabitats and extent
geo-referenced mapshowing the location of thehabitats and coverage (inhas.)
Survey using GPS5. Habitats
Coral Reef Seagrasses Mangrove Soft-bottom Sand
To determine thecondition of each habitatby knowing the species
List of coral species (hardand soft) and per centcover per species
Line intercept
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
List of coral species (hardand soft) and per centcover per species
Line intercept
List of seagrass species(including associatedmacro-algal species) andper cent cover per species
Transect - quadrat
List of mangrove species Belt transect
composition andabundance for eachhabitat type
computation of diversityindices per habitat type
Simpsons Indexof Dominance;
Shannon-WeinerDiversity Index
List of fishes per habitattype
Fish visual censusalong a transectusing SCUBA
To determine the fishcomposition per habitattype
Computation of speciesrichness, density andbiomass (standing stock)
Fish visual censusalong a transectusing SCUBA
MargalefsSpecies Richness
To determine thepresence of other speciese.g., macroinvertebrates;macroalgae; birds,amphibians, mammals inmangroves
List of other species foundin these communities
Belt-transect (alsorefer to methods foranimals underterrestrialbiodiversity)
To identify importantspecies for conservation
List of threatened, endemic,invasive species per habitat
literature review direct observ.
ALSO, ifsignificantly large: lagoons/
estuaries marshes sand dunes
To gather information on
the value of habitats andspecies therein
Indicate habitats and listing
of species therein withscientific, cultural,nutritional, economic, social& cultural significance
Interviews Direct observ. literature review
List of commerciallyimportant fishes from thearea
Fish visualcensus usingSCUBA
Shorelineenumeration andinterviews /market surveys
Profile and inventory ofcommercial fishes in thearea / catch composition
- list of fishes caught with
size
Measurement of
total lengthsIdentification of fishingmethods and descriptionof fishing gears
List of fishing gears usedand specifications / gear- net length and width- mesh size- hook size
Shorelineenumeration /interviews
6. FisheriesProfile
To determine fishingefficiency
Information on catch perunit effort (CPUE) andincome per unit effort
Shorelineenumeration to gettotal weight of
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
(IPUE) per gear catch, total fishinghours, fishinghours/fisher, totalvalue of catch
List of MPAs with thefollowing data:- date & data on
establishment- description
To produce a profile ofexisting MPAs
Geo-referenced map ofMPAs
Interviews Secondary data
gathering
7.MarineProtected Areas(MPA)
To determine the value ofMPAs
Data on catch compositionand CPUE from areassurrounding MPAs (may becompared with non-MPA)
Shorelineenumeration andinterviews toobtain data oncatchcomposition andweight
C. PHYSICAL PROFILEEnumeration anddescription of the naturalland features, e.g.,mountains, valleys, etc.including elevation, slopeand other features
Field survey secondary data
To get a profile of thenatural features andterrain of the site
Topographic maps Secondary data
List of the watershed anddrainage basins in the area
1. Topography
To identify the watershedsand drainage basins inthe region Watershed and drainage
map
Secondary data
To determine climate typeof the area
Rainfall pattern and climateclassification
2. Climate
To know if the area is atyphoon hazard
Narrative and listing ofsignificant typhoonoccurrences and effects
Secondary data
Soil type Secondary datafrom Bureau ofSoils/ MAO
Soil - To determine theland capability by the soiltype/s present
Soil map Secondary dataBureau of Soils /MAO
List and description ofmineral and energyresources in the area
Natural Resources todetermine the presenceand value of naturalresources in the area Identify use of these
resources such as thepresence of mining,exploration and otherextractive activities
Secondary datafrom MGB/ fieldsurvey/ validation
3. Geology
Geo-hazards to identify List and description of fault Secondary data
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
lines, landslide-proneareas, volcanoes and othergeo-hazards
from MGB
List and description ofsignificant natural disastersin the area (earthquakes,tsunami, landslides,flooding etc.)
hazard-prone areas andobtain information on theoccurrence and effect ofnatural disasters in theseareas
Geo-referenced map ofhazard prone areas
Secondary datafrom MGB/disaster councils
interviews
List and description ofsources, e.g,- mobile sources (vehicles)- industrial facilities
(factories, processingplants)
- waste (landfills, minetailings, garbage dumps,piggeries)
Site visits interviews secondary data
from MPDC
5. Air quality To determine sources andindicators of air pollution
If and when applicable,data on levels of gaspollutants (e.g., carbonmonoxide, sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide, hydrogensulfide) particulate matter,etc.
