SACHAR COMMITTEE REPORT ON

SACHAR COMMITTEE SACHAR COMMITTEE REPORT REPORT

ON ON

Social, Economic and Educational Social, Economic and Educational status of the Muslim Community of status of the Muslim Community of

IndiaIndia

A Summary of major Findings and Some ObservationsA Summary of major Findings and Some Observations

AUSAF AHMADAUSAF AHMAD

Kolkata Kolkata Feb 24, 2006Feb 24, 2006

APPOINTMENT AND APPOINTMENT AND COMPOSITION OF HLCCOMPOSITION OF HLC

A HLC was appointed by the Prime Minister through a A HLC was appointed by the Prime Minister through a notification issued by his office on March 09, 2005 to notification issued by his office on March 09, 2005 to prepare a report on social, economic and educational prepare a report on social, economic and educational status of Muslim community of India.status of Muslim community of India.

The HLC included the following:The HLC included the following:

1.1. Justice Rajender SacharJustice Rajender Sachar

2.2. Mr. Saiyid HamidMr. Saiyid Hamid

3.3. Mr. M.A. BasithMr. M.A. Basith

4.4. Dr. Rakesh BasantDr. Rakesh Basant

5.5. Dr. Akhtar MajeedDr. Akhtar Majeed

6.6. Dr. Abu Saleh Sharif Member SecretaryDr. Abu Saleh Sharif Member Secretary

In Which states, Districts, Blocks do Muslims In Which states, Districts, Blocks do Muslims livelive

Geographical pattern of economic activityGeographical pattern of economic activity Asset base and Income levelsAsset base and Income levels Levels of socio economic developmentLevels of socio economic development Educational Progress, Literacy rates, drop out Educational Progress, Literacy rates, drop out

ratios etc. ratios etc. Relative Share in Public and Private sector Relative Share in Public and Private sector

employmentemployment Proportion of OBC in Muslim community and Proportion of OBC in Muslim community and

their problems. their problems.

TERMS OF REFERENCETERMS OF REFERENCE

SUBMISSION OF THE SUBMISSION OF THE REPORTREPORT

Presented to the Prime Minister on Presented to the Prime Minister on 17 Nov. 2006. 17 Nov. 2006.

Tabled in the Lok Sabha on 30Tabled in the Lok Sabha on 30thth Nov. Nov. 2006.2006.

An Action Report would be tabled An Action Report would be tabled probably in the Budget session. probably in the Budget session.

The report is spread to 403 pages in The report is spread to 403 pages in 12 Chapters. Main report is up to 12 Chapters. Main report is up to P.254. Supporting material is P.254. Supporting material is presented in the statistical presented in the statistical appendices. appendices.

Sources Of Data and Sources Of Data and InformationInformation

Census of India 2001Census of India 2001 National Sample Survey, Round 61National Sample Survey, Round 61 Reserve Bank of IndiaReserve Bank of India NABARD, SIDBI, NMDFC, NABARD, SIDBI, NMDFC, Data from government Data from government

commissions and other government commissions and other government organizations such as Backward organizations such as Backward classes Commission and NCAERTclasses Commission and NCAERT

WARNINGS !WARNINGS !

It is a Statistical Report. Should be It is a Statistical Report. Should be interpreted with care.interpreted with care.

Statistical Statements are measures Statistical Statements are measures of tendency and not of the facts.of tendency and not of the facts.

The findings may lead to self pity.The findings may lead to self pity. It may also lead to complacency: It may also lead to complacency:

The government will do some thing. The government will do some thing.

ESTABLISHED FACTSESTABLISHED FACTS

Relative Social and Economic Relative Social and Economic backwardness of Indian Muslims is well backwardness of Indian Muslims is well established through:established through:

HLC (Sachar Committee) 2006HLC (Sachar Committee) 2006 Gopal Singh Panel 1983Gopal Singh Panel 1983 Research Studies Ahmad (1992), Research Studies Ahmad (1992),

Khalidi(1993), Zakaria (1994) etc Khalidi(1993), Zakaria (1994) etc Studies published by the IOS (1980s) Studies published by the IOS (1980s)

HLC is not the first to bring out such HLC is not the first to bring out such findings. Some have said it is old wine findings. Some have said it is old wine in new bottlein new bottle

QUALITATIVE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS AND ANALYSIS AND PERCEPTIONSPERCEPTIONS

Discussions with Muslim groups and Discussions with Muslim groups and intellectuals. The Chapter is based intellectuals. The Chapter is based on the Perceptions of the Muslim on the Perceptions of the Muslim Community. Community.

The Non implementation of several The Non implementation of several earlier commissions and committees earlier commissions and committees has made Muslim community wary has made Muslim community wary of any new initiatives.of any new initiatives.


Markers of Muslims identity : Beard, Markers of Muslims identity : Beard, topi, Burqatopi, Burqa, ,

Markers of Muslim identity while Markers of Muslim identity while adding to the distinctiveness of adding to the distinctiveness of Indian Muslims have been a cause of Indian Muslims have been a cause of concern for them in the Public Realm. concern for them in the Public Realm.

Denominational institutions were not Denominational institutions were not supposed to be only option available. supposed to be only option available.


For large number of Muslim women in For large number of Muslim women in India today the safe space is within the India today the safe space is within the boundaries of her home and communityboundaries of her home and community

Police high handedness: “Whenever any Police high handedness: “Whenever any incident occurs, Muslim boys are picked incident occurs, Muslim boys are picked up by the Police.” “Every bearded person up by the Police.” “Every bearded person is considered an ISI Agent” etc. is considered an ISI Agent” etc.

Migration and Ghetto-isation. Migration and Ghetto-isation.

POPULATION: POPULATION: SIZE, SIZE, DISTRIBUTION AND HEALTH DISTRIBUTION AND HEALTH

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

CENSUS 2001: Muslim population: CENSUS 2001: Muslim population: 138 million, Estimate for 2006 138 million, Estimate for 2006 150 million150 million

Population growth has been high Population growth has been high for all major religious minorities. for all major religious minorities.

The rise in the share of Muslims in The rise in the share of Muslims in total population has been less total population has been less than one point a decade in the than one point a decade in the previous four decades. previous four decades.

POPULATION: POPULATION: SIZE, SIZE, DISTRIBUTION AND HEALTH DISTRIBUTION AND HEALTH

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

There has been a decline in the There has been a decline in the Growth Rate of Muslims in 1991-2001Growth Rate of Muslims in 1991-2001

Of 593 districts, 9 districts show more Of 593 districts, 9 districts show more 75% concentration of Muslims. Muslim 75% concentration of Muslims. Muslim population ranges between 1-10% or population ranges between 1-10% or more in 458 districts.more in 458 districts.

Muslim population is younger with Muslim population is younger with better sex ratio than other CRGs. Why? better sex ratio than other CRGs. Why? More research required on the issue. More research required on the issue.

POPULATION: SIZE, POPULATION: SIZE, DISTRIBUTION AND DISTRIBUTION AND

HEALTH CONDITIONSHEALTH CONDITIONS Muslim population is also Muslim population is also

predominantly rural but the level of predominantly rural but the level of Urbanization is higher than the Urbanization is higher than the population as a whole.population as a whole.

Infant and childhood mortality rates Infant and childhood mortality rates are slightly lower than the average.are slightly lower than the average.

Life expectancy for Muslims is Life expectancy for Muslims is higher than the average by about higher than the average by about one year.one year.


HEALTH CONDITIONSHEALTH CONDITIONS There has been a large decline in fertility There has been a large decline in fertility

in all CRGs including the Muslims.in all CRGs including the Muslims. Muslim fertility rates are a little higher in Muslim fertility rates are a little higher in

some states and in some states it falls some states and in some states it falls within the same range.within the same range.

Muslim Child experiences a significantly Muslim Child experiences a significantly higher risk of being underweight than a higher risk of being underweight than a child belonging to other CRGs. child belonging to other CRGs.

More chances of Malnutrition. More chances of Malnutrition.


HEALTH CONDITIONSHEALTH CONDITIONS Couples take decisions on fertility in Couples take decisions on fertility in

their own interests rather than for their own interests rather than for raising community’s share in the raising community’s share in the population. population.

Muslim population growth has slowed Muslim population growth has slowed down, as fertility has declined down, as fertility has declined substantially clearly showing that substantially clearly showing that Muslims are well into a demographic Muslims are well into a demographic transition. transition.

