Ruppert GraubergerRuppert Grauberger

Chief, Mapping & Chief, Mapping & PhotogrammetryPhotogrammetry

Division of EngineeringDivision of Engineering

Introduction toIntroduction toGeographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems

and ESRI ArcGISand ESRI ArcGIS®® ®®

A GIS integrates hardware, software, data, and people A GIS integrates hardware, software, data, and people for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geospatially referenced information.forms of geospatially referenced information. all all featuresfeatures “know” where they are in relation to one “know” where they are in relation to one

anotheranother

spatial relationships can be calculated, such as spatial relationships can be calculated, such as distances, overlap, intersections, nearest neighbors, distances, overlap, intersections, nearest neighbors, within an area vs. outside an area, etc.within an area vs. outside an area, etc.

maps can be mademaps can be made

GGeographic eographic IInformation nformation SSystemystem

What is GIS?What is GIS?

What can you do with What can you do with GIS?GIS?

1.1.Create mapsCreate maps• Complete control over formatting: size, zoom/scale, Complete control over formatting: size, zoom/scale,

labels, colors, fonts, symbols, etc.labels, colors, fonts, symbols, etc.• Maps can be printed, imported into documents, put Maps can be printed, imported into documents, put

in presentationsin presentations

2.2.Analyze data to determine patterns and Analyze data to determine patterns and trends, e.g.:trends, e.g.:

• ““find and display all known hazardous waste sites find and display all known hazardous waste sites within 200’ of Cal. Aqueduct and within 500’ of an within 200’ of Cal. Aqueduct and within 500’ of an urban levee”urban levee”

• ““find and list all known occurrences of Giant Garter find and list all known occurrences of Giant Garter Snakes that 1) are in Sacramento County and 2) are Snakes that 1) are in Sacramento County and 2) are within 500 feet of a road and 3) are on public land.”within 500 feet of a road and 3) are on public land.”

What will you learn in this What will you learn in this class?class?

Basic principles of GIS and geospatial Basic principles of GIS and geospatial datadata

How to use ESRI ArcGIS Desktop How to use ESRI ArcGIS Desktop software software

open and operate the software, locate open and operate the software, locate and use geographic data, produce resultsand use geographic data, produce results

Basic cartography (map-making)Basic cartography (map-making) create maps and print/save/export themcreate maps and print/save/export them

GIS dataGIS data

•GIS data files contain GIS data files contain locationlocation AND AND attributesattributes that describe something of that describe something of interestinterest

•Data come in various formats, e.g. Data come in various formats, e.g. “shapefiles”, feature classes, geodatabases, “shapefiles”, feature classes, geodatabases, raster filesraster files

•GIS data files are not simple files, and a GIS data files are not simple files, and a special data management module is used special data management module is used to copy/move/paste filesto copy/move/paste files

GIS dataGIS dataGeographic data come as two major types:Geographic data come as two major types:

1.1. VectorVector data data•Consists of information that describes geometric features Consists of information that describes geometric features (x,y coordinates of points, and lines connecting the points) (x,y coordinates of points, and lines connecting the points) and an associated table of dataand an associated table of data

•Only one kind of geometry is stored in any one vector data Only one kind of geometry is stored in any one vector data filefile

─PointsPoints─LinesLines─PolygonsPolygons

•geographic relationships among features can be assessedgeographic relationships among features can be assessed

•File types include: feature classes [geodatabases], File types include: feature classes [geodatabases], shapefiles, coveragesshapefiles, coverages

GIS dataGIS data

2.2. RasterRaster data data

• Two-dimensional array of cells (pixels)Two-dimensional array of cells (pixels)• each one the same sizeeach one the same size• each one storing some value each one storing some value

• No individual featuresNo individual features

• Continuous versus discreteContinuous versus discrete

• Several common types, Several common types, jpg, .tif, .bmp, .png, .sid, .ecwjpg, .tif, .bmp, .png, .sid, .ecw

•GIS software packages display, manipulate and GIS software packages display, manipulate and analyze geographic dataanalyze geographic data

•There are several GIS computer programs, There are several GIS computer programs, includingincluding

•Bentley MapBentley Map•GRASSGRASS•AutoDesk GeospatialAutoDesk Geospatial•Google EarthGoogle Earth•MapInfoMapInfo

•ESRI ArcGIS Desktop ESRI ArcGIS Desktop is by far the industry is by far the industry leaderleader

GIS softwareGIS software

•ArcViewArcView®®, , ArcInfoArcInfo®®: Different levels (i.e., : Different levels (i.e., costcost) of ) of licensing and functionalitylicensing and functionality

