Rules of Civil Procedure as Amended

8/13/2019 Rules of Civil Procedure as Amended

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Se%!n 'Constru&tion2 3 These Rules shall e lierall. construed in order to pro,ote their ojecti'e o( securin/ ajust$ speed. and ine5pensi'e disposition o( e'er. action and proceedin/2 *6a+

C#"# A%!n$

Or#nar. C#"# A%!n$

RULE

Ca/$e !0 A%!n

Se%!n 1')rdinary &i(il a&tions$'asis of.3 E'er. ordinar. ci'il action ,ust e ased on a cause o( action2 *n+

Se%!n 'Cause of a&tion$defined2 3 A cause o( action is the act or o,ission . which a part. 'iolates a ri/ht o(another2 *n+

Se%!n ')ne suit for a single &ause of a&tion2 3 A part. ,a. not institute ,ore than one suit (or a sin/le cause o(action2 *a+

Se%!n *'Splitting a single &ause of a&tion;effe&t of. 3 !( two or ,ore suits are instituted on the asis o( the sa,ecause o( action$ the (ilin/ o( one or a jud/,ent upon the ,erits in an. one is a'ailale as a /round (or the dis,issal o(

the others2 *8a+

Se%!n +'*oinder of &auses of a&tion2 3 A part. ,a. in one pleadin/ assert$ in the alternati'e or otherwise$ as,an. causes o( action as he ,a. ha'e a/ainst an opposin/ part.$ suject to the (ollowin/ conditions

*a+ The part. joinin/ the causes o( action shall co,pl. with the rules on joinder o( parties;

*+ The joinder shall not include special ci'il actions or actions /o'erned . special rules;

*c+


3/91

cross-clai,ant$ or the third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. plainti((2 The ter, =de(endant= ,a. re(er to the ori/inal de(endin/part.$ the de(endant in a counter-clai,$ the cross-de(endant$ or the third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. de(endant2 *1a+

Se%!n 'Parties in interest2 3 A real part. in interest is the part. who stands to e ene(ited or injured . thejud/,ent in the suit$ or the part. entitled to the a'ails o( the suit2 Unless otherwise authoried . law or these Rules$

e'er. action ,ust e prosecuted or de(ended in the na,e o( the real part. in interest2 *6a+

Se%!n 'Representati(es as parties2 3


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Se%!n 1'Alternati(e defendants2 3


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Such authorit. shall include an e5e,ption (ro, pa.,ent o( doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ and o( transcripts o(steno/raphic notes which the court ,a. order to e (urnished hi,2 The a,ount o( the doc4et and other law(ul (eeswhich the indi/ent was e5e,pted (ro, pa.in/ shall e a lien on an. jud/,ent rendered in the case (a'orale to the

indi/ent$ unless the court otherwise pro'ides2

An. ad'erse part. ,a. contest the /rant o( such authorit. at an. ti,e e(ore jud/,ent is rendered . the trial court2!( the court should deter,ine a(ter hearin/ that the part. declared as an indi/ent is in (act a person with su((icient

inco,e or propert.$ the proper doc4et and other law(ul (ees shall e assessed and collected . the cler4 o( court2 !(pa.,ent is not ,ade within the ti,e (i5ed . the court$ e5ecution shall issue or the pa.,ent thereo($ without

prejudice to such other sanctions as the court ,a. i,pose2 *66a+

Se%!n 'Noti&e to the Soli&itor eneral2 3 !n an. action in'ol'in/ the 'alidit. o( an. treat.$ law$ ordinance$e5ecuti'e order$ presidential decree$ rules or re/ulations$ the court$ in its discretion$ ,a. re?uire the appearance o(

the Solicitor Beneral who ,a. e heard in person or a representati'e dul. desi/nated . hi,2 *6a+

RULE *

Ven/e !0 A%!n$

Se%!n 1'4enue of real a&tions2 3 Actions a((ectin/ title to or possession o( real propert.$ or interest therein$ shalle co,,enced and tried in the proper court which has jurisdiction o'er the area wherein the real propert. in'ol'ed$

or a portion thereo($ is situated2

Forcile entr. and detainer actions shall e co,,enced and tried in the ,unicipal trial court o( the ,unicipalit. or cit.wherein the real propert. in'ol'ed$ or a portion thereo($ is situated2 *1CaD$ 6CaDa+

Se%!n '4enue of personal a&tions2 3 All other actions ,a. e co,,enced and tried where the plainti(( or an. o(the principal plainti((s resides$ or where the de(endant or an. o( the principal de(endants resides$ or in the case o( a

non-resident de(endant where he ,a. e (ound$ at the election o( the plainti((2 *6CDa+

Se%!n '4enue of a&tions against nonresidents2 3 !( an. o( the de(endants does not reside and is not (ound in thePhilippines$ and the action a((ects the personal status o( the plainti(($ or an. propert. o( said de(endant located in thePhilippines$ the action ,a. e co,,enced and tried in the court o( the place where the plainti(( resides$ or where the

propert. or an. portion thereo( is situated or (ound2 *6CcDa+

Se%!n *'hen Rule not appli&a'le2 3 This Rule shall not appl.2

*a+ !n those cases where a speci(ic rule or law pro'ides otherwise; or

*+


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Se%!n 'Meaning of terms2 3 The ter, =%unicipal Trial ourts= as used in these Rules shall include %etropolitanTrial ourts$ %unicipal Trial ourts in ities$ %unicipal Trial ourts$ and %unicipal ircuit Trial ourts2 *1a+

Pr!%e/re In Re4#!na Tr#a C!/r&$

RULE

5#n$ O0 Pea#n4$

Se%!n 1'Pleadings defined2 3 Pleadin/s are the written state,ents o( the respecti'e clai,s and de(enses o( theparties su,itted to the court (or appropriate jud/,ent2 *1a+

Se%!n 'Pleadings allo%ed2 3 The clai,s o( a part. are asserted in a co,plaint$ counterclai,$ cross-clai,$ third*(ourth$ etc2+-part. co,plaint$ or co,plaint-in-inter'ention2

The de(enses o( a part. are alle/ed in the answer to the pleadin/ assertin/ a clai, a/ainst hi,2

An answer ,a. e responded to . a repl.2 *n+

Se%!n 'Complaint2 3 The co,plaint is the pleadin/ alle/in/ the plainti((s cause or causes o( action2 The na,esand residences o( the plainti(( and de(endant ,ust e stated in the co,plaint2 *a+

Se%!n *'Ans%er2 3 An answer is a pleadin/ in which a de(endin/ part. sets (orth his de(enses2 *8a+

Se%!n +'1efenses2 3 #e(enses ,a. either e ne/ati'e or a((ir,ati'e2

*a+ A ne/ati'e de(ense is the speci(ic denial o( the ,aterial (act or (acts alle/ed in the pleadin/ o( theclai,ant essential to his cause or causes o( action2

*+ An a((ir,ati'e de(ense is an alle/ation o( a new ,atter which$ while h.potheticall. ad,ittin/ the ,aterialalle/ations in the pleadin/ o( the clai,ant$ would ne'ertheless pre'ent or ar reco'er. . hi,2 The

a((ir,ati'e de(enses include (raud$ statute o( li,itations$ release$ pa.,ent$ ille/alit.$ statute o( (rauds$estoppel$ (or,er reco'er.$ dischar/e in an4ruptc.$ and an. other ,atter . wa. o( con(ession and

a'oidance2 *)a+

Se%!n 'Counter&laim2 3 A counterclai, is an. clai, which a de(endin/ part. ,a. ha'e a/ainst an opposin/part.2 *:a+

Se%!n 7'Compulsory &ounter&laim2 3 A co,pulsor. counterclai, is one which$ ein/ co/niale . the re/ularcourts o( justice$ arises out o( or is connected with the transaction or occurrence constitutin/ the suject ,atter o( theopposin/ part.s clai, and does not re?uire (or its adjudication the presence o( third parties o( who, the court cannot

ac?uire jurisdiction2 Such a counterclai, ,ust e within the jurisdiction o( the court oth as to the a,ount and thenature thereo($ e5cept that in an ori/inal action e(ore the Re/ional Trial ourt$ the counter-clai, ,a. e consideredco,pulsor. re/ardless o( the a,ount2 *n+

Se%!n 'Cross-&laim2 3 A cross-clai, is an. clai, . one part. a/ainst a co-part. arisin/ out o( the transaction oroccurrence that is the suject ,atter either o( the ori/inal action or o( a counterclai, therein2 Such cross-clai, ,a.include a clai, that the part. a/ainst who, it is asserted is or ,a. e liale to the cross-clai,ant (or all or part o( a

clai, asserted in the action a/ainst the cross-clai,ant2 *7+


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Se%!n 9'Counter-&ounter&laims and &ounter-&ross&laims2 3 A counter-clai, ,a. e asserted a/ainst an ori/inalcounter-clai,ant2

A cross-clai, ,a. also e (iled a/ainst an ori/inal cross-clai,ant2 *n+

Se%!n 12'Reply2 3 A repl. is a pleadin/$ the o((ice or (unction o( which is to den.$ or alle/e (acts in denial ora'oidance o( new ,atters alle/ed . wa. o( de(ense in the answer and there. join or ,a4e issue as to such new

,atters2 !( a part. does not (ile such repl.$ all the new ,atters alle/ed in the answer are dee,ed contro'erted2

!( the plainti(( wishes to interpose an. clai,s arisin/ out o( the new ,atters so alle/ed$ such clai,s shall e set (orthin an a,ended or supple,ental co,plaint2 *11+

Se%!n 11'#hird, 5fourth, et&.67party &omplaint2 3 A third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. co,plaint is a clai, that ade(endin/ part. ,a.$ with lea'e o( court$ (ile a/ainst a person not a part. to the action$ called the third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3

part. de(endant (or contriution$ inde,nit.$ suro/ation or an. other relie($ in respect o( his opponents clai,2 *16a+

Se%!n 1'Bringing ne% parties2 3


8/91

*c+ Relief.3 The pleadin/ shall speci(. the relie( sou/ht$ ut it ,a. add a /eneral pra.er (or such (urther orother relie( as ,a. e dee,ed just or e?uitale2 *a$ R:+

*d+ 1ate2 3 E'er. pleadin/ shall e dated2 *n+

Se%!n 'Signature and address2 3 E'er. pleadin/ ,ust e si/ned . the part. or counsel representin/ hi,$statin/ in either case his address which should not e a post o((ice o52

The si/nature o( counsel constitutes a certi(icate . hi, that he has read the pleadin/; that to the est o( his4nowled/e$ in(or,ation$ and elie( there is /ood /round to support it; and that it is not interposed (or dela.2

An unsi/ned pleadin/ produces no le/al e((ect2 >owe'er$ the court ,a.$ in its discretion$ allow such de(icienc. to ere,edied i( it shall appear that the sa,e was due to ,ere inad'ertence and not intended (or dela.2 ounsel who

delieratel. (iles an unsi/ned pleadin/$ or si/ns a pleadin/ in 'iolation o( this Rule$ or alle/es scandalous or indecent,atter therein$ or (ails pro,ptl. report to the court a chan/e o( his address$ shall e suject to appropriate disciplinar.

action2 *)a+

Se%!n *'4erifi&ation2 3 E5cept when otherwise speci(icall. re?uired . law or rule$ pleadin/s need not e underoath$ 'eri(ied or acco,panied . a((ida'it 2*)a+

A pleadin/ is 'eri(ied . an a((ida'it that the a((iant has read the pleadin/ and that the alle/ations therein are true andcorrect o( his 4nowled/e and elie(2

A pleadin/ re?uired to e 'eri(ied which contains a 'eri(ication ased on =in(or,ation and elie(=$ or upon=4nowled/e$ in(or,ation and elie(=$ or lac4s a proper 'eri(ication$ shall e treated as an unsi/ned pleadin/2 *:a+

