Contents of section 12: Convenient road and railway track system.Chapter 1-Facts and figures on Transportation.1.1-F&F – Cars for transportation may decrease, better cars will sustain in the market. 1.2-F&F – Large scale transportation vehicles will get better place in the market. 1.3-F&F - Non polluting vehicle will remain on the road.1.4-F&F – Decreasing the number of the vehicle is the need of the life. 1.5-F&F –The key to prevent the environmental degradation is to control the population. 1.6-F&F – Retardation of natural resources and ill sustainable development are due to uprising population. 1.7-F&F - One of the biggest causes of air pollution in India is from the transport system.1.8-F&F - Noise pollution.1.9-F&F - The crude oil prices have been steadily increasing. 1.10-F&F - India is projected to have the largest number of cars in the world by 2050. 1.11-F&F - India's first expressway - The Mumbai-Pune Expressway. 1.12-F&F - Transport is an important part of the nation's economy. 1.13-F&F – Effects of outdated infrastructure, lack of investment, corruption and a burgeoning population on transportation. 1.14-F&F -Bullock cart as the mode of transport. 1.15-F&F - Cycle rickshaw. 1.16-F&F – Tram as the mode of transport. 1.17-F&F – Walking is an important mode of transport. 1.18-F&F - Bullock carts and horse carriages.1.19-F&F - Bicycles are the common mode of travel.1.20-F&F – Hand pulled rickshaw.1.21-F&F - Cycle rickshaw.1.22-F&F - Public transport system. 1.23-F&F – Buses as Public transport.1.24-F&F - Auto Rickshaws.1.25-F&F - Taxis in India.1.26-F&F – Rail ways. 1.27-F&F – Two wheelers. 1.28-F&F – Railway as the long distance transport.1.29-F&F - Indian Road Network. 1.30-F&F - Road length in India. 1.31-F&F - The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation - country's largest state transport. 1.32-F&F -Shipping Corporation of India.1.33-F&F - Inland Waterways Authority of India.1.34-F&F – Aviation in India.1.35-F&F - Pipelines for crude oil. 1.36-F&F - Total numbers of registered vehicles in India. 1.37-F&F –Road traffic injuries. 1.38-F&F - Fast pace of modernization - the requirement of a vehicle for transportation. 1.39-F&F - Environmental Factors and accidents.1.40-F&F - Type of vehicle (including pedestrians) and accident. 1.41-F&F - Agents/Factors Causing Traffic Injury. 1.42-F&F - Post-Injury Care and Disability Factors.1.43-F&F - Number of days of hospitalization. 1.44-F&F - Prevention and care of injury. 1.45-F&F - Taxes and bribes are common between state borders.1.46-F&F - Global warming in India.1.47-F&F - Respirable suspended particulate matter RSPM.

1.48-F&F - Delay in initiation of treatment due to bad roads can kill the people. 1.49-F&F – Money on roads. 1.50-F&F – Statistics on glaciers / global warming. 1.51-F&F - World records related to transportation and transportation related disaster. 1.52-F&F – Cars everywhere by 2050. 1.53-F&F – News on accidents are common. 1.54-F&F - Poor infrastructure - ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS – DRAIN ON HEALTH SECTOR.1.55-F&F – Poor infrastructure – walking requires ‘lot of concentration on walk’. 1.56-F&F - India's road accident record 1998.1.57-F&F –Road blocks due to falling trees are common. 1.58-F&F – Buses going out the road with partially blocked and ending in accident are also common.1.59-F&F –Bus stopping anywhere and rare vehicle hitting the front vehicle are also common. 1.60-F&F –Economy make us not to understand the causes for accidents.

Views to make this ‘World’ developed and this ‘Earth’ as the lovely place for every ‘Human’.

SECTION 12CONVINIENT

ROAD AND RAILWAY TRACK

SYSTEMLet us become closer and enjoy the journey of closeness

With CRS – CRTS system.

Chapter 1: Facts and figures on Transportation.

1.1. F&F – Cars for transportation may decrease, better cars will sustain in the market.

[Automobile industry in India:

The automobile industry in India is the seventh largest in the world with an annual production of over 2.6 million units in 2009. In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of automobiles, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand. By 2050, the country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation's roads.

Following economic liberalization in India in 1991, the Indian automotive industry has demonstrated sustained growth as a result of increased competitiveness and relaxed restrictions. Several Indian automobile manufacturers such as Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and Mahindra, expanded their domestic and international operations. India's robust economic growth led to the further expansion of its domestic automobile market which attracted significant India-specific investment by multinational automobile manufacturers. In February 2009, monthly sales of passenger cars in India exceeded 100,000 units. Embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Following the independence, in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an automotive component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. However, the growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s due to nationalisation and the license raj which hampered the Indian private sector. After 1970, the automotive industry started to grow, but the growth was mainly driven by tractors, commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still a major luxury. Japanese manufacturers entered the Indian market ultimately leading to the establishment of Maruti Udyog. A number of foreign firms initiated joint ventures with Indian companies.

In the 1980s, a number of Japanese manufacturers launched joint-ventures for building motorcycles and light commercial-vehicles. It was at this time that the Indian government chose Suzuki for its joint-venture to manufacture small cars. Following the economic liberalisation in 1991 and the gradual weakening of the license raj, a number of Indian and multi-national car companies launched operations. Since then, automotive component and automobile manufacturing growth has accelerated to meet domestic and export demands. Source [109] ]

The large population with the people moving for various works like going to offices / markets/ temple / school / business, and so on, which are not closer to their residence made to use the vehicle, which in turn made the automobile industry in India is the seventh largest in the world.

It is better, if the nation exports more vehicles which give economic strength to the nation and thus all the people in the nation get the benefit, directly or indirectly.

By looking at the present ‘overcrowding and traffic’ in the present road and expected rise in the number of vehicles on the road, it is necessary to do the CRS with twelve lanes and CRTS with two lanes. The CRS – CRTS system may cater the transportation in a better way with rise in the number of vehicles with better economy. But, only CRS – CRTS, without VPA – MV – MN, will lead to traffic

problem even with CRS – CRTS, as the economy grows and as the number of vehicles increases. So, it is very much necessary to control the transportation to decrease the unnecessary expenditure that we do in the name of transportation. It is necessary to keep the projected number of vehicles on the road by 2050, which is 611 millions in India.

VPA will convert, ‘200 people travelling in four buses with their agriculture product’ in to ‘two people (driver and the manager) driving one lorry’ to the destiny of the agriculture product. This will also indirectly decreases the burden in bus stand, hotels, pollution, waste generation, time in doing the work, loss in business, selling for low price, mediators asking for low price as the farmer cannot take back the product to their village and so on.

With better economy all the families may own the car, and the intelligent families may go for rented vehicles if they are not using the vehicle in a regular basis. VPA with MV will make the situation in such a way that, walking becomes the more comfortable, less time consuming and hassle free journey, than using the vehicle inside the MV with inter building bridges. So, no one may be using the vehicle inside the MV, except for the purpose of going out of the MV for some reason.

The degree holders working in the MV, will be going to the district centre for taking classes in their respective subjects, the elected members and the government officials may be going to the district centres for attending the meetings, the people from the district may be coming to the MV for giving training to the groups in the MV will be done as per the schedule, and all these groups will leave the MV / District centre at the specified time in the designated bus with lunch box, and will be returning to their native by evening, in the same designated bus. With this we can save the movement of inter linking vehicle like taxi / auto, and every one can carry out their work peace fully without the fear of missing the bus if they are few minutes late.

With better economy everyone will go for luxurious, fuel efficient, maintenance free, pollution free vehicles. So, those companies which are not competitive in these aspects may not survive in the market. People may be investing more money on their house rather than vehicles as they may be rarely getting the chance to use the vehicle, for them hiring the luxurious spacious car will work out better than owning a car. Thus the monthly sale of the car will come down with VPA – MV – MN.

Those car industries which have better international reputation may sustain due to more export.

1.2. F&F – Large scale transportation vehicles will get better place in the market.

[Automobile industry in India: Exports.

India has emerged as one of the world's largest manufacturers of small cars. According to New York Times, India's strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobile companies like Hyundai Motors, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen and Suzuki.

In 2008, Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011. Similarly, General Motors announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011. In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to setup a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000 cars for US$500

million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian market and for export. The company said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its global production business. Fiat Motors also announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth auto components from India.

According to Bloomberg L.P., in 2009 India surpassed China as Asia's fourth largest exporter of cars.

Source [109] ]

Even the sale of small cars may also come down as there is less chances for using the same.

The car manufacturing companies may survive better if they are in better export market.

With VPA – MV – MN, the large scale transportation vehicle will get better place in the market, as there is broad roads and the VPA transporting its products in large scale.

1.3. F&F - Non polluting vehicle will remain on the road.[AUTO: The Smog Will Get Worse...

Cheaper cars may be light on the wallet, but the damage they will cause to the environment will be very heavy.

As Tata Motors begins the countdown to launch its much-awaited Rs 1 lakh car, a different kind of rumble is getting louder. “The authorities are allowing polluting vehicles to enter Indian roads before stringent norms set in,” says Anumita Roychowdhary, associate director of the Centre for Science and Environment, a Delhi-based public interest NGO. “No one will be able to launch Rs 1 lakh cars if manufacturers are asked to stick to better quality norms.” These norms (read Euro IV) will not be enforced in the country before 2010. Meanwhile, here is an inkling of the damage ‘polluting’ vehicles are capable of inflicting. Source [110] ]

With better economy with VPA, all the people will prefer less polluting vehicles, and the cheaper and polluting vehicle will lose their place in the market.

1.4. F&F – Decreasing the number of the vehicle is the need of the life. [AUTO: The Smog Will Get Worse...

According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the number of cars in India will triple to eight million by 2015, spewing out 319 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. That is 88 per cent more than current levels.

While price-conscious consumers will welcome the arrival of cheaper cars, their cozy drive could actually put public health and safety at risk. “The situation is terrifying,” says Roychowdhary. “We are in for trouble even without cheaper cars coming into the market.”

