Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners

English/SerbianA

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

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Ñ‚ojÂÁ˘ÌË Â˜ÌËÍ Áa Ôo˜ÂÚÌËÍ -ÔoÎaÁÌËÍ ÌaÒÚa‚ ËÁ ÂÌ„ÎÂÒÍo„ Íao ‰Û„o„ jÂÁËÍa

ÖÌ„ÎÂÒÍÓ/ëÔÒÍË

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324

RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.

1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.

2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.

3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.

ISBN No: 0 7310 77539

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80

2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81

3. Common irregular verbs 82

4. Times 84

5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85

6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

Introduction

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with

the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb

with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full

Example from page 31:

Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with

the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with

(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no

control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning

abbrev abbreviationadj adjective

adv adverb

colloq colloquialism

colloq phr colloquial phrase

conj conjunction

det determiner

int interjection

n noun

phr v phrasal verb

prep preposition

pron pronoun

prt v present tense verb form

pt v past tense verb form

v verb

iii

a – afterwards

Adet a/an ÌÂo‰Â¨ÂÌË ˜ÎaÌo‚Ë, Ô‚o‰Â Ò Íao

ÌÂÍË, ÌÂÍa, ÌÂÍo/j‰aÌ, j‰Ìa, j‰Ìon ability ÒÔoÒo·ÌoÒÚ

ablev 1. be able to ÏoÃËadj 2. talented ÒÔoÒo·aÌ, ÚaÎÂÌÚo‚aÌn Aboriginal person Ä·o˨ËÌ

aboutadv 1. approximately oÍo, oÚÔËÎËÍÂprep 2. concerning o, ¯Úo Ò Ú˘Â

aboveprep 1. over „oÂ, ËÁÌa‰phrase 2. the example above „o Ìa‚‰ÂÌË ÔËÏÂadj absent o‰ÒÛÚaÌadv absolutely aÔÒoÎÛÚÌon accent Ìa„ÎaÒaÍv accept ÔËı‚aÚËÚËadj acceptable ÔËı‚aÚΩË‚n accident Û‰ÂÒ, ÌÂÒÂÃaadj accidental ÒÎÛ˜ajaÌv accompany ÔaÚËÚËn account a˜ÛÌv ache ·oÎv achieve ÔoÒÚËÃËn achievement ‰oÒÚË„ÌÛÃÂ, Ôo‰‚Ë„prep across ÔÂÍov act ÔoÒÚÛÔËÚË, „ÎÛÏËÚËn activity aÍÚË‚ÌoÒÚn actor „ÎÛÏaˆv add Òa·ËaÚË, ‰o‰aÚËn addition Òa·ËaøÂn address a‰ÂÒan adjective Ôˉ‚

admitv 1. tell the truth about ÔËÁÌaÚË v 2. allow to enter ÔÛÒÚËÚË ‰a Û¨Âv adopt (take on) ÛÒ‚ojËÚË n adult o‰aÒÎa oÒo·an advantage Ô‰ÌoÒÚn adventure a‚aÌÚÛan adverb ÔËÎo„n advice Òa‚ÂÚn aerobics aÂo·ËÍn aeroplane a‚ËoÌv afford ÏoÃË ÔËÛ¯ÚËÚË, ÙËÌaÌÒËjÒÍË Ôo‰ÌÂÚË adj afraid ÛÔÎa¯ÂÌprep after ÔoÒÎÂn afternoon ÔoÒÎÂÔo‰ÌÂadv afterwards ÔoÒΠÚo„a

1

again – argue

adv again (one more time) ÔoÌo‚o, oÔÂÚ against

prep 1. next to Ôo‰prep 2. anti ÔoÚË‚, aÌÚËn age ÊË‚oÚÌa ‰o·adv ago ÔÂv agree ÔËÒÚaÚË

aidn 1. help ÔoÏoÃv 2. help ÔoÏoÃËv aim (try) ÚÂÊËÚË, ÒÏÂaÚË n air ‚aÁ‰Ûın airport aÂo‰oÏadj all (every) Ò‚Ëv allow ‰oÁ‚oÎËÚËadv alone ÒaÏadv aloud „ÎaÒÌon alphabet aÁ·ÛÍaadv already ‚ÂÃadv also (too) ÚaÍo¨Â conj although ËaÍoadv altogether ÒaÒ‚ËÏ, ÔoÚÔÛÌoadv always Û‚ÂÍprt v am *see be n ambulance ‚oÁËÎo ıËÚÌ ÔoÏoÃË, ÒaÌËÚÂÚÒÍa ÍoÎan amount ËÁÌoÒn amphibian ‚o‰oÁÂÏaˆv analyse (study) aÌaÎËÁËaÚËconj and Ën angle (mathematical usage) Û„ao adj angry ΩÛÚËÚn animal ÊË‚oÚËøan ankle „ÎÂÊaøadj annual „o‰Ë¯øË

answern 1. reply o‰„o‚ov 2. reply o‰„o‚oËÚËadj any ËÍo, ËÍaÍa‚, ˯Úaadv anymore ‚˯Âpron anyone ·ËÎo Íopron anything ·ËÎo ¯Úaadv apart (separate) o‰‚ojÂÌ n apology ËÁ‚ËøÂøÂv appear (come into view) Ôoja‚ËÚË ÒÂn apple ja·ÛÍan appointment ÁaÍaÁaÌ ÒaÒÚaÌaÍprt v are *see be n area Ôo‰Û˜jÂv argue ÔÂÔËaÚË ÒÂ

2

argument – autumn

n argument ÔÂÔËÍav arise ÛÒÚaÚË, ÌaÒÚaÚËn arm (part of body) ˜ËÚa‚a ÛÍa n army aÏËjaprep around oÍo

arrangev 1. put in order Û‰ËÚË, Ò‰ËÚË, Ôo¨aÚËv 2. make plans (ËÒ)ÔÎaÌËaÚËv arrest (take into custody) ÛıaÔÒËÚË v arrive ÒÚËÃËn arrow ÒÚÂÎan art ÛÏÂÚÌoÒÚn artist ÛÏÂÚÌËÍadv as (to such a degree) Íao n ash ÔÂÔÂoadj ashamed ÔoÒÚ˨ÂÌv ask ÔËÚaÚËv assemble ÒÍÎoÔËÚËn assembly ÒÍÛÔ¯ÚËÌan assignment (for school) Áa‰aÚaÍ v assist ÔoÏoÃËn assistant ÔoÏoÃÌËÍprep at Ío‰pt v ate *see eat n athletics aÚÎÂÚËÍaphrase athletics carnival aÚÎÂÚÒÍË ÍaÌ‚aÎ (ÚaÍÏ˘ÂøÂ)n atom aÚoÏv attach Ô˘‚ÒÚËÚË, ÔËÎoÊËÚË

attackn 1. fight ÌaÔa‰, ·o·av 2. fight ÌaÔaÒÚË, ·oËÚË ÒÂ

attemptn 1. try ÔoÍÛ¯ajv 2. try ÔoÍÛ¯aÚËv attend Ôoıa¨aÚËn attendance Ôoıa¨aøÂn attention ÔaÊøav attract ÔË‚ÛÃËadj attractive ÔË‚Îa˜aÌn aunt ÚÂÚÍaabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia ÄÛÒÚaÎËjaadj Australian AÛÒÚaÎËjÒÍËn Australian flag AÛÒÚaÎËjÒÍa ÁaÒÚa‚an Australiana AÛÒÚaÎËjÒÍË Ô‰ÏÂÚËn author aÛÚo, ÔËÒaˆn autumn jÂÒÂÌ

3

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean aËÚÏÂÚ˘ÍË ÔoÒÂÍadj 2. ordinary ÔoÒ˜aÌ, o·Ë˜aÌv avoid ËÁ·Â„a‚aÚËadj awake ·Û‰aÌadv away o‰ÒÛÚaÌ, Û‰aΩÂÌprep away from ‰aÎÂÍo o‰adj awful „oÁaÌpt v awoke *see awaken axe ÒÂÍËa

B n baby ·Â·a

backn 1. body part Ψaadv 2. opposite front ÔoÁa‰Ë phrase 3. give it back ‚aÚË ÏË n backbone ͢Ïan background ÔoÁa‰ËÌan backpack aÌaˆn backyard ‰‚o˯ÚÂadj bad ¨a‚n badminton ·a‰ÏËÌÚoÌn bag Úo·av bake ËÒÔÂÃËv balance Ûa‚ÌoÚÂÊËÚËn balcony ·aÎÍoÌadj bald ÃÂÎa‚

balln 1. toy ÎoÔÚacolloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) ÎÂÔo Ò Ôo‚ÂÒÚËn balloon ·aÎoÌn banana ·aÌaÌan band (music group) ·Ẩ n bangle „Ë‚Ìa, ÌaÛ͂ˈan bank ·aÌÍa

barn 1. place to drink ·av 2. stop from something Áa·aÌËÚË n 3. metal rod ÏÂÚaÎÌa ¯ËÔÍan barbecue o¯ÚËΩabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare o„oΩÂÌn barrier ÔÂÔÂÍan base (bottom) ‰Ìo n basin (wash) ÛÏË‚aoÌËÍ n basket ÍoÔan basketball Ío¯aÍa

4

basketball court – bid

n basketball court Ë„aÎ˯Ú Áa Ío¯aÍÛ, Ío¯aÍa¯ÍË ÚÂÂÌbat

n 1. sporting equipment ¯ÚaÔ ÌÔ. Áa ÍËÍÂÚn 2. animal ÒÎÂÔË Ï˯ n bath Ía‰an bathroom ÍÛÔaÚËÎon battle ·ËÚÍan bay (inlet) ÁaÎË‚ abbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be ·ËÚËn beach ÔÎaÊan beach towel Ô¯ÍË Áa ÔÎaÊÛn beach umbrella ÒÛ̈o·aÌ n beak ÍΩÛÌ

beamn 1. ray of light ÒÌoÔ Ò‚ÂÚÎan 2. wooden plank „‰an bean ÔaÒÛΩn beard ·a‰a

beatv 1. win Ôo·Â‰ËÚËv 2. hit ËÒÚÛÃË, Û‰aËÚËn 3. rhythm ËÚaÏadj beautiful ÎÂÔpt v became *see becomeconj because jÂ, ÁaÚo ¯Úov become ÔoÒÚaÚËn bed Í‚ÂÚn bedroom ÒÔa‚aÃa Òo·an bee Ô˜ÂÎan beef „o‚‰ËÌapt v began *see beginv begin Ôo˜ÂÚËn beginner Ôo˜ÂÚÌËÍv behave ÔoÌa¯aÚË ÒÂn behaviour ÔoÌa¯aøÂprep behind ËÁa, Áan bell Á‚oÌov belong ÔËÔa‰aÚËn belt Ía˯n bench ÍÎÛÔav bend Òa‚ËjaÚËpt v bent *see bendadj best Ìaj·oΩËv bet ÍÎa‰ËÚË ÒÂadj better ·oΩËprep between ËÁϨÛn bicycle ·ËˆËÍÎv bid ÔoÌÛ‰ËÚË ˆÂÌÛ

5

big – boat

adj big ‚ÂÎËÍabbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money Ìo‚˜aÌˈan 2. account a˜ÛÌn 3. of a bird ÍΩÛÌn bird ÔÚˈa

birthn 1. act of being born o¨ÂøÂ, Ôoo¨ajphrase 2. date of birth ‰aÚÛÏ o¨Âøan birthday o¨ẨaÌn biscuit ÍÂÍÒ

bitn 1. small piece Ôa˜Â̈Â, ÍoÏa‰ËÃphrase 2. a little bit ÏaÎopt v 3. *see bite

v bite Ûj‰aÚËadj black (colour) ˆÌo n blackboard ¯ÍoÎÒÍa Úa·Îan blade o¯Úˈa

blamen 1. censure ÛÍo, oÒÛ‰a, oÔÚÛÊ·a v 2. lay responsibility with ÍË‚ËÚË, oÔÚÛÊËÚËadj blank ÔaÁaÌn blanket ÷Âv bleed Í‚aËÚËpt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see ÒÎÂÔn 2. window covering oÎÂÚÌa n blindness ÒÎÂÔËÎo

blockn 1. child's toy ‰Â˜Ëja ÍoˆÍav 2. stop from doing something Áa·ÎoÍËaÚË, ÒÔ˜ËÚË phrase 3. a block away j‰ÌÛ ÛÎËˆÛ ‰aΩÂphrase 4. block of flats ÒÚaÏ·ÂÌa Á„a‰aadj blond ÔÎa‚oÍoÒn blood Í‚adj bloody Í‚a‚

blown 1. hit Û‰aaˆv 2. pertaining to wind ‰Û‚aÚËphr v 3. blow up ‰ËÃË Û ‚aÁ‰Ûı

blueadj 1. colour ÔÎa‚ocolloq 2. sad ÚÛÊaÌn board (stiff material) ‰aÒÍa n board game Ë„a Ìa Úa·ÎË, ‰Û¯Ú‚ÂÌa Ë„an boat ˜aÏaˆ

6

body – break

n body ÚÂÎov boil ‚ÂÚË, ÍΩÛ˜aÚË

boldadj 1. as typeface ÏaÒÌa ÒÎo‚aadj 2. daring o‰‚aÊaÌ, ıa·an bomb ·oÏ·an bone ÍoÒÚn book ÍøË„an bookshelf ÔoÎˈa Áa ÍøË„Ân boomerang ·ÛÏÂaÌ„

bootn 1. of car ÔÚΩaÊÌËÍ aÛÚoÏo·ËÎan 2. footwear ‰Û·oÍa ˆËÔÂÎa, ˜ËÁÏa

bordern 1. as of country, state „aÌˈan 2. edge ˂ˈaadj bored ‰oÒa‰Ìoadj boring ‰oÒa‰aÌv borrow ÔoÁajÏËÚË Ì¯Úo o‰ ÌÂÍo„a

bossn 1. person in charge ¯ÂÙ, ÛÍo‚o‰ËÎaˆv 2. tell what to do Ìa¨˂aÚË, Ë„aÚË „aÁ‰Ûadj both o·av bother ÛÁÌÂÏËa‚aÚËn bottle ÙÎa¯a

bottomn 1. body part ÒÚaÊøˈan 2. lower edge ‰Ìo, ‰oøa ˂ˈapt v bought *see buyv bounce o‰ÒÍaÍË‚aÚËn bowl Á‰ÂÎan box ÍÛÚËjan boy ‰Â˜aÍabbrev bra *see brassieren brain ÏoÁaÍ

branchn 1. of tree „aÌav 2. separate „aÌaÚË ÒÂ, o‰‚ajaÚË ÒÂn brassiere „Û‰øaÍadj brave ıa·aadv bravely ıa·on bread ıηn breadth ¯ËËÌa

breakn 1. pause ÔaÛÁav 2. opposite of fix ÒÎoÏËÚË, ÔoÍ‚aËÚËphr v 3. break down (as in car) ÔoÍ‚aËÚË ÒÂphr v 4. break down (as health) ‰oÊË‚ÂÚË Ì‚ÌË ÒÎoÏ