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS OF INDIAN CONDITIONS OF INDIAN

MUSLIMSMUSLIMS Data analyzed have been obtained from Data analyzed have been obtained from

Census 2001Census 2001 The literacy rates among Muslims in The literacy rates among Muslims in

2001 were below national average. 2001 were below national average. The gap between Muslim and general The gap between Muslim and general

literacy rates are higher in Urban areas literacy rates are higher in Urban areas and among women. [In rural areas, both and among women. [In rural areas, both Muslims and non-Muslims are illiterates.]Muslims and non-Muslims are illiterates.]

Muslims Literacy rates are much lower Muslims Literacy rates are much lower than General and Other minorities but than General and Other minorities but almost equal to SC/ STalmost equal to SC/ ST


MUSLIMSMUSLIMS A comparison across SRGs reveals A comparison across SRGs reveals

consistently lower levels of Mean years consistently lower levels of Mean years of schooling for the Muslim community. of schooling for the Muslim community.

It is satisfactory to note that enrollment It is satisfactory to note that enrollment rations have risen lately. The increase rations have risen lately. The increase in enrollment has been highest among in enrollment has been highest among SC/ ST followed by Muslims. SC/ ST followed by Muslims.

As many 25% of Muslim Children in 6-As many 25% of Muslim Children in 6-14 age groups have either never 14 age groups have either never attended a school or have dropped out. attended a school or have dropped out.


MUSLIMSMUSLIMS Attainment levels of Muslims are close Attainment levels of Muslims are close

to or slightly higher than those of SC/ to or slightly higher than those of SC/ ST but much lower than those of other ST but much lower than those of other CRGs. CRGs.

Primary education is the main hurdle.: Primary education is the main hurdle.: Inverse Pyramid HypothesisInverse Pyramid Hypothesis

Drop out rates are higher at Primary, Drop out rates are higher at Primary, secondary, and higher level than other secondary, and higher level than other CRGs. CRGs.


MUSLIMSMUSLIMS Setting up of JNVs in rural areas Setting up of JNVs in rural areas

was expected to reduce supply was expected to reduce supply side constraints on good and side constraints on good and quality education …Muslim quality education …Muslim participation is not satisfactory.participation is not satisfactory.

Technical training should be Technical training should be provided even to those who have provided even to those who have not completed schooling. not completed schooling.

Economy and Economy and EmploymentEmployment

Low Work Participation ratio for men and Low Work Participation ratio for men and womenwomen

Worker Population ratio for Muslim women are Worker Population ratio for Muslim women are lowest among all CRGs.: A larger proportion of lowest among all CRGs.: A larger proportion of Muslim women are non-workers. Muslim women are non-workers.

High Share of Muslim workers engaged in self High Share of Muslim workers engaged in self employment. Also in Urban areas and for employment. Also in Urban areas and for women.women.

Participation of Muslim workers in salaried Participation of Muslim workers in salaried jobs (both public and private Sectors) is quite jobs (both public and private Sectors) is quite lowlow


A significantly large proportion of Muslim A significantly large proportion of Muslim workers are engaged in SSE (proprietary workers are engaged in SSE (proprietary ownership)ownership)

Muslim Participation in the formal sector Muslim Participation in the formal sector employment is significantly less than the employment is significantly less than the national averagenational average

Percentage of Muslim women workers Percentage of Muslim women workers undertaking work in their homes (70%) is undertaking work in their homes (70%) is much larger than for all workers (51%).much larger than for all workers (51%).


Share of Muslim workers engaged in Share of Muslim workers engaged in Agriculture is much lower than for Agriculture is much lower than for other groupsother groups

Participation of Muslims in Participation of Muslims in traditional manufacturing and crafts traditional manufacturing and crafts is high. is high.

Among the non manufacturing retail Among the non manufacturing retail and wholesale trade has a large and wholesale trade has a large proportion of Muslim presence. proportion of Muslim presence.


Apparel, Auto repair and Electrical Apparel, Auto repair and Electrical machinery are important for Muslims.machinery are important for Muslims.

Participation of Muslims in security Participation of Muslims in security related activities [Police, Army, Jail] is related activities [Police, Army, Jail] is considerably lower than their share in considerably lower than their share in population. population.

Bidi Workers, tailors, and mechanics Bidi Workers, tailors, and mechanics need to provided with safety nets and need to provided with safety nets and social security. social security.


The participation of Muslims in The participation of Muslims in professional and managerial professional and managerial cadre is low.cadre is low.

Muslim workers are vulnerable Muslim workers are vulnerable with no written contracts and lack with no written contracts and lack of social security measures. of social security measures.

Muslim workers get lower daily Muslim workers get lower daily earning than other CRGs. earning than other CRGs.


Among Urban male workers, the Among Urban male workers, the probability of Muslim workers taking probability of Muslim workers taking up regular work is the lowest while up regular work is the lowest while that of SC/ ST worker is the highest.that of SC/ ST worker is the highest.

Improvement requires skill Improvement requires skill development and flow of credit in development and flow of credit in those sectors and regions in which those sectors and regions in which Muslim employment is concentrated. Muslim employment is concentrated.

ACCESS TO BANK ACCESS TO BANK CREDITCREDIT Iniquitous access to public and private Iniquitous access to public and private

banking institutions across SRGs can banking institutions across SRGs can perpetuate disparities.perpetuate disparities.

Share of Muslims on Amount Share of Muslims on Amount Outstanding is only 4.7% against 6.5% Outstanding is only 4.7% against 6.5% for other minoritiesfor other minorities

On average, the amount outstanding On average, the amount outstanding per account is half of that of other per account is half of that of other minorities. minorities.

ACCESS TO BANK ACCESS TO BANK CREDITCREDIT RBI efforts under 15 point program to RBI efforts under 15 point program to

extend banking facilities benefited only extend banking facilities benefited only other minorities marginalizing Muslims.other minorities marginalizing Muslims.

The share of Muslims in deposit account The share of Muslims in deposit account is also much lower than their population is also much lower than their population share. share.

Comment: Extent of Bank Use and Credit Comment: Extent of Bank Use and Credit Worthiness, Recent decisions of the RBIWorthiness, Recent decisions of the RBI

ACCESS TO SOCIAL AND ACCESS TO SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL PHYSICAL

INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE There are noteworthy differentials There are noteworthy differentials

in the availability, accessibility in the availability, accessibility and utilization of infrastructure and utilization of infrastructure across SRGs. across SRGs.

Inverse relationship between Inverse relationship between prop. of Muslim population and prop. of Muslim population and availability of educational availability of educational infrastructure in small villages. infrastructure in small villages.


INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE Muslim concentration villages are Muslim concentration villages are

not well served with asphalted not well served with asphalted approach roads and local bus stopsapproach roads and local bus stops

Concentration of Muslims in states Concentration of Muslims in states with poor infrastructure (Assam, with poor infrastructure (Assam, Bihar, Jharkand, UP. WB) implies that Bihar, Jharkand, UP. WB) implies that a large portion of the community a large portion of the community without access to basic facilities. without access to basic facilities.


INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE In both, Urban and rural areas, In both, Urban and rural areas,

the proportion of Muslim the proportion of Muslim households living in Pakka houses households living in Pakka houses is lower than the total population.is lower than the total population.

Over all, the access of Muslims to Over all, the access of Muslims to toilets is low but better than that toilets is low but better than that of both SC/ST and OBCs. of both SC/ST and OBCs.


INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE Compared to the Muslim majority areas, Compared to the Muslim majority areas,

the areas with low Muslims the areas with low Muslims concentration, had better roads, sewage concentration, had better roads, sewage and drainage and water facilities. and drainage and water facilities.

About a third of small villages with high About a third of small villages with high concentration of Muslims do not have concentration of Muslims do not have any educational institution.any educational institution.

About 40% of large villages with Muslim About 40% of large villages with Muslim concentration do not have any medical concentration do not have any medical facility. facility.

POVERTY, CONSUMPTION POVERTY, CONSUMPTION AND STANDARD OF AND STANDARD OF

LIVINGLIVING A substantially larger proportion of the A substantially larger proportion of the

Muslim households in Urban areas are Muslim households in Urban areas are in the less than Rs 500 bracket.in the less than Rs 500 bracket.

Inequality is higher in Urban areas Inequality is higher in Urban areas than in the rural areas. than in the rural areas.

Incidence of poverty is found to be Incidence of poverty is found to be highest amongst Muslims. SC/ ST highest amongst Muslims. SC/ ST occupy next position. occupy next position.

Economic conditions of Muslims in Economic conditions of Muslims in Urban areas did not improve as those Urban areas did not improve as those of SC/STof SC/ST

GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND EMPLOYMENT AND

PROGAMSPROGAMS In a pluralistic society, a In a pluralistic society, a

reasonable representation of reasonable representation of various communities in various communities in government sector employment government sector employment is necessary to enhance is necessary to enhance participatory governance. participatory governance.

