Russian proposals to Scientific program of Hydrometeorological observatory in framework of meteorological and radiation measurements (prepared by A. Makshtas)

Joint Russian – US activities in 2006 - 2007

Automatic weather stations (AARI)

Creation of Hydrometeorological Observatory in Tiksi (Joint Roshydromet – NOAA project)

Radiosoundings on “ Polarka” had been organized in 1935 with Russian sounds РЗ-43 и РЗ-049, then aerological complexes «Malahit А-22» (1957 - 1975) and «Meteorit –2» with sounds РКЗ-5 (1975 - 1988), then «АВК-1» and sounds МРЗ-3 (1988 – present)

T850 = -95.7933+0.0368*xminT850 = -30.7032-0.0031*x

maxT850 = -98.5535+0.0452*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

T85

0,

0 C

T850 Win minT850 maxT850

T500 = -10.8457-0.0152*xminT500 = -61.8353+0.0057*xmaxT500 = 14.7318-0.0222*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

T50

0,

0 C

T500 Win minT500 maxT500

T250 = 4.0683-0.0328*xminT250 = -15.6496-0.0281*xmaxT250 = -15.2999-0.0171*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

T25

0,

0 C

T250 Win minT250 maxT250

T100 = 85.7249-0.0739*xminT100 = -118.046+0.0228*xmaxT100 = 188.3988-0.1179*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

T10

0,

0 C

T100 Win minT100 maxT100

T20 = -290.5326+0.1203*xminT20 = -615.4821+0.2728*xmaxT20 = 17.8932-0.0212*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

T20

,0 C

T20 Win minT20 maxT20

Climate of free atmosphere in Tiksi (air temperature in winter)

T850 = 12.6477-0.0066*xminT850 = 76.2409-0.0457*x

maxT850 = -21.0403+0.0182*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

T85

0,

0 C

T850 Sum minT850 maxT850

T500 = 31.7691-0.0277*xminT500 = 13.4424-0.0255*xmaxT500 = 48.9675-0.0306*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

T50

0,

0 C

T500 minT500 maxT500

T250 = 41.5968-0.0468*xminT250 = 121.5844-0.0934*xmaxT250 = -16.834-0.0107*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

T2

50

, 0

C

T250 Sum minT250 maxT250

T100 = 73.2967-0.0613*xminT100 = -86.481+0.0157*x

maxT100 = 200.1085-0.1222*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

T10

0,

0 C

T100 minT100 maxT100

T20 = -42.407-0.0028*xminT20 = -242.9196+0.093*xmaxT20 = 117.2892-0.0775*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

T20

, 0 C

T20 Sum minT20 maxT20

Climate of free atmosphere in Tiksi (air temperature in summer)

Q850 = 0.023-9.8304E-6*xminQ850 = 0.0288-1.4082E-5*xmaxQ850 = 0.0123-1.76E-6*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Q,

kg/k

g

Q850 Sum minQ850 maxQ850

Q500 = 0.0043-1.9245E-6*xminQ500 = 0.0031-1.5254E-6*xmaxQ500 = 0.0064-2.3827E-6*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

0.0012

0.0014

0.0016

0.0018

0.0020

0.0022

0.0024

0.0026

0.0028

Q,

kg/k

g

Q500 Sum minQ500 maxQ500

Climate of free atmosphere in Tiksi (specific humidity in summer)

W850 = -31.8867+0.0202*xSigW850 = -13.401+0.0092*xmaxW850 = 52.2098-0.0137*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

W,

m/s

W850 Win MSDW850 maxW850

W500 = -44.3109+0.0286*xSigW500 = -0.6952+0.0039*xmaxW500 = 132.4243-0.048*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

W,

m/s

W500 Win MSDW500 maxW500

W250 = -33.4002+0.0237*xSigW250 = -9.2531+0.0087*x

maxW250 = 229.9651-0.0942*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

W,

m/s

W250 Win MSDW250 maxW250

W100 = 21.039-0.0034*xSigW100 = 21.3319-0.0071*x

maxW100 = 546.673-0.2581*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

W,

m/s

W100 Win MSDW100 maxW100

W50 = -153.1958+0.0894*xSigW50 = 16.5009-0.0027*x

maxW50 = 278.4646-0.1142*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

W,

m/s

W50 Win MSDW50 maxW50

W20 = 420.9341-0.1948*xSigW20 = 400.0961-0.1944*x

maxW20 = 1989.3835-0.9688*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

20

40

60

80

100

W,

m/s

W20 Win MSDW20 maxW20

Climate of free atmosphere in Tiksi (wind velocity in winter)

W850 = -31.8666+0.0199*xSigW850 = 2.028+0.0011*x

maxW850 = 81.098-0.0293*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

W,

m/s

W850 Sum MSDW850 maxW850

W500 = -27.6126+0.0203*xSigW500 = 9.462-0.0013*x

maxW500 = 82.0018-0.023*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

W,

m/s

W500 Sum MSDW500 maxW500

W250 = -83.1981+0.0507*xSigW250 = -14.0215+0.0121*xmaxW250 = 255.5492-0.1034*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