7

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) Ôo‚aÎËÚË phr v 6. break up (for holidays) aÒÔÛÒÚËÚË (Áa aÒÔÛÒÚ)n breakfast ‰oÛ˜aÍn breath ‰aıv breathe ‰ËÒaÚËv breed „ajËÚË, aÁÏÌoÊa‚aÚË ÒÂn brick ˆË„Îan bridge ÏoÒÚ

brightadj 1. shiny Ò‚ÂÚao, ÒjajaÌadj 2. clever ÔaÏÂÚaÌv brighten aÁ‚‰ËÚËadj brilliant ·ËÎËjaÌÚaÌ, ÒjajaÌv bring ‰oÌÂÚËadj broad ¯ËoÍn broccoli ÔoÍÛÎˈapt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) Ìo‚˜aÌo ÛÔoÔa¯ÚÂÌ (·ÂÁ ‰ËÌaa)phrase broken arm ÒÎoÏΩÂÌa ÛÍan brother ·aÚpt v brought *see bringn brush ˜ÂÚÍan bucket ÍoÙav build „a‰ËÚËpt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) ÒËjaÎˈa n bullet ÏÂÚaÍ

bullyn 1. person who harasses others ÒËΤËjav 2. harass ÏaÎÚÂÚËaÚË

bunchn 1. group „ÛÔa, Ò‚ÂÊaøphrase 2. bunch of flowers ·ÛÍÂÚ

burnn 1. injury caused by fire oÔÂÍoÚËÌa v 2. be on fire ÔaÎËÚË, „oÂÚËv burst aÒÔÒÌÛÚË ÒÂv bury ÁaÍoÔaÚËn bus aÛÚo·ÛÒ

bushn 1. outback ¯ËÍaa, ÛÌÛÚa¯øoÒÚn 2. small tree Ê·ÛÌ

businessn 1. company ·ËÁÌËÒ, ÍoÏÔaÌËjacolloq phr 2. mind your own business „Ήaj Ò‚oja ÔoÒÎan bus stop aÛÚo·ÛÒÍa ÒÚaÌˈa

8

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break ÒÎoÏËÚËn 2. female body part ÊÂÌÒÍ „Û‰Ëadj busy ÁaÛÁÂÚ, ÁaÔoÒÎÂÌconj but aÎËn butcher ÏÂÒan button ‰Û„ÏÂv buy ÍÛÔËÚËprep by ‰o

Cn cabbage ÍÛÔÛÒn cable ÚÂ΄aÏn cafe ÍaÙËÃn cage Ía‚ÂÁn cake ÍoÎa˜v calculate ËÁa˜ÛÌaÚËn calculator ‰Ë„ËÚoÌn calendar ÍaÎẨa

callv 1. name Á‚aÚË, ÔoËÏÂ̈ ÔoÁË‚aÚËn 2. as for phone ÔoÁË‚phr v 3. call for ÁaÚaÊËÚËphr v 4. call off oÚÍaÁaÚËphr v 5. call out ja‚ËÚË ÒÂ, ÔoÁË‚aÚË

calmadj 1. peaceful ÒÔoÍojaÌphr v 2. calm down ÒÏËËÚË ÒÂpt v came *see comen camera ÙoÚo aÔaaÚ, ÍaÏÂav camp Îo„oo‚aÚË

canv 1. able to ÏoÊÂ n 2. steel container ÎËÏÂÌÍan candle Ò‚ÂÃan canteen (tuck shop) ÍaÌÚËÌa

capn 1. headwear ÍaÔa n 2. top ÔoÍÎoÔaˆ

capitaln 1. important location „Îa‚ÌË „a‰phrase 2. capital letter ‚ÂÎËÍo ÒÎo‚on capsicum ·a·Ûan capsule ÍaÔÒÛÎan captain ÍaÔÂÚaÌn car aÛÚoÏo·ËÎn card ÍaÚa, ˜ÂÒÚËÚÍan cardboard ÍaÚoÌ

9

care – chalk

v care Ì„o‚aÚËadj careful ÔaÊΩË‚adv carefully ÔaÊΩË‚on carnival ÍaÌ‚aÎn carrot ¯a„aÂÔa

carryv 1. take ÌoÒËÚËphr v 2. carry on (keep going) ÌaÒÚa‚ËÚË

casen 1. bag ÔÛÚÌa Úo·aphrase 2. just in case Áa Ò‚aÍË ÒÎÛ˜ajn cash „oÚo‚ËÌa

cassettephrase 1. audio cassette aÛ‰Ëo ÍaÒÂÚaphrase 2. video cassette ‚ˉÂo ÍaÒÂÚa

castn 1. of a play ÂÍËÔa ÔoÁo˯Ìo„ ÍoÏa‰av 2. throw ·aˆËÚËn castle ÁaÏaÍadj casual ̉o‚aÌ, ÌÂÛ¯Úo„ΩÂÌn cat Ïa˜Ía

catchphrase 1. catch a train ÒÚËÃË Ìa ‚oÁphrase 2. catch a cold ÔÂıÎa‰ËÚË ÒÂcolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) Òı‚aÚËÚË phr v 4. catch up (reach) ‰oÒÚËÃË, Ûı‚aÚËÚË, ‰oı‚aÚËÚËpt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason ÛÁoÍ, aÁÎo„v 2. make happen ÔoÛÁoÍo‚aÚËn cave ÔÂÃËÌaabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling ÔÎaÙoÌn cell ÃÂÎËjan cent ˆÂÌÚadj central ˆÂÌÚaÎaÌ

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer ˆÂÌÚaÎÌË ÔoˆÂÒo Áa o·a‰Û Ôo‰aÚaÍaabbrev 2. CPU

n centre ˆÂÌÚan century ÒÚoÎÂÃÂn cereal ˆÂÂaÎËja, ÊËÚaˈan ceremony ҂˜aÌoÒÚ, ˆÂÂÏoÌËjaadj certain ÒË„ÛaÌadv certainly ÒË„ÛÌon chain (jewellery) Îa̘Ëà n chair ÒÚoÎˈan chalk ͉a

10

chance – cigarette

n chance ÒÎÛ˜ajÌoÒÚ, ÔËÎËÍa, ¯aÌÒachange

n 1. money ÒËÚÌ˯, ÍÛÒÛv 2. alter ËÁÏÂÌËÚËphrase 3. change one's mind Ô‰oÏËÒÎËÚË ÒÂphrase 4. change clothes ÔÂÒ‚ÛÃË Ò adj changeable ÔoÏÂÌΩË‚n change room Ò‚Îa˜ËoÌan channel ÍaÌaÎn chapter Ôo„Îa‚ΩÂn character (literary) ΢ÌoÒÚ, jÛÌaÍ

chargen 1. cost Úo¯aÍv 2. as for battery ÔÛÌËÚË phr v 3. in charge ÛÍo‚o‰ËÚË, ·ËÚË Ìa‰ÎÂÊaÌv chase „oÌËÚËadj cheap jÂÙÚËÌv cheat ‚aaÚËv check Ôo‚ÂËÚËn cheek (body part) o·aÁ colloq cheeky (naughty) ÌÂÒÚa¯aÌ

cheerv 1. make happy o·a‰o‚aÚË, ÛÒÂÃËÚËn 2. sound expressing enthusiasm Ìa‚ËjaÚË, ÔoÁ‰a‚ΩaÚË n chemist aÔoÚÂÍan cheque ˜ÂÍn cherry Ú¯øan chess ¯aın chest „Û‰ÌË Ío¯n chewing gum Ê‚aÍaÃa „ÛÏa

chickenn 1. animal ÔËÎÂ, ÍoÍo¯Íacolloq 2. not brave ÍÛÍa‚ˈan child ‰ÂÚÂadj childish ‰ÂÚËøaÒÚn chin ·a‰a

chipsn 1. hot variety ÔoÏ ÙËn 2. cold crisps ıÎa‰aÌ ˜ËÔÒn chocolate ˜oÍoÎa‰an choir ıov choose ËÁa·aÚË

chopn 1. meat cut ÍoÚÎÂÚv 2. cut ÒÂÃËpt v chose *see choosen church ˆÍ‚an cigarette ˆË„aÂÚa

11

cinema – coin

n cinema ·ËoÒÍoÔn circle ÍÛ„adj circular oÍÛ„aon circumference o·ËÏn city „a‰

claimn 1. assertion ÁaıÚ‚v 2. assert ÁaıÚ‚aÚË

clapn 1. loud noise ÔaÒaÍv 2. show appreciation aÔÎaÛ‰ËaÚËn class (group of students) aÁ‰ n classmate ¯ÍoÎÒÍË ‰Û„n classroom Û˜ËoÌˈaphrase classroom block aÁ‰ÌË ·ÎoÍn claw Ía̤an clay „ÎËÌa

cleanv 1. remove dirt ˜ËÒÚËÚËadj 2. opposite dirty ˜ËÒÚadj clear ·ËÒÚaadj clever ÔaÏÂÚaÌn cliff ÎËÚˈav climb ÔÂøaÚË ÒÂv cling „˜Â‚ËÚo Ò ‰ÊaÚËn clock ˜aÒo‚ÌËÍ

closev 1. shut ÁaÚ‚oËÚËadj 2. near ·ÎËÁÛadj closed ÁaÚ‚oÂÌn cloth ÚÍaÌËÌa, ÍÔan clothes o‰ÂÃan clothes line Êˈa Áa ÒÛ¯Âø ‚¯an clothing o‰ÂÃan cloud o·ÎaÍadj cloudy o·Îa˜Ìo

clubn 1. group of people ÍÎÛ· n 2. implement ÚoΩa„an clue ÍΩÛ˜ Áa o‰„oÌÂÚaøÂn coal Û„aΩn coast o·aÎaadj coastal o·aÎÌËn coat ÍaÔÛÚn cockatoo ÍaÍa‰Ûn coconut ÍoÍoÒo‚ oaın coffee ÍaÙan coin Ío‚aÌË Ìo‚aˆ, Ìo‚˜ËÃ

12

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness ÔÂıÎa‰aadj 2. opposite hot ıÎa‰aÌadj cold-blooded ıÎa‰ÌoÍ‚aÌn collar Ía„Ìav collect ÒaÍÛÔΩaÚËn collection Á·ËÍan college ÍoΤ

colourn 1. hue ·ojav 2. make colourful o·ojËÚËadj colourful ÊË‚oÔËÒaÌ

combn 1. hair accessory ˜Â¯aΩ v 2. do one’s hair o˜Â¯ΩaÚË

comev 1. move towards ‰oÎaÁËÚËphr v 2. come from ‰oÎaÁËÚË ËÁphr v 3. come out (as in sun) ËÁaÃË colloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) ïaj‰ÂÏo!adj comfortable Û‰o·aÌn comic ÍoÏ˘an comic strip (¯aΩË‚) ÒÚËÔv command ÍoÏảo‚aÚËadj common o·Ë˜aÌn commonsense Á‰a‚ aÁÛÏn communication ÒaoÔ¯ÚÂøÂ, ÍoÏÛÌËÍaˆËjan community ‰Û¯Ú‚ÂÌa Áaj‰Ìˈan compact disc ÍoÏÔaÍÚÌË ‰ËÒÍn company (business) ÍoÏÔaÌËja v compare Ôo‰ËÚËn compass ÍoÏÔaÒn compasses (geometry ¯ÂÒÚa

equipment)

v compete ÚaÍÏ˘ËÚË ÒÂn competition ÚaÍÏ˘ÂøÂv complain ÊaÎËÚË ÒÂn complaint Êaηa

completev 1. finish Áa‚¯ËÚËadj 2. finished Áa‚¯ÂÌv complicate ÍoÏÔÎËÍo‚aÚËadj complicated ÍoÏÔÎËÍo‚aÌn complication ÍoÏÔÎËÍaˆËjan composer ÍoÏÔoÁËÚon composition ÍoÏÔoÁˈËjan computer ÍoÏÔjÛÚÂ, a˜ÛÌan concern ·Ë„a

13

concerned – couple

adj concerned Áa·ËÌÛÚn concert ÍöÂÚn condition ÒÚaøÂn cone (geometrical shape) ÍoÌÛÒ v confuse Á·ÛÌËÚËv congratulate ˜ÂÒÚËÚaÚËv connect ÒÔojËÚËn connection ÒÔoj, ‚ÂÁaadj conscious Ò‚ÂÒÚaÌ, ÔË Ò‚ÂÒÚËv consider aÁÏoÚËÚËphr v consist of ÒaÒÚojaÚË Ò n consonant ÒÛ„ÎaÒÌËÍv contain Òa‰ÊaÚËn container ÍoÌÚÂjÌÂ, ÍaÌËÒÚÂn contents (as of a book) Òa‰ÊËÌav continue ÌaÒÚa‚ËÚË

contrastn 1. difference ÍoÌÚaÒÚ, ÒÛÔoÚÌoÒÚv 2. find differences ÌaÎaÁËÚË aÁÎËÍÂv control ÍoÌÚoÎËÒaÚËn conversation ÍoÌ‚ÂÁaˆËja, aÁ„o‚o

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime oÒÛ¨ÂÌËÍv 2. find guilty of a crime oÒÛ‰ËÚË v cook ÍÛ‚aÚË

cooladj 1. opposite warm ıÎa‰aÌcolloq 2. trendy ÍÛÎ, Û Ïo‰Ë

copyn 1. imitation ÍoÔËja, ËÏËÚaˆËjav 2. imitate ÍoÔËaÚË, ËÏËÚËaÚËn corner Û„ao

correctv 1. make right ËÒÔa‚ËÚËadj 2. right ËÒÔa‚aÌn corridor ıo‰ÌËÍv cost Ío¯ÚaÚËn cotton ÔaÏÛÍn cotton wool ‚aÚa

coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing Ía¯aΩv 2. expel air from the lungs Ía¯ΩaÚËn council Òa‚ÂÚ, o‰·on counsellor Òa‚ÂÚÌËÍ

countryn 1. political division ÁÂÏΩa, ‰Êa‚an 2. opposite city ÒÂÎo, Ôo‚Ë̈Ëjan couple Ôa

14

courage – crush

n courage ıa·oÒÚadj courageous ıa·a

coursen 1. set of lessons ÍÛÒ, ÌaÒÚa‚ÌË Ôo„aÏn 2. way to go ÒÏ ÍÂÚaøaphrase 3. of course (naturally) Ìaa‚Ìo n court (as tennis court) Ë„aÎ˯Ú n cousin ·aÚ/ÒÂÒÚa o‰ ÚÂÚÍÂ/ÛjaÍa/ÒÚˈa

covern 1. outside of a book oÏoÚv 2. put cover on something ÔoÍËÚË, oÏoÚaÚËn coward ÍÛÍa‚ˈan crab ÏoÒÍË aÍv crack ÌaÔÒÌÛÚË

craftn 1. vessel ·o‰, ˜aÏaˆn 2. handiwork ÛÍoÚ‚oËÌa

crashn 1. collision ÒÛ‰a, ÚÂÒaÍv 2. shatter aÁ·ËÚËadj crazy ÎÛ‰n creature ÒÚ‚on creek ÔoÚoÍv creep „ÏËÁaÚËn crescent (shape) ÔoÎÛÏÂÒˆ

cricketn 1. insect ˆ‚˜aÍ n 2. sport ÍËÍÂÚ

criminaln 1. person who commits crime ÍËÏËÌaÎaˆadj 2. against the law ÍËÏËÌaÎÌËn crocodile ÍoÍo‰ËÎadj crooked ËÒÍË‚ΩÂÌn crops ÛÒ‚Ë

crossn 1. a symbol of two intersecting ÍÒÚ

lines

adj 2. angry ΩÛÚËÚv 3. move from one side to another ÔÂÃË phr v 4. cross out (delete) ÔˆÚaÚË n crossword ÛͯÚÂÌ ˜Ën crowd „oÏËÎa, ÏaÒa, „ÛÊ‚aadj crowded Ìa„oÏËÎaÌadj cruel oÍÛÚaÌ

crushv 1. flatten ÔË„ø˜ËÚËcolloq 2. a liking for someone ·ËÚË ÁaˆoÔaÌ Û ÌÂÍo„a

15

cry – darkness

cryn 1. loud utterance Ôo‚ËÍv 2. weep ÔÎaÍaÚËn cube ÍoˆÍan cucumber ÍaÒÚa‚aˆn cupboard oÏaÌv cure ËÁΘËÚËadj curious ÁÌaÚËÊÂΩaÌ

curln 1. ringlet of hair Û‚ojaÍ v 2. form curls Û‚ËjaÚË n currency (money) ‚aÎÛÚa

currentadj 1. topical aÍÚÛÂÎaÌ, Òa‰a¯øËn 2. moving water ÒÚÛja n curtain Áa‚ÂÒan curve Áa‚oj, oÍÛÍan custom o·Ë˜ajn customer ÒÚaÌÍa, ÏÛ¯ÚÂËjav cut ÒÂÃËadj cute ÔË‚Îa˜aÌ

cyclev 1. ride ‚oÁËÚË ·ËˆËÍÎn 2. circular event ˆËÍÎÛÒn cylinder ˆËÎË̉a

Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily ‰Ì‚ÌË

damagen 1. injury o¯ÚÂÃÂøÂ, ¯ÚÂÚav 2. cause injury o¯ÚÂÚËÚËadj damp ‚ÎaÊaÌn damper (type of bread) Ôo„a˜a

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing Ë„aÌÍav 2. rhythmical movement ÔÎÂÒ, Ë„an danger oÔaÒÌoÒÚadj dangerous oÔaÒaÌadj daring o‰‚aÊaÌ

darkadj 1. opposite light ÚaÏaÌadj 2. opposite fair ÚaÏÌoÍoÒ n darkness ÚaÏa, ÏaÍ

16

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar ‰aÚÛÏn 2. fruit ‰aÚÛΩa n daughter ÃÂÍan day ‰aÌadj dead ÏÚa‚adj deaf „ÎÛ‚

dealn 1. amount Ío΢ËÌav 2. give out ‰ÂÎËÚËn death ÒÏÚn debt ‰Û„

decayn 1. decomposition ÚÛÎÂÊ, aÒÔa‰aøÂv 2. rot ÚÛÌÛÚËv deceive Ô‚aËÚËv decide o‰ÎÛ˜ËÚËn decimal ‰ÂˆËÏaÎan decision o‰ÎÛÍan deck (of house) ÚÂaÒa v declare ËÁja‚ËÚË

decreasen 1. diminution ÒÏaøÂøÂv 2. become smaller in number ÛÏaøËÚË (ÒÂ)adj deep ‰Û·oÍ

defeatn 1. loss ÔoaÁv 2. beat ÔoaÁËÚËv define o‰Â‰ËÚË, ‰ÂÙËÌËÒaÚË

degree n 1. of temperature ÒÚÂÔÂÌ n 2. amount ÏÂa

delayn 1. hold up o‰Îa„aøÂ, o‰„a¨aøÂv 2. put off till later o‰ÎoÊËÚË, o‰„o‰ËÚËabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen Ú„o‚ËÌa ‰ÂÎËÍaÚÂÒÌoÏ o·oÏ n delight ÛÊËÚaÍadj delightful ÁaÌoÒaÌv deliver ËÒÔoÛ˜ËÚË

demandn 1. urgent requirement ÁaıÚ‚v 2. ask for with authority ÁaıÚ‚aÚËv demonstrate ‰ÂÏoÌÒÚËaÚËn demonstration ‰ÂÏoÌÒÚaˆËjan dentist ÁÛ·av depend Áa‚ËÒËÚËadj dependable ÔoÛÁ‰aÌ

17

dependant – discussion

adj dependant Áa‚ËÒaÌ (˜ÎaÌ Ôoo‰ËˆÂ) n depth ‰Û·ËÌav descend ÒËÎaÁËÚËv describe oÔËÒaÚËn description oÔËÒ

desertn 1. hot, dry place ÔÛÒÚËøav 2. leave ÌaÔÛÒÚËÚËv deserve Áa‚‰ËÚË, ÁaÒÎÛÊËÚË

desiren 1. longing ÊÛ‰øa, ÊÂΩav 2. wish for ÊÂÎÂÚË n desk ÔËÒaÃË ÒÚov destroy ÛÌ˯ÚËÚËn destruction ÛÌ˯Úa‚aøÂ

detailn 1. minute part ‰ÂÚaΩv 2. describe fully ‰ÂÚaΩÌo oÔËÒaÚË n detective ‰ÂÚÂÍÚË‚n detention (pertaining to school) ÔËÌÛ‰Ìo Áa‰Êa‚aø v dial ÌaÁ‚aÚËn diameter Ô˜ÌËÍ

diamondn 1. precious stone ‰ËjaÏaÌÚadj 2. shape oÏ·n diary ‰Ì‚ÌËÍ, oÍo‚ÌËÍn dictionary ˜ÌËÍpt v did *see don didgeridoo ‰Ë¤ÂˉÛv die ÛÏÂÚËn diet ‰ËjÂÚaadj different aÁ΢ËÚadj difficult ÚÂÊaÍv dig ÍoÔaÚËn dingo ‰ËÌ„on dinner ‚˜Âan dinosaur ‰ËÌoÒaÛÛÒn direction Ôa‚aˆ, ÛÔÛÚÒÚ‚on dirt ÔΩa‚¯ÚËÌaadj dirty ÔΩa‚v disagree Ì ÒÎa„aÚË ÒÂn disagreement ÌÂÒÔoaÁÛÏ, ÌÂÒÎa„aøÂn disc (round, flat object) ‰ËÒÍÂÚa, ‰ËÒÍn disco ‰ËÒÍov discover oÚÍËÚËn discovery oÚÍËÃÂ, ÔoÌaÎaÁaÍv discuss ‰ËÒÍÛÚo‚aÚËn discussion ‰ËÒÍÛÒËja

18

disease – drop

n disease ·oÎÂÒÚn dish ÒÛ‰n dishwasher (appliance) Ïa¯ËÌa Áa Ôaø ÒÛ¨a n disk (of computers) ‰ËÒÍ (Áa ÍoÏÔjÛÚÂ)n disk drive Ôo„oÌ ‰ËÒÍav dislike Ì ‚oÎÂÚËv dismiss oÚÔÛÒÚËÚËn distance Û‰aΩÂÌoÒÚv disturb ÛÁÌÂÏËËÚËv dive oÌËÚËv divide Ôo‰ÂÎËÚËn division ‰Âo·av divorce aÁ‚o‰

dov 1. perform a‰ËÚË, ˜ËÌËÚËphrase 2. What does she do? äojËÏ ÔoÒÎoÏ Ò ·a‚Ë?

(what's her job?)

phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) äaÍo ÒÚÂ? (ÔoÁ‰a‚ ÔË ÛÔoÁÌa‚aøÛ)n doctor ÎÂÍan document ‰oÍÛÏÂÌaÚn dog ÔaÒn dollar ‰oÎan door ‚aÚav double Û‰‚oÒÚÛ˜ËÚË

doubtn 1. uncertainty ÒÛÏøav 2. hesitate to believe ÒÛÏøaÚËv drag ‚ÛÃËn dragon ÁÏajpt v drank *see drinkv draw ˆÚaÚËn drawer Îa‰Ëˆa, ÙËoÍa

dreamn 1. images during sleep ÒaÌv 2. imagine ÒÌË‚aÚË, ÒaøaËÚË, ÒaøaÚËpt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman's clothing ıaΩËÌav 2. to put on clothing o·Îa˜ËÚË ÒÂpt v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage ÔËÃÂv 2. swallow liquid ÔËÚËv drive ‚oÁËÚËn driveway ÍoÎÌË ÔËÎaÁ

dropn 1. small amount of water ÍaÔv 2. let fall ËÒÔÛÒÚËÚË

19

drought – email

n drought ÒÛ¯apt v drove *see drivev drown ÛÚoÔËÚË ÒÂ, Û‰a‚ËÚË ÒÂn drug ‰o„a, ÎÂÍn drum ·Û·aøn drunk (person who drinks ÔËjaÌaˆ

too much alcohol)

adj dry ÒÛ‚pt v dug *see digadj dumb ÌÂÏ, „ÎÛÔprep during Áa ‚ÂÏÂ, ÚoÍoÏ

dustn 1. dirt Ôa¯ËÌav 2. clean of dirt o˜ËÒÚËÚË Ôa¯ËÌÛn duster ÔÂÛ¯Ía Áa ˜Ë¯ÃÂø Ôa¯ËÌÂn duty (something you must do) ‰ÛÊÌoÒÚ

E n eagle oaon ear Û‚oadj early aÌov earn Áaa‰ËÚËn earring ÏĘ̈ۯa, ÌaÛ¯Ìˈan earth ÁÂÏΩan east ËÒÚoÍadj easy ÎaÍv eat jÂÒÚËn echidna ÂÍˉÌan edge ˂ˈav edit Û¨˂aÚË (‰˄o‚aÚË) ÚÂÍÒÚo‚Ân education o·aÁo‚aøÂ, ÔoÒ‚ÂÚa n effect ÔoÒΉˈa, ÛÚˈajn effort ÌaÔon egg jajÂadj either ·ËÎo ÍojË n elastic ÎaÒÚ˯n elbow ÎaÍaÚ

elderadj 1. older than ÒÚaËjË n 2. older person ÒÚaËja oÒo·a, ÒÚa¯ËÌan election ËÁ·oËn electrician ÂÎÂÍÚ˘an electricity ÂÎÂÍÚˈËÚÂÚ, ÒÚÛja

emailn 1. Internet letter ÂÎÂÍÚoÌÒÍa Ôo¯Úa, ÔËÒÏo Ìa àÌÚÂÌÂÚÛv 2. send an Internet letter ÒÎaÚË ÔËÒÏo ÔÂÍo àÌÚÂÌÂÚa

20

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass ‰o‚ÂÒÚË Û ÌÂÔËÎËÍÛ, ÔoÒÚˉÂÚËadj embarrassed oÒaÏoÃÂÌn emergency ıËÚaÌ ÒÎÛ˜ajn emigrant ÂÏË„aÌÚn emotion ÂÏoˆËjav employ ÁaÔo¯Ωa‚aÚËn employee ÁaÔoÒÎÂÌa oÒo·a, a‰ÌËÍ, ÌaϯÚÂÌËÍn employer ÔoÒÎo‰a‚aˆn employment ÁaÔoÒÎÂøÂ, ÔoÒaoadj empty ÔaÁaÌn emu ÂÏÛv encourage (o)ıa·ËÚË

endn 1. termination Áa‚¯ÂÚaÍ, Íajv 2. finish Áa‚¯ËÚËn enemy ÌÂÔËjaÚÂΩ

engagedadj 1. busy ÁaÛÁÂÚ, ÁaÔoÒÎÂÌadj 2. soon to be married ÁaÛ˜ÂÌn engine ÏoÚov enjoy ÛÊË‚aÚËadj enormous o„oÏaÌadj enough ‰o‚oΩÌov enquire aÒÔËÚË‚aÚË ÒÂv enter ÛÎaÁËÚËv entertain Áa·a‚ΩaÚË n entertainment Áa·a‚an entrance ÛÎaÁn entry ÛÎaÁÌˈan envelope Ío‚ÂaÚn environment ÊË‚oÚÌa Ò‰ËÌaadj equal a‚ÌoÔa‚aÌn equator ÂÍ‚aÚon equipment oÔÂÏa

escapen 1. an act of escaping ·ÂÍÒÚ‚ov 2. get away o‰·ÂÃË, Ôo·ÂÃËadv even (divisible by two) ÔaaÌ n evening ‚˜Ân event ‰o„a¨ajadj every Ò‚aÍËabbrev exam *see examinationn examination ËÒÔËÚ

examplen 1. illustration ÔËÏÂabbrev 2. e.g.

adj excellent o‰Î˘aÌ

21

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging aÁÏÂÌa, ÁaÏÂÌav 2. give up for an equivalent ÁaÏÂÌËÚË v excite ÛÁ·Û‰ËÚËadj excited ÛÁ·Û¨ÂÌn excitement ÛÁ·Û¨ÂøÂadj exciting ÛÁ·Û‰ΩË‚n excursion ÂÍÒÍÛÁËja

excusen 1. justification ËÁ„o‚o, oÔa‚‰aøÂv 2. pardon oÒÎo·o‰ËÚË int 3. Excuse me! àÁ‚ËÌËÚÂ!

exercisen 1. physical work ‚ÂÊ·aøÂn 2. class work ‚ÂÊ·a Û aÁ‰Ûn 3. exercise book ¯ÍoÎÒÍa Ò‚ÂÒÍa

exitn 1. way out ËÁÎaÁv 2. go out ËÁaÃËv expect o˜ÂÍË‚aÚËadj expensive ÒÍÛÔ

experiencen 1. thing undergone ËÒÍÛÒÚ‚ov 2. undergo ËÒÍÛÒËÚË, ‰oÊË‚ÂÚË

experimentn 1. science trial ÂÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚv 2. try something ÂÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚËÒaÚËv explain o·jaÒÌËÚËn explanation o·ja¯øÂøÂv explode ÂÍÒÔÎo‰ËaÚËv explore ËÒÚaÊËÚË

expressadj 1. fast ÂÍÒÔÂÒÌËv 2. say ËÁaÁËÚË

expressionn 1. on face ËÁaÁ Îˈan 2. in words ËÁaÊa‚aø ˜ËÏaadj extra ÔoÒ·aÌ, ‰o‰aÚaÌn eye oÍon eyebrow o·‚a

Fface

n 1. part of body ÎˈÂphrase 2. face the front oÍÂÌËÚ Ò ÌaÔ‰colloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) ëÛo˜ËÚ ÒÂ Ò ÚËÏ! n fact ˜ËøÂÌˈan factory Ùa·ËÍa

22

fade – fence

v fade ËÁ·Î‰ÂÚËv fail Ì ÛÒÔÂÚË

faintadj 1. not dark ËÁ·Î‰Âo, j‰‚a ÔËÏÂÚaÌv 2. become unconscious oÌÂÒ‚ÂÒÚËÚË ÒÂ

fairadj 1. just Ôa‚‰aÌ, ÙÂadj 2. light Ò‚ÂÚΠÍoÒÂ, ÍoÊÂadv fairly (quite) ÔË΢Ìon fairy ‚ËÎav fall ÔaÒÚËadj false ÎaÊaÌadj familiar ÔoÁÌaÚ

familyn 1. kin Ôoo‰Ëˆan 2. family tree Ôoo‰Ë˜Ìo ÒÚa·Îoadj famous ÒÎa‚aÌ

fann 1. great admirer o·oÊa‚aÎaˆ, Ìa‚Ëja˜n 2. equipment to blow air ‚ÂÌÚËÎaÚoadj far ‰aÎÂÍon fare (cost for trip) ÔÛÚÌË Úo¯aÍ, ˆÂÌa ÍaÚÂn farm ÙaÏan fashion Ïo‰aadj fashionable Ïo‰ÂaÌ

fastadv 1. quick ·Áadv 2. forward in time ÊÛË (ÒaÚ)v 3. go without food ÔoÒÚËÚËv fasten Ô˘‚ÒÚËÚËadj fat ‰Â·Âon father oÚaˆn fault „¯Ían favour ÛÒÎÛ„aadj favourite oÏËΩÂÌn fax ÚÂÎÂÙaÍÒ

