RTN 605 Product Description(V100R005C00_03)

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OptiX RTN 605 Radio Transmission System

V100R005C00

Product Description

Issue 03

Date 2010-05-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.





Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written

consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice

The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the

customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the

purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations

of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang

Shenzhen 518129

People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Issue 03 (2010-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

i

http://www.huawei.com/





About This Document

Related Versions

Product Name Version

OptiX RTN 605 1D/2D/1E/2E V100R005C00

iManager U2000 V100R002C00

Intended Audience

This document is intended for network planning engineers.

Before you read this document, ensure that you have acquired the basic knowledge of digital

microwave communication.

Symbol Conventions

The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,

which if not avoided, will result in death or

serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level

of risk, which if not avoided, could result in

minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation,

which if not avoided, could result in

equipment damage, data loss, performance

degradation, or unexpected results.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description About This Document



iii



Symbol Description

Indicates a tip that may help you solve a

problem or save time.

Provides additional information to emphasizeor supplement important points of the main

text.

Update History

Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains

all updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 03 (2010-05-30) Based on Product Version V100R005C00

This document is the third release of the V100R005C00 version.

Compared with the second release, the updated contents are as follows:

Update Description

1.2 Components The descriptions of 13/18 GHz XMC-1 ODU

are added.6.1 RF Performance


This document is the second release of the V100R005C00 version.

Compared with the first release, the updated contents are as follows:

Update Description

1.2 Components The descriptions of XMC-1 ODU are added.

6.1.2 Frequency Band

6.1.4 Transceiver Performance

The whole document The information about the OptiX RTN 605

V100R003 is deleted.


This document is the first release of the V100R005C00 version.

About This Document

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description

iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential


Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Contents

About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Positioning.......................................................................................................................................................1-2

1.2 Components.....................................................................................................................................................1-31.3 Configuration Model.......................................................................................................................................1-6

2 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................2-1

2.1 Microwave Type.............................................................................................................................................2-2

2.1.1 Mini PDH Radio.....................................................................................................................................2-2

2.1.2 Mini IP Radio.........................................................................................................................................2-2

2.2 RF Configuration Modes...................................................................................... ...........................................2-3

2.3 Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................................2-3

2.3.1 Service Interfaces...................................................................................................................................2-3

2.3.2 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces...................................................................................................2-4

2.4 Automatic Transmit Power Control................................................................................................................2-5

2.5 Ethernet Processing Capability.......................................................................................................................2-5

2.6 Protection Ca pability.......................................................................................................................................2-6

2.7 Network Management.....................................................................................................................................2-6

2.8 Easy Installation..............................................................................................................................................2-6

2.9 Easy Maintenance...........................................................................................................................................2-7

3 Product Architecture..................................................................................................................3-1

3.1 System Ar chitecture........................................................................................................................................3-2

3.2 Hardware Architecture....................................................................................................................................3-3

3.2.1 IDU.................................................................................................................. .......................................3-3

3.2.2 ODU.......................................................................................................................................................3-5

3.3 Software Architecture.....................................................................................................................................3-7

3.3.1 NMS Software............................................................................................................. ...........................3-7

3.3.2 IDU Software.........................................................................................................................................3-7

3.3.3 ODU Software............................................................................................................. ...........................3-8

3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow......................................................................................................................3-8

3.4.1 Mini PDH Radio....................................................................................................................................3-8

3.4.2 Mini IP Radio.......................................................................................................................................3-10

4 Networking..................................................................................................................................4-1

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description Contents



v



4.1 Mini PDH Radio..............................................................................................................................................4-2

4.2 Mini IP Radio..................................................................................................................................................4-3

5 Network Management System................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Network Management Solution...................................................................................................................... 5-25.2 Web LCT.........................................................................................................................................................5-2

5.3 U2000..............................................................................................................................................................5-3

6 Technical Specifications...........................................................................................................6-1

6.1 RF Perfor mance...............................................................................................................................................6-2

6.1.1 Radio Working Modes...........................................................................................................................6-2

6.1.2 Frequency Band......................................................................................................................................6-3

6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity................................................................................................................................6-6

6.1.4 Transceiver Performance........................................................................................................................6-8

6.1.5 IF Performance.....................................................................................................................................6-116.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem....................................................................6-12

6.2 Equipment Reliability...................................................................................................................................6-12

6.2.1 Com ponent Reliability................................................................................................... ......................6-12

6.2.2 Link Reliability....................................................................................................................................6-13

6.3 Interface Performance...................................................................................................................................6-13

6.3.1 PDH Interface Performance.................................................................................................................6-13

6.3.2 Ethernet Interface Performance............................................................................................................6-14

6.3.3 Auxiliary Interface Performance..........................................................................................................6-15

6.4 Jitter Performance.........................................................................................................................................6-16

6.5 Integrated System Performance....................................................................................................................6-16

7 Standards Compliance..............................................................................................................7-1

7.1 ITU-R Standards............................................................................................................................................. 7-2

7.2 ETSI Standar ds................................................................................................................................................7-2

7.3 Relevant IEC Standards.................................................................................................................................. 7-3

7.4 ITU-T Standards..............................................................................................................................................7-4

7.5 IETF Standar ds................................................................................................................................................7-5

7.6 IEEE Standar ds............................................................................................................................................... 7-5

7.7 Environmental Standards................................................................................................................................ 7-6

A Glossary.....................................................................................................................................A-1

A.1 0-9..................................................................................................................................................................A-2

A.2 A-E................................................................................................................................................................A-2

A.3 F-J................................................................................................................................................................A-11

A.4 K-O..............................................................................................................................................................A-16

A.5 P-T...............................................................................................................................................................A-22

A.6 U-Z..............................................................................................................................................................A-30

Contents

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description

vi Huawei Proprietary and Confidential


Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Figures

Figure 1-1 Mini PDH radio tail access solution provided by the OptiX RTN 605..............................................1-2

Figure 1-2 Mini IP radio tail access solution.......................................................................................................1-3

Figure 1-3 IDU 605 (in the case of the IDU 605 2E)...........................................................................................1-4

Figure 1-4 Direct mounting .................................................................................................................................1-6

Figure 1-5 Separate mounting..............................................................................................................................1-6

Figure 2-1 Mini PDH radio..................................................................................................................................2-2

Figure 2-2 Mini IP Radio.....................................................................................................................................2-3

Figure 3-1 System architecture.............................................................................................................................3-2

Figure 3-2 Logic board configuration for the IDU 605 .......................................................................................3-4

Figure 3-3 Block diagram of the ODU.................................................................................................................3-6

Figure 3-4 Software architecture of the OptiX RTN 605.....................................................................................3-7

Figure 3-5 Signal processing flow........................................................................................................................3-8

Figure 3-6 Service signal processing flow.........................................................................................................3-10

Figure 4-1 Mini PDH radio tail access solution (independently).........................................................................4-2Figure 4-2 Mini PDH radio tail access solution (together with other OptiX RTN NEs).....................................4-2

Figure 4-3 Mini IP radio tail access solution.......................................................................................................4-3

Figure 5-1 NM solution of a transport network...................................................................................................5-2

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description Figures



vii





Tables

Table 1-1 Intr oduction to the IDU 605.................................................................................................................1-3

Table 1-2 RT N 600 ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 605.............................................................................1-5

Table 1-3 RT N XMC ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 605..........................................................................1-5

Table 1-4 Configuration model of the OptiX RTN 605.......................................................................................1-7

Table 2-1 RF configuration modes.......................................................................................................................2-3

Table 2-2 Ser vice interfaces.................................................................................................................................2-4

Table 2-3 Management and auxiliary interfaces.................................................................................................. 2-4

Table 2-4 Auxiliary services or paths transmitted by each microwave interface.................................................2-5

Table 2-5 Ethernet service processing capability.................................................................................................2-5

Table 3-1 Functional units....................................................................................................................................3-2

Table 3-2 List of the logic boards on the IDU 605...............................................................................................3-4

Table 3-3 Signal processing flow (transmit direction).........................................................................................3-8

Table 3-4 Signal processing flow (receive direction)...........................................................................................3-9

Table 3-5 Signal processing flow (transmit direction) ......................................................................................3-10Table 3-6 Signal processing flow (receive direction) ........................................................................................3-11

Table 6-1 Working modes of the Mini PDH radio ..............................................................................................6-2

Table 6-2 Working modes of the Mini IP radio .................................................................................................. 6-3

Table 6-3 Frequency Band (SP ODU)..................................................................................................................6-4

Table 6-4 Frequency band (SPA ODU)............................................................................................................... 6-4

Table 6-5 Frequency band (LP ODU)..................................................................................................................6-5

Table 6-6 Frequency band (LPA ODU)...............................................................................................................6-5

Table 6-7 Frequency band (XMC-1 ODU).......................................................................................................... 6-5

Table 6-8 Ty pical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Mini radio (i)............................................................6-6

Table 6-9 Ty pical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Mini radio (ii)...........................................................6-7

Table 6-10 Tr ansceiver Performance (SP ODU)..................................................................................................6-8

Table 6-11 Tr ansceiver performance (SPA ODU)...............................................................................................6-8

Table 6-12 Tr ansceiver performance (LP ODU)..................................................................................................6-9

Table 6-13 Tr ansceiver performance (LPA ODU).............................................................................................6-10

Table 6-14 Tr ansceiver performance (XMC-1 ODU)........................................................................................6-10

Table 6-15 IF performance.................................................................................................................................6-11

Table 6-16 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem.................................................................6-12

Table 6-17 Component reliability.......................................................................................................................6-12

Table 6-18 Link reliability per hop.....................................................................................................................6-13

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description Tables



ix



Table 6-19 E1 interface performance.................................................................................................................6-14

Table 6-20 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interface performance..............................................................................6-14

Table 6-21 10/100BASE-T(X) interface performance.......................................................................................6-14

Table 6-22 Orderwire interface performance.....................................................................................................6-15

Table 6-23 Synchronous data interface performance.........................................................................................6-15

Table 6-24 Asynchronous data interface performance.......................................................................................6-16

Table 6-25 Jitter performance.............................................................................................................................6-16

Table 6-26 Dimensions.......................................................................................................................................6-16

Table 6-27 Typical weight..................................................................................................................................6-17

Table 6-28 Typical power consumption.............................................................................................................6-17

Table 6-29 Power supply....................................................................................................................................6-17

Table 6-30 Environment.....................................................................................................................................6-18

Table 7-1 ITU-R standards...................................................................................................................................7-2

Table 7-2 ETSI standards.....................................................................................................................................7-3

Table 7-3 Relevant IEC standards........................................................................................................................7-4

Table 7-4 ITU-T standard.....................................................................................................................................7-4

Table 7-5 IETF standards.....................................................................................................................................7-5

Table 7-6 IEEE standards.....................................................................................................................................7-5

Table 7-7 Environmental standards......................................................................................................................7-6

Tables

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description

x Huawei Proprietary and Confidential


Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



1 Introduction

About This Chapter

The OptiX R TN 605 is one of the series products of the OptiX RTN 600 radio transmission

system.

The OptiX R TN 600 V100R005 radio transmission system product series are classified into the

OptiX RTN 620 and the OptiX RTN 605. The OptiX RTN 620 and the OptiX RTN 605 can use

the same type of ODUs.

l The OptiX RTN 620 is a set of TDM/Hybrid integrated radio equipment. It adopts the 2U-

high IDU (namely, IDU 620), supports one to four microwave directions, and provides

networking radio solutions.l The OptiX RTN 605 is a set of Mini radio equipment. It adopts the 1U-high IDU (namely,

IDU 605), supports one microwave direction, and provides radio tail access solutions.

This manual describes the OptiX RTN 605 only. For the description of the OptiX RTN 620, see

the corresponding OptiX RTN 620 Product Description.

1.1 Positioning

The OptiX RTN 605 is a split radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It can provide

a tail radio access solution for the mobile communication network or private networks.

1.2 Components

The OptiX RTN 605 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU 605 and the ODU. Each ODU

is connected to the IDU 605 through an IF cable.

1.3 Configuration Model

The OptiX RTN 605 forms different configuration models by flexibly configuring different types

of IDU 605s and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application scenarios.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 1 Introduction



1-1



1.1 Positioning

The OptiX RTN 605 is a split radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It can provide

a tail radio access solution for the mobile communication network or private networks.

The OptiX RTN 605 provides several types of service interfaces and features flexible

configuration and easy installation. In addition, the OptiX RTN 605 can provide a Mini PDH

radio or Mini IP radio tail access solution according to the network requirements.

