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POWER AND POLITICSPOWER AND POLITICS

Presented By :Presented By :-- Nitin GuptaNitin Gupta

Pinkesh KumarPinkesh Kumar

Prafful BaniwalPrafful Baniwal

Prafull KatiyarPrafull Katiyar

Pranjal PrakashPranjal Prakash

You can get much farther with a kind word and a gun than

you can with a kind word alone.

-A. Capone

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IntroductionIntroduction

PowerPower

Get someone to do something you want doneGet someone to do something you want done

PoliticsPolitics Behaviour to influence, or attempt to influence theBehaviour to influence, or attempt to influence the

distribution of advantages and disadvantages withindistribution of advantages and disadvantages withinthe organization.the organization.

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POWER

Pow

erPow

eri

si

s thethe prob

abi

li

typrob

abi

li

ty thatthat oneone actoractorwi

thi

nwi

thi

n thethe relati

onshi

prelati

onshi

pwi

llwi

llb

eb

einin aa positionposition toto carrycarry outout hishis ownown willwill despitedespite resistanceresistance..

--Max WeberMax Weber

PowerPower refersrefers toto aa capacitycapacity thatthat AA hashas toto influenceinfluence thethe behaviorbehavior ofof BB

soso thatthat BB doesdoes somethingsomething hehe oror sheshe wontwont otherwiseotherwise dodo..--BarnardM. BassBarnardM. Bass

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Indicators

Compliance

Uncertainty

Dependency

Reputation

Trappings

Consequences

Distribution

Shifts

Power

Determinants

POWER DYNAMICS

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SourceofPowerSourceofPower

Structural SourcesStructural Sources

KnowledgeKnowledge

ResourcesResources

Decision makingDecision making

Interpersonal SourcesInterpersonal Sources

Number of peopleNumber of people

RewardsRewards CoerciveCoercive

LegitimateLegitimate

ExpertExpert ReferentReferent

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Power TacticsPower Tactics

Individual and IntraIndividual and Intra--group tacticsgroup tactics

AssertivenessAssertiveness

Friendl

iness or

ingrat

iationFr

iendl

iness or

ingrat

iation

RationalityRationality

SanctionsSanctions

Higher authorityHigher authority

BargainingBargaining

CoalitionCoalition

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Power TacticsPower Tactics(Continue)(Continue)

Inter group tacticsInter group tactics

Uncertainty absorptionUncertainty absorption

SubstitutabilitySubstitutability IntegrativeIntegrative

ImportanceImportance

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POLIT

ICSPOL

IT

ICSPoliticsPolitics refersrefers toto thethe structurestructure andand processprocess ofof thethe useuse ofof

authorityauthority andand po

werpo

wer toto affectaffect def

initiondef

inition ofof goals,goals,directionsdirections andand thethe otherother majormajor parametersparameters ofof thethe

organizationorganization.. DecisionsDecisions areare notnot mademade inin aa rationalrational ororformalformal wayway butbut ratherrather throughthrough compromise,compromise,accommodationaccommodation andand bargainingbargaining..

--M. L. TushmanM. L. Tushman

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OrganizationalOrganizational politicspolitics isis thethe processprocess wherebywhereby

individualsindividuals oror groupsgroups useuse whateverwhatever powerpower theythey cancan

amassamass toto influenceinfluence organizationalorganizational decisiondecision inin thethe

directiondirection ofof theirtheir ownown interestsinterests..

--R. MilesR. Miles

OrganizationalOrganizational politicspolitics referrefer toto intentionalintentional

behaviorsbehaviors thatthat areare designeddesigned toto enhanceenhance oror protectprotect aa

person'sperson's influenceinfluence andand selfself--interestinterest..--Amos Drory and TsiliaRommAmos Drory and TsiliaRomm

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Attacking / blaming

others

Selectively distribution

information

ManagingimpressionsTypes of organ

iz

ati

onalPolitics

Association

with l

ineexecutives

Controllinginformation

channels

Forming Coalitions

IncreasingIndispensability

Types of political activity

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EthicsofPower and PoliticsEthicsofPower and Politics

Must satisfy three criteriaMust satisfy three criteria

Criterion of utilitarian outcomesCriterion of utilitarian outcomes

Criterion ofindividual rightsCriterion ofindividual rights Criterion of distributive justiceCriterion of distributive justice

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CASE STUDYCASE STUDY

AmitabhAmitabh isis anan overambitiousoverambitious youngyoung manman.. ForFor himhim endsends justifyjustify meansmeans..HeHe joinedjoined ABCABC EnterprisesEnterprises inin 19901990 withwith diplomadiploma--electricalelectrical asas TechnicalTechnical

AssistantAssistant.. HeHe gotgot promotedpromoted asas EngineerEngineer--SalesSales inin 19941994 inin recognitionrecognition forfor BEBE--ElectricalElectrical hehe gotgot inin 19931993 throughthrough correspondencecorrespondence coursecourse fromfrom aa CentralizedCentralizedUniversityUniversity..

AmitabhAmitabh gotgot promotionspromotions inin quickquick successionsuccession asas hehe excelledexcelled himselfhimself inin newnewrolerole andand waswas ableable toto becomebecome SeniorSenior ManagerManager--MarketingMarketinginin 19981998..InIn betweenbetween hehe completedcompleted MBAMBA--MarketingMarketing (part(part time)time) andand PhPh..DD.. inin 19991999..

NowNowAmitabhAmitabh eyedeyed onon thingsthings beyondbeyond hishis jurisdictionjurisdiction.. HeHe startedstarted complainingcomplainingagainstagainst DeepakDeepak (Section(Section head)head) andand GauravGaurav (Unit(Unit Chief)Chief) withwith RakeshRakesh(Executive(Executi ve ViceVice president)president).. The The complaintscomplaints includedincluded-- delaydelay inin executingexecuting

orders,orders, poorpoor quality,quality, customercustomer reject

ionsrejections && soso onon.. MostMost ofof thethe compla

intscomplaintswerewere concoctedconcocted..

RakeshRakesh waswas convincedconvinced && requestedrequested AmitabhAmitabh toto headhead productionproduction sectionsection sosothatthat thingsthings couldcould bebe straitenedstraitened upup therethere.. AmitabhAmitabh becomebecome sectionsection headhead &&DeepakDeepakwaswas shiftedshifted toto salessales..

AmitabhAmitabh startedstarted prevailingprevailing onon RakeshRakesh gotgot salessales andand qualityquality inin hishis controlcontrol

alongalongwithwith productionproduction.. DeepakDeepakwaswas nownow subordinatedsubordinated toto AmitabhAmitabh..

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SuccessSuccess hadhad gonegone inin AmitabhsAmitabhs headhead asas hehe hadhad everythingeverything goinggoinginin hishisfavourfavour--position,position, moneymoney andand powerpower.. HeHe divideddivided workersworkers ,, ignoredignoredGauravGaurav andand establishedestablished directdirect linklink withwith RakeshRakesh.. UnableUnable toto bearbear thethe

humiliation,humiliation, GauravGaurav quittedquitted thethe companycompany andand AmitabhAmitabh waswas promotedpromotedtoto GeneralGeneral ManagerManager.. HeHe becamebecame megalomanicmegalomanic..ThingsThings hadhad toto endend atat somesome pointpoint.. ThereThere werewere complaintscomplaints againstagainst him,him,hehe hashas inductedinducted hishis brotherbrother--inin--lawlaw Ganesh,Ganesh, asas anan engineerengineer whowho waswascorruptcorrupt byby naturenature.. GaneshGanesh stolestole coppercopper worthworth RsRs.. 55 lakhlakh andand waswassuspendedsuspended.. AmitabhAmitabh triedtried toto defenddefend GaneshGanesh butbut failedfailed inin hishis efforteffort..CorruptionCorruption chargescharges inin tunetune ofof RsRs 2020 lakhslakhs werewere alsoalso leveledleveled againstagainsthimhim..

InIn 20032003,, AmitabhAmitabh waswas revertedreverted backback toto hishis oldold positionposition salessales.. DeepakDeepakwaswas promotedpromoted andand waswas askedasked toto headhead productionproduction.. RolesRoles gotgot reversedreversed..DeepakDeepakbecamebecame bossboss toto AmitabhAmitabh againagain.. UnableUnable toto swallowswallow thethe insult,insult,

AmitabhAmitabh putput inin hishis paperspapers..BackBack homehome AmitabhAmitabh startedstarted hishis ownown consultancyconsultancy claimingclaiming himselfhimself asasanan authorityauthority inin qualityquality managementmanagement.. HeHe poachedpoached onon hishis previouspreviouscompanycompany andand peakedpeaked upup twotwo bestbest brainsbrains inin qualityquality..FromFrom 19901990 toto 20032003,, AmitabhsAmitabhs careercareer graphgraph hadhad aa steepsteep riserise andand

suddensudden fallfall..

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Question 1: what political strategies did AmitabhQuestion 1: what political strategies did Amitabh

use to gain Power ?use to gain Power ?

Question 2: What would you do if you wereQuestion 2: What would you do if you were

(a) Deepak (b) Gaurav (c) Rakesh(a) Deepak (b) Gaurav (c) Rakesh

Question 3: Bring out the ethical issues involvedQuestion 3: Bring out the ethical issues involvedin Amitabhs Behavior.in Amitabhs Behavior.

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ConclusionConclusion

Power is the ability to influence people and events.Power is the ability to influence people and events.

Managers need to use power effectively.Managers need to use power effectively.

Closely related to power is politics. Politics relates toClosely related to power is politics. Politics relates tothe ways people gain and use power in organizations.the ways people gain and use power in organizations.

Political activities in an organization are inevitable andPolitical activities in an organization are inevitable andmanagers should manage them carefully.managers should manage them carefully.

Power and politics are present in all organizations.Power and politics are present in all organizations.

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Questions?Questions?

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU