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Russian RevolutionMarch and Bolshevik Revolutions
March 1917
• Female factory workers went on strike• Shortages of Food and Fuel• Soldiers at first shot rioters then joined them• “Down with the autocracy!”• “Down with the war!”
Czar Steps Down
• March Revolution forced the czar to abdicate or surrender the throne– A year later the Romanov family were executed
• A Provisional Government was created– Alexander Kerensky headed the new government– Did NOT end war
Lenin Returns to Russia
• Lenin had fled earlier from Russia to Germany to avoid arrest by the Czar
• Lenin and Bolsheviks wanted to end WWI
• Germany allowed Lenin to travel to Russia
Bolsheviks Seize Power• Lenin and Bolsheviks
gained control of many major Russian cities
• Lenin’s slogan: “Peace, Land, and Bread!”
• November 1917 factory workers called Bolshevik Red Guards overthrew the government
Bolsheviks in Power
• Farmland was redistributed to peasants• Control of factories was given to the workers• March 1918 War with Germany ended – Russia gave a lot of territory to the Germans
Civil War in Russia
• Russians were angered at terms of peace treaty and the murder of the Czar and his family
• Whites vs. Reds• 1918-1920 Civil War• Bolsheviks won the civil
war and established order
Lenin Provides Order
• New Economic Policy (NEP)– Small scaled capitalism– Government controlled
businesses but allowed for some private ownership
• Political Reforms– Created the USSR to control
nationalism across Russia– Created Communist Party