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger ·ojaÁaÌ, ÒÚaıv 2. be afraid ·ojaÚË ÒÂn feather ÔÂov feed ıaÌËÚË

feelv 1. as emotion oÒÂÃaÚË (ÒÂ)v 2. touch ‰o‰ËÌÛÚËpt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) ÊÂÌÒÍË n fence o„a‰a

23

ferry – flashing

n ferry ÙÂË·oÚ, ÚajÂÍÚn festival ÙÂÒÚË‚aÎn fever „oÁÌˈaadj few ÌÂÍoÎËÍo

fieldn 1. where sport is played Ë„aÎ˯ÚÂn 2. open land ÔoΩÂ, øË‚aadj fierce ÔÎaıo‚ËÚ

fightn 1. battle ·o·a, ·ËÚÍav 2. engage in battle ·oËÚË ÒÂ

figuren 1. number ·ojÍa, ˆËÙan 2. person ÎËÍphr v 3. figure out (understand) oˆÂÌËÚË, Òı‚aÚËÚË v fill ÌaÔÛÌËÚËn film ÙËÎÏadj final ÍoÌa˜aÌv find ÌaÃË

fineadj 1. not raining ÎÂÔo ‚ÂÏÂadj 2. opposite thick ÚaÌÍo adj 3. well (healthy) ‰o·o (Á‰a‚o)n finger ÔÒÚ (Ìa ÛˆË)

finishn 1. end point Áa‚¯ÂÚaÍ, Íajv 2. end Áa‚¯ËÚË

firev 1. cease to employ ‰aÚË oÚÍaÁv 2. shoot ÔÛˆaÚËn 3. something burning ‚aÚa, ÔoÊan fireworks ‚aÚoÏÂÚadv first Ô‚Ën first aid Ô‚a ÔoÏoÃ

fishn 1. water creature Ë·av 2. catch fish Îo‚ËÚË Ë·Ûn fishing rod ¯ÚaÔ Áa Ë·oÎo‚

fitadj 1. healthy Á‰a‚n 2. size ‚Â΢ËÌa phrase 3. fit in with (match well) ÒÎa„aÚË Ò v fix Ò‰ËÚËn flag ÁaÒÚa‚an flame ÔÎaÏÂÌn flash (bright light) ·ÎÂÒaÍ adj flashing ·ÎÂÒÍa‚

24

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling ÒÚaÌ adj 2. shape ÔΩoÒÌaÚn flavour ÛÍÛÒpt v flew *see flyn flight ÎÂÚv float ÔÎÛÚaÚËn flood ÔoÔÎa‚a

floorn 1. part of a room Ôo‰, ÔaÚoÒn 2. level of a building ÒÔaÚ n floppy disk ÙÎoÔË (ÏÂÍa) ‰ËÒÍÂÚav flow ÚÂÃËn flower ˆ‚ÂÚabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect ÏÛ‚a v 2. move through the air ÎÂÚÂÚËn fog (weather condition) Ïa„Îa adj foggy Ïa„Îo‚ËÚv fold (ÔÂ)Òa‚ËÚËn folder ‰oÒËjÂv follow ÒΉËÚË, ÔaÚËÚËn font „aÌËÚÛa ¯ÚaÏÔaÒÍËı ÒÎo‚an food ıaÌan fool ·Û‰aÎaadj foolish „ÎÛÔn foot ÒÚoÔaÎon football Ìo„oÏÂÚn footwear o·ÛÃa

forphrase 1. for us Áa ÌaÒphrase 2. for NSW Áa ço‚Ë JÛÊÌË ÇÂÎÒphrase 3. for $5 Áa $5

forcen 1. strength ÒËÎa, ÒÌa„av 2. impose on ÔËÒËÎËÚËadj foreign (not native) ÒÚaÌË n foreigner ÒÚaÌaˆn forest ¯ÛÏapt v forgave *see forgivev forget Áa·oa‚ËÚËv forgive oÔoÒÚËÚËpt v forgot *see forgetn fork ‚ËΩÛ¯Ía

formn 1. paper you fill in ÙoÏÛÎa v 2. make o·ÎËÍo‚aÚË

25

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape o·ÎËÍn fortnight ‰‚ Ì‰ÂΩÂadj fortunate ÒÂÃaÌadv fortunately ÒÂÃoÏ

fortunen 1. large amount of money ·o„aÚÒÚ‚o n 2. luck ÒÂÃapt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain ÙoÌÚaÌa, ‚o‰oÒÍoÍn fraction aÁÎoÏaÍ, ‰Âon frame oÍ‚Ë

freeadj 1. costing nothing ·ÂÒÔÎaÚaÌadj 2. unoccupied ÒÎo·o‰aÌv 3. let go oÒÎo·o‰ËÚËn freedom ÒÎo·o‰av freeze ÁaÏÁÌÛÚËn freezer (appliance) ÁaÏÁË‚a˜ adj frequent ˜ÂÒÚadj fresh Ò‚ÂÊabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend ÔËjaÚÂΩadj friendly ÔËjaÚÂΩÒÍË, ΩÛ·aÁaÌn fright ÒÚaıv frighten ÛÔÎa¯ËÚË

fromphrase 1. from Sydney ËÁ ëˉÌÂjaphrase 2. from my grandmother o‰ Ïoj ·aÍÂphrase 3. from $10 o‰ $10

frontadj 1. opposite back Ô‰øËprep 2. in front of ËÒÔ‰n front door ÛÎaÁÌa ‚aÚan front steps Ô‰ø ÒÚÂÔÂÌˈÂv frown (Ìa)ϯÚËÚË ÒÂpt v froze *see freezen fruit ‚oÃÂ

fulladj 1. opposite empty ÔÛÌ, ÌaÔÛøÂÌadj 2. not hungry ÒËÚn full stop (punctuation mark) Úa˜Ía

funn 1. mirthful amusement aÁoÌo‰a, Áa·a‚a, Ôo‚o‰ colloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) ËÒÏÂja‚aÚË, Û„aÚË ÒÂn funeral ÒaıaÌa

26

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous ÒϯaÌadj 2. strange ˜Û‰aÌn fur ÍÁÌon furniture ÌaϯÚajadj further ‰aΩÂn future ·Û‰ÛÃÌoÒÚ

Gv gamble ÍoˆÍaÚË ÒÂn game Ë„an gaol *see jailn gap ÔaÁÌËÌa, oÚ‚on garage (of house) „aaÊa n garden ·a¯Úa, ‚Ún garlic ·ÂÎË ÎÛÍn gas ÔÎËÌn gate ÍaÔËjav gather ÒaÍÛÔËÚËpt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy ‚ÂÒÂo, aÒÔoÎoÊÂÌadj 2. homosexual ıoÏoÒÂÍÒÛaÎaÌn gender ÔoÎ

generaladj 1. usual „ÂÌÂaÎÌË, ÛoÔ¯ÚÂÌ, oÔ¯ÚËn 2. rank in army „ÂÌÂaÎadv generally „ÂÌÂaÎÌo, ÛoÔ¯Ú ÛÁ‚n generosity ‚ÂÎËÍo‰Û¯ÌoÒÚadj generous ‚ÂÎËÍo‰Û¯aÌadj gentle ·Îa„

getv 1. become ÔoÒÚaÚËv 2. receive ÔËÏËÚËv 3. possess ‰o·ËÚËv 4. arrive ÒÚËÃËv 5. obtain Ìa·a‚ËÚËphr v 6. get on with (like) ÒÎa„aÚË Ò phr v 7. get out (leave) ËÁaÃË, oÚËÃËphr v 8. get together (meet) ÒaÒÚaÚË Ò phr v 9. get up (arise) ‰ËÃË ÒÂ, ÛÒÚaÚËphr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) oÚaaÒËÚË ÒÂ

giantn 1. huge mythical being ‰Ë‚, „ooÒÚaÒadj 2. very big ‰Ë‚o‚ÒÍËn gift ÔoÍÎoÌn girl ‰Â‚ojÍa

27

give – grain

give v 1. hand to ‰aÚËphr v 2. give in (hand in) Ô‰aÚË (Û)colloq phr 3. give in (surrender) Ô‰aÚË ÒÂ, ÔoÔÛÒÚËÚË, o‰ÛÒÚaÚËphr v 4. give out (distribute) (Ôo)‰ÂÎËÚËphr v 5. give up (surrender) Ô‰aÚË ÒÂ, o‰ÛÒÚaÚË, ‚aÚËÚËphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) ÔÂÒÚaÚË (ÌÔ. ÔÛ¯ËÚË)adj glad a‰oÒÚaÌ

glassn 1. window material ÒÚaÍÎon 2. drinking vessel ˜a¯an glasses (for eyesight) Ìao˜a n glove ÛÍa‚ˈa

gov 1. move ËÃËphrase 2. go by bus ÔÛÚo‚aÚË aÛÚo·ÛÒoÏphrase 3. go out with ËÁÎaÁËÚË Òa ÌÂÍËÏ, Áa·a‚ΩaÚË Ò phr v 4. go wrong ÔoÃË ÌaoÔaÍo, ÔoÃË ÍË‚ËÏ ÔÛÚÂÏphr v 5. go on with (continue) ÌaÒÚa‚ËÚËphr v 6. go well ‰o·o ÔoÎaÁËÚËphr v 7. go over (check) ԄΉaÚË, Ôo‚ÂËÚËphr v 8. go through (check) ÔoÃË ÍoÁ ̯Úo, Ôo‚ÂËÚËphr v 9. go after (chase) (Ôo)jÛËÚË ÌÂÍo„an god ·o„n gold ÁÎaÚoadj golden ÁÎaÚaÌ

goodadj 1. opposite bad ‰o·ophrase 2. vegetables are good for you Ôo‚àj ‰o·o Áa ‚aÒcolloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) Ño·o ÒË Ôo¯ao! (˜ÂÒÚËÚaÏ), ÅÎa„o Ú·Ë!int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) ÔoÁ‰a‚ Áa ÔoÒÎÂÔo‰ÌÂint 5. Goodbye á·o„oÏint 6. Good day (greeting) Ño·a ‰aÌ int 7. Good morning (greeting) Ño·o jÛÚoint 8. Good night (farewell) ãaÍÛ ÌoÃ

goodnessn 1. virtue ‰o·oÚaint 2. My goodness! åËÎË ÅoÊÂ!

(expression of surprise)

n goods o·an gossip o„o‚aaøÂpt v got *see getv govern ‚Îa‰aÚË, ÛÔa‚ΩaÚËn government ‚Îa‰an governor „Û‚ÂÌÂv grab Á„a·ËÚËadv gradually ÔoÒÚÂÔÂÌon grain ÁÌo

28

grand – habit

adj grand ‚Â΢aÌÒÚ‚ÂÌn grandchild ÛÌÛ˜Ân granddaughter ÛÌÛÍan grandfather ‰Â‰an grandmother ·a·an grandparent ‰Â‰a ËÎË ·a·an grandson ÛÌÛÍn grape „oʨÂn graph „aÙËÍoÌn grass Úa‚aadj grateful Áaı‚aÎaÌn grave „o·adj great ‚ÂÎËÍn greed ÔoıÎÂÔaadj greedy ÔoıÎÂÔaÌadj green ÁÂÎÂÌv greet ÔoÁ‰a‚ËÚËn greeting ÔoÁ‰a‚pt v grew *see growadj grey ÒË‚n grief ÚÛ„av grieve ÚÛ„o‚aÚËv grill (cooking) ÔÂÃË Ìa o¯ÚËΩÛ

grossadj 1. total ·ÛÚocolloq 2. disgusting o‰‚aÚaÌ, „ÎoÏaÁaÌ

groundn 1. earth ÚÎo, ÁÂÏΩaadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) ÔËÁÂÏÌËn group „ÛÔaphrase group of students „ÛÔa ¨aÍa/ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌaÚav grow aÒÚËn grown-up o‰aÒÎa oÒo·av guard ÒÚaÊan guardian ÒÚaaÚÂΩv guess Ìa„a¨aÚË, Ôo„a¨aÚËn guest „oÒÚ

guiden 1. leader ‚o‰Ë˜v 2. show the way (Ô‰)‚o‰ËÚËn guilt Í˂ˈaadj guilty ÍË‚n guitar „ËÚaan gum tree ÂÛÍaÎËÔÚÛÒabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium „ËÏÌaÒÚ˘Ía ÒaÎa, ÚÂÂÚaÌa

H n habit Ìa‚ËÍa

29

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) ÚÛ˜a, „a‰ n hailstorm oÎÛja Òa ÚÛ˜oÏn hair ÍoÒan haircut ¯Ë¯aøÂadj halal ıaÎaÎ

halfadj 1. equal part of ÔoÎo‚ËÌa, ÔoÎaphrase 2. half-past eight ÔoÎa ‰Â‚ÂÚn hall ÒaÎan hallway ıo‰ÌËÍv halve aÒÔoÎo‚ËÚËn hamburger ıaÏ·Û„Â (ÔΩÂÒÍa‚ˈa)n hammer ˜ÂÍËÃ

handn 1. body part ¯aÍan 2. hand-out ÏËÎoÒÚËøaphr v 3. hand in Ô‰aÚËn handbag Û˜Ìa Úo·Ëˆan handball ÛÍoÏÂÚ

handlen 1. thing that may be held Û˜Ía v 2. touch ÛÍo‚aÚËadj handsome ÎÂÔ, Á„o‰aÌn handwriting ÛÍoÔËÒ

hangv 1. suspend o·ÂÒËÚË, ‚¯aÚËphr v 2. hang around (loiter) ÎÛøaÚË, ÁaÒÚajÍË‚aÚË phr v 3. hang onto (hold) ‰ÊaÚË Ò Ì˜„phr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) ÒÔÛÒÚËÚË ÒÎÛ¯aÎˈÛint 5. Hang on! (wait) óÂÍaj ÏaÎo! v happen ‰ÂÒËÚË ÒÂn happiness ÒÂÃaadj happy ÒÂÃaÌn harbour ÎÛÍa

hardadj 1. difficult ÌÂÁ„o‰aÌadj 2. not soft Ú‚‰adv hardly (rarely) ÂÚÍo Ía‰a v harm Ôo‚‰ËÚËn harvest ÊÂÚ‚an hat ¯Â¯Ëv hate ÏÁÂÚË

havev 1. own ËÏaÚËphrase 2. have a headache ËÏaÚË „Îa‚o·oΩÛphrase 3. have dinner ‚˜ÂaÚËphrase 4. have a hair cut o¯Ë¯aÚË ÒÂphr v 5. have on (wear) ËÏaÚË Ìa Ò·Ë, ÌoÒËÚË

30

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) ÏoaÚË, Ú·aÚË pron he oÌ

headn 1. body part „Îa‚an 2. leader ÛÍo‚o‰ËÎaˆ, ¯ÂÙn headache „Îa‚o·oΩan heading (title) ÌaÒÎo‚, ÌaÚÔËÒn health Á‰a‚ΩÂadj healthy Á‰a‚n heap (pile) „oÏËÎa, ıÔav hear ˜ÛÚËpt v heard *see hearn heart ÒˆÂ

heatv 1. warm (Û)„ÂjaÚËn 2. warmth ÚoÔÎoÚan heater (appliance) „ÂjaÎˈa adj heavy ÚÂÊaÍn height ‚ËÒËÌapt v held *see holdn helicopter ıÂÎËÍoÔÚÂint hello Á‰a‚o

help n 1. aid ÔoÏoà phrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) ÔoÒÎÛÊËÚ Ò colloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no control Ja ÚÛ Ì˯Úa Ì Ïo„Û

over it)adj helpful Ô‰ÛÒÂÚΩË‚ n hemisphere ıÂÏËÒÙÂa

her phrase 1. ask her ÔËÚajÚ j phrase 2. her book øÂÌa ÍøË„a adv here o‚‰Ân hero ıÂojv hesitate ÍoηaÚË ÒÂn hexagon ¯ÂÒÚoÛ„aoÌËÍint hi Á‰a‚opt v hid *see hidev hide ÒaÍËÚË

highadj 1. tall ‚ËÒoÍ adj 2. as for musical note ‚ËÒoÍa ÌoÚaphrase high-heeled shoe ˆËÔÂÎa Òa ‚ËÒoÍoÏ ÔÂÚoÏn high school Ò‰øa ¯ÍoÎa, „ËÏÌaÁËjan hill ·ÂÊÛΩaÍpron him ø„a, „an hip ÍÛÍv hire ËÁÌajÏËÚËpron his ø„o‚

31

history – however

n history ËÒÚoËjahit

v 1. strike Û‰aËÚËcolloq 2. winner ıËÚ, ‚ÂÎËÍË ÛÒÔÂıv hitch-hike ÔÛÚo‚aÚË aÛÚo-ÒÚoÔoÏn hobby ıo·Ë, oÏËΩÂÌa Áa·a‚Ìa aÍÚË‚ÌoÒÚ

holdv 1. grasp ‰ÊaÚË, Áaı‚aÚËÚËn 2. hold-up (robbery) ÔΩa˜Ían 3. hold-up (delay) ÁaÒÚoj int 4. Hold it! (stop) óÂÍaj ÏaÎo! colloq phr 5. hold on (wait) ëÚaÌË ÏaÎo n hole ÛÔan holiday ÔaÁÌËÍ, o‰Ïoadj hollow ¯ÛÔaΩadj holy Ò‚ÂÚËn home ÍÛÃa, ‰oÏadj homesick ÌoÒÚa΄˘aÌn homework (school work you ‰oÏaÃË a‰

do at home)

n honest Ôo¯ÚÂÌhook

n 1. curved piece of metal ÍÛÍav 2. catch ÛÔˆaÚË

hopen 1. expectation Ìa‰av 2. wish Ìa‰aÚË ÒÂn horizon ıoËÁoÌÚ

horn n 1. animal part o„n 2. car part ÚÛ·a adj horrible o‰‚aÚaÌn horror ÒÚa‚an horse Íoøn hospital ·oÎÌˈan host ‰oÏaÃËÌn hostel ıoÒÚÂÎ

hotadj 1. very warm ‚ÛÃÂcolloq 2. very good jaÍo ‰o·on hotel ıoÚÂÎn hot-plate ÊaÌa ÔÎo˜a Áa ÍÛ‚aøÂn hour ÒaÚn house ÍÛÃan housework (domestic work) ÍÛÃÌË ÔoÒÎo‚Ë

howadv 1. in what way ÍaÍo colloq phr 2. how come? (why) ÍaÍo Úo? conj however ϨÛÚËÏ

32

huge – industry

adj huge o„oÏaÌhuman

adj 1. of people ΩÛ‰ÒÍËn 2. human being ˜o‚ÂÍ, ΩÛ‰ÒÍo ·ËÃÂn humour ıÛÏopt v hung *see hangadj hungry „Îa‰aÌv hunt Îo‚ËÚË

hurryv 1. move quickly ÊÛËÚËcolloq phr 2. hurry up ÔoÊÛË

hurtv 1. injure Ôo‚‰ËÚËadj 2. wounded Ôo‚¨ÂÌ, aøÂÌn hut ÍoÎË·a

I pron I jan ice Ήn ice-cream ÒÎa‰oΉadj ideal ˉÂaÎaÌconj if aÍoadj ill ·oÎÂÒÚaÌadj illegal Ë΄aÎaÌn illness ·oÎÂÒÚn illustration ËÎÛÒÚaˆËjav imagine ÁaÏËÒÎËÚËadj immediate ÌÂÔoÒ‰aÌadv immediately o‰Ïaın immigrant ËÏË„aÌÚ, ‰oÒÂΩÂÌËÍadj important ‚aÊaÌadj impossible ÌÂÏo„ÛÃÂv improve ÔoÔa‚ËÚË

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place Ûphrase 2. in Australia Û ÄÛÒÚaÎËjËphrase 3. in January Û jaÌÛaÛphrase 4. in English Ìa ÂÌ„ÎÂÒÍoÏ phrase 5. in pencil oÎo‚ÍoÏphrase 6. in love ·ËÚË ÁaΩÛ·ΩÂÌphrase 7. in danger Û oÔaÒÌoÒÚËphrase 8. in time (not late) Ìa ‚ÂÏ v include ÛÍΩÛ˜ËÚËn income ÔËıo‰adj incorrect ÌÂËÒÔa‚aÌv increase Ôo‚ÂÃaÚËn index Ë̉ÂÍÒadj indoor ÛÌÛÚa, Û ÁaÚ‚oÂÌoj ÔoÒÚoËjËn industry Ë̉ÛÒÚËja

33

infect – is

v infect ËÌÙˈËaÚËn infection ËÌÙÂ͈Ëjav influence ÛÚˈaÚËn influenza ËÌÙÎÛÂ̈a, „ËÔav inform ËÌÙoÏËÒaÚËn information ËÌÙoÏaˆËjaprep in front of ËÒÔ‰v inhabit ÒÚaÌo‚aÚËn inhabitant ÒÚaÌo‚ÌËÍ

initialadj 1. first Ôo˜ÂÚÌËn 2. first letter of name ËÌˈËjaÎËn injection ËÌjÂ͈Ëjav injure Ôo‚‰ËÚËn injury Ôo‚‰aadj inner ÛÌÛÚa¯øËadj innocent Ì‚ËÌn insect ËÌÒÂÍÚv insert ÛÏÂÚÌÛÚËprep inside ÛÌÛÚav insist ËÌÒËÒÚËaÚË

instantn 1. moment ÏoÏÂÌaÚ, ÚÂÌadj 2. immediate ÏoÏÂÌÚaÎaÌ, ÚÂÌÛÚaÌadv instead ÛÏÂÒÚov instruct Ôo‰Û˜a‚aÚËn instruction ÛÔÛÚÒÚ‚on instrument (musical) ËÌÒÚÛÏÂÌÚ n insurance oÒË„ÛaøÂadj intelligent ËÌÚÂÎË„ÂÌÚaÌv intend ÌaÏÂa‚aÚËn interest ËÌÚÂÂÒadj interested ÁaËÌÚÂÂÒo‚aÌadj interesting ËÌÚÂÂÒaÌÚaÌn Internet àÌÚÂÌÂÚ, Ò‚ÂÚÒÍa ÍoÏÔjÛÚÂÒÍa ÏÂÊav interrupt ÔÂÍËÌÛÚËn intersection aÒͯÃÂn interview ËÌÚ‚jÛ, aÁ„o‚oprep into Ûv introduce Ô‰ÒÚa‚ËÚËn introduction (of a book) Û‚o‰ v invent ËÁÛÏËÚË n invitation ÔoÁË‚ v invite ÔoÁ‚aÚË

iron n 1. metal „‚oʨ n 2. household appliance Ô„Îa v 3. as for clothing Ô„ÎaÚË prt v is *see be

34

island – keyboard

n island oÒÚ‚o it

pron 1. subject oÌo pron 2. object ø„apron its (possessive) ø„o‚o

Jn jacket ÍaÚaÍ ÍaÔÛÚ, jaÍÌan jail ÁaÚ‚on jar Ú„Îaadj jealous ΩÛ·oÏoaÌn jeans ÙaÏÂÍÂn jet ÏÎaÁn jewel ‰a„Ë ÍaÏÂÌn jewellery ÌaÍËÚn job ÔoÒaov jog ¤o„ËaÚËn jogger ¤o„Â

joinv 1. unite ÔˉÛÊËÚË ÒÂv 2. as a club Û˜ÎaÌËÚË Ò adj joint Áaj‰Ì˘ÍËn joke ¯aÎan journey ÔÛÚo‚aøÂn joy a‰oÒÚ

judgen 1. person in court ÒÛ‰Ëjav 2. make a decision about ÔÂÒÛ‰ËÚËn judgment ÔÂÒÛ‰an judo ¤Û‰on juice ÒoÍv jump ÒÍo˜ËÚËn jumper (clothing) ¤ÂÏÔÂ

justadv 1. only ÒaÏoadj 2. fair Ôa‚‰aÌ

K n kangaroo ÍÂÌ„Û

keepv 1. hold on to Áa‰ÊaÚËphr v 2. keep away ‰ÊaÚË Ò Ôo‰aΩÂphr v 3. keep going ËÃË ‰aΩÂphr v 4. keep out Áa·aøÂÌ ÛÎaÁphr v 5. keep up Ôo‰ÛÊËÚË, ÌaÒÚa‚ËÚËcolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in çaÒÚa‚ÌËÍ ÌaÒ j Áa‰Êaopt v kept *see keepn key ÍΩÛ˜n keyboard ÚaÒÚaÚÛa, ÍÎa‚ËjaÚÛa

35

keyring – large

n keyring ÔÒÚÂÌ (ÍoÎÛÚ) Áa ÍΩۘ‚Ân keyword ÍΩÛ˜Ìa ˜v kick ¯ÛÚÌÛÚË, ËÚÌÛÚËcolloq kid (child) ‰ÂÚÂv kill Û·ËÚËn killer ۷ˈa

kindadj 1. good hearted ΩÛ·aÁaÌ, ‰o·o‰Û¯aÌn 2. type ‚ÒÚan kindness ΩÛ·aÁÌoÒÚn king ÍaΩv kiss ÔoΩÛ·ËÚËn kitchen ÍÛıËøan knee ÍoÎÂÌov kneel ÍΘaÚËpt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife ÌoÊv knit ÔÎÂÒÚËn knob „ÛÏÂÌ, oÍÛ„Îa Û˜Ía Ìa ‚aÚËÏav knock ÍÛˆaÚËn knot ˜‚o

knowv 1. understand aÁÛÏÂÚËv 2. be acquainted with ÁÌaÚËphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) Ja‚Ë ÏË n koala ÍoaÎan kookaburra ÍÛÍa·aa

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label ÂÚËÍÂÚan laboratory Îa·oaÚoËjan labour a‰v lack ̉oÒÚajaÚËn lad ÏoÏaÍn ladder ω‚ËÌÂpt v laid *see layn lake jÂÁÂon lamp Ò‚ÂÚËΩÍa

landn 1. opposite of sea ÍoÔÌon 2. country ÁÂÏΩa, ‰Êa‚av 3. as for plane ÒÎÂÚÂÚËn language jÂÁËÍ

lapn 1. body part ÍËÎo (Û ÍËÎÛ)n 2. distance in a pool ‰ÛÊËÌa ·aÁÂÌa Û ÚaÍÏ˘ÂøËÏaadj large ‚ÂÎËÍË

36

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first ÔoÒΉøËv 2. endure ËÒÚajaÚËadv lastly Ìa ÍajÛadj late (opposite of early) ÍaÒÌo adv lately Û ÔoÒΉø ‚ÂÏÂadv later ÍaÒÌËjÂv laugh ÒÏÂjaÚË ÒÂn laughter ÒÏÂın laundry ÔaoÌˈan law ÁaÍoÌ, Ôa‚on lawn Úa‚øaÍn lawyer Ôa‚ÌËÍ

layv 1. as for eggs ÌoÒËÚË (jaja)v 2. put ÔoÎa„aÚËadj lazy ÎÂø

leadv 1. go first Ô‰‚o‰ËÚËn 2. holder for a dog ÛÁˈa Áa ÔÒan leader ‚o¨an leadership ‚o¨ÒÚ‚on leaf ÎËÒÚv leak ÔoˆÛËÚË

leanv 1. incline ÌaÒÎoÌËÚË ÒÂadj 2. thin ϯa‚v leap ÒÍo˜ËÚËn leap year ÔÂÒÚÛÔÌa „o‰ËÌav learn (Ìa)Û˜ËÚËpt v learnt *see learnadj least ÌajÏaøÂn leather ÍoÊa

leavev 1. separate from oÚËÃËn 2. time off o‰ÒÛÒÚ‚ophr v 3. leave alone oÒÚa‚ËÚË Ìa ÏËÛphr v 4. leave on oÒÚa‚ËÚË ÛÍΩÛ˜ÂÌophr v 5. leave out ËÁoÒÚa‚ËÚËpt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) ΂oadj left-handed ΂aÍn leg Ìo„an lemon ÎËÏÛÌv lend ÔoÁajÏËÚË Ì¯Úo ÌÂÍoÏÂn length ‰ÛÊËÌapt v lent *see lendadv less ÏaøÂ

37

lesson – lizard

n lesson Ô‰a‚aøÂ, ˜aÒlet

v 1. allow ÔÛÒÚËÚË, ‰oÁ‚oÎËÚËv 2. rent ËÁ‰aÚË

lettern 1. as of alphabet ÒÎo‚o aÁ·ÛÍÂn 2. correspondence ÔËÒÏo, ‰oÔËÒn letterbox Ôo¯ÚaÌÒÍo ÒảۘÂn lettuce ÁÂÎÂÌa ÒaÎaÚaadj level a‚aÌn liar ÎaÊo‚n library ·Ë·ÎËoÚÂÍan licence ‰oÁ‚oÎav lick ÎËÁaÚËn lid ÔoÍÎoÔaˆ

liev 1. tell untruths Îa„aÚËphr v 2. lie down ÎÂÃËn life ÊË‚oÚn lifesaver ÒÔaÒËÎaˆ Ìa ÔÎaÊË

liftv 1. raise Ôo‰ËÃË n 2. elevator ÎËÙÚn 3. car ride Ôo‚ÂÒÚË ÌÂÍo„a aÛÚoÏo·ËÎoÏ

lightn 1. opposite of darkness Ò‚ÂÚÎon 2. as for electric light oÒ‚ÂÚÎÂøÂadj 3. not dark Ò‚ÂÚaoadj 4. not heavy Îa„aÌn lighter (as for cigarettes) ÛÔaΩa˜n lightning ÏÛøa

likev 1. be fond of ‚oÎÂÚËprep 2. similar to Ò΢Ìon limit o„aÌ˘ÂøÂn line ˆÚan lip ÛÒÌan liquid Ú˜ÌoÒÚn list ÒÔËÒaÍv listen ÒÎÛ¯aÚËpt v lit *see lightn litter oÚÔaˆË, ÒÏÂÃÂ, ÌaÍoÚadj little ÏaÎo

livev 1. exist ÊË‚ÂÚËadj 2. opposite of dead ÊË‚n living (job) ÔËıo‰ Áa ÊË‚ΩÂøÂn living room ‰Ì‚ÌË ·oa‚aÍ, ‰Ì‚Ìa Òo·an lizard „Û¯ÚÂ

38

load – lunch

v load ÛÚo‚aË‚aÚËn lobster jaÒÚo„

localn 1. person from a particular area ϯÚaÌËÌadj 2. pertaining to an area ÏÂÒÌË, ÎoÍaÎaÌn location ÎoÍaˆËjav lock ÁaÍΩÛ˜aÚËn log (wood) ÚÛÔaˆn lolly ·oÌ·oÌadj lonely ÛÒaÏΩÂÌ

longadj 1. opposite of short ‰Û„a˜aÍ, ‰Û„phr v 2. long for (want) ˜ÂÁÌÛÚË Áa ̘ËÏphrase 3. How long?(as time) äoÎËÍo ‰Û„o? phrase 4. How long?(as length) äoÎËÍo j ‰Û„a˜Ío?phrase 5. long ago ‰a‚Ìo

lookn 1. glance (ÍaÚaÍ) Ôo„Ήphr v 2. look at Ôo„ΉaÚËphr v 3. look after ‚o‰ËÚË ·Ë„Û o ÌÂÍoÏphr v 4. look for ÚaÊËÚËphr v 5. look forward to a‰o‚aÚË Ò Ì˜ÂÏ ¯Úo Ô‰ÒÚojËphr v 6. look up to Ôo¯Úo‚aÚË ÌÂÍo„phrase 7. look like (resemble) ΢ËÚËadj loose o‰Â¯ÂÌ, ÌÂÔ˘‚¯ÃÂÌ, Îa·a‚

losev 1. opposite of find ËÁ„Û·ËÚË Ì¯Úov 2. opposite of win ËÁ„Û·ËÚË Û Ë„Ëphrase 3. she lost her mother ËÁ„Û·ËÎa j ÏajÍÛ

(her mother died)

n loss „Û·ËÚaÍpt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny ÒÛ‰·ËÌaphrase 2. a lot of ÏÌo„oadj loud „ÎaÒaÌn lounge room ‰Ì‚ÌË ·oa‚aÍ

loven 1. passionate affection ΩÛ·a‚v 2. feel passionate ΩÛ·ËÚË, ‚oÎÂÚËadj low ÌËÁaÍn lower case ÏaÎo ÒÎo‚oadj loyal ÎojaÎaÌ, o‰aÌ, ‚ÂaÌn luck ÒÂÃaadj lucky ÒÂÃaÌn lump „ÛÏÂÌ, Í‚„an lunch Û˜aÍ

39

machine – match

M n machine Ïa¯ËÌa

madadj 1. angry ·ÂÒaÌadj 2. insane ÎÛ‰colloq phr 3. mad about (loves) ÎÛ‰Ûj Áa ÌÂÍËÏ (‚oÎË)n madam „oÒÔo¨apt v made *see maken magazine ˜aÒoÔËÒn magic ˜aoÎËjan magpie Ò‚aÍa

mailn 1. correspondence Ôo¯Úa (ÔËÒÏa)v 2. send ÒÎaÚË Ôo¯ÚÛadj main „Îa‚ÌË

makev 1. manufacture Ôa‚ËÚË, ÔoËÁ‚o‰ËÚËphrase 2. make the bed ÌaÏÂÒÚËÚË Í‚ÂÚphrase 3. make friends ÒÔËjaÚÂΩËÚË ÒÂphr v 4. make up (reconcile) ÔoÏËËÚË ÒÂn make-up ¯ÏËÌÍaadj male ÏÛ¯ÍËn mammal ÒËÒan man ˜o‚ÂÍv manage ÛÔa‚ΩaÚËn manager ÛÔa‚ÌËÍn mandarin ÏảaËÌan mango ÏaÌ„on manner (way) Ìa˜ËÌn manners (pertaining to ÎÂÔo ÔoÌa¯aøÂ

polite behaviour)

v manufacture ÔoËÁ‚o‰ËÚËadj many ÏÌo„Ën map ÏaÔan margin (of a book) ˂ˈa ÎËÒÚa Û ÍøËÁË, Ïa„ËÌan marijuana ÏaËıÛaÌa

markv 1. correct ËÒÔa‚ΩaÚË, oˆÂøË‚aÚËn 2. numerical value for work oˆÂÌan 3. spot o·ÂÎÂÊÂÌa Úa˜Ía, ÁÌaÍn market ÔËjaˆan marriage ·aÍ, ‚Â̘aøÂv marry oÊÂÌËÚË ÒÂ, Û‰aÚË ÒÂn mat aÒÛa, oÚËa˜

matchv 1. suit Ôo‰ÂÒËÚË, ÔËÎa„o‰ËÚË, Á‰ÛÊËÚËn 2. implement for lighting ¯Ë·Ëˆa

40

mate – midday

n 3. game Ϙ, Ë„an mate (friend) ‰Û„a n material ÏaÚÂËjaÎn mathematics ÏaÚÂÏaÚËÍaabbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance Ú‚a, ÒÛÔÒÚäaphrase 2. What's the matter? òÚa jÂ? ì ˜ÂÏÛ j Ôo·ÎÂÏ?phrase 3. It matters a lot ío j ÏÌo„o ‚aÊÌov may (allowed to) ÏoÃËadv maybe Ïoʉapron me ÏÂÌÂ, ÏÂn meal o·oÍ

meanv 1. intend ÌaÏÂa‚aÚËn 2. average ÔoÒÂÍphrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) çËÒaÏ Úo ıÚÂo ‰a ÍaÊÂÏn meaning ÁÌa˜ÂøÂn means (resources) Ò‰ÒÚ‚apt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile Û Ï¨ۂÂÏÂÌÛv measure ÏÂËÚËn measurement ÏÂan meat ÏÂÒon meat pie ÔËÚa o‰ ÏÂÒan mechanic ÏÂıaÌ˘an medication ÎÂÍn medicine ωˈËÌaadj medium Ò‰øËv meet ÒÂÒÚËn melon ÎÛ·ÂÌˈav melt (o)ÚoÔËÚË, (aÒ)ÚoÔËÚËn member ˜ÎaÌv memorise ÁaÔaÏÚËÚËn memory ÔaÏÃÂøÂv mend ÔoÔa‚ËÚËadj mental ‰Û¯Â‚ÌËv mention ÌaÔoÏÂÌÛÚË

menun 1. list in restaurant jÂÎo‚ÌËÍn 2. list on a computer ËÁ·o a‰øË Ìa a˜ÛÌaÛn mess ̉n message ÔoÛÍapt v met *see meetn metal ÏÂÚaÎn method ÏÂÚo‰an microscope ÏËÍoÒÍoÔn microwave (oven) ÏËÍoÚaÎaÒÌa ÔÂÃÌˈan midday Ôo‰ÌÂ

41

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central Ò‰øËn 2. centre Ò‰ËÌaadj middle-aged Ò‰o‚˜aÌn midnight ÔoÌoÃ

mightv 1. express possibility Ïo„ao ·Ën 2. strength ÒÌa„a, ÏoÃn migrant ÏË„aÌÚadj mild ·Îa„n military ‚ojÒÍan milk ÏÎÂÍon milkbar ÏΘÌË ÂÒÚoaÌ

mindn 1. consciousness ÛÏphrase 2. Keep in mind àÏajÚ Ìa ÛÏÛphrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) çËj ‚aÊÌo (Ì ·ËÌËÚÂ)phrase 4. I don't mind çÂÏaÏ Ì˯Úa ÔoÚË‚phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) èaÁËÚ Ìa ÒÚÂÔÂÌˈÛ

minepron 1. possessive Ïoj n 2. underground excavation Û‰ÌËÍn mineral ÏËÌÂaÎn minister (government) ÏËÌËÒÚaprep minus ÏËÌÛÒ

minuten 1. unit of time ÏËÌÛÚ adj 2. very small ÒËÃÛ¯aÌn mirror o„ΉaÎoadj miserable ja‰aÌv misplace ÁaÏÂÚÌÛÚË

missn 1. woman's title „oÒÔo¨Ëˆav 2. long for ̉oÒÚajaÚËv 3. opposite of hit ÔoÏa¯ËÚËadj missing ÌÂÒÚaon Missus „oÒÔo¨an Mister „oÒÔo‰ËÌn mistake „¯Íav misunderstand Ôo„¯Ìo Òı‚aÚËÚËv mix ϯaÚËn mixture ϯa‚ËÌan mobile phone Ïo·ËÎÌË ÚÂÎÂÙoÌ

modeln 1. representation Ïo‰ÂÎ, ÛÁoaÍn 2. person who shows clothes Ïo‰ÂÎ (Ìa Ïo‰Ìoj ‚ËjË) adj modern Ïo‰ÂaÌadj modest ÒÍoÏaÌadj moist ‚ÎaÊaÌ

42

moment – naked

n moment ÏoÏÂÌaÚn money Ìo‚aˆn monitor (computer) ÏoÌËÚo ÍoÏÔjÛÚÂa (ÂÍaÌ)n month ÏÂÒˆ (ÍaÎẨaÒÍË)n mood (frame of mind) aÒÔoÎoÊÂøÂn moon ÏÂÒˆ (Ì·ÂÒÍo ÚÂÎo)adj moral ÏoaÎaÌadv more ‚˯Ân morning jÛÚon mosque ¤aÏËjaadj most Ìaj‚˯Ân mother ÏajÍan motor ÏoÚon motor bike ÏoÚoˆËÍÎn motor scooter ÏoÔ‰

mousen 1. animal Ï˯n 2. computer part ÍoÏÔjÛÚÂÒÍË Ï˯ phrase mouse button (computer) ‰Û„Ï Ìa ÍoÏÔjÛÚÂÒÍoÏ Ï˯Ûn mousepad Ôo‰ÏÂÚa˜ ÍoÏÔjÛÚÂÒÍo„ Ï˯an moustache ·Ío‚Ën mouth ÛÒÚav move (Ôo)ÍÂÚaÚË (ÒÂ)n movement ÔoÍÂÚn movie ÙËÎÏabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms „¨Ëˆaadv much ÏÌo„oadj multicultural ÏÛÎÚËÍÛÎÚÛaÎaÌn multiplication ÏÌoÊÂøÂv multiply ÏÌoÊËÚËabbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing Û·ËÒÚ‚o Ò Ô‰ÛÏ˯ΩajÂÏv 2. kill unlawfully Û·ËÚËn muscle Ï˯ËÃn mushroom Ô˜ÛÍan music ÏÛÁËÍav must ÏoaÚËpron my Ïojn mystery ÏËÒÚÂËja, Áa„oÌÂÚÍa

N n nag ÁaÌo‚ÂÚaøÂ

nailn 1. body part ÌoÍaÚn 2. metal spike ˜a‚ao, ÂÍÒÂadj naked „o, Ìa„

43

name – nobody

namen 1. title ÌaÁË‚phrase 2. given name ËÏÂphrase 3. family name ÔÂÁËÏÂadj narrow ÛÁaÌadj nasty ÌÂÔËjaÚaÌn nation ÌaˆËja, Ìao‰adj nationality Ìao‰ÌoÒÚadj native Ûo¨ÂÌ˘ÍË, ‰oÏaÃË

naturen 1. person's character ÔËo‰a ÌÂÍ oÒo·Ân 2. environment ÔËo‰a, ÊË‚oÚÌa oÍoÎËÌaprep near Íaj, Ôo‰adv nearby ·ÎËÁÛadv nearly ÒÍoo, ÛÏaÎoadj neat Û‰aÌadj necessary ÔoÚ·aÌn neck ‚aÚv need Ú·aÚËn needle Ë„Îa

negativen 1. film Ì„aÚË‚adj 2. opposite of positive Ì„aÚË‚aÌv neglect ÁaÌÂÏaËÚËn neighbour ÍoϯËja, ÒÛÒ‰adv neither ÌËj‰aÌn nerve ÊË‚aˆadj nervous Ì‚oÁaÌn nest „ÌÂÁ‰o

netn 1. trap ÛÎo‚ËÚË ÏÂÊoÏ n 2. sport equipment ÏÂÊa (Áa ÒÔoÚ)abbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) ÌÂÚ·oÎ (Ë„a Ò΢Ìa Ío¯aˆË)adv never ÌËÍa‰aadj new Ìo‚n newspaper Ìo‚ËÌÂ

nextadv 1. after this ÒΉÂÃË ÔÛÚadj 2. following ÒΉÂÃËphrase 3. next door Û ÍoϯËÎÛÍÛadj nice ÔËjaÚaÌn night ÌoÃn nightclub ÌoÃÌË ÍÎÛ·n night dress ÒÔa‚aÃˈa

noint 1. opposite yes ÌÂdet 2. not at all ÌËÍaÍa‚pron nobody ÌËÍo

44

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal ÌoÃÌËv nod ÍÎËÏÌÛÚËn noise ·ÛÍaadv noisily ·Û˜Ìoadj noisy ·Û˜aÌpron none ÌËj‰aÌn noon Ôo‰ÌÂpron no-one ÌËÍoconj nor ÌËÚËadj normal ÌoÏaÎaÌn north Ò‚Ân nose ÌoÒn nosebleed Í‚aÂø ËÁ ÌoÒaadv not ÌË

noten 1. money Ìo‚˜aÌˈan 2. short piece of writing ÔËÒÏÂÌa ÔoÛÍaphrase 3. take note (be careful) o·aÚËÚ ÔaÊøÛphrase 4. take notes ·ÂÎÂÊËÚÂ, ÁaÔËÒÛjÚÂpron nothing Ì˯Úan notice ÒaoÔ¯ÚÂøÂn notice board o„ÎaÒÌa Úa·Îan noun ËÏÂÌˈan novel oÏaÌadv now Òa‰aadv nowadays Û ‰aÌa¯ø ‚ÂÏÂadv nowhere ÌË„‰Âadj nude „o, Ìa„

numbern 1. numeral ·ojÍa, ˆËÙav 2. count ·ojaÚËphrase 3. a number of o‰Â¨ÂÌ ·ojabbrev 4. no.

n nurse ωˈËÌÒÍa ÒÂÒÚanut

n 1. fruit oaıcolloq 2. mad person ÎÛ‰aÍ n nutrition ËÒıaÌa

O adj obedient ÔoÒÎÛ¯aÌv obey ÔoÒÎÛ¯aÚË

objectn 1. thing Ô‰ÏÂÚn 2. aim ˆËΩv 3. be against ÔoÚË‚ËÚË ÒÂn objection ÔË„o‚ov obtain Ìa·a‚ËÚË, ‰o·ËÚËadj obvious o˜Ë„ΉaÌ

45

occasion – only

n occasion ÔËÎËÍa, ‰o„a¨aj, Ìa‚aÚadv occasionally Ôo‚ÂÏÂÌon occupation ÁaÌËÏaøÂn ocean oÍÂaÌadv o'clock ÒaÚË (o‰„o‚o Ìa ÔËÚaø o ‚ÂÏÂÌÛ)

oddadj 1. strange ˜Û‰aÌphrase 2. odd number ÌÂÔaaÌ ·ojprep of oÁÌa˜a‚a ÔËÔa‰ÌoÒÚ ÌÂÍoÏint of course Ìaa‚Ìo

offadv 1. away from o‰aÚÎÂ, oÚÛ‰aprep 2. opposite on Òacolloq phr 3. Off you go! à‰Ë! äÂÌË!n offence ÔÂÒÚÛÔ

offern 1. proposal ÔoÌÛ‰av 2. present for approval ÔoÌÛ‰ËÚËn office ÍäÂÎaËjan officer ÒÎÛÊ·ÂÌËÍadj official Á‚aÌ˘aÌadv often ˜ÂÒÚoint oh! O!

oiln 1. of petroleum ÌaÙÚa, ÛΩÂv 2. grease Ôo‰ÏaÁË‚aÚËint okay Oä, Û Â‰Û

oldadj 1. opposite new ÒÚa (ÌËj Ìo‚)adj 2. opposite young ÒÚa (ÌËj ÏÎa‰)n old age ÒÚaoÒÚadj old-fashioned ÒÚaoÏo‰aÌ

onprep 1. representing location Ìa ̯Úoadj 2. opposite off Ìaphrase 3. on fire „oË (ÁaÔaÎËÎo ÒÂ)phrase 4. on foot Ô¯ÍÂphrase 5. on time Ìa ‚ÂÏÂphrase 6. on holidays Ìa o‰ÏoÛphrase 7. on the left ΂ophrase 8. on the right ‰ÂÒÌophrase 9. on top Ìa ‚ıÛ, „oÂ

onceadv 1. one time j‰aÌÔÛÚphrase 2. at once o‰Ïaı, ÒÏÂÒÚaphrase 3. once a week j‰ÌoÏ Ì‰ÂΩÌoadj one j‰aÌn onion ÎÛÍadv only ÒaÏo

