Date post: | 11-Nov-2014 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | cimmyt-int |
View: | 1,786 times |
Download: | 6 times |
Improving Maize Food Security in
the Hills of Nepal Through
Participatory Variety Selection and
Community Based Seed Production
11th Asian Maize Conference
Nanning, China, 7-11 November 2011
MoAC SDC CIMMYT USAID
• G. Ortiz Ferrara, CIMMYT/HMRP
• N. Gadal, CIMMYT/HMRP
• Dilli KC, CIMMYT/HMRP
• D.B. Gurung, NARC/NMRP
• S. Pokharel, DoA/CDD
(G. [email protected])
Background - Nepal
• Mountainous country
• Population – 29 M
• 88% population live in rural areas
• About 72% engaged in agriculture
• Annual per capita GDP < US$675
• Farm size less than 1 ha
• Average household of 6-8 persons
Maize in Nepal
• Grown in 0.876 m ha, 78% in the hills
• National average yield of 2.2 t/ha
• A staple crop in the hills
• Used almost exclusively as food
…”If there is no maize, there is nothing to eat”
Major Maize Production
Constraints
• Farmers unaware of new maize technologies…..(Extension)
• Limited access to improved
seed…..(Seed Production)
• Poor market opportunities
Agencies Involved in the Seed
Sector of Nepal
Public sector (NARC, DoA, NSC, NSB, etc.)
Community (Cooperatives, CBSP, DISSPRO, CSB)
Private agencies (SEAN, Seed Co., Agrovets)
Importers (open border with India)
Source: S. Pokharel, 2011
Seed Flows Within the Nepal Seed System
Gaps in the Current Nepal Seed System
Supply dominated by
informal seed system
Lack of well equipped
laboratories and trained
manpower
Limited involvement
of the private sector
Weak seed certification system
Insufficient supply of
source seed (BS/FS)
Poor seed storage and processing facilities
Transportation (poor
road infrastructure)
Inadequate food/seed buffer stock
Open border with India
The Hill Maize
Research Program
(HMRP)
MoAC SDC CIMMYT USAID
Strategic Goal
“Farm households in the hills of Nepal, especially of poor and disadvantaged groups, have improved food security and income”
HMRP Target Hill Areas
• 20 Districts
• >35,000 farmers/year
Partners (1999-2011) Government and Non-Government
• MoAC
• NARC
• DoA
• INGOs / NGOs
• Private Entrepreneurs
• Universities
• Donors (SDC, USAID)
• Farmers
Mid- and High Hills
OPVs
CIMMYT-Mexico
Sub-Tropical
Program
OPVs
CIMMYT-Zimbabwe
CIMMYT-Colombia
Other sources
Germplasm Introduction
Multilocation Testing of OPV
Varieties in Nepal
Regression of grain yield (kg ha-1) of Deuti,
Shitala, Mana-3 and Local on to the mean grain
yield of all varieties grown in PVS trials (2002,
2003 and 2004). Source Tiwari, et al. 2005)
Improved Maize Varieties Released
by NMRP/NARC, Nepal (2002-09)
Normal - Released
• Manakamana 3 -2002
• Deuti (ZM 621) -2006
• Shitala (Pop 44) -2006
• Manakamana 4 -2008
• Manakamana-5 (HPW)-2009
• Manakamana-6 (HPY) - 2009
Normal – Pipeline
• Arun-4, Arun-1 EV,
• Res. Composite, others
QPM– Released
• Poshilo Makai-1 - 2008
(S99TLWQ-HG-AB)
QPM – Pipeline
• CorralejoS99SIWQ,
• S99TLYQ-B,
• CelayaS91SIWQ
• S99TLYQ-HGAB
Enhancing Technology Adoption Through
Participatory Variety Selection (PVS)
MOTHER-BABY CONCEPT
Mother
Trial
(E1-E12)
Baby
Trial (E-12+LC)
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial (E-1+LC)
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
Baby
Trial
CONSULTATIVE
COLLABORATIVE
FARMER’S SELECTION
• TRADITIONAL
CULTIVATION
• RECOMMENDED
CROP
MANAGEMENT
LOCAL VARIETY
• TRADITIONAL
CULTIVATION
• RECOMMENDED
CROP
MANAGEMENT
~10 km
2009
2010
SEED
PRODUCTION
(CBSP)
Community Based Seed Production
• Approach to produce seed of farmer’s-preferred varieties selected through PVS
• Managed by the community • Linked with M-B Scheme • More efficient in remote hill areas • Marked oriented in a value chain system • Training, small infrastructure, source seed and linkages to markets essential for it’s sustainability
• Highly effective to meet seed demand gap
Decentralized Source Seed Production
Through CBSP
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20102011(Est)
Tons 14 45 131 259 309 335 405 480 555 664 830 1500
Groups 7 21 16 30 60 64 82 90 141 174 174 250
14 45 131
259 309 335 405
480 555
664
830
1500
7 21 16 30 60 64 82 90 141 174 174
250
Tons Groups
Improved Maize Seed Production Under CBSP
Source: HMRP (1999-2010)
Enough for ~ 75,000 ha at seeding rate of 20 kg/ha * *
*
Meets ~ 30 % of annual seed demand in the hills *
Seed Sold by Devistan Women Farmers Group,
Chhatiwan, Palpa (17 dalit farmers)
Agrovets: Pokhara 1100 kg @ 21= 23100
Syangja 1100 Kg @ 22= 24200
Galyang 200 Kg @ 22= 4400
Tansen 1000 Kg @ 24= 24000
Rampur 25 Kg @ 24= 600
Koldanda 550 Kg @ 25= 13750
Madanpokhara 300 Kg @ 25= 7500
DADO: Palpa 214 Kg @ 24 = 5136
Total 4489 Kg 102,686 Rs.
(US$ 1,604)
Linking Farmers With Traders
Rs.
Evolution of Sindhu-Tuki
CBSP Group, S/Palchowk, Nepal
Farmer
community
Seed grower
farmer groups
Cooperative
Company
2008
2010
2005
2004
Farmers
(seed
producers)
Farmers’
groups &
cooperatives
Traders &
retailers, seed
companies
Farmers
(seed
users)
Membership
fee, fee on
sales
Negotiated
price,
wholesaler price
Market
price
Sustainability, Economics and Marketing of CBSP
Household
revenue,
gross margin
Cost covering
revenue
Commercial
margin
revenue
Affordable
seeds, higher
production
& income
bbbbBbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbHMRP-CIMMYT
Progress Made on Food Security (2007-2009)
N = 21,252 HHs
Source: HMRP 2010
DiscriNon-
dicriPoor
Non-
poorDAG
Non-
DAGTotal
2009/10 7,460 13,792 15,653 5,599 15,653 5,599 21,252
2010/11 18,144 30,895 36,119 12,920 36,119 12,920 49,039
7,4
60
13,7
92
15,6
53
5,5
99
15,6
53
5,5
99
21,2
52
18,1
44
30,8
95
36,1
19
12,9
20
36,1
19
12,9
20
49,0
39
Fig 1: Distribution of HMRP beneficiaries in 2011 (estimated)
Progress Made on Social Inclusion
(2009-2011)
Progress made on Social Inclusion Estimated figures for 2010-11 based
on preliminary partner’s reports *
* Source: HMRP 2011
*
Area and Production Yield (kg/ha)
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Area, ha Production Mt
1421
1625 1681
1800 1906
2210
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: MoAC 2009/10
HMRP
22.7%
Maize Yield Increase Over Years (1985-2010)
*
* In partnership with NMRP, DoA, NGOs, PS, Farmers
Conclusions • Maize…. A strategically important crop in Nepal
• Transfer of technology, seed systems and poor marketing…. important constraints responsible for low maize production
• PVS (M-B)…. An effective strategy to promote the adoption of new technologies by resource-poor farmers
• CBSP…. An efficient approach to meet seed demand gap
• Partnership with farmers…. A key approach to improve food security, livelihoods and social inclusion.
THANK YOU!