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Russia under Mongol Rule
Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505)
Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.
Moving East
• Gained independence from the Mongols
• Russia moved east through Siberia
• Ivan IV (The Terrible)
• Continued the policy of expansion
• by conquest
• Establishing contacts in the west
• Increased the power of the tsar by killing many of the boyars (nobility)
• Cossacks – Peasant adventurers with agricultural and military skills recruited to conquer and settle in newly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia
“Time of Troubles” – • Ivan IV leaves no heir• Boyars try to regain power • Try to keep out foreign invasion
Ended with the selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613
Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)
Power Struggle• As the power of the tzar rose, the
freedom of Russian peasants fell
Peter the Great (r. 1689-1725) • Peter I (the Great) –
Tzar from 1689-1725;
• Abolustist
• Conquerer
Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War
Peter the Great wanted a port on the Baltic Sea
• Peter’s capitol moved to the Baltic city of St. Petersburg.
• The bureaucracy and military were reorganized on Western principles
• Reduced the role of the Boyars in the government and military
Fight Against the Ottomans
• Tried to gain control of Constantinople (Istanbul)
Summarize:
What is the significance of Peter the Great’s rule? Identify and explain at least two details in your response.