• Typists and Cashiers are everywhere, in malls, schools, and offices. These are the most common jobs that people work favor because there appears to be no risk involved. However, people did not know that repetitive motions that Typists and Cashiers perform can cause several disorder. Poor workplaces, bad postures and uncomfortable positions may cause these injuries.

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What are the factors, movements

and postures that are done in this job?

How these contribute to having

injuries or preventing them in

the workplace?

• Recommendations will only be based on group’s data• 3m distance • Medical history of employees

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• Documentations done individually• Human error• Position and angle of workstation• Subjects uncomfortable with picture taking

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To determine the disorders experienced by the 10 subjects ( 5 cashiers and 5 typists)

To document the body movements and illustrate posture assumed by the cashiers and typists

To determine possible causes of disorders and discomfort experienced by the subjects

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• Gathering and documenting the subjects- 10 subjects ( 5 cashiers and 5 typists)- Picture doing their tasks

• Measurement of the workers- Angles for lower arm, upper arm, neck, and trunk- Materials/Equipment: Goniometer and Protractor- RULA software (ErgoIntelligence UEA)

• Administration of questionnaire- Nordic questionnaire

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• ErgoIntelligence UEA used for finding results• RULA Grand Score interpretation based on the Action Levels:

Action Level Score Remarks

Level 1 1-2 Acceptable if not maintained or repeated for

long period of time

Level 2 3-4 Further investigation is needed and change may

be required

Level 3 5-6 Investigation and changes are required soon

Level 4 7+ Investigation and changes are required immediately

• Cashier

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Cashier

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Cashier

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Cashier

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Cashier

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Typist

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Typist

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Typist

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Typist

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Typist

LEFT

RIGHT

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• Cashiers (w/ pain)• Neck = 80%• Shoulders = 80%• Elbows = 60% • Wrists/Hands = 80%• Upper back = 60%• Low back = 20%• Hips = 60%• Knees = 20%• Ankles = 60%

• Typists (w/ pain)• Neck = 80%• Shoulders = 100%• Elbows = 60% • Wrists/Hands = 100%• Upper back = 60%• Low back = 20%• Hips = 80%• Knees = 0%• Ankles = 40%

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• Dockrell et al. (2012)- RULA is a fast observation method of posture analysis.

• McAtamney and Corlett (1993)- There’s no need for special equipment in RULA in presenting a quick assessment of postures.

• Tayyari and Smith (1997)- Most work problems are caused by awkward posture.

• Bridger (1995)- Activities involving repetitive movements could be associated with discomfort.

• Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety (n.d.)- Posture could contribute to injuries especially in repetitive tasks that involve using the wrist, palm, and elbow.

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• RULA scores 3-4• Nordic Questionnaire indicate some pain• Further Investigation or changes

• Stretching• Rubber Mat• Proper Posture• Proper Training• Scheduled Breaks• Means to reach the check stand

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Bridger, R.S. (1995). Introduction to Ergonomics. (pp. 127-157). USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc.Dockrell, S., O’Grady, E., Bennett, K., Mullarkey, C., Mc Connell, R., Ruddy, R., Twomey, S., & Flannery, C. (2012). An

investigation of the reliability of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) as a method of assessment of children’s computing posture. Applied Ergonomics, 43 (3), 632-636.

Grocery cashiers. (n.d.). Retrieved on July 22, 2012, from http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/hesis/documents/cashiers.pdf

How to maintain good posture in the upper body. (2010). Retrieved July 22, 2012, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/341201-how-to-maintain-good-posture-in-the-upper-body/.html

McAtamney, L., & Corlett E. (1993). RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 24 (2), 91-99.

Metodo RULA - Rapid Upper Limb Assessment - Ergonomics and Occupational Health. (n.d.). Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.ergonautas.upv.es/en/metodos/rula/rula-ayuda.php

Office ergonomics - common office injuries. (n.d.). Retrieved on July 22, 2012, from http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/tc/office-ergonomics-common-office-injuries

Simple, effective strengthening and stretching exercises for the workplace. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2012, from http://www.chinese-holistic-health-exercises.com/stretching-exercises-for-the-workplace.html

Tayyari, F., Smith, J. (1997). Occupational ergonomics. (pp. 369-387). UK: Chapman & Hall.Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) : OSH Answers. (n.d.). CCOHS: Canada's National Centre for

Occupational Health and Safety information. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/rmirsi.html

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