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2013 Louisiana Transportation Conference
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Background
FHWA/AASHTO study
Objectives of LADOTD study
Level III methodology
Surge/Wave force methodology
100-Year Surge-Wave GIS Atlas Summary
Questions
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Pensacola, FL Bay Saint Louis, MS
Biloxi, MS Biloxi, MSOEA, Inc.
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Study objectives:
Develop methods for predicting surge/waveloads on bridge superstructures
Result: AASHTO Guide Specification for
Bridges Vulnerable to Coastal Storms
Outlined 3 levels of analysis
Developed wave force equations
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Hindcast all major tropical storms and
hurricanes that have impacted the area
Perform extreme value analyses on themet/ocean parameters (water elevation, wave
heights, depth-averaged currents) at each node
Use this information to compute the design
surge/wave loads on selected bridges
Estimate bridges vulnerability to these loads
OEA, Inc.
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Study objectives:
Perform a Level III analysis to determine thevulnerability of a selected number ofLADOTD coastal bridges to designsurge/wave loading
Create a storm surge/wave atlas forLouisiana Coastal Waters
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Design:
Storm water level Water depth
Wave height and period
Bridge superstructure parameters
Span type and dimensions
Low chord elevation
Force prediction equations
Obtained by Level III stormhindcasts and extreme valueanalyses
Provided by LADOTD
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Selection of storms to hindcast
Obtain wind velocity & atmospheric
pressure Develop surge/wave model mesh
Acquire model calibration data
Debug - calibrate models
Run surge/wave models Extract pertinent information from model
results
OEA, Inc.
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Selected Storms
Paths of Storms that Occurred Before 1920
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Selected Storms
Paths of Storms that Occurred After 1920
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Hindcast Procedure
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Model Mesh
Mesh defines topography/bathymetry
Mesh consists of triangular elements definedby nodes at each corner
Developed using an algorithm that relatesmesh element size to both local bed elevationand local bed gradient
Modified to include detail of the Louisianacoastal region
Mesh contains more than 620,000 nodes
Topography an bathymetry provided bymultiple sources
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Model Mesh
OEA, Inc.
ADCIRC + SWAN Mesh
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Model Mesh
OEA, Inc.
ADCIRC + SWAN Mesh
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Model Mesh (cont.)
Location of Detailed Regions of the Mesh
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Model Calibration
Iterative processes of adjusting modelparameters until model results matchmeasured results within acceptable limits
FEMA defines the acceptable limit as; 10% or less for tidal calibrations
greater under storm conditions due to complexity
For ADCIRC calibration model parameters arebottom friction and lateral eddy viscosity
For SWAN calibration model parameters arebottom friction, white capping and breakingcriteria
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Model Calibration Data
ADCIRC
Water surface elevations
High water marks
SWAN
Wave height
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ADCIRC Model Calibration Data
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ADCIRC Model Calibration Results
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SWAN Model Calibration Data
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SWAN Model Calibration Results
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Tropical Storms & Hurricanes to be
Hindcasted
OEA, Inc.
Storm Year
Not Named 1852
Not Named 1855
Not Named 1856
Not Named 1860
Not Named 1860
Not Named 1860
Not Named 1865
Not Named 1867
Not Named 1879
Not Named 1879
Not Named 1882
Not Named 1886
Not Named 1886
Not Named 1888
Not Named 1893
Not Named 1893Not Named 1897
Not Named 1900
Not Named 1906
Not Named 1909
Not Named 1915
Not Named 1915
Not Named 1916
Not Named 1917
Not Named 1918
Storms that Occurred After 1920Storms that Occurred Before 1920
Storm Year
Not Named 1926
Not Named 1932
Not Named 1940
Not Named 1943
Not Named 1947
Not Named 1949
AUDREY 1957
ETHEL 1960
HILDA 1964
BETSY 1965
CAMILLE 1969
EDITH 1971
CARMEN 1974
FREDERIC 1979
DANNY 1985
ELENA 1985JUAN 1985
ANDREW 1992
GEORGES 1998
LILI 2002
KATRINA 2005
RITA 2005
HUMBERTO 2007
GUSTAV 2008
IKE 2008
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Example Hurricane Hindcast
Hurricane Katrina Wind Fields OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Hurricane Katrina Water Surface Elevations
Example Hurricane Hindcast
OEA, Inc.
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Storm Surge/Wave Force
V Slaming Buoyancy Drag Inertia CAMF = F + F + F + F + F
OEA, Inc.
H Slaming Drag Inertia CAMF F + F + F + F
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Vertical Force on Slab Superstructure
Storm Surge/Wave Force (cont.)
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Vertical Force on Girder Superstructure
Storm Surge/Wave Force (cont.)
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Vertical Force on Submerged Superstructure
Storm Surge/Wave Force (cont.)
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Level III procedure produces significantinformation beyond that needed for surge/waveloads on bridges 100-Year water level, flow, and wave information
at each of the approximately 620,000 nodes inthe model mesh
This information has numerous uses, e.g. Design scour depths at existing and new bridges
Designing erosion/scour protection at bridge
abutments Designing scour protection for coastal roadways
Identifying vulnerable sections of roadways onevacuation routes, etc.
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GIS Database being developed as part of thisstudy
Includes: 100-Year Met/Ocean conditions
Surge/Wave loading on selected coastal bridges
Bridge information for analyzed coastal bridges
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