RUSSIAN M A R I T I M E REGISTER OF SHIPPING

RULES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION

AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEA-GOING SHIPS

VOLUME

2

Saint-Petersburg Edition 2012

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships of Russian Maritime Register of Shipping have been approved in accordance with the established approval procedure. The date of coming into force of the present Rules is 1 January2012.

The Rules are based on the fourteenth edition (2011) taking into account amendments developed immediately before publication.

The unified requirements, interpretations and recommendations of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) and the relevant resolutions of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have been taken into consideration in the Rules.

The Rules are published in five volumes. General Regulations for the Classification and Other Activity, Part I "Classification", Part I I "Hull", Part I I I

"Equipment, Arrangements and Outfit", Part IV "Stability", Part V "Subdivision", Part V I "Fire Protection" are included in Volume 1.

Part V I I "Machinery Installations", Part V I I I "Systems and Piping", Part IX "Machinery", Part X "Boilers, Heat Exchangers and Pressure Vessels", Part X I "Electrical Equipment", Part X I I "Refrigerating Plants", Part X I I I "Materials", Part XIV "Welding", Part X V "Automation", Part X V I "Hull Structure and Strength of Glass-Reinforced Plastic Ships and Boats" are included in Volume 2.

Part X V I I "Distinguishing Marks and Descriptive Notations in the Class Notation Specifying Structural and Operational Particulars of Ships" is included in Volume 3.

The text of the Rules in the Russian language published in 2011 shall be considered as the original. Part X V I I I "Common Structural Rules for Double Hull Oil Tankers" is included in Volume 4 (in electronic

format). In case of contradictions in the texts the English text shall be considered as the original. Part XIX "Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers" is included in Volume 5 (in electronic format). In case of contradictions in the texts the English text shall be considered as the original.

ISBN 978-5-89331-197-6 , 2012

As compared to the previous edition (2011) the fifteenth edition contains the following amendments.

R U L E S F O R T H E C L A S S I F I C A T I O N AND C O N S T R U C T I O N O F S E A - G O I N G SHIPS

PART V I I . M A C H I N E R Y INSTALLATIONS

1. Chapter 1.1: the application of Part V I I "MachineryInstallations" has been specified considering the requirements for AMSS.

2. Chapter 1.2: has been supplemented with the definition of "AMSS" according to para 1.2.8, Part I I I "Equipment, Arrangements and Outfit".

3. Chapter 5.1: the requirement of para 5.1.5 has been specified. 4. Chapters 7.1 and 7.2: have been amended considering IACS U I SC242 (Jan. 2011). 5. Chapter 10.2: Tables 10.2-1 and 10.2-4 have been amended.

P A R T V I I I . S Y S T E M S AND P I P I N G

1. Chapter 1.2: has been supplemented with the definition of "Bottom and side fittings". 2. Chapter 1.4: para 1.4.6.1 has been amended considering IACS UR S27 (Rev. 5, May2010). 3. Section 3: paras 3.1.1 and 3.3.1.2 have been amended considering Amendments to the Guidelines for the

Application of Plastic Pipes on Ships (IMO resolution MSC.313(88)). 4. Chapter 4.3: the requirement of para 4.3.2.1 has been specified. 5. Chapter 5.1: the requirements of paras 5.1.2 and 5.1.3 have been specified. 6. Chapter 7.1: the requirements of para 7.1.9 have been specified for bilge systems of berth-connected ships not

provided with a propulsion plant and without shore power supply; has been supplemented with a new para 7.1.11 requiring instruments to measure bilge pump pressure. 7. Chapter 7.6: para 7.6.12.1 has been amended considering IACS U I SC81 (Rev. 1, Feb. 2010); para 7.6.12.3 has been supplemented with the requirements for protection of drain openings in cargo holds fitted

with pressure water-spraying systems considering IMO MSC.1/Circ.132; has been supplemented with a new para 7.6.15 the requirement of which has been partiallytransferred from para 7.9.9. 8. Chapter 7.9: the requirement of para 7.9.9 has been partiallytransferred to a new para 7.6.15. 9. Chapter 9.10: para 9.10.3.2 has been supplemented with a reference to para 19.2.3, Part X I "Electrical

Equipment" considering IACS UR F44 (Rev. 2, Oct. 2010). 10. Chapter 9.14: has been supplemented with a new para 9.14.6 specifying the requirements for fixed

hydrocarbon gas detection systems in double-hull spaces of oil tankers of 20000 t deadweight and above considering IMO resolution MSC.291(87), IMO MSC.1/Circ.1370 and Amendments to the International Code for Fire Safety Systems adopted by IMO resolution MSC.292(87).

11. Chapters 12.2 and 12.3: paras 12.2.2, 12.2.7 and 12.3.4.2 have been amended considering IMO resolution MSC.269(85).

12. Chapter 12.7: has been supplemented with new paras 12.7.10 and 12.7.11 considering IACS U I SC89 (Rev. 3, Feb. 2011).

13. Chapter 12.10: has been supplemented with a new para 12.10.11 considering IACS UI SC240 (Oct. 2010). 14. Editorial amendments have been made.

P A R T IX. M A C H I N E R Y

1. Chapter 2.4: para 2.4.6.1 has been supplemented with a requirement to agree the alternative calculation procedure for the stress concentration factor with the use of the finite-element method with the Register considering IACS UR M53 (Rev. 2, Jan. 2011).

2. Chapter 6.2: has been supplemented with a reference to Section 7, Part V I I "MachineryInstallations" as regards the requirements for the AMSS turning or thrust angle changing mechanisms.

3. Chapter 6.3: para 6.3.5.1 has been amended considering IACS UR S27 (Rev. 5, May2010).

P A R T X. B O I L E R S , H E A T E X C H A N G E R S AND P R E S S U R E V E S S E L S

1. Chapter 4.4: the requirement of para 4.4.2 has been specified.

PART X I . E L E C T R I C A L E Q U I P M E N T

1. Chapter 2.2: has been amended considering IEC 60533. 2. Chapter 2.3: has been supplemented with a requirement to prohibit asbestos as a structural and insulating material. 3. Section 5: has been amended considering IACS UR SC179 (Rev. 2, Mar. 2011). 4. Chapter 6.9: has been amended considering IMO resolution A.1023(26). 5. Chapter 7.2: the requirements for internal service communication have been specified. 6. Chapter 7.3: has been amended considering IMO resolution MSC.292(87). 7. Chapter 7.5: has been amended considering IMO resolution MSC.311(88). 8. Chapter 7.11: has been amended considering IMO resolution MSC.292(87) and IMO MSC.1/Circ.1370. 9. Chapter 19.1: has been amended considering IMO resolution MSC.311(88). 10. Chapter 19.2: has been amended considering IACS U I SC70 (Rev. 3, Oct. 2010);

para 19.2.1 has been supplemented with a reference to IEC 60092-502 "Electrical Installations in Ships Tankers Special Features".

PART X I I . R E F R I G E R A T I N G PLANTS

1. Editorial amendments have been made.

PART X I I I . M A T E R I A L S

1. Chapter 2.2: has been supplemented with a new para 2.2.10 specifying additional requirements for testing of materials intended for use at low temperatures.

2. Chapter 3.2: has been amended considering IACS UR W11 (Corr. 1, Feb. 2009). 3. Chapter 3.5: has been completelyamended considering the scientific research RS-18/2009/348-09; the

requirements for materials intended for use at design temperatures below 30 C have been specified. 4. Chapter 3.16: has been supplemented with a new para 3.16.1.2 considering IMO resolution MSC.289(87). 5. Chapter 6.5: has been supplemented with a new para 6.5.1.2 considering IMO resolution MSC.298(87). 6. Chapter 7.2: has been completelyamended considering IACS UR W22 (Rev. 5, Dec. 2009); the requirements

for new grades of mooring chains have been specified. 7. Editorial amendments have been made.

PART XIV. W E L D I N G

1. Section 6: the requirements for approval of welding procedures for welding of steel structures and products considering IACS UR W28, as well as the latest editions of international standards ISO 4063, ISO 4136, ISO 5173, ISO 5178, ISO 5817, ISO 9015-1, ISO 9016, ISO 9017, ISO 14175, ISO/TR 15608, ISO 15612, ISO 15613, ISO 15614-1 have been transferred to Section 6, Part I I I "Technical Supervision during Manufacture of Materials" of Rules for Technical Supervision during Construction of Ships and Manufacture of Materials and Products for Ships; para 6.1.1 has been supplemented with a relevant reference.

P A R T X V . A U T O M A T I O N

1. Paras 4.2.1 and 5.2.1: have been amended to specifythe requirements for the automation scope as regards obligation to provide remote automated control of the main machineryand/or propellers from the navigation bridge.

2. Section 7: has been amended considering IACS UR E22 (Rev. 1, Sept. 2010).

P A R T X V I . H U L L S T R U C T U R E AND S T R E N G T H O F G L A S S R E I N F O R C E D P L A S T I C S H I P S AND B O A T S

No amendments have been introduced.

CONTENTS

R U L E S F O R T H E C L A S S I F I C A T I O N AND C O N S T R U C T I O N O F S E A - G O I N G SHIPS

P A R T V I I . M A C H I N E R Y I N S T A L L A T I O N S

1 General 15 1.1 Application 15 1.2 Definitions and explanations 15 1.3 Scope of surveys 16 2 G e n e r a l requirements 18 2.1 Powerof main machinery 18 2.2 Numberof main boilers 19 2.3 Environmental conditions 19 2.4 Materials and welding 20 2.5 Indicating instruments 20 2.6 Application of the reliability measures

of the machinery installations 20 3 Control devices and stations. Means of

communication 21 3.1 Control devices 21 3.2 Control stations 21 3.3 Means of communication 23 4 Machinery spaces, arrangement of machinery

and equipment 24 4.1 General 24 4.2 Arrangement of machinery and equipment 24 4.3 Arrangement of fuel oil tanks 24 4.4 Installation of machinery and equipment. 25 4.5 Means of escape from machinery spaces . 25 4.6 Insulation of heated surfaces 27 5 Shafting 27 5.1 General 27 5.2 Construction and diameters of shafts . . 27 5.3 Shaft couplings 29 5.4 Keyless fitting of propellers and shaft

couplings 30 5.5 Arrangement of shafting supports 32 5.6 Shaft bearings 32 5.7 Sterntube sealing arrangements 32 5.8 Braking devices 33 5.9 Hydraulic tests 33 6 Propellers 33 6.1 General 33 6.2 Blade thickness 33 6.3 Propeller boss and blade fastening parts . 35 6.4 Propeller balancing 35 6.5 Controllable pitch propellers 36 6.6 Hydraulic tests 36 7 Active means of the ship's steering . . . . 36 7.1 General 36 7.2 Construction requirements 37 7.3 Alarms 38 7.4 Hydraulic tests 39

8 Torsional vibration 39 8.1 General 39 8.2 Permissible stresses for crankshafts 40 8.3 Permissible stresses for intermediate, thrust,

propeller shafts and generator shafts . . . 40 8.4 Permissible torque in reduction gear 41 8.5 Permissible torque and temperature

of flexible couplings 41 8.6 Otherinstallation components 41 8.7 Torsional vibration measurement 42 8.8 Restricted speed ranges 42 9 Vibration of machinery and equipment.

