Safety Compass Compass in April, 2016(Eng... · 2019. 10. 29. · 5 Safety Compass (2016.04)...

Safety Compass (2016.04)

(2016.04)

Vol.30

Vision

We make your cargo valuable and deliver a better tomorrow.

Mission

HI2020—The winning & Creating Pioneer

Safety Compass

Focus on This Month : Countermeasures against dense fog season

From March to May is the season of dense fog. Especially in April and May is the month the number of

occurrences frequently. In contrast learn safe navigation tips will have the time to raise safety awareness

through the incidents.

Contents

◇ COLREGs (RULE 13 OVERTAKING)

◇ Housekeeping in the workplace

► Meaning of housekeeping

► Relations with disaster

► Efficiency of operations

► Housekeeping in the workplace

► How to proceed about housekeeping

◇ PSC NEWS

► Current state of detention in TOKYO MOU-1Q

◇ Control of Alcohol

► Permitted level of alcohol in blood

► Prohibition of drinking and working under the

influence of alcohol

► Store and control

◇ [Illustration] Total Commitment of

Captain “Na Choi Go” to Safe Sailing

► Risk of Personal Death or Injury while Work-ing on Retrieval of Head Line

► Actual accident case

◇ Allergy rhinitis

► Definition of allergy rhinitis

► Cause and symptom of allergy rhinitis

► Treatment of allergy rhinitis

► A true understanding of common saying for health

2


Countermeasures against dense fog season

Safety navigation of foggy season

● This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one

another when navigating in or near an area of

restricted visibility.

● Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed

adapted to the prevailing circumstances and

conditions of restricted visibility.

● A power-driven vessel shall have her engines

ready for immediate manoeuvre.

● Every vessel shall have due regard to the pre-

vailing circumstances and conditions of restrict-

ed visibility when complying with the section

‘Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility’.

● A vessel which detects by radar alone the pres-

ence of another vessel shall determine if a close

quarters situation is developing and/or risk of

collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding

action in ample time, provided that when such

action consists of an alteration of course, so far

as possible the following shall be avoided :

a) an alteration of course to port for a vessel

forward of the beam, other than for a vessel

being overtaken;

b) an alteration of course towards a vessel

abeam or abaft the beam.

● Except where it has been determined that a

risk of collision does not exist, every vessel

which hears apparently forward of her beam

the fog signal of another vessel, or which

cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with

another vessel forward of her beam, shall

reduce her speed to the minimum at which

she can be kept on her course. She shall if

necessary take all her way off and in any

event navigate with extreme caution until

danger of collision is over.

● Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a

safe speed so that she can take proper and

effective action to avoid collision and be

stopped within a distance appropriate to

the prevailing circumstances and condi-

tions.

I. A power-driven vessel making way through

the water: shall sound at intervals of not

more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.

II. A power-driven vessel underway but

stopped and making no way through the

water: shall sound at intervals of not more

than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in suc-

cession with an interval of about 2 seconds

between them.

III. A vessel not under command, a vessel re-

stricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel

constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel,

a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel en-

Action for restricted visibility

Follow Conducting of vessels in restricted visi-

bility & navigation watch by „72 COLREG.

RULE 19. Conduct of vessels in

restricted visibility

RULE 6. Safe speed

RULE 35. Sound signal in restricted

visibility

3



gaged in towing or pushing another vessel:

shall sound at intervals of not more than 2

minutes three blasts in succession, namely one

prolonged followed by two short blasts.

IV. A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is

towed the last vessel of the tow: shall sound

at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound

four blasts in succession, namely one pro-

longed followed by three short blasts.

V. A vessel at anchor: shall be sounded in the

forepart of the vessel and immediately after

the ringing of the bell the gong shall be

sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the

after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor

may in addition sound one short, one pro-

longed and one short blast.

VI. A pilot vessel : four short blasts

2. Accident case of navigation Collision case between general cargo ship (S) and

container combination carrier (R) in restricted visi-

bility (2005)

● Accident detail

- 07th March, 2005, 1450LT. After loading opera-

tion was finished, the named S was departed from

RIzhao, Shandong, China to Yawata, Japan. Also,

the named R was departed from Shanghai to

Qingdao in Same day 1036LT. 08th March,

0300LT. 2nd officer (S) was found R (Starboard

one a clock, 1.34 miles) and requested that kept

the course and speed by the VHF. (Visibility was

not more than 700M. But two ships was not

alarmed for fog signal and prepared engine.)

0302LT, when duty helmsman (S) was found main

mast light of R ship and reported 2nd officer, 2nd

officer switched over to hand steering mode and

oder to hard starboard. 0303LT, eventually, two

ships had a collision at Lat. 34-40.31N Long. 122-

05.50E ( S’s course : 195 Deg., collision angle: 88

Deg.) and than S was sunken and R had fire in

engine room. Also 14 peoples was disappeared

and died 2 persons was rescued.


► USE OF THE CHECK LIST

CODE102-627 N7 NAVIGATION

UNDER RESTRICTED VISIBILITY

━━ 1) Power-driven vessel

(Not more than 2 minutes)

━━ ━━ 2) Power-driven : Stopped


━━ ·· 3) Other vessels


━━ ··· 4) Towed vessel


·━━ · 5) Anchored : warning


···· 6) Pilot vessel

( In additional to the signal


► Proper navigation and using of

equipment

⇒ Defense navigation and se-

cured countermeasure capa-

bility

⇒ Prepare to dropped anchor or

waiting at emergency situa-

tion (entry/departure, coastal

navigation)

Using ARPA / RADAR / AIS

If you do not close situation with

other vessel?

⇒ be positive, made in ample

time in restricted visibility.

4



● Cause of accident

- S ship

1) Did not adjust to safe speed in restricted visi-

bility.

2) Did not alarm for fog signal in restricted visi-

bility.

3) It was neglected the confirmation about risk

of collision and did not take an action to

avoid collision in ample time.

- R ship

1) Did not adjust to safe speed in restricted visi-

bility.

2) Did not alarm for fog signal in restricted visi-

bility.

● Lesson for accident prevention

► If necessary, duty officer is on navigation

duty (example, restricted visibility, etc.), it

must be reports to the captain without de-

lay.

► When you do take an action to avoid colli-

sion, you must do take an action in ample

time.

► In deeply aware of the fact that “CPA

„0‟=collision”, if you sail the open sea ex-

cept narrow channel and traffic separation

schemes, you must be compliance that it is

appointed for a minimum safe distance

(CPA).

5


COLREGs – OVERTAKING

Rule 13: Overtaking

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel

overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a

direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with refer-

ence to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the

stern light of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume

that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d)Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the

overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of

the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

Keep clear when overtaking

Rule 13 has no exceptions; the overtaking vessel

always keeps out of the way. If you are not sure

whether you are overtaking another vessel, then

Rule 13 says that you are.

Remember:

● Always presume the other ship does not know

you are there.

● Avoid crossing ahead – it is always safer to

cross astern.

● Do not pass close – overtaking always takes

time, so make sure both ships have plenty of

room to manoeuvre. Never assume that the

other ship will maintain its course and speed.

● Beware of interaction – if you are forced to

pass close, be very careful of interaction be-

SUMMARY

Always keep clear of a ship you are overtaking.

tween the two vessels.

Remain vigilant – remember; you remain an

overtaking vessel until you are finally passed and

clear.

Once you are an overtaking vessel, you are

always an overtaking vessel.

-Source : North P&I Club

6


Housekeeping in workplace

Speaking of housekeeping thought that just scattered away with cleaning stuff in one place, but when you think

of the safety concept it contains a deeper meaning.

● Meaning of housekeeping

Safety is enough to say ’from the start by housekeep-

ing to the end with. So, housekeeping is basic for safe

and must keep to the last. Plan ahead to set up a

workplace situation and Accordingly definitely going to

run power or more united in response to changes in

day-to-day, must work.

※ Cleanup: It is unnecessary to leave that require

maintenance by separating the articles that require ur-

gent and unwanted goods says putting transferred to

another place in the workplace.

※ Tidy: I will speak to put in place the required layout

of the goods required .

Hopefully the housekeeping, you can see the following

effects.

► Improve efficiency by reducing wastage and the

cost savings.

► The prevention of accidents due to safety im-

provements.

► Integrity will be improved.

► The quality will be good.

● Housekeeping and disaster

If the workplace is poor housekeeping said easily get

insecure and unsafe condition the entire workplace

behavior occurs, also, fire, disaster or accident is easy

occur.

If the material or finished products put on the floor,

dizzy, hoses, cords, etc. This will take the feet. Also,

the remaining residue (oil, water, garbage, dust) is a

breeding ground for disaster.

● Work efficiency

If poor state housekeeping, it is applied to multitude

for facility and waste materials. Finally, the workshop

is inefficient and a breeding ground for disaster.

Poor housekeeping

Unsafe conditions /

Unsafe behavior

Accident

Industrial disaster

7


작업장에서의 정리정돈

► When bad housekeeping takes a lot of time to

find the something (waste of time), it is easy to

have a disaster in the meantime.

► If you do not see the necessary things you will

be forced to substitute the task inadequate ob-

jects (unreasonable behavior, dangerous behav-

ior)

► If you do not dispose of discarded things, given

the uncomfortable stuff disbursed narrow valua-

ble workshop space will cause a failure in the

delivery of raw materials .

● Housekeeping of workshop

► Secure passage

The housekeeping of workshop will be starting from

the setting and securing safe passage. Passage is

maintain and displaying the proper width or more

and free of any obstructions.

► Maintenance of workshop floor

The workshop floor place emphasis on the house-

keeping and dose not load unnecessary things.

► Raw materials and Half-finished goods

Raw materials and half-finished products are easy to

access by specifying the place and build places of

separated by type

► Deportation of garbage, dust, residue

If you do not create a clean workplace it will have a

map that is considered an accident or disaster . Al-

ways keep cleaning.

● How to proceed in housekeeping

Housekeeping of workshop is a big problem for the

work himself. It is obvious true that the comfortable

workshop is better than the dirty or filthy for most

workers spend precious life in workshop. In addition,

housekeeping is often something that can be im-

proved with hard work and research workers them-

selves. Basically, to think of as his home about work-

shop, can present the same thing.

► Take measures to prevent defile.

► Try to think of a better housekeeping in a while

the work.

► Everyday, strive to improve the maintenance of

housekeeping and clean the machinery in charge

of worker after completion of work.

► The efforts to improve the maintenance of clean

housekeeping workshop through active collabora-

tion with colleagues.

8


PSC NEWS (Current state of detention in TOKYO MOU-1Q)

Based on the data of TOKYO MOU, let’s analyze the current state of detention in first quarter, 2016. And we

will have time to prepare.

◆ Current state of inspection in 1Q, 2016

Ship’s inspection is 8109 times by PSCO of TOKYO

MOU in first quarter, 2016. And detention is 196 vessel.

(based 16th March, 2016) So, Detention Rate record is

2.42%. In the following graph shows the distribution of

vessels by 196 detentions.

Bulk vessels are the largest proportion accounted to

133 (68%). The container vessels are following behind

bulk with 28 (14%).

◆ Major deficiency in detention vessels

You may know that the most deficiency item is fire

safety, second item is ISM, third item is life saving ap-

pliances in the major deficiency items of the detained

vessels. Next, we’ll learn the detail of check point about

fire safety, ISM, life saving appliances.

◆ Fire safety

1) Fire pump (include Emergency fire pump)

2) Fire main line, hydrant, hose and nozzle

3) Fire control plan

4) Fire extinguisher

5) Fire door, damper and escape way

► Check the pressure gauge

► Test regularly and check the availability

► Check the leakage of sea water and lubri-

cant

► Check the operating manual and body

corrosion (Crack)

► Check the pressure about watering with

two fire hoses

► Check whether the leak and Isolation valve

stuck

► Check the packing and leakage about hy-

drant and hose

► Check nozzle sticking

► Check that access is easy and use immedi-

ately

► Check satisfaction about the regulation of

preliminary extinguishing (can be charged

100% for the first 10 extinguishers on

board, and the remaining 50% Beach)

► Check the smooth opration of the

damper and fixation of the locking pin

► Check the Open/Shut position that is

clearly marked

► Check the condition of Fan louver, disc,

shaft

► Check clearance between disc and body

when close the damper (4mm ± 2mm)

► Check the Fire door whether or not hold

back hook

9



6) fire detecting

7) International shore connection

8) Fireman outfit

9) EEBD

10) 기관실 및 화물구역 고정식 소화장비

11) Paint store

◆ ISM CODE 관련

1) Documentation (CODE 11)

2) Company responsibilities and authority (CODE 3)

3) Master‟s responsibilities and authority (CODE 5)

4) Designated person (CODE 4)

5) Emergency preparedness (CODE 8)

► Check the operation condition self closing

device in fire door

► Check the condition of packing and frame

in fire door

► Confirm the lighting blocking when closing

a skylight

► Check the method of operation and test

about fire detection system

► Check the emergency power source and

operation of main control unit

► Check the normal operation of local de-

tector

► Check the operation of automatically

sounded when signals have not received

attention within 2 mins

► Check the condition of manual call point

► Check the matching with storage location

and fire control plan

► Check the mask state and cylinder pressure

(available 30 mins)

► Check the safety alarm (50 bar or less)

► Familiarize testing and method of use

► Check the condition fireman outfit and tool

► Check the condition of mask and charging

about bottle

► Check the method of use

► Familiarize the method of use immediately

► Check the nozzle blockage or line corrosion

► Try to hydro test of cylinder in accordance

with the requirement of the flag

► Check the explosion-proof light

► Check the document (DOC-COPY, SMC-

original) and statement content

► Check the storage and utilizing about safety

management manual

► Senior officer must be checked the Compa-

ny responsible for the operation of the ship

and does this correspond with the entity on

the ISM certificates

► Check that Can the master provide docu-

mented proof of his responsibilities and

authority, which must include his overrid-

ing authority

► Check that the master‟s review of SMS

documented in the Safety Management

Manual

► Check the master‟s review when does and

report the results of review to the shore-

based management

► Check the DP, the responsibility and authori-

ty, contact method

► Check the procedures for responding to

potential emergency shipboard situations

► Check the program for drills and exercises

to prepare for emergency action

► Check the record about drill and exercise

10



6) Report and analysis of non-Conformities, Acci-

dents and Hazardous occurrences (CODE 9)

7) Maintenance of the ship and equipment (CODE 10)

8) Resources and personnel (CODE 6)

◆ Life saving appliance

1) Lifeboat, rescue boat and, launching arrangements

► Check the maintenance routine and rec-

ords

► Check that test stand-by equipment and

critical equipment/systems and record

► Check the procedure of handle when find

out a defect/deficiency

► Check the support of shore for ship‟s re-

quest of repair and supply

► Check the procedure of report and handle

about PSC deficiency

► Check the familiarization training for new

person

► Check the providing essential instructions

for navigation before sailing

► Check the working language that it is

identified in the SMS

► Check that SMS documents and relevant

information prepared in the working lan-

guage

► Check the condition of davit fall (Wire)

► Check that emergency contact to shore

management established in the SMS proce-

dure and kept up-to-date

► Check the shore management contact that

how do update and try to it

► Check the method of report that non-

conformities, accidents and hazardous oc-

currences are identified on board

► Check company action after investigating

the reported non-conformities

► Check the Winch seat, boat winch box,

fixing bolt

► Check the Suspension chain, Hook as-

sembly

► Check the condition of Lashing Wire

► Check the operation condition of Winch

► Check the operation condition Moving

part

► Check the operation condition of Engine

and state of fuel

► Check the steering gear

► Check the hull condition

► Check the position of post for launching

manual about boat (under Em‟cy light)

► Check the state of battery

► Check the painter and securing condition

► Check the bottom plug

► Check the embarkation arrangement and

platform

► Remove the obstacle in escape way

► Check the Davit (rust, corrosion, hole)

► Check the operation condition of limit

switch

► Try to risk assessment when mainte-

nance, launching drill, securing

► Check the inventory (condition, expire

date) and fire extinguisher

► Check the condition and procedure of

On-load release system

► Check the reset position of Hook, Hydro-

static locking lever

► Check the spring of locking lever

► Check the morse cable (broken, partial

damage)

► Check the sate of inside about hydro-

statics unit

► Check the operating procedure into the

boat and crew familiarize

► Check the state of remote control wire

► Check the water spray and compressed

air system (If applicable)