W,

m/s

W250 Sum MSDW250 maxW250

W100 = -48.2106+0.0272*xSigW100 = 17.1437-0.0071*x

maxW100 = 253.8255-0.1202*x

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

W,

m/s

W100 Sum MSDW100 maxW100

W50 = -5.1273+0.0046*xSigW50 = 19.5459-0.0086*x

maxW50 = 119.7783-0.0539*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

W,

m/s

W50 Sum MSDW50 maxW50

W20 = 33.1304-0.0138*xSigW20 = 4.1903-0.0006*x

maxW20 = 31.7334-0.0084*x

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

W,

m/s

W20 Sum MSDW20 maxW20

Climate of free atmosphere in Tiksi (wind velocity in summer)

Standard meteorological observations had been organized in 1934 and the same sensors in use up to now

Preliminary results on long-term variability of air surface temperature and wind velocity

Preliminary results on long-term variability of total cloudiness and specific humidity

Places for measurements of fast ice thickness, sea level, water temperature and salinity

Place for fast ice, water temperature, and salinity measurements

Place for sea level measurements

Multiyear variability of maximal of fast

ice thickness near Polarka

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

Ice

th

ickn

ess

, cm

Seasonal variability of fast ice thickness near Polarka during last decade

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50M

ea

n s

ea

leve

l an

om

aly

in J

an

ua

ry,

cm

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Me

an

se

a le

vel a

no

ma

ly in

Ju

ly,

cm

Long-term variability of sea level near Polarka in January (a) and July (b)

a

b

Recent measurements in Tiksi

• Standard meteorological observations (from 1934)

• Radiosoundings (from 1935)

• Total ozone content (from 1993)

• Geophysical measurements of polar ionosphere properties (1956)

• Sea level measurements (from 1949)

• Temperature and salinity of sea surface layer (from 1932)

• Fast ice thickness measurements (from 1934)

DSU 7210датчик

(ультрозвуковой) высота снеж покрова

CNR1радиометр баланса и суммарной радиации

CSD102датчик продолжительности солнечного сияния

Передающий УКВ-радиомодем

PAA36W/Hдатчик уровня

АРМ метеоролога-наблюдателя

QMT103датчик температуры почвы

MAWSлогер, блок питания, батареи питания, датчик атмосферного давления PMT16A

PWD12датчик текущей погоды,

видимости и осадков

QMH102датчик температуры и влажности воздуха с радиационной защитой DTR13P22

WAV151датчик направления ветра

WAA151датчик скорости ветра

WAС151траверса датчиков ветра

RS-485 2w, передача данных до 1000 метров.

Приемная УКВ-антена

RS-232 15 метров.

RS-485 2w, прием данных до 1000 метров.

Приемный УКВ-радиомодем

Мачта 10 метров, с траверсами для датчиков

Planning by Roshydromet in 2007 modernization of meteorological station in Tiksi

Parameter Sensor

Temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH)

QMH102 , range of Т: -40…60°С, range of RH: 0 - 100%, accuracy Т: <±0,3°С, accuracy RH: ±2% for RH 0 - 90% and ±3% for RH 90 - 100%

Distance of visibility, intensity of precipitation

PWD21, range of visibility distance: 10 – 20000m; accuracy: ±10% for distance of visibility 10 – 10000m; ±15% for 10 – 20km; threshold for precipitation: 0,05 mm per hour, accuracy: 30%

Total precipitation Tretiakov’s gauge

Wind speed WAA252, range: 0,4 – 75m/s, threshold: <0,5м/с, accuracy: ±0.5 m/s

Wind direction WAV252, range: 0 - 360°, resolution: ±2,8°, threshold <0,4м/с, accuracy: <3°

Air pressure PMT16A-M3, range: 600…1100 hPa, accuracy: ±0,3 hPa

Surface temperature QMT103, range: -50 -+60°С, accuracy ±0,1°С.

Height of snow (ultrasonic method) DSU7210, range: 0,30 - 4,88m, accuracy: ±0,2% of range

Sea level PAA36W/Н, range: ±5м, accuracy: ±0.01м

Modernization of meteorological station “Polarka” by Roshydromet in 2006

Parameter Sensor

Direct solar radiation (S) СН1, spectral range: 200 – 4000 nm, range of measurements: 0 – 4000 W/m2, error: 2% or ±3 W/m2 (maximal among two values)

Incoming scattered solar radiation (D) СМР11, spectral range: 200 – 4000 nm, range of measurements: 0 – 4000 W/m2, error: ±10 W/m2

Total solar radiation (Q) СNR1, spectral range 300 – 3000 nm, range of measurements: 0 – 4000 W/m2, error ±20 W/m2

Reflected solar radiation (Rk) CNR1, spectral range 300 – 3000 nm, range of measurements: 0 – 4000 W/m2, error ±20 W/m2

Incoming longwave radiation (Ea) CNR1, spectral range 5 - 42 µm, range of measurements: 0 – 4000 W/m2, error ±20 W/m2

Outgoing longwave radiation (Eg) CNR1, spectral range 5 - 42 µm, range of measurements: 0 – 4000 W/m2, error ±20 W/m2

Traker 2АР-GD Direction to Sun with accuracy 0.050

Sensors for radiation measurements, planning for installation in Hydrometeorological Observatory

Scheme of data transmission from Hydrometeorological observatory to participants of Project

Questions, related to organization of data collection and transfer

For organization of data transmission and preparation the documents for permission of data transfer to foreign participants we need the next information:

a. the list of data for each installationb. description of interfacesc. protocols of output datad. volume and frequency of data, transmitted by satellite channel per

day.