• Optional extensions for specialized applications are sold Optional extensions for specialized applications are sold separatelyseparately

•Licenses: “floating” or “concurrent use”, vs. “single Licenses: “floating” or “concurrent use”, vs. “single seat”seat”

* DWR has DWR has unlimitedunlimited floating licenses for ArcView floating licenses for ArcView and ArcInfo, and for most of the specialized and ArcInfo, and for most of the specialized extensionsextensions

* All staff can have ArcGIS Desktop installed on their All staff can have ArcGIS Desktop installed on their computercomputer

** Talk to your LAN administrator **** Talk to your LAN administrator **

GIS softwareGIS softwareESRIESRI®® ArcGIS ArcGIS®® Desktop Desktop

•ArcViewArcView contains all the main software, contains all the main software, provides all but the most advanced level of provides all but the most advanced level of functionality, and is the most commonly usedfunctionality, and is the most commonly used

•semi-independent modulessemi-independent modules

•ArcMapArcMap: the main module for map-: the main module for map-making and data analysismaking and data analysis

•ArcCatalogArcCatalog: GIS file management: GIS file management

ArcViewArcView

Some terminologySome terminology ““shapefiles”, feature class, geodatabases, raster filesshapefiles”, feature class, geodatabases, raster files

attributesattributes: information associated with each item in a : information associated with each item in a layer, contained in a table underlying the geographic datalayer, contained in a table underlying the geographic data

FeatureFeature: one item (point, line, polygon) in a layer: one item (point, line, polygon) in a layer

Map documentMap document: a formatted : a formatted representationrepresentation of data of data (colors, labels, fonts, etc.) created in ArcMap and stored (colors, labels, fonts, etc.) created in ArcMap and stored in an “mxd”in an “mxd”

The map The map onlyonly displays data, does not affect the original displays data, does not affect the original data in any waydata in any way

data data layerlayer: a set of data on a map, with its own set of : a set of data on a map, with its own set of formatting, with a specific order in the overlay “stack”formatting, with a specific order in the overlay “stack”

datumdatum (NAD83, NAD27, WGS84), (NAD83, NAD27, WGS84), coordinate systemcoordinate system (lat/long, UTM, State Plane), (lat/long, UTM, State Plane), projectionprojection (Albers, Teale (Albers, Teale Albers, UTM)Albers, UTM)

Let’s make a map!Let’s make a map!

StepsSteps1.1.Open ArcMap Open ArcMap

modulemodule2.2.Add data layersAdd data layers3.3.Format mapFormat map4.4.Save/print/exportSave/print/export

What makes a good map?What makes a good map?

Has all Has all required elementsrequired elements Scale barScale bar North arrowNorth arrow LegendLegend TitleTitle

Easy to read and understandEasy to read and understand Size, scale, zoomSize, scale, zoom ClutterClutter Colors, contrast, fontsColors, contrast, fonts Background, borders, title, Background, borders, title,

explanatory notes, etc.explanatory notes, etc.

1.1. Open ArcMapOpen ArcMap

• Start Start All Programs All Programs ArcGIS ArcGIS ArcMapArcMap

• ““An existing map”An existing map”• ““Browse for map…” Browse for map…” “OK” “OK”• Navigate to a sample MXD fileNavigate to a sample MXD file

• Important parts to notice in ArcMap windowImportant parts to notice in ArcMap window• ToolbarsToolbars• Table of ContentsTable of Contents• data windowdata window• data view, layout view, and refresh view buttonsdata view, layout view, and refresh view buttons

I. Opening mapsI. Opening maps

1.1. Open ArcMapOpen ArcMap

• Start Start All Programs All Programs ArcGIS ArcGIS ArcMapArcMap

• ““New empty map”New empty map”

• Important parts to notice in ArcMap windowImportant parts to notice in ArcMap window• ToolbarsToolbars• Table of ContentsTable of Contents• data windowdata window• data view, layout view, and refresh view buttonsdata view, layout view, and refresh view buttons

II. Creating mapsII. Creating maps

II. Creating mapsII. Creating maps

2.2.Add layers to the mapAdd layers to the map Add Data: use toolbar button to open data browse window Add Data: use toolbar button to open data browse window

If necessary, connect to data folder using toolbar button on Add Data If necessary, connect to data folder using toolbar button on Add Data dialog box: dialog box:

Data folder: Data folder: Desktop Desktop GIS_class_data GIS_class_data1.1.county boundariescounty boundaries2.2.State Water Project (SWP) waterwaysState Water Project (SWP) waterways3.3.SWP water bodiesSWP water bodies4.4.major roadsmajor roads