► Check the Oil bilge and bilge pump

11



2) Life raft and stowage arrangement

3) Life ring

4) Personal life saving appliance

5) Rocket parachute signal

► Check the matching with storage location

and fire control plan

► Check the posting and state of each in-

struction

► Check the state of life jacket light, whistle,

reflection tape, marking (Ship‟s name,

Flag)

► Familiarize the stowage, method of use

► Check expiry date and rocket parachute sig-

nal in good condition, quantity

▶ Check the length of line (longer than 30M

or twice the height of waterline in the

lightest seagoing condition )

► Check the quick release of MOB at wing

bridge and self ignition light

► Check the reflection tape and marking

(Ship‟ name, Flag)

► Check the body (Crack, damage)

► Check the state of heaving line

► Check the mooring line and release device

► Check the state of container

► Check the Cradle, Release handle (broken,

stuck)

► Check the coincidence operation instruc-

tion and type

► Check the stowage as to permit manual release of one it

► Check the Em‟cy light operation in Em‟cy

power and stuck of Moving part

12


Control of Alcohol

◆ The permitted amount of drinking on

board

The permitted amount of drinking on board should

not exceed 0.03 %. This amount is equivalent to

drinking 2 units prescribed by <Table> within one (1)

hour. And the maximum permitted amount per day

for one person shall be 2 units. Also, the max. per-

mitted amount per week for one person shall be 14

units.

◆ Prohibition of Drinking and Working

under the Influence of Alcohol

Shipboard personnel should not drink alcoholic bev-

erages during any of the following times:

► During the hours of watch keeping.

► Within 4 hours before the start of watch

keeping. (Likewise during cases of special &

critical operations, the operations of entering

and leaving a port, and heavy weather at sea.)

► Period that Master designates for the sake of

safety of the ship & crew and shipboard disci-

pline.

► Mid-night (After 2200 HRS)

Shipboard personnel should not work under the influ-

ence of alcohol under any circumstances. A duty should

not be handed over to a person who is judged to be

inebriated, which should be reported immediately to the

Master.

◆ Store and control

The Master should control the consumption of drinks

with a high alcohol content such as brandy, whisky, vod-

ka, gin & etc.. Liquors should not be stored in the living

quarter such as in cabins but in the provision stores and

in the slop chest. Purchase, sale, distribution, consump-

tion and stock of liquors should be controlled under

Master’s responsibility.

If a check on the drinking state of the crew is necessary,

the Master should conduct the drinking test without no-

tice by using a breath analyzer or his sense of smell ac-

cording to the checklist for ‘Alcohol testing (Code <205-

201>)’. Master should be tested by C/E or C/O and the

result of alcohol test should be maintained on board for

one(1) year. When a crew violates any relevant clause,

the Master should deal with the case through the Ship-

board Disciplinary Committee as per ‘Discipline proce-

dure (PC-306)’.

Learn about proper regulation of alcohol on board and consider a safe voyage.

KINDS OF LIQUORS Q‟TY UNIT

Beer(4.0~5.0% Alc. By Vol) 250ml 1

Soju(18.0~21.0% Alc. By Vol) 60ml 1

Wine(12.0~16.0% Alc. By Vol) 80ml 1

Whisky(40.0% Alc. By Vol) 30ml 1

13


Risk of Personal Death or Injury while Working on

Retrieval of Head Line

Total Commitment of Captain “Na Choi Go” to Safe Sailing

While departing the pier at 2 a.m., a crew was heaving in a mooring line with the winch. When the head line was

nearly on the deck, the Chief officer signaled to the winch operator to heave in slowly, but the operator did not

see the signal, so he kept heaving in the head line with quick speed. With the head line placed on the deck moving

around up and down, the messenger rope1) connected at the end of that line was wrapped around the neck of

the Chief officer. Fortunately, the workers shouted for the operator to stop the winch immediately and there was

no human injury.

- Defective communication and lack of care

1) Potential Accident Factors

2) Precautions for Accident Prevention

- When taking on work by mobilizing a number of crews, the commanding system has to be ascertained

and accurate communication should be carried out.

- When working such as leaving, berthing and shifting and so on, work has to be done without excessive

tension on the mooring line.

3) Actual Accident Case

Crew's death on general cargo ship DD(9,892 tons)

(2013. 2. 7. 20:27, Mariyama multi-purpose international terminal pier of Tsuruga Port, Fukui-ken, Ja-

pan) By neglecting the safety measures regarding adverse weather, the mooring line on the stern was

cut off by a massive wave. That broken mooring line struck a winch operator handling the winch in the

condition without any protective devices (The Chief officer was killed in the accident).

14


Allergy rhinitis

◆ Definition of allergy rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis inflammation via several types of IgE antibod-

ies nasal mucosa, including the biban cells, eosinophils to the

stimulation site causing substances (antigens) that cause the

allergy represents sensitization for a particular substance is

exposed to the nasal mucosa cells It is a disorder that gath-

ered example inflammation caused by a variety of mediators

that they secrete. Characterized by three main Symptoms

such as sneezing spasmodic happens continuously, a clear

runny nose, nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis you may

suspect you have the symptoms of two or more of these

three symptoms. In addition to the characteristic symptoms

can be accompanied by symptoms such as itching around the

nose, headache, smell and decay can be complications such

as otitis media, sinusitis, accompanied laryngopharyngitis.

Allergic rhinitis is intermittent (intermittent) and classified as

persistent (persistent) allergic rhinitis caused allergic rhinitis

and more than a month long period, moderate and mild

(mild), depending on the severity of the symptoms that occur

only in a short period of the year depending on the duration

of symptoms classified as severe (moderate severe). through-

out perennial that occurs only. Seasonal allergic rhinitis have

many cases that are relevant to carry the pollen of the plant

off season and year-round chronic and sometimes occurs

regardless of perennial and seasonal.

◆ Cause

Allergic rhinitis is genetic and environmental factors com-

bined caused major allergic diseases, allergies and asthma

induced factors inherited from parents around as allergic

asthma appears to cause interactions. Allergy is a hypersensi-

tivity reaction outside the normal sense, and does not cause

symptoms for normal to say that the various symptoms of

hypersensitivity for allergy sufferers. Representative factors

aggravate rhinitis is climate change, cold, air pollution and

stress.

◆ Symptoms

Becomes a spasmodic sneeze continuously, while the pass-

ing of a clear runny nose, stuffy nose and itching to occupy

the eyes and nose typical symptoms. Sneezing and runny

nose symptoms are usually reduced flows in the afternoon as

the weather was severe in the morning, and continues to

look stuffy nose symptoms. Itching can also occur such as

the nose, as well as the eyes, throat, ears, so will be consid-

ered during treatment.

Stuffy nose symptoms accounted for more than half of the

most common and major symptoms of chronic and degrade

the quality of life. As you back symptoms such as a runny

nose and sneezing appear as pure, the only tears, headache,

smell loss, nasal obstructive.

◆ Progress/Complications

Once the onset of allergic rhinitis is about 20% of its symp-

toms are folded lifting spontaneous puberty or an adult, but

it is important that adequate prevention and treatment of

many examples that lasts a lifetime . If allergic rhinitis can

last for a long period of time can lead to a change and look

similar to chronic rhinitis, otitis media, nasal polyps, sinusitis,

olfactory loss, chronic cough. And look for changes similar to

chronic rhinitis, can cause otitis media, nasal polyps, sinusitis,

olfactory loss, chronic cough. Due to a chronic stuffy nose If

you continue to breathe into the mouth it may seem an ade-

noid face face shape longer.

◆ Diagnosis

Once symptoms begin within 10 days is likely to be cold

virus is the cause. However, there are hundreds of cases of

flu appear with symptoms such as fever and muscle aches

throughout the body that are not accompanied by symptoms

Allergic rhinitis Sinus cold

Cause

Pollen, house dust /

dust mites, animal hair,

etc.

Virus

Symp-

toms

Sneezing and tickling

the nose suddenly is-

sued, a clear runny nose,

stuffy nose

Runny nose, stuffy nose,

cough, sputum, body

aches, headache heat

Treat-

ment

Medication, avoid caus-

ing substances

Treatment to improve

the symptoms

Progress It lasts longer than 1-2

months

Most symptoms im-

prove within 1 week

15


Allergy rhinitis

in allergic rhinitis.