46

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed oÚ‚oÂÌphrase 2. in the open (outside) Ìa oÚ‚oÂÌoÏ (ÌaÔoΩÛ)n opening oÚ‚o

operatev 1. work a‰ËÚË, oÔÂËÒaÚË, ÛÍo‚aÚËv 2. carry out surgery oÔÂËÒaÚË ÔaˆËjÂÌÚan operation oÔÂaˆËjan opinion Ï˯ΩÂøÂn opportunity ÔËÎËÍav oppose (ÛÒ)ÔoÚË‚ËÚË ÒÂn opposite ÒÛÔoÚaÌ

orangeadj 1. colour Ìaa̤aÒÚa ·ojan 2. fruit ÔoÏoa̤an orchestra oÍÂÒÚa

ordern 1. numerical sequence ‰n 2. direction for a supply ÌaÛ¤·av 3. put in sequence Ôo¨aÚËv 4. arrange supply of ÌaÛ˜ËÚËadj ordinary o·Ë˜aÌ

organn 1. musical instrument o„ÛΩÂn 2. body part o„aÌn organisation o„aÌËÁaˆËjav organise o„aÌËÁo‚aÚËn origin ÔoÂÍÎopron other ‰Û„Ëconj otherwise ËÌa˜Âpron our Ìa¯

outadv 1. opposite in ÌaÔoΩÛprep 2. out of ËÁ‚aÌphrase 3. Lights out! ì„aÒËÚÂ Ò‚ÂÚÎa!phrase 4. made out of ÌaÔa‚ΩÂÌ o‰phrase 5. out of bounds Áa·aøÂÌ ÔËÒÚÛÔphrase 6. out of date ÁaÒÚaÂÎophrase 7. out of order Û Í‚aÛphrase 8. out of work ÌÂÁaÔoÒÎÂÌ, ·ÂÁ ÔoÒÎaadv outside ÌaÔoΩÛadj oval (shape) o‚aÎaÌ

overadv 1. finished Áa‚¯ÂÌprep 2. pertaining to location ÔÂÍo, ËÁÌa‰ phrase 3. over and over ÔoÌa‚ΩaÌo, j‰Ìo Áa ‰Û„ËÏphrase 4. over there ÚaÏo (ÔÂÍo)phrase 5. fall over ÔaÒÚËadj overcrowded ÔÂÌaÚÔaÌ

47

overdo – pass

v overdo ÔÂÚÂË‚aÚËadj overdue ÁaÍaÒÌÂon overhead projector „aÙoÒÍoÔv overhear Ìa˜ÛÚËadj overnight ÔÂÍo ÌoÃËadv overseas Û ËÌoÒÚaÌÒÚ‚Ûv oversleep ÔÂÒÔa‚aÚËv overtake ÔÂÒÚËÃËv owe ‰Û„o‚aÚËphrase owing to (due to) Á·o„

ownv 1. have ÔoÒ‰o‚aÚË, ËÏaÚËphrase 2. his own money ËÏaÚË ÒoÔÒÚ‚ÂÌË Ìo‚aˆn owner ‚ÎaÒÌËÍ, ÒoÔÒÚ‚ÂÌËÍn oxygen ÍËÒÂoÌËÍ

Pv pack ÔaÍo‚aÚËphrase pack of cards ¯ÔËÎ ÍaaÚan packet ÔaÍÂÚn pad (as note-pad) ÌoÚÂÒn paddock o„a¨ÂÌa ÎË‚a‰a, Ôa¯øaÍn page ÒÚaÌapt v paid *see payn pain ·oÎv paint ·ojËÚË, ÒÎËÍaÚËn painting ÛÏÂÚÌ˘Ía ÒÎËÍan pair Ôaadj pale ·Î‰n pan ÚË„aøn pants ÔaÌÚaÎoÌÂn pantyhose ıÛÎaıoÔÍÂn paper ıaÚËjan paragraph o‰ÎoÏaÍ, Ôaa„aÙadj parallel ÔaaÎÂÎaÌn parallelogram ÔaaÎÂÎo„aÏn parent o‰ËÚÂΩ

parkn 1. green space ÔaÍv 2. as a car ÔaÍËaÚËn part ‰Âon participle (grammar) ÔaÚˈËÔadj particular o‰Â¨ÂÌn partner ÔaÚÌÂadj part-time Òa ÒÍaÃÂÌËÏ a‰ÌËÏ ‚ÂÏÂÌoÏn party (gathering) ÊÛÍa, Áa·a‚a

passv 1. go by ÔoÃË Ôo‰v 2. opposite of fail ÔoÎoÊËÚË ËÒÔËÚ

48

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over Ô‰aÚËn 4. train pass ÒÂÁoÌÒÍa ÍaÚa Áa ‚oÁn passage ÔÛÚ, ÔoÎaÁn passenger ÔÛÚÌËÍn passport ÔaÒo¯

pastn 1. time gone by Ôo¯ÎoÒÚ phrase 2. walk past ÔoÃË Ôo‰phrase 3. half past three ÔoÎa ˜ÂÚËËphrase 4. past tense Ôo¯Îo (Ò‚¯ÂÌo) ‚ÂÏÂn pasta ÚÂÒÚÂÌËÌa

pasten 1. glue ÎÂÔËÎov 2. stick with paste ÎÂÔËÚËn path ÒÚaÁa

patientn 1. a person under ÔaˆËjÂÌÚ

medical treatment

adj 2. calm under stress ÒÚÔΩË‚n pause ÔaÛÁan paw ¯aÔa

payn 1. earnings ÔÎaÚav 2. provide with money ÔÎaÚËÚËn pea „a¯aÍn peace ÏËadj peaceful ÏËaÌn pen ÌaÎË‚-ÔÂo, ıÂÏËjÒÍa oÎo‚Ía n pencil oÎo‚Ían pencil case ÔÂÌˈa, ÍÛÚËja Áa oÎo‚ÍÂn penguin ÔËÌ„‚ËÌn pentagon ÔÂÚoÛ„aoÌËÍn pepper ·Ë·Âadv per cent o‰ÒÚon percentage ÔoÒÚoÚaÍadj perfect Òa‚¯ÂÌv perform ËÁ‚o‰ËÚËn perfume ÔaÙÂÏ, ÏËËÒadv perhaps Ïoʉa

periodn 1. school day division ¯ÍoÎÒÍË ˜aÒn 2. pertaining to menstruation ÏÂÌÒÚÛaˆËjan 3. amount of time ‚ÂÏÂÌÒÍË ÔÂËo‰n permission o‰o·ÂøÂ

permitn 1. licence ‰oÁ‚oÎa Áa a‰v 2. allow ‰oÁ‚oÎËÚËn person oÒo·av persuade ۷‰ËÚË

49

pet – plate

n pet ÍÛÃÌË ΩÛ·ËÏaˆn petrol ·ÂÌÁËÌabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy ÙoÚoÍoÔËja

photographn 1. picture ÙoÚo„aÙËjav 2. take a picture ÒÎËÍaÚËn phrase ÙaÁa, ËÁÂÍaadj physical ÙËÁ˘ÍËn pianist ÔËjaÌËÒÚan piano ÍÎa‚Ë

pickv 1. choose o‰a·aÚËcolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) ÏaÎÚÂÚËaÚË, Ôo„aøaÚËcolloq phr 3. pick up some English ÌaÛ˜ËÚË Ì¯Úo ÂÌ„ÎÂÒÍo„phrase 4. take your pick ËÁa·ÂËÚÂn picnic ÔËÍÌËÍn picture ÒÎËÍan piece ÍoÏa‰n pile „oÏËÎan pill ÔËÎÛÎan pillow jaÒÚÛÍn pilot ÔËÎoÚn pin ÔË·a‰a˜an pineapple aÌaÌaÒn pipe ÎÛÎa

pityn 1. shame ÒaÊaΩÂøÂ, ¯ÚÂÚav 2. feel sorry for ÊaÎËÚË ÌÂÍo„

placen 1. location ÏÂÒÚov 2. put ÒÚa‚ËÚËphrase 3. take place (occur) ‰ÂÒËÚË ÒÂphrase 4. my place (home) Ío‰ ÏÂÌ (Ío‰ Ïoj ÍÛÃÂ)

plainn 1. field a‚Ìˈaadj 2. ordinary o·Ë˜aÌphrase 3. It's plain (clear) JaÒÌo jÂ

plann 1. scheme ÔÎaÌv 2. organise ÔÎaÌËaÚËabbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet ÔÎaÌÂÚan plant ·ËΩÍa

plasticn 1. resinous substance ÔÎaÒÚ˘Ìa ÏaÒaadj 2. mouldable ÔÎaÒÚ˘aÌn plate (household item) ÚaøË

50

platform – pool

platformn 1. on station ÔÂoÌn 2. for diving ÔÎaÚÙoÏa Áa ÒÍaÍaøÂ Û ‚o‰Ûn platypus (˜Û‰Ìo‚aÚË) ÍΩÛÌa

playn 1. drama ÔoÁo˯ÌË ÍoÏa‰v 2. have fun Ë„aÚË ÒÂphrase 3. play a game Ë„aÚË ÌÂÍÛ Ë„Ûphrase 4. play a CD ÒÎÛ¯aÚË CDn playground ‰Â˜Ëj ˄aÎ˯ÚÂadj pleasant ÔËjaÚaÌint please ÏoÎËÏadj pleased Áa‰o‚oΩaÌn pleasure Áa‰o‚oΩÒÚ‚on plenty o·ËΩÂ

plugn 1. stopper ÁaÔÛ¯a˜, ˜ÂÔn 2. electrical ÛÚËÍa˜phr v 3. plug in ÛÍΩÛ˜ËÚË

pluraladj 1. more than one ‚˯ÂÒÚÛÍn 2. grammar form ÏÌoÊËÌaprep plus ÔÎÛÒ

pocketn 1. pouch ¤ÂÔ, Úo·oÎaˆn 2. pocket money ¤ÂÔaaˆn poem ÔÂÒÏan poet ÔÂÒÌËÍn poetry ÔoÂÁËja

point n 1. sharp end ¯ËΩaÍ n 2. reason ÒÏËÒao n 3. numerical value ‰ÂˆËÏaÎÌa Úa˜Ía v 4. gesture with finger ÛÔËaÚË ÔÒÚoÏ phr v 5. point out ÛÍaÁaÚË phrase 6. point of view Úa˜Ía „Ή˯Úa v poke „ÛÌÛÚË, ˜ÂÔÍaÚË n pole ·ảÂa n police ÔoÎˈËja

polishn 1. substance used for shining Îa¯ÚËÎov 2. make glossy Îa¯ÚËÚËadj polite Û˜ÚË‚n politics ÔoÎËÚËÍav pollute Áa„a¨Ë‚aÚËn pollution Áa„a¨ÂøÂn pool (of water) ·aÁÂÌ, jÂÁˆÂ

51

poor – preparation

pooradj 1. opposite rich ÒËoÏa¯aÌadj 2. not very good ÒÎa·colloq 3. pitiable ja‰aÌ abbrev pop *see popularadj popular ÔoÔÛÎaaÌn population ÒÚaÌo‚Ì˯ڂo

positionn 1. location ÔoÎoÊaj, ÎoÍaˆËja, ÏÂÒÚon 2. viewpoint on „Ή˯ÚÂ

positiveadj 1. opposite negative ÔoÁËÚË‚aÌadj 2. sure ÔoÁËÚË‚aÌ, ÒË„ÛaÌv possess ÔoÒ‰o‚aÚËn possession ÔoÒ‰adj possible Ïo„ÛÃn possum oÔoÒÛÏv post ÒÎaÚË Ôo¯ÚoÏn postage stamp Ôo¯ÚaÌÒÍa ÏaÍan postcard ‰oÔËÒÌˈan post office Ôo¯Úan poster ÔÎaÍaÚ, ÔoÒÚÂn pot (container) ¯ÂÔa, ÎoÌaˆn potato ÍoÏÔËn pot plant ÒaÍÒËja Òa ·ËΩÍoÏn pouch Úo·oÎaˆ, ÍÂÒan powder Ôa¯aÍ, Ôaı

powern 1. strength ÒÌa„a, ja˜ËÌa, ÏoÃphrase 2. in power (in charge) Ìa ‚ÎaÒÚËadj powerful ÏoÃaÌ, ÒÌaÊaÌphrase power point ÛÚ˘Ìˈaadj practical ÔaÍÚ˘aÌn practice ÔaÍÒav practise ÛÔaÊøa‚aÚË, ‚ÂÊ·aÚË

praisen 1. approval Ôoı‚aÎav 2. express approval (Ôo)ı‚aÎËÚËv pray ÏoÎËÚË ÒÂn prayer ÏoÎËÚ‚aadj precious ‰a„oˆÂÌv prefer ÔÂÚÔoÒÚa‚ËÚË, ‚˯ ‚oÎÂÚËadj pregnant ÚÛ‰Ìan prejudice Ô‰aÒÛ‰a

premiern 1. state government leader ÔÂÏËj ‰Êa‚Ì ‚Îa‰Âadj 2. leading ‚o‰ÂÃËn preparation ÔËÔÂÏa

52

prepare – progress

v prepare ÔËÔÂÏËÚËn preposition Ô‰Îo„n prescription (doctor's) ˆÂÔÚ (ÎÂÍaÒÍË)

presentn 1. gift ÔoÍÎoÌv 2. give out ÔoÍÎoÌËÚË, ‰aÚËadj 3. opposite absent ÔËÒÛÚaÌphrase 4. at present (now) ÏoÏÂÌÚaÎÌo, Òa‰a n president Ô‰Ò‰ÌËÍ

pressn 1. media ¯ÚaÏÔav 2. push ‚¯ËÚË ÔËÚËÒaÍv pretend ÔÂÚ‚aaÚË ÒÂadj pretty ÎÂÔÛ¯ÍaÒÚ, Á„o‰aÌv prevent ÒÔ˜ËÚËadj previous ÔÂÚıo‰ÌËn price ˆÂÌav prick Û·oÒÚËn pride „o‰oÒÚ, ÔoÌoÒadj primary oÒÌo‚Ìo, Ô‚o·ËÚÌon primary school oÒÌo‚Ìa ¯ÍoÎan prime minister ÏËÌËÒÚa Ô‰Ò‰ÌËÍ, Ô‰Ò‰ÌËÍ ‚Îa‰Â

principaln 1. school head ‰ËÂÍÚo ¯ÍoÎÂadj 2. leading ‚o‰ÂÃËn principle Ìa˜ÂÎo, ÔË̈ËÔ

printv 1. of handwriting ÔËÒaÚË ¯ÚaÏÔaÌËÏ ÒÎo‚ËÏav 2. of machine ¯ÚaÏÔaÚË n printer (computer) ¯ÚaÏÔa˜n prison ÁaÚ‚oadj private ÔË‚aÚaÌn prize Ìa„a‰an probability ‚Âo‚aÚÌoÃaadj probable ‚Âo‚aÚaÌadv probably ‚Âo‚aÚÌon problem Ôo·ÎÂÏv proceed ÌaÒÚa‚ËÚËn process ÔoÒÚÛÔaÍ, ÔoˆÂÒn procession Ôo‚oÍa

producen 1. yield ÔËo‰v 2. make ÔoËÁ‚ÂÒÚËn product ÔoËÁ‚o‰n profession ÔoÙÂÒËjan professor ÔoÙÂÒon profit ÔoÙËÚn program Ôo„aÏn progress Ôo„ÂÒ, ÌaÔ‰aÍ

