PLEASE FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING

1. NAME2. HOW DO YOU LEARN BEST?3. WHAT ARE YOUR GOALS

FOR THIS CLASS?4. 3 INTERESTING THINGS

ABOUT YOU

Rules without a relationship leads to rebellion.

High Expectations Themselves and class

Open Minded Live in the now with eye for future

Talking (Participating) The people who talk the most, learn the most. Participating

Small group Assignments Large Group

Positive Attitude Do Not Complain! Its annoying for everyone. If you think you can, your right. If you think you can’t you won’t.

Responsible- Turn things in on time. Be accountable.

Reasons People have success in my class.

Chapter 1, Section 1

GovernmentBe able to define eacha. Government –The institution through which a society

makes and enforces its public policies.b. Public policies –All of the many goals that a government

pursues in all of the many areas of human affairs in which it is involved.

WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF A CITIZENS

CIVIC DUTY?

Civic Duty

Agree or Disagree ?(Why?)

One of the reasons people hate politics is that truth is rarely a politician's objective. Election and power are. Cal Thomas

The largest party in America, by the way, is neither the Democrats nor the Republicans. It's the party of non-voters. Robert Reich

In the United States, the majority undertakes to supply a multitude of ready-made opinions for the use of individuals, who are thus relieved from the necessity of forming opinions of their own. Alexis de Tocqueville

I think of a hero as someone who understands the degree of responsibility that comes with his freedom. Bob Dylan

"No one is born a good citizen; no nation is born a democracy. Rather, both are processes that continue to evolve over a lifetime. Young people must be included from birth. A society that cuts off from its youth severs its lifeline." -- Kofi Annan

Write 1 page detailing the following What skills are required of a good citizen? Why does this country need great citizens?

Format (1 page minimum) Formal essay Hand written

Powers of GovernmentEach government has and exercises

these 3 powersLegislative PowerExecutive PowerJudicial PowerWhat problems might a government

run into if it lacked one of these powers?

The StateState- a body of people, living in a defined

territory, organized politically, with the power to make and enforce laws.

4 characteristics every state must have. Population Territory Sovereignty- has supreme and absolute

power within its own territory Government

Which are “States”? (Circle)

Population Territory Sovereignty Government

Marshall SchoolsCity of MarshallMinnesota

US

Chapter 1, Section 2

Governments can be classified by three different standards:

(1) The geographic distribution of the governmental power within the state(Nation).

(2) The relationship between the legislative (lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing) branches of the government

(3) Who can participate in the governing process. Who has the power?

•Unitary

•Central Gov has • all gov power

Unitary Government

• A unitary government has all powers held by a

single, central agency.

• Local or Regional Gov have very little power

Confederate Government• A confederation is an alliance of independent states.

•Central Government has little power

Local or Regional Governments have most all the power.

Federal Government

•A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided

between a central government and several

local governments.

• An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this

division of power on a geographic basis.

• Central has •some powers

•Local/Regional Regional/Local Governments have some powers

Chapter 1, Section 2

Who can participate in government?

Democracy- when responsibility for the exercise of the powers of government rests with a majority of the people.

Dictatorship- One person or small group of people is responsible for exercising the powers of government.

Which are we?

Who Can Participate in Government?

Democracy1. Representative Democracy (Republican

Democracy)- a small group of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representatives, expresses the popular will

2. Direct Democracy- The will of the people is translated into public policy directly, by the people themselves, in mass meetings.

Which do we use most often in the United States? Why?

Who Can Participate in Government?

Dictatorship1. Autocracy- single person holds unlimited

political power2. Oligarchy- power to rule is held by a small

self appointed elite

Forms of Government

Chapter 1, Section 2

Marshall Schools?

Vocabulary Assignment

DefinitionSentence Picture on the backside

Unitary government Federal government Confederate government Parliamentary government Presidential government Representative Democracy Direct democracy Dictatorship Autocracy Oligarchy

What Would You Rather Have?

"The penalty good men payfor indifference to public affairs,is to be ruled by evil men."

Dictatorship or Democracy? Who was Plato?

Greek Philosopher- Learned under Socrates Plato challenged the idea that a democracy is the best

form of government. He wrote about an ideal state with an ideal form of government. He called this imaginary place utopia.

What is utopia?

Plato terms

Temperance- moderation of action thought or feeling Habitual moderation of the actions, thoughts or

passions Restraint

Eugenics A science that deals with the improvement (as by

control of human mating) of hereditary traits or qualities.