Chronic clear runny nose, stuffy nose, indicates a fitful sneezing

symptoms of IgE-mediated When inflammation check and diag-

nose allergic rhinitis, need further confirmation of the order to

the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis symptoms, family history, living

environment and past treatment history. If it does not prove the

IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction to a diagnosis of allergic

rhinitis is diagnosed about properties, hormonal, food-induced

pregnancy-induced, occupational rhinitis according to various

risk factors.

◆ Examination

A method for diagnosing a number of rhinitis there can be

used for various applications depending on the treatment envi-

ronment or depending on the patient and does not always per-

formed all tests. First, it is good to listen to the history of rhini-

tis diagnosed helpful. Age, occupation, and the type and de-

gree of importance, age of onset, precipitating factors, expo-

sure, whether complications, allergic history of the residential

environment, allergy causing substances, family history, treat-

ment history and progress of symptoms to know more. Approx-

imately 40% of patients with allergic rhinitis is an allergic dis-

ease of a close family member within his uncle. If from family

history and childhood of allergic symptoms it appears, when

looking for seasonal variations, over time consistently and if it

appears repeatedly in the symptoms, if it appears the symp-

toms associated with the living environment changes can be

suspected allergic rhinitis. Because people with allergies are

sudden changes in temperature, cold air, tobacco smoke, even

in non-specific stimuli such pollutants show non-specific hyper-

sensitivity reaction, if symptoms worsen when house cleaning

house dust, sensitization to mites I can doubt, and if the follow-

ing symptoms occurred between directors from the new house

to find the cause through a detailed check of the changed envi-

ronment.

Laboratory tests may be done as a total serum immunoglobu-

lin E test, if specific immunoglobulin E Station test, blood eosin-

ophils and eosinophil cationic protein, smear tests. This is such

a biopsy skin test antigen challenge test and this is one of the

skin test is simple, yet economical, high-value diagnostic tests

that can identify the cause of reactive substances or not.

There is observed inside the nasal mainly used parenterally as

a physical examination, a non membranes are pale and not that

poured into the characteristic features of allergic rhinitis in chil-

dren when the rhinitis suffer long nasal blood color of the in-

side of the eyelid down to a failure of the circulation this may

seem bluish gums, nose, itching of the nose can often act as a

hand rub or cause horizontal wrinkles on the bridge of the

nose.

◆ Treatment

Treatment of allergic rhinitis is a substance that causes

environmental therapy is to avoid the allergen(antigen)

(Avoidance therapy) and drug therapy, immunotherapy. It

fundamentally avoided, but it is most important to avoid

the allergen therapy difficult to obtain a sufficient thera-

peutic effect only a single treatment regimen avoided

since it is difficult in reality, it is necessary to control the

symptoms to appropriate medications.

1) Environmental therapy

The most basic and important therapies in the treatment

of allergic diseases, or complete avoidance of the allergen

is impossible, even if you need to avoid as much as possi-

ble. The main allergen of allergic rhinitis are dust mites,

pollen, pet hair, insects, and with the aggravating factors

are tobacco smoke and indoor pollution, climate change,

such as mold, deterioration medications, and stress.

2) Drug therapy

Drug therapy is the treatment of allergic rhinitis in stages

depending on the severity of the main symptoms of the

patient. A drug used in the treatment has a number of

oral mucosa for / topical anti hiseutaminje, for oral / topi-

cal steroids, mast cell stabilizers for oral / topical for the

festival, for the topical anti-kolrinje, such as leukotriene

modulators. In the case of systemic side effects than topi-

cal pharmaceutical formulation for oral administration

while reducing the benefits worth around but there is a

high concentration of the drug into the nasal cavity, the

effect often has asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis

that accompanies falling disadvantages.

3) Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment method that you want to

cause allergen to a patient by administering gradually

increasing the concentration from small to eliminate or

alleviate the symptoms by modulating the immune re-

sponse of the patient. When Allergies cause symptoms

controlled with conventional medications difficult effective

treatment alone: It environmental control is not sufficient,

or to cure the patient may place you do not want a long-

term drug therapy, is effective only when the specific al-

lergen you. Immunotherapy usually appears should last

more than a year effect usually lasts 5-3 years, but it may

be necessary to further long-term treatment.

