Rubi in Southern and Mid-Western IrelandAuthor(s): Alan NewtonSource: The Irish Naturalists' Journal, Vol. 24, No. 9 (Jan., 1994), pp. 368-374Published by: Irish Naturalists' Journal Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25539891 .

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368 Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 24 No. 9 1994

PLANT RECORDS

RUBI IN SOUTHERN AND MID-WESTERN IRELAND

A further attempt to unravel the mysteries of Irish Rubi was made in 1992. It was decided at the

outset to concentrate on two areas which had looked promising on previous forays but which had

perforce remained unexplored in depth due to lack of time. A line from Bantry via Millstreet and

Clonmel to New Ross delineated one area of search to the south including parts of Cos Kilkenny, Waterford, South Tipperary and the three Cork vice-counties. A week was spent based at

Carrick-on-Suir and Macroom. The second area encompassed a large part of Cavan, Sligo and East

and West Mayo with small incursions into Meath and Monaghan in the east and Leitrim and

Roscommon in the centre. Cavan, Boyle and Castlebar served as foray centres.

It was an early summer and the brambles were well advanced in the south but, in spite of this it

was still possible to collect good material in early August particularly in the upland valleys and moor

fringes. Cavan and Sligo also provided excellent bramble displays, but the Mayo weather turned very

changeable in mid-August. A combination of blustery rain, plants past their best and severe attacks of

rust and mildew in places combined to heighten the difficulties facing the taxonomist. In spite of these

problems the choice of these areas for exploration was amply justified by the abundance and quality of

discoveries made: 467 10km2 records of 65 named taxa were amassed; 70 specimens were retained, 20

of local endemics at present lacking names (these were, however, rarely met with more than once or

twice), 11 taxa new to Ireland not listed in Scannell and Synott (1987 Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland. 2nd edition. Stationery Office, Dublin) were discovered and county lists enhanced by 106

new entries.

Several features of Rubus distribution in Ireland were confirmed or clarified while a few

fascinating and unaccountable occurrences emphasised the capacity of the bramble tribe to provide

continuing surprises. A suspicion that south-east Ireland might provide further evidence of affinity with southern Wales and north Devon (an assemblage which I have previously called the Severn Bay Rubus florula) was borne out by the discovery new to Ireland of Rubus plymensis, R. acclivitatum, R.

hastiformis, R. milesii and R. ley anus (all in vc H6), R. rossensis in H12 and/?, winteri in both; Co

Waterford provided further echoes of SW Britain with new sites for R. rubritinctus. R. albionis, R.

anaticaulis, R, aequalidens, R. largificua and/?, moylei. It is noteworthy that, of the ten brambles

seen en route approaching Fishguard in Pembroke, only one (R.perdigitatus) is still to be found across

the water. Several species frequent in western and south-western Britain were found to extend through Cork to Bantry Bay, East and Mid-Cork is clearly congenial to the development of brambl

communities with its heathy moorland at moderate altitude recalling north and west Devon: the wetter

steeper terrain of West Cork has fewer, less diverse bramble assemblages with the most productive

ground confined to the margins of bogs, roadside banks and wooded lake fringes, features common to

the whole of western Ireland in the high rainfall zone. Waterford and Kilkenny provide a

well-dissected landscape favourable to bramble development, banks and slopes above rivers and

streams and along tracks and minor roads being particularly rich, closely followed by moorland

fringes of the higher woods.

The northern area of exploration provides a complete contrast of terrain, its hummocky

drumlin-packed landscape providing well-drained slopes with a honeycomb of lanes lines with banks

and hedges, while to the west in Mayo in spite of inhospitable exposed hills there are also sheltered

valleys and lake sides with wooded surrounds. Brambles here are equally profuse in number and

diversity (though the number of local endemics is smaller), but the most interesting feature is the

disappearance of the Severn bay florula and its replacement by a northerly element in which R.

adenanthoides, R. hebridensis, R, dasyphyllus, R. echinatoides and/?, drejeriare conspicuous. All

these species are well represented in northern Britain, R. adenanthoides being abundant in Durham

and the Lake District, /?. hebridensis frequent along the Firth of Clyde, /?. dasyphyllus common in

