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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Themes
by
Tom Henyey
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
“Shared Minds”
by
Michael Schrage
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Multidisciplinary Interaction = Collaboration
Collaboration is one of the most productive and important
of all human relationships.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Real Science
- the science that matters, the science that changes our
views of reality -
is an elaborate and inherently collaborative process.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
In collaboration you try to get a communal mind going; you want to
get people’s minds to interact as components of a larger mind.You get a communal brain.
What matters are not just the individual talents. But the ability to
integrate them.Collaboration is the process of
shared creation.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Creatinga shared understanding
is simply a different task than exchanging information.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Collaboration is not the sum of individual actions;
rather collaboration must be greater than the
sum of the individual parts.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
SCEC'S Master Theme
The whole (Center) is greater than the sum of the individual
parts (Investigators).
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
If we now return to Schrage's thesis that collaboration must be greater
than the sum of the individual parts, then:
Center = Collaboration
And thus one measure of our success as a center is to look for
evidence of collaboration.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:(Collaboration Themes)
– Common Goal –Master Model
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Interactive Opportunities –Opportunities for Communication
• Working groups
• Workshops
• Symposia
• Field campaigns
• Annual meeting
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Integration –
• Phase I, II, and III reports• Earthquake ground motion scenarios• Los Angeles basin velocity model• Southern California Integrated GPS network• Workshops and symposia
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Integration of GPS into Risk Estimation
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Fence Diagram from the SCEC Seismic Velocity Model of Southern California
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Top panel: A “sonogram” type image originally for oil exploration made by recording signals from a vibrator moving along a north-south line. The vibrations reflect off buried structures which can be seen in the data when all seismograms are looked at together. Knowing the structures beneath southern California allows for better understanding of where earthquakes can occur, and how the ground will shake as a result. These data were used to construct the upper diagram showing that this was the causal fault for the 1987 earthquake.
Bottom panel: Diagram of sub-surface structure in southeast Los Angeles County. The relationship between the Whittier Narrows blind fault that warps the overlying strata, and the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake is shown.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Shared Facilities –
• Data Centers (CIT, UCSB, UCSD)
• Santa Barbara Instrument Center
• SCIGN
• Post-Doctoral Fellows program
• Summer Undergraduate Intern program
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
GPS Velocity Map of Southern California
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– System-level Science –
• Seismic hazard models
• Fault system behavior (e.g., faults of Los Angeles)
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Top panel: Surface projections of major fault systems of the Los Angeles area. Edges with triangles represent the “tops” of the fault planes – solid if the fault breaks the surface and hollow if the fault is buried. The opposite edge of each fault system mapped above represents the “bottom” of the fault plane which is generally 10-15 km deep. Black areas are the surfaces which moved during earthquakes (including the black line on the near-vertical San Andreas fault). The magnitude listed is for a hypothetical earthquake which breaks the entire fault system.
Bottom panel: 51 potential moderate (M6.5-M6.8) earthquakes on the major fault systems. Numbers denote the recurrence intervals for earthquakes in each section.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Problem Identificationand
Consensus Building –• Phase I, II, and III reports
• Focus on the Los Angeles basin
• SCIGN
• LARSE I and II
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
SCEC Phase III Report
An investigation of how and if site effects can be accounted for in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) in southern California
Conclusions:1) Detailed classification (beyond rock versus soil) is justified
with the Wills et al. (2000) map.
2) Basin depth is a significant factor, even for PGA (but may be a proxy).
3) Uncertainty (sigma) remains high after site corrections.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Pooled Manpower and Resources –
• LARSE I and II
• Post-earthquake responses
• SCIGN
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment
Top panel:
Crustal structure image across the Los Angeles basin and San Gabriel Mountains from seismic transect.
Bottom panel: Interpretation of fault structure based on data from top panel.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Post-earthquakeResponse –
• Landers
• Northridge
• Hector Mine
• Turkey
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Interdisciplinary Education and Training –
• Summer Undergraduate Intern program• Post-doctoral Fellows and Graduate student
programs at core institutions• LARSE I and II• Annual meetings and poster sessions• Workshops
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Evidence for Collaboration:
– Partnerships, and Links to Other Earthquake Information
Providers & Research Entities –• With USGS• With JPL/NASA• With CDMG• With PEER/CUREe• With many through SCEC's Education and
Knowledge Transfer program
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Collaboration between Earth Scientists and Engineers
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Other Important Center Attributes
• Sustained scientific efforts
• Seeded occasional "risky" projects
• Addressed the same natural laboratory
• Open data policy
• Knowledge transfer activities
• Broadened graduate education
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
Collaboration Themes Summary• Common goal• Interactive & communication opportunities • Integration• Shared facilities• System-level science• Problem identification & consensus building• Pooled manpower and resources• Post-earthquake response• Interdisciplinary education & training• Partnerships and links
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE CENTER
I maintain that the evidence of successful collaboration is
overwhelming.
Thus, according to the premise that:
Center = Collaboration
we must declare that SCEC is, in fact, greater than the sum of its parts, and
a success!