4) Surgical treatment of complications

The surgical treatment for the treatment of nasal conges-

tion and sinusitis caused by allergic rhinitis, sometimes

accompanied needed. These patients may have surgery by

a combination of therapy and medication can be success-

fully treated with a disease associated with allergic rhinitis.

◆ Prevention methods

Allergic rhinitis is important to understand whether some

bottles, to avoid aggravating factors causing substances

through environmental management, medication be used

exactly as a regular prescription from your doctor. We

16


Allergy rhinitis

A true understanding of common saying for health

◆Everyone has an allergy =Only one out of five Americans have allergic rhinitis. 보통 It will usually called pollen

allergy and hay fever. Dr. Costa says "Over the past 20-30 In the United States, but the increase in the degree of oc-

currence of food allergies and seasonal trends, some people who do not have allergies do not need to worry about

this allergy."

◆Without seasonal allergic as a child, even large does not occur =Our body can always get new allergies such as

contact and because of us. While no harmful pollen is essentially that the immune system of some people is some-

times a reaction to the pollen when you come across. Dr. Costa, "If there is no childhood allergies can cause allergies

when this grown, and grew even had an allergic allergies may disappear gradually when a kid again," he said.

◆Moving Lives can relieve seasonal allergies =It is not going to move a little help for seasonal allergy sufferers. It

is because the distribution of pollen in a very large area. For example, ragweed New England area is kind of like Tex-

as ragweed people who are allergic to pollen, because they cause allergies in any area.

◆Nose sprays are all bad =Allergic patients should use selectively and thoughtfully nasal spray. Local steroid nose

has a good effect for people with seasonal allergies. This reduces the inflammation in the nose. But there is adverse

sprays shaving. People are addicted to relieve nasal congestion and sometimes sprays you can buy without a pre-

scription. Lotta people have a problem if you are using a two minutes for 5 consecutive days, this happens when the

nose is clogged blood vessels is dependent on the drug due to side effects in the nose. More intensive nose sprays

to relieve tightness and run into a vicious cycle of overuse.

◆If the symptoms are deep when taking medication =Allergic inflammation is the effect lasts for one week. Dr.

Costa, "it is desirable to take the medicine for the regulation until severe since allergies are not severe" and

"Understanding the seasonal allergic to pollen started flying in the air advised to take medication on a regular basis

"he said.

◆Allergy injections are useless =Allergy injections over the past 20 years has became more sophisticated, gotta

have adjusted well to the smallest detail. These injections are prescribed only for people with very severe symptoms.

Recently the US Food and Drug Administration had approved a drug that can replace eating allergy injections, this

drug is effective only grass or ragweed pollen only.

also need to continue treatment to prevent recurrence of

symptoms and complications, even if the regulation. As a

general precaution to avoid eye dust, changes in temperature,

smoke fumes, cosmetics, and stress to the surrounding clean.

There are many seasonal pollen Close the window when you

go out you wear a mask, patient, pet cause will cultivate the

pet.

◆ Living Guide / diet

The goal of the treatment of allergic rhinitis is to avoid me or

even prevent the symptoms interfere with daily life. To do so,

you need a combination drug therapy with thorough environ-

mental management. Also, if suddenly exposed to cold air can

aggravate rhinitis, especially in winter should wear a scarf and

a mask when you go out and keep the room temperature so

no much difference between the indoor and outdoor tem-

perature in summer or winter.

Can be considered typical dust, change, or smoke fumes,

cosmetics, stress also causes the temperature of the element.

It will help to avoid the inducing factor in prevention. If the

house dust mite beds, duvets, pillows, blankets and stuff that

dust is easily released pinch or use the zippered cover and

cover to life. Clean Room using a special filter-equipped

vacuum cleaner will also help. In recent years, the develop-

ment of mites and pesticides. If the reason for the antigen of

the animal must not present an animal in the house or near

the house, and even after about six months to remove the

animals and keep in mind that the antigen is retained so you

can continue to have symptoms.

If the case is not experiencing the symptoms worsen after

eating certain foods you do not eat the food obscure. How-

ever, in some patients it may be the rhinitis symptoms wors-

en after eating certain foods when you are repeatedly symp-

toms after eating certain foods must verify whether caused

by food. You now known as buckwheat, eggs, crab, milk,

shrimp, peaches, peanut flour for food, such as the cause or

aggravate the symptoms of allergies.

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