Vibration standards 43 9.1 General 43 9.2 Standardized vibration parameters . . . . 43 9.3 Vibration standards for internal

combustion engines 44 9.4 Vibration standards for main geared

turbines and thrust bearings 44 9.5 Vibration standards for auxiliary machinery

of rotary type 46 9.6 Vibration standards for piston air

compressors 52 9.7 Vibration standards for boilers and heat

exchangers 52 9.8 Vibration standards for geared gas turbines. 52 10 Spare parts 55 10.1 General 55 10.2 Required minimum of spare parts 56 11 Machinery technical condition monitoring

systems 60 11.1 General 60 11.2 Control items and parameters 60 11.3 General requirements for technical condition

monitoring systems 60 11.4 Technical documentation 61 11.5 Requirements for working lubricating oil

parameters 61 11.6 Requirements for control of the diesel

engine working process parameters 61 11.7 Requirements forcontrol of wearparameters

of the engine cylinderand piston assembly. . 62 11.8 Requirements for control of vibration

parameters 62 11.9 Requirements for control of the shock

pulse 63 11.10 Requirements for the trend analysis of the

diagnostic parameters and for the technical condition prediction 63

6 Contents

12 Qualitative failure analysis for propulsion 6 Ship's hoses 91 and steering on passenger ships 64 6.1 Construction of hoses 91

12.1 Scope of application 64 6.2 Testing of hoses 92 12.2 Systems to be considered 64 7 Bilge system 93 12.3 Failure criteria 64 7.1 Pumps 93 12.4 Verification of solutions 64 7.2 Piping diameters 94

7.3 Piping laying 95 7.4 Drainage of machinery spaces 96

P A R T V I I I . S Y S T E M S AND P I P I N G 7.5 Drainage of tunnels 97 7.6 Drainage of cargo spaces 97 7.7 Drainage of cargo pump spaces of

1 General 66 oil tankers 98 1.1 Application 66 7.8 Drainage of refrigerated cargo spaces . . . 98 1.2 Definitions and explanations 66 7.9 Drainage of forward spaces of bulk 1.3 Scope of surveys 66 carriers 99 1.4 Protection and insulation of piping . . . 67 7.10 Drainage of cofferdams 99 1.5 Welding and non-destructive testing 7.11 Fore and aft peak drainage 99

of welds 71 7.12 Drainage of other spaces 100 2 M e t a l piping 71 7.13 Drainage of floating dock compartments 100 2.1 Material, manufacture and application. . 71 7.14 Drainage of spaces intended for 2.2 Radii of pipe bends, heat treatment after the carriage of dangerous goods 100

bending 72 8 Ballast, heel and trim systems 101 2.3 Metal pipe wall thickness 72 8.1 Pumps 101 2.4 Pipe joints 74 8.2 Piping diameters 101 2.5 Flexible hoses 78 8.3 Piping laying 101 3 Plastic piping 81 8.4 Ballast system of floating docks 101 3.1 Definitions 81 8.5 Heel and trim systems 101 3.2 Scope of application. General requirements. 81 8.6 Ballast system of bulk carriers 101 3.3 Requirements for piping depending 8.7 Ballast systems forballast water

on theirpurpose and location 81 exchange at sea 102 3.4 Installation requirements 83 9 System special to tankers and combination 3.5 Plastic pipes joints 83 carriers 103 3.6 Plastic piping laying 84 9.1 Application 103 3.7 Inspection during the installation 84 9.2 General requirements for piping 3.8 Testing of piping afterinstallation aboard incargoarea 103

theship 84 9.3 Cargo oil system 103 4 Valves 85 9.4 Cargopumps 104 4.1 Construction, marking, arrangement 9.5 Bow and aft loading system 104

and installation of valves 85 9.6 Cargo heating system 105 4.2 Filters 85 9.7 Venting system 105 4.3 Sea chests and ice boxes. Bottom 9.8 Purging and gas freeing of cargo tanks . 106

and side valves. Openings in shell plating . 85 9.9 Cargo vapour discharge system 106 4.4 Ai rp ipe automatic closing devices 87 9.10 Ship service systems in cargo area 107 5 Piping laying 88 9.11 Level and overflow control of cargo 5.1 Piping laying through watertight and tanks 108

fire-proof divisions 88 9.12 Cargo tank washing system 109 5.2 Piping laying in tanks 88 9.13 Static electricity protection 110 5.3 Piping laying in cargo holds and other 9.14 Monitoring the composition of atmosphere

spaces 89 incargoarea 110 5.4 Piping laying in refrigerated cargo spaces . . 89 9.15 Oil recovery system of oil recovery 5.5 Piping laying in the vicinity of electrical ships 111

and radio equipment 89 9.16 Inert gas system 111 5.6 Piping laying in unattended machinery 10 Air, overflow and sounding piping . . . . 117

spaces 90 10.1 Airpipes 117 5.7 Piping laying in ships with twin hulls . . 90 10.2 Overflow pipes 118 5.8 Pipelines with electric heating 90 10.3 Overflow tanks 118

Contents 7

10.4 Sounding arrangements 119 11 Exhaust gas system 120 11.1 Exhaust gas piping 120 11.2 Silencers and spark arresters 120 12Ventilation system 121 12.1 Ventilation ducts, heads and

airinlets 121 12.2 Ventilation systems of cargo ships of

500 gross tonnage and upwards, oil tankers and combination carriers carrying petroleum products with flash point 60 C and more, passenger ships carrying no more than 36 passengers, special purpose ships carrying no more than 240 persons and berth-connected ships 121

12.3 Ventilation systems of passengerships carrying more than 36 passengers and special purpose ships carrying more than 240 persons 124

12.4 Ventilation systems of oil tankers and combination carriers carrying crude oil and petroleum products with flash point 60 C and below 124

12.5 Ventilation of machinery spaces and tunnels 125

12.6 Ventilation of special category spaces, cargo spaces intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in theirtanks and closed ro-ro cargo spaces 126

12.7 Ventilation of cargo spaces adapted for the carriage of dangerous goods 126

12.8 Ventilation of refrigerated cargo spaces . . 127 12.9 Ventilation of fire extinguishing stations . . 127 12.10 Ventilation of accumulator battery rooms

and boxes 127 12.11 Ventilation of hangars for helicopters . . 128 12.12 Ventilation of spaces in oil recovery

ships 128 12.13 Ventilation of spaces intended forinert

gas equipment 129 13 Fuel oil system 129 13.1 Pumps 129 13.2 Piping laying 129 13.3 Heating arrangements of fuel oil 129 13.4 Drainage arrangements of fuel oil tanks . 130 13.5 Arrangements for collection of leakage fuel. 130 13.6 Filling of storage tanks 130 13.7 Fuel oil tanks 130 13.8 Fuel oil supply to internal combustion

engines 131 13.9 Fuel oil supply to boilers 132 13.10 Fuel oil supply to gas turbines 133 13.11 Use of crude oil or slops as fuel for tanker

boilers 133 13.12 Application of natural gas (methane)

as fuel 135

13.13 Fuel oil systems forhelicopters 136 13.14 Liquified gas system fordomestic needs. 136 13.15 Fuel oil supply system forgalley equipment 137 14 Lubricating oil system 138 14.1 Lubricating oil pumps of internal combustion

engines, gears and couplings 138 14.2 Lubricating oil supply to internal

combustion engines and gears 138 14.3 Lubricating oil pumps of steam turbines

and gears 139 14.4 Lubricating oil supply to steam turbines

and gears 139 14.5 Lubricating oil tanks 139 14.6 Arrangements for collection of leakage

lubricating oil 140 14.7 Lubricating oil supply to gas turbines . . 140 15 Water cooling system 140 15.1 Pumps 140 15.2 Piping laying 141 15.3 Cooling waterfilters 141 15.4 Cooling of internal combustion engines . . 141 15.5 Cooling of gas turbine installations . . . 141 15.6 Keel cooling systems 141 16 Compressed air system 142 16.1 Numberand capacity of starting air

receivers 142 16.2 Compressors 143 16.3 Piping laying 143 17 Feed water system 144 17.1 Pumps 144 17.2 Piping laying 144 17.3 Tanks 144 18 Steam and blow-off systems 144 18.1 Piping laying 144 18.2 Blow-off arrangements of steam lines . . 145 18.3 Calculation of steam pipes forthermal

expansion 145 19 Condenser installations 146 19.1 General 146 19.2 Pumps 146 19.3 Piping laying 147 19.4 Instrumentation 147 20 Thermal liquid systems 147 20.1 Definitions 147 20.2 Requirements for thermal liquid 147 20.3 Thermal liquid circulation system 147 20.4 Expansion tank 148 20.5 Storage and drain tanks 148 20.6 Piping and valves 148 20.7 Airpipes 149 20.8 Arrangements for collecting of thermal

liquid leakages 149 20.9 Thermal liquid boilers 149 20.10 Insulation 149 20.11 Heating of liquid cargoes 149 20.12 Thermal liquid system piping testing . . 149

8 Contents

21 Tests 150 21.1 Hydraulic tests of valves 150 21.2 Hydraulic tests of piping 150 21.3 Testing of devices to prevent the passage

of flame into cargo tanks in oil tankers 150

21.4 Testing of airpipe automatic closing devices 150

21.5 Testing of plastic pipes 151

P A R T IX. M A C H I N E R Y

1 General 152 1.1 Application 152 1.2 Scope of surveys 152 1.3 Hydraulic tests 156 1.4 Operation tests 157 1.5 General technical requirements 157 1.6 Materials and welding 157 2 I n t e r n a l combustion engines 158 2.1 General provisions 158 2.2 General requirements 158 2.3 Engine frame 159 2.4 Crankshafts 161 2.5 Scavenging and supercharging 167 2.6 Fuel system 168 2.7 Lubrication 168 2.8 Cooling 168 2.9 Starting arrangements 168 2.10 Exhaust arrangements 169 2.11 Control, protection and regulation 169 2.12 Instruments and alarm devices 170 2.13 Torsional vibration damper. Antivibrator . 171 3 Steam turbines 171 3.1 General 171 3.2 Rotor 171 3.3 Casing 172 3.4 Bearings 172 3.5 Suction, gland-sealing and blowing

systems 172 3.6 Control, protection and regulation 172 3.7 Instrumentation 173 4 Gears, disengaging and elastic couplings . 174 4.1 General 174 4.2 Gearing 174 4.3 Elastic and disengaging couplings 188 4.4 Turning gear 189 5 Auxiliary machinery 189 5.1 Power-driven air compressors 189 5.2 Pumps 190 5.3 Fans, blowers and turbochargers 191 5.4 Centrifugal separators 192 5.5 Natural gas (methane) compressors . . . 192 6 Deck machinery 192 6.1 General 192

6.2 Steering gear 193 6.3 Anchormachinery 195 6.4 Mooring machinery 198 6.5 Towing winches 199 7 Hydraulic drives 200 7.1 General 200 7.2 Strength calculation 200 7.3 Safety and other arrangements 200 8 Gas turbines 201 8.1 General 201 8.2 Gas turbine rotors 203 8.3 Gas turbine casings 203 8.4 Gas turbine bearings 204 8.5 Combustion chambers 204 8.6 Heat exchangers 204 8.7 Control, protection and regulation . . . 204 8.8 Instrumentation 205 8.9 Waste-heat circuit of gas turbine 206 8.10 Natural gas fired turbines 206 9 Dual-fuel internal combustion engines . . 207 9.1 General 207 9.2 Conditions of operation on two kinds

of fuel 207 9.3 Crankcase protection 207 9.4 Protection of sub-bearing spaces

of the cross-head type DF-engines 207 9.5 Intake and exhaust gas systems 207 9.6 Starting air piping 207 9.7 Combustion control 207 9.8 Gas fuel supply 208 9.9 Gas fuel supply cut-off 208

P A R T X. B O I L E R S , H E A T E X C H A N G E R S AND P R E S S U R E V E S S E L S

1 General 209 1.1 Application 209 1.2 Definitions and explanations 209 1.3 Scope of surveys 209 1.4 Materials 211 1.5 Welding 212 1.6 Heat treatment 212 1.7 Tests 212 1.8 Boiler rooms and spare parts 212 2 S t r e n g t h calculations 213 2.1 General 213 2.2 Cylindrical and spherical elements and

tubes 219 2.3 Conical elements 220 2.4 Flat walls, end plates and covers 222 2.5 Tube plates 224 2.6 Dished ends 225 2.7 Flanged end plates 226 2.8 Headers of rectangular section 226

Contents 9

2.9 Reinforcement of openings in cylindrical, spherical, conical walls and in dished ends 227

2.10 Stays 230 2.11 Top girders 231 3 Boilers 232 3.1 General 232 3.2 Construction requirements 232 3.3 Valves and gauges 233 3.4 Incinerator boilers 237 3.5 Thermal liquid boilers 237 4 Controls, governors, protective devices

and alarms for boilers 238 4.1 General 238 4.2 Governors and controls 238 4.3 Protective devices 238 4.4 Alarms 238 5 Oil burner units of boilers 239 5.1 General 239 5.2 Burners 239 5.3 Automatic burner units 239 6 Heat exchangers and pressure vessels . . . 240 6.1 General 240 6.2 Construction requirements 240 6.3 Valves and gauges 240 6.4 Special requirements for heat exchangers

and pressure vessels 241 7 Strength characteristics of boiler s t e e l . . . 243 7.1 Loweryield stress as a function of

design temperature, MPa 243 7.2 Average stress to produce rupture in

100 000 hours as a function of design temperature, MPa 243

A p p e n d i x . Typical examples of allowable welded joints for boilers, heat exchangers and pressure vessels 244

P A R T X I . E L E C T R I C A L E Q U I P M E N T

1 General 253 1.1 Application 253 1.2 Definitions and explanations 253 1.3 Scope of surveys 254 1.4 Technical documentation 254 2 G e n e r a l requirements 256 2.1 Operating conditions 256 2.2 Electromagnetic compatibility 257 2.3 Materials 259 2.4 Structural requirements and protection of

electrical equipment 259 2.5 Protective earthing of metal parts, which do

notcarrycurrent 260 2.6 Lightning protection 262 2.7 Arrangement of electrical equipment . . . 263

2.8 Special electrical spaces 263 2.9 Safe-type electrical equipment 264 2.10 Antistatic earthing 265 2.11 Arrangements and systems for insulation

resistance monitoring 266 3 Main electrical power source 266 3.1 Composition and capacity of main

electrical power source 266 3.2 Generator sets 267 3.3 Number and capacity of transformers. . 268 3.4 Power supply from an external source of

electrical power 268 3.5 Connection ofelectrical power supply units. 268 4 Distribution of electrical power 269 4.1 Distribution systems 269 4.2 Permissible voltage 269 4.3 Powersupply of essential services 270 4.4 Power supply of electrical (electronic)

automation systems 271 4.5 Power supply to integrated bridge control

console 271 4.6 Switchboard and switchgear 271 5 Electric drives for shipboard mechanisms

and equipment 276 5.1 General 276 5.2 Interlocking of machinery operation. . . 276 5.3 Safety isolation devices 276 5.4 Switchgearand control gear 276 5.5 Electric drives and control of steering

gear 277 5.6 Electric drives of anchor and mooring

machinery 278 5.7 Electric drives of pumps 278 5.8 Electric drives of fans 279 5.9 Electric drives of boat winches 279 5.10 Electric drives of watertight and fire doors . 279 5.11 Electric drives for oil burner units of boilers

and incinerators 280 5.12 Electric drives of dewatering arrangements

of forward spaces of bulk carriers 280 6 Lighting 280 6.1 General 280 6.2 Powersupply of main lighting electric

circuits 280 6.3 Emergency lighting 281 6.4 Switches in lighting circuits 281 6.5 Gas discharge lamp installations 281 6.6 Socket outlets 282 6.7 Illumination 282 6.8 Navigation lights 283 6.9 Lighting and illumination means

of helidecks 283 7 Internal communication and signalling . . 284 7.1 Electric engine room telegraphs 284 7.2 Internal service communication 284 7.3 Signalling. General 285

10 Contents

7.4 General alarm system 286 7.5 Fire detection and fire alarm system . . . 286 7.6 Release indication of fire smothering system. 289 7.7 Indication of closing of watertight and fire

doors 289 7.8 Sound signals in engineers'

accommodation spaces 289 7.9 Personnel alarm 289 7.10 Cargo hold water level alarm system

on bulk carriers, passenger ships carrying 36 persons and more and single-hold cargo ships other than bulk carriers . . . 290

7.11 Alarm of ultimate concentration of dangerously explosive and noxious gases . . 290

7.12 Indication of door position in ro-ro passenger ships and ro-ro cargo ships . . 291

7.13 Release indication of fixed local application fire extinguishing system . . . 292

7.14 Television surveillance and indication system 292

7.15 Sewage holding tanks level alarm 293 8 Protective devices 293 8.1 General 293 8.2 Protection of generators 294 8.3 Protection of electric motors 295 8.4 Steering gear protection 295 8.5 Protection of transformers 295 8.6 Protection of accumulator batteries . . . 296 8.7 Protection of pilot lamps, voltmeters,

capacitors and voltage coils 296 8.8 Protection of powersemiconductorunits. . 296 8.9 Residual-current devices (RCD) 296 9 Emergency electrical installations 297 9.1 General 297 9.2 Spaces of emergency sources of electrical

power 297 9.3 Emergency sources of electrical power in

cargo ships 298 9.4 Distribution of electrical power from

emergency sources 299 9.5 Starting arrangements for emergency

diesel generators 299 9.6 Alarm system and protection of emergency

diesel generator drives 300 9.7 Uninterruptible power system (UPS). . . 300 10 Electrical machines 301 10.1 General 301 10.2 Slip rings, commutators and brushes . . . 301 10.3 Bearings 301 10.4 Temperature detectors 302 10.5 Overcurrent 302 10.6 Alternating-current generators 302 10.7 Direct-current generators 303 10.8 Electromagnetic brakes 303 11 Transformers 303 11.1 General 303