Here’s what a large number of cheap cars hitting India’s roads could do. Studies by one of India’s largest vehicle manufacturers report that, in India, a car travels 12,000 km a year on average. The Euro-III norms dictate that a petrol car exhales 27 kg of carbon monoxide on the road every year. This means that if Tata Motors manages to sell all the 250,000 cars it says it will manufacture in the first year, these will generate around 6,600 additional tonnes of carbon monoxide that will be pumped into the atmosphere. Carbon monoxide, of course, causes visual impairment, breathing disorders, and even death in humans. Nearly 2.5 million Indians die every year due to air pollution, according to a 1998 study by The Energy Resources Institute. Source [110]]

With the above fact it is necessary to decrease the usage of vehicles with infrastructure modification, otherwise environment make us morbid and the day may come we may have to purchase and carry the oxygen cylinders to breath to save the life routinely. Varieties of car with oxygenated air conditioning and the oxygen filling stations may generate if the same situation continues. We cannot rule out the possibilities like people quarrelling for oxygen, stealing the oxygen cylinders, strong people grabbing the oxygen cylinders from the weaker people, oxygen cylinder scarcity leading to people dying on the roads and so on. If the people move to the village in search of oxygen, they may get somewhat better air to breath, but will not get food to eat, as most of the lands will be seen dry without any growth plants in it, due to no rain / no water in the canals / no underground water. It is a serious issue, and it is the national emergency, VPA – MV – MN will give the solution to save the mankind.

1.5. F&F –The key to prevent the environmental degradation is to control the population.

[Environmental issues in India:

The rapid growing population and economic development are leading to the environmental degradation in India because of the uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion and massive intensification of agriculture, and the destruction of forests.

Major environmental issues are Forest and Agricultural land degradation, Resource depletion (water, mineral, forest, sand, rocks etc.,), Environmental degradation, Public Health, Loss of Biodiversity, Loss of resilience in ecosystems, Livelihood Security for the Poor. It is estimated that the country’s population will increase to about 1.26 billion by the year 2016. The projected population indicates that India will be the first most populous country in the world and China will be ranking second in the year 2050. India having 18% of the world's population on 2.4% of world's total area has greatly increased the pressure on its natural resources. Water shortages, soil exhaustion and erosion, deforestation, air and water pollution afflicts many areas. India's water supply and sanitation issues are related to many environmental issues. Source [111]]

Environmental degradation can be prevented by population control and the population control measure can be well administered with VPA – NES – NHS – MV – MN with sustainable and good economic growth. Problems related to urbanisation can be well managed as VPA brings reverse migration. With better economy and creation of need based industries, it is possible to have the industries where all the measures to prevent the pollution can be taken.

In the field of agriculture, we can grow the necessary cereals and legumes in the lesser area than whatever we are growing at present, that is with RCS and inculcating the science in agriculture will make more productivity per unit area of land. The VPA, working team will concentrate more on useful tree plantation, which will be helpful in long run to the environment.

The land degradation can be well controlled with tree plantation in the border areas, grass growing at appropriate areas and creation of bun dings at needed areas, and these things will be done by the VPA and the guidance will be given by the expert from the government side. With this we can prevent the resource depletion like water, mineral, forest, sand, rock ect. Thus the VPA will involve in maintaining the environmental degradation, public health, maintaining the biodiversity and ecosystem, and it will also provide the secure life for the all the people of this nation.

Better control over the population will decrease the pressure on the natural resources and prevents water shortage, soil exhaustion and erosion, deforestation, air and water pollution.

Water supply system becomes better with RCS – MV, sanitation becomes better with MV.

1.6. F&F – Retardation of natural resources and ill sustainable development are due to uprising population.

[Environmental issues in India: Major issues.

The uprising population and the environmental deterioration face the challenge of sustainable development. The existence or the absence of favourable natural resources can facilitate or retard the process of socio-economic development. The three basic demographic factors of births (natality),deaths (mortality) and human migration (migration) and immigration (population moving into a country produces higher population) produce changes in population size, composition, distribution and these changes raise a number of important questions of cause and effect.

Population growth and economic development are contributing to many serious environmental calamities in India. These include heavy pressure on land, land degradation, forests, habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity. Changing consumption pattern has led to rising demand for energy. The final outcomes of this are air pollution, global warming, climate change, water scarcity and water pollution.

Environmental issues in India include various natural hazards, particularly cyclones and annual monsoon floods, population growth, increasing individual consumption, industrialization, infrastructural development, poor agricultural practices, and resource mal distribution have led to substantial human transformation of India’s natural environment. An estimated 60% of cultivated land suffers from soil erosion, water logging, and salinity. It is also estimated that between 4.7 and 12 billion tons of topsoil are lost annually from soil erosion. From 1947 to 2002, average annual per

capita water availability declined by almost 70% to 1,822 cubic meters, and overexploitation of groundwater is problematic in the states of Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. Forest area covers 18.34% of India’s geographic area (637000 km²). Nearly half of the country’s forest cover is found in the state of Madhya Pradesh (20.7%) and the seven states of the northeast (25.7%); the latter is experiencing net forest loss. Forest cover is declining because of harvesting for fuel wood and the expansion of agricultural land. These trends, combined with increasing industrial and motor vehicle pollution output, have led to atmospheric temperature increases, shifting precipitation patterns, and declining intervals of drought recurrence in many areas.

The Indian Agricultural Research Institute of Parvati has estimated that a 3 °C rise in temperature will result in a 15 to 20% loss in annual wheat yields. These are substantial problems for a nation with such a large population depending on the productivity of primary resources and whose economic growth relies heavily on industrial growth. Civil conflicts involving natural resources—most notably forests and arable land—have occurred in eastern and north eastern states.

After all these major challenges the Indian government is not implementing the strict laws against increasing population and protecting the environment. Source [111]]

Population can be well controlled with VPA to have sustainable socioeconomic development.

VPA can very well control the natality, mortality, and migration, thus it can maintain the desired composition of population with the help of NES, to give better services to its population from all the angles.

With better population control, preventing heavy pressure on the land, preventing land degradation, preventing forest and habitat destruction, and preventing the loss of biodiversity, we can prevent many environmental calamities like air pollution, global warming, climate change, water scarcity, water pollution, and so on. This can also prevent the environmental issues and natural hazards like cyclones, annual monsoon floods, and frequent recurrence of drought.

Top soil conservation can be effectively done through VPA.

The declining ‘average annual per capita water availability’ and the ‘ground water level’ can be brought back to the normal/natural/ adequate levels with RCS.

VPA can actively involve in the process of increasing the forest cover, unlike the present system, where the voluntary agencies with school children with the forest department involve in the process of implanting the plants only in the sides of the road or in the space available around the office and the school for one day, take the photo and publish in the media and then forget about it till next ‘forest day’ come. But VPA will cover all the possible area to convert the land in to forest area or thin forest in to thick with useful trees to save the environment and the humanity.

Increase in the forest area, with less usage of vehicles, with better industries with less pollution will prevent global warming and prevents the drought like situation. Better environmental temperature will have positive effects on the growth of the plants and thus the yield will rise.

Family tree based PIN system will decrease the disputes related to lands.

Law alone will not give answers to all the problems of the nation. The individual and the family needs to be understood, their profession and income generated with their profession, the natures help for the sustainability of the profession, all need to be understood and has to be solved with this

increased population, otherwise the law will be misused by the people who know the law in a better and it becomes the income only for those who practise the law and the rest will be gradually will become poor.

1.7. F&F - One of the biggest causes of air pollution in India is from the transport system.

[Environmental issues in India: Air pollution.

Indian cities are polluted by vehicles and industry emissions. Road dust due to vehicles, also contributing up to 33% of air pollution. In cities like Bangalore, around 50% of children suffer from asthma. India has emission standard of Bharat Stage II (Euro II) for vehicles since 2005.

One of the biggest causes of air pollution in India is from the transport system. Hundreds of millions of old diesel engines continuously burning away diesel which has anything between 150 to 190 times the amounts of sulphur out European diesel has. Of course the biggest problems are in the big cities where there are huge concentrations of these vehicles. On the positive side, the government appears to have noticed this massive problem and the associated health risks for its people and is slowly but surely taking steps. The first of which was in 2001 when it ruled that its entire public transport system, excluding the trains, be converted from diesel to compressed gas (CPG). Electric rickshaws are being designed and will be subsidised by the government but the supposed ban on the cycle rickshaws in Delhi will require a huge increase on the reliance of other methods of transport, mainly those with engines. Source [111]]

Road dust will decrease to drastic level with VPA – CRS – CRTS – MV – MN. VPA – MV will effectively control the air pollution in the urban area also. The people moving from the rural area to the urban area for their routine works like selling their agriculture products, for office works, for shopping , for education, and so on will decrease, this in turn decrease the burden on city buses, auto rickshaws, taxis and so on. With pollution free environment, it is possible to have good health and we can prevent diseases like Asthma.

With better economy in Rural area, in turn leads to the economic growth in the urban area. The shopping complexes in the rural area may be buying the materials from the factories / urban areas in bulk and it will be transported in the bigger vehicles. Thus the urban economy improves with the better purchasing power of the people of the rural area, even though they are not directly buying the materials from the urban shops. In this way with the better economy of the people of both the urban and rural area, the people will go for luxurious, pollution free vehicles even if it is taxi, instead of less comfortable, more polluting auto rickshaws. So, all the drivers who owns the auto rickshaws may own good cars when once the VPA – MV – MN establishes. Thus all the engines that emit lots of emission will vanish.

With the decreased movement of people from rural to urban area for their routine work, the concentration of the vehicles in the urban area will also decreases.

Modification of public transport system in the urban areas is not going to decrease the movement of the people from the rural to urban area for their day to day work. It is the VPA – MV – MN, which is going to give solution for all the problems related to transport and brings down the pollution.

1.8. F&F - Noise pollution.

[Environmental issues in India: Noise pollution.

The Supreme Court of India gave a significant verdict on noise pollution in 2005. Unnecessary honking of vehicles makes for a high decibel level of noise in cities. The use of loudspeakers for political purposes and by temples and mosques make for noise pollution in residential areas.

Recently Government of India has set up norms of permissible noise levels in urban and rural areas. How they will be monitored and implemented is still not sure. Source [111]]

Noise pollution can be effectively controlled with VPA. CRS will make the vehicles to use less horn as there will be decrease in the traffic.

1.9. F&F - The crude oil prices have been steadily increasing. [PRICES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

The Minister of State for Petroleum & Natural Gas Shri Jitin Prasada informed.

the Rajya Sabha that the prices of crude oil in the international market fluctuate on daily basis. The crude oil prices have been steadily increasing since December 2008, largely due to the global economic recovery and increase in demand for oil from the emerging economies. The average price of the Indian Basket of crude oil which was 50.14 dollar per barrel in the month of April 2009 increased to 78.02 dollar per barrel in the month of March 2010. The average price of Indian Basket of crude oil during the year 2009-10 was 69.76 dollar per barrel. The average price of the Indian Basket of crude oil in the month of April 2010 (up to 12th April 2010) is 83.37 dollar per barrel. Source [112] ]

India is a nation which is not having large reserve of oil, so need to depend on other nation for import. VPA – MV – MN will decrease the demand for crude oil to the maximum extent.

It is necessary to take all the measures to decrease the use of petroleum products and thus decrease the dependency on the same. VPA – MV – MN, will make the usage petroleum products to go down, with various modification in the nation, like, the people inside the MV will not be using any vehicles which runs on the petroleum products, CRS – CRTS system will cut short the length as well as, the inclination and declinations in the paths, thus there will be less usage of the petroleum products and it will also add better mileage for the vehicle, the total number of vehicles moving from the rural to urban and vice versa will decrease as all the needed activity for the people will be done in the MV itself, and so on.

1.10. F&F - India is projected to have the largest number of cars in the world by 2050.

[India to top in car volumes by 2050.

India is projected to have the largest number of cars in the world -- 611 million to be precise -- by 2050. According to the third Bric (Brazil, Russia, India, China) report from investment banking firm Goldman Sachs, this means every sixth car produced in the world will be sold in India.

The third Bric report says passenger car density in India will continue to be a third of China's until 2025. India will overtake its neighbour somewhere in the vicinity of 2050, when the country will have 382 cars per thousand people compared with China's 363 in that year.

The report also projected that there will be 14.35 million cars in India by 2010, in line with the industry's projection of adding a million cars a year from next year. It presumes a base of 9.03 million cars in 2005. Source [113] ]

People buy the car to maintain their day to day activity in a comfortable way. But on the other hand, it is also necessary to consider the money that we lose in the process of importing the car, its spare parts, the fuel that we import, the emission, the effect of emission on the health, work and economy of the people. The more commonly affected people by the environmental issues caused by the emission are the common people, rather than people who travel in the vehicle and these common people depend on the government health services for treatment for the illness caused by the inhalation of polluted air, thus the government need to spend on such issues. So, it is necessary to make the people to reach their place of work comfortably, that is possible only by the planned construction of the entire village and that is possible by the MV with inter building bridges.

1.11. F&F - India's first expressway - The Mumbai-Pune Expressway.

[Transport in India

The Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India's first expressway. Source [114] ]

With CRS – CRTS, satellite based survey it is possible to identify, short, wide, safe paths for creating road and railway tracks.

1.12. F&F - Transport is an important part of the nation's economy.

[Transport in India:

Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy. Since the economic liberalisation of the 1990s, development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. However, the relatively low GDP of India has meant that access to these modes of transport has not been uniform. Motor vehicle penetration is low with only 13 million cars on the nation's roads. In addition, only around 10% of Indian households own a motorcycle. At the same time, the Automobile industry in India is rapidly growing with an annual production of over 2.6 million vehicles and vehicle volume is expected to rise greatly in the future. In the interim however, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population, and India's public transport systems are among the most heavily utilised in the world. India's rail network is the longest and fourth most heavily used system in the world transporting over 6 9billion passengers and over 350 million tons of freight annually. Source [114]]

With VPA – MV – MN, usage of small cars will come down, large vehicle like bus and Lorries will be used in large scale for transportation of people and the materials.

1.13. F&F – Effects of outdated infrastructure, lack of investment, corruption and a burgeoning population on transportation.

[Transport in India:

Despite ongoing improvements in the sector, several aspects of the transport sector are still riddled with problems due to outdated infrastructure, lack of investment, corruption and a burgeoning population. The demand for transport infrastructure and services has been rising by around 10% a year, with the current infrastructure being unable to meet these demands. According to recent estimates by Goldman Sachs, India will need to spend $1.7 Trillion USD on infrastructure projects over the next decade to boost economic growth of which $500 Billion USD is budgeted to be spent during the eleventh Five-year plan. Source [114]]

Investing only the huge money on infrastructure will make few people rich and shift of the government money to the other nations including the banks like Swiss bank. It is necessary to make drastic changes while creating the infrastructure like involving the people in the process of construction to cut short the expenses incurring the labour charges. Documenting the properties accurately with PIN and family tree and distributing the income based on the property documentation, with this we can avoid the money need to be spend on land acquisition and rehabilitation. With present system of calling tender and giving contract will not work out in completing the work of creating the RCS – CRS – CRTS – MV – MN, the people involved in it will, shift the money away from this nation in the name constructing these structures, if the same procedure of giving contract is followed.

1.14. F&F -Bullock cart as the mode of transport.

[Transport in India:

A bullock cart being used to transport sugarcane in rural Maharashtra. Source [114]]

More number of bullock carks will come up for usage with VPA, as it is more nature friendly, and natures recycling process is good with bullock cark. VPA will be generating more husks with better growth of crops like paddy, wheat, ragi, and so on, thus it will be producing more husk and that can be used to feed the cows and bullocks. There will be more generation of coconut and other oil seed cakes, after the extraction of the oil; this can also be used to feed the cows and bullocks.

In MV, the cow keeping area building will be constructed at the border of the MV proper, so that the large number of cows and bullocks will not come in the way of traffic, in the middle of the village.

1.15. F&F - Cycle rickshaw.

[Transport in India

A cycle rickshaw on the streets of Delhi; Source [114]]

The cycle rickshaw will completely vanish, as the people will opt for more luxurious way of transport, and the present people who peddle cycle rickshaw will get better income by working at the VPA, so these people either move to their native villages to work with VPA or will won more luxurious cars to transport the people.

1.16. F&F – Tram as the mode of transport.

[Transport in India

Tram in Kolkata. Source [114]]

Tram transportation may come up with VPA, it will become one of the part in CRS – CRTS. They may work better to transport the people / people on official work to the neighbouring VPA / district head quarter.

1.17. F&F – Walking is an important mode of transport.

[Transport in India; Walking.

In ancient times, people often covered long distances on foot. For instance, Adi Sankaracharya travelled all over India. Walking still constitutes an important mode of transport in urban areas. In the city of Mumbai, to further improve the transit conditions for pedestrians, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, has commenced the construction of more than 50 skywalks, as part of the Mumbai Skywalk project. Source [114]]

The people will be more comfortable to use the walking path and inter building bridges to reach the place they want within the MV, and thus the usage of vehicles within the will come near zero, and the walking becomes the main mode of transport for all within the MV.

1.18. F&F - Bullock carts and horse carriages. [Transport in India: Bullock carts and horse carriages: Bullock carts have been traditionally used for transport, especially in rural India. The advent of the British saw drastic improvements in the horse carriages which were used for transport since early days. Today, they are used in smaller towns and are referred as Tonga or buggies. Victoria’s of Mumbai are still used for tourist purposes, but horse carriages are now rarely found in the metro cities of India. In recent years some cities have banned the movement of bullock carts and other slow moving vehicles on the main roads. Source [114]]

Bullock carts can be used as the mode of transport within the VPA limits, outside the MV proper, to transport the agriculture product from the land to the processing station. From the processing station to other places like to the gowdons or to the factory or to the market, the agriculture products will be transported in the Lorries. The horses can be used to roam inside the VPA limit by the people who monitor the entry of animals from the forest and destructing the crop, round the clock. But the movements of the animals will be avoided inside the MV proper and on the CRS – CRTS system.

1.19. F&F - Bicycles are the common mode of travel.

[Transport in India: Bicycles: Bicycles are a common mode of travel in much of India. More people can now afford to own a cycle than ever before. In 2005, more than 40% of Indian households owned a bicycle, with ownership rates ranging from around 30% to 70% at the state level. Along with walking, cycling accounts for 50 to 75 % of the commuter trips for those in the informal sector in urban areas.

Even though India is the second largest producer of bicycles in the world, a significant prejudice against bicycle riding for transport exists in some segments of the population, generally stemming from the status symbol aspect of the motor vehicle. In India, the word "bike" generally refers to motorcycle, and "cycle" refers to bicycle.

Pune was the first city in India to have dedicated lanes for cycles. It was built for the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. However, recent developments in Delhi suggest that bicycle riding is fast becoming popular in the metro cities of India. The Delhi government has decided to construct separate bicycle lanes on all major roads to combat pollution and ease traffic congestion. Source [114]]

Bicycles will continue to run on the road, but the people may be using the bicycle for the purposes like exercise / recreation / to have a change / sports / so on.

1.20. F&F – Hand pulled rickshaw.

[Transport in India: Hand-pulled rickshaw.

This type of transport is still available in Kolkata wherein a person pulls the rickshaw by hand. The Government of West Bengal proposed a ban on these rickshaws in 2005 describing them as "inhuman". Though a bill aiming to address this issue, termed as 'Calcutta Hackney Carriage Bill', was passed by the West Bengal Assembly in 2006, it has not been implemented yet. The Government of West Bengal is working on an amendment of this bill to avoid the loopholes that got exposed when the Hand-pulled Rickshaw Owner's Association filed a petition against the bill. Source [114]]

No ‘Bill’ will work till the people involved in this job get better income in some other profession to lead their day to day life. VPA will give solution for this type of issues.

The Hand-pulled rickshaw will completely vanish, as the people will opt for more luxurious way of transport, and the present people who pull this cycle rickshaw will get better income by working at the VPA, so these people either move to their native villages to work with VPA or will won more luxurious cars to transport the people.