Galloway and Cumbria, and R. echinatoides and /?. drejeri in central Scotland and north Ayrshire. Another northern bramble, R. septentrionalis, was found in small quantity where Sligo and

Roscommon meet. Cavan stands at the intersection of several bramble assemblages: one can discern, in addition, /?. lettii (an Ulster near-endemic), /?. bartonii and R. incurvatus, abundant in North

Wales, as well as R. boudiccae and/?, lindleianus from midland and southern England. /?. sprengelii, a bramble characteristic of heathy sessile oak/birch woodland in Britain and north-west continental

Europe is also found in one of its rare Irish localities. West Mayo belongs to the extreme western Irish

zone in which the endemics R. iricus and R. hesperius are shared with Donegal, West Galway and

Kerry and are accompanied by the widespread/?, dentatifolius extending from western France and R.

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Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 24 No. 9 1994 369

altiarcuatus, a plant well suited to the rigours of western hill and coastal Britain though it reaches no

further north there than the Lleyn peninsula. Inland in W Mayo, occasional sheltered slopes nurture

remnants of ancient woodland which may produce the most unexpected brambles, e.g.R. scaber, R.

pallidus, R. polyoplus and R. grifftthianus. Ofthe 65 species observed, 19 were found solely in the south and 15 solely in the north while 16

straddled both areas and 11 exhibited a marked westerly tendency. In the following note on Rubus species found, names and sequence are based on Brambles ofthe

British Isles by Edees, E. S. and Newton, A. (1988 Ray Society, London). New Irish county records

are indicated for each species in brackets, while Rubi new to Ireland are indicated by 'NIR\

Specimens of these taxa are retained in my herbarium.

RUBUS L.

R. spectabilis Pursh. Thoroughly naturalized with other brambles in 'wild* habitats, H5301 and

W1855 (NCR 3, 30).

SECTION Rubus

SUBSECTION Rubus

R. briggsianus (Rogers). Rare, one colony in grazed damp heathland in West Mayo. (NCR 27). R. nobilissimus (W. C. R. Watson.) Pearsall. Apparently confined to the SW: two sightings in damp thickets. (NCR 3, 4).

R. plicatus Weihe & Nees. Widespread in boggy thickets by lake margins. (NCR 3). R. scissus W. C. R. Watson. Margins of bogs, scarcer than the last. (NCR 3, 27).

SUBSECTION Hiemales

SERIES Sylvatici (P. J. Mueller) Focke.

R. albionis W. C. R. Watson. Frequent in both areas in hedges, banks, wood fringes: ascends to

200m. on the Ox Mountains. (NCR 3, 4, 6, 26). R. errabundus W. C. R. Watson. Scarce, seen in three widely separated hedges in the N, (NCR 29,

30, 32). R. hesperius Rogers. Scattered in West Mayo only. (NCR 27). R. lindleianus Lees, Scarce, three sites only in Cavan hedges. R. plymensis (Focke) Edees & Newton. Locally frequent in wood borders in Co Waterford: common,

often abundant, in Devon, with an outlier in Brecon. NIR. (NCR 6). R. polyoplus W. C. R. Watson. One patch near the coast in West Mayo, but quite unmistakeable.

Fairly frequent in S Wales and the Welsh borders: W Glos., Monmouth, Hereford, Glamorgan, Brecon. NIR. (NCR 27). R. pyramidalis Kaltenb. Occasional throughout the W, usually small numbers of large, handsome

bushes.

R. robiae (W. C. R. Watson) Newton. Found in a few hedges in Co Cork and on a heathy bank in W

Cavan, recalling its habitats in England. (NCR 3, 5).

SERIES Rhamnifolii Focke

R. acclivitatum W. C. R. Watson. Well established in wood borders and banks in one area of Co

Waterford. A widespread and frequent plant of N Devon and mid-Wales. NIR (NCR 6). R. altiarcuatus Barton & Riddelsd. Scarce in Co Cavan; still locally frequent on Achill Island, as

noted by Praeger (R. LI. 1934. The botanist in Ireland. Hodges, Figgis & Co., Dublin), the furthest west bramble seen there, at Dooagh. (NCR 30). R. amplificatus Lees. The fourth commonest bramble seen. (NCR 3, 5, 6, 11, 26). R. boudiccae Bull & Edees. Apparently frequent in east Cavan. In addition to the sites recently

reported by Allen (D. E. 1993 Ir. Nat. J. 24:249-53), a luxuriant stretch of this fine plant was seen in a

hedge near Knocknaveagh X and a few bushes by L. Ramor.

