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sabari pppt

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    Guided by Sabari S KumarMr. Mitra DC S7C3

    Sr. Lecturer 17332

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    PRODUCTION OF NATURAL SAND

    Disintegration of rocks by natural agents.

    Transportation and deposition.

    Mining from such deposits.

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    PRODUCTION OF MANUFACTURED SAND

    Suitable rocks are selected.

    Rocks are crushed to required sizes.

    Sieved to segregate different sizes.

    Shaped and washed properly using

    sophisticated machinery.

    Particle sizes blended together to

    obtain exact gradings.

    Materials are ready for marketing.

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    BARMAC

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    ROTOPACTOR

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    IMPORTANT USES OF SAND

    As fine aggregate for concrete.

    As aggregates for bituminous road surfacing.

    As grading constituent of earth for subgrade

    preparation of highways.

    For grading the soil for preparing agricultural fields.

    Industrial uses in manufacturing processes.

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    REQUIRED QUALITIES OF SAND USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

    Grading

    Hardness

    Shape

    Strength and soundness

    Deleterious material content

    Chemical impurities

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    Grading limits for fine aggregate

    (IS: 383/1970)

    IS sieve

    designation Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV

    10mm 100 100 100 100

    4.75mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100

    2.36mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100

    1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100

    600microns 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100

    300microns 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50

    150microns 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15

    Percentage passing

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    NECESSITY OF MANUFACTURED SAND

    Sand mining has deepened the sandy beds of

    sub mountainous and plain tracks of all the riversby almost 3.5 to 4.0m.This phenomenon has

    destroyed the permanent regime parameters ofthe entire river coarses.

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    MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

    Regime wetted perimeter

    Regime flood flow depth

    Regime grade/size of the bed material

    HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS

    Regime hydraulic gradient of flood flow

    Regime flood flow velocity

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    HAZARDS OF SAND MINING

    Erosion of banks and beds.

    Silting up at unwanted places of

    river coarses.

    Retention of floods for longer

    periods.

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    Rendering the intake arrangements of

    many irrigation and watersupply

    projects.

    Recession of water table to

    unallowable depth below general

    rootzone.

    Damages to wells and other

    underwater sources.

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    SUITABILITY OF NATURAL SAND ANDMANUFACTURED SAND

    River sand may not conform to all the requirements

    and may have to be improved in quality forscientific use. Improvements by washing, grading,blending may have to be done before use, at the

    consumers end.

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    COMPARISION BETWEEN RIVER SAND ANDMANUFACTURED SAND

    River sand Manufactured sand

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    STRENGTH TESTS RESULTS

    No Proportion Strength with

    River sand

    N/mm^2

    Strength with

    manuf: sand

    N/mm^2

    Increase in

    strength

    %

    1 1:2:4:0 17.67 31.00 75.44

    2 1:2:1:3 15.34 27.40 78.62

    3 1:1:4:1 12.67 22.73 79.40

    4 1:2:3:1 19.67 31.66 60.96

    5 1:2:4:1 18.36 28.10 53.05

    6 1:2:2:2 15.00 27.66 84.40.

    7 1:1:3:2 21.00 28.30 34.76

    a. Concrete block

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    No Proportion Strength with

    River sand

    N/mm^2

    Strength with

    manuf: sand

    N/mm^2

    Increase in

    strength

    %

    1 1:4 11.67 12.93 10.80

    2 1:6 7.67 9.60 25.16

    3 1:8 3.00 5.13 71.00

    4 1:10 2.86 5.00 74.83

    b. Mortar blocks

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    QUALITY CONTROL OF MANUFACTURED SAND

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    USE OF MANUFACTURED SAND IN VARIOUSCOUNTRIES

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    CONCLUSION

    Ecological problems of sand mining.

    Necessity for an alternative.

    Awareness of manufactured sand and its

    qualities.

    Requirements of construction industries.

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