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Precision phenotyping for improving drought stress tolerant maize in Thailand
Sutatsane Vongsupathai Suriphat Thaitad Tatsanee Budthong Pichet Grudloyma
Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center (NSFCRC) Tak Fa, Nakhon Sawan, THAILAND 1
Problem • In Thailand, drought was reported as a
priority constrain for maize production in many agro-ecological zones and it is observed almost every year.
• Maize is usually affected to drought stress at difference stage.
2
Objectives
• To compare the performance of hybrids maize and to understand the association of yield with morphological and physiological traits under water stress condition 3
Materials : • The set of hybrids maize from CIMMYT 148 + 2 local check hybrids Local checks :NS2 and NS3
• 10x15 Alpha lattice design with 2 replications • 2 rows/ plot of 5.0 m. long • 66,000 plants ha-1
Planting period :
Materials and methods
Design :
• during dry season in 2009, NSFCRC.
4
Temperature (oC) rain fall (mm.) and RH distribution at NSFCRC,
from Dec 2009 to Feb 2010
RH%(max)
Max.temp (oC)
Min.temp (oC)
Stop irrigated
Planting date 3 Dec 2009
Rain(mm.)
Flowering
5
WS WW Well watered Flowering drought
: The irrigation was stopped from 9th leaf stage to
two weeks after mid flowering (15 Jan-15 Feb. 2010)
: weekly irrigation about 30 mm./time
Water stress (Flowering stage drought) (WS)
Well watered (ww)
Water management:
6
Data Collections
Agronomic traits Secondary traits
7
Agronomic traits
Field weight
Root and stalk lodging
Moisture content
Plant and ear height Silking date
Anthesis date
Hundred kernel weight
8
Secondary traits
1) anthesis-silking interval (days)
2) leaf rolling : - 2,3 weeks after stop irrigation
(Score 1-5) - before re-irrigation
3) Senescence: - 3 weeks after stop irrigation
(Score 1-10) - before re-irrigation
- 30 days after silking
9
Green Seeker: NDVI values can be used to predict green biomass
Vegetative stage : Weekly measurements from 3 leaves until 8 leaves stage.
Grain filling stage : weekly from two weeks after male flowering till one week prior maturity
4) Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI)
10
5) Stomata conductance and Leaf temperature 5) Stomata conductance (mmol/H2O m-2s-1)
Leaf porometer :
Vegetative stage : 4-5 weeks after planting and again in 2 weeks later.
Reproductive stage : 2 day after stopped irrigation and then every weekly until re-irrigation.
Measurements : - 3 plants/ plot. - one leaf per plant - at the 4th leaf below flag leaf. -10-15 h. sunydays
11
Infrared thermometer:
Vegetative stage : 4-5 weeks after planting and again 2 weeks later.
Reproductive stage : 2 day after stopped irrigation and then every weekly until re-irrigation.
6) Leaf temperature (Co)
Measurements : - 3 plants/ plot. - one leaf per plant - at the 4th leaf below flag leaf. -10-15 h. sunny days
12
7) Chlorophyll content
SPAD meter :
Flowering stage : 1 time.
Grain filling : every week during grain filling for 5 weeks.
Measurements : - 6 plants/ plot. - one leaf per plant. - at the 4th leaf below flag leaf.
13
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No. Pedigree WS WW ASI (days)
1 NS 3 (Local check 2) 5.09 8.26 2
2 CLQ-RCYQ54=(CML176 x CL-G2501)-B-3-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 5.00 6.79 2
3 DTPWC9-F67-2-2-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.84 7.59 3
4 [P591c4 1y2 GEN F23-1-1-1-B-B-B x CML486]-1-1-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.77 6.62 3
5 CML-332-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.73 7.54 4
6 CL-04935=(PR8549xP23C2)-5-1-3-B*14-B-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.41 5.68 4
7 DTPWC9-F24-4-3-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.32 7.00 1
8 La Posta Seq C7-F78-2-1-1-1-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.30 8.27 5
9 S87P69Q(SIYF) 109-1-1-4-B / CML-312 SR 4.21 6.33 2
10 XZY 460-1 / CML-312 SR 4.21 7.63 3
11 CML-442/CML-444 (Check 3 late maturity) 2.49 8.89 10
Mean 2.59 6.48 5
LSD(0.05) 1.55 1.14 2
Table 1 Mean grain yield (ton/ha) of top ten hybrids maize under water stress condition at NSFCRC in 2010D.
Table 2 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and importance agronomic traits, 2010D.
Traits Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
Anthesis silking interval (ASI) -0.2745*
Leaf senescence -0.4158*
Leaf rolling -0.5199*
Ear per plant 0.2317*
Hundred kernel weight
Moisture content
0.2729*
0.3746*
16
Table 3 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and NDVI, 2010D.
Green Seeker
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
-41 0.0687ns
-34 0.1291ns
-25 0.2098*
-18 0.1444ns
15 0.3785*
21 0.2398*
28 0.2800*
35 0.2302*
Flowering drought period 17
Table 4 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and stomata conductance, 2010D.
Leaf porometer
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
-23 0.1676*
-9 0.1172ns
7 0.3572*
15 0.2087*
21 0.0805ns
35 0.0578ns
Flowering drought period 18
Table 5 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and leaf temperature (oC), 2010D.
Infrared thermometer
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
T1S2 (WS)
-23 -0.1127ns
-9 -0.1245ns
7 -0.3635*
15 -0.1435ns
21 -0.0393ns
35 -0.0637ns
Flowering drought period 19
Table 6 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and chlorophyll content, 2010D.
SPAD meter
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
4 0.3628*
11 0.4911*
19 0.5531*
26 0.4468*
35 0.2170*
42 0.1739*
Flowering drought period 20
1 weeks after stop irrigation
21
2 weeks after stop irrigation
(A.T.Z.T.R.L.BA90 5-3-3P-1P-4P-2P-1-1-1-B x G9B C0 R.L.23-1P-2P-3-2P-3-2P-1P-B-B-B)-B-16TL-3-1-4-B-B-B / CML-312 SR
La Posta Seq C7-F18-3-2-1-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR
22
3 weeks after stop irrigation 4 weeks after stop irrigation
23
WATER STRESS
CML-442/CML-444 (Check 3 late maturity)
WELL WATERED
NS 3 (Local check 2) 24
WATER STRESS WELL WATERED
La Posta Seq C7-F78-2-1-1-1-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR
XZY 460-1 / CML-312 SR 25
• Selection for drought tolerance by increase EPP, HKW, CHE, NDVI and stomata conductance were linked to higher yield drought stress.
• Reduction ASI, LRO, Senescence and leaf temperature suggesting that were increasing higher yield
Conclusions
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Thank you