Presence of Muslims: I.A.S. 3%, Presence of Muslims: I.A.S. 3%, IFS 1.8%, IPS 4% [Data on P.105]IFS 1.8%, IPS 4% [Data on P.105]


PROGAMSPROGAMS Muslims constituted 4.9 % of Muslims constituted 4.9 % of

candidates who appeared in the candidates who appeared in the written examination of Civil Services written examination of Civil Services in the year 2003 and 2004in the year 2003 and 2004

There is no diversion between all There is no diversion between all candidates and Muslim candidates in candidates and Muslim candidates in percentages of those recommended percentages of those recommended for interviews and appointments. for interviews and appointments.


PROGAMSPROGAMS Share of Muslims in employment Share of Muslims in employment

in various departments is in various departments is abysmally low at all levels. abysmally low at all levels.

Muslims have a representation of Muslims have a representation of only 4.5% in Indian Railways. only 4.5% in Indian Railways. Almost all (98.79%) of them are Almost all (98.79%) of them are at lower levels. at lower levels.

Share of Muslims in Security Jobs Share of Muslims in Security Jobs is around 4%.is around 4%.


PROGAMSPROGAMS In no State does the representation In no State does the representation

of Muslims in the government of Muslims in the government departments match their population departments match their population share.share.

Muslim Share in Education Muslim Share in Education Department 6.5%, in Home Department 6.5%, in Home Department 7.3%. Over all share of Department 7.3%. Over all share of Muslims as police constables is only Muslims as police constables is only 6%6%


PROGAMSPROGAMS Muslim Shares:Muslim Shares: Health Departments 4.4%Health Departments 4.4% Transport Department 6.5%Transport Department 6.5% Muslim representation in Judiciary: A source of Muslim representation in Judiciary: A source of

concernconcern Share of Muslims in recent recruitments by Share of Muslims in recent recruitments by

State Public Service Commission 2.1%State Public Service Commission 2.1% The share of Muslims as beneficiaries in The share of Muslims as beneficiaries in

government programs in U.P. ranges between government programs in U.P. ranges between 3-14 % which is far less than their share in the 3-14 % which is far less than their share in the number number

of poor in the State 24% of poor in the State 24%

MUSLIM OBC and MUSLIM OBC and Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action

On the question of backward classes On the question of backward classes among non-Hindus, the court held among non-Hindus, the court held that they should be identified on the that they should be identified on the basis of their traditional occupations.basis of their traditional occupations.

The Census of India 1901 had The Census of India 1901 had identified 133 Muslim social groups identified 133 Muslim social groups reflecting social stratification reflecting social stratification amongst Indian Muslims. amongst Indian Muslims.


Muslim OBC come from the non-Muslim OBC come from the non-ashraf category.ashraf category.

The conference on Muslim OBC The conference on Muslim OBC agreed that Muslims are a agreed that Muslims are a differentiated group and policy differentiated group and policy initiatives must reflect it. initiatives must reflect it.

The Mandal commission declared The Mandal commission declared 82 groups among Muslims as part 82 groups among Muslims as part of the OBC. of the OBC.


Kerala and Karnataka extended Kerala and Karnataka extended reservation to their entire Muslim reservation to their entire Muslim populationpopulation

Havanur Commission, 1972 Havanur Commission, 1972 recommended a separate category recommended a separate category reservation for minorities – 6%reservation for minorities – 6%

In Kerala, a separate Muslim share In Kerala, a separate Muslim share was fixed at 10% later raised to was fixed at 10% later raised to 12%. 12%.


Tamil Nadu Government has done Tamil Nadu Government has done away with reservation on ground away with reservation on ground of religion, yet nearly 95% of the of religion, yet nearly 95% of the Muslims have been in included in Muslims have been in included in the fold of Backward classes.the fold of Backward classes.

Present situation of Reservation Present situation of Reservation for Muslims [ See Table 10.1 p. for Muslims [ See Table 10.1 p. 198]198]


There are many OBC groups There are many OBC groups irrespective of their religion that are irrespective of their religion that are present in the state list but missing present in the state list but missing in the central list.in the central list.

The highest proportion of Muslims The highest proportion of Muslims declared as ST is found in declared as ST is found in Lakshadweep where Muslim Lakshadweep where Muslim constitute entire ST Population constitute entire ST Population [99.74%][99.74%]


Unemployment rates were the highest Unemployment rates were the highest among Muslim OBCs as compared to among Muslim OBCs as compared to the other two SRGs within OBC the other two SRGs within OBC category.category.

Within the formal sector, the share of Within the formal sector, the share of Muslim OBC in the government /PSU Muslim OBC in the government /PSU jobs was much lower than those of jobs was much lower than those of Hindu OBC and Muslim-Gen categories. Hindu OBC and Muslim-Gen categories.


The bulk of women in all SRG work in The bulk of women in all SRG work in their own dwellings. However, the their own dwellings. However, the proportion of Muslim OBC Women proportion of Muslim OBC Women working within their dwellings is working within their dwellings is much higher.much higher.

Out of every 100 workers, about 11 Out of every 100 workers, about 11 are Hindu OBC, only three are are Hindu OBC, only three are Muslim-general and one is Muslim Muslim-general and one is Muslim OBC. OBC.


The abysmally low representation The abysmally low representation of Muslim OBC suggests that of Muslim OBC suggests that benefits of entitlements mean for benefits of entitlements mean for backward classes did not reach backward classes did not reach them.them.

The conditions of Muslim –G are The conditions of Muslim –G are also lower than the Hindu OBC who also lower than the Hindu OBC who have the benefit of reservation. have the benefit of reservation.

Leveraging Community Leveraging Community Initiatives: WaqfInitiatives: Waqf

Encroachment by the State who is the Encroachment by the State who is the custodian of the Waqf interests is common custodian of the Waqf interests is common across the country.across the country.

The management of the Waqf board is The management of the Waqf board is unsatisfactory due to inadequate unsatisfactory due to inadequate empowerment of State Waqf Boards and empowerment of State Waqf Boards and Central Waqf Council. Central Waqf Council.

New institutional support is New institutional support is recommended. recommended.

Non implementation of RecommendationsNon implementation of Recommendations

Leveraging Community Leveraging Community Initiatives: WaqfInitiatives: Waqf

Case Study of Delhi:Case Study of Delhi:– A number of properties acquired A number of properties acquired

without compensation.without compensation.– Delhi Waqf Board has effectively Delhi Waqf Board has effectively

been deprived of the use of its been deprived of the use of its valuable properties.valuable properties.

– Legislative, Administrative and Legislative, Administrative and Judicial reforms required. Judicial reforms required.

Looking Ahead: Looking Ahead: RecommendationsRecommendations

While there is considerable variation in While there is considerable variation in the conditions of Muslims across states the conditions of Muslims across states the community exhibits deficits and the community exhibits deficits and deprivation in practically all dimensions of deprivation in practically all dimensions of development.development.

Mechanism to ensure equity and equality Mechanism to ensure equity and equality of opportunity to bring about inclusion of opportunity to bring about inclusion should be such that diversity is achieved should be such that diversity is achieved and at the same time, the perception of and at the same time, the perception of discrimination is eliminated. discrimination is eliminated.


National Data Bank to restore socio National Data Bank to restore socio economic data on SRGeconomic data on SRG

Assessment and Monitoring AuthorityAssessment and Monitoring Authority Strengthen the Legal basis to remove Strengthen the Legal basis to remove

discrimination.discrimination. Equal Opportunity Commission to look Equal Opportunity Commission to look

into grievances. into grievances. Elimination of anomalies with respect Elimination of anomalies with respect

to reserved constituencies.to reserved constituencies.


Continuous Revision and Monitoring of Continuous Revision and Monitoring of text books.text books.

UGC may directed to link the UGC may directed to link the disbursement of its funds to diversity of disbursement of its funds to diversity of population.population.

Alternate admission criteria for the ‘Most Alternate admission criteria for the ‘Most Backward’ in all CRG 60% weight to Backward’ in all CRG 60% weight to merit and 40% to backwardness (13% to merit and 40% to backwardness (13% to income, 13% backward district, 14% to income, 13% backward district, 14% to backward classes).backward classes).

Hostel facilities at reasonable cost to Hostel facilities at reasonable cost to minorities.minorities.


Teachers training to be made compulsoryTeachers training to be made compulsory State is required to run Urdu Medium State is required to run Urdu Medium

Schools. Schools. Workout mechanism whereby Workout mechanism whereby MadarsahsMadarsahs

could be linked with higher secondary could be linked with higher secondary boards. boards.