11.2 Overload, voltage variation and operation in parallel 303

1 2 P o w e r semiconductor units 304 12.1 General 304 12.2 Permissible parameters of voltage

distortion 304 12.3 Control and signalling systems 304 12.4 Measuring instruments 304 13 Accumulator batteries 305 13.1 General 305 13.2 Arrangement of accumulator batteries. . 305 13.3 Heating 306 13.4 Ventilation 306 13.5 Charging of accumulator batteries 306 13.6 Installation of electrical equipment in

battery compartments 306 13.7 Electrical starters for internal

combustion engines 306 14 Electrical apparatus and accessories . . . 307 14.1 Electrical apparatus 307 14.2 Electrical accessories 307 15 Electrical cooking and heating appliances. 308 15.1 General 308 15.2 Heating appliances 308 15.3 Oil, fuel and waterheaters 309 15.4 Systems utilising heating cables 309 16 Cables and wires 310 16.1 General 310 16.2 Cable conductors 310 16.3 Insulating materials 310 16.4 Cable sheathing 310 16.5 Protective coverings 311 16.6 Marking 311 16.7 Hookup wires 311 16.8 Cabling 311 17 Electric propulsion plants 318 17.1 General 318 17.2 Definitions and explanations 319 17.3 Configuration of electric propulsion

plants 319 17.4 Excitation systems 320 17.5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . 320 17.6 Prime movers of electric propulsion

plant generators 320 17.7 Electric propulsion plant generators . . . 321 17.8 Electric propulsion plant switchboards . 321 17.9 Electric propulsion plant power

transformers 321 17.10 Electric propulsion plant semiconductor

converters 322 17.11 Harmonic filtering 322 17.12 Electric propulsion motors 323 17.13 Special requirements for podded drives . 323 17.14 Electric propulsion plants control

systems 325 17.15 Electric couplings 326

Contents 11

18 Additional requirements for electrical equipment designed for a voltage in excess of 1000 V up to 15 kV 329

18.1 General 329 18.2 System design 329 18.3 Electrical machines 331 18.4 Power transformers 331 18.5 Cables 332 18.6 Switchgearand controlgearassemblies . . 332 18.7 Installation 333 19 Requirements for electrical equipment

proceeding from ship purpose 334 19.1 Passengerships 334 19.2 Oil tankers and oil recovery ships 337 19.3 Ships intended for carriage of motor

vehicles with fuel in theirtanks fortheir propulsion 340

19.4 Special purpose ships 341 19.5 Containerships 342 19.6 Catamarans 343 19.7 Floating cranes and crane ships 343 19.8 Floating docks 343 19.9 Berth-connected ships 347 19.10 Fishing vessels 347 19.11 Ships carrying dangerous goods 348 20 Requirements for electrical equipment of

refrigerating plants 351 20.1 General 351 20.2 Powersupply and switching 351 20.3 Ventilation 351 20.4 Lighting 351 21 Spare parts 352

P A R T X I I . R E F R I G E R A T I N G P L A N T S

1 General 353 1.1 Application 353 1.2 Definitions and explanations 353 1.3 Scope of surveys and technical

documentation 353 2 G e n e r a l technical requirements 354 2.1 General 354 2.2 Refrigerants and design pressure 354 2.3 Composition and capacity of the

refrigerating equipment 354 2.4 Materials 355 2.5 Electrical equipment 355 3 Spaces for refrigerating plants

and refrigerated cargo spaces 356 3.1 Refrigerating machinery spaces 356 3.2 Refrigerant storerooms 356 3.3 Refrigerated cargo spaces 357 3.4 Freezing and cooling apparatus 357 3.5 Spaces containing process equipment. . . 358

4 Machinery 358 4.1 Compressors 358 4.2 Pumps 358 4.3 Fans 358 5 Heat exchangers, pressure vessels and

cooling arrangements 358 5.1 Heat exchangers and pressure

vessels 358 5.2 Air coolers, cooling grids 359 6 Valves and piping 359 6.1 Valves 359 6.2 Piping 359 7 Indicating and measuring instruments.

Control, protection, regulation and alarm . . 360 7.1 Indicating and measuring instruments. . 360 7.2 Control, protection, regulation and alarm. 360 8 Insulation 361 8.1 Insulation of the refrigerated spaces . . . 361 8.2 Insulation of piping 362 9 Refrigerating plants designed for cooling

of cargo in thermal containers 362 9.1 General provisions and technical

requirements 362 10 Atmosphere control system 362 10.1 General provisions and technical

requirements 362 11 Refrigerating plants designed for cooling

of liquified gas 363 11.1 General 363 1 2 T e s t s 363 12.1 Tests at the manufacturer's 363 12.2 Testing of refrigerating plant on board . 363 12.3 Testing of refrigerating plants

with atmosphere control 364 13 Spare parts 364 13.1 General 364 13.2 Required minimum of spare parts 364 14 Refrigerating plants with absorption

lithium bromide refrigerating machines . 365 14.1 General 365

P A R T X I I I . M A T E R I A L S

1 General 366 1.1 Application 366 1.2 Definitions and explanations 366 1.3 Survey 367 1.4 Marking and documentation 369 1.5 Laboratories engaged in testing 370 2 P r o c e d u r e s of testing 371 2.1 General 371 2.2 Testing procedures for metals 371 2.3 Procedures of testing non-metallic

materials 379 2.4 Weldability test 384

12 Contents

3 Steel and cast iron 385 3.1 General 385 3.2 Hul l structural steel 385 3.3 Steel for boilers, heat exchangers and

pressure vessels 396 3.4 Steel tubes and pipes 397 3.5 Steel for structures used at low

temperatures 398 3.6 Steel forchain cables and accessories . . 402 3.7 Steel forgings 404 3.8 Steel castings 410 3.9 Spheroidal or nodular graphite iron

castings 413 3.10 Grey iron castings 415 3.11 Malleable cast iron 416 3.12 Steel castings for propellers 416 3.13 High strength steel for welded structures . 420 3.14 Z-steel 422 3.15 Wire ropes 424 3.16 Stainless steel 425 3.17 Clad steel 430 4 Copper and copper-base alloys 436 4.1 Semi-finished products of copper and

copper-base alloys 436 4.2 Propeller castings 436 5 Aluminium alloys 444 5.1 Wrought aluminium alloys 444 5.2 Cast aluminium alloys 449 6 Plastics and materials of organic origin . . 451 6.1 General 451 6.2 Materials for reinforced plastic structures. . 452 6.3 Laminated textiles 453 6.4 Foam plastics 454 6.5 Protective coatings 454 6.6 Ropes of natural and synthetic fibre . . . 455 6.7 Retro-reflective materials for life-saving

appliances 456 6.8 Plastic pipes and fittings 457 7 Anchor and mooring chain cables 458 7.1 Anchorchain cables and accessories . . . 458 7.2 Mooring chain and accessories 463 8 Requirements for manufacture

of anchors 475 8.1 General 475 8.2 Materials 475 8.3 Manufacture of anchors 476 8.4 Testing and issue of documents 477

P A R T X I V . W E L D I N G

1 General 479 1.1 Application 479 1.2 Definitions and explanations 479 1.3 General 479

1.4 Scope of surveys 479 1.5 Technical documentation 479 2Techno log ica l requirements

for welding 480 2.1 General 480 2.2 Welding of ship hull and equipment. . . 481 2.3 Welding in ship machinery construction . 483 2.4 Welding of steam boilers and pressure

vessels 484 2.5 Welding of pipelines 484 2.6 Welding of castings and forgings 485 2.7 Welding of cast iron 485 2.8 Welding of clad steels 485 2.9 Brazing 486 2.10 Welding of aluminium and its alloys . . 486 2.11 Welding of copperand copperalloys, heavy

metals and other non-ferrous metals. . . 486 2.12 Welding of high strength steels 486 3 Testing of welded joints 487 3.1 General 487 3.2 Scope of non-destructive testing 490 3.3 Assessment of welded joint quality in hull

structural steel 492 3.4 Assessment of welded joint quality in

aluminium alloy hull structures 494 4 Welding consumables 495 4.1 General 495 4.2 Welding consumables for hull structural

steel 498 4.3 Welding consumables forboilersteel . . 513 4.4 Welding consumables forwelding of

steel intended for machinery, arrangements, outfit, equipment and piping 514

4.5 Welding consumables for hull structural steels intended for low temperature service . 514

4.6 Welding consumables forhigh strength steels 515

4.7 Welding consumables foraluminium alloys 516

4.8 Welding consumables forwelding of corrosion-resistant (stainless) steel and forsurfacing 521

5 Approval test for welders 532 5.1 General 532 5.2 Requirements for procedure for carrying

out and organization of welders' certification 532

5.3 Definitions, terms and symbols used in approval test for welders 533

5.4 Procedure for approval tests for welders. 536 5.5 Range of approval 540 5.6 Issue, terms of validity and extension

of WelderApproval Test Certificate. . . 545 6 Approval of welding procedures for welding

of steel structures and products 547 6.1 General 547

Contents 13

7 Approval of welding procedures for aluminium alloys 547

7.1 General 547 7.2 Definitions, terms and symbols 547 7.3 Test assemblies types and test methods. . 549 7.4 Requirements for test assemblies examination,

test specimens machining and test results assessment criteria 552

7.5 Range of approval of welding procedures as pertest results 554

P A R T X V . A U T O M A T I O N

1 General 558 1.1 Application 558 1.2 Definitions and explanations 558 1.3 Scope of surveys 558 1.4 Technical documentation 559 2 D e s i g n of automation systems, automation

components and control devices 559 2.1 General 559 2.2 Requirements to components and devices 560 2.3 Automated control systems 561 2.4 Alarm and monitoring, safety, indication

and logging systems 561 3 Power supply of automation systems . . . 564 3.1 General 564 4 Ships with AUT1 in class notation . . . . 565 4.1 General 565 4.2 Automated main machinery

and propellers 565 4.3 Automated boilerplants 570 4.4 Automated electric power plants 571 4.5 Automated compressor plants 571 4.6 Automated pumping units 574 4.7 Automated bilge pumping of machinery

spaces 574 4.8 Automated refrigerating plants 574 4.9 Equipment arrangement on the bridge . . 574 4.10 Equipment arrangement in machinery

spaces 574 4.11 Devices in engineers' accommodation . . 575 5 Ships with AUT2in class notation . . . . 576 5.1 General 576 5.2 Equipment arrangement on the bridge . . 576 5.3 Equipment arrangement in machinery

spaces 576 5.4 Electric power plants 576 5.5 Bilge systems of machinery spaces . . . . 576 6 Ships with AUT3 in class notation 577 6.1 General 577 6.2 Equipment arrangement on the bridge . . 578 6.3 Equipment arrangement in machinery

spaces 578 6.4 Devices in engineers' accommodation . . 578

7 Computers and computer-based systems 579

7.1 Application 579 7.2 Definitions and explanations 579 7.3 General requirements for the design

of computersystems used forcontrol and monitoring 579

7.4 Hardware requirements 580 7.5 Software requirements 580 7.6 System configuration requirements . . . 580 7.7 Userinterface 581 7.8 Training 581 7.9 Testing 582 7.10 Programmable electronic systems . . . . 582 8 Dynamic positioning systems 586 8.1 Application and marks in class notation. 586 8.2 Definitions and explanations 586 8.3 Scope of surveys 587 8.4 Technical documentation 587 8.5 Design of the DP-system, classes . . . . 587 8.6 Electric power plant system 588 8.7 Thrusters system 588 8.8 Control stations 589 8.9 Computer-based control systems . . . . 590 8.10 Position reference systems 590 8.11 External force sensors 590 8.12 Alarm and monitoring system 591 8.13 Cable routeing and piping of DP-system

machinery and devices 591 9 Position mooring systems 592 9.1 Scope of application 592 9.2 Definitions and explanations 592 9.3 Control systems 592 9.4 Auxiliary thrusters for anchoring

systems 592

P A R T X V I . H U L L S T R U C T U R E AND S T R E N G T H O F G L A S S - R E I N F O R C E D P L A S T I C S H I P S AND B O A T S