R. cardiophyllus Lefev & P. J. Muell. Not seen in the S, but widespread and frequent in the N.

R. dumnoniensis Bab. Widespread and frequent in the S; occasional in West Mayo; rare in Cavan.

(NCR 3, 4, 27, 30). R. incurvatus Bab. Several flourishing colonies observed, but only in Cavan.

R. iricus Rogers. Occasional in westernmost localities, often on moorland banks in West Mayo. (NCR 3).

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370 Ir. Nat. J. VOL. 24 No. 9 1994

R. nemoralis P. J. Muell. Widespread and frequent throughout. (NCR 6, II). R. polyanthemus Lindeb. The third commonest bramble seen. (NCR 3, 5, 29).

R. prolongatus Boul. & Let. ex Corbiere. Scarce in the S and in West Mayo. (NCR H). R. rubritinctus W. C. R. Watson. Unexpectedly rare in the S (compared with SW Britain), one Cavan

site. (NCR 6). R. septentrionalis W. C. R. Watson. A few typical bushes of this widespread and frequent Scottish

species were found in two hedgerows N of Boyle. NIR. (NCR 25, 28). R. subinermoides Druce. Only seen on the fringe of its Wicklow stronghold with an outlier in West

Cork (NCR 3).

SERIES Sprengeliani Focke.

R. sprengelii Weihe. Very rare in Ireland, only found once, on a heathy bank in Co Cavan.

SERIES Discolores (P. J. Muell.) Focke.

R. armeniacus Focke. (*Himalayan Giant*). A few bushes on a bank S of Westport, doubtless

originally discarded from a garden but far from houses and well established: only seen once. (NCR

27). R. rossensis Newton. One large colony on the western edge of Wexford: a member ofthe 'Severn Bay

florula', now known from 15 English and Welsh vice-counties. NIR. (NCR 12). R. ulmifolius Schott. The commonest bramble in Ireland: noted in 45 10km. squares. R. winter! P. J. Muell. ex Focke. Two good colonies of this distinctive bramble were encountered.

The large digitate discolorous leaves and the late-flowering pink panicles could well be found elsewhere in SE Ireland. A very popular plant with butterflies in the English midlands. NIR. (NCR 6, 12).

SERIES Vestiti (Focke) Focke

R. adscitus Genev. One ofthe most frequent and handsome brambles of S and SW Ireland, reflecting its prevalence in W and SW France; generally to be found in wood borders, also with a few more

northerly sites, a tendency much less marked in Britain. (NCR 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, 27, 30). R. bartonii Newton. Already well-known in Sligo; one new locality in Cavan. (NCR 30). R. lamburnensis Rilstone. Widespread and frequent in the S but virtually absent from the N, apart from one site in Cavan. (NCR 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 30).

R. lanaticaulis Edees & Newton. Widespread and frequent in the W; seen once in Cavan. (NCR 6,

25). R. longus (Rogers & Ley) Newton. Only seen in its Wexford stronghold. R. vestitus Weihe. The red-flowered form much the commonest; widely scattered and plentiful where

it occurs, often the sole Rubus present. Could it have been planted as a hedge in some places? (NCR

28,30).

SERIES Mucronati (Focke) H. E. Weber

R. cinerosiformis Rilstone. Rare: found once nr the 1984 solitary sighting (see Newton, A. 1986 Ir.

Nat. J. 22: 62-7), and again in East Cork. (NCR 5).

SERIES Anisacanthi H. E. Weber

R. anisacanthos G. Braun. Several colonies found unexpectedly on the East Cork moorlands:

otherwise only in a limited area of Cavan. (NCR 5). R. dentatifalius (Briggs) W. C. R. Watson. A major westerly species known from SW France to NW

England: common and widespread in southern and western Ireland thinning out northwards: rare in

Mayo. (NCR 3, 4, 5, 14, 27). R. drejeri Jensen ex Lange. Frequent in hedges and banks in adjacent areas of Cavan and Monaghan. Good material of Rogers' gathering at Glynn, Antrim, has now been seen (dated 6.7.1901) and proves to be the true plant (I could not refind any at Glynn in 1985, but the area is now extensively quarried).