Se%!n +'Certifi&ation against forum shopping2 3 The plainti(( or principal part. shall certi(. under oath in theco,plaint or other initiator. pleadin/ assertin/ a clai, (or relie($ or in a sworn certi(ication anne5ed thereto and

si,ultaneousl. (iled therewith *a+ that he has not thereto(ore co,,enced an. action or (iled an. clai, in'ol'in/ thesa,e issues in an. court$ triunal or ?uasi-judicial a/enc. and$ to the est o( his 4nowled/e$ no such other action orclai, is pendin/ therein; *+ i( there is such other pendin/ action or clai,$ a co,plete state,ent o( the present statusthereo(; and *c+ i( he should therea(ter learn that the sa,e or si,ilar action or clai, has een (iled or is pendin/$ heshall report that (act within (i'e *)+ da.s there(ro, to the court wherein his a(oresaid co,plaint or initiator. pleadin/

has een (iled2

Failure to co,pl. with the (ore/oin/ re?uire,ents shall not e curale . ,ere a,end,ent o( the co,plaint or otherinitiator. pleadin/ ut shall e cause (or the dis,issal o( the case without prejudice$ unless otherwise pro'ided$ upon

,otion and a(ter hearin/2 The su,ission o( a (alse certi(ication or non-co,pliance with an. o( the underta4in/stherein shall constitute indirect conte,pt o( court$ without prejudice to the correspondin/ ad,inistrati'e and cri,inalactions2 !( the acts o( the part. or his counsel clearl. constitute will(ul and delierate (oru, shoppin/$ the sa,e shall

e /round (or su,,ar. dis,issal with prejudice and shall constitute direct conte,pt$ as well as a cause (orad,inistrati'e sanctions2 *n+

RULE

Manner !0 Ma6#n4 Ae4a!n$ #n Pea#n4$

Se%!n 1'$n general2 3 E'er. pleadin/ shall contain in a ,ethodical and lo/ical (or,$ a plain$ concise and directstate,ent o( the ulti,ate (acts on which the part. pleadin/ relies (or his clai, or de(ense$ as the case ,a. e$

o,ittin/ the state,ent o( ,ere e'identiar. (acts2 *1+

!( a de(ense relied on is ased on law$ the pertinent pro'isions thereo( and their applicailit. to hi, shall e clearl.and concisel. stated2 *n+


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Se%!n 'Alternati(e &auses of a&tion or defenses2 3 A part. ,a. set (orth two or ,ore state,ents o( a clai, orde(ense alternati'el. or h.potheticall.$ either in one cause o( action or de(ense or in separate causes o( action or

de(enses2


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E00e%& !0 Fa#/re &! Pea

Se%!n 1'1efenses and o'+e&tions not pleaded2 3 #e(enses and ojections not pleaded either in a ,otion todis,iss or in the answer are dee,ed wai'ed2 >owe'er$ when it appears (ro, the pleadin/s or the e'idence on record

that the court has no jurisdiction o'er the suject ,atter$ that there is another action pendin/ etween the sa,eparties (or the sa,e cause$ or that the action is arred . a prior jud/,ent or . statute o( li,itations$ the court shall

dis,iss the clai,2 *6a+

Se%!n 'Compulsory &ounter&laim$or &ross-&laim$not set up 'arred2 3 A co,pulsor. counterclai,$ or a cross-clai,$ not set up shall e arred2 *8a+

Se%!n '1efault;de&laration of.3 !( the de(endin/ part. (ails to answer within the ti,e allowed there(or$ the courtshall$ upon ,otion o( the clai,in/ part. with notice to the de(endin/ part.$ and proo( o( such (ailure$ declare the

de(endin/ part. in de(ault2 Thereupon$ the court shall proceed to render jud/,ent /rantin/ the clai,ant such relie( ashis pleadin/ ,a. warrant$ unless the court in its discretion re?uires the clai,ant to su,it e'idence2 Such reception

o( e'idence ,a. e dele/ated to the cler4 o( court2 *1a$ R1@+

*a+ ffe&t of order of default2 3 A part. in de(ault shall e entitled to notice o( suse?uent proceedin/s utnot to ta4e part in the trial2 *6a$ R1@+

*+ Relief from order of default2 3 A part. declared in de(ault ,a. at an. ti,e a(ter notice thereo( and e(orejud/,ent (ile a ,otion under oath to set aside the order o( de(ault upon proper showin/ that his (ailure toanswer was due to (raud$ accident$ ,ista4e or e5cusale ne/li/ence and that he has a ,eritorious de(ense2!n such case$ the order o( de(ault ,a. e set aside on such ter,s and conditions as the jud/e ,a. i,pose

in the interest o( justice2 *a$ R1@+

*c+ ffe&t of partial default2 3


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Se%!n *'9ormal amendments2 3 A de(ect in the desi/nation o( the parties and other clearl. clerical ort.po/raphical errors ,a. e su,,aril. corrected . the court at an. sta/e o( the action$ at its initiati'e or on ,otion$

pro'ided no prejudice is caused there. to the ad'erse part.2 *8a+

Se%!n +'Amendment to &onform to or authori:e presentation of e(iden&e2 3


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Se%!n 7'Ans%er to supplemental &omplain2 3 A supple,ental co,plaint ,a. e answered within ten *1+ da.s(ro, notice o( the order ad,ittin/ the sa,e$ unless a di((erent period is (i5ed . the court2 The answer to the

co,plaint shall ser'e as the answer to the supple,ental co,plaint i( no new or supple,ental answer is (iled2 *n+

Se%!n '2isting &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim2 3 A co,pulsor. counterclai, or a cross-clai, that a de(endin/part. has at the ti,e he (iles his answer shall e contained therein2 *@a$ R:+

Se%!n 9'Counter&laim or &ross-&laim arising after ans%er2 3 A counterclai, or a cross-clai, which either ,aturedor was ac?uired . a part. a(ter ser'in/ his pleadin/ ,a.$ with the per,ission o( the court$ e presented as a

counterclai, or a cross-clai, . supple,ental pleadin/ e(ore jud/,ent2 *9$ R:+

Se%!n 12')mitted &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim2 3


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F##n4 an Ser"#%e !0 Pea#n4$, J/43en&$ an O&er Paer$

Se%!n 1'Co(erage2 3 This Rule shall /o'ern the (ilin/ o( all pleadin/s and other papers$ as well as the ser'icethereo($ e5cept those (or which a di((erent ,ode o( ser'ice is prescried2 *n+

Se%!n '9iling and ser(i&e$defined2 3 Filin/ is the act o( presentin/ the pleadin/ or other paper to the cler4 o(court2

Ser'ice is the act o( pro'idin/ a part. with a cop. o( the pleadin/ or paper concerned2 !( an. part. has appeared .counsel$ ser'ice upon hi, shall e ,ade upon his counsel or one o( the,$ unless ser'ice upon the part. hi,sel( isordered . the court2


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Se%!n 1'Proof of filing2 3 The (ilin/ o( a pleadin/ or paper shall e pro'ed . its e5istence in the record o( thecase2 !( it is not in the record$ ut is clai,ed to ha'e een (iled personall.$ the (ilin/ shall e pro'ed . the written orsta,ped ac4nowled/,ent o( its (ilin/ . the cler4 o( court on a cop. o( the sa,e; i( (iled . re/istered ,ail$ . the

re/istr. receipt and . the a((ida'it o( the person who did the ,ailin/$ containin/ a (ull state,ent o( the date and placeo( depositin/ the ,ail in the post o((ice in a sealed en'elope addressed to the court$ with posta/e (ull. prepaid$ and

with instructions to the post,aster to return the ,ail to the sender a(ter ten *1+ da.s i( not deli'ered2 *n+

Se%!n 1'Proof of Ser(i&e2 3 Proo( o( personal ser'ice shall consist o( a written ad,ission o( the part. ser'ed$ orthe o((icial return o( the ser'er$ or the a((ida'it o( the part. ser'in/$ containin/ a (ull state,ent o( the date$ place and,anner o( ser'ice2 !( the ser'ice is . ordinar. ,ail$ proo( thereo( shall consist o( an a((ida'it o( the person ,ailin/ o(

(acts showin/ co,pliance with section 7 o( this Rule2 !( ser'ice is ,ade . re/istered ,ail$ proo( shall e ,ade .such a((ida'it and the re/istr. receipt issued . the ,ailin/ o((ice2 The re/istr. return card shall e (iled i,,ediatel.upon its receipt . the sender$ or in lieu thereo( the unclai,ed letter to/ether with the certi(ied or sworn cop. o( the

notice /i'en . the post,aster to the addressee2 *1a+

Se%!n 1*'Noti&e of lis pendens2 3 !n an action a((ectin/ the title or the ri/ht o( possession o( real propert.$ theplainti(( and the de(endant$ when a((ir,ati'e relie( is clai,ed in his answer$ ,a. record in the o((ice o( the re/istr. o(deeds o( the pro'ince in which the propert. is situated notice o( the pendenc. o( the action2 Said notice shall contain

the na,es o( the parties and the oject o( the action or de(ense$ and a description o( the propert. in that pro'incea((ected there.2 Onl. (ro, the ti,e o( (ilin/ such notice (or record shall a purchaser$ or encu,rancer o( the propert.

a((ected there.$ e dee,ed to ha'e constructi'e notice o( the pendenc. o( the action$ and onl. o( its pendenc.

a/ainst the parties desi/nated . their real na,es2

The notice o( lis pendenshereinao'e ,entioned ,a. e cancelled onl. upon order o( the court$ a(ter propershowin/ that the notice is (or the purpose o( ,olestin/ the ad'erse part.$ or that it is not necessar. to protect the

ri/hts o( the ri/hts o( the part. who caused it to e recorded2 *68a$ R-18+

RULE 1*

S/33!n$

Se%!n 1'Cler/ to issue summons2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the co,plaint and the pa.,ent o( the re?uisite le/al (ees$

the cler4 o( court shall (orthwith issue the correspondin/ su,,ons to the de(endants2 *1a+

Se%!n 'Contents2 3 The su,,ons shall e directed to the de(endant$ si/ned . the cler4 o( court under seal andcontain *a+ the na,e o( the court and the na,es o( the parties to the action; *+ a direction that the de(endant answerwithin the ti,e (i5ed . these Rules; *c+ a notice that unless the de(endant so answers plainti(( will ta4e jud/,ent .

de(ault and ,a. e /ranted the relie( applied (or2

A cop. o( the co,plaint and order (or appoint,ent o( /uardian ad litemi( an.$ shall e attached to the ori/inal andeach cop. o( the su,,ons2 *a+

Se%!n 'By %hom ser(ed2 3 The su,,ons ,a. e ser'ed . the sheri(($ his deput.$ or other proper court o((icer$or (or justi(iale reasons . an. suitale person authoried . the court issuin/ the su,,ons2 *)a+

Se%!n *'Return2 3


15/91

Se%!n 'Ser(i&e in person on defendant2 3


16/91

Se%!n 17'


17/91

Se%!n 12'9orm2 3 The Rules applicale to pleadin/s shall appl. to written ,otions so (ar as concerns caption$desi/nation$ si/nature$ and other ,atters o( (or,2 *9a+

RULE 1

M!!n &! D#$3#$$

Se%!n 1'rounds2 3


18/91

Se%!n 'Pleading grounds as affirmati(e defenses2 3 !( no ,otion to dis,iss has een (iled$ an. o( the /rounds (ordis,issal pro'ided (or in this Rule ,a. e pleaded as an a((ir,ati'e de(ense in the answer and$ in the discretion o(

the court$ a preli,inar. hearin/ ,a. e had thereon as i( a ,otion to dis,iss had een (iled2 *)a+

The dis,issal o( the co,plaint under this section shall e without prejudice to the prosecution in the sa,e orseparate action o( a counterclai, pleaded in the answer2 *n+

RULE 17

D#$3#$$a !0 A%!n$

Se%!n 1'1ismissal upon noti&e 'y plaintiff.3 A co,plaint ,a. e dis,issed . the plainti(( . (ilin/ a notice o(dis,issal at an. ti,e e(ore ser'ice o( the answer or o( a ,otion (or su,,ar. jud/,ent2 Upon such notice ein/

(iled$ the court shall issue an order con(ir,in/ the dis,issal2 Unless otherwise stated in the notice$ the dis,issal iswithout prejudice$ e5cept that a notice operates as an adjudication upon the ,erits when (iled . a plainti(( who has

once dis,issed in a co,petent court an action ased on or includin/ the sa,e clai,2 *1a+

Se%!n '1ismissal upon motion of plaintiff.3 E5cept as pro'ided in the precedin/ section$ a co,plaint shall not edis,issed at the plainti((s instance sa'e upon appro'al o( the court and upon such ter,s and conditions as the court

dee,s proper2 !( a counterclai, has een pleaded . a de(endant prior to the ser'ice upon hi, o( the plainti((s,otion (or dis,issal$ the dis,issal shall e li,ited to the co,plaint2 The dis,issal shall e without prejudice to the

ri/ht o( the de(endant to prosecute his counterclai, in a separate action unless within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o(the ,otion he ,ani(ests his pre(erence to ha'e his counterclai, resol'ed in the sa,e action2 Unless otherwise

speci(ied in the order$ a dis,issal under this para/raph shall e without prejudice2 A class suit shall not e dis,issedor co,pro,ised without the appro'al o( the court2 *6a+

Se%!n '1ismissal due to fault of plaintiff.3 !($ (or no justi(iale cause$ the plainti(( (ails to appear on the date o( thepresentation o( his e'idence in chie( on the co,plaint$ or to prosecute his action (or an unreasonale len/th o( ti,e$

or to co,pl. with these Rules or an. order o( the court$ the co,plaint ,a. e dis,issed upon ,otion o( thede(endant or upon the courts own ,otion$ without prejudice to the ri/ht o( the de(endant to prosecute his

counterclai, in the sa,e or in a separate action2 This dis,issal shall ha'e the e((ect o( an adjudication upon the,erits$ unless otherwise declared . the court2 *a+

Se%!n *'1ismissal of &ounter&laim$&ross-&laim$or third-party &omplaint2 3 The pro'isions o( this Rule shall appl.to the dis,issal o( an. counterclai,$ cross-clai,$ or third-part. co,plaint2 A 'oluntar. dis,issal . the clai,ant .notice as in section 1 o( this Rule$ shall e ,ade e(ore a responsi'e pleadin/ or a ,otion (or su,,ar. jud/,ent is

ser'ed or$ i( there is none$ e(ore the introduction o( e'idence at the trial or hearin/2 *8a+

RULE 1

Pre-Tr#a

Se%!n 1'hen &ondu&ted2 3 A(ter the last pleadin/ has een ser'ed and (iled$ i( shall e the dut. o( the plainti(( topro,ptl. ,o'e e2 partethat the case e set (or pre-trial *)a$ R6+

Se%!n 'Nature and purpose2 3 The pre-trial is ,andator.2 The court shall consider

*a+ The possiilit. o( an a,icale settle,ent or o( a su,ission to alternati'e ,odes o( dispute resolution;

*+ The si,pli(ication o( the issues;

*c+ The necessit. or desirailit. o( a,end,ents to the pleadin/s;


19/91

*d+ The possiilit. o( otainin/ stipulations or ad,issions o( (acts and o( docu,ents to a'oid unnecessar.proo(;

*e+ The li,itation o( the nu,er o( witnesses;

*(+ The ad'isailit. o( a preli,inar. re(erence o( issues to a co,,issioner;

*/+ The propriet. o( renderin/ jud/,ent on the pleadin/s$ or su,,ar. jud/,ent$ or o( dis,issin/ the actionshould a 'alid /round there(or e (ound to e5ist;

*h+ The ad'isailit. or necessit. o( suspendin/ the proceedin/s; and

*i+ Such other ,atters as ,a. aid in the pro,pt disposition o( the action2 *1a$ R6+

Se%!n 'Noti&e of pre-trial2 3 The notice o( pre-trial shall e ser'ed on counsel$ or on the part. who has nocounsel2 The counsel ser'ed with such notice is char/ed with the dut. o( noti(.in/ the part. represented . hi,2 *n+

Se%!n *'Appearan&e of parties2 3 !t shall e the dut. o( the parties and their counsel to appear at the pre-trial2 Thenon-appearance o( a part. ,a. e e5cused onl. i( a 'alid cause is shown there(or or i( a representati'e shall appearin his ehal( (ull. authoried in writin/ to enter into an a,icale settle,ent$ to su,it to alternati'e ,odes o( dispute

resolution$ and to enter into stipulations or ad,issions o( (acts and o( docu,ents2 *n+

Se%!n +'ffe&t of failure to appear2 3 The (ailure o( the plainti(( to appear when so re?uired pursuant to the ne5tprecedin/ section shall e cause (or dis,issal o( the action2 The dis,issal shall e with prejudice$ unless other-wiseordered . the court2 A si,ilar (ailure on the part o( the de(endant shall e cause to allow the plainti(( to present his

e'idence e2 parteand the court to render jud/,ent on the asis thereo(2 *6a$ R6+

Se%!n 'Pre-trial 'rief.3 The parties shall (ile with the court and ser'e on the ad'erse part.$ in such ,anner asshall ensure their receipt thereo( at least three *+ da.s e(ore the date o( the pre-trial$ their respecti'e pre-trial rie(s

which shall contain$ a,on/ others

*a+ A state,ent o( their willin/ness to enter into a,icale settle,ent or alternati'e ,odes o( disputeresolution$ indicatin/ the desired ter,s thereo(;

*+ A su,,ar. o( ad,itted (acts and proposed stipulation o( (acts;

*c+ The issues to e tried or resol'ed;

*d+ The docu,ents or e5hiits to e presented statin/ the purpose thereo(;

*e+ A ,ani(estation o( their ha'in/ a'ailed or their intention to a'ail the,sel'es o( disco'er. procedures orre(erral to co,,issioners; and

*(+ The nu,er and na,es o( the witnesses$ and the sustance o( their respecti'e testi,onies2

Failure to (ile the pre-trial rie( shall ha'e the sa,e e((ect as (ailure to appear at the pre-trial2 *n+

Se%!n 7'Re&ord of pre-trial2 3 The proceedin/s in the pre-trial shall e recorded2 Upon the ter,ination thereo($ thecourt shall issue an order which shall recite in detail the ,atters ta4en up in the con(erence$ the action ta4en thereon$

the a,end,ents allowed to the pleadin/s$ and the a/ree,ents or ad,issions ,ade . the parties as to an. o( the,atters considered2 Should the action proceed to trial$ the order shall$ e5plicitl. de(ine and li,it the issues to e tried2

The contents o( the order shall control the suse?uent course o( the action$ unless ,odi(ied e(ore trial to pre'ent,ani(est injustice2 *)a$ R6+


20/91

RULE 19

In&er"en!n

Se%!n 1'ho may inter(ene2 3 A person who has a le/al interest in the ,atter in liti/ation$ or in the success o(either o( the parties$ or an interest a/ainst oth$ or is so situated as to e ad'ersel. a((ected . a distriution or other

disposition o( propert. in the custod. o( the court or o( an o((icer thereo( ,a.$ with lea'e o( court$ e allowed tointer'ene in the action2 The court shall consider whether or not the inter'ention will undul. dela. or prejudice the

adjudication o( the ri/hts o( the ori/inal parties$ and whether or not the inter'enors ri/hts ,a. e (ull. protected in aseparate proceedin/2 *6CaD$ CDa$ R16+

Se%!n '#ime to inter(ene2 3 The ,otion to inter'ene ,a. e (iled at an. ti,e e(ore rendition o( jud/,ent . thetrial court2 A cop. o( the pleadin/-in-inter'ention shall e attached to the ,otion and ser'ed on the ori/inal parties2 *n+

Se%!n 'Pleadings-in-inter(ention2 3 The inter'enor shall (ile a co,plaint-in-inter'ention i( he asserts a clai,a/ainst either or all o( the ori/inal parties$ or an answer-in-inter'ention i( he unites with the de(endin/ part. in

resistin/ a clai, a/ainst the latter2 *6CcDa$ R16+

Se%!n *'Ans%er to &omplaint-in-inter(ention2 3 The answer to the co,plaint-in-inter'ention shall e (iled within(i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the order ad,ittin/ the sa,e$ unless a di((erent period is (i5ed . the court2 *6CdDa$

R16+

RULE 2

Caenar !0 Ca$e$

Se%!n 1'Calendar of &ases2 3 The cler4 o( court$ under the direct super'ision o( the jud/e$ shall 4eep a calendaro( cases (or pre-trial$ (or trial$ those whose trials were adjourned or postponed$ and those with ,otions to set (orhearin/2 Pre(erence shall e /i'en to ha'eas &orpuscases$ election cases$ special ci'il actions$ and those so

re?uired . law2 *1a$ R66+

Se%!n 'Assignment of &ases2 3 The assi/n,ent o( cases to the di((erent ranches o( a court shall e donee5clusi'el. . ra((le2 The assi/n,ent shall e done in open session o( which ade?uate notice shall e /i'en so as to

a((ord interested parties the opportunit. to e present2 *7a$ R66+

RULE 1

S/;!ena

Se%!n 1'Su'poena and su'poena du&es te&um2 3 Supoena is a process directed to a person re?uirin/ hi, toattend and to testi(. at the hearin/ or the trial o( an action$ or at an. in'esti/ation conducted . co,petent authorit.$

or (or the ta4in/ o( his deposition2 !t ,a. also re?uire hi, to rin/ with hi, an. oo4s$ docu,ents$ or other thin/s

under his control$ in which case it is called a supoena du&es te&um2 *1a$ R6+

Se%!n 'By %hom issued2 3 The supoena ,a. e issued . 3

*a+ the court e(ore who, the witness is re?uired to attend;

*+ the court o( the place where the deposition is to e ta4en;


21/91

*c+ the o((icer or od. authoried . law to do so in connection with in'esti/ations conducted . said o((iceror od.; or

*d+ an. ustice o( the Supre,e ourt or o( the ourt o( Appeals in an. case or in'esti/ation pendin/ withinthe Philippines2


22/91

RULE

C!3/&a!n !0 T#3e

Se%!n 1'o% to &ompute time2 3 !n co,putin/ an. period o( ti,e prescried or allowed . these Rules$ or .order o( the court$ or . an. applicale statute$ the da. o( the act or e'ent (ro, which the desi/nated period o( ti,e

e/ins to run is to e e5cluded and the date o( per(or,ance included2 !( the last da. o( the period$ as thus co,puted$(alls on a Saturda. a Sunda.$ or a le/al holida. in the place where the court sits$ the ti,e shall not run until the ne5t

wor4in/ da.2 *a+

Se%!n 'ffe&t of interruption2 3 Should an act e done which e((ecti'el. interrupts the runnin/ o( the period$ theallowale period a(ter such interruption shall start to run on the da. a(ter notice o( the cessation o( the cause thereo(2

The da. o( the act that caused the interruption shall e e5cluded in the co,putation o( the period2 *n+

RULE

De!$#!n$ Pen#n4 A%!n

Se%!n 1'1epositions pending a&tion$%hen may 'e ta/en2 3 0. lea'e o( court a(ter jurisdiction has een otainedo'er an. de(endant or o'er propert. which is the suject o( the action$ or without such lea'e a(ter an answer haseen ser'ed$ the testi,on. o( an. person$ whether a part. or not$ ,a. e ta4en$ at the instance o( an. part.$ .