Technocracy- Management of society by technical experts Technocrat- technical expert put in charge of society

Plato’s Utopia

Guardians/Philosopher Kings Lovers of wisdom Skilled in academic areas Do not wish to govern Can not seek material possessions while in office

The Warriors Warrior Class Courage Sacrifice for the state

The Workers Lovers of money (Yankees fans- Maxwell ) Perform trades and jobs necessary for the state Workers would not wish to move up the ladder

Foundations of American Constitutional Democracy

The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notions.

1. Worth of the individual Each individual, no matter what his or her station in

life, is a separate and distinct being. At various times, the welfare of one or a few

individuals is subordinated to the interests of the many in a democracy. Come up with 3 examples of this from our democracy.

Foundations of Democracy

Equality of all Persons What does this mean?1. Equality of opportunity2. Equality before the lawHave we met this standard in our democracy?

Foundations of Democracy

Majority Rule, Minority Rights Democracy argues that a majority of people will be

right, more often than they will be wrong, and that the majority will also be right more often than will any one person or small group.

Do you agree with this premise?

What are the rights of the minority?

Foundations of Democracy

Necessity of Compromise Why is compromise essential in a functioning,

effective democracy?Individual Freedom

How much individual freedom can a democracy have(Where should the line be drawn?

“The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins” Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

Democracy and the Free Enterprise System

Free Enterprise System (Free Market, Capitalism)- Goods are owned by individuals rather than government. Prices are dictated in the market place.

Are a democracy and a free enterprise system the same? Do they have to go together?

Does America have a free market system?

Government and the Free Enterprise System

Mixed Economy- economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and “promotion”.

Journal-What are some examples of government involvement in the economy? Come up with 15 of them

Government’s participation in the economy serves a two fold purpose Protect the public Preserve private enterprise

How much is too much?

What are some benefits of government intervention in our economy?

What are some possible dangers of government involvement in the economy? What can go wrong?

“The sailors throng about the captain, begging and praying him to commit the helm to them; and if at any time they do not prevail, but others are preferred to them, they kill the others or throw them overboard, and having first chained up the noble captain’s senses with drink or some narcotic drug, they mutiny and take possession of the ship”

Budget Deficit and National Debt

Budget Deficit 2009- $1,420,000,000,000.00National Debt- $16,000,000,000,000.00

(roughly)What are the consequences?

Increase in interest rates for government borrowing Larger portions of yearly budget going towards

interest payments

Option 2: Other Program CutsYearly Budget Breakdown, Assuming No Tax Hikes

or Budget Deficits

Social Security, Medicare,

Medicaid, and Net Interest on Pre-2006 Debt

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041Fiscal Year

Spen

ding

as a

% o

f the

Fed

eral

Bud

get All Other

Programs

CSPAN (Senate Budget Committee Hearing on the National Debt)

http://www.c-span.org/Events/Senate-Budget-Cmte-Hearing-on-the-National-Debt/15914-1/

Record the following Who is speaking and what are their credentials?

Member of the Senate or the House of Representatives or do they have some other position?

If they are a politician, are they a Republican or a Democrat?

Summarize what each speaker says. Do you think that members of Congress have

knowledge of our long term budget problems?

Reflection Questions

Our long term issues regarding our budget are common knowledge among our politicians. If members of Congress agree that something needs to be

done, why won’t they take action to solve our long term budget problems?

In your opinion, What would need to happen for Congress to be willing to take action on this issue?

If Plato were speaking at the hearing what might he say? What would he suggest we do in order to come up with a solution

to our budget problems? What would he say about our system of govt.?

Our Political Beginnings

Read pg. 28-39 Define

Limited government Representative government Ordered government

Describe how each of the three Landmark English Documents may have shaped our government. Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights

Describe the three types of government in the English colonies.

What were the common features of the first state constitutions?

English Settlers Basic Concepts of Government Ordered Government- They created local

governments, based on those they had known in England

Limited Government- Colonists brought with them the idea that government is not all powerful. Government is restricted in what it may do, and each

individual has certain rights that government cannot take away.

Representative Government- Idea that government should serve the will of the people.

These three ideas can be traced back to the following landmark documents in English history.

Landmark English Documents

The Magna Carta- Signed by King John in 1215

Included fundamental rights such as trial by jury and due process of law, and protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty and property.

The Magna Carta established the principle that the power of the monarchy was not absolute.

Landmark English Documents

The Magna Carta was respected by some monarchs and ignored by others for 400 years.

Petition of Right- (1628)signed by King Charles I, the petition of right limited the Kings power in several ways.

Document demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person except by the lawful judgment of their peers, or by the law of the land.

No martial law (rule by military) in time of peace. Homeowners no longer required to shelter king’s

troops without their consent.

