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RwandaTHE FIRST OFFICIAL GENOCIDE SINCE WORLD WAR II
IT PITTED TWOTRIBES AGAINST
EACH OTHER:DR of
CONGO
HUTU AND TUTSI
RWANDA
MOBUTUSUPPORTED THE
HUTUS.
RWANDA WASUNDERGOING A
GENOCIDALCIVIL WAR.
RawandRawandanan
HISTORYHISTORYDURING THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM,DURING THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM,
RWANDA WAS A GERMAN HOLDING.RWANDA WAS A GERMAN HOLDING.
BELGIAN FORCES INVADED THEBELGIAN FORCES INVADED THECOUNTRY DURING WW1, DEFEATINGCOUNTRY DURING WW1, DEFEATING
THE GERMANS. WHEN GERMANYTHE GERMANS. WHEN GERMANYLOST WW1, THE LAND WENT TOLOST WW1, THE LAND WENT TO
BELGIUM AND THE U.N. BELGIUM AND THE U.N.
MANY BELIEVE THATTHE HUTU AND
TUTSI PEOPLE WEREORIGINALLY ONE
PEOPLE BUT WEREDIVIDED BY
THE GERMAN ANDBELGIAN COLONISTS.
THE BELGIANS CERTAINLYPLAYED ON ARTIFICIAL
DIFFERENCES BETWEENTHE TWO, AND ULTIMATELY
PLACED THE TUTSIS IN POWER.
ACCORDING TOTHE BELGIANS...
TUTSI are taller and more elegant. They are believed to be finer featured and
more intelligent. includes anyone with 10 or more cattle.
HUTU were seen as rougher featured.Most were farmers and subjugated to Tutsi rule.
14% TUTSI14% TUTSI85% HUTU85% HUTUTUTSI WERE GIVEN POWERTUTSI WERE GIVEN POWER
KING MUTARA III(a Tutsi) ruled Rwanda from 1939-1959.
He is greeted byKING BAUDOIN
of BELGIUM
Under TUTSIrule, and at the
request of BELGIUM,all citizens wereforced to carryidentification
starting in 1935.
THESE WOULDBE USED UPUNTIL THE
GENOCIDE IN1994.
BELGIAN RULE ENDED IN 1962.
MISSIONARIES PERSUADED THEM(3 years prior to departure) TO SHIFT
THEIR SUPPORT TO THE DOWN-TRODDEN HUTUS.
IN 1959, HUTUS GAINED POWERTHROUGH ELECTIONS AND BEGAN
PERSECUTING TUTSIS WHILEBELGIUM LOOKED ON.
PRESIDENT
GREGORYKAYABANDA
He was a HUTU elected in1962 with the agenda ofsweeping all TUTSI frompower. He coined the term
HutuHutupowerpower
Tutsi fled to other nations.Those who stayed were tolerated if they confinedtheir activities to businessor agriculture.
They did not have access tocollege or positions in themilitary or government.
(KAY-A-BAND-A)
MAJOR GENERAL
JUVENALHABYARIMANA
HE WAS REPLACED IN 1972 BY THIS MAN...
(HAB-YEAH-A-MANA)
He shared power with Hutus in the north and created an era of ethnic harmony withthe Tutsi. He did not allow exiled Tutsi to return to the country.
D.R. CONGO
RWANDA
UGANDA
In 1990 TUTSI rebelswho had escaped
to UGANDAformed a INSURGENTgroup called the RPF.
RWANDAN PATRIOTICFRONT
They invaded Rwandaand were stopped by
French troopsnear Kigali.
IN 1993, PRESIDENTHABYARIMANA
(HAB-YA-A-MANA)
HOLDS THE ARUSHAACCORDS.
HE AGREES TO ALLOWOPPOSITION PARTIES
TO RUN FOR GOVERNMENT POSTS.
He becomes hated by HUTUS whobelieve he is giving up their power andTUTSI’S who are angry when he stalls
implementation.
HATE RADIO
IN 1993 RADIO STATION RTLM CALLS FORTHE KILLING OF ALL TUTSI IN THE COUNTRY.
THEY OPENLY BROADCAST HATE-FILLEDPROPAGANDA.
ON APRIL 6TH 1994, PRESIDENTHABYARIMANA (HAB-YEAH-A-MANA) WAS KILLED
WHEN HIS FALCON 50 JET WASSHOT DOWN NEAR KIGALI.
THE PRESIDENT OF BURUNDI IS ALSO KILLED. THE PLANE CRASHED ONTO THE GROUNDS OFTHE PRESIDENTIAL RESIDENCE. BOTH HUTU AND TOOTSI TOOK CREDIT.
WITHIN ONE HOUR TUTSI HUMAN RIGHTS WORKERSOPPOSITION POLITICIANS, AND INTELLECTUALS WERE
ROUNDED UP. MANY WERE KILLED. BLOCKADES WERE INSTALLED THROUGHOUT THE NATION.
THE GENOCIDE WOULD NOW BEGIN
IN 1994 THE HUTUS IN RWANDA BEGAN INDISCRIMINATE KILLING OF TUTSIS IN AN ATTEMPT
TO WIPE THEM OFF THE FACE OF THE EARTH.
RTLM RADIO
OPENLYCALLED ON
HUTUSTO MURDER
THEIRNEIGHBORS
IN THEIRHOMES AND
ON THESTREETS.
Prior tothe genocide,
the HUTUhad imported
over1 MILLIONmachetes
from China.
RWANDAWHILE THE
WAS TAKINGPLACE, A CIVIL WARWAS BEINGFOUGHT.
GENOCIDE
RWANDA
WHILE THE
WAS TAKINGPLACE, A CIVIL WARWAS BEINGFOUGHT.
GENOCIDE
In the north the RPFTutsi Rebels were
waging war againstthe Hutu army andthe Hutu Militias.
In the rest of thecountry, Hutu Militias were
murdering Tutsis.
kigali
the S
IDES
in t
he c
onflic
tth
e S
IDES
in t
he c
onflic
tTHE HUTU ARMYArmed primarily by France. Some may have taken part in the genocide.Others guarded against it and protected the Tutsi.
THE HUTU MILITIASInspired and carried out the genocide. Made up of several political parties that had military wings. There were 30,000 strong when the genocide began.
THE INTERAHAMWEOne of the most powerful of the militias – It was most responsible forcarrying out the genocide. It is the military wing of a political party called MRND (Natl. Republican Movement for Democracy and Development).
(INTER-HOM-WAY)
TUTSI REBELS (INSURGENTS)Tutsis who took up arms against the ruling Hutus. The rebels helpedstop the genocide and protected fellow Tutsi from attack. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) was the strongest of these groups.
THOUSANDSOF TUTSIS FLED
INTO THENEIGHBORINGDEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.
MOBUTUHATED
THE TUTSIS.
UNITEDUNITED NATIONS
THE PROGRAM WAS CALLED UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance
Mission Rwanda).
THEY WERE HINDERED BY THE U.N.SECURITY COUNCIL WHO FORBADE
THEM TO ENGAGE.
MEMBERS OF THE U.N. DID NOTWANT TO BECOME ENTANGLED
IN THE NATION.
KOFI ANNAN, Head of Peacekeeping, U.N.
The U.N. doesn't have any troops. We borrow them from governments. And I recall on
the Rwanda thing, we approached about 80
governments, trying to get offers of troops. And they wouldn't give them to us.
THE UNITED STATESWAS RELUCTANT
TO INVOLVE ITSELF INA “LOCAL CONFLICT”
AND AVOIDED USING THE TERM“GENOCIDE” TO
DESCRIBE WHAT WASGOING ON THERE.
In 2004, President BillClinton made the
following remarks tothe PBS program
FRONTLINE
“I think that the people that were bringing these decisions to me felt that the Congress
was still reeling from what had happened in Somalia, and by
the time they finally-- you know, I sort of started focusing
on this and seeing the news reports coming out of it, it was too late to do anything about it. And I feel terrible about it
because I think we could have sent 5,000, 10,000 troops there and saved a couple
hundred thousand lives. I think we could have saved about half of them. But I'll always regret that Rwandan thing. I will always feel terrible about
it.”
THE MURAMBI TECHNICAL SCHOOLOn April 16th 1994, nearly 65,000 Tutsis came here for protection.They were told it would be safe, but it was a set-up.
Upon their arrival, the electricity was shut off and water was cut. Hutu militia surrounded the school. They drank beer and ate.
FRENCH TROOPS DEFENDING THE
SCHOOL WITHDREW.
THE INTERAHAMWEKILLED OVER 45,000
PEOPLE INSIDE.
MANY WEREBURIED IN MASS
GRAVES
TODAY THE SCHOOL IS A GENOCIDE MUSEUM
IN 100 DAYSOVER
1 MILLIONPEOPLE WEREMURDERED.
10,000 PER DAY400 PER HOUR7 PER MINUTE
IN 100 DAYSOVER
1 MILLIONPEOPLE WEREMURDERED.
10,000 PER DAY400 PER HOUR7 PER MINUTE
BY THE ENDOF 1994
1 IN 3TUTSI HAD
BEENELIMINATEDFROM THEFACE OF
THE EARTH.
RwandaTHE FIRST OFFICIAL GENOCIDE SINCE WORLD WAR II
HOTEL RWANDA was released in 1995
and chronicles thetrue story of
PAUL RUSESABAGINA(RU-SES-A-BA-GINA)
WHO SHELTERED OVER 800 TUTSI IN
THE HOTELMILLE COLLINES
(ME-CO-LEAN)
IN THE CITY OFKIGALI.
the S
IDES
in t
he c
onflic
tth
e S
IDES
in t
he c
onflic
tTHE HUTU ARMY
Armed primarily by France. Some may have taken part in the genocide.Others guarded against it and protected the Tutsi.
THE HUTU MALITIASInspired and carried out the genocide. Made up of several political partiesthat had military wings. There were 30,000 strong when the genocide began.
THE INTERAHAMWEOne of the most powerful of the militias – It was most responsible forcarrying out the genocide. It is the military wing of a political party calledMRND (Natl. Republican Movement for Democracy and Development).
(INTER-HOM-WAY)
TUTSI REBELS (INSURGENTS)Tutsis who took up arms against the ruling Hutus. The rebels helpedstop the genocide and protected fellow Tutsi from attack. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) was the strongest of these groups.
AS YOU WATCHTHE FILM
BE SURE TO
FILL OUT YOURWORKSHEET.
DON CHEADLE asPAUL RUSESABAGINA
He served as an assistant manager to theMille Collines and as manager of the hotelDiplomat. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from GW Bush in November 2005
NICK NOLTE asCOLONEL OLIVER
He is a composite character (the onlyfictional one in the film) and is based in part on ROMEO DALLAIRE, the Canadian commanding officer of the UN Peace keeping mission. He later suffered PTSD.
DON CHEADLE AND PAUL RUSESABAGINA ON THE SET
After The Film...
RWANDA
WHILE THE
WAS TAKINGPLACE, A CIVIL WARWAS BEINGFOUGHT.
THE GENOCIDEENDED AFTER
100 DAYS WHEN THETUTSI RPF (Rwandan
Patriotic Front)OVERTHREWTHE HUTU
GOVERNMENT.
IN 2005 FORMERPRESIDENT
BILL CLINTONVISITED
RWANDA.
HE MET WITHSURVIVORS ANDSPOKE OPENLYABOUT LIVING
WITH HIS“MISTAKE.”
CLINTON ALSO SIGNED A MEMO OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RWANDAN
GOVERNMENT AND HIS FOUNDATION.
In 2004 PresidentClinton discussed
the role of theUnited States in
ethnic and religiouspeacekeeping
missions aroundthe world.
Here is whathe said...
The end of the superpower standoff lifted the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is bloody with such
conflicts, from Rwanda to Georgia. Whether we get involved in any of
the world's ethnic conflicts in the end must depend on the cumulative
weight of the American interests at stake.
PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, 2004ON THE PBS PROGRAM FRONTLINE – THE GHOSTS OF RWANDA
SUDANArab Muslims are battlingChristian Africans. Arabswant a pure Arab state.
SOMALIAStill in a state of war. Armed
Militia groups fight forcontrol of the country..
ETHIOPIAMuslim groups from Somaliahave attempted to invade.Ethiopians fight them off.
KENYAThousands died after last
election. Results werecontested in the streets.
The end of the superpower standoff lifted the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is bloody with such
conflicts, from Rwanda to Georgia. Whether we get involved in any of
the world's ethnic conflicts in the end must depend on the cumulative
weight of the American interests at stake.
PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, 2004ON THE PBS PROGRAM FRONTLINE – THE GHOSTS OF RWANDA
Do you agree with Clinton’s
rationale?
Please explain your answer -
why or why not?