Recognition of Recognition of Madarsah Madarsah degrees for degrees for competitive exams.competitive exams.

Promoting and enhancing access to Muslims Promoting and enhancing access to Muslims in priority sectors. in priority sectors.

Policy initiatives required. Policy initiatives required.

WHERE DO WE GO WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?FROM HERE?

ReservationReservation Special programs and affirmative actionSpecial programs and affirmative action

– Special Urdu Medium Schools in Muslim Special Urdu Medium Schools in Muslim dominated areasdominated areas

– Diversity Index, Special admission formula, Diversity Index, Special admission formula, Linking grants to diversity index. Linking grants to diversity index.

– Equal Opportunity CommissionEqual Opportunity Commission Special community action has to be Special community action has to be

based on the Correct understanding of based on the Correct understanding of the situation and underlying social the situation and underlying social dynamics. dynamics.

IMPORTANT MISSING IMPORTANT MISSING FACTORSFACTORS

mind set …Communal identities mind set …Communal identities and communal attitudesand communal attitudes

Communal rioting and Security Communal rioting and Security ConcernsConcerns

Historical factors:Historical factors: Partition and its aftermathPartition and its aftermath Zamindari AbolitionZamindari Abolition

FRAMEWORK OF FRAMEWORK OF CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE CAUSATIONCAUSATION

Fear PsychosisFear Psychosis

Majority aggressive-Majority aggressive- Minority Minority NessNess

ConsciousnessConsciousness

Minority SeparatismMinority Separatism

A SUGGESTED A SUGGESTED STRATEGYSTRATEGY

Protection of IdentityProtection of Identity Pursuit of ExcellencePursuit of Excellence Self help and Cooperative Self help and Cooperative

effortsefforts Enlightened LeadershipEnlightened Leadership

PROTECTION OF PROTECTION OF IDENTITYIDENTITY

Articles 25 and 26 of the constitution Articles 25 and 26 of the constitution guarantee preservation of Minority guarantee preservation of Minority Character. Character.

Protection of Muslim identityProtection of Muslim identity Inculcation of Islamic valuesInculcation of Islamic values Who is better in speech than the one who Who is better in speech than the one who

calls to God, works in righteousness and calls to God, works in righteousness and says, “ I am the one of those who bow in says, “ I am the one of those who bow in Islam (41:33)Islam (41:33)

Hikmah (Farasat al Momin) Hikmah (Farasat al Momin) : Cooperation : Cooperation and not confrontation. and not confrontation.

PURSUIT OF PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCEEXCELLENCE Pursuit of Excellence can break the vicious Pursuit of Excellence can break the vicious

circle though it may be a tall order.circle though it may be a tall order. It has to pervade all walks of life.It has to pervade all walks of life. A minority can not afford to be mediocre.A minority can not afford to be mediocre. Pursuit of Excellence has to be inculcated Pursuit of Excellence has to be inculcated

as a value from the very childhood. as a value from the very childhood. Excellence is the result of hard work and Excellence is the result of hard work and

positive frame of mind. positive frame of mind.

SELF HELP AND SELF HELP AND COOPERATIVE COOPERATIVE

EFFORTSEFFORTS Verily never will God change the Verily never will God change the

condition of a people until they change condition of a people until they change it themselves [ 13:11]it themselves [ 13:11]

Help ye one another in righteousness Help ye one another in righteousness and piety but help ye not another in and piety but help ye not another in sin and rancor. [ 5:2].sin and rancor. [ 5:2].

The social life of Muslims in India could The social life of Muslims in India could be transformed through self help and be transformed through self help and cooperation.cooperation.

Muslim NGOs could also be helpful in Muslim NGOs could also be helpful in this context. this context.

ENLIGHTENED ENLIGHTENED LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP

Reconstruction requires sustained Reconstruction requires sustained effort, persistence, hard work and effort, persistence, hard work and foresight.foresight.

Vision for futureVision for future Micro approach.Micro approach. Abstaining from narrow and Parochial Abstaining from narrow and Parochial

political gains. political gains. Spread of success story and change of Spread of success story and change of

mind set. mind set.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

In the End, you are invited to praise In the End, you are invited to praise Thy Lord, the Sustainer of the Thy Lord, the Sustainer of the worlds. worlds.

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