Arrange layers in correct orderArrange layers in correct order

Save map fileSave map file with a meaningful namewith a meaningful name: – use up to 256 characters in file name!: – use up to 256 characters in file name! in a folder you will remember: PLEASE use “My_GIS_files” folder in a folder you will remember: PLEASE use “My_GIS_files” folder

on Desktopon Desktop

3.3. Format mapFormat map

a)a) Switch to Layout View Switch to Layout View (button in lower-left of (button in lower-left of main window frame)main window frame)

b)b) Adjust symbols, colors, etc. for each layerAdjust symbols, colors, etc. for each layer Right-click Right-click Properties; or click on patch Properties; or click on patch

c)c) Zoom to desired extentZoom to desired extent Use Data Zoom tools on toolbar: Use Data Zoom tools on toolbar:

d)d) Insert and format legend, scale bar, north arrow, titleInsert and format legend, scale bar, north arrow, title Menu Menu Insert Insert

Make it look niceMake it look nice Save the fileSave the file

II. Creating mapsII. Creating maps

4.4.Print, export, or copy/paste Print, export, or copy/paste mapmap

PrintingPrinting creates a hard copy directly from creates a hard copy directly from the map:the map: File File Print Print

ExportingExporting to a different file creates a fixed to a different file creates a fixed map that can be used elsewheremap that can be used elsewhere File File Export map Export map

PDF – Best form for final document or emailingPDF – Best form for final document or emailing jpg, tif, png, etc.: for inserting into other documentsjpg, tif, png, etc.: for inserting into other documents

Copying/pastingCopying/pasting into another application into another application creates an embedded picturecreates an embedded picture Edit Edit Copy Map to Clipboard Copy Map to Clipboard paste from clipboard into any Windows applicationpaste from clipboard into any Windows application

Examine your final mapExamine your final map Use Page Zoom tools to look at page detailsUse Page Zoom tools to look at page details

Is the map easy to read and understand?Is the map easy to read and understand? Size, scale, zoomSize, scale, zoom ClutterClutter Colors, contrast, fontsColors, contrast, fonts Background, borders, title, explanatory notes, etc.Background, borders, title, explanatory notes, etc.

Does it have all the things needed to interpret it?Does it have all the things needed to interpret it? Scale bar, North arrowScale bar, North arrow LegendLegend TitleTitle notesnotes

Some general tips for ArcGISSome general tips for ArcGIS

When in doubt, try a right-clickWhen in doubt, try a right-click• Opens up many of the appropriate option Opens up many of the appropriate option menusmenus

Everything has LOTS of optionsEverything has LOTS of options• Don’t be intimidated, and don’t get lost in the Don’t be intimidated, and don’t get lost in the choiceschoices

SAVE YOUR WORK OFTENSAVE YOUR WORK OFTEN• Sudden program crashes are not uncommon, Sudden program crashes are not uncommon, and there is no autosave/backup function in and there is no autosave/backup function in ArcGISArcGIS

Map (MXD) files are small, so make lots of Map (MXD) files are small, so make lots of backup copies of maps as neededbackup copies of maps as needed

1.1. Open a new blank mapOpen a new blank map2.2. Add data layersAdd data layers

a)a)CA Raven map CA Raven map b)b)county boundariescounty boundariesc)c)SWP waterbodiesSWP waterbodiesd)d)SWP waterwaysSWP waterways

3.3. Include required elements:Include required elements:• Scale barScale bar• North arrowNorth arrow• LegendLegend• TitleTitle

4.4. Format and save mapFormat and save map- Make it look nice!Make it look nice!

Make a(nother) mapMake a(nother) map

SymbologySymbology

LabelingLabeling

III. Advanced III. Advanced formattingformatting

SymbologySymbology Up until now we have displayed all layers so all Up until now we have displayed all layers so all

features are the same format (uncategorized)features are the same format (uncategorized) Layers can be categorized and formatted Layers can be categorized and formatted

differently according to differences in an differently according to differences in an attributeattribute in the underlying table, e.g., different in the underlying table, e.g., different colorscolors

1.1. Format the county layer so they are colored Format the county layer so they are colored differently by name [right-click the layer] differently by name [right-click the layer] Properties Properties Symbology Symbology Categories Categories

2.2. Categorize SWP waterways and water bodies Categorize SWP waterways and water bodies by by Field DivisionField Division

LabelingLabeling Labels can be automatically generated for Labels can be automatically generated for

each feature using the layer’s each feature using the layer’s attributesattributes Labels can be formatted as desiredLabels can be formatted as desired Labels can be toggled on/offLabels can be toggled on/off

1.1.Label counties with county nameLabel counties with county name [right-click] [right-click] Properties Properties Labels Labels

- Select which field will be used for label: Select which field will be used for label: Label FieldLabel Field

- Choose a fontChoose a font- Adjust Adjust Placement PropertiesPlacement Properties if desired if desired- Turn labels on (checkbox)Turn labels on (checkbox)

3.3.Zoom to an appropriate extentZoom to an appropriate extent

Combining labeling and Combining labeling and symbology to convey symbology to convey

additional informationadditional information AddAdd CNDDB plant data CNDDB plant data

SymbolizeSymbolize CNDDB plant occurrences by CNDDB plant occurrences by Federal Status, Federal Status, andand labellabel with common with common namename

When finished with labels and symbols, Save as When finished with labels and symbols, Save as Layer fileLayer file (*.lyr) to save all your formatting and labeling work(*.lyr) to save all your formatting and labeling work

right-click right-click save as Layer file save as Layer file

Save/print/exportSave/print/export

Make another map!Make another map! Open new blank mapOpen new blank map Add data layers:Add data layers:

1.1. County boundaries: zCounty boundaries: zoom to Sacramento oom to Sacramento CountyCounty

2.2. SoilsSoils Zoom to layer: right-clickZoom to layer: right-click symbolize by soil name:symbolize by soil name:

• Properties Properties Symbology Symbology make partially transparent:make partially transparent:

• Properties Properties Display Display3.3. Sacramento County aerial Sacramento County aerial

photograph rasterphotograph raster• naip_1-1_1n_s_ca067_2005_1.sidnaip_1-1_1n_s_ca067_2005_1.sid

Properly format and save mapProperly format and save map

Extent rectanglesExtent rectangles

Extent rectangles Extent rectangles dynamically display dynamically display the location of one the location of one data frame in a data frame in a second data framesecond data frameSacramento, CA

Davis, CA

Extent rectanglesExtent rectangles

InsertInsert a new frame on your map a new frame on your map In Layout view you will be able to see both framesIn Layout view you will be able to see both frames In Data View you can only view one frame at a timeIn Data View you can only view one frame at a time

Rename the layer (e.g., “extent map”)Rename the layer (e.g., “extent map”)

Right-click the Right-click the frameframe Properties Properties Instead of a layer property, this is a data frame Instead of a layer property, this is a data frame

propertyproperty ““Extent Rectangles” tabExtent Rectangles” tab Add the other layer as the “show extent Add the other layer as the “show extent

rectangles for these data frames”rectangles for these data frames”

Add new layers to your map:Add new layers to your map:1.1. California levees: label with California levees: label with

namename2.2. CNDDB animals: symbolize by CNDDB animals: symbolize by

State statusState status

To speed things up:To speed things up:1.1. Turn off (uncheck) all layers not being used at Turn off (uncheck) all layers not being used at

the momentthe moment2.2. Work in Data View (vs. Page View)Work in Data View (vs. Page View)

IV. Analysis - part 1IV. Analysis - part 1

Identifying attributesIdentifying attributes

Finding data Finding data on the basis of attributeson the basis of attributeson the basis of locationon the basis of location

Selectively hiding/showing dataSelectively hiding/showing data

Identifying data Identifying data attributesattributes

Identify (“Identify (“ii”) tool will show all the attributes for ”) tool will show all the attributes for one or more specific features that you click onone or more specific features that you click on

- Click on the “i” button, then click on some features Click on the “i” button, then click on some features to see their attributesto see their attributes

- Draw a box to see attributes of multiple featuresDraw a box to see attributes of multiple features

Opening the attribute table of a layer provides Opening the attribute table of a layer provides access to all the data for all features in a layeraccess to all the data for all features in a layer

- Right-click layer Right-click layer Open Attribute Table Open Attribute Table

Searching for and Searching for and selecting featuresselecting features

Select by attributesSelect by attributes Finding data on the basis of information in the attribute Finding data on the basis of information in the attribute

table: menu: table: menu: Menu: Select Menu: Select Select By Attributes Select By Attributes

1.1. Find Sacramento County using Select by Attributes dialogFind Sacramento County using Select by Attributes dialoga)a) Zoom to selected featuresZoom to selected features

right-click right-click Selection Selection Zoom to selected features Zoom to selected features

2.2. Select all SWP waterbodies in the Oroville Field DivisionSelect all SWP waterbodies in the Oroville Field Divisiona)a) Create a new layer with only selected data pointsCreate a new layer with only selected data points

Create a new layer with selected featuresCreate a new layer with selected features Right-click layer Right-click layer Selection Selection Create layer from selected Create layer from selected

featuresfeatures Zoom to layerZoom to layer

Right-click Right-click Zoom to layer Zoom to layer Rename layer and symbolizeRename layer and symbolize

Select by locationSelect by locationFinding data on the basis of it’s location Finding data on the basis of it’s location

relative to other data setsrelative to other data setse.g., intersects, contains, is contained by, e.g., intersects, contains, is contained by,

within a distance of, etc.within a distance of, etc.Menu: Select Menu: Select Select By Location Select By Location

1.1.Select all counties intersected by SWP waterwaySelect all counties intersected by SWP waterwayCreate a new layer with selected featuresCreate a new layer with selected features

Right-click layer Right-click layer Selection Selection Create layer from selected Create layer from selected featuresfeatures

Zoom to layerZoom to layer Rename layer and symbolizeRename layer and symbolize

Searching for and Searching for and selecting featuresselecting features

Combining selectionsCombining selections Find all counties that are intersected Find all counties that are intersected

by SWP waterways and contain SWP by SWP waterways and contain SWP waterbodieswaterbodies

Stepwise selectionStepwise selection

1.1. Select counties by location (intersected by waterways)Select counties by location (intersected by waterways)2.2. From that setFrom that set, select by location (contain waterbodies), select by location (contain waterbodies)3.3. Export the selected set to a new fileExport the selected set to a new file

The order is interchangeableThe order is interchangeable

Searching for and Searching for and selecting featuresselecting features

Properties dialog, and Properties dialog, and ToolbarsToolbars

The Properties dialog boxes are a central The Properties dialog boxes are a central place where most of settings are madeplace where most of settings are made Layer PropertiesLayer Properties Data Frame PropertiesData Frame Properties Legend properties, scale bar properties, etc.Legend properties, scale bar properties, etc.

ToolbarsToolbars Main ToolbarMain Toolbar Page ToolsPage Tools Showing, hiding, moving toolbarsShowing, hiding, moving toolbars

Selective display of dataSelective display of data Sometimes you don’t want to show all dataSometimes you don’t want to show all data Several ways to do it, with different outcomes Several ways to do it, with different outcomes

1.1. Add Add Public LandsPublic Lands layer layer

2.2. Display only lands managed by City of Sacramento (PRIMMNGR Display only lands managed by City of Sacramento (PRIMMNGR field):field):

a)a)Create symbols only for category of interestCreate symbols only for category of interest• Properties Properties Symbology Symbology

b)b) Select polygons and create a layer with selectionSelect polygons and create a layer with selection• 1) Select by Attributes1) Select by Attributes• 2) Create Layer from Selected Features2) Create Layer from Selected Features

c)c) Create a Create a definition querydefinition query• Properties Properties Definition Query Definition Query

d)d)Select polygons and export to a new fileSelect polygons and export to a new file• 1) Select by Attributes1) Select by Attributes• 2) right-click 2) right-click Data Data Export Data Export Data Selected Features Selected Features

Make a new map

Open new blank map Add data layers

Dams: label with name Cities: label with name Soils Counties DWR Region boundaries:

symbolize by region name Add extent map inset Format and export map

Joining data layers to Joining data layers to other sources of dataother sources of data

Join by AttributesJoin by Attributes: you can add additional information : you can add additional information to each feature if you can match each feature to a row to each feature if you can match each feature to a row in a different table in Excel, Lotus, etcin a different table in Excel, Lotus, etc

New information can be used to categorize, do New information can be used to categorize, do calculations, etc.calculations, etc.

JoinJoin the Soils layer the Soils layer to a table to a table indicating each soil’s indicating each soil’s farmland value statusfarmland value status

Table name = “Soil_Soil_mapunit.xls”Table name = “Soil_Soil_mapunit.xls” Join field = “MUSYM”Join field = “MUSYM”

Symbolize soils by PRIMFMLD attributeSymbolize soils by PRIMFMLD attribute

Joining data layers to Joining data layers to other sources of dataother sources of data

Join by LocationJoin by Location: you can add additional : you can add additional information to each feature on the basis of information to each feature on the basis of features in other layersfeatures in other layers

Two methodsTwo methods

1.1. Join to closest: Add information to each dam Join to closest: Add information to each dam indicating the closest cityindicating the closest city

JoinJoin the dams layer the dams layer by location by location to city polygon to city polygon closest to itclosest to it

2.2. Join to intersecting: Add information to each dam Join to intersecting: Add information to each dam indicating what DWR district it is inindicating what DWR district it is in

Join the dams layer by location to DWR district polygon Join the dams layer by location to DWR district polygon it falls it falls insideinside

Make a new mapMake a new map

1.1. Cities: label with nameCities: label with name

2.2. Counties: zoom to Sacramento CountyCounties: zoom to Sacramento County

3.3. Sacramento County soilsSacramento County soils

4.4. Extent map frame, with counties as Extent map frame, with counties as backgroundbackground

Don’t forget scale bar, north arrow, legend, Don’t forget scale bar, north arrow, legend, titletitle

SaveSave/export/export

Make it look nice!Make it look nice!

