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FIRST AID
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First aid
First aid is the immediate care to a personwho injured or suddenly becomes ill .
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The principle aims of first aid
To care for life threatening condition To minimize infection. To make the victim as comfortable as possible and
to conserve strength To arrange for transport the victim to a medical
facility, when necessary.
In the first aid the following obligations are also met
: Moral Legal Economic
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Victim assessment stage
primary survey checking for andcontrolling life threatening
secondary survey checking for andstabilizing injuries or illness notthreatening
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Life Threatening Emergency Survey( primary survey )
The ABCs are emergencies
immediately threatening to life:
Airway Breathing
Circulation & bleeding.
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State of consciousness: establish responsiveness
check pupils
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Arrested or abnormal breathing :
observe chest and feel for exhaled air at
mouth and nose as appropriate : clear or open the airway
perform artificial ventilation seal chest wounds stabililize flail chest
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flail chest
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Arrested or abnormal pulse :
check carotid pulse if none , provide CPR if rapid and weak , anticipate shock elevate
patient's legs ( if there are no head or chest
injuries), maintain body temperature
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external bleeding observe for indication of external bleeding use direct pressure dress and bandage wound preserve avulsed parts. dont replace exposed organ dont remove penetrating objects
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg8/14/2019 SAED ALLAWAMA [email protected]
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Internal bleeding and shock
observe skin color , temperature andpupils
place in shock position , and maintainbody temperature
check for and eliminate cause if possible
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Survey of problem not threatening to life secondary survey
Skull injury or brain damage: Observe for confusion, unresponsiveness,
unconsciousness. Check to see that pupils of the eye function
together and are the same size. Observe for laceration and contusions about the
face and scalp; dont move the head any morethan is absolutely necessary.
Feel gently for depressions in the skull.
Look for fluid or blood from ears or nose. If there is evidence of skull injury or brain damage,
suspect a neck (spinal cord) injury.
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Spinal cord injury: Ask the patient if he can move his arms
and legs.
Touch the arms and the legs and ask thevictim if he feels the touch If the victim is unconscious, assume there
is a spine injury.
Splint the spine as appropriate
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Fractures, dislocations, and wounds:
Observe obvious wound and deformities(including a leg turn out or in ).
Ask the victim if he feels tenderness or painin any area.
Straighten angulated fractures of longbones except the spine. Immobilize all fractures or dislocations as
appropriate.
Dont replace protruding bones. Dress and bandage all open wounds
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