1.21. F&F - Cycle rickshaw.

[Transport in India: Cycle rickshaw.

Cycle rickshaws were introduced into India in the 1940s. They are bigger than a tricycle where two people sit on an elevated seat at the back and a person pedals from the front. In the late 2000s, they were banned in several cities for causing traffic congestion. Cycle rickshaws have been a feature of Delhi streets since Indian independence in 1947, providing the cheapest way around the capital. The Delhi Police recently submitted an affidavit against plying of cycle rickshaws to ease traffic congestion in the city but it was dismissed by the Delhi High court. In addition, environmentalists have supported the retention of cycle rickshaws as a non-polluting and inexpensive mode of transport. Source [114]]

Whatever may be the issue, it is also important expect, whether these cycle rickshaw people will continue their profession even after the establishment of VPA, needs to be seen. Because the VPA will provide a permanent job, limited hour of work, income is guaranteed and good, gives the house of their own on cooperative basis, it is near the good school and hospital, lots of sports and recreation facilities will be available, so the people who are struggling for their day to day life will get a better, comfortable and secure life, so these people continuing their profession is doubtful.

1.22. F&F - Public transport system.

[Transport in India: Local transport.

Mumbai bus servicesPublic transport is the predominant mode of motorised local travel in cities. This is predominantly by road, since commuter rail services are available only in the four metropolitan cities of Mumbai,

Delhi, Chennai, and Kolkata, while dedicated city bus services are known to operate in at least 17 cities with a population of over one million. Intermediate public transport modes like tempos and cycle rickshaws assume importance in medium size cities. However, the share of buses is negligible in most Indian cities as compared to personalized vehicles, and two-wheelers and cars account for more than 80 percent of the vehicle population in most large cities. Traffic in Indian cities generally moves slowly, where traffic jams and accidents are very common. India has very poor records on road safely—around 90,000 people die from road accidents every year. A Reader's Digest study of traffic congestion in Asian cities ranked several Indian cities within the Top Ten for worst traffic. Source [114]]

Public transport will remain as the main mode of transport with VPA – MV – MN. With CRS – CRTS, most of the accidents will be prevented. Even the public transport system will have a record based on the PIN, to not the people travelled in the bus with the place from where they entered the bus and where they got down, which is very important for the nation’s internal security.

1.23. F&F – Buses as Public transport.

[Transport in India: Public transport – Buses.

Buses on the Delhi BRTSBuses take up over 90% of public transport in Indian cities, and serve as a cheap and convenient mode of transport for all classes of society. Services are mostly run by state government owned transport corporations. However, after the economic liberalisation, many state transport corporations have introduced various facilities like low-floor buses for the disabled and air-conditioned buses to attract private car owners to help decongest roads. Bengaluru was the first city in India to introduce 7Volvo B7RLE intra-city buses in India in January 2006.

New initiatives like Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems and air conditioned buses have been taken by the various state governments to improve the bus public transport systems in cities. Bus Rapid Transit systems already exist in Pune, Delhi and Ahmedabad with new ones coming up in 1Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad. High Capacity buses can be found in cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru, Nagpur and Chennai. Bengaluru is the first Indian city to have an air-conditioned bus stop, located near Cubbon Park. It was built by Airtel. The city of Chennai houses Asia's largest bus terminus, the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus. In 2009, the Government of Karnataka and the

Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation flagged off a pro-poor bus service called the Atal Sarige. The service aims to provide low-cost connectivity to the economically backward sections of the society to the nearest major bus station. Source [114]]

With VPA – MV – MN, the economy improves and this in turn makes the people to spend more money on their transport and thus they may go for better travel services.

1.24. F&F - Auto Rickshaws.

[Transport in India: Auto rickshaw.

An autorickshaw in Calangute, Goa.An auto rickshaw is a three wheeler vehicle for hire that has no doors and is generally characterised by a small cabin for the driver in the front and a seat for passengers in the rear. Generally it is painted in yellow, green or black colour and has a black, yellow or green canopy on the top, but designs vary considerably from place to place.In Mumbai and other metropolitan cities, 'autos' or 'ricks' as they are popularly known have regulated metered fares. A recent law prohibits auto rickshaw drivers from charging more than the specified fare, or charging night-fare before midnight, and also prohibits the driver from refusing to go to a particular location. Mumbai is also the only city which prohibits these vehicles from entering a certain part of the city, in this case being South Mumbai. In Chennai, it is common to see auto rickshaw drivers demand more than the specified fare and refuse to use fare meter.

Airports and railway stations at many cities such as Bengaluru, and Hubballi-Dharwad provide a facility of prepaid auto booths, where the passenger pays a fixed fare as set by the authorities for various locations. Source [114]]

The auto service may be replaced by the taxi service, with improvement in the economy.

1.25. F&F - Taxis in India.

[Transport in India: Taxis in India.

Radio Taxi in BengaluruMost of the traditional taxicabs in India are either Premier Padmini or Hindustan Ambassador cars. In recent years, cars such as Chevrolet Tavera, Maruti Esteem, Maruti Omni, Mahindra Logan, Tata Indica, Toyota Innova and Tata Indigo have become fairly popular among taxi operators. The livery of the taxis in India varies from state-to-state. In Delhi and Maharashtra, most taxicabs have yellow-black livery while in West Bengal, taxis have yellow livery. Private taxi operators are not required to have a specific livery. However, they are required by law to be registered as commercial vehicles.Depending on the city/state, taxis can either be hailed or hired from taxi-stands. In cities such as Bengaluru, Hyderabad,taxis need to be hired over phone, whereas in cities like Kolkata and Mumbai, taxis can be hailed on the street. According to government of India regulations, all taxis are required to have a fare-meter installed. There are additional surcharges for luggage, late-night rides and toll taxes are to be paid by the passenger. Since 2006, radio taxis have become increasingly popular with the public due to reasons of safety and convenience. In cities and localities where taxis are expensive or do not ply as per the government or municipal regulated fares, people use share taxis. These are normal taxis which carry one or more passengers travelling to destinations either en route to the final destination, or near the final destination. The passengers are charged according to the number of people with different destinations. A similar system exists for auto rickshaws, known as share autos.

The city of Mumbai will soon be the first city in India, to have an "in-taxi" magazine, titled MumBaee, which will be issued to taxis which are part of the Mumbai Taxi men’s Union. The magazine is set to debut on the 13 July 2009. Source [114]]

With better economy good and luxurious taxis will remain on road. With VPA – MV – MN, the number of taxis will not go up, but the cost in travelling in the taxi may go up.

1.26. F&F – Rail ways.

[Transport in India: Rail.

The Delhi Metro, operational since 2002, has inspired the construction of more metros in India. It is one of the few metros in the world to run at a profit.The present suburban railway services in India are extremely limited and are operational only in Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi. The Mumbai Suburban Railway which began services in Mumbai in 1867, transports 6.3 million passengers daily and has the highest passenger density in the world. The first rapid transit system in India, the Kolkata Suburban Railway, was established in Kolkata in 1854. Its first service ran between Howrah and Hooghly covering a distance of 38.6 km (24 mi). The Delhi Metro followed in 2002 and has carried over a billion commuters in seven years since its inauguration. Apart from these, Kolkata has a circular rail line and Chennai has an elevated rail transit called MRTS. Kolkata was the first city in India to possess a subterranean rapid transport system, the Kolkata Metro, whose operations commenced in 1984. Rapid transit systems are also under construction in Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Ahmadabad and Mumbai.

Rapid transit systems have been proposed in Thane, Pune, Kanpur, Lucknow, Amritsar and Kochi. Mumbai will soon be one of the two cities in India to have a monorail network, which is presently under construction. There are also monorail systems being planned in Kolkata and in Delhi. The Konkan Railway Corporation had patented a suspended monorail system called the Skybus Metro in Margao, but this is yet to be implemented anywhere on a commercial scale following an accident in 2004. A two-track elevated corridor has been proposed above the existing Western Railway line between the stations of Churchgate and Virar in Mumbai for air-conditioned EMUs. Source [114]]

The CRS – CRTS system will make the routine railway to work in less distance covering more places. Since less people will be moving from place to place with infrastructure, place of living, family jobs place of living modifications, the need for construction of sky bus, monorail will decrease.

1.27. F&F – Two wheelers.

[Transport in India: Two-wheelers.

About 3.1% of Indian households own a motorcycle; annual sales of motorcycles are expected to reach 10 million by 2010. Motorised two-wheelers like scooters, small capacity motorcycles and mopeds are very popular as a mode of transport due to their fuel efficiency and ease of use in congested traffic. The number of two-wheelers sold is several times that of cars. There were 4.75 crore (47.5 million) powered two wheelers in India in 2003 compared with just 86 lakh (8.6 million) cars. Hero Honda, Honda, TVS Motors and Bajaj Auto are the largest two-wheeler companies in terms of market-share. Royal Enfield, an iconic brand name in the country, manufactures different variants of the Bullet motorcycle which is regarded as a classic motorcycle that is still in production.

Motorcycles and scooters can be rented in many cities. Wearing protective headgear is mandatory for both the rider and the pillion-rider in most cities. Source [114]]

The usage of motor cycle will reach near zero in MV, as the people will not get any chance to use it. The motor cycles may persist in the present urban area, and they may be used for the purposes, that are used as of today.

1.28. F&F – Railway as the long distance transport.

[Transport in India: Long distance transport – Railway - Rail transport in India and Indian Railways.

The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is a World Heritage Site, and one of the few steam engines in operation in India.

Budgam railway station on the Kashmir Railway, the second highest in the world.

Trucks on the Konkan Railway Rolling HighwayRail services in India, first introduced in 1853, are provided by the state-run Indian Railways, under the supervision of the Ministry of Railways. Indian Railways provides an important mode of transport in India, transporting over 18 million passengers and more than 2 million tonnes of freight

daily across one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world. By 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. Indian Railways is divided into sixteen zones, which are further sub-divided into sixty seven divisions, each having a divisional headquarters. The rail network traverses through the length and breadth of the country, covering 6,909 stations over a total route length of around 63,465 km (39,435 mi). It is the world's largest commercial or utility employer, with more than 1.4 million employees. As to rolling stock, IR owns over 200,000 (freight) wagons, 50,000 coaches and 8,000 locomotives. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities. It operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, metre and narrow gauges, and is in the process of converting all the metre gauge (14,406 km (8,951 mi)) into broad gauge in a project called Project Unigauge.Kashmir Railway is the second highest in the world and the first phase was completed in 2009. Proposals have been made to introduce high-speed rail in India. A proposal has been made to build a Maglev track within the city of Mumbai, connecting it to the National Capital of New Delhi, as well as other parts of Maharashtra in the form of the Mumbai Maglev. Another proposal has been made to introduce a High-speed rail in India similar to that of the Shinkansen of Japan.

In 1999, the Konkan Railway Corporation introduced the Roll On Roll Off (RORO) service, a unique road-rail synergy system, on the section between Kolad in Maharashtra and Verna in Goa, which was extended up to Surathkal in Karnataka in 2004. The RORO service, the first of its kind in India, allowed trucks to be transported on flatbed trailers. It was highly popular, carrying about 1,10,000 trucks and bringing in about Rs.74 crore worth of earnings to the corporation till 2007. Source [114]]

With CRS – CRTS system the total length of the railway track can be brought down. The number of railway stations decreases with VPA – MV – MN. With better economy people may prefer to travel in better trains with good facilities.

1.29. F&F - Indian Road Network.

[Transport in India: Road: Indian Road Network.

The Network of National Highways in IndiaIndia has a network of National Highways connecting all the major cities and state capitals, forming the economic backbone of the country. As of 2005, India has a total of 66,590 km (41,377 mi) of National Highways, of which 200 km (124 mi) are classified as expressways. Under National Highways Development Project (NHDP), work is under progress to equip some of the important national highways with four lanes; also there is a plan to convert some stretches of these roads to six lanes. However congestion and bureaucratic delays enroute ensure that trucking goods from Gurgaon to the port in Mumbai can take up to 10 days. As per the National Highways Authority of India, about 65% of freight and 80% passenger traffic is carried by the roads. The National Highways carry about 40% of total road traffic, though only about 2% of the road network is covered by these roads. Average growth of the number of vehicles has been around 10.16% per annum over recent years. Highways have facilitated development along the route and many towns have sprung up along major highways.

All national highways are metalled, but very few are constructed of concrete, the most notable being the Mumbai-Pune Expressway. In recent years construction has commenced on a nationwide system of multi-lane highways, including the Golden Quadrilateral and North-South and East-West Corridors which link the largest cities in India. In 2000, around 40% of villages in India lacked access to all-weather roads and remained isolated during the monsoon season. To improve rural connectivity, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Prime Minister's Rural Road Program), a project funded by the Central Government with the help of World Bank, was launched in 2000 to build all-weather roads to connect all habitations with a population of 500 or above (250 or above for hilly areas). Source [114]]

CRS – CRTS will bring down the distance of the road existing, and make the road broad. With VPA – MV, the people will be staying together and each VPA will be accommodating fifty thousand to one

lakh population. It is necessary decease the length of the road, and quality roads will not be possibility and it will not workout economically if we are planning to connect the smaller villages with road, and it will consume lot of land in the name of road. CRS system will have twelve lanes and CRTS will have two lanes as routine.

1.30. F&F - Road length in India.

[Transport in India

As per 1999 estimates, the total road length in India is 3,319,644 km (2,062,731 mi); out of which paved roads cover 1,517,077 km (942,668 mi) and unpaved roads cover 1,802,567 km (1,120,063 mi). The Indian road network of 3,300,000 km (2,050,000 mi) is second largest in the world and consists of: Roads:

Type of Road Length

Expressways 200 km (120 mi)

National Highways 66,590 km (41,380 mi)

State Highways 131,899 km (81,958 mi)

Major District Roads 467,763 km (290,654 mi)

Rural and Other Roads

2,650,000 km (1,650,000 mi)

Total Length 3,300,000 km (2,050,000 mi) (Approx)

A section of the Golden Quadrilateral between Bangalore and Chennai; Source [114]]

With CRS system the length of the major district roads and the rural roads will decrease, may be by 30 to 40%.

1.31. F&F - The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation - country's largest state transport.

[Transport in India

The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation operates the country's largest state transport fleet of 7low-floor, air-conditioned buses, built by Volvo.

Buses are an important means of public transport in India, particularly in the countryside and remote areas where the rail network cannot be accessed and airline operations are few or non-existent. Due to this social significance, public bus transport is predominantly owned and operated by public agencies, and most state governments operate bus services through a State Road Transport Corporation. These corporations, introduced in the 1960s and 1970s, have proven extremely useful in connecting villages and towns across the country. Source [114]]

With better economy most of the transport will be taken over by the low-floor, air-conditioned buses on road. CRS system will make the journey short, safe and convenient.

1.32. F&F -Shipping Corporation of India.

[Transport in India: Water and sea transport.

Shipping Corporation of India.

Maritime transportation in India is managed by the Shipping Corporation of India, a government-owned company that also manages offshore and other marine transport infrastructure in the country. It owns and operates about 35% of Indian tonnage and operates in practically all areas of shipping business servicing both national and international trades. It has a fleet of 79 ships of 27 lakh GT (48 lakh DWT) and also manages 53 research, survey and support vessels of 1.2 Lakh GT (0.6 Lakh DWT) on behalf of various government departments and other organisations. Personnel are trained at the Maritime Training Institute in Mumbai, a branch of the World Maritime University, which was set up in 1987. The Corporation also operates in Malta and Iran through joint ventures. Source [114]]

With better economy it is possible to have better marine transport infrastructure and more people can make use of it.

1.33. F&F - Inland Waterways Authority of India.

[Transport in India: Waterways - Inland Waterways Authority of India.

Boats sailing on National Waterway 2 at Guwahati, Assam. India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The total navigable length is 14,500 kilometres (9,000 mi), out of which about 5,200 km (3,231 mi) of river and 485 km (301 mi) of canals can be used by mechanised crafts. Freight transport by waterways is highly underutilised in India compared to other large countries. The total cargo moved by inland waterways is just 0.15% of the total inland traffic in India, compared to the corresponding figures of 20% for Germany and 32% for Bangladesh. Cargo transport in an organised manner is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West Bengal, Assam and Kerala. The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory authority in charge of the waterways in India. It does the function of building the necessary infrastructure in these waterways, surveying the economic feasibility of new projects and also administration and regulation. The following waterways have been declared as National Waterways:

National Waterway 1 - Allahabad - Haldia stretch of the Ganga - Bhagirathi - Hooghly river system with a total length of 1,620 kilometres (1,010 mi) in October 1986.

National Waterway 2 - Saidiya - Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra river system with a total length of 891 kilometres (554 mi) in 1988.

National Waterway 3 - Kollam - Kottapuram stretch of the West Coast Canal along with Champakara and Udyogmandal canals, with a total length of 205 kilometres (127 mi) in 1993.

National Waterway 4 - Bhadrachalam - Rajahmundry and Wazirabad - Vijaywada stretch of the Krishna - Godavari river system along with the Kakinada - Puducherry canal network, with a total length of 1,095 km (680 mi) in 2007.

National Waterway 5 - Mangalgadi - Paradeep and Talcher - Dhamara stretch of the Mahanadi - Brahmani river system along with the East Coast Canal, with a total length of 623 km (387 mi) in 2007. Source [114]]

RCS will add extensive network of inland waterways in India, and it becomes one of the cheapest mode of transport for the passengers and for the transportation of materials. RCS may add another fifty to sixty thousand kilometres of water ways to the existing 14500 kilometres of navigable pathways. With RCS, the people may use the motorised boats extensively for the transport, and it will connect most of the parts of the nation from Rajasthan in north to Gujarath in west to Tamilnadu in south to West bengal in east. With RCS most of the cargo’s can be transported through this water pathway thus decreasing the burden on the road and railways. The FCS will use very minimal fuel in transport as the boats need not travel against the water current both in to and fro movements. RCS team and the IWAI can work jointly in managing the transportation over the water pathways inside the nation, work for building up of necessary infrastructures in these water ways, formulate the strategies for administration and regulation.

1.34. F&F – Aviation in India.

[Transport in India: Aviation.

Airports and seaports of India

The market share of different airlines in India

Main article: List of airlines of India

But rapid economic growth in India has made air travel more affordable. Air India, India's flag carrier, presently operates a fleet of 147 aircraft and plays a major role in connecting India with the rest of the world. Several other foreign airlines connect Indian cities with other major cities across the globe.

Kingfisher Airlines, Air India and Jet Airways are the most popular brands in domestic air travel in order of their market share. These airlines connect more than 80 cities across India and also operate overseas routes after the liberalisation of Indian aviation. However, a large section of country's air transport system remains untapped, even though the Mumbai-Delhi air corridor was ranked 6th by the Official Airline Guide in 2007 among the world's busiest routes.

India's vast unutilised air transport network has attracted several investments in the Indian air industry in the past few years. More than half a dozen low-cost carriers entered the Indian market in 2004-05. Major new entrants include Air Deccan, Kingfisher Airlines, SpiceJet, GoAir, Paramount Airways and IndiGo Airlines. Source [114]]

With better economy the air transport may become one of the important modes of transpiration for the people to move from one place to other.

1.35. F&F - Pipelines for crude oil.

[Transport in India: Pipelines.

Length of pipelines for crude oil is 20,000 km (12,427 mi).

Length of Petroleum products pipeline is 268 km (167 mi).

Length of Natural gas pipelines is 1,700 km (1,056 mi).

The above information was calculated in 2008. Source [114]]

The pipelines for the petroleum products, natural gas can be created as per our requirement. The total requirement of the petroleum products will come down with establishment of VPA – MV – MN.

1.36. F&F - Total numbers of registered vehicles in India. [Registered vehicles:

Total numbers of registered vehicles in India. 1951-2004 (In thousands)Year (as on 31st

march)

[All vehicles][Two wheelers][Cars, jeeps and taxis][Buses][Goods vehicle][Others]

1 [2][3][4][5][6][7]1951 [306][27][159][34][82][4]1956 [426][41][203][47][119][16]1961 [665][88][310][57][168][42]1966 [1099][226][456][73][259][85]1971 [1865][576][682][94][343][170]1976 [2700][1057][779][115][351][398]1981 [5391][2618][1160][162][554][897]1986 [10577][6245][1780][227][863][1462]1991 [21374][14200][2954][331][1356][2533]1996 [33786][23252][4204][449][2031][3850]1997 [37332][25729][4672][484][2343][4104]1998 [41368][28642][5138][538][2536][4514]1999 [44875][31328][5556][540][2554][4897]2000 [48857][34118][6143][562][2715][5319]2001 [54991][38556][7058][634][2948][5795]2002 [58924][41581][7613][635][2974][6121]2003 [67007][47519][8599][721][3492][6676]2004 [72718][51922][9451][768][3749][6828]Others include tractors, trailers’, three wheelers ( passenger vehicles) and other miscellaneous

Source [115] ]

If we look at this table the total numbers of registered vehicles are increasing year by year. With VPA – MV – MN, it is possible to decrease the usage of vehicles like two wheelers, Cars, jeeps, three wheelers and taxis. The usage of buses, Goods vehicle, tractors, and trailers may go up marginally. The companies which produce less emission, more fuel efficient, efficient in performance will remain in the market.

1.37. F&F –Road traffic injuries. [Regional Health Forum: Road Safety - Epidemiology of Road Traffic Injuries in Delhi:

Result of a Survey.

Among 30 554 population, there were 680 traffic injuries with (IR) 22.3 per 1 000 population. Of the total injuries, 69% occurred in the age group of 15 to 35 and males were four times more affected than females. The business group had a higher incidence (IR 44.0) followed by the service group (IR 40.1) and the labour group (IR 28.9). The annual incidence was highest among people with sixth to eighth class education level (5.3), followed by graduates (3.6).

Limbs (62.2%) were the most affected part followed by head injury (11.2%). Superficial injuries were most common (47.4%), followed by fractures (20.7%), crush injuries (14.1%) and concealed injuries (12.4%). 19.3% injuries occurred during recreational activity. Majority of the injured victims (92.4%) were administered treatment within six hours while 70.0% availed treatment within one hour of injury. Majority of injured victims took treatment from a nearby private clinic (44.4%), followed by treatment from government hospitals (26.8%) and private hospitals (16.0%). Outpatient treatment was required by 47.1%; 5.9% were hospitalized; 9% of patients were critically ill due to injuries, 1.8% had to be operated upon, and 1.3% had to be admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU). Most of the victims resumed work within 2-4 days of injury (19.3%), followed by 5-7 days absence from work (14.7%), while 13.4% could not resume normal work for 1-2 months. Injury was more common among two-wheelers used by the victims (46.3%), and among pedestrians (24.85%). Source [116] ]

Road traffic accidents are having many impacts on the individual, family and the nation. Individual may have loss in income, more expense, sufferings, morbidity, and mortality. Family may have loss as the victim is the income generating person, loss due to hospital expense, less income generation, more expense for routine maintenance, expenses towards the care taker, loss of income for the care taker as she / he may not be able to involve in income generating work. For the nation, RTA will drain the economy through health sector, police, court, infrastructure loss, loss of tax supposed to be generated by the victim.

If we look in to the above information it is the productive age, that is between the ages of 15 to 35 years are the more people becomes the victims of the RTA. At present male are more involved in productive activity at present and they are becoming the common victims for RTA.

Any part of the body may be involved in the act of accident and thus there is a possibility of morbidity and mortality. People seek treatment from the hospital, either private or government, thus it is the drain on economy through the health sector. It is worthy to note that walking is also becoming one of the risk factor for getting the accident is the worst indicator for the poor infrastructure development.

1.38. F&F - Fast pace of modernization - the requirement of a vehicle for transportation.

[Regional Health Forum. Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia. Road Safety.

Introduction

Due to the fast pace of modernization, basic needs including the requirement of a vehicle for transportation are expanding rapidly and resulting in an epidemic situation of injury everywhere including developing countries. The risk factors are increasing in some developing countries; for example, motor vehicle ownership may double within five years causing streets and highways to become choked by inadequately maintained vehicles. According to the World Health Report 2002, of the global burden of injury, 30.3% morbidity and 28.7% mortality occurred in the South-East Asia Region. According to a report of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, one accident occurs every two minutes and one suicide every five minutes in India, with the accident rate corresponding to 45 per 100 000 population. Delhi ranks fifth among other states/Union Territories of India in respect of accidents. In 1999, India had 40 939 000 vehicles and 306 400 road traffic accidents, which correspond to a rate of 7.5 accidents/ 1 000 vehicles. Of the total 340 454 accidental injuries and 244 412 accidental deaths, 95.3% injuries (324 520) and 33.2% deaths (81 036) were due to road traffic, which correspond to rates of 7.9 and 2.0 per 1 000 vehicles respectively. The sex ratio of road traffic injury in India was 4.5 males: 1 female. The Registrar General of India’s report on the survey of causes of death (rural), 1993 shows that 8.7% mortality was due to accidental injuries. According to the National Road Transport Council and Trauma Cases Association, at least 25 000 lives are lost every year due to road accidents in India. India has only 1% of vehicles in the world but accounts for nearly 6% of the total cases of unintentional injuries. The unintentional injury rate in India is 34.6/10 000 vehicles, while the accident rates in USA and Sweden are only 14 and 4.8 respectively. The cost of injury estimated for both developed (USA) and developing (India) countries is equally high as compared to the countries’ per capita income i.e. the ratios of cost per fatality: per capita income are 20:1 and 17:1 respectively. Source [116]]

Even with the fast pace of modernization with VPA – MV - MN, the need for a vehicle for transportation is going to decrease. All the vehicles will be well maintained well by the VPA garage. CRS CRTS will make the travelling an enjoyable event. It is possible to decrease the morbidity and mortality related to RTA with CRS – CRTS. The number of vehicles will also be decreased as the need for the usage of the vehicle will not arise for the general public to reach their place of work or for the children to reach the school. Most of the times the people will be walking over inter building bridges, so the chances of walking people coming in contact with vehicles will decrease. Traffic signal circles need not maintain the signals for the walking people as of today in the MV. With better income the people will be able to get better treatment for the injuries. Accidents will be well managed by the VPH and the VPA, at which the accident has happened.

1.39. F&F - Environmental Factors and accidents.[Regional Health Forum: Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia Road Safety.

Environmental Factors.

Months of the year: The maximum number of injuries occurred in July, August and September (387 cases), which is the hot-wet season in this part of India.

Time of occurrence of injury: As observed from the study data, most injuries occurred between Indian Standard Time (IST) 15-18 hours (146), followed by: between IST 12-15 hours (123), and between IST 18-21 hours (117).

Local environmental condition of the place of injury: Out of 680 injured victims; it was observed that 30.3% injuries occurred in congested areas, 7.2% occurred due to faulty designing, 26.8% due to poor visibility and 27.6% due to un favorable weather conditions.

Local environmental condition of the place of road traffic injury, Delhi, 2002

Condition of environment

[Congested area][Faulty design]

[Visibility] [Un favour-able weather]

Yes [206 (30.3%)] [49 (7.2%)]

[182 (26.8%)] [188 (27.6%)]

No [444 (65.3%)] [590 (86.8%)]

[457 (67.2%)] [443 (65.1%)]

Unknown [30 (4.4%)] [41 (6.0%)]

[41 (6.0%)] [49 (7.2%)]

Total [680 (100%)] [680 (100%)]

[680 (100%)] [680 (100%)]

Source [116]]

Some of the preventable causes for accidents like congestion, faulty design, and poor visibility due to trees or obstacles can be corrected with CRS – CRTS system.

1.40. F&F - Type of vehicle (including pedestrians) and accident. [Regional Health Forum: Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia

Road Safety.

Distribution of the 680 road traffic injury cases according to the type of vehicle (including pedestrians) involved during the accident, Delhi, 2002

Type of vehicle (including pedestrians)

[Victim vehicle][%]

[Hitting vehicle][%]

Bicycle [96][14.1] [35][5.2]

Two wheeler [315][46.3] [167][24.6]

Three wheeler [35][5.2] [94][13.8]

Car [25][3.7] [102][15.0]

Bus [12][1.8] [45][6.6]

Truck/ tempo [5][0.7] [49][7.2]

Rail [0][0.0] [6][0.9]

Pedestrians [169][24.9] [0][0.0]

Other [23][3.4] [182][26.8]

Source [116]]

Majority of the accidents occurs with the two wheelers either as the victim vehicle or as the hitting vehicle. Usage of motor cycles (two-wheeler) will come to near zero with the establishment of VPA – MV – MN, in the VPA limits.

1.41. F&F - Agents/Factors Causing Traffic Injury. [Regional Health Forum: Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia

Road Safety.

Agents/Factors Causing Traffic Injury.

Type of vehicle involved: The injury data regarding the type of vehicle involved in traffic accidents show that injury was more common among occupants of two-wheelers (46.3%) and pedestrians (24.9%). More often, the hitting vehicles were two-wheelers (24.56%), followed by cars (15%) and three-wheelers (13.82%) (See Table 3).

Cause of event: High speed (31.03%) and congested roads with high vehicular density (20.44%) were the leading factors for occurrence of traffic injury. The other major factor was badly-maintained slippery roads (16.47%).

Distribution of road traffic injured victims according to the cause of event, Delhi, 2002

Cause of eventNo. of cases

%

Mechanical fault of vehicle

43 6.32

High speed 211 31.03

Congested road 139 20.44

Poor light 19 2.79

Slippery/ill-maintained 112 16.47

road

Obstacle 31 4.56

Fault of pedestrian 24 3.53

Other 101 14.85

Total 680 100

Source [116]]

CRS will have adequate lanes with designated speed; this limits the possibility of accident. The roads can be well maintained by the VPA, which comes under that VPA limit. Pedestrian will not be walking on the road in MV and the CRS system. Congestion and high vehicular density can be avoided with CRS.

1.42. F&F - Post-Injury Care and Disability Factors.[Regional Health Forum: Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia.

Road Safety.

Post-Injury Care and Disability Factors.

Transportation used for reaching Medical Centre: As shown in Table 5, autos/taxis (35.7%) were observed to be the most commonly used mode of transport to reach the health set-up for treatment in majority of cases, followed by bicycles (9.4%); ambulances (4.9%); public transport (4.1%), and two-wheelers (2.1%). Ambulance was not a frequently used transport. Police Control Room (PCR) vans were more commonly used vehicles. The use of these vehicles was largely dependent on their easy availability nearby at the time of injury.

Time lapse between injury and treatment: In the study conducted, the majority of injured victims (92.4%) availed treatment within six hours, while 70.0% availed treatment within one hour of injury. Transportation facility and availability of health facilities did not appear to be a problem in this study area.

Post-injury care of 680 road traffic injuries, Delhi, 2002

Vehicle used for transportation

[Time interval]

[Nature of treatment]

[Agency of treatment]

Nothing 171 (25.1%)

[1 hour 475 (70.0%)]

[First-aid only 176 (25.9%)]

[Govt. dispensary 21 (3.1%)]

Bicycle 64 [1-6 hours 152 (22.4%)]

(9.4%) [Out patient 320 (47.1%)]

[Govt. hospital 182 (26.8%)]

2-wheeler 14 (2.1%)

[6-12 hours 24 (3.5%)]

[Emergency care 123 (18.1%)]

[Private clinic 302 (44.4%)]

Auto./taxi 243 (35.7%)

[12-24 hours 10 (1.5%)]

[Hospitalized 40 (5.9%)]

[Private hospital 109 (16.0%)]

Bus/Public 28 (4.1%)

[>24 hours 19 (2.8%)]

[Intensive care 9 (1.3%)]

[Self 66 (9.7%)]

Ambulance 33 (4.9%)

[−]

[Major operation 12 (1.8%)]

[−]

Health facility providing treatment: The majority of the injured victims had taken treatment from a nearby private clinic (44.4%), followed by government hospitals (26.8%) and private hospitals (16.0%). Government dispensaries were utilized only in 3.1% cases, which were open only during specific hours of the day.

Nature of treatment received: It was observed from the study that in majority of cases, the victims took outdoor (OPD) level treatment (47.1%) and first-aid treatment only (25.9%). Out of a total of 680 cases of road traffic injuries, 9.0% victims were in critical condition; 5.9% were hospitalized, 1.8% was operated upon, and 1.3% was admitted to ICU. Source [116]]

VPA – VPH will take care of the accidents if it is within its VPA limit. Dedicated ambulance will work round the clock to maintain such an event.

1.43. F&F - Number of days of hospitalization. [Regional Health Forum.

Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia

Road Safety.

Number of days of hospitalization: 56.5% of the victims were discharged within 1 to 4 days.

Post-injury disability of 680 road traffic injuries, Delhi, 2002.

No. of days

Work affected Hospitalized

<1 16 (2.3%) 27 (4.0%)

2-4 145 (21.3%) 36 (5.3%)

5-7 105 (15.4%) 24 (3.5%)

8-10 39 (5.7%) 12 (1.8%)

11-14 5 (0.7%) 1 (0.1%)

15-21 58 (8.5%) 9 (1.3%)

22-28 12 (1.8%) 3 (0.4%)

29-60 82 (12.1%) 4 (0.5%)

61-90 14 (2.1%) 3 (0.4%)

>90 12 (1.8%) 1 (0.1%)

Other 192 (28.2%) 560 (82.4%)

Total 680 (100%) 680 (100%)

Work loss due to injury: Most victims resumed work within 2-4 days of injury (19.3%), followed by 5-7 days of work loss (14.7%), while 13.4% could not resume normal work for 1-2 months. Source [116]]

With CRS – CRTS system it is possible prevent most of the accidents, and thus the work affected and the hospitalisation can be decreased. Thus, the people of productive age group can resume their productive work early and can involve in the process of increasing the personnel and the national economy.

1.44. F&F - Prevention and care of injury. [Regional Health Forum.

Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia

Road Safety.

Discussion

Prevention and care of injury is a multidisciplinary area and requires inter-sect oral coordination for planning. Presently, most developing countries do not have any surveillance system or planning for injury prevention. Lack of efficient surveillance system results in biased reporting of injury by different agencies, for example, traffic injuries constitute 95.7% of all injuries according to police department, however, only 31% were found to be due to traffic injuries in the present study. This may be because most traffic injuries are medico-legal and are reported to the government through the police department. Other types of injuries not having medico-legal implications might get treated either at government or private health set-ups and therefore, remains under-reported. The

current study shows that 45.4% of injured victims had taken treatment at a private clinic. In fact, as per reports of Halsey private practitioners treated one third of all injuries, this accounted for under-reporting of injuries. Hospital records are based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 coding. Under this system, it is difficult to categorize injuries as per the dual system of coding i.e. whether it should be included in anatomical type of injury (open wound, fracture, dislocation etc.) or in the cause of injury (traffic, fall, burn etc.) category. Of the injuries reported at two major and six colony hospitals of MCD, only 24% were traffic injuries. It was difficult to trace other traffic injuries recorded among other anatomical groups i.e. fractures, wounds etc. This may be the reason for under-reporting of traffic injuries by the health sector. So the need was felt to modify the ICD-10 reporting system. Of the two parameters i.e. type of injury and cause of injury, one may be used for ascertaining the magnitude and the other for research and planning purposes. In order to assess the severity of the injury, the report must have a separate category of injury like outdoor/ indoor, primary/ secondary/ tertiary-level in-juries or type of treatment (ward/ operation/ intensive care). The annual incidence rates for major injuries: 73.1 (31% traffic) and for all injuries: 116.7 (25% traffic) per 1 000 population respectively, as found in this study, are consistent with findings of other community-based studies, such as 93 (29% traffic) by Pramod; 115 (5.7% traffic) by Gordon, and 311 by Rahman. This difference in incidence may well be due to the use of author’s own definition of injury based on criteria of inclusion and exclusion of different types of severity. It was found that injuries were more common among those in the young and productive age group; other studies also showed the same pattern. As more traffic injuries were reported during the evening time, legal measures could be strengthened during those hours. Even though roadside fatality is the highest in India as compared to other countries, there is no planning for road safety. As mentioned in various ad hoc studies and some of the WHO technical reports along with present study data, there is an urgent need of planning for injury prevention in developing countries. Source [116]]

Prevention and care of injury can be well done with CRS – CRTS – VPA – VPH – MV – MN and with this, there will be better coordination among the people and the hospital, accessibility to the health care system will be better, less confusion in selecting the better health care facility, less chances of going from hospital to hospital and thus wasting the precious time before initiating the treatment. It is possible to have a better surveillance system or planning for injury prevention with CRS – CRTS – VPA – VPH – MV – MN, thus we can get the accurate results for management planning. All the cases of injuries, the treatment received, and the service provider will be well documented under the PIN based recording system and thus it is possible to get the most recent data on injuries at any time of the day. This will also help the administrators to formulate the strategies.

1.45. F&F - Taxes and bribes are common between state borders. [Indian Road Network is developing. Trucking goods from Gorgon to the port in Mumbai can take up to 10 days. Taxes and bribes are common between state borders; Transparency International estimates that truckers pay annually $5 billion in bribes. India has the world's second largest road network. Although India has only 1% of the world's vehicles, India has 8 per cent of the world's vehicle fatalities.

Container traffic is growing at 15% a year. Some 60% of India’s container traffic is handled by the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust in Mumbai. It has just 9 berths compared to 40 in Singapore's main port. It takes an average of 21 days to clear import cargo in India compared to just 3 in Singapore. Source [117] ]

CRS – CRTS system will make the road and the railway transport system in India, the best in the world. It is also becomes the necessity to such CRS – CRTS, as we start exporting more products generated from the industries developed with the agriculture products in the VPF and the its allied industries. With better economy we can create better ports and thus we can improve our efficiency in handling container traffic.

1.46. F&F - Global warming in India.[Global warming in India:

Indian cities are polluted by vehicles and industry emissions. Road dust due to vehicles also contributing up to 33% of air pollution; In cities like Bangalore, around 50% of children suffer from asthma. India has emission standard of Bharat Stage II (Euro II) for vehicles since 2005. Source [118] ]

Air pollution can be well controlled with the creation of VPA – CRS – CRTS – MV – MN, thus most of the diseases related to air pollution can be prevented.

1.47. F&F - Respirable suspended particulate matter RSPM.

Source [119] ]

Respirable suspended particulate matter RSPM: This is increasing day by day in our atmosphere, which is going to cause a great damage to all the living animals especially for the humans.

Measure like decrease in the utilisation of the vehicles, decreased transit time in the traffic signals, decrease in the rate of emission from the factories with better technology and adoption of better pollution control methods, increase in the forest area will lead to better atmosphere with less pollutants.

Creation of RCS and VPA will lead to increase in the forest area as there is better involvement of the people (VPWT) in the programmes of increasing the forest area.

The RSPM in the atmosphere will decrease as the emission from the automobiles and the industry decreases. The automobile emission decreases because no one need not use any vehicle inside their VP village proper because all will be in a walk able distance, the inter building bridges facilitates the people to reach their place of work in a short distance. All the standard methods are used to decrease the emission from the factory. Thus we can have a better atmosphere for us and for our future generation.

1.48. F&F - Delay in initiation of treatment due to bad roads can kill the people.

Source [120] ]

Delay in initiation of treatment can kill the people. There are many reasons for it bad road is also one of the cause.

1.49. F&F – Money on roads.

Source [121] ]

We can see that the government is spending so much money on roads and it is possible to create only few thousand kilometres of national highways in the period of one government. The money involved in constructing the same is also more. And it may be dangerous to enumerate all the reasons for the cost being more and it is not my intension. My intension is to create the CRS-CRTS system with very minimal cost involved in it and the quality and the width road is better than whatever we have today by following certain principles and procedures.