NIR. (NCR 30, 32, 39). R. lettii Rogers. A few plants on hedgebanks in Cavan, apparently at its SW limit. (NCR 30). R. ley anus Rogers. Occasional in southern wood borders: one site at Rossmore Forest Park, Co

Monaghan. A major regional species in Britain, commonest in the SW. NIR. (NCR 4, 5, 6, 32).

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lr. Nat. J. Vol. 24 No. 9 1994 371

SERIES Micantes Sudre ex Bouvet.

/?. aequalidens Newton. Three sightings in the S, one an outlier from its Wexford base. (NCR 6). R. griffithianus Rogers. Several colonies of this predominantly N Wales species were discovered S of

Westport. NIR. (NCR 27). R. hastiformis W. C. R. Watson. One clump of this distinctive bramble was found with other

associates of the Severn Bay florula. NIR. (NCR 6). /?. micans Godron. Occasional in southern wood borders. (NCR 3).

R. moylei Barton & Riddelsd. Apparently confined to a small area of Co Waterford, this bramble is

common in S Wales and the Welsh Borders. (NCR 6). R. raduloides (Rogers) Sudre. Widespread and frequent, generally on open banks and in hedges (NCR

4, 14, 27-30).

SERIES Radulae (Focke) Focke

R. adenanthoides Newton. A major constituent of the Irish bramble flora but absent, as in England from the S and SW: the second commonest species observed. (NCR 26, 27). /?. echinatoides (Rogers) Dallman. Frequent in Cavan but thinning out westwards. (NCR 30).

R. flexuosus P. J. Muell. & Lefev. Scarce, four sightings in valley woods. An indicator of ancient

forest in southern Britain. (NCR 12). R. fuscicaulis Edees. Seen twice: nr the Boyle site found in 1984, also in mid-Cork, suggesting

perhaps a wider range in southern Ireland. (NCR 4). R. largificus W. C. R. Watson. Two further areas in the S for this recently identified Irish bramble (see

Allen, D. E. 1993 op. cit.): well-established in some Waterford woods. (NCR 5, 6). /?. longithyrsiger Lees ex Focke. This

* Atlantic' species is frequent in the valley woods of the S

echoing its occurrence in Brittany and west Britain. (NCR 12). R. pallidus Weihe. Found once in a species-rich hedgerow nr Boyle. (NCR 25).

SERIES Hystrices Focke

/?. dasyphyllus (Rogers) Marshall. Widespread and frequent in the N, but not noticed in the S. (NCR 28).

R. milesii Newton. A thriving colony of this very distinctive prickly bramble with pruinose stems, white flowers and digitate leaves, was seen in one Waterford wood. (NCR 6). R. scabripes Genev. Apparently confined to Co Cork where it was seen twice. (NCR 5).

SERIES Glandulosi (Wimmer & Grab.) Focke

R. scaber Weihe. Abundant in one part of West Mayo but not seen elsewhere.

SECTION Corylifolii Lindley.

/?. hebridensis Edees. Frequent in Cavan, its shiny maroon stems and glossy dark green foliage are

most distinctive.

R. nemorosus Hayne & Willd. Frequent in Cavan. fading westwards: seen once in East Cork. (NCR

5).

R. pruinosus Arrh. Occasional in hedgerows in the N; usually on low ground and not avoiding the

coast. (NCR 26, 28, 30). R. tuberculatus Bab. Only seen once, quite close to a railway, the banks of which are often host to the

plant in Britain.

SECTION Caesii Lej. & Courtois

R. caesius L. Rare in the S, but sightings not localized.

Acknowledgement

Financial assistance in support of fieldwork, afforded by the Welch Bequest of the Botanical Society of the British Isles, is greatly appreciated.

10 The Fairways, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire CV32 6PR ALAN NEWTON

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372 Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 24 No. 9 1994

APPENDIX

Key to the Irish vice-counties referred to:

I South Kerry 6 Waterford 22 Meath 28 Sligo 3 West Cork 11 Kilkenny 25 Roscommon 29 Leitrim 4 Mid Cork 19 Wexford 26 East Mayo 30 Cavan 5 East Cork 14 Laois 27 West Mayo 32 Monaghan

Sites of Rubus observations vc. Grid Ref

1 Woodland and banks nr Pollmounty Bridge 12 S7435 2 Woodland by T90 nr Thomastown 11 S5940 3 Banks by minor rd 11 S5635 4 Banks by minor rd 11 S4832-33 5 Woodland border, Coolnamuck 6 S3621 6 Woodland banks 6 S2920 7 Woodland banks by stream 6 S2919 8 Russelstown wood 6 S1817-18 9 Curraheenavoher Hill 6 S1717 10 Banks nr Knockanacullin 6 S3105 II Woodland by minor rd 6 S3410 12 Banks by minor rd 6 S1005 13 Banks by minor rd 5. W9589 14 Banks by minor rd 5 W9084 15 Heathy banks by minor rd 5 W8989 16 Heathy banks by minor rd 5 W7983 17 Woodland border nr Coolea 3 W1776 18 Banks nr Ballyfinnane Bridge 3 W1374 19 Banks nr Sillahertane 1 W0973 20 Wood border, Boolymore 4 W3593 21 Bank by minor rd 4 W4381 22 By Carrigagulla Bridge 4 W3882 23 Bank by minor rd 3 W1855 24 Heathy bank nr Cullanagh Lake 3 WI553 25 Wooded bank by minor rd 3 W0948 26 Roadside bank 3 W0042 27 Tracksides, Killykeen Forest Park 30 H3506 28 Hedges and banks of minor rd 30 H4605 29 Hedges and banks of minor rd nr Cliffema 30 H5301 30 Hedges and banks of minor rd E of L. Roosky 30 H6404-6605 31 Hedges and banks of minor rd nr L. Bellatrain 30 H7310 32 Hedge and banks of minor rd 32 H7908 33 Hedges and banks of minor rd nr L. Accury 30 N5999 34 Hedges and banks of minor rd nr L. Ramor 30 N6282

35 Hedges and banks of minor rd nr Knockatemple 30 N5985 36 Hedges and banks of minor rd nr Slieve na Calliagh 22 N5777 37 Hedges and banks of minor rd 30 N5197 38 Side of N3 nr Butlers Bridge 30 H4011 39 Side of L50 W of Ballyconnell 30 H2618 40 Heathy banks SW of Swanlinbar 30 HI726 41 Side of L50 nr Dowra 29 G9926 42 Shore of L. Allen 29 G9819 43 Bank by L. Skean 28 G8513 44 Under Ben Bulben 28 G6846 45 Around Carrowmore 28 G6634 46 Nr Crocketts Town 26 G2520 47 Heathy ground by minor rd to Castlereagh 27 G1633 48 Side of L140 27 G1227 49 By L. Talt 28 G4015

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Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 24 No. 9 1994 373

50 Hedges and banks by minor rd 28 G6914 51 Hedges and banks by LI33 lf) 25 G7602 52 Bank by minor rd 26 G6005 53 Wood by Ave Maria shrine (L22) 27 G2404 54 Wood by L. Conn 27 G1904 55 Banks by Beltra L. 27 M0696 56 SideofL138 27 M0193 57 Banks by L141 nr Owenduff 27 F7901 58 Banks by minor rd Devreen 27 L7295 59 Banks by minor rd Dooega 27 L6798 60 Roadside W of Dooagh 27 F5804 61 Hedge and bank SW of Doogort 27 F6708 62 Hedge and bank E of Doogort 27 F6809 63 Banks by T71 and lane to W 27 L9881-9981 64 Wooded slopes by T71 27 L9677 65 Heathy bank by minor rd 27 L8170 66 Roadside nr Killeen 27 L7675 67 Banks by Killadoon 27 L7374 68 Trackside nr Clapper Bridge 27 L7475 69 Ditchside along track to shore 27 L7375 70 Moorland S of Timahoe 14 S5486

Numbers in the following list relate to the above site list; Additional 10km squares are given for other

observations made.