NOTE

The Mini IP radio solution supports the simultaneous transmission of the E1 services and low capacity

Ethernet services, but does not support the adaptive modulation (AM) function.

l Mini PDH radio tail access solution

Figure 1-1 Mini PDH radio tail access solution provided by the OptiX RTN 605

OptiX RTN 605 BTS BSC

E1

E1E1

E1

E1

Radio transmission

network

E1

E1

l Mini IP radio tail access solution

1 Introduction

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description

1-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential


Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Figure 1-2 Mini IP radio tail access solution

OptiX RTN 605 BTSNodeB BSCRNC

FE

E1

E1

E1

GE

E1

FE

E1+FE/GE

E1+FE/GE

Radio transmissionnetwork

1.2 Components

The OptiX RTN 605 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU 605 and the ODU. Each ODU

is connected to the IDU 605 through an IF cable.

IDU 605

The IDU 605 is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 605. It accesses services, performs

multiplexing/demultiplexing and IF processing of the services, and provides system control and

communication function.

Table 1-1 provides the brief introduction to the IDU 605 .Based on the IDU types, the OptiX

RTN 605s of version V100R005 are classified into four types: OptiX RTN 605 1D, OptiX RTN

605 2D, OptiX RTN 605 IE, and OptiX RTN 605 2E.

Table 1-1 Introduction to the IDU 605

Item Performance

Type IDU 605 1D/2D IDU 605 1E/2E

Chassis height 1U

Pluggable Not supported

Service interfaces E1 E1, FE, GE

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Item Performance

Type IDU 605 1D/2D IDU 605 1E/2E

Ethernet processing

capability

Not supported l Supports the VLAN and

QinQ.

l Supports Layer 2 switching,

supports EPLAN and

EVPLAN.

l Supports EVPL.

l Supports QoS (including

CAR and CoS) functions,

traffic classification based on

port, four priority queues, and

SP or WRR queue scheduling

l

Supports Ethernet OAM based on IEEE 802.1 ag and

IEEE 802.3 ah

l Supports the LAG.

l Supports the Synchronous

Ethernet.

Radio type Mini PDH radio Mini IP radio

Number of microwave

directions

1

RF configurationmode

1+0 non-protection (IDU 605 1D/1E)1+1 protection (IDU 605 2D/2E)

Figure 1-3 IDU 605 (in the case of the IDU 605 2E)

ODU

The ODU is the outdoor unit of the OptiX RTN 605. It performs frequency conversion and

amplification of signals.

The OptiX RTN 605 provide a complete ODU solution. OptiX RTN 605 supports the RTN 600

ODU. Generally, the OptiX RTN 605 is configured with the low capacity for PDH ODU. If

required in certain special scenarios, the OptiX RTN 605 can also be configured with the standard power ODU.

1 Introduction

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



NOTE

Unlike the other frequency bands that use 14 MHz, 28 MHz, or 56 MHz channel spacing, the 18 GHz

frequency band uses 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, or 55 MHz channel spacing correspondingly.

Table 1-2 RTN 600 ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 605

Item Description

Low Capacity for PDH ODU Standard Power ODU

ODU type LP and LPA SP and SPA

Frequency band 7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz (LP ODU)

7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/32/38 GHz

(LPA ODU)

7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/38 GHz (SP

ODU)

6/7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz (SPA

ODU)

Microwavemodulation

mode

QPSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128QAM/256QAM (SP ODU)

QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/

128QAM (SPA ODU)

Channel spacing 3.5/7/14/28 MHz 3.5/7/14/28 MHz

Table 1-3 RTN XMC ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 605

Item Description

Low Capacity for PDH ODU

ODU type XMC-1

Frequency band 7/8/13/15/18/23 GHz

Microwave modulation mode QPSK/16QAM

Channel spacing 3.5/7/14/28 MHz

There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and separatemounting.

NOTE

The OptiX RTN 605 provides an entire frequency band antenna solution, and supports the single-polarized

antenna and dual-polarized antenna with a diameter of 0.3 m to 3.7 m and the corresponding feeder system.

l The direct mounting method is normally adopted when a small-diameter and single-

polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one antenna, the

ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are configured for one

antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid coupler) must

be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna. Figure 1-4 shows the direct mounting.

OptiX RTN 605




1-5



Figure 1-4 Direct mounting

l The separate mounting method is adopted when a double-polarized antenna or a large-

diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. Figure 1-5 shows the separate mounting.

In this situation, a hybrid coupler can be mounted to enable two ODUs to share one feed

boom.

Figure 1-5 Separate mounting

1.3 Configuration Model

The OptiX RTN 605 forms different configuration models by flexibly configuring different types

of IDU 605s and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application scenarios.

1 Introduction

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Table 1-4 Configuration model of the OptiX RTN 605

ConfigurationModel

Equipment Type Type ofthe IDU

Type of the ODU MainApplication

I Mini PDH radio

equipment

IDU 605

1D

Low capacity for

PDH ODU

Provides the 1+0

PDH radio link

whose capacity is

less than 16xE1.

II Mini PDH radio

equipment

IDU 605

2D

Low capacity for

PDH ODU

Provides the 1+1

PDH radio link

whose capacity is

less than 16xE1.

III Mini IP radio

equipment

IDU 605 1E Low capacity for

PDH ODU

Provides the 1+0

Mini IP radio link

with 16xE1 + 2xFE

+ 2xGE interface.

IV Mini IP radio

equipment

IDU 605 2E Low capacity for

PDH ODU

Provides the 1+1

Mini IP radio link

with 16xE1 + 2xFE

+ 2xGE interface.

NOTE

Generally, the OptiX RTN 605 is configured with the low capacity for PDH ODU. If required in certainspecial scenarios, the OptiX RTN 605 can also be configured with the standard power ODU.

OptiX RTN 605




1-7





2 Functions and Features

About This Chapter

The OptiX R TN 605 provides various f unctions and features to ensure the quality and efficiency

of service transmission.

2.1 Microwave Type

The OptiX R TN 605 supports different microwave types according to the configuration model.

2.2 RF Configuration Modes

The OptiX R TN 605 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration and the 1+1 protection

configuration.

2.3 Interfaces

The OptiX R TN 605 has various interface types.

2.4 Automatic Transmit Power Control

The automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function enables the output power of the

transmitter to automatically trace the level f luctuation at the receive end. This technology reduces

the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER rate.

2.5 Ethernet Processing Capability

The 1E/2E provides powerful Ethernet service processing capability.

2.6 Protection Capability

Different IDUs have different protection capacities.

2.7 Network Management

The OptiX RTN 605 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and provides

complete NM information exchange schemes.

2.8 Easy Installation

The OptiX RTN 605 supports several installation modes. Therefore, the installation is flexible

and convenient.

2.9 Easy Maintenance

The OptiX RTN 605 provides several maintenance features. Therefore, it can effectively reduce

the cost of equipment maintenance.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 2 Functions and Features



2-1



2.1 Microwave Type

The OptiX RTN 605 supports different microwave types according to the configuration model.

2.1.1 Mini PDH Radio

The Mini PDH radio refers to the radio system that transmits the E1 services of low or middle

capacity. .

2.1.2 Mini IP Radio

The Mini IP radio refers to the radio system that can transmit both Native E1 services and Native

Ethernet services of low or middle capacity.


The Mini PDH radio refers to the radio system that transmits the E1 services of low or middle

capacity. .

NOTE

The OptiX RTN 605 1D/2D supports PDH radio.

The Mini PDH radio equipment transmits the incoming E1 services to the microwave port and

then transmit the signals over the radio link.

Figure 2-1 Mini PDH radio

ODUE1

IDUMini PDH radio

2.1.2 Mini IP Radio

The Mini IP radio refers to the radio system that can transmit both Native E1 services and Native

Ethernet services of low or middle capacity.

NOTE

The OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E supports Mini IP radio.

E1 services are accessed and transmitted directly to the microwave interface. Ethernet services

are accessed, processed on the packet processing plane, and then transmitted to the microwave

interface. E1 services and Ethernet services are mapped into microwave frames and then

transmits the microwave frames.


OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Figure 2-2 Mini IP Radio

ODU

Ethernet

E1

IDU

Packet

processing

Mini IP radio

Native E1 and native Ethernet

2.2 RF Configuration Modes

The OptiX R TN 605 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration and the 1+1 protection

configuration.

Table 2-1 pr ovides the RF configuration modes that are supported by the OptiX RTN 605 of

different IDUs.

Table 2-1 RF configuration modes

Type of IDU Configuration Mode Maximum Number ofDirections

IDU 605 1D/1E 1+0 non-protection

configuration

1

IDU 605 2D/2E 1+1 protection configuration

(1+1 HSB/FD/SD)

1

2.3 Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 605 has various interface types.

2.3.1 Service InterfacesThe different IDU supports different types and quantity of services interfaces.

2.3.2 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 605 provides several types of management and auxiliary interfaces.

2.3.1 Service Interfaces

The different IDU supports different types and quantity of services interfaces.

OptiX RTN 605




2-3



Table 2-2 Service interfaces

Type of the IDU Service interface Quantity

IDU 605 1D/2D 75/120-ohm E1 interface 16

IDU 605 1E/2E 75/120-ohm E1 interface 16

FE electrical interface:

10/100BASE-T(X)

2

GE electrical interface:

10/100/1000BASE-T(X)

2

NOTE

The impedance of E1 interfaces on the OptiX RTN 605 can be set by using NMS.

2.3.2 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 605 provides several types of management and auxiliary interfaces.

Table 2-3 Management and auxiliary interfaces

Interface Specifications Quantity

Management interface 10/100BASE-T(X) Ethernet

NM interface

1

NM serial port 1

10/100BASE-T(X) NE

cascade interface

1

Auxiliary interface Orderwire interface 1

RS-232 asynchronous data

interface

1

64 kbit/s synchronous data

interface

1

Alarm interface Alarm input/output interface Three inputs + one output

NOTE

The synchronous data interface can also transparently transmit one orderwire overhead byte. This interface,

however, can realize only one function at one time.

Auxiliary services and NM messages are transmitted by overhead bytes over a radio link. For

details, refer to Table 2-4.


OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Table 2-4 Auxiliary services or paths transmitted by each microwave interface

Service/Path Type Quantity Rate

Asynchronous data service 1 ≤ 19.2 kbit/s

Synchronous data service 1 64 kbit/s

Orderwire phone service 1 64 kbit/s

DCC channel 1 192 kbit/s

2.4 Automatic Transmit Power ControlThe automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function enables the output power of the

transmitter to automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end. This technology reducesthe interference with neighboring systems and residual BER rate.

2.5 Ethernet Processing CapabilityThe 1E/2E provides powerful Ethernet service processing capability.

Table 2-5 Ethernet service processing capability

Feature 1E/2E

Interfaces 2xFE + 2xGE/FE

Format of service frames Ethernet II, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1q/p

Type of Ethernet services EPLAN (802.1d), VLAN-based EVPLAN (802.1q), QinQ-

based EVPL

VLAN Supports the VLAN and QinQ. Supports addition and

deletion of VLAN tags that comply with IEEE 802.1q.

CAR Supported

CoS Supported

Queue scheduling scheme Supports the strict priority (SP) or weighted round robin

(WRR).

Flow control IEEE 802.3x

Ethernet performance

monitoring

Supports the RMON performance monitoring that complies

with IETF RFC 2819.

ETH-OAM IEEE 802.1ag, IEEE 802.3ah

LAG (Link aggregation group) Supported

Synchronous Ethernet Supported

OptiX RTN 605




2-5





l In a 600 mm 19-inch cabinet

l In an open cabinet

l On a wall

l

On a desk

The ODU can be installed in two modes: direct mounting and separate mounting.

2.9 Easy Maintenance

The OptiX RTN 605 provides several maintenance features. Therefore, it can effectively reduce

the cost of equipment maintenance.

l The boards are installed in a chassis, which facilitates the maintenance.

l Adopts the natural heat dissipation method. The equipment does not have the fan system

and thus has lower noise.

l Supports various loopback functions of service ports and IF ports.

l Embeds a test system. You can perform the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) test

of an E1 or IF port when no special test tools are available.

l Supports the monitoring and the graphic display of key radio transmission performance

specifications such as the microwave transmit power and the received signal strength

indicator (RSSI).

l Supports the RMON performance events and ETH-OAM.

l Supports remote loading of the NE software and data by using the NMS.

l Supports the hot patch loading function. Thus, you can upgrade the software that is running

without interrupting services.l Support the software version rollback function. When a software upgrade fails, the original

services of the system can be restored.

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3 Product Architecture

About This Chapter

This topic describes the system structure, hardware structure, and software structure of the

product, and the process for processing service signals.

3.1 System Architecture

The OptiX R TN 605 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit,

IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, power unit, and ODU.

3.2 Hardware Architecture

The OptiX R TN 605 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU and the ODU. Each ODU is

connected to the IDU through a IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&M

signals of the ODU. In addition, the IF cable supplies -48 V power supply to the ODU.

3.3 Software Architecture

The software package of the OptiX RTN 605 contains the NMS software, IDU software, and

ODU software.

3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow

The processing flows is different for transmitting the Mini PDH radio signals or transmitting

the Mini IP radio signals.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 3 Product Architecture



3-1



3.1 System Architecture

The OptiX RTN 605 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit,IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, power unit, and ODU.

Figure 3-1 System architecture

Service

interface

unit

IF unit

ODU

Power

unit

Control

unit

Auxiliaryinterface

unit

E1

-48V/-60V DC

RF signal

IF signal

Synchronous/asynchronous data

Orderwire data

External alarm data

NM data

IDU

Control bus

Antenna

Service

signal

Overhead

signal

FE/GE

Clock

unit

NOTE

The IDU 605 1D/2D does not support accessing FE/GE signals.

The clock unit of the IDU 605 1E/2E can trace the clock of the radio link and the clock of the synchronous

Ethernet signals.

The clock unit of the IDU 605 does not process the clock of E1 signals.

Table 3-1 Functional units

Functional Unit Function Description

Service interface unit l Accesses E1 signals.

l Accesses FE/GE signals.

IF unit l Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demaps

microwave frame signals to service signals.

l Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IF

analog signals.

l Provides the operations and maintenance (O&M) channel

between the IDU and the ODU.

l Provides the forward error correction (FEC) function.

l Processes overheads.


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Functional Unit Function Description

Control unit l Functions for system communications and control.

l Functions for system configuration and management.

l Collects alarms and monitors performance.

Clock unit l Detects and traces the clock of the microwave link and the clock

of the synchronous Ethernet signals

l Provides the clock for the microwave link and synchronous

Ethernet signals

Auxiliary interface

unit

l Provides the orderwire interface.

l Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.

l Provides the external alarm input/output interface.

Power unit l Accesses -48 V/-60 V DC power.l Provides DC power for the IDU.

l Provides -48 V power for the ODU.

ODU l Converses between the IF analog signal and the RF signal.

l Provides the O&M channel that is connected to the IDU.

3.2 Hardware Architecture

The OptiX RTN 605 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU and the ODU. Each ODU is

connected to the IDU through a IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&M

signals of the ODU. In addition, the IF cable supplies -48 V power supply to the ODU.

3.2.1 IDU

The IDU 605 is composed of one system board and one power board. Each functional unit on

the physical boards of the IDU 605 corresponds to a logical board and is allocated with a logical

slot. Hence, the NMS can manage the functional units as independent objects.

3.2.2 ODU

The ODU is an integrated system and is of various types. The structures and working principles

of various types of ODUs are the same.

3.2.1 IDU

The IDU 605 is composed of one system board and one power board. Each functional unit on

the physical boards of the IDU 605 corresponds to a logical board and is allocated with a logical

slot. Hence, the NMS can manage the functional units as independent objects.

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Figure 3-2 Logic board configuration for the IDU 605

IDU 605 1E

PH1EOWSCCPW48A/PW48B

Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3 Slot 4

IF0

Slot 8

EM4T

Slot 5

IDU 605 2E

PH1EOWSCCPW48A/PW48B


IF0IF0

Slot 8

EM4T

Slot 5 Slot 7

IDU 605 1D

PH1EOWSCC

PW48A/

PW48B


IF0

Slot 8

IDU 605 2D

PH1EOWSCCPW48A/

PW48B


IF0IF0

Slot 8Slot 7

Table 3-2 List of the logic boards on the IDU 605

LogicalBoardName

Full Name Logical Slot Description

PW48A -48 V power board Slot 1 Provides two inputs of -48 V DC

power.PW48B

SCC System control and

communication board

Slot 2 Provides the NMS interface.

EOW Orderwire board Slot 3 Provides the synchronous/

asynchronous data interface and

orderwire interface.

PH1 16xE1 tributary board Slot 4 Provides 16 75-ohm/120-ohm E1

interfaces. The interface

impedance can be set by using the

software.


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LogicalBoardName

Full Name Logical Slot Description

EM4T 4-port RJ-45 Fast

Ethernet/Gigabit

Ethernet switching

processing board

Slot 5 l Provides two FE electrical

interfaces and two GE

electrical interface (the GE

electrical interface is

compatible with the FE

electrical interfaces).

l Processes Ethernet transparent

transmission services and

Layer 2 switching services.

IF0 IF board Slot 8 (IDU

605 1D/1E)

Slot 7/8 (IDU605 2E)

l Provides one IF interface. The

logical slot number of the

ODU that is connected to theIF board is 10 plus the slot

number of the IF board.

l Supports the E1-based

microwave frame format.

Support the Mini PDH radio in

the IDU 605 1D/2D and

support the Mini IP radio in the

IDU 605 1E/2E.

NOTE

The PW48A or PW48B is the logical board that corresponds to the physical board with the same name.

The PH1, EM4T, IF0, SCC, and EOW are the logical boards mapped by the system control board. Different

types of IDU 605 have different system control boards and thus have different logical boards.

3.2.2 ODU

The ODU is an integrated system and is of various types. The structures and working principles

of various types of ODUs are the same.

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Block Diagram

Figure 3-3 Block diagram of the ODU

Antenna port

CTRL

Tx IF

Rx IF

Cable port

PWR

Up-conversionMultiplexer

O&M

uplink

O&M

downlink

DC

Down-conversion

AMP

LNA

Synthesizers

Duplexer

Rx RF

Tx RF

Signal Processing in the Transmit Direction

The multiplexer splits the signal coming from the IF cable into a 350 MHz IF signal, an O&M

uplink signal, and a -48 V DC power signal.

In the transmit direction, the IF signal is processed as follows:

1. Through the up-conversion, filtering, and amplification, the IF signal is converted into theRF signal and then sent to the AMP amplifier unit.

2. The AMP amplifies the RF signal (the output power of the signal can be controlled by the

IDU software).

3. After the amplification, the RF signal is sent to the antenna through the diplexer.

The O&M uplink signal is a 5.5 MHz ASK-modulated signal and is demodulated in the CTRL

control unit.

The -48 V DC power signal is sent to the PWR power unit where the secondary power supply

of a different voltage is generated and provided to the modules of the ODU.

Signal Processing in the Receive Direction

In the diplexer, the receive RF signal is separated from the antenna signal. The RF signal is

amplified in the low noise amplifier (LNA). Through the down-conversion, filtering, and

amplification, the RF signal is converted into the 140 MHz IF signal and then sent to the

multiplexer.

The O&M downlink signal is modulated under the ASK scheme in the CTRL unit. The 10 MHz

signal is generated through the modulation and sent to the multiplexer. The CTRL unit also

detects the receive power through the RSSI detection circuit and provides the RSSI interface.

The IF signal and the O&M downlink signal are combined in the multiplexer and then sent tothe IDU through the IF cable.


OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



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3.3 Software Architecture

The software package of the OptiX RTN 605 contains the NMS software, IDU software, and

ODU software.

For the software architecture of the OptiX RTN 605, see Figure 3-4. The NMS software

communicates with the IDU software through the Qx interface. The Qx interface uses the OptiX

private management protocol.

Figure 3-4 Software architecture of the OptiX RTN 605

NMS software

Qx interface

IDU software ODU software

3.3.1 NMS Software

Huawei provides a transport network management solution that meets the requirements of the

telecommunication management network (TMN) for managing all the OptiX RTN 605 products

and the optical transmission products of the OptiX series on the network.

3.3.2 IDU Software

The IDU software consists of the NE software and the board software.

3.3.3 ODU Software

The ODU sof tware manages and controls the running status of the ODU. The ODU software

controls the r unning status of the ODU according to the parameter delivered by the IDU software.

In addition, the running status of the ODU is reported to the IDU software.

3.3.1 NMS Software

Huawei provides a transport network management solution that meets the requirements of the

telecommunication management network (TMN) for managing all the OptiX RTN 605 products

and the optical transmission products of the OptiX series on the network.

For details, refer to section 5.1 Network Management Solution.

3.3.2 IDU Software

The IDU software consists of the NE software and the board software.

The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running status of the IDU. Through the

NE software, the NMS communicates with the boards, and controls and manages the NE. In

addition, the NE software communicates with the ODU software to manage and control the

operation of the ODU.

The board software manages and controls the running status of all boards of the IDU except the

SCC board. Currently, the IDU does not have the independent board software . The board

software of other boards, in the form of modules, is integrated into the NE software and runs inthe CPU of the SCC board.

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3-7



3.3.3 ODU Software

The ODU software manages and controls the running status of the ODU. The ODU software

controls the running status of the ODU according to the parameter delivered by the IDU software.

In addition, the running status of the ODU is reported to the IDU software.

3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow

The processing flows is different for transmitting the Mini PDH radio signals or transmitting

the Mini IP radio signals.


This topic describes the Mini PDH radio signal processing flow of the OptiX RTN 605 1D/2D

through the example of E1 signals.

3.4.2 Mini IP Radio

This section considers hybrid transmission of E1 services and Ethernet services over Mini IP

radio as an example to describe the signal processing flow of the OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E.


This topic describes the Mini PDH radio signal processing flow of the OptiX RTN 605 1D/2D

through the example of E1 signals.

Figure 3-5 Signal processing flow

PF1/PH1

IF0 ODU

RFsignal

IFsignal

IDU

Servicesignal

Antenna

E1

Table 3-3 Signal processing flow (transmit direction)

No. Logical Board Signal Processing Description

1 PH1 (IDU) l Accesses E1 signals.

l Performs HDB3 decoding.

l Transmits the E1 service signals to the IF0 board.


OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



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2 IF0 (IDU) l Forms microwave frames by adding microwave frame

overheads and E1 service signals.

l Performs scrambling.l Performs FEC coding.

l Performs digital modulation.

l Performs D/A conversion.

l Performs analog modulation.

l Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals.

l Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the

ODU through the IF cable.

3 ODU l Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48 V

power.

l Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through up

conversions and amplifications.

l Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the

waveguide.

Table 3-4 Signal processing flow (receive direction)


1 ODU l Isolates and filters RF signals.

l Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through down

conversions and amplifications.

l Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals.

l Transmits the combined signals to the IF0 board through the

IF cable.

2 IF0 (IDU) l Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&M

signals.

l Performs A/D conversion for the IF signals.

l

Performs digital demodulation.l Performs time domain adaptive equalization.

l Performs FEC decoding.

l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.

l Extracts overheads from microwave frames.

l Extracts the E1 service signals from the microwave frames

and transmits the E1 service signals to the PH1.

3 PH1 (IDU) l Performs HDB3 coding.

l Outputs E1 signals.

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3.4.2 Mini IP Radio

This section considers hybrid transmission of E1 services and Ethernet services over Mini IP

radio as an example to describe the signal processing flow of the OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E.

Figure 3-6 Service signal processing flow

PH1 IF0 ODU

RFsignal

IFsignal

IDU

E1

signal

Antenna

E1

EM4TFE/GE

Ethernet

signal

Table 3-5 Signal processing flow (transmit direction)

No.LogicalBoard Description

1 PH1 (IDU) l Accesses E1 signals.

l Performs HDB3 decoding.

l Transmits E1 signals to the IF boards.

2 EM4T (IDU) l Accesses FE/GE signals.

l Performs decoding.

l Delimits the FE/GE frames, strips the preamble code, and

processes the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code.

l Processes the data packets according to the QoS.

l Processes the VLAN tags according to the data configuration

and forwards the data frames to the IF0 board.

3 IF0 (IDU) l Constructs the E1 service signal, Ethernet service signals, and

microwave frame overheads into the microwave frame.

l Performs FEC coding.

l Performs digital modulation.

l Performs D/A conversion.

l Performs analog modulation.

l Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals.

l Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the ODU

through the IF cable.


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Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)







4 Networking

About This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 605 supports multiple types of networking modes to meet different requirements

of customers.

4.1 Mini PDH Radio

The OptiX RTN 605 1D/2D can provide the Mini PDH radio access link independently or

together with other OptiX RTN NEs.

4.2 Mini IP Radio

The OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E can transmit the E1 services and Ethernet services through Mini IP

radio , supports independent tail access in point-to-point mode.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 4 Networking



4-1





4.2 Mini IP Radio

The OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E can transmit the E1 services and Ethernet services through Mini IP

radio , supports independent tail access in point-to-point mode.

NOTE

The OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E dose not support provide Mini IP radio tail link together with other OptiX RTN

NEs.

In the tail access solution through Mini IP radio shown in Figure 4-3, an ordinary link adopts

the OptiX RTN 605 1E to realize 1+0 non-protection configuration, and an important link adopts

the OptiX RTN 605 2E to realize 1+1 protection configuration.

Figure 4-3 Mini IP radio tail access solution

E1+FE/GE

Radio transmissionnetwork

Tail link

NodeB

E1

E1

BTS

BTS

FE

NodeB

FE BSC

E1

GE

RNCE1+FE/GE

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 4 Networking



4-3





5 Network Management System

About This Chapter

This topic describes the network management system solution and multiple types of NMS

software required by this solution.

5.1 Network Management Solution

Huawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN for

different function domains and customers in telecommunication networks.

5.2 Web LCT

The Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. A user can access the Web LCT server by using

the IE explor er to manage a single NE. The Web LCT provides the following NE-levelmanagement functions: NE management, alarm management, performance management,

configuration management, communication management, and security management.

5.3 U2000

The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 server

through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport network in the unified manner. The U2000

can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the network-level management

function.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 5 Network Management System



5-1



5.1 Network Management Solution

Huawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN for

different function domains and customers in telecommunication networks.

The NM solutions include the following:

l iManager U2000 Web LCT Local Craft Terminal

l iManager U2000 Unified Network Management System

Figure 5-1 NM solution of a transport network

Network level

NMS

Local craft

terminal

iManager U2000

iManager Web LCT

5.2 Web LCT

The Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. A user can access the Web LCT server by using

the IE explorer to manage a single NE. The Web LCT provides the following NE-levelmanagement functions: NE management, alarm management, performance management,

configuration management, communication management, and security management.

NOTE

The Web LCT supports the end-to-end management over one microwave hop. Thus, it can manage the opposite

NE in the NE Explorer of the local end of the microwave link.

NE Management

l Searching for NEs

l Adding/Deleting NEs

l Logging in to/Logging out of NEs

l Managing NE time

Alarm Management

l Setting alarm monitoring strategies

l Viewing alarms

l Deleting alarms

Performance Management

l Setting performance monitoring strategies

5 Network Management System

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



l Viewing performance events

l Resetting performance registers

Configuration Management

l Configuring basic NE information

l Configuring radio links

l Configuring protection schemes

l Configuring interfaces

l Configuring services

l Configuring clock

Communication Management

l Managing communication parameters

l Managing the DCC

l Managing the HW ECC protocol

l Managing the IP protocol

l Configuring the OSI protocol

Security Management

l Managing NE users

l Managing NE user groups

l Managing LCT access control

l Managing online users

l Managing NE security parameters

l Managing NE security logs

l Managing NM users

l Managing NM logs

5.3 U2000

The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 server

through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport network in the unified manner. The U2000

can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the network-level management

function.

NE-Level Management Functions

l NE Management

l NE-level alarm management

l NE-level performance management

l NE-level configuration management

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Product Description 5 Network Management System



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6 Technical Specifications

About This Chapter

This topic describes the technical specifications of the OptiX RTN 605.

6.1 RF Performance

The RF performance includes the technical specifications related to the microwave radio system.

6.2 Equipment Reliability

Equipment reliability includes the IDU reliability, the ODU reliability and the link reliability.

6.3 Interface Performance

Interface perf ormance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance of auxiliary interfaces.

6.4 Jitter Perf ormance

The output jitter performance at the PDH interface complies with relevant ITU-T

recommendations.

6.5 Integrated System Performance

Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power supply, power

consumption, EMC, lightning protection, safety, and environment.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 6 Technical Specifications



6-1



6.1 RF Performance

The RF performance includes the technical specifications related to the microwave radio system.

6.1.1 Radio Working Modes

This topic describes the microwave radio working modes supported by the OptiX RTN 605.


The ODUs of the different series and different types support different operating frequency bands.

6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity

The receiver sensitivity reflects the anti-fading capability of the microwave equipment.


The performance of the transceiver includes the nominal maximum/minimum transmit power,

nominal maximum receive power, and frequency stability.

6.1.5 IF Performance

The IF performance includes the performance of the IF signal and the performance of the ODU

O&M signal.

6.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem

The baseband signal processing performance of the modem indicates the FEC coding scheme

and the performance of the baseband time domain adaptive equalizer.

6.1.1 Radio Working Modes

This topic describes the microwave radio working modes supported by the OptiX RTN 605.

Working Modes of the Mini PDH Radio

Table 6-1 Working modes of the Mini PDH radio

Mode No. Air InterfaceService Capacity(Mbit/s)

MaximumNumber of E1s

ChannelSpacing (MHz)

Modulation Mode

19 10 5 3.5 16QAM

16 10 5 7 QPSK

20 20 10 7 16QAM

17 20 10 14 (13.75) QPSK

6 32 16 14 (13.75) 16QAM

5 32 16 28 (27.5) QPSK


OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



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NOTE

l The OptiX RTN 605 1D/2D supports the Mini PDH microwave working modes.

l The channel spacings 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz frequency band.

l The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported by the OptiXRTN 605. The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.

Working Modes of the Mini IP Radio

Table 6-2 Working modes of the Mini IP radio

Mode No. Air InterfaceService Capacity(Mbit/s)

MaximumNumber of E1s inServices

ChannelSpacing (MHz)

Modulation Mode

19 10 5 3.5 16QAM

16 10 5 7 QPSK

20 20 10 7 16QAM

17 20 10 14 (13.75) QPSK

6 32 16 14 (13.75) 16QAM

22 40 16 14 (13.75) 16QAM

5 32 16 28 (27.5) QPSK

21 40 16 28 (27.5) QPSK

23 64 16 28 (27.5) 16QAM

24 80 16 28 (27.5) 16QAM

NOTE

l The OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E supports the Mini IP radio working modes.

l The channel spacings 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz frequency band.

l The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported by the OptiXRTN 605. The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.

l The E1 services consume the corresponding bandwidth of the air interface service capacity. After the

E1 service capacity is deducted from the air interface service capacity, the remaining bandwidth of the

service capacity can be used for the Ethernet services.


The ODUs of the different series and different types support different operating frequency bands.

NOTE

For information about a specific frequency band, see ODU Hardware Description.

OptiX RTN 605




6-3







FrequencyBand

Frequency Range (GHz) T/R Spacing (MHz)

13 GHz 12.751-13.248 266

15 GHz 14.400-15.358 315/322, 420, 475, 490, 640, 644, 728

18 GHz 17.685-19.710 1010/1008, 1092.5, 1560

23 GHz 21.200-23.618 1008, 1200, 1232

6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity

The receiver sensitivity reflects the anti-fading capability of the microwave equipment.

NOTE

For a guaranteed value, remove 3 dB from the typical value.

NOTE

l The OptiX RTN 605 1D/2D supports the working modes that are numbered 5, 6, 16, 17, 19, and 20.

l The OptiX RTN 605 1E/2E supports the working modes that are numbered 5, 6, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22,

23, and 24.

Table 6-8 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Mini radio (i)

Item Performance

Working mode

5 6 16 17 19 20

Channelspacing

28 MHz 14 MHz 7 MHz 14 MHz 3.5 MHz 7 MHz

ModulationMode

QPSK 16QAM QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM

RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -85.5 -81.5 -90.0 -87.0 -88.5 -84.5

@7 GHz -85.5 -81.5 -90.0 -87.0 -88.5 -84.5

@8 GHz -85.5 -81.5 -90.0 -87.0 -88.5 -84.5

@11 GHz -85.0 -81.0 -89.5 -86.5 -88.0 -84.0

@13 GHz -85.0 -81.0 -89.5 -86.5 -88.0 -84.0

@15 GHz -85.0 -81.0 -89.5 -86.5 -88.0 -84.0

@18 GHz -85.0 -81.0 -89.5 -86.5 -88.0 -84.0

@23 GHz -84.5 -80.5 -89.0 -86.0 -87.5 -83.5


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Item Performance

Working mode

5 6 16 17 19 20

Channelspacing

28 MHz 14 MHz 7 MHz 14 MHz 3.5 MHz 7 MHz

ModulationMode

QPSK 16QAM QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM

@26 GHz -84.0 -80.0 -88.5 -85.5 -87.0 -83.0

@32 GHz -83.0 -79.0 -87.5 -84.5 -86.0 -82.0

@38 GHz -82.5 -78.5 -87.0 -84.0 -85.5 -81.5

Table 6-9 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Mini radio (ii)

Item Performance

Working mode

21 22 23 24

Channelspacing

28 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 28 MHz

ModulationMode

QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM

RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -84.5 -80.5 -78.5 -77.5

@7 GHz -84.5 -80.5 -78.5 -77.5

@8 GHz -84.5 -80.5 -78.5 -77.5

@11 GHz -84.0 -80.0 -78.0 -77.0

@13 GHz -84.0 -80.0 -78.0 -77.0

@15 GHz -84.0 -80.0 -78.0 -77.0

@18 GHz -84.0 -80.0 -78.0 -77.0

@23 GHz -83.5 -79.5 -77.5 -76.5

@26 GHz -83.0 -79.0 -77.0 -76.0

@32 GHz -82.0 -78.0 -76.0 -75.0

@38 GHz -81.5 -77.5 -75.5 -74.5

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6-7




The performance of the transceiver includes the nominal maximum/minimum transmit power,

nominal maximum receive power, and frequency stability.

Transceiver Performance (Standard Power ODU)

Table 6-10 Transceiver Performance (SP ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/ 32QAM

64QAM/ 128QAM

256QAM

Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm)

@7 GHz 27 22.5 18.5 16.5

@8 GHz 27 22.5 18.5 16.5

@11 GHz 26 21.5 17.5 15.5

@13 GHz 26 21.5 17.5 15.5

@15 GHz 26 21.5 17.5 15.5

@18 GHz 25.5 21.5 17.5 15.5

@23 GHz 24 20.5 16.5 14.5

@26 GHz 23.5 19.5 15.5 13.5

@38 GHz 22 17.5 13.5 11.5

Nominal

minimum

transmit power

(dBm)

-6

Nominal

maximum

receive power

(dBm)

-20 -25

Frequency

stability (ppm)

±5

Table 6-11 Transceiver performance (SPA ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM 64QAM/128QAM



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Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM 64QAM/128QAM

@6 GHz 26.5 24 23

@7 GHz 25.5 21.5 20

@8 GHz 25.5 21.5 20

@11 GHz 24.5 20.5 18

@13 GHz 24.5 20 18

@15 GHz 24.5 20 18

@18 GHz 22.5 19 17

@23 GHz 22.5 19 16

Nominal minimum

transmit power

(dBm)

0

Nominal maximum

receive power (dBm)

-20

Frequency stability

(ppm)

±5

Transceiver Performance (Low Capacity PDH ODU)

Table 6-12 Transceiver performance (LP ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM


@7 GHz 27 21

@8 GHz 27 21

@11 GHz 25 19

@13 GHz 25 19

@15 GHz 23.5 17.5

@18 GHz 23 17

@23 GHz 23 17

Nominal minimum transmit

power (dBm)

0

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6-9



Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM

Nominal maximum receive

power (dBm)

-20

Frequency stability (ppm) ±5

Table 6-13 Transceiver performance (LPA ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM


@7 GHz 27 21

@8 GHz 27 21

@11 GHz 25 19

@13 GHz 25 19

@15 GHz 23.5 17.5

@18 GHz 23 17

@23 GHz 23 17

@26 GHz 22 19

@32 GHz 21 18

@38 GHz 18 16

Nominal minimum transmit

power (dBm)

0

Nominal maximum receive

power (dBm)

-20

Frequency stability (ppm) ±5

Table 6-14 Transceiver performance (XMC-1 ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM


@7 GHz 26.5 21


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Product Description



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Item Performance

Transmit frequency of the IF

board (MHz)

5.5

Receive frequency of the IF board (MHz)

10

6.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem

The baseband signal processing performance of the modem indicates the FEC coding scheme

and the performance of the baseband time domain adaptive equalizer.

Table 6-16 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem

Item Performance

Encoding mode Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding

Adaptive time-

domain equalizer for

baseband signals

Supported

6.2 Equipment ReliabilityEquipment reliability includes the IDU reliability, the ODU reliability and the link reliability.

6.2.1 Component Reliability

The component reliability reflects the reliability of a single component.

6.2.2 Link Reliability

The link reliability reflects the reliability of a microwave hop and reflects the reliability of all

the involved components.

6.2.1 Component Reliability

The component reliability reflects the reliability of a single component.

Table 6-17 Component reliability

Item Performance

IDU (1+0 Non-ProtectionConfiguration)

IDU (1+1 ProtectionConfiguration)

ODU

MTBF (h) 61.31x104 80.54x104 48.18x104

MTTR (h) 1 1 1


OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



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Item Performance

IDU (1+0 Non-ProtectionConfiguration)

IDU (1+1 ProtectionConfiguration)

ODU

Availability 99.99984% 99.99988% 99.99979%

6.2.2 Link Reliability

The link reliability reflects the reliability of a microwave hop and reflects the reliability of all

the involved components.

Table 6-18 Link reliability per hop

Item Performance

1+0 Non-ProtectionConfiguration

1+1 Protection Configuration

MTBF (h) 13.49x104 34.50x104

MTTR (h) 1 1

Availability 99.99926% 99.99971%

6.3 Interface Performance

Interface performance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance of

auxiliary interfaces.

6.3.1 PDH Interface Performance

The performance of the PDH interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703.

6.3.2 Ethernet Interface Performance

The performance of the Ethernet interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3.

6.3.3 Auxiliary Interface Performance

The performance of the auxiliary interfaces includes the performance of the order interface,

synchronous data interface, and asynchronous data interface.

6.3.1 PDH Interface Performance

The performance of the PDH interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703.

E1 Interface Performance

The performance of the E1 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. The following table provides the primary performance.

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6-13



Table 6-19 E1 interface performance

Item Performance

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 2048

Code pattern HDB3

Wire pair in each

transmission direction

One coaxial wire pair One symmetrical wire pair

Impedance (ohm) 75 120

6.3.2 Ethernet Interface Performance

The performance of the Ethernet interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3.

GE Electrical Interface Performance

The GE electrical interface is 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interface and compliant with IEEE 802.3.

The GE electrical interface is compatible with FE electrical interfaces. The following table

provides the primary performance.

Table 6-20 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interface performance

Item Performance

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 10 (10BASE-T)

100 (100BASE-TX)

1000 (1000BASE-T)

Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)

4D-PAM5 encoding signal (1000BASE-T)

Interface type RJ-45

FE electrical Interface Performance

FE interfaces are 10/100BASE-T(X) interfaces and comply with IEEE 802.3. The following

table provides the primary performance.

Table 6-21 10/100BASE-T(X) interface performance

Item Performance

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 10 (10BASE-T)

100 (100BASE-TX)


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Item Performance

Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)

Interface type RJ-45

6.3.3 Auxiliary Interface Performance

The performance of the auxiliary interfaces includes the performance of the order interface,

synchronous data interface, and asynchronous data interface.

Orderwire Interface Performance

Table 6-22 Orderwire interface performance

Item Performance

Transmission path Uses the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the

microwave frame.

Orderwire type Addressing call

Wire pair in each

transmission direction

One symmetrical wire pair

Impedance (ohm) 600

NOTE

The OptiX RTN equipment supports the orderwire group call function. For example, when an OptiX RTN

equipment calls the number of 888, the orderwire group call number, the orderwire phones of all the OptiX

RTN equipment in the orderwire subnet ring until a phone is answered. Then, a point-to-point orderwire

phone call is established.

Synchronous Data Interface Performance

Table 6-23 Synchronous data interface performance

Item Performance

Transmission path Uses the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the

microwave frame.

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 64

Interface type Codirectional

Interface characteristics Meets the ITU-T G.703 standard.

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6-15





Weight and Power Consumption

Table 6-27 Typical weight

Component Typical WeightIDU < 2.7 kg

ODU < 4.6 kg

Table 6-28 Typical power consumption

No. Radio LinkForm

Configuration Typical PowerConsumption

(IDU+ODU)

1 Mini PDH radio

link

16xE1, 1+0 non-protection

(1xIDU 605 1D+1xLP ODU)

35.2W

2 16xE1, 1+1 HSB protection

(1xIDU 605 2D+2xLP ODU)

51.9W

3 Mini IP radio link 2xFE+2xGE+16xE1, 1+0 non-

protection

(1xIDU 605 1E+1xLP ODU)

38.6W

4 2xFE+2xGE+16xE1, 1+1 HSB

protection

(1xIDU 605 2E+2xLP ODU)

57.0W

Power Supply

Table 6-29 Power supply

Component Performance

IDU l Complies with ETSI EN300 132-2.

l Supports two -48 V/-60 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power

inputs (mutual backup, load sharing).

ODU l Complies with ETSI EN300 132-2.

l The IDU provides one -48 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power

input.

EMC

l Passes CE authentication.

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7 Standards Compliance

About This Chapter

7.1 ITU-R Standards

The OptiX R TN 605 complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment.

7.2 ETSI Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment.

7.3 Relevant IEC Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the IEC standards related to the waveguide.

7.4 ITU-T StandardsThe OptiX RTN 605 complies with the ITU-T standards designed for PDH equipment.

7.5 IETF Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with IETF standards.

7.6 IEEE Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks.

7.7 Environmental Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mount

microwave equipment.

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description 7 Standards Compliance



7-1



7.1 ITU-R Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment.

Table 7-1 ITU-R standards

Standard Description

ITU-R F.384-7 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity

analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the upper 6 GHz

band

ITU-R F.383-6 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relay

systems operating in the lower 6 GHz band

ITU-R F.385-8 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed radio systemsoperating in the 7 GHz band

ITU-R F.386-6 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity

analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the 8 GHz band

ITU-R F.387-9 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems

operating in the 11 GHz band


operating in the 13 GHz frequency band



ITU-R F.595-8 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed radio systems

operating in the 18 GHz frequency band




operating in the 25, 26, and 28 GHz bands

ITU-R F.749-2 Radio-frequency arrangements for systems of the fixed service


ITU-R F.1191-1 1 Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital radio-relay systems

ITU-R SM.329-10 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain

7.2 ETSI Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment.


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Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Table 7-2 ETSI standards


ETSI EN 302 217-1

V1.1.4

Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-

point equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview and system-independent common characteristics

ETSI EN 302

217-2-1 V1.1.3


point equipment and antennas; Part 2-1: System-dependent

requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands where

frequency co-ordination is applied

ETSI EN 302

217-2-2 V1.1.3


point equipment and antennas; Part 2-2: Harmonized EN covering

essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for digital

systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination

is applied

ETSI EN 302 217-3

V1.1.3


point equipment and antennas; Part 3: Harmonized EN covering

essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for

equipment operating in frequency bands where no frequency co-

ordination is applied

ETSI EN 302

217-4-1 V1.1.3


point equipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependent

requirements for antennas

ETSI EN 302

217-4-2 V1.2.1


point equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Harmonized EN coveringessential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for

antennas

ETSI EN 301 126-1

V1.1.2

Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 1: Point-to-Point

equipment - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures

ETSI EN 301

126-3-1 V1.1.2

Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-1: Point-to-Point

antennas; Definitions, general requirements and test procedures

ETSI EN 301 390

V1.2.1

Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Multipoint Systems;

Spurious emissions and receiver immunity limits at equipment/

antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio Systems

7.3 Relevant IEC Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the IEC standards related to the waveguide.

OptiX RTN 605




7-3



Table 7-3 Relevant IEC standards


IEC 60153-2-1974 Hollow metallic waveguides Part 2: Relevant specifications for

ordinary rectangular waveguides

IEC 60154-2-1980 Flanges for waveguides Part 2: Relevant specifications for flanges for

ordinary rectangular waveguides

7.4 ITU-T Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the ITU-T standards designed for PDH equipment.

Table 7-4 ITU-T standardStandard Description

ITU-T G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces

ITU-T G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and

44,736 kbit/s hierarchical levels

ITU-T G.706 Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check(CRC) procedures

relating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704

ITU-T G.775 Loss of Signal(LOS), Alarm Indication Signal(AIS) and RemoteDefect Indication(RDI) defect detection and clearance criteria for

PDH signals

ITU-T G.773 Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission

systems

ITU-T G.805 Generic functional architecture of transport networks

ITU-T G.806 Characteristics of transport equipment - Description methodology and

generic functionality

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces

ITU-T G.810 Definitions and terminology for synchronization networks

ITU-T G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks

ITU-T G.812 Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks

in synchronization networks

ITU-T G.821 Error performance of an international digital connection operating at

a bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of an integrated

services digital network

ITU-T G.822 Controlled slip rate objectives on an international digital connection


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Product Description



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ITU-T G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are

based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy

ITU-T G.826 Error performance parameters and objectives for international,constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate

ITU-T G.8011 Ethernet over Transport - Ethernet services framework

7.5 IETF Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with IETF standards.

Table 7-5 IETF standards


RFC 2819 Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base

7.6 IEEE Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks.

Table 7-6 IEEE standards


IEEE Std 802.3 Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)

access method and physical layer specification

IEEE 802.3x Full Duplex Operation and Type 100BASE-T2

IEEE 802.3u Media Access Control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, medium

attachment units, and repeater for 100 Mb/s operation, type 100Base-

T

IEEE 802.3z Media Access Control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, repeater

and management parameters for 1000 Mb/s operation

IEEE 802.3ah Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management

Parameters for Subscriber Access Networks

IEEE 802.1d Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges

IEEE 802.1q Virtual bridged local area networks

IEEE 802.1ag Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks — Amendment 5: Connectivity

Fault Management

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7-5



7.7 Environmental Standards

The OptiX RTN 605 complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mount

microwave equipment.

Table 7-7 Environmental standards


EN 55022 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance

Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment

CISPR 22 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance

characteristics of information

ETSI EN 301 489-1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment

and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements

ETSI EN 301 489-4 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment

and services; Part 4: Specific conditions for fixed radio links and

ancillary equipment and services

NEBS GR-63-

CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements:

Physical Protection

EN 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: General

requirements

UL 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: General

requirements

IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser products-Part 1: Equipment classification,

requirements and user's guide

IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser products-Part 2: Safety of optical fiber communication

systems (OFCS)

IEC 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: General

requirements

IEC 60950-22

(Outdoor Unit)

Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 22: Equipment to be

installed outdoors

IEC 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Testing and

measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity

test Basic EMC Publication

IEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility; Part 3: Testing and measurement

techniques Section 3 radio frequency electromagnetic fields;

immunity test.


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Issue 03 (2010-05-30)







A Glossary

Terms are listed in an alphabetical order.

A.1 0-9

A.2 A-E

A.3 F-J

A.4 K-O

A.5 P-T

A.6 U-Z

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description A Glossary



A-1



A.1 0-9

1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protectionSNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal is

permanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the

normal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to the

permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected traffic

signal to be provided.

1U The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44 mm/1.75 in.)

802.1Q in 802.1Q 802.1Q in 802.1Q (QinQ) is a VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN

tag to a tagged frame.The implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a

frame with a private VLAN tag, making the frame encapsulated with two layers of VLAN

tags. The frame is forwarded over the service provider's backbone network based on the

public VLAN tag. By this, a layer 2 VPN tunnel is provided to customers.The QinQfeature enables the transmission of the private VLANs to the peer end transparently.

A.2 A-E

A

ABR See Available Bit Rate

ACAP See adjacent channel alternate polarization

Access Control List Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP address. The addresses listed in the ACL areused for authentication. If the ACL for the user is not null, it indicates that the address

where the user logged in is contained in the list.

ACL See Access Control List

adaptive modulation A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to the

channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment adopts a high-

efficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum

utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment adopts

the low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the

link that carries high-priority services.

ADC See Analog to Digital Converter

add/drop multiplexer Add/Drop Multiplexing. Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of

the constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals are

added to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed

through the ADM.

Address Resolution

Protocol

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is an Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to

MAC addresses. It allows hosts and routers to determine the link layer addresses through

ARP requests and ARP responses. The address resolution is a process in which the host

converts the target IP address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame.

The basic function of the ARP is to query the MAC address of the target equipment

through its IP address.

A Glossary

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description

A-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential


Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



adjacent channel

alternate polarization

A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal

polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.

ADM See add/drop multiplexer

Administrative Unit The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher order

VC) and an AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to

the multiplex section frame start.

AF See Assured Forwarding

AGC See Automatic Gain Control

aggregation A collection of objects that makes a whole. An aggregation can be a concrete or

conceptual set of whole-part relationships among objects.

AIS See Alarm Indication Signal

Alarm automatic

report

When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then,

an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm.

alarm cascading The shunt-wound output of the alarm signals of several subracks or cabinets.

Alarm Filtering An NE reports the detected alarm to the element management system (EMS). Based on

the filter state of the alarm, the EMS determines whether to display or save the alarm

information. If the filter state of an alarm is set to Filter, the alarm is not displayed or

stored on the EMS. The alarm, however, is still monitored by the NE.

Alarm Indication

Signal

A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failure

has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with multiple transport layers. Note: See

ITU-T Rec. G.707/Y.1322 for specific AIS signals.

Alarm suppression A function used not to monitor alarms for a specific object, which may be the

networkwide equipment, a specific NE, a specific board and even a specific function

module of a specific board.

AM See adaptive modulation

Analog to Digital

Converter

An electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The

reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).

APS See Automatic Protection Switching

ARP See Address Resolution Protocol

ASK amplitude shift keying

Assured Forwarding Assured Forwarding (AF) is one of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the

Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF. AF is suitable for certain key data services that require

assured bandwidth and short delay. For traffic within the limit, AF assures quality in

forwarding. For traffic that exceeds the limit, AF degrades the service class and continues

to forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets.

Asynchronous

Transfer Mode

A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channel

demand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of network

resources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byte

header.

ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM PVC ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit

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A-3



ATPC See automatic transmit power control

attenuator A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fibre Link. Generally used to

ensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong.

AU See Administrative UnitAutomatic Gain

Control

A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a specified manner as a

function of a specified parameter, such as received signal level.

Automatic Protection

Switching

Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system to

detect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the

traffic.

automatic transmit

power control

A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detected

at the receiver

Available Bit Rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible

forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time

quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.

B

Backward Defect

Indication

When detecting a defect, the sink node of a LSP uses backward defect indication (BDI)

to inform the upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.

bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a

network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the

transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.

Base Station Controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM network. It interworks

with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface. It provides

the following functions: Radio resource management, Base station management, Power

control, Handover control, and Traffic measurement. One BSC controls and manages

one or more BTSs in an actual network.

Base Transceiver

Station

A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic

and signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radio

equipment, and the antenna.

BDI See Backward Defect Indication

BE See best effort

BER See Bit Error Rate

best effort A kind of PHB (Per-Hop-Behavior). In the forwarding process of a DS domain, the trafficof this PHB type features reachability but the DS node does not guarantee the forwarding

quality.

BIOS Basic Input Output System

BIP Bit-Interleaved Parity

bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the corresponding

bit in the received digital signal.

Bit Error Rate Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used

to measure the communications quality of a network.

A Glossary

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Product Description



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CIR See Committed Information Rate

Circuit Cross Connect An implementation of MPLS L2VPN through the static configuration of labels.

Circuit Emulation

Service

A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the

transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATMcells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the

interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CES

technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the original

sequence at the reception end.

CIST See Common and Internal Spanning Tree

CIST root A switch of the highest priority is elected as the root in an MSTP network.

Class of Service A class object that stores the priority mapping rules. When network congestion occurs,

the class of service (CoS) first processes services by different priority levels from high

to low. If the bandwidth is insufficient to support all services, the CoS dumps the services

of low priority.

Clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a

network.

Co-Channel Dual

Polarization

A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical

polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization is twice

the transmission capacity of the single polarization.

Coarse Wavelength

Division Multiplexing

A signal transmission technology that multiplexes widely-spaced optical channels into

the same fiber. CWDM widely spaces wavelengths at a spacing of several nm. CWDM

does not support optical amplifiers and is applied in short-distance chain networking.

Colored packet A packet whose priority is determined by defined colors.

Combined cabinet Two or multiple BTS cabinets of the same type are combined to serve as one BTS.

committed access rate A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface.

CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classified

into QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate

can be defined.

Committed

Information Rate

The rate at which a frame relay network agrees to transfer information in normal

conditions. Namely, it is the rate, measured in bit/s, at which the token is transferred to

the leaky bucket.

Common and Internal

Spanning Tree

Common and Internal Spanning Tree. The single Spanning Tree calculated by STP and

RSTP together with the logical continuation of that connectivity through MST Bridges

and regions, calculatedby MSTP to ensure that all LANs in the Bridged Local Area

Network are simply and fully connected.

compact flash Compact flash (CF) was originally developed as a type of data storage device used in

portable electronic devices. For storage, CompactFlash typically uses flash memory in

a standardized enclosure.

Concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can be

used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.

connecting plate for

combining cabinets

A plate that connects two adjacent cabinet together at the cabinet top for fixing.

A Glossary

OptiX RTN 605

Product Description



Issue 03 (2010-05-30)



Connectivity Check Ethernet CFM can detect the connectivity between MEPs. The detection is achieved by

each MEP transmitting a Continuity Check Message (CCM) periodically. This detection

is called CC detection.

Constant Bit Rate constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers

cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that dependon precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.

Constraint Shortest

Path First

An extension of shortest path algorithms like OSPF and IS-IS. The path computed using

CSPF is a shortest path fulfilling set of constrains. It simply means that it runs shortest

path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. A

constraint could be minimum bandwidth required per link (also know as bandwidth

guaranteed constraint), end-to-end delay, maximum number of link traversed etc. CSPF

is widely used in MPLS Traffic Engineering. The routing using CSPF is known as

Constraint Based Routing (CBR).

Constraint-based

Routed-Label

Distribution Protocol

An alternative to RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol) in MPLS (MultiProtocol

Label Switching) networks. RSVP, which works at the IP (Internet Protocol) level, uses

IP or UDP datagrams to communicate between LSR (Label Switched Routing) peers.

RSVP does not require the maintenance of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

sessions, although RSVP must assume responsibility for error control. CR-LDP is

designed to facilitate the routing of LSPs (Label Switched Paths) through TCP sessions

between LSR peers through the communication of label distribution messages during

the session.

continuity check

message

CCM is used to detect the link status.

corrugated tube A pipe which is used for fiber routing.

CoS See Class of Service

CPU See Central Processing Unit

CR-LDP See Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol

CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check

cross polarization

interference

cancellation

A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminate

the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.

CSPF See Constraint Shortest Path First

Customer Edge A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to the

Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host.

CWDM See Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Cyclic Redundancy

Check

A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses

a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending

device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it

sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after

transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission

was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission

includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.

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D

Data Circuit-terminal

Equipment

Also Data Communications Equipment (DCE) and Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). The

basic function of a DCE is to convert data from one interface, such as a digital signal, to

another interface, such as an analog signal. One example of DCE is a modem.Data Communication

Network

A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the Data

Communication Function (DCF).

Data Communications

Channel

The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to

transmit information on operation, management, maintenance and provision (OAM&P)

between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as the

192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel that are composed of bytes D4-D12

is referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel.

Datagram A kind of PDU which is used in Connectionless Network Protocol, such as IP datagram,

UDP datagram.

DC See Direct CurrentDC-C See DC-Return Common (with Ground)

DC-I See DC-Return Isolate (with Ground)

DC-Return Common

(with Ground)

A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with

the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between

the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.

DC-Return Isolate

(with Ground)

A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with

the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGND

on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.

DCC See Data Communications Channel

DCE See Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DCN See Data Communication Network

DDF See Digital Distribution Frame

DDN See Digital Data Network

DE See discard eligible

Detour LSP The LSP that is used to re-route traffic around a failure in one-to-one backup.

diamond-shaped nut A type of nut that is used to fasten the wiring frame to the cabinet.

Differentiated Services A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a series

of functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of per-

hop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning

functions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing.

Differentiated Services

Code Point

Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits

0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various service

streams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHB

according to the DSCP value.

DiffServ See Differentiated Services

Digital Data Network A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber

channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplex

technology.

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electromagnetic

compatibility

Electromagnetic compatibility is the condition which prevails when telecommunications

equipment is performing its individually designed function in a common electromagnetic

environment without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional

electromagnetic interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.

[NTIA]ElectroStatic Discharge The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different

electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.

Embedded Control

Channel

An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a data

communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.

EMC See electromagnetic compatibility

EMI See Electro Magnetic Interference

Engineering label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.

EPLn See Ethernet Private LAN

equalization A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can compensate for the changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency selective fading.

ERPS See ethernet ring protection switching

ES-IS End System to Intermediate System

ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge

ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or

cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.

ETH-CC Ethernet Continuity Check

ETH-LB Ethernet Loopback

ETH-LT Ethernet Link Trace

Ethernet A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision

Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/

s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..

Ethernet in the First

mile

Last mile access from the broadband device to the user community. The EFM takes the

advantages of the SHDSL.bis technology and the Ethernet technology. The EFM

provides both the traditional voice service and internet access service of high speed. In

addition, it meets the users' requirements on high definition television system (HDTV)

and Video On Demand (VOD).

Ethernet LAN Ethernet LAN. A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different

domains over the PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as

a Layer 2 switch.

Ethernet Private LAN Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared between

different customers.

ethernet ring

protection switching

protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet ring topologies.

Ethernet Virtual

Private LAN

A service that is both a LAN service and a virtual private service.

Ethernet-Tree etherenet tree. An Ethernet service type that is based on a Point-to-multipoint Ethernet

Virtual Connection.

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ETS European Telecommunication Standards

ETSI See European Telecommunications Standards Institute

ETSI 300mm cabinet A cabinet which is 600mm in width and 300mm in depth, compliant with the standards

of the ETSI.European

Telecommunications

Standards Institute

A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.

EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line

EVPLn See Ethernet Virtual Private LAN

Excess Burst Size excess burst size. In the single rate three color marker (srTCM) mode, the traffic control

is realized by the token buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a parameter used to define

the capacity of token bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the

information is transferred at the committed information rate. This parameter must be

larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximumlength of the IP packet that might be forwarded.

Exercise Switching An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. The

protection switching is not really performed.

Expedited Forwarding Expedited Forwarding (EF) is the highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHB

is suitable for services that demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broad

bandwidth. In all the cases, EF traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or faster

than the set rate. The DSCP value of EF PHB is "101110".

A.3 F-J

F

Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function

to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been

detected.

Fast Ethernet A type of Ethernet with a maximum transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s. It complies with

the IEEE 802.3u standard and extends the traditional media-sharing Ethernet standard.

fast link pulse The likn pulse that is used to encode information during automatic negotiation.

FCS Frame Check Sequence

FD See frequency diversity

FDI See Forward Defect Indication

FE See Fast Ethernet

FEC See Forward Error Correction

FFD Fast Failure Detection

Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple

the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A

connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source

(or a detector).

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fiber patch cord A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for

connections between subracks or inside a subrack.

Field Programmable

Gate Array

A type of semi-customized circuit used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit

(ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as the

PAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits, but alsoovercomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of the

limited number of gate arraies.

FIFO See First in First out

File Transfer Protocol A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computers

on the Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must be an

FTP client and the other an FTP server.

First in First out A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked.

FLP See fast link pulse

Forced switch This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protectionchannel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardless

of the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boards

are satisfying a higher priority bridge request.

Forward Defect

Indication

Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to the sink node of the

LSP by the node that first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the

defect and its location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected

higher level client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.

Forward Error

Correction

A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at

the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during

transmission are corrected at the receive end.

Forwarding plane Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and can

be used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network.

FPGA See Field Programmable Gate Array

Fragment Piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units.

Fragmentation Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium

that can not support the original size of the packet.

frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length

is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle.

A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words,

a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements pre-

specified by the sending and receiving parties.

frequency diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certain

frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then

performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.

FTP See File Transfer Protocol

Full duplex The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.On

the communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.

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H

H-QoS Hierarchical Quality of Service

HA See High Availability

half-duplex A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for communication in both

directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party

begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before

replying.

HDB3 High Density Bipolar Code 3

HDLC See High level Data Link Control procedure

High Availability The ability of a system to continuously perform its functions during a long period, which

may exceeds the suggested working time of the independent components. You can obtain

the high availability (HA) by using the error tolerance method. Based on learning cases

one by one, you must also clearly understand the limitations of the system that requires

an HA ability and the degree to which the ability can reach.

High level Data Link

Control procedure

A data link protocol from ISO for point-to-point communications over serial links.

Derived from IBM's SDLC protocol, HDLC has been the basis for numerous protocols

including X.25, ISDN, T1, SS7, GSM, CDPD, PPP and others. Various subsets of HDLC

have been developed under the name of Link Access Procedure (LAP).

High Speed Downlink

Packet Access

A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement

for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the

maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the

WCDMA network topology.

Hold priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to holding resources, ranging from 0 (indicates

the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the resources occupied by thetunnel can be preempted by other tunnels.

Hop A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internet operation a hop represents

a small step on the route from one main computer to another.

hot standby A mechanism of ensuring device running security. The environment variables and

storage information of each running device are synchronized to the standby device. When

the faults occur on the running device, the standby device can take over the services in

the faulty device in automatic or manual way to ensure the normal running of the entire

system.

HP Higher Order Path

HSDPA See High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSM Hitless Switch Mode

HTB High Tributary Bus

hybrid radio The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio supports

the AM function.

I

ICMP See Internet Control Messages Protocol

IDU See indoor unit

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IEC See International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF The Internet Engineering Task Force

IF See intermediate frequency

IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP snooping A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages

and controls the multicast group by listening to and analyze the Internet Group

Management Protocol (IGMP) packet between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner,

the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.

IMA See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

indoor unit The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,

multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services.

Inloop A method of looping the signals from the cross-connect unit back to the cross-connectunit.

Institute of Electrical

and Electronics

Engineers

A society of engineering and electronics professionals based in the United States but

boasting membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical,

electronics, computer engineering, and science-related matters.

Interface board area The area for the interface boards on the subrack.

intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF

signal.

Intermediate System The basic unit in the IS-IS protocol used to transmit routing information and generate

routes.

Intermediate System to

Intermediate System

A protocol used by network devices (routers) .IS-IS is a kind of Interior Gateway Protocol

(IGP), used within the ASs. It is a link status protocol using Shortest Path First (SPF)

algorithm to calculate the route.

Internal Spanning Tree Internal spanning tree. A segment of CIST in a certain MST region. An IST is a special

MSTI whose ID is 0.

International

Electrotechnical

Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international and non-

governmental standards organization dealing with electrical and electronical standards.

International

Organization for

Standardization

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and

publisher of International Standards.

Internet Control

Messages Protocol

ICMP belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is used to send error and control messages

during the transmission of IP-type data packets.

Internet Group

Management Protocol

The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups among

the TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish

and maintain multicast group memberships.

Internet Protocol The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP packet as the unit of information sent

across an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, best-effort packet delivery

service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. The

entire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the two

fundamental protocols. IP is standardized in RFC 791.

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Internet Protocol

Version 6

A update version of IPv4. It is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). The specifications

and standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task

Force (IETF).Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is also called. It is a new version of the

Internet Protocol, designed as the successor to IPv4. The specifications and

standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF).The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while

an IPv6 address has 128 bits.

Inverse Multiplexing

over ATM

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM. The ATM inverse multiplexing technique involves

inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links

grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of

the link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group.

IP See Internet Protocol

IPv6 See Internet Protocol Version 6

IS-IS See Intermediate System to Intermediate System

ISO See International Organization for Standardization

IST See Internal Spanning Tree

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector

IVL Independence VLAN learning

J

Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system

instability.

A.4 K-O

L

L2VPN See Layer 2 virtual private network

Label Switched Path A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through label

switching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based on

normal routing mechanisms, or through configuration.

Label Switching Router The Label Switching Router (LSR) is the basic element of MPLS network. All LSRssupport the MPLS protocol. The LSR is composed of two parts: control unit and

forwarding unit. The former is responsible for allocating the label, selecting the route,

creating the label forwarding table, creating and removing the label switch path; the latter

forwards the labels according to groups received in the label forwarding table.

LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol

LAG See link aggregation group

LAN See Local Area Network

LAPD Link Access Procedure on the D channel

LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH

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Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser

light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor

laser as the light source.

layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits

and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is thesecond layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.

Layer 2 virtual private

network

A virtual private network realized in the packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer

2 switching technologies.

LB See Loopback

LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LDPC Low-Density Parity Check code

line rate forwarding The line rate equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.

Link Aggregation

Control Protocol

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad)

that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACPallows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.

link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link

aggregation group so that a MAC clientcan treat the link aggregation group as if it were

a single link.

Link Capacity

Adjustment Scheme

The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamic

provisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements.

Link Protection Protection provided by the bypass tunnel for the link on the working tunnel. The link is

a downstream link adjacent to the PLR. When the PLR fails to provide node protection,

the link protection should be provided.

LMSP Linear Multiplex Section Protection

Local Area Network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square

kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet,

FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs

are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/

s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).

Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from being

switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been

switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to

the working channel.

LOF See Loss Of Frame

LOM Loss Of Multiframe

Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the

signal or message can be analyzed for errors.

LOP See Loss Of Pointer

LOS See Loss Of Signal

Loss Of Frame A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead

indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation. This is used to monitor

the performance of the PHY layer.

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Loss Of Pointer Loss of Pointer: A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the

PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start of

cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.

Loss Of Signal Loss of signal (LOS) indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the received

signal.

Lower subrack The subrack close to the bottom of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.

LP Lower Order Path

LPT Link State Path Through

LSP See Label Switched Path

LSR See Label Switching Router

M

MA See Maintenance Association

MAC See Medium Access Control

MAC See Media Access Control

MADM Multi Add-Drop Multiplexer

Maintenance

Association

That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the

connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance

Entities.

Maintenance

association End Point

A MEP is an actively managed CFM Entity, associated with a specific DSAP of a Service

Instance, which can generate and receive CFM frames and track any responses. It is an

end point of a single Maintenance Association, and terminates a separate MaintenanceEntity for each of the other MEPs in the same Maintenance Association.

Maintenance Domain The Maintenance Domain (MD) refers to the network or the part of the network for which

connectivity is managed by CFM. The devices in an MD are managed by a single ISP.

Maintenance Point Maintenance Point (MP) is one of either a MEP or a MIP.

Management

Information Base

A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It

comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as

routers and switches) in a network.

Manual switching A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of a

higher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to the

protection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability.

Maximum Transfer

Unit

The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the size of the largest datagram that can be

sent over a network.

MBS Maximum Burst Size

MCF See Message Communication Function

MD See Maintenance Domain

MDI See Medium Dependent Interface

Mean Time To Repair The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.

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Media Access Control A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the

data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting

the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol

checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control

information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information aretransmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC

protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted

correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control

information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.

Medium Access

Control

A general reference to the low-level hardware protocols used to access a particular

network. The term MAC address is often used as a synonym for physical addresses.

Medium Dependent

Interface

The electrical and mechanical interface between the equipment and the media

transmission.

MEP See Maintenance association End Point

MessageCommunication

Function

The MCF is composed of a protocol stack that allows exchange of managementinformation with their prs .

MIB See Management Information Base

MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

MLPPP See Multi-link Point to Point Protocol

mount angle An L-shape steel sheet. One side is fixed on the front panel with screws, and the other

side is fixed on the installation hole with screws. On both sides of a rack, there is an L-

shaped metal fastener. This ensures that internal components are closely connected with

the rack. Normally, an internal component is installed with two mount angles.

MP See Maintenance Point

MPID Maintenance Point Identification

MPLS See Multi-Protocol Label Switch

MPLS L2VPN The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network.In

this case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of

different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.

MPLS OAM The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of fault

detection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and

relevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CR-

LSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs.

In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum.

MPLS TE Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering

MPLS TE tunnel In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to be transported through

multiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used. In traffic engineering, such a group

of LSP tunnels are referred to as TE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has two

identifiers. One is the Tunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquely

define the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by the SENDER_TEMPLATE or

FILTER_SPEC object.

MS See Multiplex Section

MSP See multiplex section protection

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MSTI See Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

MTBF Mean Time Between Failure

MTTR See Mean Time To Repair

MTU See Maximum Transfer Unit

Multi-link Point to

Point Protocol

A protocol used in ISDN connections. MLPPP lets two B channels act as a single line,

doubling connection rates to 128Kbps.

Multi-Protocol Label

Switch

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link

layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of

IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of

networks, and is beneficial to routing.

Multicast A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. The

destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address

ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicastgroup rather than a host.

Multiple Spanning

Tree Instance

Multiple spanning tree instance. One of a number of Spanning Trees calculated by MSTP

within an MST Region, to provide a simply and fully connected active topology for

frames classified as belonging to a VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MST

Configuration. A VLAN cannot be assigned to multiple MSTIs.

Multiple Spanning

Tree Protocol

Multiple spanning tree protocol. The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an

algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed

as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided

in the loop network.The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and

multiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded

in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.

Multiple Spanning

Tree Region

The MST region consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links among

them. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MST

region attributes belong to the same MST region. The attributes for the same MST region

are as follows: Same region name Same revision level Same mapping relation between

the VLAN ID to MSTI

Multiplex Section The trail between and including two multiplex section trail termination functions.

multiplex section

protection

A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and

including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a

"protection" channel.

N

N+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection

channel.

NE See Network Element

NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiX

equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE,

boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.

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Network Element A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. One

NE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors the

entire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board.

network management

system

The network management system in charge of the operation, administration, and

maintenance of a network.

Network Service Access

Point

A network address defined by ISO, through which entities on the network layer can

access OSI network services.

Network to Network

Interface

This is an internal interface within a network linking two or more elements.

next hop The next router to which a packet is sent from any given router as it traverses a network

on its journey to its final destination.

NLP Normal Link Pulse

NMS See network management system

NNHOP Next-Next-Hop

NNI See Network to Network Interface

Node A node stands for a managed device in the network.For a device with a single frame, one

node stands for one device.For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for one

frame of the device.Therefore, a node does not always mean a device.

Node Protection A parameter of the FRR protection. It indicates that the bypass tunnel should be able to

protect the downstream node that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the

PLR. The node cannot be a merge point, and the bypass tunnel should also be able to

protect the downstream link that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the

PLR.

non-gateway network

element

A network element whose communication with the NM application layer must be

transferred by the gateway network element application layer.

non-GNE See non-gateway network element

NSAP See Network Service Access Point

NSF Not Stop Forwarding

NSMI Network Serial Multiplexed Interface

O

OAM See Operation, Administration and Maintenanc

ODF See Optical Distribution Frame

ODU See outdoor unit

One-to-One Backup A local repair method in which a backup tunnel is separately created for each protected

tunnel at a PLR.

Open Shortest Path

First

A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra's

algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. A

link state database is constructed of the network topology which is identical on all routers

in the area.

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Open Systems

Interconnection

A standard or "reference model" (officially defined by the International Organization of

Standards (ISO)) for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a

telecommunication network. The reference model defines seven layers of functions that

take place at each end of a communication.

Operation,Administration and

Maintenanc

Operation, Administration and Maintenance. A group of network support functions thatmonitor and sustain segment operation, activities that are concerned with, but not limited

to, failure detection, notification, location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faults

and keep a segment in an operational state and support activities required to provide the

services of a subscriber access network to users/subscribers.

Optical Distribution

Frame

A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.

orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or

maintenance engineers of different stations.

OSI See Open Systems Interconnection

OSP OptiX Software Platform

OSPF See Open Shortest Path First

outdoor unit The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency

conversion and amplification for RF signals.

Outloop A method of looping back the input signals received at an port to an output port without

changing the structure of the signals.

Output optical power The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.

A.5 P-TP

Packet over SDH/

SONET

A MAN and WAN technology that provides point-to-point data connections. The POS

interface uses SDH/SONET as the physical layer protocol, and supports the transport of

packet data (such as IP packets) in MAN and WAN.

packet switched

network

A telecommunication network which works in packet switching mode.

Packing case A case which is used for packing the board or subrack.

Path/Channel A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signalat the given rate is assembled, and the point at which the standard frame format for the

signal is disassembled.

PBS See peak burst size

PCB See Printed Circuit Board

PCI bus PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. A high performance bus, 32-bit or 64-bit

for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems.

PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PE See Provider Edge

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peak burst size A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burst

IP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. This

parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not

less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.

Peak Information Rate Peak Information Rate . A traffic parameter, expressed in bit/s, whose value should benot less than the committed information rate.

Penultimate Hop

Popping

Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS

enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged

packet is removed by a Label Switched Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an

adjacent Label Edge Router (LER).

Per-Hop-Behavior A forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node. This behavior belongs to the

behavior aggregate defined in the DiffServ domain.

PHB See Per-Hop-Behavior

PHP See Penultimate Hop Popping

PIM-DM Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode

PIM-SM See Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode

PIR See Peak Information Rate

Plesiochronous Digital

Hierarchy

A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimum

rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.

Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol on the data link layer, provides point-to-point transmission and encapsulates

data packets on the network layer. It is located in layer 2 of the IP protocol stack.

polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or

rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is

perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically

polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the

plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the

tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this

electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.

POS See Packet over SDH/SONET

Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies

power for the subracks in the cabinet.

PPP See Point-to-Point Protocol

PPVPN Provider Provisioned VPN

PQ See Priority Queuing

PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

Printed Circuit Board A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components

using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto

a non-conductive substrate.

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Priority Queuing A priority queue is an abstract data type in computer programming that supports the

following three operations: 1) InsertWithPriority: add an element to the queue with an

associated priority 2) GetNext: remove the element from the queue that has the highest

priority, and return it (also known as "PopElement(Off)", or "GetMinimum") 3)

PeekAtNext (optional): look at the element with highest priority without removing itProcessing board area An area for the processing boards on the subrack.

protection grounding

cable

A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, one

half of the cable is yellow; while the other half is green.

Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protocol Independent

Multicast-Sparse Mode

A protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and inter-

domain) internets. This protocol is named protocol independent because it is not

dependent on any particular unicast routing protocol for topology discovery, and sparse-

mode because it is suitable for groups where a very low percentage of the nodes (and

their routers) will subscribe to the multicast session. Unlike earlier dense-mode multicast

routing protocols such as DVMRP and PIM-DM which flooded packets everywhere andthen pruned off branches where there were no receivers, PIM-SM explicitly constructs

a tree from each sender to the receivers in the multicast group. Multicast packets from

the sender then follow this tree.

Provider Edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is

responsible for VPN user management, establishment of LSPs between PEs, and

exchange of routing information between sites of the same VPN. During the process, a

PE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network and

the public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.

Pseudo wire An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established

and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is

maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.

Pseudo Wire

Emulation Edge-to-

Edge

Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) is a type of end-to-end Layer 2

transmitting technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a telecommunication

service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a Packet Switched Network (PSN). PWE3 also

emulates the essential attributes of low speed Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) circuit

and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real situation.

PSN See packet switched network

PTN Packet Transport Network

PW See Pseudo wire

PWE3 See Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge

Q

QoS See Quality of Service

QPSK See Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Phase Shift

Keying

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a modulation method of data transmission

through the conversion or modulation and the phase determination of the reference

signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses

four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these

phases, each QPSK character can perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Gray

code on graph with the minimum BER.

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Quality of Service Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoS

is influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability,

service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.

R

Radio Freqency A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an

electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic wave.

The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current. The AC

with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can be classified

into such high-frequency current.

Radio Network

Controller

A device used in the RNS to control the usage and integrity of radio resources.

Random Early

Detection

A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according

to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronization

resulted in traditional Tail-Drop can be prevented.

Rapid Spanning Tree

Protocol

An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree

convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with

the STP protocol.

RDI See Remote Defect Indication

Received Signal

Strength Indicator

The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the

receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD

within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna

Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received

power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10

BER.RED See Random Early Detection

REI See Remote Error Indication

Remote Defect

Indication

A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing direction when a terminal

detects specific defects in the incoming signal.

Remote Error

Indication

A remote error indication (REI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There are

two types of REI alarms: Remote error indication line (REI-L) is sent to the upstream

LTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte. Remote error indication path (REI-P) is

sent to the upstream PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte.

remote network

monitoring

A manage information base (MIB) defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force

(IETF). RMON is mainly used to monitor the data flow of one network segment or theentire network.

Resource Reservation

Protocol

The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is designed for Integrated Service and is

used to reserve resources on every node along a path. RSVP operates on the transport

layer; however, RSVP does not transport application data. RSVP is a network control

protocol like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

Reverse pressure A traffic control method. In telecommunication, when detecting that the transmit end

transmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals to ask the transmit end

to slow down the transmission rate.

RF See Radio Freqency

RFC Request For Comment

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RIP See Routing Information Protocol

RMON See remote network monitoring

RNC See Radio Network Controller

Root alarm An alarm directly caused by anomaly events or faults in the network. Some lower-levelalarms always accompany a root alarm.

route A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/

IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.

Routing Information

Protocol

Routing Information Protocol: A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IP

protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source and

destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routing

information to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth.

routing table A table that stores and updates the locations (addresses) of network devices. Routers

regularly share routing table information to be up to date. A router relies on the

destination address and on the information in the table that gives the possible routes--inhops or in number of jumps--between itself, intervening routers, and the destination.

Routing tables are updated frequently as new information is available.

RS Reed-Solomon encoding

RSL Received Signal Level

RSSI See Received Signal Strength Indicator

RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RSVP See Resource Reservation Protocol

RTN Radio Transmission Node

S

SD See space diversity

SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDP Serious Disturbance Period

SEMF Synchronous Equipment Management Function

Service Level

Agreement

A management-documented agreement that defines the relationship between service

provider and its customer. It also provides specific, quantifiable information about

measuring and evaluating the delivery of services. The SLA details the specific operating

and support requirements for each service provided. It protects the service provider and

customer and allows the service provider to provide evidence that it has achieved the

documented target measure.

SES Severely Errored Second

Setup Priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to obtaining resources, ranging from 0 (indicates

the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the tunnel can preempt the

resources required by other backup tunnels.

SF See Signal Fail

SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable

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side trough The trough on the side of the cable rack, which is used to place nuts so as to fix the

cabinet.

signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signal

cable.

Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect

condition (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Signal Noise Ratio The SNR or S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the amplitude of the desired signal to the

amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the

logarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).

Simple Network

Management Protocol

A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify

the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the

transmission of management information between any two points. The polling

mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which

can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the

network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Controlinformation about each device is maintained by a management information block.

simplex Of or relating to a telecommunications system in which only one message can be sent

in either direction at one time.

SLA See Service Level Agreement

Slicing To divide data into the information units proper for transmission.

Small Form-Factor

Pluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.

SNC See SubNetwork Connection

SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection

SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR See Signal Noise Ratio

SP Strict Priority

space diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance

to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two

signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.

Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop.

STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths through

certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network.

SSM See Synchronization Status Message

Static Virtual Circuit Static virtual circuit. A static implementation of MPLS L2VPN that transfers L2VPN

information by manual configuration of VC labels, instead of by a signaling protocol.

Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can be

transmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only to

active input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices

to be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM.

STM See synchronous transport module

STM-1 SDH Transport Module -1

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STM-1e STM-1 Electrical Interface

STM-1o STM-1 Optical Interface

STP See Spanning Tree Protocol

sub-network Sub-network is the logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group of network management objects. The network that consists of a group of interconnected or

correlated NEs, according to different functions. For example, protection subnet, clock

subnet and so on. A sub-network can contain NEs and other sub-networks. Generally, a

sub-network is used to contain the equipments which are located in adjacent regions and

closely related with one another, and it is indicated with a sub-network icon on a

topological view. The U2000 supports multilevels of sub-networks. A sub-network

planning can better the organization of a network view. On the one hand, the view space

can be saved, on the other hand, it helps the network management personnel focus on

the equipments under their management.

subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are

destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine,server or router and is matched with the IP address.

SubNetwork

Connection

A "transport entity" that transfers information across a subnetwork, it is formed by the

association of "ports" on the boundary of the subnetwork.

SubNetwork

Connection Protection

A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if

the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required

level.

SVC See Static Virtual Circuit

SVL Shared VLAN Learning

Switch To filter, forward frames based on label or the destination address of each frame. This

behavior operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.

Synchronization Status

Message

A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronous

timing link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and the

synchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two perform

operations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold),

and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream.

Synchronous Digital

Hierarchy

SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines

the transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,

transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-

ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed

counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH issuitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since

it uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.

synchronous transport

module

An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the

SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields

organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 . The information is suitably

conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized

to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Higher

capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacities

for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.

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T

tail drop A type of QoS. When a queue within a network router reaches its maximum length,

packet drops can occur. When a packet drop occurs, connection-based protocols such as

TCP slow down their transmission rates in an attempt to let queued packets be serviced,thereby letting the queue empty. This is also known as tail drop because packets are

dropped from the input end (tail) of the queue.

Tail drop A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when

the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide

synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.

TCI Tag Control Information

TCP See TransmissionControl Protocol

TDM See Time Division Multiplexing

TE See traffic engineering

TEDB See Traffic Engineering DataBase

Telecommunication

Management Network

The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T

for managing open systems in a communications network.An architecture for

management, including planning, provisioning, installation, maintenance, operation and

administration of telecommunications equipment, networks and services.

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

Time Division

Multiplexing

It is a multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time

slots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3......), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross

time slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be

transmitted over one channel.

Time To Live A technique used in best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets that loop endlessly.

The TTL is set by the sender to the maximum time the packet is allowed to be in the

network. Each router in the network decrements the TTL field when the packet arrives,

and discards any packet if the TTL counter reaches zero.

TMN See Telecommunication Management Network

ToS priority A ToS sub-field (the bits 0 to 2 in the ToS field) in the ToS field of the IP packet header.

TPS See Tributary Protection Switch

traffic engineering A task that effectively maps the service flows to the existing physical topology.

Traffic Engineering

DataBase

TEDB is the abbreviation of the traffic engineering database. MPLS TE needs to know

the features of the dynamic TE of every links by expanding the current IGP, which uses

the link state algorithm, such as OSPF and IS-IS. The expanded OSPF and IS-IS contain

some TE features, such as the link bandwidth and color. The maximum reserved

bandwidth of the link and the unreserved bandwidth of every link with priority are rather

important. Every router collects the information about TE of every links in its area and

generates TE DataBase. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the MPLS

TE network.

Traffic shaping It is a way of controlling the network traffic from a computer to optimize or guarantee

the performance and minimize the delay. It actively adjusts the output speed of traffic

in the scenario that the traffic matches network resources provided by the lower layer

devices, avoiding packet loss and congestion.

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trail A type of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signals from the input of the

trail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring the integrality of the transferred

signals.

TransmissionControl

Protocol

The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets to

be sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the reassembly and verification of the completemessages from packets received by IP. A connection-oriented, reliable protocol (reliable

in the sense of ensuring error-free delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport layer in

the ISO/OSI reference model.

Tributary Protection

Switch

Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended to

protect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.

trTCM See Two Rate Three Color Marker

TTL See Time To Live

TU Tributary Unit

Tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs.In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The tunnel

ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel

is an MPLS tunnel.

Two Rate Three Color

Marker

The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, Peak

Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associated

burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds the

PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds or

doesn't exceed the CIR.

A.6 U-ZU

UAS Unavailable Second

UBR See Unspecified Bit Rate

UDP See User Datagram Protocol

underfloor cabling The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.

UNI See User Network Interface

Unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.

Unspecified Bit Rate No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is ideal

for the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded,

and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender.

Upper subrack The subrack close to the top of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

upward cabling Cables or fibres connect the cabinet with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.

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User Datagram

Protocol

A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a

datagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IP

to deliver datagrams. UDP provides application programs with the unreliable

connectionless packet delivery service. Thus, UDP messages can be lost, duplicated,

delayed, or delivered out of order.UDP is used to try to transmit the data packet, that is,the destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet is

received.

User Network Interface A type of ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for the

interface between ATM-based products (a router or an ATM switch) located in a private

network and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used to

describe similar connections in Frame Relay networks.

V

V-NNI See virtual network-network interface

V-UNI See Virtual User-Network Interface

Variable Bit Rate One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a

permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth

and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls.

VBR See Variable Bit Rate

VC See Virtual Channel

VC-12 Virtual Container -12



VCC Virtual Channel Connection

VCC,VPL See Virtual Chanel Connection

VCG See virtual concatenation group

VCI See Virtual Channel Identifier

Virtual Chanel

Connection

Virtual Channel Connection. The VC logical trail that carries data between two end

points in an ATM network. A logical grouping of multiple virtual channel connections

into one virtual connection.

Virtual Channel Any logical connection in the ATM network. A VC is the basic unit of switching in the

ATM network uniquely identified by a virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channel

identifier (VCI) value. It is the channel on which ATM cells are transmitted by the sw

Virtual Channel

Identifier

virtual channel identifier. A 16-bit field in the header of an ATM cell. The VCI, together

with the VPI, is used to identify the next destination of a cell as it passes through a series

of ATM switches on its way to its destination.

virtual concatenation

group

A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the same

virtual concatenation link

Virtual Leased Line A point-to-point, layer-2 channel that behaves like a leased line by transparently

transporting different protocols with a guaranteed throughput.

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Virtual Local Area

Network

A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on the same physical

network segment but which share the same IP network number. This is often associated

with switched Ethernet.

virtual network-

network interface

A virtual network-network interface (V-NNI) is a network-side interface.

Virtual Path Identifier The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which

VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs.

Virtual Private LAN

Service

A type of point-to-multipoint L2VPN service provided over the public network. VPLS

enables geographically isolated user sites to communicate with each other through the

MAN/WAN as if they are on the same LAN.

Virtual Private

Network

The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, and

authenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provide

remote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.

Virtual Private Wire

Service

A technology that bears Layer 2 services. VPWS emulates services such as ATM, FR,

Ethernet, low-speed TDM circuit, and SONET/SDH in a PSN.

Virtual Routing and

Forwarding

A technology included in IP (Internet Protocol) network routers that allows multiple

instances of a routing table to exist in a router and work simultaneously.

Virtual Switch Instance An instance through which the physical access links of VPLS can be mapped to the

virtual links. Each VSI provides independent VPLS service. VSI has Ethernet bridge

function and can terminate PW.

Virtual User-Network

Interface

virtual user-network interface. A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point

to perform service claissification and traffic control in HQoS.

VLAN See Virtual Local Area Network

VLL See Virtual Leased Line

Voice over IP An IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice

information over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in a digital form

in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the

public switched telephone network (PSTN).

VoIP See Voice over IP

VPI See Virtual Path Identifier

VPLS See Virtual Private LAN Service

VPN See Virtual Private Network

VPWS See Virtual Private Wire Service

VRF See Virtual Routing and Forwarding

VSI See Virtual Switch Instance

W

Wait to Restore Time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can

be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic

signal from.

WAN See Wide Area Network

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Web LCT The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located on the NE

management layer of the transport network

Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) is a fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth

allocation weights. This scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an

interface to queues, according to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. Inthis manner, packets of all priority queues can be scheduled.

Weighted Random

Early Detection

A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP

synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority

packet when calculating the packet loss ratio.

WFQ See Weighted Fair Queuing

Wide Area Network A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which are

physically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as a

province, a state or even a country.

Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.

wire speed Wire speed refers to the maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of

wire speed equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.

WMS Wholesale Managed Services

WRED See Weighted Random Early Detection

WRR Weighted Round Robin

WTR See Wait to Restore Time

X

XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination

XPIC See cross polarization interference cancellation

OptiX RTN 605


Date post:	10-Feb-2018
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RTN 605 Product Description(V100R005C00_03)

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