SAHC – D5 · 2014-08-11 · 3 1 ABSTRACT This report contents the results of activity WP 3...

Roger de Llúria 29, 3r 2a 08009 Barcelona Tel.: (+34) 93 342 47 55 Fax: (+34) 93 342 47 56 www.aiguasol.coop

SAHC – D5

Components and functional schemes for SAHC in target sectors

DATE: 14/04/2009

VERSION: V 2.0

RESPONSABLE: LAURA SISÓ – ORIOL GAVALDÀ

OTHERS:

2

INDEX

1 ABSTRACT __________________________________________________ 3

2 INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________ 4 2.1 WP 3. EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND BEST PRACTICES.

OVERVIEW 4

2.2 TASK 3.1 STUDIES, BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES 4

2.3 TASK 3.2 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES 5

3 EQUIPMENT MARKET SURVEY _________________________________ 6 3.1 SOLAR COLLECTORS 6

3.2 THERMALLY DRIVEN CHILLERS 21

4 SPECIFIC COSTS ____________________________________________ 33 4.1 SPECIFIC COSTS 33

4.2 SPECIFIC COSTS CURVES AND FUNCTIONS 34 4.2.1 SOLAR COLLECTORS AND AUXILIARIES 34 4.2.2 AUXILIARY HEATING SYSTEM 35 4.2.3 SOLAR COLD PRODUCTION 36 4.2.4 RE-COOLING 37 4.2.5 STORAGE 37 4.2.6 BACK-UP COLD PRODUCTION 38 4.2.7 CONTROL SYSTEM & ELECTRICITY & MONITORING 39 4.2.8 DESIGN AND PLANNING 39

5 CONFIGURATION SCHEMES ___________________________________ 41

3

1 ABSTRACT

This report contents the results of activity WP 3 Evaluation of available technologies and best practices included in the project SAHC Promotion of solar assisted heating and cooling in the agrofood sector. The report D5 contents, in the first chapter, a selection of the main equipment present nowadays in the market for solar cooling plants. The solar collectors and thermally driven chillers more suitable for application in the agrofood sector, related with demand profile and performance have been selected. For each selected example, a range of size and characteristics have been presented. In the second chapter, the hydraulic scheme of basic configuration of a solar heating and cooling system applicable in agrofood sector is described.

4

2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 WP 3. EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND BEST PRACTICES. OVERVIEW

The WP3 of SAHC consists of an identification of the best practices and technical guidelines at the present status of the art for solar assisted heating and cooling systems. Besides the description of the technology collected from on-going and finished projects, also the evaluation of performance and costs of available technologies for low temperature absorption cooling has been done in the framework of this activity. It includes solar thermal collectors and storage and absorption chillers. Finally the know-how learnt has been reflected in functional schemes, including solar collectors, absorption chillers, thermal storage and back-up systems for the application of solar assisted heating and cooling systems in the agro-food sector. This work-package has been divided in two subtasks:

1. Task 3.1 Studies, best practices and guidelines 2. Task 3.2 Technology analysis and functional schemes

The present report collects the results of TASK 3.2.

2.2 TASK 3.1 STUDIES, BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES

In this subtask, the technology description and the best practices on demonstration projects for solar driven cooling applicable to industrial production have been assessed. The information has been collected from previously funded EU projects and collaboration networks as TASK 25 and TASK 38 of the International Energy Agency, Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, as it is listed below:

1. Task 25. Solar Assisted Air-Conditioning of Buildings. IEA-SHC Programme 2. Task 38. Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration. IEA-SHC Programme 3. POSHIP: The Potential of Solar Heat in Industrial Processes. EC DG Energy

and Transport. Coordinator: Aiguasol Enginyeria. (Contract NNE5-1999-0308) 4. Climasol. Solar air conditioning guide. EC DG Energy and Transport. 5. SACE. Solar Air Conditioning in Europe. EC Research Directorate General.

http://www.ocp.tudelft.nl/ev/res/sace.htm 6. ROCOCO. Reduction of costs of solar cooling systems (contract No

TREN/05/FP6EN/S07.54855/020094) 7. SOLAIR. Increasing the market implementation of Solar-Air conditioning

systems for small and medium applications in residential and commercial buildings (contract no EIE/06/034/SI2.446612)