Add “Major Roads.lyr”, in the Add “Major Roads.lyr”, in the “Layers” folder“Layers” folder

Demonstration of “lyr” file and broken data Demonstration of “lyr” file and broken data linklink

Red exclamation point indicates Red exclamation point indicates missing data sourcemissing data source Click exclamation, find correct path to Click exclamation, find correct path to

data sourcedata source Save as a new layer file with correct pathSave as a new layer file with correct path

IV. Creating/editing new IV. Creating/editing new datadata

Nothing we have done yet has Nothing we have done yet has actually affected underlying dataactually affected underlying data•just selecting and displaying it just selecting and displaying it differentlydifferently

New data can be created, as part of New data can be created, as part of an analysis or on it’s own, and an analysis or on it’s own, and existing data can be editedexisting data can be edited

** ArcToolBox, and the Editor ** ArcToolBox, and the Editor toolbar **toolbar **

ClippingClippingCutting one layer (line or polygon) with the outline Cutting one layer (line or polygon) with the outline

of another (polygon only), like a “cookie-cutter”of another (polygon only), like a “cookie-cutter”

Create a map showing only soils within the Create a map showing only soils within the City of SacramentoCity of Sacramento Add cities layerAdd cities layer Select Sacramento, CA Select Sacramento, CA

• Clip will use only the selected urban area as the “clipper”Clip will use only the selected urban area as the “clipper” clipclip the soils layer with the cities layer: the soils layer with the cities layer:

• ArcToolbox: Analysis Tools ArcToolbox: Analysis Tools Extract Extract Clip Clip Calculate the new acreage of each soil polygonCalculate the new acreage of each soil polygon

• Open attribute tableOpen attribute table• Right-click “Acres” heading Right-click “Acres” heading Calculate Geometry Calculate Geometry

1.1.Sacramento County aerial photo Sacramento County aerial photo rasterraster

2.2.Major roads (use new .lyr file)Major roads (use new .lyr file)

3.3.CNDDB plants: symbolize by state CNDDB plants: symbolize by state statusstatus

4.4.leveeslevees

Make a new mapMake a new map

ArcCatalogArcCatalog

File managementFile management Creating, copying, Creating, copying,

moving, etc.moving, etc. Editing basic propertiesEditing basic properties Data and map previewData and map preview METADATAMETADATA

On-screen creation of new features, using a On-screen creation of new features, using a georeferenced base such as an aerial georeferenced base such as an aerial photographphotograph

• ““heads-up” digitizingheads-up” digitizing

Steps:Steps:1.1. create a file to hold datacreate a file to hold data

2.2. trace out new features as polygons in the new trace out new features as polygons in the new file, add attributes, save informationfile, add attributes, save information

3.3. Calculate area of new featuresCalculate area of new features

4.4. Use data: symbolize, label, etc.Use data: symbolize, label, etc.

DigitizingDigitizing

1.1. Create a file to hold new dataCreate a file to hold new data

a)a) Create a new file in Create a new file in ArcCatalogArcCatalog File File New New Shapefile Shapefile name = “Sac_County_features”name = “Sac_County_features” Feature type = PolygonFeature type = Polygon Spatial reference: UTM, NAD83, zone 10Spatial reference: UTM, NAD83, zone 10

• Can also “Import” coordinate system from photo, to make Can also “Import” coordinate system from photo, to make sure they matchsure they match

b)b)Format the new file to hold the attributes you want to Format the new file to hold the attributes you want to save with the polygonssave with the polygons Right-click Right-click Properties Properties Add 2 new text fields in empty spots: “Name” (text), “Type” Add 2 new text fields in empty spots: “Name” (text), “Type”

(text)(text) Add 1 number field: Acres (float)Add 1 number field: Acres (float)

DigitizingDigitizing

DigitizingDigitizing2.2. Trace out new features as polygons in the new file, Trace out new features as polygons in the new file,

add attributes, save informationadd attributes, save information

a)a) Go back to ArcMap, add “Sac_County_features.shp” layerGo back to ArcMap, add “Sac_County_features.shp” layer

b)b) Open layer for editingOpen layer for editing

i.i. Editor button Editor button Start Editing Start Editing• TargetTarget = “Sac_County_features” = “Sac_County_features”• Task = “Create New Features”Task = “Create New Features”

ii.ii. Using the Using the SketchSketch (pencil) tool and the aerial photo as a (pencil) tool and the aerial photo as a base, trace out:base, trace out:

Sacramento International AirportSacramento International Airport Capitol ParkCapitol Park Sacramento City CemeterySacramento City Cemetery William Land ParkWilliam Land Park

iii.iii. Using the Using the AttributesAttributes button on the Editor toolbar, fill in button on the Editor toolbar, fill in “Name” and “Type”“Name” and “Type”

iv.iv. Save the edits and stop editing: Editor button Save the edits and stop editing: Editor button Save Save Edits Edits Stop Editing Stop Editing

3.3. Calculate area (e.g., acres, sq. feet) Calculate area (e.g., acres, sq. feet) of new featuresof new features

a)a) Open attribute table for Open attribute table for Sac_County_Features (right-click layer Sac_County_Features (right-click layer Open Attribute Table) Open Attribute Table)

b)b) Right-click “Acres” heading Right-click “Acres” heading Calculate GeometryCalculate Geometry

DigitizingDigitizing

3.3. Symbolize and label new Symbolize and label new features on the map using new features on the map using new attributesattributes

a)a) Label each feature with NameLabel each feature with Name

b)b) Categorize (symbolize) by TypeCategorize (symbolize) by Type

DigitizingDigitizing

BufferingBuffering

Buffers are areas around a feature that Buffers are areas around a feature that extend the boundaries by a defined extend the boundaries by a defined amountamount

Buffer tool: Buffer tool: ArcToolBox ArcToolBox Analysis Analysis ProximityProximity

Create a 10 mile buffer around Create a 10 mile buffer around Sacramento International AirportSacramento International Airport

Add buffer polygon to mapAdd buffer polygon to map

BufferingBuffering Buffers are used to determine and analyze specific Buffers are used to determine and analyze specific

areas around a feature, e.g., selecting, clippingareas around a feature, e.g., selecting, clipping

Clip roads within 10 miles of Sacramento Airport with Clip roads within 10 miles of Sacramento Airport with bufferbuffer

ArcToolbox Analysis Tools ExtractArcToolbox Analysis Tools Extract Clip levees within 10 miles of Sacramento AirportClip levees within 10 miles of Sacramento Airport Select all CNDDB_animals that intersect 10 mile buffer Select all CNDDB_animals that intersect 10 mile buffer

and create a new layerand create a new layer

Create and format a map of “Area of Impact Analysis for Create and format a map of “Area of Impact Analysis for Proposed Expansion of SMF”, showing an analysis area Proposed Expansion of SMF”, showing an analysis area within a 10 mile radius and the resources impacted within a 10 mile radius and the resources impacted within that areawithin that area

Importing dataImporting data A table with X and Y coordinate columns (and A table with X and Y coordinate columns (and

any other attributes) can be imported as any other attributes) can be imported as points, IF you know, or can guess, the points, IF you know, or can guess, the coordinate system they are incoordinate system they are in

Create a point layer by importing data from Create a point layer by importing data from “GPS_Import.xls”“GPS_Import.xls”

Export to a new fileExport to a new file

Note: GPS points are usually pre-processed Note: GPS points are usually pre-processed by the GPS software into GIS data filesby the GPS software into GIS data files

data files; vector vs. rasterdata files; vector vs. raster Feature Classes, Geodatabases, Feature Classes, Geodatabases,

ShapefilesShapefiles RastersRasters Map (data) layers, map document (MXD) Map (data) layers, map document (MXD)

filefile Features, attributes, attribute tableFeatures, attributes, attribute table Symbology, categories, labelsSymbology, categories, labels LayerLayer files (*.lyr) files (*.lyr) MetadataMetadata Projection, datum, coordinate systemProjection, datum, coordinate system

Terminology reviewTerminology review

Rasters = collections of pixels, on a rectangular gridRasters = collections of pixels, on a rectangular grid each pixel has values for display intensity/brightnesseach pixel has values for display intensity/brightness Each pixel represents a specific area on the ground = raster pixel size, e.g., 1m pixels = Each pixel represents a specific area on the ground = raster pixel size, e.g., 1m pixels =

raster resolutionraster resolution Each pixel has a value for “brightness”Each pixel has a value for “brightness”

Rasters can have one band : grayscale Rasters can have one band : grayscale Rasters can have multiple bands, e.g., Red, Green, Blue, IRRasters can have multiple bands, e.g., Red, Green, Blue, IR

– When each band is displayed in the color they are representing a simulated “true-color When each band is displayed in the color they are representing a simulated “true-color image” is produced (red displayed as red, blue as blue, etc.)image” is produced (red displayed as red, blue as blue, etc.)