1 General 593 1.1 Application 593 1.2 Definitions and explanations 593 1.3 General 593 1.4 Scope of surveys 593 1.5 Materials 594 1.6 Framing system and spacing 594 1.7 Matting-in connections and fastenings. . 594 2 H u l l and superstructures of ships 596 2.1 General 596 2.2 Side and bottom shell 600 2.3 Bottom framing 601 2.4 Side framing 603 2.5 Decks and deck framing 604 2.6 Pillars 605 2.7 Bulkheads 605

14 Contents

2.8 Tanks 606 2.9 Superstructures and deckhouses 607 2.10 Openings in structures 608 2.11 Bulwark 609 2.12 Engine seatings 609 2.13 Stems, sternframes, propeller shaft brackets

and bilge keels 609 2.14 Casings of engine and boilerrooms, hatch

and fan coamings 609 3 Strengthening in ships for navigation

in ice 610 3.1 General 610 3.2 Ice strengthening in ships

of category Ice2 610

4 Lifeboat hull 610 4.1 General 610 4.2 Shell 610 4.3 Framing 611 4.4 Attachment of lifting gearand

equipment 611 A p p e n d i x 1 . Recommended types of

glass-reinforced plastics 614 A p p e n d i x 2 . Physical and mechanical

properties of glass-reinforced plastics . . 615 A p p e n d i x 3 . Guidance fordetermination

of hull memberscantlings of ships and lifeboats by calculation 618

PART VII. MACHINERY INSTALLATIONS

1 GENERAL

1.1 A P P L I C A T I O N

1.1.1 The requirements of the present Part of the Rules apply to ship machinery installations, equip-ment of machinery spaces, shafting lines, propellers, machinery condition monitoring systems, spare parts and active means of the ship's steering (refer to 7.1.1).

Machinery installations and machinery space equipment of ships of gross tonnage less than 500, unless otherwise indicated, as well as those of berth-connected ships shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1 to 4 and 9 of the present Part and Part I X "Machinery" in so much as applicable and sufficient.

The requirements for machinery installations of polar class ships (refer to 2.2.3.1, Part I "Classifica-t i o n " ) a r e s e t f o r t h i n S e c t i o n 1 , P a r t X V I I "Distinguishing Marks and Descriptive Notations in the Class Notation Specifying Structural and Operational Particulars of Ships".

1.1.2 The requirements of the present Part are set forth proceeding from the condition that the flash point of fuel oil (refer to 1.2, Part V I "Fire Protection")used in ships of unrestricted service for the engines and boilers is not below 60 C and the flash point of fuel for emergency generator engines, not below 43 C.

In ships certified for restricted service within areas having a climate ensuring that ambient temperature of spaces where such fuel oil is stored wil l not rise to within 10 C below its flash point may use fuel oil with flash point not less than 43 C. In this case, measures shall be taken to ensure checking and maintenance of the above condition.

The use of fuel having a flash point of less than 43 C may be permitted for cargo ships only subject to the approval by the Register of the complete installation.

Such fuel shall not be stored in any machinery space.

Crude oil and slops may be used as boiler fuel in oil tankers. The conditions of such use are stated under 13.11, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping".

1.2 D E F I N I T I O N S AND E X P L A N A T I O N S

1.2.1 Definitions and explanations relating to general terminology of the Rules are given in Part I "Classification".

The following definitions, as adopted in the present Part, are equally applicable for the purpose

of Part V I I I "Systems and Piping" and Part I X "Machinery".

A u x i l i a r y a c t i v e m e a n s o f t h e s h i p ' s s t e e r i n g is a propulsion and steering unit ensuring propulsion and steering of a ship at low speed or steering of a ship at zero speed when the ship is equipped wi th main means of propulsion and steering, and is used either in combination with the latter or when the main means of propulsion and steering are inoperative.

A u x i l i a r y m a c h i n e r y is the machinery necessary for the operation of main engines, supply of the ship with electric power and other kinds of energy, as well as functioning of the systems and arrangements subject to survey by the Register.

Among the essential auxiliary machinery are: a generating set, which serves as a main source of

electrical power; steam supply source; condensate pump and arrangements used for

maintaining vacuum in condensers; the mechanical air supply for boilers; an air compressor and receiver for starting or

control purposes; as well as machinery ensuring operation or

functioning of: boiler feed water systems; the fuel oil supply systems for boilers or engines; the sources of water pressure; the hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical means for

control in main propulsion machinery including controllable pitch propellers.

E x i t is an opening in bulkhead or deck provided with closing means and intended for the passage of persons.

M e a n s o f e s c a p e comprise the escape routes leading from the lowest part of the machinery space floor plates to the exit from that space.

M a i n a c t i v e m e a n s o f t h e s h i p ' s s t e e r i n g is a propulsion and steering unit being part of the propulsion plant.

M a i n m a c h i n e r y is the machinery being part of the propulsion plant.

T e c h n i c a l c o n d i t i o n d i a g n o s i s is a process of establishing causes for the deviation of diagnostic parameters when performing condition monitoring and/or detecting malfunctions, as a rules, by stripless methods in order to provide maintenance and repair on the actual condition basis.

R e m o t e c o n t r o l is the changing of the speed and direction of rotation as well as starting and stopping of the machinery from a remote position.

16 Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships

E n g i n e r o o m is a machinery space intended for the main engines and, in the case of ships with electric propulsion plants, the main generators.

M a c h i n e r y spaces are all machinery spaces of category A and all other spaces containing main machinery, shafting, boilers, fuel oil units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators and other major electrical machinery, fuel oil filling stations, ventilation and air-conditioning installations, refrigerating plants, steering engines, stabilizing equipment and similar spaces, and trunks to such spaces.

M a c h i n e r y s p a c e s o f c a t e g o r y A are those spaces and trunks to such spaces, which contain:

internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion; or

internal combustion machinery used for purposes other than main propulsion where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 375 kW; or

oil-fired boilers or fuel oil units. L o c a l c o n t r o l s t a t i o n is a control station

fitted with controls, indicators, means of communication (if necessary), located in proximity to, or directly on, the engine.

T o r s i o n a l v i b r a t i o n s t r e s s e s are stresses resulting from the alternating torque, which is superimposed on the mean torque.

D e a d s h i p c o n d i t i o n (as w e l l as b l a c k o u t ) i s a condition, under which the main propulsion plant, boilers and auxiliaries are not in operation and in restoring the propulsion, no stored energy for starting the propulsion plant, the main source of electrical power and other essential auxiliaries shall be assumed available. I t is assumed that means are available to start the emergency generator at all times.

E q u i p m e n t comprises all types of filters, heat exchangers, tanks and other arrangements ensuring normal operation of a machinery installation.

C o m m o n c o n t r o l s t a t i o n is a control station intended for simultaneous control of two or severalmainenginesandfittedwithindicatinginstru-ments, alarm devices and means of communication.

C a r g o c o n t r o l r o o m ( C C R ) i s a room or part thereof where the control, monitoring means and alarm devices, related to performance of cargo handling operations are located; and onboard the tankers, in addition, means for monitoring and alarm of cargo, ballast, atmosphere parameters of cargo and ballast tanks and cargo pump rooms as well as discharge of oil containing and flushing water.

T e c h n i c a l c o n d i t i o n p r e d i c t i o n is a process of determining causes for the changes in control item for the forthcoming time period, based on the trend of the diagnostic parameter values during the preceding time period.

P r o p u l s i o n p l a n t is the totality of machinery and arrangements intended for generating, converting and transmitting power ensuring propulsion of the ship at all specified rates of speed and comprising propellers, shafting, main gearing and main machinery, including electric propulsion motors.

R a t e d p o w e r means the maximum continuous (not time-limited)power adopted in calculations under the Rules and stated in documents issued by the Register.

R a t e d s p e e d means the speed corresponding to the rated power.

T e c h n i c a l c o n d i t i o n m o n i t o r i n g s y s t e m is a complex of inspection facilities and actuators interacting wi th the control item on demand set forth by the appropriate documentation. The condition monitoring system provides for the identification of the type of the item technical condition and systematic observation (tracing)of its change on the basis of measurement of the controlled (diagnostic)parameters and comparison of these values with the set standards.

A c t i v e m e a n s o f t h e s h i p ' s s t e e r i n g ( A M S S ) a r e special propulsion and steering units and any combinations of them or with the main propulsion devices, capable of producing thrust or traction force both at a fixed angle to the centre plane of the ship and at a variable angle, either under all running conditions (main A M S S ) o r part thereof including small and zero speed (auxiliary AMSS)(refer also to 1.2.8, Part I I I "Equipment, Arrangements and Outfit").

F u e l o i l u n i t is any equipment used for the preparation and delivery of fuel oil (heated or unheated)to boiler, inert gas generator or engine (including gas turbines)and includes any fuel oil pumps, separators, filters and heaters at a pressure of more than 0,18 MPa.

Fuel oil transfer pumps are not considered as fuel oil units.

M a i n m a c h i n e r y c o n t r o l r o o m is a space containing the remote controls of main and auxiliary machinery, CP-propellers, main and auxiliary AMSS, indicating instruments, alarm devices and means of communication.

T r e n d i n d i a g n o s t i c p a r a m e t e r ( p a r a m e t e r t r e n d ) i s a time history of the diagnostic parameter shown graphically or in other form (previous history of the parameter change).