deposition upon oral e5a,ination or written interro/atories2 The attendance o( witnesses ,a. e co,pelled . theuse o( a supoena as pro'ided in Rule 612 #epositions shall e ta4en onl. in accordance with these Rules2 The

deposition o( a person con(ined in prison ,a. e ta4en onl. . lea'e o( court on such ter,s as the court prescries2*1a$ R68+

Se%!n 'S&ope of e2amination2 3 Unless otherwise ordered . the court as pro'ided . section 1: or 1@ o( thisRule$ the deponent ,a. e e5a,ined re/ardin/ an. ,atter$ not pri'ile/ed$ which is rele'ant to the suject o( thependin/ action$ whether relatin/ to the clai, or de(ense o( an. other part.$ includin/ the e5istence$ description$nature$ custod.$ condition$ and location o( an. oo4s$ docu,ents$ or other tan/ile thin/s and the identit. and

location o( persons ha'in/ 4nowled/e o( rele'ant (acts2 *6$ R68+

Se%!n '2amination and &ross-e2amination2 3 E5a,ination and cross-e5a,ination o( deponents ,a. proceedas per,itted at the trial under sections to 1@ o( Rule 162 *a$ R68+

Se%!n *'se of depositions2 3 At the trial or upon the hearin/ o( a ,otion or an interlocutor. proceedin/$ an. partor all o( a deposition$ so (ar as ad,issile under the rules o( e'idence$ ,a. e used a/ainst an. part. who was

present or represented at the ta4in/ o( the deposition or who had due notice thereo($ in accordance with an. one o(the (ollowin/ pro'isions;

*a+ An. deposition ,a. e used . an. part. (or the purpose o( contradictin/ or i,peachin/ the testi,on. o(

deponent as a witness;

*+ The deposition o( a part. or o( an. one who at the ti,e o( ta4in/ the deposition was an o((icer$ director$or ,ana/in/ a/ent o( a pulic or pri'ate corporation$ partnership$ or association which is a part. ,a. e

used . an ad'erse part. (or an. purpose;

*c+ The deposition o( a witness$ whether or not a part.$ ,a. e used . an. part. (or an. purpose i( thecourt (inds *1+ that the witness is dead$ or *6+ that the witness resides at a distance ,ore than one hundred

*1+ 4ilo,eters (ro, the place o( trial or hearin/$ or is out o( the Philippines$ unless it appears that hisasence was procured . the part. o((erin/ the deposition$ or *+ that the witness is unale to attend or


23/91

testi(. ecause o( a/e$ sic4ness$ in(ir,it.$ or i,prison,ent$ or *8+ that the part. o((erin/ the deposition haseen unale to procure the attendance o( the witness . supoena; or *)+ upon application and notice$ that

such e5ceptional circu,stances e5ist as to ,a4e it desirale$ in the interest o( justice and with due re/ard tothe i,portance o( presentin/ the testi,on. o( witnesses orall. in open court$ to allow the deposition to e

used; and

*d+ !( onl. part o( a deposition is o((ered in e'idence . a part.$ the ad'erse part. ,a. re?uire hi, to

introduce all o( it which is rele'ant to the part introduced$ and an. part. ,a. introduce an. other parts2 *8a$R68+

Se%!n +'ffe&t of su'stitution of parties2 3 Sustitution o( parties does not a((ect the ri/ht to use depositionspre'iousl. ta4en; and$ when an action has een dis,issed and another action in'ol'in/ the sa,e suject is a(terwardrou/ht etween the sa,e parties or their representati'es or successors in interest$ all depositions law(ull. ta4en and

dul. (iled in the (or,er action ,a. e used in the latter as i( ori/inall. ta4en there(or2 *)$ R68+

Se%!n ')'+e&tions to admissi'ility2 3 Suject to the pro'isions o( section 69 o( this Rule$ ojection ,a. e ,adeat the trial or hearin/$ to recei'in/ in e'idence an. deposition or part thereo( (or an. reason which would re?uire the

e5clusion o( the e'idence i( the witness were then present and testi(.in/ *:$ R68+

Se%!n 7'ffe&t of ta/ing depositions2 3 A part. shall not e dee,ed to ,a4e a person his own witness (or an.purpose . ta4in/ his deposition2 *7$ R68+

Se%!n 'ffe&t of using depositions2 3 The introduction in e'idence o( the deposition or an. part thereo( (or an.purpose other than that o( contradictin/ or i,peachin/ the deponent ,a4es the deponent the witness o( the part.introducin/ the deposition$ ut this shall not appl. to the use . an ad'erse part. o( a deposition as descried in

para/raph *+ o( section 8 o( this Rule2 *@$ R68+

Se%!n 9'Re'utting deposition2 3 At the trial or hearin/ an. part. ,a. reut an. rele'ant e'idence contained in adeposition whether introduced . hi, or . an. other part.2 *9$ R68+

Se%!n 12'Persons 'efore %hom depositions may 'e ta/en %ithin the Philippines2 3


24/91

Se%!n 1')rders for the prote&tion of parties and deponents2 3 A(ter notice is ser'ed (or ta4in/ a deposition .oral e5a,ination$ upon ,otion seasonal. ,ade . an. part. or . the person to e e5a,ined and (or /ood causeshown$ the court in which the action is pendin/ ,a. ,a4e an order that the deposition shall not e ta4en$ or that it

,a. e ta4en onl. at so,e desi/nated place other than that stated in the notice$ or that it ,a. e ta4en onl. onwritten interro/atories$ or that certain ,atters shall not e in?uired into$ or that the scope o( the e5a,ination shall eheld with no one present e5cept the parties to the action and their o((icers or counsel$ or that a(ter ein/ sealed thedeposition shall e opened onl. . order o( the court$ or that secret processes$ de'elop,ents$ or research need not

e disclosed$ or that the parties shall si,ultaneousl. (ile speci(ied docu,ents or in(or,ation enclosed in sealeden'elopes to e opened as directed . the court or the court ,a. ,a4e an. other order which justice re?uires toprotect the part. or witness (ro, anno.ance$ e,arrass,ent$ or oppression2 *1:a$ R68+

Se%!n 17'Re&ord of e2amination$oath;o'+e&tions2 3 The o((icer e(ore who, the deposition is to e ta4en shallput the witness on oath and shall personall.$ or . so,e one actin/ under his direction and in his presence$ recordthe testi,on. o( the witness2 The testi,on. shall e ta4en steno/raphicall. unless the parties a/ree otherwise2 All

ojections ,ade at the ti,e o( the e5a,ination to the ?uali(ications o( the o((icer ta4in/ the deposition$ or to the,anner o( tal4in/ it$ or to the e'idence presented$ or to the conduct o( an. part.$ and an. other ojection to the

proceedin/s$ shall e noted . the o((icer upon the deposition2 E'idence ojected to shall e ta4en suject to theojections2 !n lieu o( participatin/ in the oral e5a,ination$ parties ser'ed with notice o( ta4in/ a deposition ,a.

trans,it written interro/atories to the o((icers$ who shall propound the, to the witness and record theanswers (er'atim2 *17$ R68+

Se%!n 1'Motion to terminate or limit e2amination2 3 At an. ti,e durin/ the ta4in/ o( the deposition$ on ,otion orpetition o( an. part. or o( the deponent$ and upon a showin/ that the e5a,ination is ein/ conducted in ad (aith or insuch ,anner as unreasonal. to anno.$ e,arrass$ or oppress the deponent or part.$ the court in which the action ispendin/ or the Re/ional Trial ourt o( the place where the deposition is ein/ ta4en ,a. order the o((icer conductin/the e5a,ination to cease (orthwith (ro, ta4in/ the deposition$ or ,a. li,it the scope and ,anner o( the ta4in/ o( thedeposition$ as pro'ided in section 1: o( this Rule2 !( the order ,ade ter,inates the e5a,ination$ it shall e resu,ed

therea(ter onl. upon the order o( the court in which the action is pendin/2 Upon de,and o( the ojectin/ part. ordeponent$ the ta4in/ o( the deposition shall e suspended (or the ti,e necessar. to ,a4e a notice (or an order2 !n

/rantin/ or re(usin/ such order$ the court ,a. i,pose upon either part. or upon the witness the re?uire,ent to pa.such costs or e5penses as the court ,a. dee, reasonale2 *1@a$ R68+

Se%!n 19'Su'mission to %itness; &hanges; signing2 3


25/91

Se%!n *'9ailure of party gi(ing noti&e to ser(e su'poena2 3 !( the part. /i'in/ the notice o( the ta4in/ o( adeposition o( a witness (ails to ser'e a supoena upon hi, and the witness ecause o( such (ailure does not attend$and i( another part. attends in person or . counsel ecause he e5pects the deposition o( that witness to e ta4en$the court ,a. order the part. /i'in/ the notice to pa. to such other part. the a,ount o( the reasonale e5penses

incurred . hi, and his counsel in so attendin/$ includin/ reasonale attorne.s (ees2 *68a$ R68+

Se%!n +'1eposition upon %ritten interrogatories; ser(i&e of noti&e and of interrogatories2 3 A part. desirin/ to

ta4e the deposition o( an. person upon written interro/atories shall ser'e the, upon e'er. other part. with a noticestatin/ the na,e and address o( the person who is to answer the, and the na,e or descripti'e title and address o(the o((icer e(ore who, the deposition is to e ta4en2


26/91

suppress the deposition or so,e part thereo( is ,ade with reasonale pro,ptness a(ter such de(ect is$ orwith due dili/ence ,i/ht ha'e een$ ascertained2 *69a$ R68+

RULE *

De!$#!n$ :e0!re A%!n !r Pen#n4 Aea

Se%!n 1'1epositions 'efore a&tion;petition2 3 A person who desires to perpetuate his own testi,on. or that o(another person re/ardin/ an. ,atter that ,a. e co/niale in an. court o( the Philippines ,a. (ile a 'eri(ied petition

in the court o( the place o( the residence o( an. e5pected ad'erse part.2 *1a R18+

Se%!n 'Contents of petition2 3 The petition shall e entitled in the na,e o( the petitioner and shall show *a+ thatthe petitioner e5pects to e a part. to an action in a court o( the Philippines ut is presentl. unale to rin/ it or causeit to e rou/ht; *+ the suject ,atter o( the e5pected action and his interest therein; *c+ the (acts which he desires to

estalish . the proposed testi,on. and his reasons (or desirin/ to perpetuate it; *d+ the na,es or a description o(the persons he e5pects will e ad'erse parties and their addresses so (ar as 4nown; and *e+ the na,es and

addresses o( the persons to e e5a,ined and the sustance o( the testi,on. which he e5pects to elicit (ro, each$and shall as4 (or an order authoriin/ the petitioner to ta4e the depositions o( the persons to e e5a,ined na,ed in

the petition (or the purpose o( perpetuatin/ their testi,on.2 *6$ R18+

Se%!n 'Noti&e and ser(i&e2 3 The petitioner shall ser'e a notice upon each person na,ed in the petition as ane5pected ad'erse part.$ to/ether with a cop. o( the petition$ statin/ that the petitioner will appl. to the court$ at a ti,e

and place na,ed therein$ (or the order descried in the petition2 At least twent. *6+ da.s e(ore the date o( thehearin/$ the court shall cause notice thereo( to e ser'ed on the parties and prospecti'e deponents in the ,anner

pro'ided (or ser'ice o( su,,ons2 *a$ R18+

Se%!n *')rder and e2amination2 3 !( the court is satis(ied that the perpetuation o( the testi,on. ,a. pre'ent a(ailure or dela. o( justice$ it shall ,a4e an order desi/natin/ or descriin/ the persons whose deposition ,a. eta4en and speci(.in/ the suject ,atter o( the e5a,ination and whether the depositions shall e ta4en upon oral

e5a,ination or written interro/atories2 The depositions ,a. e ta4en in accordance with Rule 6 e(ore the hearin/2*8a$ R18+

Se%!n +'Referen&e to &ourt2 3 For the purpose o( appl.in/ Rule 6 to depositions (or perpetuatin/ testi,on.$ eachre(erence therein to the court in which the action is pendin/ shall e dee,ed to re(er to the court in which the petition

(or such deposition was (iled2 *)a$ R18+

Se%!n 'se of deposition2 3 !( a deposition to perpetuate testi,on. is ta4en under this Rule$ or i($ althou/h not sota4en$ it would e ad,issile in e'idence$ it ,a. e used in an. action in'ol'in/ the sa,e suject ,atter su-

se?uentl. rou/ht in accordance with the pro'isions o( sections 8 and ) o( Rule 62 *:a$ R18+

Se%!n 7'1epositions pending appeal2 3 !( an appeal has een ta4en (ro, a jud/,ent o( a court$ includin/ theourt o( Appeals in proper cases$ or e(ore the ta4in/ o( an appeal i( the ti,e there(or has not e5pired$ the court in

which the jud/,ent was rendered ,a. allow the ta4in/ o( depositions o( witnesses to perpetuate their testi,on. (or inthe e'ent o( (urther proceedin/s in the said court2 !n such case the part. who desires to perpetuate the testi,on. ,a.,a4e a ,otion in the said court (or lea'e to ta4e the depositions$ upon the sa,e notice and ser'ice thereo( as i( theaction was pendin/ therein2 The ,otion shall state *a+ the na,es and addresses o( the persons to e e5a,ined and

the sustance o( the testi,on. which he e5pects to elicit (ro, each$ and *+ the reason (or perpetuatin/ theirtesti,on.2 !( the court (inds that the perpetuation o( the testi,on. is proper to a'oid a (ailure or dela. o( justice$ it ,a.