SECTION Rubus SUBSECTION Rubus R. briggsianus 47.

/?. nobilissimus 22-3.

/?. plicatus 23, 42, 53-5, 69.

R. scissus 24, 55.

SUBSECTION Hiemales SERIES Sylvatici

R. albionis 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 12, 24, 53-5, 57 also G31

/?. errabundus 31, 37, 41

/?. hesperius 43, 55-7

R. lindleianus 38-40

R. polyopias 65

R. plymensis 5, 6, 8, II

R. pyramidalis 22, 53, 55, 57, 64 R. robiae 13-5, 24, 40

SERIES Rhamnifolii R. acclivitatum 9-12

/?. altiarcuatus 38, 40, 60, 68, 69

R. amplificatus 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 23, 27-31, 34-6, 38-43, 50, 51, 53, 70 also S91, S93

/?. boudiccae 34-6

R. cardiophyltus 27, 34, 35, 45, 58, 62-4, 67, 68 /?. dumnoniensis 4, 12, 15, 16, 18-20, 24-6, 40, 57-9, 61, 62, 68

R. incurvatus 30, 33-5, 40

R. iricus 18, 19, 22, 24, 26, 55, 58, 61, 62, 64, 67, 68 R. nemoralis 3, 4, 8, 27-32, 34-8, 40, 41, 53-5, 57, 58, 64, 67, 68

R. polyanthemus 12, 13, 16, 18, 23, 27-30, 34-45, 47, 48, 51, 57-60, 62, 65-8

R. prolongatus 4, 9, 10, 12, 16, 55, 56, 58

/?. rubritinctus 6, 13, 20, 27

R. septentrionalis 50, 52

R. subinermoides 1, 24

SERIES Sprengeliani R. sprengelii 40

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374 Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 24 No. 9 1994

SERIES Discolores R. armeniacus 64

R. rossensis \

R. ulmifolius 3,5, 7, 9, 12, 27, 36, 38, 39,42, 43, 45-8, 50, 55, 56, 64, 66, 70; also S29, S91, S93,

X09, W18, W47, W87, Gil, G21, G23, G31, G33, G43, G51, G53, G62, N60, L88-9, L98, M08, M19, M29 R. winteri 1,11

SERIES Vestiti R. adscitus 1, 2, 4, 14, 16, 19, 21, 24, 30, 33, 55 also W14

R. bartonii 33, 44, 50 R. lamburnensis 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15-21, 23, 26, 40, 70

R. lanaticaulis 5-8, 11, 13, 14, 19, 26, 40, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 54-6, 65-9

R. longus S93 R. vestitus 3, 4, 20, 27, 29, 33, 38, 46, 49, 51, 54, 70 also M57, M67, S93

SERIES Mucronati R. cinerosiformis 12, 16

SERIES Anisacanthi R. anisacanthos 13, 15, 16, 28

R. dentatifolius 1-4, 7, 9-12, 15-7, 22, 23, 30, 63, 64, 70

R. drejeri 28-30, 33-6

R. lettii 30, 33 R. teyanus 7-9, 14, 20 also H63

SERIES Micantes R. aequalidens 1, 8 also S93

R. griffithianus 63, 64 also L96 R. hastiformis 9

R. micans 2, 19, 24, 25

R. moy lei 5, 11

R. raduloides 3, 4, 21, 22, 27-30, 33, 34, 38, 40-3, 48, 53, 70

SERIES Radulae R. adenanthoides 27-44, 47-53, 55, 57-9, 61-5, 67, 68, 70 also S93

R. echinatoides 27, 29, 32-5, 40

R. flexuosus 1,5, 13 also W99

R. fuscicaulis 22, 51

R. largificus 6,7,9, 11, 24

R. longithyrsiger 1, 6-8, 16, 17, 23, 25

R. pallidus 51

SERIES Hystrices R. dasyphyllus 28-36, 41, 50, 51 R. milesii 5

R. scabripes 16, 17

SERIES Glandulosi R. scaber 53, 54

SECTION Corylifolii R. hebridensis 28, 30, 38-40

R. nemorosus 27, 34, 38, 40, 42

R. pruinosus 32, 40, 46, 50 also G39

R. tuberculatus 20

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