1.3 S C O P E O F S U R V E Y S

1.3.1 General provisions covering the procedure of classification and surveys during construction and in service are stated in the General Regulations for

Part VII. Machinery Installations 17

T a b l e 1.3.2.3 Parts to be supervised

Chapter of

Nos Item Material Part

"Materials"

1 1.1

Shafting Intermediate, thrust and propeller shafts

Forged steel 3.7

1.2 Propeller shaft liners Copper alloy Corrosion-resistant steel

Un

agre

em

ent

with

1

the

Regi

ster

1.3 Half-couplings Forged steel Cast steel

3.7 3.8

1.4 Coupling bolts Forged steel 3.7

1.5 Sterntubes Rolled steel Cast steel Forged steel Cast i ron

3.2 3.8 3.7 3.9

1.6 Sterntube and strut bushes Cast steel Copper alloy Forged steel Cast i ron

3.8 4.2 3.7 3.9

3.10

1.7 Lining of sternbush bearing Non-metallic materials Metal alloys

Un

agre

em

ent

with

th

e Re

giste

r

1.8 Thrust block casing Rolled steel Cast steel Cast i ron

3.2 3.8 3.9

2 2.1

2.2 2.2.1

Propellers Solid propellers

Built propellers Blades

Cast steel Copper alloy

Cast steel Copper alloy

3.12 4.2

3.12 4.2

2.2.2 Boss Cast steel Copper alloy

3.12 4.2

2.2.3 Bolts (studs)for securing of blades, hub cones and seals

Copper alloy Forged steel

4.1 3.7

2.3 Hub cones Cast steel Copper alloy

3.12 4.1 4.2

2.4

2.5

CPP sliding shoes i n ice ships of ice categories Arc4 to Arc9 and icebreakers Casings of main AMSS in ice ships of ice categories Arc4 to Arc9 and icebreakers

Forged steel Cast steel

3.7 3.8

N o t e s : 1. The materials shall be selected in accordance with 2.4. 2. A l l shafts (propeller, thrust, intermediate), propeller

blades shall be subjected to non-destructive testing when manufactured. The methods, standards and scope of such tests shall be agreed wi th the Register.

3. The nomenclature and material of the CPP components: crank pin rings, sliding shoes (other than those given under item 2.4), push-pull rods; hydraulic cylinders, etc., as well as the AMSS parts (other than those given under item 2.5)are subject to special consideration of the Register in each case.

the Classificaiton and Uther Activity and in Part I "Classification".

1.3.2 Survey by the Register, including the approval of technical documentation according to 3.2.8, Part I "Classification", shall cover the following parts and components:

.1 shafting as assembled, including propeller shaft with liners and waterproof coatings, shaft bearings, thrust blocks and sterntube bearings, couplings, sterntube seals;

.2 propellers, inclusive vertical-axis propellers and jets, steerable propellers, athwartship thrusters and propulsive systems of active rudders, pitch control units, oil distribution boxes and control systems of propellers;

.3 parts indicated in Table 1.3.2.3 and the corresponding spare parts specified in 10.2.

1.3.3 Subject to survey by the Register is the assembling of the machinery space equipment and testing of the following components of the machinery installation:

.1 main engines wi th reduction gears and couplings;

.2 boilers, heat exchangers and pressure vessels;

.3 auxiliary machinery;

.4 control, monitoring and alarm systems of the machinery installation;

.5 shafting and propellers;

.6 active means of the ship's steering. 1.3.4 After assembling of machinery, equipment,

systems and piping arrangements on board the ship, the machinery installation shall be tested in operation under load according to the program approved by the Register.

18 Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships

2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 P O W E R O F M A I N M A C H I N E R Y

2.1.1 The power of main machinery in icebreakers shall be consistent with their category according to 2.2.3, Part I "Classification".

In ships strengthened for navigation in ice of categories Ice2 to Arc9 the power delivered to the propeller shaft P m i n , in kW, shall not be less than

P m i n = / W 3 ( / 4 A + P o ) ( 2 . 1 . 1 ) where / 1 = 1 , 0 for fixed pitch propellers;

f1 = 0,9 for propulsion plants with controllable pitch propellers or electric drive;

/ 2 = /200 + 0,675, but not more than 1,1: = slope of stem (refer to 3.10.1.2, Part I I "Hul l" ) .

f2 =1 ,1 for a bulbous stem; the product f1f2 shall be taken in all cases not less than 0,8_5;

f3 = 1,2 B/ff A , but not less than 1,0; = breadth of the ship, m; A = ship's displacement to the summer load waterline

(refer to 1.2.1, Part I I I "Equipment, Arrangements and Uutfi t") , t; calculating P m i n for ships strengthened for navigation in ice of Ice2 and Ice3 categories A need not be taken more than 80000 t;

/ 4 and P 0 are given in Table 2.1.1.

Irrespective of the results obtained in calculating shaft power by Formula (2.1.1), i t shall not be less than:

10000 kW for ice category Arc9; 7200 kW for ice category Arc8; 5000 kW for ice category Arc7; 3500 kW for ice category Arc6; 2600 kW for ice category Arc5; 1000 kW for ice category Arc4; 740 kW for ice categories Ice3, Ice2.

In well-grounded cases minimum power values may be reduced. These cases are subject to special consideration by the Register.

2.1.2 In icebreakers and ships with ice strengthening of categories Arc6 to Arc9, turbines and internal combustion engines with mechanical transmission of power to the propeller may be utilized as main engines, provided use is made of the devices to protect turbines,

reduction gears of gas-turbine geared sets and diesel-engine geared sets against the loads exceeding the design torque determined with regard to operation of such ships under ice conditions in compliance with the requirements of 4.2.3.2, Part I X "Machinery".

2.1.3 Propulsion plant shall provide sufficient astern power to maintain manoeuvring of the ship in all normal service conditions.

2.1.4 Propulsion plant shall be capable of maintaining in free route astern at least 70 per cent of rated ahead speed for a period of at least 30 min.

By the rated ahead speed is meant a speed corresponding to the maximum continuous power of the main machinery.

The astern power shall be sufficient to take way off a ship making a full ahead speed on an agreeable length, which must be confirmed during trials.

2.1.5 In propulsion plants with reversing gears or CP-propellers as well as in electric propulsion plants, precautions shall be taken against possible overload of main engines in excess of permissible values.

2.1.6 Means shall be provided to ensure that the machinery may be brought into operation from the dead ship condition without external aid (refer to 16.2.3, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping").

Un ships where internal combustion engines are started by compressed air, the set of equipment for starting shall ensure the supply of air in quantity sufficient for the initial start without external aid.

Where the ship is not fitted with an emergency generator, or an emergency generator does not comply with the requirements specified under 2.9.4, Part I X "Machinery", the means for bringing main and auxiliary machinery into operation shall be such that the initial charge of starting air or initial electrical power and any power supplies for engine operation can be developed on board ship without external aid. I f for this purpose an emergency air compressor or an electric generator is required, the machinery shall be powered by a hand-starting ICE or a hand-operated compressor.

T a b l e 2.1.1

Displacement A , t

Value Ice strengthening category Displacement A , t

Value

Ice2 Ice3 Arc4 Arc5 Arc6 Arc7 Arc8 Arc9

A < 30000 / 4 0,18 0,22 0,26 0,3 0,36 0,42 0,47 0,5 A < 30000

P 0 , k W 0 370 740 2200 3100 4000 5300 7500

A > 30000 / 4 0,11 0,13 0,15 0,2 0,22 0,24 0,25 0,26 A > 30000

P 0 , k W 2100 3070 4040 5200 7300 9400 11600 14700

Part VII. Machinery Installations 19

T a b l e 2.3.1-1 List, motions and trim 1 , 2

Machinery and equipment Steady list either way

under static conditions List either way under dynamic conditions

(rolling)

Steady t r im by bow or stern

Dynamic inclination by bow or stern (pitching)

Main and auxiliary machinery Emergency machinery and equ ipmen t (emergency power installations, emergency fire pumps and their devices)

15,0 22,5 3

22,5 22,5 3

5,04

10,0 7,5 10,0

1Steady list and t r im shall be taken into account simultaneously. Rolling and pitching are also to be considered simultaneously. 2 U n agreement with the Register, the values of inclinations may be altered depending on the type and dimensions of the ship and its

service conditions as well. 3 I n gas carriers and chemical tankers emergency power sources shall remian operative when the ship is listed up to 30 deg. 4Where the length of the ship exceeds 100 m, the static t r im by bow or stern may be taken as (500/L) where L is the length of the

ship, in m, as defined in 1.1.3, Part I I "Hul l " .

The emergency generator and other means needed to restore the propulsion shall have a capacity such that the necessary propulsion starting energy is available within 30 min of black out/dead ship condition (refer to 1.2).

Emergency generator stored starting energy shall not be directly used for starting the propulsion plant, the main source of electrical power and/or other essential auxiliaries (emergency generator excluded).

For steam ships, the 30 min time limit may be interpreted as time from black out/dead ship condition to light-off of the first boiler.

2.1.7 In the event of failure of one or all turbochargers (refer to 2.5.1, Part I X "Machinery") the machinery installation with one main internal combustion engine shall provide the ship speed at which the steerability of the ship is maintained. The main engine shall provide not less than 10 per cent of the rated power.

2.1.8 The power of main machinery in ships of river-sea navigation shall provide the ahead speed in load condition of at least 10 knots in calm water.

2.1.9 Supercharged high-speed engines (over 750 rpm), which increased noise level makes direct local control difficult, may be admitted by the Register for use as main engines in sea-going ships, i f provision is made for remote control and monitoring so that constant presence of the attending personnel in the engine room will not be necessary.

The control and monitoring facilities shall comply with the requirements of Part X V "Automation".

2.1.10 In the case of ships with twin hulls, the failure of the machinery installation of one hull wil l not put the machinery installation of the other hull out of action.

2.1.11 Long run of the propulsion plant at all specified rates during its operation under the conditions corresponding to the assigned class shall not lead to the overload. The substantiation of the required power is subject to special consideration by the Register.

2.1.12 Propulsion plants and auxiliary machinery of passenger ships having length, as defined in 1.2.1 of the Load Line Rules for Sea-Going Ships, of 120 m or more or having three or more main vertical zones, shall comply with the requirements of 2.2.6.7.1 and 2.2.6.8, Part V I "Fire Protection".

2.2 N U M B E R O F M A I N B O I L E R S

2.2.1 In general, not less than two main boilers shall be fitted in ships of unrestricted service. The possibility of using a steam power plant with one main boiler shall be considered by the Register in each case.