Air sampling andsecondary data
List of water bodies (withnames is applicable)
Interviews actual survey Secondary data
To identify the majorwater bodies within thearea (e.g., lakes, rivers,
marshlands, etc.) andlocation
Geo-referenced mapshowing the location andapproximate size of waterbodies (lakes, ponds,marshes, etc.)
Survey usingGPS
Secondary data
To determine the value ofthese water bodies
Description of uses orsignificance
Interviews actual observ. secondary data
Data on dissolved oxygen(DO), biological oxygendemand (BOD),turbidity/suspended solids,pH levels, coliform levels
6. Inland Waters
To determine waterquality of inland waters
List of point sources ofpollution
Field sampling Secondary data
To know the major currentpatterns in the area
Description, direction andseasonality of currentpatterns
Field sampling Secondary data
Data on pH, salinity,turbidity, coliform levels
7. Marine waters
To determine the qualityof nearshore / coastalwaters To identify point sources of
pollution
Field sampling Secondary data
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
I I . SOCIOCULTURAL PROFILEA. SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Household data: family size sex & age structure of
family members education / literacy level
of family members occupation & income
Householdinterviews
Population data: Total population of the
community Age and sex structure
Number of householdsin the community Annual population
growth Migration patterns
Population map
1. Population anddemographics
Description of thepopulation anddemographic factors ofcommunities in the area
Settlement map
Secondary datafrom barangay /municipality
2. Housing andhouseholdcharacteristics
To obtain housing andhousehold characteristicsthat are indicators ofincome and socio-economic conditions ofthe area
House description: ownership of H&L housing & roofing
material type of lighting toilet facility
source of water source of fuel ownership of goods
(appliances, vehicles)
Householdinterview
directobservation
Health demographics: # and incidence of
malnourished children infant, child and adult
mortality rate community age structure
3. Health Database and profile thehealth situation in thecommunities
Health services # health centers and
description of healthservices available
# BHW # hilots
Secondary datafrom health center,DOH, DSWD
4. Socialinstitutions andservices
To identify and describeeach social institutionpresent including thedegree and quality ofservice and peoplesaccess to these services
List (including names) anddescription of serviceprovided: schools churches & religious
denominations mass media
Survey &interviews
Secondary data
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
apart frombusiness/enterpriseactivities including incomeobtained from thesesources
Poverty mapping Secondary data
B. DEVELOPMENT AND INTERVENTIONS PROFILEList and profile of projectsand investments
Field survey Secondary data
Investment maps
When appropriate, a profileof the short-medium-long-term development plans forthe area
1. DevelopmentProjects andInvestments
To Identify developmentprojects and investmentsespecially those thatdirectly affect or influencethe environment (e.g.,mining, loggingconcessions, etc.)
Discussion of theseprojects and impact on theenvironment
Secondary datafrom LGU
2. Infrastructure To identify majorinfrastructure in thecommunity (existing andplanned)
List and description Secondary datafrom LGU
List and description ofexisting and potentialecotourism spots, includingecotourism plans
Secondary datafrom DOT and otherGAs, barangayLGUs
Geo-referenced map ofecotourism sites
Secondary data mapping with site
verification
Description of affiliatedservices, includingpresence/absence),condition of:- roads and transportation- lodging places and
restaurants- restrooms and other
amenities- security- presence of guides,
porters, etc.- Others
Field verification Interviews with
appropriate GAsand LGU
3. EcotourismPotentials
To profile the ecotourismpotential of the area
Discussion of the localperception andacceptability by thecommunity
Interview with thecommunity
4. Macrotrends To describe the regionaltrends in the political,economic, cultural arenawhere the communitiesarea situated
Listing and description of: Economic development
plans Political situation Cultural situation
Interviews withcommunity, LGU/LGA
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
IV. GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONIdentification ofadministrative and politicalboundaries and areacoverage
Political map showingboundaries
Secondary datafrom LGU
1. AdministrativeBoundaries
Description of boundariesand understanding of anyrelated issues
Discussion of boundaryissues (if these exists)
Interviews
Enumeration of land usezones and area (inhectares)
geo-referenced maps onland-use and geo-political
maps
Secondary datafrom LGU
2. Land Use andClassification
Understanding of landzoning and issues on landuse.