English Landmark Documents

English Bill of Rights- 1688 Stated that King and Queen could not

suspend law or execute law without consenting parliament.

Could not spend money for use of the crown without the consent of parliament.

It also states such rights as right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment.

Royal Colonies

Under direct control of the crown New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New

York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia (8 total)

Executive and legislature named by King

Proprietary Colonies

Land could be settled and governed as the proprietor (owner chose). Government much like royal colonies

except under proprietor’s control rather than the king.

Maryland Pennsylvania Deleware

Charter Colonies

Large degree of freedom from the king

Power held by white male property owners

Connecticut, Rhode Island

Growing Tension

Colonists enjoyed a great degree of independence pre 1760’

This begins to change Stamp act of 1765 Many hated policies dealing with taxes

and trade regulation First Continental Congress 1774 Second Continental Congress 1775

Constitution Articles of Confederation Limited Government Representative Government Unicameral Bicameral Popular Sovereignty House of Representatives Senate Federalists Anti-Federalists

Vocabulary

A New Nation

Articles of Confederation was the first attempt to establish a lasting government for the new nation

Which do you think had more power under the Articles of Confederation?◦ The regional colonial governments◦ The central government

Why?

Articles of Confederation

Congress was the sole body created.◦ Unicameral (1 house)- made up of delegates

chosen yearly by the states in whatever way their legislatures might direct.

Each state had one vote in congress no matter its population or wealth.

No executive or judicial branch Congress could make war and peace, send

and receive ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set up a money system, establish military, settle disputes among the states.

Articles of Confederation

Article of Confederation had critical weaknesses◦ Congress did not have the power to tax

Why is this a problem?◦ Congress did not have the power to regulate trade

between the states. Trade wars between states (Why is this a problem?)

◦ Congress lacked power to make states obey the Articles of Confederation or the laws it made. Congress needed consent of 9 of the 13 states to

exercise powers.◦ Articles could be amended only with the approval

of all 13 state legislatures.

Glaring Omissions

55 delegates met from all the states but Rhode Island.

Convention was originally to revise the articles of confederation.

Later the purpose of the Philadelphia Convention shifted to drafting a new constitution.

Philadelphia Convention (Constitutional Convention)

Political Cartoons-◦ Need to be persuasive

Can outline positive aspects of your chosen plan and/or negative aspects of the opposing plan.

◦ Pictures need to be creative, colorful and need to take up the entire page!

◦ You need to explain how your arguments are made through the symbolism in your cartoon (On the back side).

Speeches◦ 4 paragraphs in length◦ Highlights positive aspects of your plan◦ Highlights negative characteristics of opposing plan◦ Should be persuasive◦ Speech should be delivered in a serious manner

You need to make sure to highlight issues that were of primary concern during this debate!

Philadelphia Convention Grading Criteria

Why were the colonies unable to agree on either the Virginia Plan or New Jersey Plan?

Can you think of any compromises that could be made, in order to make a plan that could satisfy the different colonies?

Student Response

1 house or 2 houses in the legislature (congress)

Should representation be based on population or financial contributions like in the Virginia plan, or should representation be equal among the states like in the New Jersey Plan?

Key Differences between the plans

Connecticut Compromise Huge conflict over representation Conflict settled by creating two houses One house with representation equal in

each state (senate) Second house with representation

determined by population (house of representatives)

This settled the conventions most serious dispute, and was pivotal to the writing of the Constitution.

Often referred to as “Great Compromise”

Delegates came from 12 different states with varying geographic and economic terms.◦ Delegates often reflected the interests of their states.

Compromises were needed in making many decisions regarding the details within the constitution.◦ How will the president be selected?◦ How will treaties be made?◦ How will our national courts be structured?◦ Slavery (Representation?)

However, they agreed on the overriding principles of the constitution.

A Bundle of Compromises

Federalists- support ratification of the constitution.◦ James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay,

John Adams Anti-Federalists- opposition to ratification

◦ Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, John Hancock “I look upon that paper as the most fatal plan that

could possibly be conceived to enslave a free people”Patrick Henry

Federalists vs Anti-Federalists

Federalists◦ Stressed weaknesses of Articles.◦ Difficulties could only be overcome by a stronger

central govt. (constitution)

Anti-federalists◦ 2 biggest complaints

Loss of state sovereignty Lack of a bill of rights

No basic guarantee of basic rights and liberties.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

The United States ConstitutionKWL

Constitutions should consist only of general provisions; the reason is that they must necessarily be permanent,

and that they cannot calculate for the possible change of things.

Alexander Hamilton

In groups of 4,◦ Look over the constitution (Pg. 760)◦ List what you believe to be the basic principles of

the constitution. What is the governments purpose? What type of government does it establish?

How is power divided? Who has power?

What types of government values/principles are instilled in the new system?

Principles of the Constitution

1. Give examples of how each likely impacted/influenced our system of government.

A. Landmark English DocumentsA. Magna CartaB. Petition of RightC. English Bill of Rights

2. Under the Articles of Confederation, which had more power

A. Central or Local Govt.?3. What were the major problems the colonies had

under the Articles of Confederation?4. What were the primary conflicts between the

Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan proposals for a new system of Govt.?

5. Explain how the two sides compromised in order to come up with an agreed upon plan.

Popular Sovereignty- In the US, all political power resides in the people. The people are sovereign. Government can govern only with the consent of the governed.

Limited Government- ◦ “

A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine.”  Thomas Jefferson

◦ Government must act in a “constitutional way”. Government must obey the Rule of Law.

Basic Principles of The Constitution

Separation of Powers- The Constitution of the United States distributes power among Congress (Legislative Branch), The President (Executive Branch), and the courts (Judicial Branch).◦ Go through the constitution and search for the powers possessed by

each branch of Govt. Checks and Balances- Three branches are not completely

independent of one another. Each branches power is constrained by constitutional checks by the other branches.◦ http://www.cyberlearning-world.com/lessons/civics/checksandbalanc

es/interactive_checks_and_balances_flow_chart.htm

Judicial Review- essential part of checks and balances. Power of courts to determine whether what the government does is constitutional.

Basic Principles of the Constitution

Federalism- The division of power amongst the central government and several local governments.◦ Central Government/Federal Government (Washington DC)◦ Local Governments/State Governments◦ The constitution divides the powers among the two.

Look at the constitution and tell me which powers are given to the state and which are given to the federal (central) government.

Colonists fight to gain freedom from a strong central government

Articles of Confederation featured a weak central government.

The Constitution was a compromise.

Basic Principles of the Constitution

Rule of law veto Ratify Partisan bipartisan Checks and Balances Judicial Review Separation of Powers Constitutionalism Popular Sovereignty

Vocabulary Assignment

Federalism- a system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis between the central and regional governments.

In our system of government, the constitution grants certain powers of government to the states and certain powers to the federal (central) government.

Federalism

Exclusive powers- powers granted to the federal government by the constitution. These powers can be exercised by the national government alone.

Concurrent powers- powers exercised by the state and national government.

Reserved powers- powers not granted to the national government but not denied to the states.

Federalism

United States Constitution◦ Acts of Congress and Treaties

State Constitutions State statutes

City and County Charters and Ordinances

Supreme Court is umpire of federal system◦ One of its chief duties is to apply the Supremacy

Clause to the conflicts that the dual system of government produces.

Supremacy Clause

◦Explain why we are a federal government.

◦Define Concurrent powers Exclusive powers Reserved powers

Give me an example of each◦What is the Supremacy Clause? Why is it an essential part of our

government system?

You will be split into one of the three branches

Each branch will have a role in the simulation

Problem◦ The American people have spoken. 80 percent of

Americans polled, state that they believe that internet content needs to be censored, and that govt. needs to take action.

◦ Each branch will have a role in creating a govt. censoring system (for the internet).

Checks and Balances Simulation

Each pair of representatives must write a bill proposal.◦ Get your ideas for what should be censored and how it could be done

on paper!◦ Once all members have done this you will meet as a group and

discuss ideas for the final bill The final bill must include:

◦ Opening paragraph establishing the purpose of the bill◦ Bullet points laying out what will be censored

Language? Content?

◦ A paragraph explaining how it should be censored (made illegal, censoring agency etc……?)

◦ Final Paragraph summarizing why this bill is good for the American People.

◦ Once the bill is finalized Congress will vote on it.

Legislative Branch (Congress)

You made a campaign promise that you would clean up the content on the internet in order to provide a safe internet for everyone!

Must provide suggestions regarding◦ What should be censored◦ How it should be censored◦ Need to call meeting with members of congress in

order to layout your suggestions in detail. Must be ready to veto the bill or pass it. Must prepare a press release on decision and

read it in class.

Executive Branch (President)

Must research the constitution and its amendments in order to determine if the internet censorship bill could possibly be unconstitutional.

Must be ready to ask congress questions regarding the constitutionality of the bill.

10 questions that might help determine the constitutionality of the bill

Judicial Branch (Supreme Court)

List powers exercised by each branch of Govt. during this simulation.

Give examples of how each branch could have checked the other branches power in this simulation.

Explain the influence that checks and balances had on each branch of Govt.

Do you think that one branch of Govt. has more power than the others, or do you think that power is divided equally among the three branches?◦ Give an explanation for your answer!

Checks and balances reflection

Methods for proposal◦ Proposed by Congress by a 2/3 majority vote in

both houses◦ Proposed at a national convention called by

Congress when requested by 2/3 (34) of state legislatures (has never happened)

Methods for ratification◦ Ratified by state legislatures in ¾ of the states

(38)◦ Ratified by conventions held in ¾ of the states

(38) 21st amendment only one

Amending the Constitution

“A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine.”  Thomas Jefferson

How does our process of amending the constitution lend itself to the ideas of democracy and popular sovereignty?

Our process of amending is more difficult than making a national law, which requires only a simple majority.◦ Why make the amending process so much more

difficult?

Amendments to the Constitution

The Political Spectrum

Where do you stand?

What is a Continuum?

• A person’s views on the issues help determine where they fall on the political spectrum.

• The labels used on the spectrum are not pure categories, but they make up a continuum, or value line, and citizens and politicians fall somewhere on that line depending on what they believe.

Factors That Determine Placement

• Two major factors shape political views. • The first is how much change a person is willing

to have within their society and government. • The second deals with how much government

involvement in the economy a person calls for.

Political Labels• To see where you stand, you would have to figure

out where you stand on a number of social (people-related), economic (money-related), and political (governmental) issues.

• First you need definitions of the terms radical, liberal, conservative, and reactionary.

What is a Radical?• Seen as being on the far left

of the political spectrum, radicals call for wide-sweeping rapid change in the basic structure of the political, social, or economic system.

• They may be willing to resort to extreme methods to bring about change, including the use of violence and revolution.

V.I. Lenin: Mastermind of the Russian

Revolution and Father of the Soviet Union

What is a Liberal?• Economic Liberal

– Those who believe government should do more to assist people who have difficulty meeting their economic needs on their own.

• Social (cultural) Liberal– Those who believe it is not

government’s role to protect traditional values at the expense of unconventional or new values

• Liberals reject violent Revolution as a way of achieving change.

Former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-California)

What is a Moderate?• Moderates may share

viewpoints with both liberals and conservatives.

• They are seen as tolerant of other people’s views, and they do not hold extreme views of their own.

• They advocate a “go-slow” or “wait-and-see” approach to social or political change.

Sen. Joe Lieberman (D-CT) is generally seen as a moderate.

What is a Conservative?• People who hold conservative

ideals favor keeping things the way they are or maintaining the status quo.

• Social conservative- • Economic conservative

– Govt. should have less involvement in the economy

• They feel that Govt. should promote social values

• the less government there is, the better.

• They agree with Jefferson’s view that “the best government governs least.”John Boehner (R-Ohio) New Speaker of

the House (House majority leader)

What is a Reactionary?• Sitting on the far right of the

ideological spectrum, reactionaries want to go back to the way things were—the “good ol’ days.” Often reactionaries are willing to use extreme methods, such as repressive use of government power, to achieve their goals.

• The term “reactionary is generally negative. A positive way to say the same thing is “arch-conservative.” Hitler’s Mein Kampf is a typical

reactionary manifesto

Factors that influence public opinion

• Family– Lays the foundations

• The school– How does a school impact people?

• Mass Media– Which type of media do you choose to get information

from?• Peer Groups• Opinion Leaders

– Examples?• Historic Events

– How can historic events change public opinion?

Section 3 Chapter 8The Mass Media

• What is the role of mass media in our society?• Are all media sources created equal?

– Explain• What makes a source of media more credible than

others?– List all types of media you can think of

• Which sources of media are the best? Explain• Do you believe that mass media has a major

influence on peoples opinions today?

Media Bias

• What is media bias?• to cause partiality or favoritism in;

influence unfairly– a particular tendency or inclination, esp. one

that prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question; prejudice.

• Do we have bias in our political media?– Examples?

Clips

• Record where each source of media would fall on the spectrum. Explain why you put them where you did.

• What is the impact of media bias on our society?

• Who is to blame for media bias?• Reflect on your original answer’

– Do you believe the media has a great impact on public opinion?

Read Chapter 8 Section 1 and Section 3

• Section 1 Assessment- Questions 1-6 (6pts)• Section 3 Assessment- Questions 1-6 (6pts)

– Don’t forget, Vocabulary Assignment due on Tuesday (10 points)

Vocabulary Assignment

• Liberal• Conservative• Moderate• Reactionary• Radical• Libertarian• populist

• Federalism• Republic (Republican

Government)