2.3 E N V I R O N M E N T A L C O N D I T I O N S

2.3.1 The machinery, equipment and systems installed in the ship shall remain operative under environmental conditions stated in Tables 2.3.1-1 and 2.3.1-2, unless provided otherwise in the other parts of the Rules.

Sea water temperature is assumed to be equal to 32 C. For ships designed for geographically restricted service other temperatures may be adopted on agreement with the Register.

T a b l e 2.3.1-2 Air temperature

Installed location Temperature range, C

I n enclosed spaces 0 t o + 4 5

Machinery or boilers in spaces subject According to specific to temperatures exceeding 45C and local conditions below 0C

U n the open deck - 2 5 to + 45

N o t e . For ships intended for geographically restricted service other temperatures may be adopted on agreement wi th the Register.

20 Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships

2.4 M A T E R I A L S AND W E L D I N G

2.4.1 Materials for the manufacture of parts of the shaftings and propellers shall comply with the requirements given in the relevant chapters of Part X I I I "Materials", as indicated in column 4, Table 1.3.2.3. The materials used for the components of shafting stated in item 1.7, Table 1.3.2.3 are chosen in accordance with the standards. The materials used for the components of shafting and propellers stated in items 1.2 to 1.6, 1.8, 2.2.3 and 2.3, Table 1.3.2.3 may also be chosen in accordance with the relevant standards. In such case, the application of materials shall be agreed with the Register when examining the technical documentation.

Materials used for the components (semi-finished products)indicated in items 1.1, 2.1, 2.2.1 and 2.2.2, Table 1.3.2.3 shall be surveyed by the Register during manufacture; survey of materials used for other components in said Table may be required at the option of the Register.

2.4.2 Intermediate, thrust and propeller shafts shall generally be made of steel with tensile strength Rm between 400 and 800 MPa.

2.4.3 The mechanical properties and chemical composition of materials used for the manufacture of propellers shall be in compliance with 3.12 and 4.2, Part X I I I "Materials". Whereas steel of martensitic grade is permitted for the manufacture of propellers for ships of all types, steel of austenitic grade is permitted for the manufacture of propellers for ships without ice strengthening. The possibility to use carbon steel for the manufacture of propellers is subject to special consideration by the Register considering the requirements of 3.8, Part X I I I "Materials".

Copper alloys of Type CU3 and Type CU4 are admitted for propellers in all ships, except icebreakers and ships with ice categories Arc7 to Arc9; copper alloys of Type CU1 and Type CU2 may be used exclusively for propellers in ships without ice strengthening and in ships with ice strengthening of categories Icel to Ice3.

2.4.4 Where it is intended to make shafting and propellers of alloy steels, including corrosion-resistant and high strength steels, data on chemical composition, mechanical and special properties, confirming suitability of the steel for intended application, shall be submitted to the Register.

2.4.5 Intermediate, thrust and propeller shafts as well as coupling bolts (studs)may be made of rolled steel in accordance with 3.7.1, Part X I I I "Materials".

2.4.6 Securing and locking items of propeller blades, hub cones, sterntubes, sternbushes and sealings shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials.

2.4.7 Welding procedure and non-destructive testing of welded joints shall comply with the requirements of Part X I V "Welding".

2.4.8 For all ships, new installation of materials which contain asbestos shall be prohibited in machinery installations, machinery and equipment covered by the requirements of Part V I "Fire Protection", Part V I I "Machinery Installations", Part V I I I "Systems and Piping", Part I X "Machi-nery", Part X "Boilers, Heat Exchangers and Pressure Vessels" and Part X I I "Refrigerating Plants".

2.5 I N D I C A T I N G I N S T R U M E N T S

2.5.1 A l l the indicating instruments, with the exception of liquid-filled thermometers, shall be checked by competent bodies.

Pressure gauges fitted on boilers, heat exchangers, pressure vessels and refrigerating plants shall meet the requirements of 3.3.5 and 6.3.8, Part X "Boilers, Heat Exchangers and Pressure Vessels" and 7.1, Part X I I "Refrigerating Plants", respectively.

2.5.2 The tachometer accuracy shall be within + 2,5 per cent. With restricted speed ranges, the accuracy shall not be below 2 per cent, and the ranges shall be marked with bright colour on the scales of tachometers or in another way.

2.6 A P P L I C A T I O N O F T H E R E L I A B I L I T Y M E A S U R E S O F T H E M A C H I N E R Y I N S T A L L A T I O N S

2.6.l The reliability measures are established and specified during design and/or order of the machinery installation components by agreement of the appropriate technical documentation between the customer (shipowner)and the designer or supplier. The specific list of the reliability measures to be determined shall be established for each type of products with regard to the peculiarities of its application, failure effects, maintenance and repair system adopted.

Part VII. Machinery Installations 21

3 CONTROL DEVICES AND STATIONS. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

3.1 C O N T R O L D E V I C E S

3.1.1 Main and auxiliary machinery essential for the propulsion, control and safety of the ship shall be provided with effective means for its operation and control. A l l control systems essential for the propulsion, control and safety of the ship shall be independent or so designed that failure of one of them does not degrade the performance of another.

3.1.2 The starting and reversing arrangements shall be so designed and placed that each engine can be started or reversed by one operator.

3.1.3 Proper working direction of control handles or handwheels shall be clearly indicated by arrows and relevant inscriptions.

3.1.4 The setting of manoeuvring handle in the direction from, or to the right of, the operator, or turning the handwheel clockwise, when controlling the main engines from the navigation bridge, shall correspond to the ahead speed direction of the ship.

In the case of control stations, from which only the stern is visible, such a setting shall correspond to the direction of astern speed of the ship.

3.1.5 Control arrangements shall be so designed as to eliminate the possibility of spontaneously changing the positions prescribed.

3.1.6 The control devices of main engines shall have an interlocking system to preclude starting of the main engine, with a mechanical shaft-turning gear engaged.

3.1.7 It is recommended to provide an interlocking system between the engine-room telegraph and the reversing and starting arrangements so as to prevent the engine from running in the direction opposite to the prescribed one.

3.1.8 The main engine remote control system, with control from the bridge, shall be designed so as to provide an alarm in the event of failure. As far as practicable, the present propeller speed and thrust direction shall remain unchanged until control is transferred to a local station. Among other factors, the loss of power supply (electric, pneumatic or hydraulic power)shall not substantially affect the power of main engines or change the direction of propeller rotation.

3.1.9 The propulsion machinery remote control system with control from the wheel house shall be independent from the other order transmission system; however, one manoeuvring handle for systems may be accepted.

3.1.10 I t shall be possible to control the propulsion machinery from the local control station, in the

event of a failure of any unit of the remote control system.

3.1.11 For ships of river-sea navigation the duration of reversing (a period of time from the reversing of a steering control to the beginning of propeller operation with a thrust opposite in direc-tion)shall not exceed:

25 s at full speed, 15 s at slow speed, depending on the ship's speed.

3.2 C O N T R O L S T A T I O N S

3.2.1 The bridge control stations of main engines and propellers, as well as the main machinery control room, with any type of remote control, shall be equipped with:

.1 controls for the operation of main engines and propellers. For installations comprising CP-propellers, vertical axis and similar type propellers, the navigation bridge may be equipped with means for remote control of propellers only. In such case, the alarm for low pressure of starting air, prescribed by 3.2.1.10, need not be provided;

.2 shaft speed and direction indicators i f a fixed pitch propeller is installed; shaft speed and blade position indicators i f the controllable pitch propeller is installed; main engines speed indicator i f the disengaging coupling is provided;

.3 indicating means to show that the main machinery and remote control systems are ready for operation;

.4 indicating means to show which station is in control of the main propulsion machinery;

.5 means of communication (refer to 3.3);

.6 main engine emergency stop device, independent of the control system.

I f disengaging couplings are provided for disconnection of main machinery from propellers, it is permissible that emergency shut-off of these couplings only is effected from the navigation bridge;

.7 device to override the automatic protection covering full range of parameters except those parameters which being exceeded, may result in serious damage, complete failure or explosion;

.8 indication for the override operation, alarms for activation of protection devices and the emergency stop;

.9 alarm for minimum oil pressure in pitch control system; overload alarm where the main

22 Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships

engine operates with a CP-propeller, unless the recommendation of 6.5.3 is fulfilled;

.10 alarm for low starting air pressure, set at a level which still permits three starting attempts of reversible main engines duly prepared for operation.

.11 device to remote shut-off fuel oil supply to each engine for multi-engine installations in case where the fuel oil is supplied to all the engines from a single supply source (refer to 13.8.3.2, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping");

.12 speed repeater. 3.2.2 The control stations on the wings of

navigation bridge shall be equipped with devices of waterproof construction with controlled illumination. The control stations provided on the wings of the navigation bridge need not meet the requirements of 3.2.1.3, 3.2.1.5, 3.2.1.7 to 3.2.1.10.

3.2.3 The emergency stop devices of main engine and the overrides of automatic controls shall be so constructed that inadvertent operation of such devices is not possible.

3.2.4 For the installations which consist of several main engines driving a single shafting, there shall be provided a common control station.

3.2.5 Wi th a remote control system in use, provision shall also be made for local control stations of main machinery and propellers. Where, however, mechnaical linkage is fitted for remote-controlling the main engine, the local control stations may be dispensed with on agreement with the Register.

3.2.6 Remote control of main machinery and propellers shall be performed only from one location. The transfer of control between the navigation bridge and engine room shall be possible only in the engine room and the main machinery control room. The means of transfer shall be so designed as to prevent the propelling thrust from altering significantly.

Where the control stations are arranged on the wings of navigation bridge, the remote control of the main machinery shall be possible from one control station only. Such control stations may be equipped with interconnected controls.

3.2.7 Main engines shall be remotely operated from the wheelhouse by means of a single control element per propeller. I n installations w i t h CP-propellers, systems with two control elements may be used.

3.2.8 The sequence of the main engine operation modes assigned from the wheelhouse, including reversal from the full ahead speed in case ofemergency, shall be controlled with the time intervals admissible for main engines. The modes assigned shall be indicated at the main machinery control room and at the local control stations of the main machinery.

3.2.9 Main machinery control rooms of floating docks shall comprise the following equipment:

.1 controls of the pumps, including the suction and overboard discharge valves of ballast system;

.2 recording devices for heel, tr im and deflection control of the dock;

.3 signals indicating the operation of pumps and the position ("open", "c losed")of suction and discharge valves of the ballast system;

.4 alarms on limit values of list and trim;

.5 water level indicators of ballast compartments;

.6 dock's communication facilities. 3.2.10 CCR shall be located as far from the

machinery spaces as practicable. Unboard the tan-kers the CCR shall be arranged according to 2.4.9, Part V I "Fire Protection".

Furthermore, arrangement of CCR onboard chemical tankers shall comply with the requirements of Section 3, Part I I "Structure of Chemical Tanker" of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Chemical Tankers, and for gas carriers the requirements of Section 9, Part V I "Systems and Pipelines" of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Gas Carriers.

3.2.11 I f CCR is provided on board the ship with assigning the distinguishing mark C C O (refer to 2.2.18, Part I "Classification")added to the character of classification, besides compliance with the requirements of 3.2.10, CCR shall be equipped with:

.1 means of communication according to 3.3.2;

.2 control means of:

.2.1 cargo, stripping and ballast pumps;

.2.2 fans servicing cargo area spaces or cargo holds;

.2.3 remotely controlled valves of cargo and ballast systems;

.2.4 hydraulic system pumps (if provided);

.2.5 inert gas system;

.2.6 pumps and valves of heeling system (if provided);

.3 means for monitoring of:

.3.1 pressure in cargo manifolds;

.3.2 pressure in the manifold for vapour emission system (if provided);

.3.3 temperature in cargo and settling tanks;

.3.4 temperature and pressure of warming medium in the cargo heating system;

.3.5 actual value of ship's heel, t r im and draught;

.3.6 actual value of level in the cargo and ballast tanks;

.4 alarm devices on:

.4.1 fire alarm;

.4.2 exceeding of cargo temperature in cargo holds;

.4.3 high and low levels in cargo, ballast and settling tanks;

.4.4 extreme high level in cargo tanks;

Part VII. Machinery Installations 23

.4.5 exceeding of permissible pressure in cargo manifolds of vapour emission system (80 per cent of pressure for actuating of high-velocity devices);

.4.6 exceeding the permissible fuel oil content in the discharge ballast and flushing water;

.4.7 exceeding the permissible temperature of pump casing according to 5.2.6, Part I X "Machinery";

.4.8 increasing of gland and bearing temperature at bulkhead penetrations of pump shafts as per 4.2.5;

.4.9 availability of cargo in segregated ballast tanks (for chemical tankers);

.4.10 increasing of level in the bilgeways of cargo pump rooms;

.4.11 parameters of inert gas system in compliance with 9.16.7.6, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping";

.4.12 status of technical aids stipulated in 3.2.10;

.4.13 low water level in deck water seal (refer to 9.16.5, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping").

3.2.12 In ships carrying liquid gas in bulk, means for monitoring and alarm shall be additionally provided in CCR to meet the requirement of Part V I I I "Instrumentation" of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Gas Carriers.

3.2.13 In ships carrying dangerous chemical cargo in bulk, the signalling shall be additionally provided in CCR to meet the requirements of 6.6, Part V I I I "Instrumentation" of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Chemical Tankers.

3.3 M E A N S O F C O M M U N I C A T I O N

3.3.1 A t least two independent means shall be provided for communicating orders from the navigation bridge to the position in the machinery space or in the control room, from which the speed and

direction of thrust of the propellers are normally controlled.

Une of these shall be an engine-room telegraph, which provides visual indication of the orders and responses both in the machinery spaces and on the navigation bridge and which is fitted with a sound signal clearly audible in any part of the engine room while the machinery is at work, and distinct in tone from all other signals in the machinery space (refer also to 7.1, Part X I "Electrical Equipment").

Appropriate means of communication shall be provided from the navigation bridge at the engine room to any other position, from which the speed or direction of thrust of the propellers may be controlled.

A single voice-communication device serving two control stations located in close proximity is permissible.

3.3.2 Two-way communication shall be provided between the engine room, auxiliary machinery spaces and boiler room. Unboard the ships equipped with CCR, two-way communication between CCR and navigation bridge, between CCR and the spaces, where cargo and ballast pumps are located, shall be additionally provided.

3.3.3 When installing a voice-communication device, measures shall be taken to ensure clear audibility, with the machinery at work.

3.3.4 Main machinery control rooms of floating docks shall have means of communication in accordance with 19.8, Part X I "Electrical Equip-ment".

3.3.5 I n the case of ships with twin hulls, provision shall be made for voice communication between local control stations of the hulls in addition to communication between local control stations and the common control station in the wheelhouse and the main machinery control room.

24 Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships

4 MACHINERY SPACES, ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

4.1 G E N E R A L

4.1.1 Ventilation of machinery spaces shall comply with the requirements of 12.5, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping".

4.1.2 Machinery spaces with dual-fuel engines shall be fitted with gas concentration sensors and the ultimate concentration level alarm system.

4.1.3 The ventilation of machinery spaces shall be sufficient under normal conditions of ship operation to prevent accumulation of oil product vapour.

4.2 A R R A N G E M E N T O F M A C H I N E R Y AND E Q U I P M E N T

4.2.1 Engines, boilers, equipment, pipes and valves shall be so arranged as to provide easy access for servicing and repair; the requirements stated in 4.5.3 shall also be met.

4.2.2 The arrangement of boilers shall be such that the distance between boilers and fuel tanks is sufficient for a free circulation of air necessary to keep the temperature of the fuel in the tanks below its flash point except as mentioned in 13.3.5, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping".

4.2.3 Where auxiliary boilers are installed in the same space with the internal combustion engines, their furnaces shall have metallic screens or other arrangements to protect the equipment of that space i f flame is accidentally blown out from the furnace.

4.2.4 The auxiliary oil-fired boilers installed on platforms or on 'tween decks in non-watertight enclosures shall be protected by oil-tight coamings at least 200 mm in height.

4.2.5 Driving machinery of the pumps and fans in the cargo pump rooms of oil tankers, combination carriers designed for the carriage of oi l products wi th a flash point 60 " C o r l e s s a n d of oil recovery vessels shall be installed in spaces fitted with mechanical ventilation and having no exits leading to the cargo pump rooms.

Driving machinery of the submerged pumps are allowed to be installed in the open deck, provided their design and location comply with the requirements of 19.2.4.1.4 and 19.2.4.9, Part X I "Electrical Equipment".

Steam engines with working temperatures not exceeding 220 "C and hydraulic motors may be installed in cargo pump rooms.

Drive shafts of pumps and fans shall be carried through bulkheads or decks in gastight sealing glands

supplied with effective lubrication from outside the pump room. As far as practicable, the construction of sealing gland shall protect it against being overheated.

Those parts of gland, which may come in contact in case of eventual disalignment of drive shaft, or damage to the bearings, shall be made of such materials, which wil l not initiate sparks.

I f bellows are incorporated in the design, they shall be subjected to test pressure before fitting.

Cargo pumps, ballast pumps and stripping pumps, installed in cargo pump-rooms, as well as in ballast pump-rooms where cargo containing equipment is fitted, and driven by shafts passing through pump-room bulkheads shall be fitted with temperature sensing devices for bulkhead shaft glands, bearings and pump cassings.

Alarm shall be initiated in the cargo control room or the pump control station.

4.2.6 Air compressors shall be installed in such places where air is least contaminated by vapours of combustible liquids.

4.2.7 Fuel oil units (refer to 1.2)as well as hydraulic units containing flammable liquids with working pressure above 1,5 MPa and not being a part of main and auxiliary engines, boilers, etc., shall be placed in a separate rooms with self-closing steel doors.

I f it is impracticable to locate the main components of such units and systems in a separate space, special consideration shall be given with regard to shielding of the components and location, containment of possible leakages.

4.2.8 Requirements for the arrangement of emergency diesel-generators are outlined in 9.2, Part X I "Electrical Equipment".

4.2.9 In oil recovery ships, the internal combustion engines, boilers and equipment containing sources of ignition as well as relevant air inlets shall be installed in intrinsically safe spaces (refer to 19.2, Part X I "Electrical Equipment").

4.2.10 A blowdown gas caps fitted with gas fuel leakage detectors shall be installed above the dual-fuel internal combustion engines (refer to 9.1, Part I X "Machinery").

4.3 A R R A N G E M E N T O F F U E L O I L T A N K S

4.3.1 In general, fuel oil tanks shall be part of the ship's structure and shall be located outside machinery spaces of category A. Where fuel oil tanks, other

Part VII. Machinery Installations 25

than double bottom tanks, are necessarily located adjacent to or within machinery spaces of category A, their surfaces in machinery spaces shall be kept to a minimum and shall preferably have a common boundary with the double bottom tanks. Where such tanks are situated within the boundaries of machinery spaces of category A, they shall not contain fuel oil having flash point less than 60 "C. In general, the use of free standing fuel oil tanks shall be avoided.

Service fuel oil tanks shall comply with the requirements of 13.8.1, Part V I I I "Systems and Piping".

4.3.2 Where the use of free standing fuel oil tanks is permitted by the Register, they shall be placed in oil-tight spill trays, and on passenger ships and special purpose ships carrying more than 50 special personnel, outside machinery spaces of category A as well.

4.3.3 Fuel oi l tanks shall not be located immediately above the machinery and equipment with surface temperature under insulation over 220 "C, boilers, internal combustion engines, electrical equipment and, as far as practicable, shall be arranged far apart therefrom.

4.3.4 The arrangement of fuel oil and lubricating oil tanks in way of accommodation, service and refrigerated spaces is permitted, provided they are separated by cofferdams. Dimensions and structure of cofferdams refer to 2.7.5.2, Part I I "Hul l" .

Un the agreement with the Register and providing the initiation of special measures, it may be permitted to separate the above compartments and spaces from the tanks without cofferdams.

Arrangement of cofferdam manholes in way of accommodation and service spaces is not permitted.

4.4 I N S T A L L A T I O N O F M A C H I N E R Y AND E Q U I P M E N T

4.4.5 The bolts securing the main and auxiliary machinery and shaft bearings to their seatings, end nuts of shafts as well as bolts connecting the lengths of shafting shall be fitted with appropriate lockers against spontaneous loosening.

4.4.6 Where the machinery shall be mounted on shock absorbers, the design of the latter shall be