8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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Dr. Nguyen Tuong Van

Deputy Diretor General of Administration of Technical Infrastructure

Ministry of Construction

Ha Noi, March 2011

The issues on Urban

Drainage and WastewaterTreatment in Viet Nam

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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- Combined system for Drainage and Wastewater

- Urban drainage system is constructed over different periods, notcomplete, asynchronous, many sewerlines has been deteriorated asreason to reduce drainage capability

- As well as urbanization process, total of wastewater volume must betreated is inreasing quickly

Overview of situation on Urban Drainage

and Wastewater Treatment in Viet Nam.

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- Mostly wastewater not treated and being discharged directly into waterbody. Quantity of centralized WWTPs so less (just having 6 cities with 14WWTPs with total of capacity 294,500m3/ng). Many cities are beingconstructed have no WWTPs

- Percentage of household connects to sewarage system is very low inmost urban areas

- Many of sewerlines with slender cross section as well as diches andcanals are being concreted as reason to restrictes to drainage capability

Overview of situation on Urban Drainage

and Wastewater Treatment in Viet Nam.

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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- Construction does not comply to city master plan as well as buildingsabove sewerline directly or encroaching area of lakes, canals or filled up bysolid waste (including solid waste from construction activities). Naturaldisasters also causes to damaged to infrastructure facilites

- Flooding occures in HCMC frequently and also in Ha Noi when heavyrains. Many of cities not flooded before such as Da Nang, Can Tho, Quy

Nhon, Hai Phong, Nha Trang … now facing flooding.

Overview of situation on Urban Drainage

and Wastewater Treatment in Viet Nam.

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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- Sewerage system and type of wastewater treatment in Urban

area:

+ Combined sewerage system, separate system or centralized anddecentralized system

+ Centralized system has been applied in most uban areas, wherehave high population density, and have conditions to buildcompletely

Centralized system seems to be not appropriate when apply 

for dispersal population area, peri-uban or trade villages 

Overview of situation on Urban Drainage

and Wastewater Treatment in Viet Nam.

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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Up to year 2009, 223 industrial zones have decided to establishamong those 171 industrial zones (IZs) are going to work (have beencommissioning)

- 74/171 IZs have WWTP (around 43%),

- 22/171 Izs are going to build WWTP.

- 75/171 IZs have no WWTP yet .

Around 70% among over 1million m3 of wastewater/day not be treated from IZs is being discharged directly into water body, causes to make polluted environment 

Reality of Drainage and Wastewater

Treatment in Industrial zones

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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Together with development of IZs has brought about increase of wastewater volume. Polluted surface water in rivers, canals or lakescaused by wastewater from IZs, trade villages becoming serious,especially in river basin of Cau, Nhue – Day or Dong Nai

Reality of Drainage and Wastewater

Treatment in Industrial zones

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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1. Urbanization effect:

- Increasing of constructive unit density in urban

- Reducing area of ponds, lake or river

- Increasing of rain-proof surface (cover with concrete)

2. Drainage/Sewerrage system degraded, and also projects implementtoo slow3. Effect climate change: Typhoon, storm-surge occures frequently,early rains, flooding …

4. Quaility of urban planning is inappropriate, or not comprehensive, orforecast/projection is still insufficient

5. Lack of investment capital

6. Lack of urban managerial skills (Urban management still inadequate)7. Awareness of resident communities

8. Lack of compulsory sanctions or not strictly conducted

The causes lead the irrationality

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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Decree 88/2007/ND-CP on Drainage and Sewerage forUrban Areas and Industrial Zones regulates:

– For domestic wastewater:

+ For newly constructed drainage/sewerage systems inurban areas which consist of a centralized wastewater collectionand treatment system, it is allowed for customers to dischargewastewater directly into the system

+ For existing urban areas where combined

drainage/sewerage systems or semi-separate drainage/seweragesystems exist, domestic wastewater shall be collected and pre-treated before being discharged into connection points

Regulations on Management, Construction

and Development Orientation

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- For other kinds of wastewater: Customers shall collect andtreat wastewater with their own preliminary treatment facilitiesto meet the required quality for wastewater discharged atconnection points

- If the industrial zone drainage/sewerage system connects tothe urban drainage/sewerage system, the industrial zone shallbe considered as a customer using urban drainage/sewerageservice, all regulations on the urban drainage/sewerage systemmust be complied.

Regulations on Management, Construction

and Development Orientation

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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Decision 1930/QD-TTg dated 20 Nov 2009 on Orientation forDevelopment of Urban Drainage/Sewarage and Industrial Zones up to2025 and a vision to 2050

+ Drainage system must be constructed comprehensively to

ensure the drainage of storm water and wastewater including collection,conveying and treatment for each catchment; investment is prioritizedto such a synchronized system in big cities (classes special, I, and II), incities where are tourist centers or in where there are greatly affecting tothe environment

Regulations on Management, Construction

and Development Orientation

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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+ Constructing conventional sewerage system in combinationwith wastewater-separating facilities in cities, where sewers hadbasically formed;

+ In industrial parks, hi-tech parks, export processing zones,

economic zones (from hereunder being referred as industrial zones),and new urban centers as well as small urban centers where seweragesystem are not exist yet, separate system are constructed;

+ Existing ponds and lakes will be used effectively to regulatestorm water and reduce water source pollution

Regulations on Management, Construction

and Development Orientation

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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+ Stand-alone industrial factories and sevice entities, whichdischarge hazadous wastewater must be locally treated before discharginginto the common sewerage system of urban or industrial zone.

+ Wastewater treatment technologies shall be selected appropriatelyto suit natural condition, scale, characters of urban and economiccondition. Prioritize the use domestic technologies and equipments.

+ Handicraft villages will have small scale centralized ordecentralized treatment facilities operating regularly, after treated theeffluent quality meets required standard before being discharged intoenvironment.

Regulations on Management, Construction

and Development Orientation

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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1. Type of Drainage system and wastewater treatment Technology:

– Selection type of drainage systemSelect and propose type of drainage system for applying in urban

(combined, separate) most important and affects directly to project

– Selection type of system- Centralized system- Decentralized system

- Selection technology

Selection of the wastewater treatment technology depends manyconditions: Investment cost, natural conditions and unique conditionof urban, land clearance ability, managerial and operationalcapability, treated capacity

Considerable Issues on Drainage and

Wastewater Treatment in Urban

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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2. Wastewater tariff: According to Decree 88/2007/ND-CP :- All organizations and households discharging wastewater intodrainage/sewerage system shall be responsible for wastewater tariff payment

- Collected wastewater tariffs shall be managed by owners of drainage/sewerage works and used for following purposes:

+ Payment of operation and management contracts

+ Payment of wastewater tariff collection service.

+ Capital investment for sustaining and development of drainage/sewerage systems.

- Wastewater tariff collection

+ Entities that provide water supply services shall be responsible forwastewater tariff collection by including wastewater tariffs in water bills

for customers consuming water supplied from a centralized watersystem.

+ Drainage/sewerage entities shall collect wastewater tariffs directlyfrom customers that do not consume water from a centralized watersupply system

Considerable Issues on Drainage and

Wastewater Treatment in Urban

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However in fact to collect wastewater tariff having many difficult,

which are:

+ Awareness of local government

+ Consensus of households

+ Some drainage/wastewater projects not completed yet, urbandrainage still have insufficient so that leads unbelief 

Wastewater tariff is very low (10% on water bill) 

Considerable Issues on Drainage and

Wastewater Treatment in Urban

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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3. Investment and improvement for drainage/sewerage system:

- Request a large amount of investment capital

- Local government does not prioritized, mobilize PSP difficultly

- Most projects are delayed, (urban planning or design phase is

inappropriate, causes to prolong projects, bidders have weak of ability)- Lack of community participation

Considerable Issues on Drainage and

Wastewater Treatment in Urban

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4. Selection of management and operation organization/entity

- According to decree 88: Drainage/sewerage entity meansorganization or individual providing drainage/sewerage services basedon a management and operation contract

- In fact have three of entity form:

+ Water supply and drainage/sewerage company

+ Urban Environmental Company (URENCO)

+ Drainage and Sewerage Company

- Which kind of entity could get be effective ?

Considerable Issues on Drainage and

Wastewater Treatment in Urban

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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5. Climate change: has been evinced clearly such as irregular rainstorms,whirlwind, floods, flood tide, etc. effects to operation of drainage/sewerage system (in present urban areas in Viet Nam)

6. Capacity strengthening for central and local government: Formulationof strategy, improvement of city master plan quaility, forecasting;awareness strengthening of government at all levels thru trainingcourses, instruction manuals etc.

Considerable Issues on Drainage and

Wastewater Treatment in Urban

8/6/2019 S2 Urban Waste Water Management by Nguyen Tuong Van

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THANK YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTION