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SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCHQUESTION
RESEARCHLOCATION
ARGUMENT
CONCLUSIONS
CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK
LITERATURESEARCH
LITERATUREREVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Topic
ResearchParadigms
Validation
Method
Before
After
Value-adding
Value-adding
Value-adding
SA 452.3A
Conceptualising the Research Process
© Dr Sunil Kumar, Department of Social Policy
RESEARCH QUESTION
Slide show available inPublic Folders | All Public Folders |
Departments | Social Policy |SPPDC ….. | 6 SA 452.3 (a) …………. |
04 Research Question | …
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION
• What is a research question• How does it link to the literature
review and conceptual framework• Link between a research question and
a hypothesis• Types of research questions• Hierarchy of research questions
Learning Outcomes – week 6
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION
A Research Question embodies a gap in the literature. It is a Question or Questions posed so that an answer or answers to it will add knowledge in a particular area or subject
What is a RESEARCH QUESTION
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION
Role of a RESEARCH QUESTION
A research question is the core of the dissertation
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION
Role of a RESEARCH QUESTION
Answering it is the purpose of the dissertation
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION & HYPOTHESIS
RESEARCH QUESTION
andHYPOTHESI
S
The early identification of a Research Question will help in the formulation of a hypothesis
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Definition
What is aHYPOTHESI
S
A hypothesis“ is a proposition which can be put to the test to determine it's validity ”Goode and Hatt, 1952: 56-57
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Definition
InPLAIN
ENGLISH
A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research question•It is a hunch•A possible explanation for a cause
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Definition
Yet again inPLAIN
ENGLISH
A hypothesis is aPOTENTIAL ARGUMENT
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Nature
Nature of aHYPOTHESI
S
A hypothesis“ … may seem contrary to or in accordance with common sense ”Goode and Hatt, 1952: 56-57
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Nature
Nature of aHYPOTHESI
S
A hypothesis“ It may prove to be correct or incorrect ”Goode and Hatt, 1952: 56-57
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Testing
Testing aHYPOTHESI
S
“ In any event, however, it leads to an empirical test ”Goode and Hatt, 1952: 56-57
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Testing
Testing aHYPOTHESI
S
A hypothesisis not held to be true until proven
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Testing
When proven
aHYPOTHESIS becomes
a
THESIS
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Purpose
The purpose of
a HYPOTHESI
S
It's defined purpose is to indicate the direction of the investigation or the research and to suggest what facts are to be collected
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Origins
Some origins of HYPOTHESE
S
•Personal Experience
•As exceptions to accepted theory
•Analogy•Review of the literature
•Research question
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
HYPOTHESIS - Formulation
A well formulated HYPOTHESIS
should
•Contain conceptual clarity
•Avoid subjective referents
•Be specific and precise
•Relate to a body of knowledge
•Relate to the Research question
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS - Difficulties
3Main
difficulties in
formulating HYPOTHESIS
•Phrasing the hypothesis properly
•Absence of a conceptual or theoretical framework
•Not using that theoretical framework logically
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION - Origins
Origins of the
RESEARCH RESEARCH QUESTIONQUESTION
•PRACTICE•THEORY •THEORY & PRACTICE
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION - Types
Types ofRESEARCH RESEARCH QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
•WHAT questions•HOW questions•WHY questions
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION - Types
WHATWHATRESEARCH QUESTIONS
•Tend to be descriptive
•Do not offer explanations
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION - Types
WHYWHYRESEARCH QUESTIONS
•Tend to produce reasons
•Tend to words such as because
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
RESEARCH QUESTION - Types
HOWHOWRESEARCH QUESTIONS
•Tend to suggest outcomes of causes
•Offers insights for practice & policy change
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
LITERATURE REVIEW - 6
Task for
Week
7
Write down your research question and examine it to see if it is aWHAT, HOW or WHY QUESTION
Change its wording to convert it into aWHAT, HOW and WHY QUESTION
SA 452.3A Conceptualising the Research Process, © Dr Sunil Kumar, Social Policy, LSE
TOPICfor Week
7
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
S
RESEARCHQUESTION
RESEARCHLOCATION
ARGUMENT
CONCLUSIONS
CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK
LITERATURESEARCH
LITERATUREREVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Topic
ResearchParadigms
Validation
Method
Before
After
Value-adding
Value-adding
Value-adding
SA 452.3A
Conceptualising the Research Process© Dr Sunil Kumar, Department of Social Policy