,a4e an order allowin/ the deposition to e ta4en$ and thereupon the depositions ,a. e ta4en and used in thesa,e ,anner and under the sa,e conditions as are prescried in these Rules (or depositions ta4en in pendin/

actions2 *7a$ R18+

RULE +


27/91

In&err!4a&!r#e$ &! Pare$

Se%!n 1'$nterrogatories to parties; ser(i&e thereof.3 Under the sa,e conditions speci(ied in section 1 o( Rule 6$an. part. desirin/ to elicit ,aterial and rele'ant (acts (ro, an. ad'erse parties shall (ile and ser'e upon the latter

written interro/atories to e answered . the part. ser'ed or$ i( the part. ser'ed is a pulic or pri'ate corporation or apartnership or association$ . an. o((icer thereo( co,petent to testi(. in its ehal(2 *1a+

Se%!n 'Ans%er to interrogatories2 3 The interro/atories shall e answered (ull. in writin/ and shall e si/ned andsworn to . the person ,a4in/ the,2 The part. upon who, the interro/atories ha'e een ser'ed shall (ile and ser'ea cop. o( the answers on the part. su,ittin/ the interro/atories within (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter ser'ice thereo( unless

the court on ,otion and (or /ood cause shown$ e5tends or shortens the ti,e2 *6a+

Se%!n ')'+e&tions to interrogatories2 3 Ojections to an. interro/atories ,a. e presented to the court within ten*1+ da.s a(ter ser'ice thereo($ with notice as in case o( a ,otion; and answers shall e de(erred until the ojections

are resol'ed$ which shall e at as earl. a ti,e as is practicale2 *a+

Se%!n *'Num'er of interrogatories2 3 &o part. ,a.$ without lea'e o( court$ ser'e ,ore than one set o(interro/atories to e answered . the sa,e part.2 *8+

Se%!n +'S&ope and use of interrogatories2 3 !nterro/atories ,a. relate to an. ,atters that can e in?uired into

under section 6 o( Rule 6$ and the answers ,a. e used (or the sa,e purposes pro'ided in section 8 o( the sa,eRule2 *)a+

Se%!n 'ffe&t of failure to ser(e %ritten interrogatories2 3 Unless therea(ter allowed . the court (or /ood causeshown and to pre'ent a (ailure o( justice$ a part. not ser'ed with written interro/atories ,a. not e co,pelled . the

ad'erse part. to /i'e testi,on. in open court$ or to /i'e a deposition pendin/ appeal2 *n+

RULE

A3#$$#!n ;. A"er$e Par&.

Se%!n 1'Re;uest for admission2 3 At an. ti,e a(ter issues ha'e een joined$ a part. ,a. (ile and ser'e upon an.other part. ,a. (ile and ser'e upon an. other part. a written re?uest (or the ad,ission . the latter o( the

/enuineness o( an. ,aterial and rele'ant docu,ent descried in and e5hiited with the re?uest or o( the truth o( an.,aterial and rele'ant ,atter o( (act set (orth in the re?uest2 opies o( the docu,ents shall e deli'ered with the

re?uest unless cop. ha'e alread. een (urnished2 *1a+

Se%!n '$mplied admission2 3 Each o( the ,atters o( which an ad,ission is re?uested shall e dee,ed ad,ittedunless$ within a period desi/nated in the re?uest$ which shall not e less than (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter ser'ice thereo($

or within such (urther ti,e as the court ,a. allow on ,otion$ the part. to who, the re?uest is directed (iles andser'es upon the part. re?uestin/ the ad,ission a sworn state,ent either den.in/ speci(icall. the ,atters o( which an

ad,ission is re?uested or settin/ (orth in detail the reasons wh. he cannot truth(ull. either ad,it or den. those,atters2

Ojections to an. re?uest (or ad,ission shall e su,itted to the court . the part. re?uested within the period (or

and prior to the (ilin/ o( his sworn state,ent as conte,plated in the precedin/ para/raph and his co,pliancetherewith shall e de(erred until such ojections are resol'ed$ which resolution shall e ,ade as earl. as practicale2

*6a+

Se%!n 'ffe&t of admission2 3 An. ad,ission ,ade . a part. pursuant to such re?uest is (or the purpose o( thependin/ action onl. and shall not constitute an ad,ission . hi, (or an. other purpose nor ,a. the sa,e e used

a/ainst hi, in an. other proceedin/2 *+

Se%!n *'ithdra%al2 3 The court ,a. allow the part. ,a4in/ an ad,ission under the Rule$ whether e5press ori,plied$ to withdraw or a,end it upon such ter,s as ,a. e just2 *8+


28/91

Se%!n +'ffe&t of failure to file and ser(e re;uest for admission2 3 Unless otherwise allowed . the court (or /oodcause shown and to pre'ent a (ailure o( justice a part. who (ails to (ile and ser'e a re?uest (or ad,ission on the

ad'erse part. o( ,aterial and rele'ant (acts at issue which are$ or ou/ht to e$ within the personal 4nowled/e o( thelatter$ shall not e per,itted to present e'idence on such (acts2 *n+

RULE 7

Pr!/%!n !r In$e%!n !0 D!%/3en&$ !r T#n4$

Se%!n 1'Motion for produ&tion or inspe&tion; order2 3 Upon ,otion o( an. part. showin/ /ood cause there(or$ thecourt in which an action is pendin/ ,a. *a+ order an. part. to produce and per,it the inspection and cop.in/ or

photo/raphin/$ . or on ehal( o( the ,o'in/ part.$ o( an. desi/nated docu,ents$ papers$ oo4s$ accounts$ letters$photo/raphs$ ojects or tan/ile thin/s$ not pri'ile/ed$ which constitute or contain e'idence ,aterial to an. ,atter

in'ol'ed in the action and which are in his possession$ custod. or control$ or *+ order an. part. to per,it entr. upondesi/nated land or other propert. in his possession or control (or the purpose o( inspectin/$ ,easurin/$ sur'e.in/$ orphoto/raphin/ the propert. or an. desi/nated rele'ant oject or operation thereon2 The order shall speci(. the ti,e$place and ,anner o( ,a4in/ the inspection and ta4in/ copies and photo/raphs$ and ,a. prescrie such ter,s and

conditions as are just2 *1a+

RULE

P.$#%a an Men&a E


29/91

proponent ,a. therea(ter appl. to the proper court o( the place where the deposition is ein/ ta4en$ (or an order toco,pel an answer2 The sa,e procedure ,a. e a'ailed o( when a part. or a witness re(uses to answer an.

interro/ator. su,itted under Rules 6 or 6)2

!( the application is /ranted$ the court shall re?uire the re(usin/ part. or deponent to answer the ?uestion orinterro/ator. and i( it also (inds that the re(usal to answer was without sustantial justi(ication$ it ,a. re?uire the

re(usin/ part. or deponent or the counsel ad'isin/ the re(usal$ or oth o( the,$ to pa. the proponent the a,ount o(

the reasonale e5penses incurred in otainin/ the order$ includin/ attorne.s (ees2

!( the application is denied and the court (inds that it was (iled without sustantial justi(ication$ the court ,a. re?uirethe proponent or the counsel ad'isin/ the (ilin/ o( the application$ or oth o( the,$ to pa. to the re(usin/ part. or

deponent the a,ount o( the reasonale e5penses incurred in opposin/ the application$ includin/ attorne.s (ees2 *1a+

Se%!n 'Contempt of &ourt2 3 !( a part. or other witness re(uses to e sworn or re(uses to answer an. ?uestiona(ter ein/ directed to do so . the court o( the place in which the deposition is ein/ ta4en$ the re(usal ,a. e

considered a conte,pt o( that court2 *6a+

Se%!n ')ther &onse;uen&es2 3 !( an. part. or an o((icer or ,ana/in/ a/ent o( a part. re(uses to oe. an order,ade under section 1 o( this Rule re?uirin/ hi, to answer desi/nated ?uestions$ or an order under Rule 67 to

produce an. docu,ent or other thin/ (or inspection$ cop.in/$ or photo/raphin/ or to per,it it to e done$ or to per,itentr. upon land or other propert. or an order ,ade under Rule 6@ re?uirin/ hi, to su,it to a ph.sical or ,entale5a,ination$ the court ,a. ,a4e such orders in re/ard to the re(usal as are just$ and a,on/ others the (ollowin/

*a+ An order that the ,atters re/ardin/ which the ?uestions were as4ed$ or the character or description o(the thin/ or land$ or the contents o( the paper$ or the ph.sical or ,ental condition o( the part.$ or an. other

desi/nated (acts shall e ta4en to e estalished (or the purposes o( the action in accordance with the clai,o( the part. otainin/ the order;

*+ An order re(usin/ to allow the disoedient part. to support or oppose desi/nated clai,s or de(enses orprohiitin/ hi, (ro, introducin/ in e'idence desi/nated docu,ents or thin/s or ite,s o( testi,on.$ or (ro,

introducin/ e'idence o( ph.sical or ,ental condition;

*c+ An order stri4in/ out pleadin/s or parts thereo($ or sta.in/ (urther proceedin/s until the order is oe.ed$or dis,issin/ the action or proceedin/ or an. part thereo($ or renderin/ a jud/,ent . de(ault a/ainst the

disoedient part.; and

*d+ !n lieu o( an. o( the (ore/oin/ orders or in addition thereto$ an order directin/ the arrest o( an. part. ora/ent o( a part. (or disoe.in/ an. o( such orders e5cept an order to su,it to a ph.sical or ,ental

e5a,ination2 *a+

Se%!n *'2penses on refusal to admit2 3 !( a part. a(ter ein/ ser'ed with a re?uest under Rule 6: to ad,it the/enuineness o( an. docu,ent or the truth o( an. ,atter o( (act ser'es a sworn denial thereo( and i( the part.

re?uestin/ the ad,issions therea(ter pro'es the /enuineness o( such docu,ent or the truth o( an. such ,atter o((act$ he ,a. appl. to the court (or an order re?uirin/ the other part. to pa. hi, the reasonale e5penses incurred in,a4in/ such proo($ includin/ attorne.s (ees2 Unless the court (inds that there were /ood reasons (or the denial or

that ad,issions sou/ht were o( no sustantial i,portance$ such order shall e issued2 *8a+

Se%!n +'9ailure of party to attend or ser(e ans%ers2 3 !( a part. or an o((icer or ,ana/in/ a/ent o( a part. wil(ull.

(ails to appear e(ore the o((icer who is to ta4e his deposition$ a(ter ein/ ser'ed with a proper notice$ or (ails to ser'eanswers to interro/atories su,itted under Rule 6) a(ter proper ser'ice o( such interro/atories$ the court on ,otion

and notice$ ,a. stri4e out all or an. part o( an. pleadin/ o( that part.$ or dis,iss the action or proceedin/ or an. partthereo($ or enter a jud/,ent . de(ault a/ainst that part.$ and in its discretion$ order hi, to pa. reasonale e5penses

incurred . the other$ includin/ attorne.s (ees2 *)+

Se%!n '2penses against the Repu'li& of the Philippines2 3 E5penses and attorne.s (ees are not to e i,posedupon the Repulic o( the Philippines under this Rule2 *:+


30/91

RULE 2

Tr#a

Se%!n 1'Noti&e of #rial2 3 Upon entr. o( a case in the trial calendar$ the cler4 shall noti(. the parties o( the date o(its trial in such ,anner as shall ensure his receipt o( that notice at least (i'e *)+ da.s e(ore such date2 *6a$ R66+

Se%!n 'Ad+ournments and postponements2 3 A court ,a. adjourn a trial (ro, da. to da.$ and to an. stated ti,e$as the e5peditious and con'enient transaction o( usiness ,a. re?uire$ ut shall ha'e no power to adjourn a trial (ora lon/er period than one ,onth (or each adjourn,ent nor ,ore than three ,onths in all$ e5cept when authoried in

writin/ . the ourt Ad,inistrator$ Supre,e ourt2 *a$ R66+

Se%!n 'Re;uisites of motion to postpone trial for a'sen&e of e(iden&e2 3 A ,otion to postpone a trial on the/round o( asence o( e'idence can e /ranted onl. upon a((ida'it showin/ the ,aterialit. or rele'anc. o( such

e'idence$ and that due dili/ence has een used to procure it2 0ut i( the ad'erse part. ad,its the (acts to e /i'en ine'idence$ e'en i( he ojects or reser'es the ri/ht to oject to their ad,issiilit.$ the trial shall not e postponed2 *8a$

R66; 0ar %atter &o2 @$ 61 ul. 199@+

Se%!n *'Re;uisites of motion to postpone trial for illness of party or &ounsel2 3 A ,otion to postpone a trial on the/round o( illness o( a part. or counsel ,a. e /ranted i( it appears upon a((ida'it or sworn certi(ication that the

presence o( such part. or counsel at the trial is indispensale and that the character o( his illness is such as to renderhis non-attendance e5cusale2 *)a$ R66+

Se%!n +')rder of trial2 3 Suject to the pro'isions o( section 6 o( Rule 1$ and unless the court (or special reasonsotherwise directs$ the trial shall e li,ited to the issues stated in the pre-trial order and shall proceed as (ollows

*a+ The plainti(( shall adduce e'idence in support o( his co,plaint;

*+ The de(endant shall then adduce e'idence in support o( his de(ense$ counterclai,$ cross-clai, and third-part. co,plaints;

*c+ The third-part. de(endant i( an.$ shall adduce e'idence o( his de(ense$ counterclai,$ cross-clai, and(ourth-part. co,plaint;

*d+ The (ourth-part.$ and so (orth$ i( an.$ shall adduce e'idence o( the ,aterial (acts pleaded . the,;

*e+ The parties a/ainst who, an. counterclai, or cross-clai, has een pleaded$ shall adduce e'idence insupport o( their de(ense$ in the order to e prescried . the court;

*(+ The parties ,a. then respecti'el. adduce reuttin/ e'idence onl.$ unless the court$ (or /ood reasons andin the (urtherance o( justice$ per,its the, to adduce e'idence upon their ori/inal case; and

*/+ Upon ad,ission o( the e'idence$ the case shall e dee,ed su,itted (or decision$ unless the courtdirects the parties to ar/ue or to su,it their respecti'e ,e,oranda or an. (urther pleadin/s2

!( se'eral de(endants or third-part. de(endants$ and so (orth$ ha'in/ separate de(enses appear . di((erent counsel$the court shall deter,ine the relati'e order o( presentation o( their e'idence2 *1a$ R+

Se%!n 'Agreed statement of fa&ts2 3 The parties to an. action ,a. a/ree$ in writin/$ upon the (acts in'ol'ed inthe liti/ation$ and su,it the case (or jud/,ent on the (acts a/reed upon$ without the introduction o( e'idence2

!( the parties a/ree onl. on so,e o( the (acts in issue$ the trial shall e held as to the disputed (acts in such order asthe court shall prescrie2 *6a$ R+


31/91

Se%!n 7'Statement of +udge2 3 #urin/ the hearin/ or trial o( a case an. state,ent ,ade . the jud/e withre(erence to the case$ or to an. o( the parties$ witnesses or counsel$ shall e ,ade o( record in the steno/raphic

notes2 *a$ R+

Se%!n 'Suspension of a&tions2 3 The suspension o( actions shall e /o'erned . the pro'isions o( the i'ilode2 *n+

Se%!n 9'*udge to re&ei(e e(iden&e; delegation to &ler/ of &ourt2 3 The jud/e o( the court where the case ispendin/ shall personall. recei'e the e'idence to e adduced . the parties2 >owe'er$ in de(ault or e2 partehearin/s$

and in an. case where the parties a/ree in writin/$ the court ,a. dele/ate the reception o( e'idence to its cler4 o(court who is a ,e,er o( the ar2 The cler4 o( court shall ha'e no power to rule on ojections to an. ?uestion or to

the ad,ission o( e5hiits$ which ojections shall e resol'ed . the court upon su,ission o( his report and thetranscripts within ten *1+ da.s (ro, ter,ination o( the hearin/2 *n+

RULE 1

C!n$!#a!n !r Se"eran%e

Se%!n 1'Consolidation2 3


32/91

report2 Suject to other speci(ications and li,itations stated in the order$ the co,,issioner has and shall e5ercise thepower to re/ulate the proceedin/s in e'er. hearin/ e(ore hi, and to do all acts and ta4e all ,easures necessar. or

proper (or the e((icient per(or,ance o( his duties under the order2 >e ,a. issue supoenas and supoenas du&este&um$ swear witnesses$ and unless otherwise pro'ided in the order o( re(erence$ he ,a. rule upon the ad,issiilit.o( e'idence2 The trial or hearin/ e(ore hi, shall proceed in all respects as it would i( held e(ore the court2 *a$ R+

Se%!n *')ath of &ommissioner2 3 0e(ore enterin/ upon his duties the co,,issioner shall e sworn to a (aith(ul

and honest per(or,ance thereo(2 *18$ R+

Se%!n +'Pro&eedings 'efore &ommissioner2 3 Upon receipt o( the order o( re(erence and unless otherwisepro'ided therein$ the co,,issioner shall (orthwith set a ti,e and place (or the (irst ,eetin/ o( the parties or theircounsel to e held within ten *1+ da.s a(ter the date o( the order o( re(erence and shall noti(. the parties or their

counsel2 *)a$ R+

Se%!n '9ailure of parties to appear 'efore &ommissioner2 3 !( a part. (ails to appear at the ti,e and placeappointed$ the co,,issioner ,a. proceed e2 parteor$ in his discretion$ adjourn the proceedin/s to a (uture da.$

/i'in/ notice to the asent part. or his counsel o( the adjourn,ent2 *:a$ R+

Se%!n 7'Refusal of %itness2 3 The re(usal o( a witness to oe. a supoena issued . the co,,issioner or to /i'ee'idence e(ore hi,$ shall e dee,ed a conte,pt o( the court which appointed the co,,issioner2 *7a R+

Se%!n 'Commissioner shall a(oid delays2 3 !t is the dut. o( the co,,issioner to proceed with all reasonaledili/ence2 Either part.$ on notice to the parties and co,,issioner$ ,a. appl. to the court (or an order re?uirin/ the

co,,issioner to e5pedite the proceedin/s and to ,a4e his report2 *@a$ R+

Se%!n 9'Report of &ommissioner2 3 Upon the co,pletion o( the trial or hearin/ or proceedin/ e(ore theco,,issioner$ he shall (ile with the court his report in writin/ upon the ,atters su,itted to hi, . the order o(

re(erence2 e shall attach thereto all e5hiits$ a((ida'its$ depositions$ papers and the transcript$ i( an.$ o( the

testi,onial e'idence presented e(ore hi,2 *9a$ R+

Se%!n 12'Noti&e to parties of the filing of report2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the report$ the parties shall e noti(ied . thecler4$ and the. shall e allowed ten *1+ da.s within which to si/ni(. /rounds o( ojections to the (indin/s o( the

report$ i( the. so desire2 Ojections to the report ased upon /rounds which were a'ailale to the parties durin/ the

proceedin/s e(ore the co,,issioner$ other than ojections to the (indin/s and conclusions therein$ set (orth$ shallnot e considered . the court unless the. were ,ade e(ore the co,,issioner2 *1$ R+

Se%!n 11'earing upon report2 3 Upon the e5piration o( the period o( ten *1+ da.s re(erred to in the precedin/section$ the report shall e set (or hearin/$ a(ter which the court shall issue an order adoptin/$ ,odi(.in/$ or rejectin/the report in whole or in part$ or reco,,ittin/ it with instructions$ or re?uirin/ the parties to present (urther e'idence

e(ore the co,,issioner or the court2 *11a$ R+

Se%!n 1'Stipulations as to findings2 3


33/91

,otion is denied he shall ha'e the ri/ht to present e'idence2 !( the ,otion is /ranted ut on appeal the order o(dis,issal is re'ersed he shall e dee,ed to ha'e wai'ed the ri/ht to present e'idence2 *1a$ R)+

RULE *

J/43en& !n &e Pea#n4$

Se%!n 1'*udgment on the pleadings2 3


34/91

RULE

J/43en&$, F#na Orer$ an En&r. Tere!0

Se%!n 1'Rendition of +udgments and final orders2 3 A jud/,ent or (inal order deter,inin/ the ,erits o( the caseshall e in writin/ personall. and directl. prepared . the jud/e$ statin/ clearl. and distinctl. the (acts and the law on

which it is ased$ si/ned . hi,$ and (iled with the cler4 o( the court2 *1a+

Se%!n 'ntry of +udgments and final orders2 3 !( no appeal or ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration is (iled withinthe ti,e pro'ided in these Rules$ the jud/,ent or (inal order shall (orthwith e entered . the cler4 in the oo4 o(

entries o( jud/,ents2 The date o( (inalit. o( the jud/,ent or (inal order shall e dee,ed to e the date o( its entr.2 Therecord shall contain the dispositi'e part o( the jud/,ent or (inal order and shall e si/ned . the cler4$ within a

certi(icate that such jud/,ent or (inal order has eco,e (inal and e5ecutor.2 *6a$ 1$ R)1+

Se%!n '*udgment for or against one or more of se(eral parties2 3 ud/,ent ,a. e /i'en (or or a/ainst one or,ore o( se'eral plainti((s and (or or a/ainst one or ,ore o( se'eral de(endants2


35/91

Se%!n 'Contents of motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration and noti&e thereof.3 The ,otion shall e ,ade inwritin/ statin/ the /round or /rounds there(or$ a written notice o( which shall e ser'ed . the ,o'ant on the ad'erse

part.2

A ,otion (or new trial shall e pro'ed in the ,anner pro'ided (or proo( o( ,otion2 A ,otion (or the cause ,entioned inpara/raph *a+ o( the precedin/ section shall e supported . a((ida'its o( ,erits which ,a. e reutted . a((ida'its2A ,otion (or the cause ,entioned in para/raph *+ shall e supported . a((ida'its o( the witnesses . who, such

e'idence is e5pected to e /i'en$ or . dul. authenticated docu,ents which are proposed to e introduced ine'idence2