53

project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) ÔojÂÍaÚpromise

n 1. assurance o·ÂÃaøÂv 2. vow Áa‚ÂÚo‚aÚË ÒÂn pronoun ÁaÏÂÌˈav pronounce ËÁ„o‚aaÚËn pronunciation ËÁ„o‚on proof ‰oÍaÁadj proper Ôa‚ËÎaÌ, ΢aÌ, ËÒÔa‚aÌadv properly Ôa‚ËÎÌo, ‚aΩaÌon property ËÏo‚ËÌav protect ¯ÚËÚËÚËn protection Áa¯ÚËÚa

protestn 1. objection ÔoÚÂÒÚ, ÔoÚË‚ΩÂøÂv 2. object ÔoÚÂÒÚo‚aÚË, ÔoÚË‚ËÚË ÒÂadj proud ÔoÌoÒaÌv prove ‰oÍaÁaÚËv provide o·ÂÁ·Â‰ËÚËn pub ͘Ïaadj public ja‚ÌË, ‰Êa‚ÌËn public school ‰Êa‚Ìa ¯ÍoÎaphrase public transport ja‚ÌË Òao·aÃaj

pullv 1. tug ‚ÛÃË, Ú„ÎËÚËphr v 2. pull down (demolish) ÒÛ¯ËÚËphr v 3. pull up (stop) ÁaÛÒÚa‚ËÚË ÒÂcolloq phr 4. pull oneself together Òa·aÚË ÒÂn pump ÔÛÏÔaadj punctual Úa˜aÌv punish ÍaÁÌËÚËn punishment ÍaÁÌa

pupiln 1. eye part ÁÂÌˈan 2. school student ¨aÍadj pure ˜ËÒÚadj purple Ω۷˘aÒÚ

pushv 1. exert force ÒËÎoÏ „ÛaÚËphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) Û„ÛaÚË ÒÂ

putv 1. place ÒÚa‚ËÚËphr v 2. put away (pack up) ÔoÒÔÂÏËÚËphr v 3. put off (delay) o‰ÎoÊËÚËphr v 4. put on (dress in) o·ÛÃËphr v 5. put out (as fire) Û„aÒËÚËphr v 6. put up with (endure) Ôo‰ÌoÒËÚËn puzzle ÒÎa„aÎˈa, ÔÛÁÎan pyjamas ÔˤaÏa

54

pyramid – realise

n pyramid ÔËaÏˉa

Qv qualify (make competent) Í‚aÎËÙËÍo‚aÚË, oÒÔoÒo·ËÚËadj quality Í‚aÎËÚÂÚaÌn quantity Ío΢ËÌav quarrel Ò‚a¨an quarter ˜ÂÚ‚ÚËÌa, ˜ÂÚ‚Ún queen ÍaΩˈan question ÔËÚaøÂn queue ‰adj quick ·Áadv quickly ·Áoadj quiet ÚËıadv quietly ÚËıov quit ÌaÔÛÒÚËÚË, ÔÂÍËÌÛÚËadv quite ÒaÒ‚ËÏ

Rrace

n 1. competition ÚÍa, ÚaÍÏ˘ÂøÂn 2. ethnicity aÒav 3. compete ÚaÍÏ˘ËÚË Ò n racism aÒËÁaÏn radio a‰Ëon radius ÔoÎÛÔ˜ÌËÍn railing o„a‰an railway ÊÂÎÂÁÌˈan rain Í˯an rain coat (Í˯Ìa) Ía·aÌˈav raise Ôo‰ËÁaÚË, ‰ËÃËpt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range ÌËÁ, ‰oÏÂÚv rank ˜ËÌadj rapid ·Áadj rare ‰aÍn rash (skin eruption) oÒËÔadv rather (to a certain extent) a‰ËjÂadj raw ÒËo‚

reachv 1. arrive at ÒÚËÃË, o‰ÎÛ˜ËÚËphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) ̉oÒÚËÊaÌv react Âa„o‚aÚËn reaction Âa͈Ëjav read ˜ËÚaÚËadj ready ÒÔÂÏaÌadj real ÂaÎaÌ, ÒÚ‚aaÌv realise Òı‚aÚËÚË

55

really – republic

adv really ÒÚ‚aÌoadj rear ÒÚaÊøËn reason aÁÎo„v receive (get) ÔËÏËÚËadj recent ÒÍoa¯øËn recess (morning tea) o‰Ïo, ÔaÛÁa colloq reckon (think or suppose) ÔÂÚÔoÒÚa‚ËÚËv recognise ÔÂÔoÁÌaÚËv record ÁaÔËÒË‚aÚË, ÒÌËÏaÚË, ·ÂÎÂÊËÚË

recountn 1. story genre ÔÂÔ˘a‚aø v 2. narrate ÔÂÔ˘aÚË

recoverv 1. get back ‰o·ËÚË ÌaÁa‰v 2. get better oÔoa‚ËÚË ÒÂn rectangle Ôa‚oÛ„aoÌËÍadj red ˆ‚ÂÌv reduce ÒÏaøËÚËv refer ÛÔÛÚËÚË, ÔÂÔoÛ˜ËÚË, ÔoÁ‚aÚË ÒÂn referee ÒÛ‰Ëja (ÒÔoÚÒÍË)n refrigerator ÙËÊˉÂn refugee ËÁ·Â„Îˈav refuse o‰·ËÚËn region „Ëjav regret ÊaÎËÚËadj regular ‰o‚aÌadv regularly ‰o‚Ìon relation (kin) o¨aÍn relationship o‰ÌoÒn relative o¨aÍv relax oÔÛÒÚËÚË ÒÂ, ÂÎaÍÒËaÚËn religion ÂÎË„Ëja, ‚Âa, ‚ÂoËÒÔo‚ÂÒÚv remain oÒÚaÚËn remark ÔËω·av remember ÒÂÃaÚË ÒÂv remind Ôo‰ÒÂÚËÚËn reminder Ôo‰ÒÂÚÌËÍv remove ÛÍÎoÌËÚË

rentn 1. payment for accommodation ÍËËja, ÒÚaÌaËÌav 2. hire ËÁÌajÏËÚËv repeat ÔoÌo‚ËÚËv replace Ìa‰oÏÂÒÚËÚË, ÁaÏÂÌËÚËv reply o‰„o‚oËÚË

reportn 1. written account ÔËÒÏÂÌË ËÁ‚¯Úajv 2. give an account ËÁ‚ÂÒÚËÚËn reporter ‰oÔËÒÌËÍ, Ìo‚ËÌan republic ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍa

56

request – ring

requestn 1. petition ÁaıÚ‚v 2. ask for ÁaıÚ‚aÚË, ÚaÊËÚËv rescue ÒÔaÒËÚË

reserven 1. park ÔaÍv 2. keep aside ÂÁ‚ËÒaÚËn resident ÒÚaÌo‚ÌËÍn respect Ôo¯Úo‚aøÂn responsibility o‰„o‚oÌoÒÚadj responsible o‰„o‚oaÌ

restn 1. relaxation o‰Ïov 2. relax o‰ÏoËÚË ÒÂn 3. remainder oÒÚaÚaÍn restaurant ÂÒÚoaÌn rest room ÍÎoÁÂÚ, WCn result ÂÁÛÎÚaÚ

returnn 1. arrival back Ôo‚aÚaÍv 2. go back to ‚aÚËÚË ÒÂv 3. give back to ‚aÚËÚË phrase 4. return tickets Ôo‚aÚÌÂ ÍaÚÂ

reverseadj 1. opposite forward ÛÌaÁa‰v 2. go backwards ËÃË ÛÌaÁa‰v revise ‚ˉËaÚË, ÔÂËÒÔËÚaÚË

revolutionn 1. full circle ÔÛÌ o·Úajn 2. war ‚oÎÛˆËjan reward Ìa„a‰an rhythm ËÚaÏn ribbon ÚaÍa, ÔaÌÚΩËÍan rice ÔËËÌa˜adj rich ·o„aÚv rid oÒÎo·o‰ËÚË, o˜ËÒÚËÚËv ride jaıaÚË, ‚oÁËÚË ·ËˆËÍÎ/ÏoÚoˆËÍÎ

rightadj 1. opposite wrong ËÒÔa‚aÌadj 2. opposite left ‰ÂÒÌËadv 3. direction Û‰ÂÒÌon 4. just claim Ôa‚ophrase 5. all right (as for health) Û Â‰Û (Á‰a‚ÒÚ‚ÂÌo)phrase 6. all right (as for agreement) Û Â‰Û (‰o„o‚oÂÌo)phrase 7. right now (immediately) Òa‰ o‰Ïaı (ÏoÏÂÌÚaÎÌo)n right angle Ôa‚Ë Û„ao

ringn 1. jewellery ÔÒÚÂÌv 2. as a phone ÌaÁ‚aÚË

57

ripe – run

v 3. as a bell Á‚oÌËÚËadj ripe ÁÂo

risen 1. ascent ÛÁ·‰Ëˆav 2. get up ÛÒÚaÚËn risk ËÁËÍn river ÂÍan road ÔÛÚv roar ËÍaÚËn robot o·oÚn rock ÒÚÂÌan rockpool jÂÁˆ ÏÂ¨Û ÒÚÂÌaÏan rod ¯ÚaÔpt v rode *see ride

rolln 1. absentee list ÔoÁË‚ÌË ÒÔËÒaÍ n 2. form of bread Ôˆ˂ov 3. move by turning over ‚aΩaÚË ÒÂ, ÒÏoÚaÚËn roof Ío‚n room Òo·an root ÍoÂÌn rope ÛÊÂ

rosen 1. flower ÛÊapt v 2. *see rise

adj rough „Û·round

adj 1. circular oÍÛ„aophrase 2. round the corner ËÁa Û„Îa

rown 1. arrangement in a line ‰, ÌËÁn 2. fight Ò‚a¨av 3. as a boat ‚ÂÒÎaÚËadj royal ÍaΩ‚ÒÍËv rub ÚΩaÚËn rubber „ÛÏan rubbish ¨Û·Âadj rude ·ÂÁo·aÁaÌv ruin ÛÔoÔaÒÚËÚË

rulen 1. regulation ÔoÔËÒ, Ôa‚ËÎov 2. as a line ÌaˆÚaÚË ÎÂøËoÏv 3. govern ‚Îa‰aÚËn ruler (school equipment) ÎÂøË

runv 1. move fast Ú˜aÚËphrase 2. a river runs into the ocean ÂÍa Ò ÛÎË‚a Û oÍÂaÌphr v 3. run away from Ôo·ÂÃË, o‰·ÂÃËphr v 4. run out of ÔoÚo¯ËÚË

58

rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) Ô„aÁËÚËn rung (of a ladder) Ô˜Ía (Ìa ω‚ËÌaÏa)n runner-up ‰Û„Ë ÚaÍÏ˘a ËÁa ‰o·ËÚÌËÍaphrase runny nose ¯ÏÍa‚ ÌoÒv rush jÛËÚË, ÊÛËÚË ÒÂ

Sadj sad ÚÛÊaÌadj safe ·ÂÁoÔaÒaÌ, Áa¯ÚËÃÂÌpt v said *see say

sailn 1. part of ship j‰ov 2. cause movement of ship j‰ËÚË

using wind

n salad ÒaÎaÚan salary ÔÎaÚa (˜ËÌo‚Ì˘Ía)n sale Ôo‰ajan salt Òoadj same ËÒÚon sand ÔÂÒaÍn sandal ÒảaÎan sandwich ÒẨ‚˘pt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction Áa‰o‚oΩÒÚ‚oadj satisfactory Áa‰o‚oΩa‚ajÛÃËadj satisfied Áa‰o‚oΩaÌv satisfy Áa‰o‚oΩËÚËn sauce ÛÏaÍ, ÒoÒn sausage Ío·aÒˈa

savev 1. rescue ÒÔaÒËÚË, ËÁ·a‚ËÚËv 2. keep on computer Òa˜Û‚aÚË Ìa a˜ÛÌaÛv 3. keep as money Û¯Ú‰ÂÚË

sawn 1. tool ÚÂÒÚÂa, ÔËÎapt v 2. *see see

v say ÂÃË, ÍaÁaÚËscale

n 1. covering on animals ÍΩÛ¯Ún 2. measuring device ÚÂaÁËjÂ, ‚a„a, ÍaÌÚaadj scarce oÒÍÛ‰aÌ, ‰aÍn scarf ÏaaÏa, ¯aÎ, ¯aÔan scene ÒˆÂÌan scenery ÔÂjÁaÊ, ÍÛÎËÒÂn school ¯ÍoÎan school shoe ˆËÔÂÎa Áa ¯ÍoÎÛn science ÌaÛÍan scissors ÏaÍaÁÂ

59

score – set

scoren 1. points made in a game ·o‰o‚Ëv 2. to get points ‰o·ËÚË ·o‰o‚Âv scream ÍËÍÌÛÚË, ‚ËÒÌÛÚË, ‚˯ÚaÚËn screen ÂÍaÌn screw ¯aaÙn sea ÏoÂn seagull „aη

searchn 1. the act of searching ÔoÚa„a, Úa„aøÂv 2. look for Úa„aÚË, ÚaÊËÚËn season „o‰Ë¯ø ‰o·an seat Ò‰˯ÚÂ

secondn 1. unit of time ÒÂÍÛ̉aadj 2. after first ‰Û„Ëadv secondly Íao ‰Û„o

secretn 1. something hidden ÚajÌaadj 2. unknown by others ÚajÌËn section ‰Âo, ÔÂÒÂÍv see ‚ˉÂÚËn seed ÒÂÏÂv seek ÚaÊËÚËadv seldom ÂÚÍov select o‰a·aÚËadj selfish Ò·˘aÌv sell Ôo‰aÚËv send ÔoÒÎaÚË

sensen 1. one of the five faculties ˜ÛÎophrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) ·ËÚË jaÒaÌadj sensible aÁ·oËÚpt v sent *see sendn sentence ˜ÂÌˈa

separateadj 1. disconnected o‰‚ojÂÌv 2. to keep apart o‰‚ojËÚËn sequence ‰oÒΉn series ÒÂËja

seriousadj 1. important oÁ·ËΩaÌ, ‚aÊaÌadj 2. opposite of lighthearted oÁ·ËΩaÌ, ÌËj ÌÂoÁ·ËΩaÌn servant ÒÎÛ„av serve ÒÎÛÊËÚËn service ÒÎÛÊ·a

setv 1. to put in a particular place ÒÏÂÒÚËÚËn 2. a group of things ÍoÏÔÎÂÚ

60

settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) ÍÂÌÛÚËphr v 4. set out (put in order) Ôo¨aÚËphr v 5. set up (prepare) ÔËÔÂÏËÚË

settlev 1. to live in ÌaÒÚaÌËÚË ÒÂphr v 2. settle on (agree on) Ìa„o‰ËÚË ÒÂ, ÒÔoaÁÛÏÂÚË ÒÂn settlement ÌaÒÂΩÂ, Ìa„o‰·an settler ÌaÒÂΩÂÌËÍadj several ÌÂÍoÎËÍov sew ¯ËÚËn sex ÒÂÍÒ, ÔoÎn sexism ÒÂÍÒËÁaÏn shade ı