Date post: | 31-Oct-2014 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | sarah-bayaban |
View: | 60 times |
Download: | 5 times |
• Typists and Cashiers are everywhere, in malls, schools, and offices. These are the most common jobs that people work favor because there appears to be no risk involved. However, people did not know that repetitive motions that Typists and Cashiers perform can cause several disorder. Poor workplaces, bad postures and uncomfortable positions may cause these injuries.
2 26
3 26
What are the factors, movements
and postures that are done in this job?
How these contribute to having
injuries or preventing them in
the workplace?
• Recommendations will only be based on group’s data• 3m distance • Medical history of employees
4 26
• Documentations done individually• Human error• Position and angle of workstation• Subjects uncomfortable with picture taking
5 26
6 26
To determine the disorders experienced by the 10 subjects ( 5 cashiers and 5 typists)
To document the body movements and illustrate posture assumed by the cashiers and typists
To determine possible causes of disorders and discomfort experienced by the subjects
267
• Gathering and documenting the subjects- 10 subjects ( 5 cashiers and 5 typists)- Picture doing their tasks
• Measurement of the workers- Angles for lower arm, upper arm, neck, and trunk- Materials/Equipment: Goniometer and Protractor- RULA software (ErgoIntelligence UEA)
• Administration of questionnaire- Nordic questionnaire
8 26
• ErgoIntelligence UEA used for finding results• RULA Grand Score interpretation based on the Action Levels:
Action Level Score Remarks
Level 1 1-2 Acceptable if not maintained or repeated for
long period of time
Level 2 3-4 Further investigation is needed and change may
be required
Level 3 5-6 Investigation and changes are required soon
Level 4 7+ Investigation and changes are required immediately
• Cashier
LEFT
RIGHT
9 26
• Cashier
LEFT
RIGHT
10 26
• Cashier
LEFT
RIGHT
11 26
• Cashier
LEFT
RIGHT
12 26
• Cashier
LEFT
RIGHT
13 26
• Typist
LEFT
RIGHT
14 26
• Typist
LEFT
RIGHT
15 26
• Typist
LEFT
RIGHT
16 26
• Typist
LEFT
RIGHT
17 26
• Typist
LEFT
RIGHT
18 26
19 26
20 26
• Cashiers (w/ pain)• Neck = 80%• Shoulders = 80%• Elbows = 60% • Wrists/Hands = 80%• Upper back = 60%• Low back = 20%• Hips = 60%• Knees = 20%• Ankles = 60%
• Typists (w/ pain)• Neck = 80%• Shoulders = 100%• Elbows = 60% • Wrists/Hands = 100%• Upper back = 60%• Low back = 20%• Hips = 80%• Knees = 0%• Ankles = 40%
21 26
22 26
• Dockrell et al. (2012)- RULA is a fast observation method of posture analysis.
• McAtamney and Corlett (1993)- There’s no need for special equipment in RULA in presenting a quick assessment of postures.
• Tayyari and Smith (1997)- Most work problems are caused by awkward posture.
• Bridger (1995)- Activities involving repetitive movements could be associated with discomfort.
• Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety (n.d.)- Posture could contribute to injuries especially in repetitive tasks that involve using the wrist, palm, and elbow.
23 26
• RULA scores 3-4• Nordic Questionnaire indicate some pain• Further Investigation or changes
• Stretching• Rubber Mat• Proper Posture• Proper Training• Scheduled Breaks• Means to reach the check stand
24 26
Bridger, R.S. (1995). Introduction to Ergonomics. (pp. 127-157). USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc.Dockrell, S., O’Grady, E., Bennett, K., Mullarkey, C., Mc Connell, R., Ruddy, R., Twomey, S., & Flannery, C. (2012). An
investigation of the reliability of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) as a method of assessment of children’s computing posture. Applied Ergonomics, 43 (3), 632-636.
Grocery cashiers. (n.d.). Retrieved on July 22, 2012, from http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/hesis/documents/cashiers.pdf
How to maintain good posture in the upper body. (2010). Retrieved July 22, 2012, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/341201-how-to-maintain-good-posture-in-the-upper-body/.html
McAtamney, L., & Corlett E. (1993). RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 24 (2), 91-99.
Metodo RULA - Rapid Upper Limb Assessment - Ergonomics and Occupational Health. (n.d.). Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.ergonautas.upv.es/en/metodos/rula/rula-ayuda.php
Office ergonomics - common office injuries. (n.d.). Retrieved on July 22, 2012, from http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/tc/office-ergonomics-common-office-injuries
Simple, effective strengthening and stretching exercises for the workplace. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2012, from http://www.chinese-holistic-health-exercises.com/stretching-exercises-for-the-workplace.html
Tayyari, F., Smith, J. (1997). Occupational ergonomics. (pp. 369-387). UK: Chapman & Hall.Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) : OSH Answers. (n.d.). CCOHS: Canada's National Centre for
Occupational Health and Safety information. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/rmirsi.html
25 26