The principle and procedures are:

(1) The satellite based survey is done after identification of the place of the model village.(2) The future highway goes near the MV but not inside.(3) There is no necessity to acquire the land and give compensation it is because the highway can go on any land and no one is going to have loss or gain because the income generated will remain the same because the income is divided on the basis of the property documentation done as on today. (4) Only the technical assistance, supervision of the work by the skilled and qualified person and the supply of materials directly from the factory to the VPA, (the maintenance of the stock and its release on daily basis is done by the army) will be done by the government. (5) Aerial survey and the land survey to mark the land marks are done by the trained staff from the government.(6) When once the land marking is done the process of formatting the land, road side drains for various channels, road side RCS channels are done by the VPWT, no extra salary is paid for it and they will get their regular share from the VPA.

(7) Construction of the barrier walls, side walls for the various channels, mateling work are done under the guidance of the technical and skilled people appointed from the government by the skilled people in the VPWT who does all these works. This information’s are collected when the people are becoming the working members of the VPA (See the section Job creation). No extra salary for this. (8) Asphalting is done by the government trained people with the help of the VPWT.With this type of work, we can create the national highways of the entire India within one to two years or ever shorter with better quality.

1.50. F&F – Statistics on glaciers / global warming. [India statistics, facts and figures

Figures on glaciers / global warming

Average yearly retreat (vanishing) of Himalayan glaciers: 2006: 30 metres -1935-1999: 18 metres -- 1842-1935: 7 metres [DNA Jan 07]

Average decrease of glacier thickness (of 30 glaciers monitored by WGMS) in 2005: 66 cm (WGMS: Swiss based World Glacier Monitoring Service) [DNA Jan 07]

Himalayan glaciers and years in which they are to vanish due to global warming: Gangotri, Miyer, Mlion, Janapa to vanish by 2030-2050 [TNJ Jan 07]

Number of people directly affected if above glaciers were to melt: 1.5 billion [TNJ Jan 07]Length of India's largest glacier, Gangotri: 2006: less than 20km -- 1930: 25km [DNA Jan 07]

Rate in which India's largest glacier, Gangotri, melts: 28.1 metres per year [TNJ Jan 07]Year in which Himalayan glacier Gangotri will disappear: 2050, if glacier melt continues at same rate [TNJ Jan 07]

Distance that Siachen glacier retreated between 1990 and 2001: 578 metres [TNJ Jan 07]Average yearly melt of Siachen glacier between 1990 and 2001: 52 metres [TNJ Jan 07]. Source [69]]

The process of global warming can be prevented with VPA – MV – MN, as the people will involve in the process of increasing the forest area, as they use less vehicles, better pollution control, and usage of less pollution better vehicle at the needy time will be done with better economy.

1.51. F&F - World records related to transportation and transportation related disaster.

[India statistics, facts and figures

Various world records

Worst train disaster in the world: in Samastipur, Bihar, India, on 6 June 1981; more than 800 passengers died [GBoWR]

Highest motor able road in the world: Khardung La, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, with an altitude up to 5,682 m (18,640 ft) [GBoWR]. Source [69]]

CRTS system will decrease the incidence of accidents if it is maintained well. With CRTS, it is possible to have safe and short railway track systems.

1.52. F&F – Cars everywhere by 2050.

[India to top in car volumes by 2050:

India is projected to have the largest number of cars in the world -- 611 million to be precise -- by 2050. According to the third Bric (Brazil, Russia, India, China) report from investment banking firm Goldman Sachs, this means every sixth car produced in the world will be sold in India.

The third Bric report says passenger car density in India will continue to be a third of China's until 2025. India will overtake its neighbor somewhere in the vicinity of 2050, when the country will have 382 cars per thousand people compared with China's 363 in that year.

The report also projected that there will be 14.35 million cars in India by 2010, in line with the industry's projection of adding a million cars a year from next year. It presumes a base of 9.03 million cars in 2005. Source [122] ]

VPA – MV – MN will make the need for the car to go down in the routine use, thus we can prevent the rise in car volume.

1.53. F&F – News on accidents are common.

Source [123] ]

With CRS – CRTS system the incidence of the accidents will come down.

1.54. F&F - Poor infrastructure - ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS – DRAIN ON HEALTH SECTOR.

[Poor infrastructure - ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS – DRAIN ON HEALTH SECTOR;

Photography by Dr. Shivu.]

Here is the bus which stops exactly at the gate of the hospital and few more vehicles waiting behind the bus for the bus to move.

Bus stops anywhere and everywhere, poor traffic sense, high way in the centre of the villages, overcrowding, narrow roads and so on will make the incidence of the accident more. This can be prevented with CRS – CRTS system.

Most deaths occur at home or at site, before reaching health facilities. VPH – MV – MN, will be able manage such issues in a better way.

1.55. F&F – Poor infrastructure – walking requires ‘lot of concentration on walk’.

Source: News paper.]

Walking needs lot of concentration even for young people. Minor alteration in the concentration will make the people to fall and to have injury.

1.56. F&F - India's road accident record 1998. [India's road accident record 1998: 6 % of the world's road accident deaths happen in India (while India has only 1 % of the world's road vehicles) [GBoWR]

Death and injury caused by accidents on India's roads: 1 person dies every 6 minutes; 10 are injured in the same time frame [BBC; Sep 2005]

India's percentage of global car population: 1% [Daily Telegraph Sep 06]India's share of global car accidents: 10% [Daily Telegraph Sep 06] Financial losses due to road traffic injuries 2005: 550 bn Rs = 3% of GDP [BBC; Sep 2005]

Number of vehicles per km in Mumbai: 591 [BBC; Sep 2005]Number of road accidents in Mumbai: up to 35 per day (with up to 15 deaths per day) [BBC; Sep 2005]Number of cars in Bangalore (Karnataka): 1.95 million cars (Bangalore's population is 6.5 million people) [BBC Sep 04]

Increase of alcohol consumption in past two decades in India: by 106 % [HT Jul 04]. Source [69]]

The incidence of RTA, death and injuries due to RTA can be decreased with CRS – CRTS – VPA – VPH - MV – MN.

The number of cars on the road and the car accidents can be decreased with VPA – MV – MN.

With the four to five years of financial losses that occurs due to RTA, it is possible to complete the work of CRS – CRTS.

With VPA – MV – MN, the number of vehicle on road in urban areas will decrease, due to less people moving from rural area to the urban area for their routine work, and more people going and settling at the MV due to better life style and income.

People may leave the habits, which all the people are not accepting in the working group. For example if a VPWM, is in the stage of hangover, following excess alcohol consumption in the previous night – the other people who work with him will object, because he is also getting the same share of income in the name of working or a person cannot simply stand somewhere and start smoking because the other working members will tell, he is wasting the time in which he is supposed to work.

1.57. F&F –Road blocks due to falling trees are common.

Photo by Dr. Shivu.]

Here the fallen tree following heavy rain with wind is partially axed to make the road clear. These were some of the trees which are implanted on either the sides of the road by the forest department.

CRS – CRTS will have broad roads, thus the block by the fallen trees will decrease to the maximum extent.

1.58. F&F – Buses going out the road with partially blocked road and ending in accident are also common.

Photo by Dr. Shivu.]

The bus goes out of the road to bypass the fallen tree and thus half of the bus may go out of the road over the loose soil and can lead to accident.

Welcoming such type of accident can be prevented to the maximum extent with CRS – CRTS system.

1.59. F&F –Bus stopping anywhere and rare vehicle hitting the front vehicle are also common.

Photo by DR. Shivu.]

Most of the buses stop at the hospital entrance gate and here one lorry (shown with Red arrow) is waiting behind the bus to get its way, thus it is blocking the road, thus it may delay the journey or abrupt stop this bus can lead to accident from the rare moving vehicle to come and his this bus which is giving stop abruptly.

With CRS – CRTS, no buses will be stopped at various places like this, because all the main roads will be away from the MV, and all the buses will give stop only in the designated CRS stand at the designated place, thus we can minimise the accident to the maximum accident.

1.60. F&F –Economy make us not to understand the causes for accidents.

Photo by Dr. Shivu.]

Buses falling in the lakes and tanks are the common type of accidents we read in the news paper regularly, which costs many lives.

In CRS – CRTS system, the roads will be created at the safer place by analysing the geography of the entire area in which the road comes. No roads or tracks are created on the banks of the river or lakes. If such things need to be crossed then the narrowest part of the water path will be taken with suitable height to bypass the water path perpendicular to the flow path of the water, thus the water entering the road or damaging the road during rainy season or vehicle falling in to the water can be prevented to the maximum extent.

Sources:

[109] Transportation downloads \ Business world - The Smog Will Get Worse.mht and Transportation downloads \ Automobile industry in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht.

[110] Transportation downloads\Business world - The Smog Will Get Worse.mht.

[111] Transportation downloads\Environmental issues in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht.

[112] Transportation downloads \ India Current Affairs » Blog Archive » PRICES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.mht, Posted on: 22-04-2010 | By: | In: Industry.

[113] Transportation downloads\India to top in car volumes by 2050 Rediff_com Business.mht. S Kalyana Ramanathan in New Delhi. October 23, 2004 10:23 IST.

[114] Transportation downloads\Transport in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht.

[115] Transportation downloads\table1.htm.

[116] RHF 8-1 Epidemiology of Road Traffic Injuries in Delhi.mht. Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia Region Volume 8 Number 1, 2004. By Pramod Kumar Verma, K.N. Tewari.

[117] Economy of India. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia; this page was last modified on 22 February 2009, at 23:16.

[118] Internet: Environmental issues in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia.

[119] CPCB, news paper.

[120] Times of India News paper, Page number 1 dated 28.06.09.

[121] Department of road transport and Highways. Ministry of state road transport and highways, GOI. News paper;

[69] Internet: India statistics facts and figures neoncarrot travelogue.

[122] internet: India to top in car volumes by 2050 Rediff_com Business.

[123] Times of India news paper, Mysore, Page number 1, dated 26.5.09.