Land use and tenure issues Interviews
List of existing tenurialinstruments and coverage
Mapping of land ownership
3. TenurialArrangementsand LandOwnership
To get a profile of the landownership and tenurialprofile in the site
Identification anddiscussion of existingtenurial or land ownershipissues.
Secondary data interviews
V. INSTITUTIONAL AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTSIdentification of governancestructures in place
Discussion of resourcemanagement capability ofthese mandated structures
1. Governance Discussion of the existinggovernance structures
Peace and order situation
Interviews
Listing and discussion oflocal environmentallegislation including statusof enforcement
Listing of nationallegislation that impactlocally
Secondary data2. Policyframework
Understanding of the localpolicies and legislationpertaining to environmentan conservation
List of stakeholders such
as: Local government units Government agencies Academic institutions Church denominations /
church-based groups CSOs (NGOs, POs) Businesses Influential individuals Others (to be identified)
Interviews
FGDs
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Component Objective Output RecommendedMethodology
3. Stakeholdermapping
Identification of differencestakeholders that haveinterests in the communityand/or natural resourcesand who wield certaininfluence in the area andthe type and degree ofinfluence and/orinteractions betweenthese groups
List of stakeholders suchas: Local government units Government agencies Academic institutions Church denominations /
church-based groups CSOs (NGOs, POs) Businesses Influential individuals Others (to be identified)
Interviews FGDs
FINAL REPORT OUTLINE
HEADINGSPreface
Acknowledgements
Executive Summary
Acronyms
List of Table, Figures, Appendices, Annexes
I. Introduction
II. Profile of the Sites
A. Historical Background
B. Local, Regional, National context (political, economic, cultural)
C. Conservation Importance
1. Biogeography
2. Conservation status and intervention (past, present, future)
3. Past and present conservation programs / projects
III. Rural Site Appraisal ResultsA. Biophysical Profile
1. Terrestrial Biodiversity
a) Habitats
b) Flora
c) Fauna
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(c1) Birds
(c2) Herpetofauna
(c3) Mammals
(c4) Others (as may be present)
2. Marine Biodiversity
a) Habitats: Coral Reefs, Seagrass, Mangrove, Others (as may be present)
b) Fisheries Profile
c) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
3. Physical Profile
a) Topography
b) Climate
c) Geology and soil types
d) Geo hazards
e) Air quality
f) Inland waters
g) Marine waters
B. Socio-Cultural Profile
1. Social and Demographic Profile
a) Social institutions and services
b) Population and demographics
c) Housing and household characteristics
d) Health
e) Social institutions and services
f) Others kinship patterns & social networks; recreational patterns, political &religious affiliations, etc.
2. Cultural Profile
a) Ethnic groups
b) Traditions, mores and beliefs
c) Gender data and issues
C. Economic Profile
1. Livelihood
a) Enterprise and Livelihood Activities
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b) Income profile
2. Development and Interventions Profile
a) Development projects and investmentsb) Infrastructure
c) Ecotourism Potentials
d) Macrotrends
D. Geopolitical Condition
1. Administrative boundaries
2. Land use and classification
3. Tenurial arrangements and land ownership
4. Policies and legislation
E. Institutional and Management Arrangements
1. Governance
2. Stakeholder profiles
3. Policies and legislation
IV. Discussion / Management Challenges
V. Recommendations
References
Appendices
Annexes