– When a different color is used, a “false-color” image is produced (e.g., IR as red)When a different color is used, a “false-color” image is produced (e.g., IR as red)

Properly processed GIS rasters are Properly processed GIS rasters are georeferenced georeferenced andand orthorectifiedorthorectified.. Georeferencing a raster (e.g., an aerial photo) can be accomplished in ArcMapGeoreferencing a raster (e.g., an aerial photo) can be accomplished in ArcMap Proper orthorectification of a raster cannot be done in ArcMapProper orthorectification of a raster cannot be done in ArcMap

Rasters come in many graphics file format, such as jpg, tif, bmp, Rasters come in many graphics file format, such as jpg, tif, bmp, etc.etc. MrSID fileMrSID file = = MMulti-ulti-RResolutional esolutional SSeamless eamless IImage mage DDatabase (*.sid)atabase (*.sid) ECWECW = = EEnhanced nhanced CCompression ompression WWaveletavelet

Symbology specifications let you manipulate the display – contrast, coloring, etc. Symbology specifications let you manipulate the display – contrast, coloring, etc.

DTM, DEM: rasters that have an elevation value instead of a brightness valueDTM, DEM: rasters that have an elevation value instead of a brightness value

Working with RastersWorking with Rasters

Display properties of rasters can be Display properties of rasters can be adjusted in the Properties dialog adjusted in the Properties dialog

[un-check all layers except aerial photo][un-check all layers except aerial photo] Open Open PropertiesProperties dialog for Sac. County aerial dialog for Sac. County aerial

photophoto Right-click layer Right-click layer Properties Properties

• Symbology tabSymbology tab StretchStretch Background valueBackground value

• Display tabDisplay tab• Contrast, brightness, transparencyContrast, brightness, transparency

Working with RastersWorking with Rasters

What you have learned covers What you have learned covers the majority of what most the majority of what most people need, but there are people need, but there are MANY other capabilities, such MANY other capabilities, such as:as:

Advanced symbology and labelingAdvanced symbology and labeling Combining, splitting, merging, Combining, splitting, merging,

dissolving layersdissolving layers Networks: streams, roadsNetworks: streams, roads 3D analysis and maps3D analysis and maps Image analysisImage analysis Web interfaceWeb interface

Sources of GIS dataSources of GIS data Unfortunately, there is not Unfortunately, there is not yetyet a comprehensive, a comprehensive,

centralized source of data for DWR (or State) centralized source of data for DWR (or State) staffstaff

Some GIS datasets are “official” and are obtained Some GIS datasets are “official” and are obtained from their respective organizations, e.g.,from their respective organizations, e.g.,

California Levees Database: DWR-Flood ManagementCalifornia Levees Database: DWR-Flood Management Legal boundary of Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: DWR - Legal boundary of Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: DWR -

DSMODSMO Soil survey data: NRCSSoil survey data: NRCS Ownership parcel boundaries: County governmentsOwnership parcel boundaries: County governments Streams and watershed boundaries: USGSStreams and watershed boundaries: USGS

““unofficial” datasets are often of unknown originunofficial” datasets are often of unknown origin Metadata ?Metadata ?

Trolling for data on the InternetTrolling for data on the Internet

Sources of GIS dataSources of GIS data

On-lineOn-line Cal-Atlas Geospatial ClearinghouseCal-Atlas Geospatial Clearinghouse

http://www.atlas.ca.gov/ Not extensiveNot extensive

Division or Section data libraryDivision or Section data library ColleaguesColleagues DWR_GIS email listDWR_GIS email list

http://listhost2.water.ca.gov/mailman/listinfo/dwr_gis_workgroup))

DWR Data Library (coming soon ...)DWR Data Library (coming soon ...)

Sources of GIS Sources of GIS assistanceassistance

User assistanceUser assistance Help files: F1 brings up help, and the ESRI Help files: F1 brings up help, and the ESRI Web HelpWeb Help (in (in

menu in Help dialog) is very goodmenu in Help dialog) is very good ColleaguesColleagues www.esri.comwww.esri.com DWR_GIS email list (DWR_GIS email list (

http://listhost2.water.ca.gov/mailman/listinfo/dwr_gis_workgroup))

me (Ruppert)me (Ruppert)

Technical assistance (hardware or software Technical assistance (hardware or software malfunction)malfunction)

LAN Administrator – For DOE: Anthony or NobukoLAN Administrator – For DOE: Anthony or Nobuko Division GIS contact – For DOE: again, me (Ruppert)Division GIS contact – For DOE: again, me (Ruppert)

Happy mapping!Happy mapping!