A ,otion (or reconsideration shall point out a speci(icall. the (indin/s or conclusions o( the jud/,ent or (inal orderwhich are not supported . the e'idence or which are contrar. to law ,a4in/ e5press re(erence to the testi,onial or

docu,entar. e'idence or to the pro'isions o( law alle/ed to e contrar. to such (indin/s or conclusions2

Apro forma,otion (or new trial or reconsideration shall not toll the re/le,entar. period o( appeal2 *6a+

Se%!n 'A&tion upon motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration2 3 The trial court ,a. set aside the jud/,ent or (inalorder and /rant a new trial$ upon such ter,s as ,a. e just$ or ,a. den. the ,otion2 !( the court (inds that e5cessi'e

da,a/es ha'e een awarded or that the jud/,ent or (inal order is contrar. to the e'idence or law$ it ,a. a,endsuch jud/,ent or (inal order accordin/l.2 *a+

Se%!n *'Resolution of motion2 3 A ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration shall e resol'ed within thirt. *+ da.s(ro, the ti,e it is su,itted (or resolution2 *n+

Se%!n +'Se&ond motion for ne% trial2 3 A ,otion (or new trial shall include all /rounds then a'ailale and thosenot so included shall e dee,ed wai'ed2 A second ,otion (or new trial$ ased on a /round not e5istin/ nor a'ailalewhen the (irst ,otion was ,ade$ ,a. e (iled within the ti,e herein pro'ided e5cludin/ the ti,e durin/ which the (irst

,otion had een pendin/2

&o part. shall e allowed a second ,otion (or reconsideration o( a jud/,ent or (inal order *8a$ 8$ !RB+

Se%!n 'ffe&t of granting of motion for ne% trial2 3 !( a new trial is /ranted in accordance with the pro'isions o(this Rules the ori/inal jud/,ent or (inal order shall e 'acated$ and the action shall stand (or trial de no(o; ut the

recorded e'idence ta4en upon the (or,er trial$ inso(ar as the sa,e is ,aterial and co,petent to estalish the issues$

shall e used at the new trial without reta4in/ the sa,e2 *)a+

Se%!n 7'Partial ne% trial or re&onsideration2 3 !( the /rounds (or a ,otion under this Rule appear to the court toa((ect the issues as to onl. a part$ or less than an o( the ,atter in contro'ers.$ or onl. one$ or less than all$ o( the

parties to it$ the court ,a. order a new trial or /rant reconsideration as to such issues i( se'erale without inter(erin/with the jud/,ent or (inal order upon the rest2 *:a+

Se%!n 'ffe&t of order for partial ne% trial2 3


36/91

e5cusale ne/li/ence$ he ,a. (ile a petition in such court and in the sa,e case pra.in/ that the jud/,ent$ order orproceedin/ e set aside2 *6a+

Se%!n 'Petition for relief from denial of appeal2 3


37/91

*a+ 2e&ution of a +udgment or final order pending appeal2 3 On ,otion o( the pre'ailin/ part. with notice tothe ad'erse part. (iled in the trial court while it has jurisdiction o'er the case and is in possession o( either

the ori/inal record or the record on appeal$ as the case ,a. e$ at the ti,e o( the (ilin/ o( such ,otion$ saidcourt ,a.$ in its discretion$ order e5ecution o( a jud/,ent or (inal order e'en e(ore the e5piration o( the

period to appeal2

A(ter the trial court has lost jurisdiction the ,otion (or e5ecution pendin/ appeal ,a. e (iled in the appellate

court2

#iscretionar. e5ecution ,a. onl. issue upon /ood reasons to e stated in a special order a(ter due hearin/2

*+ 2e&ution of se(eral$ separate or partial +udgments2 3 A se'eral$ separate or partial jud/,ent ,a. ee5ecuted under the sa,e ter,s and conditions as e5ecution o( a jud/,ent or (inal order pendin/ appeal2

*6a+

Se%!n 'Stay of dis&retionary e2e&ution2 3 #iscretionar. e5ecution issued under the precedin/ section ,a. esta.ed upon appro'al . the proper court o( a su((icient supersedeas ond (iled . the part. a/ainst who, it is

directed$ conditioned upon the per(or,ance o( the jud/,ent or order allowed to e e5ecuted in case it shall e (inall.sustained in whole or in part2 The ond thus /i'en ,a. e proceeded a/ainst on ,otion with notice to the suret.2

*a +

Se%!n *'*udgments not stayed 'y appeal2 3 ud/,ents in actions (or injunction$ recei'ership$ accountin/ andsupport$ and such other jud/,ents as are now or ,a. herea(ter e declared to e i,,ediatel. e5ecutor.$ shall e

en(orceale a(ter their rendition and shall not$ e sta.ed . an appeal ta4en there(ro,$ unless otherwise ordered .the trial court2 On appeal there(ro,$ the appellate court in its discretion ,a. ,a4e an order suspendin/$ ,odi(.in/$

restorin/ or /rantin/ the injunction$ recei'ership$ accountin/$ or award o( support2

The sta. o( e5ecution shall e upon such ter,s as to ond or otherwise as ,a. e considered proper (or the securit.or protection o( the ri/hts o( the ad'erse part.2 *8a+

Se%!n +'ffe&t of re(ersal of e2e&uted +udgment2 3


38/91

*a+ !( the e5ecution e a/ainst the propert. o( the jud/,ent oli/or$ to satis(. the jud/,ent$ with interest$ outo( the real or personal propert. o( such jud/,ent oli/or;

*+ !( it e a/ainst real or personal propert. in the hands o( personal representati'es$ heirs$ de'isees$le/atees$ tenants$ or trustees o( the jud/,ent oli/or$ to satis(. the jud/,ent$ with interest$ out o( such

propert.;

*c+ !( it e (or the sale o( real or personal propert. to sell such propert. descriin/ it$ and appl. the proceedsin con(or,it. with the jud/,ent$ the ,aterial parts o( which shall e recited in the writ o( e5ecution;

*d+ !( it e (or the deli'er. o( the possession o( real or personal propert.$ to deli'er the possession o( thesa,e$ descriin/ it$ to the part. entitled thereto$ and to satis(. an. costs$ da,a/es$ rents$ or pro(its co'ered. the jud/,ent out o( the personal propert. o( the person a/ainst who, it was rendered$ and i( su((icient

personal propert. cannot e (ound$ then out o( the real propert.; and

*e+ !n all cases$ the writ o( e5ecution shall speci(icall. state the a,ount o( the interest$ costs$ da,a/es$rents$ or pro(its due as o( the date o( the issuance o( the writ$ aside (ro, the principal oli/ation under the

jud/,ent2 For this purpose$ the ,otion (or e5ecution shall speci(. the a,ounts o( the (ore/oin/ relie(ssou/ht . the ,o'ant2*@a+

Se%!n 9'2e&ution of +udgments for money$ ho% enfor&ed2 3

*a+ $mmediate payment on demand2 3 The o((icer shall en(orce an e5ecution o( a jud/,ent (or ,one. .de,andin/ (ro, the jud/,ent oli/or the i,,ediate pa.,ent o( the (ull a,ount stated in the writ o(

e5ecution and all law(ul (ees2 The jud/,ent oli/or shall pa. in cash$ certi(ied an4 chec4 pa.ale to thejud/,ent oli/ee$ or an. other (or, o( pa.,ent acceptale to the latter$ the a,ount o( the jud/,ent det

under proper receipt directl. to the jud/,ent oli/ee or his authoried representati'e i( present at the ti,e o(pa.,ent2 The law(ul (ees shall e handed under proper receipt to the e5ecutin/ sheri(( who shall turn o'er

the said a,ount within the sa,e da. to the cler4 o( court o( the court that issued the writ2

!( the jud/,ent oli/ee or his authoried representati'e is not present to recei'e pa.,ent$ the jud/,entoli/or shall deli'er the a(oresaid pa.,ent to the e5ecutin/ sheri((2 The latter shall turn o'er all the a,ountsco,in/ into his possession within the sa,e da. to the cler4 o( court o( the court that issued the writ$ or i( thesa,e is not practicale$ deposit said a,ounts to a (iduciar. account in the nearest /o'ern,ent depositor.

an4 o( the Re/ional Trial ourt o( the localit.2

The cler4 o( said court shall therea(ter arran/e (or the re,ittance o( the deposit to the account o( the courtthat issued the writ whose cler4 o( court shall then deli'er said pa.,ent to the jud/,ent oli/ee in

satis(action o( the jud/,ent2 The e5cess$ i( an.$ shall e deli'ered to the jud/,ent oli/or while the law(ul(ees shall e retained . the cler4 o( court (or disposition as pro'ided . law2 !n no case shall the e5ecutin/

sheri(( de,and that an. pa.,ent . chec4 e ,ade pa.ale to hi,2

*+ Satisfa&tion 'y le(y2 3 !( the jud/,ent oli/or cannot pa. all or part o( the oli/ation in cash$ certi(iedan4 chec4 or other ,ode o( pa.,ent acceptale to the jud/,ent oli/ee$ the o((icer shall le'. upon the

properties o( the jud/,ent oli/or o( e'er. 4ind and nature whatsoe'er which ,a. e disposed$ o( (or 'alueand not otherwise e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution /i'in/ the latter the option to i,,ediatel. choose which propert.

or part thereo( ,a. e le'ied upon$ su((icient to satis(. the jud/,ent2 !( the jud/,ent oli/or does note5ercise the option$ the o((icer shall (irst le'. on the personal properties$ i( an.$ and then on the real

properties i( the personal properties are insu((icient to answer (or the jud/,ent2

The sheri(( shall sell onl. a su((icient portion o( the personal or real propert. o( the jud/,ent oli/or whichhas een le'ied upon2


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Se%!n 11'2e&ution of spe&ial +udgments2 3 is necessar. clothin/ and articles (or ordinar. personal use$ e5cludin/ jewelr.;

*e+ >ousehold (urniture and utensils necessar. (or house4eepin/$ and used (or that purpose . the jud/,entoli/or and his (a,il.$ such as the jud/,ent oli/or ,a. select$ o( a 'alue not e5ceedin/ one hundred

thousand pesos;

*(+ Pro'isions (or indi'idual or (a,il. use su((icient (or (our ,onths;

*/+ The pro(essional liraries and e?uip,ent o( jud/es$ law.ers$ ph.sicians$ phar,acists$ dentists$en/ineers$ sur'e.ors$ cler/.,en$ teachers$ and other pro(essionals$ not e5ceedin/ three hundred thousand

pesos in 'alue;

*h+ One (ishin/ oat and accessories not e5ceedin/ the total 'alue o( one hundred thousand pesos owned. a (isher,an and . the law(ul use o( which he earns his li'elihood;

*i+ So ,uch o( the salaries$ wa/es$ or earnin/s o( the jud/,ent oli/or (or his personal ser'ices within the(our ,onths precedin/ the le'. as are necessar. (or the support o( his (a,il.;

*j+ Lettered /ra'estones;

*4+ %onies$ ene(its$ pri'ile/es$ or annuities accruin/ or in an. ,anner /rowin/ out o( an. li(e insurance;

*l+ The ri/ht to recei'e le/al support$ or ,one. or propert. otained as such support$ or an. pension or/ratuit. (ro, the Bo'ern,ent;

*,+ Properties speciall. e5e,pted . law2

0ut no article or species o( propert. ,entioned in this section shall e e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution issued upon ajud/,ent reco'ered (or its price or upon a jud/,ent o( (oreclosure o( a ,ort/a/e thereon2 *16a+

Se%!n 1*'Return of %rit of e2e&ution2 3 The writ o( e5ecution shall e returnale to the court issuin/ it i,,ediatel.a(ter the jud/,ent has een satis(ied in part or in (ull2 !( the jud/,ent cannot e satis(ied in (ull within thirt. *+ da.sa(ter his receipt o( the writ$ the o((icer shall report to the court and state the reason there(or2 Such writ shall continuein e((ect durin/ the period within which the jud/,ent ,a. e en(orced . ,otion2 The o((icer shall ,a4e a report to

the court e'er. thirt. *+ da.s on the proceedin/s ta4en thereon until the jud/,ent is satis(ied in (ull$ or its e((ecti'it.


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e5pires2 The returns or periodic reports shall set (orth the whole o( the proceedin/s ta4en$ and shall e (iled with thecourt and copies thereo( pro,ptl. (urnished the parties2 *11a+

Se%!n 1+'Noti&e of sale of property on e2e&ution2 3 0e(ore the sale o( propert. on e5ecution$ notice thereo( ,uste /i'en as (ollows

*a+ !n case o( perishale propert.$ . postin/ written notice o( the ti,e and place o( the sale in three *+pulic places$ pre(eral. in conspicuous areas o( the ,unicipal or cit. hall$ post o((ice and pulic ,ar4et inthe ,unicipalit. or cit. where the sale is to ta4e place$ (or such ti,e as ,a. e reasonale$ considerin/ the

character and condition o( the propert.;

*+ !n case o( other personal propert.$ . postin/ a si,ilar notice in the three *+ pulic places ao'e-,entioned (or not less than (i'e *)+ da.s;

*c+ !n case o( real propert.$ . postin/ (or twent. *6+ da.s in the three *+ pulic places ao'e,entioned asi,ilar notice particularl. descriin/ the propert. and statin/ where the propert. is to e sold$ and i( theassessed 'alue o( the propert. e5ceeds (i(t. thousand *P)$2+ pesos$ . pulishin/ a cop. o( the

notice once a wee4 (or two *6+ consecuti'e wee4s in one newspaper selected . ra((le$ whether in En/lish$Filipino$ or an. ,ajor re/ional lan/ua/e pulished$ edited and circulated or$ in the asence thereo($ ha'in/

/eneral circulation in the pro'ince or cit.;

*d+ !n all cases$ written notice o( the sale shall e /i'en to the jud/,ent oli/or$ at least three *+ da.se(ore the sale$ e5cept as pro'ided in para/raph *a+ hereo( where notice shall e /i'en the sa,e ,anner as

personal ser'ice o( pleadin/s and other papers as pro'ided . section : o( Rule 12

The notice shall speci(. the place$ date and e5act ti,e o( the sale which should not e earlier than nine ocloc4 in the,ornin/ and not later than two ocloc4 in the a(ternoon2 The place o( the sale ,a. e a/reed upon . the parties2 !n

the asence o( such a/ree,ent$ the sale o( the propert. or personal propert. not capale o( ,anual deli'er. shall eheld in the o((ice o( the cler4 o( court o( the Re/ional Trial ourt or the %unicipal Trial ourt which issued the writ o(

or which was desi/nated . the appellate court2 !n the case o( personal propert. capale o( ,anual deli'er.$ the saleshall e held in the place where the propert. is located2 *1@a+

Se%!n 1'Pro&eedings %here property &laimed 'y third person2 3 !( the propert. le'ied on is clai,ed . an.person other than the jud/,ent oli/or or his a/ent$ and such person ,a4es an a((ida'it o( his title thereto or ri/ht to

the possession thereo($ statin/ the /rounds o( such ri/ht or title$ and ser'es the sa,e upon the o((icer ,a4in/ thele'. and cop. thereo($ statin/ the /rounds o( such ri/ht or tittle$ and a ser'es the sa,e upon the o((icer ,a4in/ thele'. and a cop. thereo( upon the jud/,ent oli/ee$ the o((icer shall not e ound to 4eep the propert.$ unless such

jud/,ent oli/ee$ on de,and o( the o((icer$ (iles a ond appro'ed . the court to inde,nit. the third-part. clai,ant ina su, not less than the 'alue o( the propert. le'ied on2 !n case o( disa/ree,ent as to such 'alue$ the sa,e shall edeter,ined . the court issuin/ the writ o( e5ecution2 &o clai, (or da,a/es (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/ o( the propert.,a. e en(orced a/ainst the ond unless the action there(or is (iled within one hundred twent. *16+ da.s (ro, the

date o( the (ilin/ o( the ond2

The o((icer shall not e liale (or da,a/es (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/ o( the propert.$ to an. third-part. clai,ant i( suchond is (iled2 &othin/ herein contained shall pre'ent such clai,ant or an. third person (ro, 'indicatin/ his clai, to

the propert. in a separate action$ or pre'ent the jud/,ent oli/ee (ro, clai,in/ da,a/es in the sa,e or a separateaction a/ainst a third-part. clai,ant who (iled a (ri'olous or plainl. spurious clai,2


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an. person injured . reason thereo($ in addition to his actual da,a/es$ to e reco'ered . ,otion in the sa,eaction2 *19a+

Se%!n 1'No sale if +udgment and &osts paid2 3 At an. ti,e e(ore the sale o( propert. on e5ecution$ the jud/,entoli/or ,a. pre'ent the sale . pa.in/ the a,ount re?uired . the e5ecution and the costs that ha'e een incurred

therein2 *6a+

Se%!n 19'o% property sold on e2e&ution; %ho may dire&t manner and order of sale2 3 All sales o( propert. undere5ecution ,ust e ,ade at pulic auction$ to the hi/hest idder$ to start at the e5act ti,e (i5ed in the notice2 A(ter

su((icient propert. has een sold to satis(. the e5ecution$ no ,ore shall e sold and an. e5cess propert. or proceedso( the sale shall e pro,ptl. deli'ered to the jud/,ent oli/or or his authoried representati'e$ unless otherwisedirected . the jud/,ent or order o( the court2


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*d+ A state,ent that the ri/ht o( rede,ption e5pires one *1+ .ear (ro, the date o( the re/istration o( thecerti(icate o( sale2

Such certi(icate ,ust e re/istered in the re/istr. o( deeds o( the place where the propert. is situated2 *67 a+

Se%!n 'Certifi&ate of sale %here property &laimed 'y third person2 3


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Se%!n 1'Manner of using premises pending redemption; %aste restrained2 3 Until the e5piration o( the ti,eallowed (or rede,ption$ the court ,a.$ as in other proper cases$ restrain the co,,ission o( waste on the propert. .injunction$ on the application o( the purchaser or the jud/,ent oli/ee$ with or without notice; ut it is not waste (or aperson in possession o( the propert. at the ti,e o( the sale$ or entitled to possession a(terwards$ durin/ the periodallowed (or rede,ption$ to continue to use it in the sa,e ,anner in which it was pre'iousl. used$ or to use it in the

ordinar. course o( husandr.; or to ,a4e the necessar. repairs to uildin/s thereon while he occupies the propert.2*a+

Se%!n 'Rents$ earnings and in&ome of property pending redemption2 3 The purchaser or a rede,ptioner shallnot e entitled to recei'e the rents$ earnin/s and inco,e o( the propert. sold on e5ecution$ or the 'alue o( the use

and occupation thereo( when such propert. is in the possession o( a tenant2 All rents$ earnin/s and inco,e deri'ed(ro, the propert. pendin/ rede,ption shall elon/ to the jud/,ent oli/or until the e5piration o( his period o(

rede,ption2 *8a+

Se%!n '1eed and possession to 'e gi(en at e2piration of redemption period; 'y %hom e2e&uted or gi(en2 3 !(no rede,ption e ,ade within one *1+ .ear (ro, the date o( the re/istration o( the certi(icate o( sale$ the purchaser isentitled to a con'e.ance and possession o( the propert.; or$ i( so redee,ed whene'er si5t. *:+ da.s ha'e elapsedand no other rede,ption has een ,ade$ and notice thereo( /i'en$ and the ti,e (or rede,ption has e5pired$ the lastrede,ptioner is entitled to the con'e.ance and possession; ut in all cases the jud/,ent oli/or shall ha'e the entireperiod o( one *1+ .ear (ro, the date o( the re/istration o( the sale to redee, the propert.2 The deed shall e e5ecuted

. the o((icer ,a4in/ the sale or . his successor in o((ice$ and in the latter case shall ha'e the sa,e 'alidit. as

thou/h the o((icer ,a4in/ the sale had continued in o((ice and e5ecuted it2

Upon the e5piration o( the ri/ht o( rede,ption$ the purchaser or rede,ptioner shall e sustituted to and ac?uire allthe ri/hts$ title$ interest and clai, o( the jud/,ent oli/or to the propert. as o( the ti,e o( the le'.2 The possession o(the propert. shall e /i'en to the purchaser or last rede,ptioner . the sa,e o((icer unless a third part. ad'ersel. to

the jud/,ent oli/or2 *)a+

Se%!n *'Re&o(ery of pri&e if sale not effe&ti(e; re(i(al of +udgment2 3 !( the purchaser o( real propert. sold one5ecution$ or his successor in interest$ (ails to reco'er the possession thereo($ or is e'icted there(ro,$ in

conse?uence o( irre/ularities in the proceedin/s concernin/ the sale$ or ecause the jud/,ent has een re'ersed orset aside$ or ecause the propert. sold was e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution$ or ecause a third person has 'indicated his

clai, to the propert.$ he ,a. on ,otion in the sa,e action or in a separate action reco'er (ro, the jud/,ent oli/eethe price paid$ with interest$ or so ,uch thereo( as has not een deli'ered to the jud/,ent oli/or$ or he ,a.$ on

,otion$ ha'e the ori/inal jud/,ent re'i'ed in his na,e (or the whole price with interest$ or so ,uch thereo( as has

een deli'ered to the jud/,ent oli/or2 The jud/,ent so re'i'ed shall ha'e the sa,e (orce and e((ect as an ori/inaljud/,ent would ha'e as o( the date o( the re'i'al and no ,ore2 *:a+

Se%!n +'Right to &ontri'ution or reim'ursement2 3


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ser'ice o( the order shall ind all credits due the jud/,ent oli/or and all ,one. and propert. o( the jud/,ent oli/orin the possession or in the control o( such person corporation$ or juridical entit. (ro, the ti,e o( ser'ice; and the court

,a. also re?uire notice o( such proceedin/s to e /i'en to an. part. to the action in such ,anner as it ,a. dee,proper2 *9a+

Se%!n 'nfor&ement of attendan&e and &ondu&t of e2amination2 3 A part. or other person ,a. e co,pelled$. an order or supoena$ to attend e(ore the court or co,,issioner to testi(. as pro'ided in the two precedin/

sections$ and upon (ailure to oe. such order or supoena or to e sworn$ or to answer as a witness or to suscriehis deposition$ ,a. e punished (or conte,pt as in other cases2 E5a,inations shall not e undul. prolon/ed$ ut the

proceedin/s ,a. e adjourned (ro, ti,e to ti,e$ until the. are co,pleted2 !( the e5a,ination is e(ore aco,,issioner$ he ,ust ta4e it in writin/ and certi(. it to the court2 All e5a,inations and answers e(ore a court

co,,issioner ,ust e under oath$ and when a corporation or other juridical entit. answers$ it ,ust e on the oath o(an authoried o((icer or a/ent thereo(2 *8a+

Se%!n 9')'ligor may pay e2e&ution against o'ligee2 3 A(ter a writ o( e5ecution a/ainst propert. has een issued$a person indeted to the jud/,ent oli/or ,a. pa. to the sheri(( holdin/ the writ o( e5ecution the a,ount o( his detor so ,uch thereo( as ,a. e necessar. to sati

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Rules of Civil Procedure as Amended

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