8. SHADA .Sustainable Habitat Design Adviser. http://www.sustainable-buildings.org

5

2.3 TASK 3.2 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES

From previous activities in the project, the information about the most suitable equipment for solar assisted heating and cooling systems in agro-food sector has been determined. Components, ranges of size and characteristics have been defined. A survey has been performed on the market, contacting producers of components, to update the available information. A number of manufacturers for each component have been selected and the average performances and range of cost has been defined. This part of the study has evaluated:

• The applicability of available technologies for solar driven cooling with relation to the load profiles identified before and to different typologies of solar collectors (in relation to the temperature needed for the heat source and to the different climatic conditions)

• The configuration and operational modes presently applied for the integration of solar assisted heating and cooling systems.

6

3 EQUIPMENT MARKET SURVEY

This chapter shows some of the present equipment on the market suitable for application of solar heating and cooling plants. The main components of those plants are the solar collectors and the thermally driven chillers.

3.1 SOLAR COLLECTORS

The solar thermal collectors most appropriate for solar cooling applications require a good efficiency at high temperatures of operation. The examples show some of the products well established in the market as well as some of the most recent developments in the range of medium temperature collectors (from 80 ºC to 250 ºC) The data sheet presented for each case show the following information:

• Manufacturer: data of the manufacturer or provider that supplies the equipment

• General features: general description of the equipment • Collector parameters: main data of the equipment for flat-plate and evacuated

tube collectors (optical efficiency, losses coefficients, IAM, etc.) • References: some references on solar cooling were the equipment has been

applied • Picture: image of the equipment • Dimensions: main physical dimensions of the equipment • Operating temperature level: appropriate temperature level of operation • Stagnation temperature: the highest temperature which can occur in the

collector for conditions under which no energy is withdrawn from the collector. • Specific costs: cost per unit of surface of solar collector • Delivering time: time when the provider supplies the equipment.

Manufacturer SUNDACompany name Sunda Solartechnik GmbHContact person n.a.address Schurwaldstrasse 13 D-71332 Waiblingenweb www.sunda.dee-mail [email protected]/fax +49 (0) 7151 9750920/ +49 (0) 7151 9750929

General featuresflow medium hot waterdescription Evacuated tube collector, heat pipe with dry connection

Collector parameters

parameter unit valueη0 - 0.75a1 W/m2/K 2.04a2 W/m2/K2 0.009K(Θ)long-50º - 0.92K(Θ)trans-50º - 1.05[referred to absorber area]

References

name use city countryCultural Center Sebah social Sebah LibyenM&W Zander office Stuttgart Germany

Picture

Dimensions

parameter unit valueseido 1-4 seido 1-8 seido 1-16

number tubes - 4 8 16gross area m2 1.23 2.26 4.34absorber area m2 0.7 1.39 2.76length mm 2160 2160 2160width mm 570 1050 2010height mm 165 165 165weight module kg 28 50 100

Operating temperature level

parameter unit valuemin ºC 80max ºC 110

Stagnation temperature

parameter unit valueAmbient temp. ºC n.aIrradiation W/m2 n.aStagnation temp. ºC n.a

Specific costs

Min price €/m2 440Max price €/m2 320[referred to absorber area, 2008, Spain prices including discount]

Delivering time n.a.

Manufacturer ÖKOTECHCompany name ökoTech Produktionsgesellschaft für Umwelttechnik mbHContact personaddress Puchstrasse 85, 8020 Graz, Austriawebe-mail [email protected]/fax +43 (0) 316 576077 / +43 (0) 316 576077-28

General featuresflow medium hot waterdescription Double-covered flat-plate collector with large-area modules

"The Gluatmugl HT collector achieves low heat loss values with the aidof a double cover: in addition to the outer glazing, an inner cover wasadded to reduce convective heat losses. The outer cover consists of a high-transmission solar glass (···). The inner cover consists of a transparent and high temperature resistant plastic film (Teflon FEP100)stretched at collector assembly in order to reduce slack. A back insulation of 120 mm mineral wool, that is thicker than in standardflat-plate collectors, has also been incorporated to reduce heat losseson high working temperatures" [1].


parameter unit valueη0 - 0.806a1 W/m2/K 2.58a2 W/m2/K2 0.009[mesured in the EN12975 test:2006 by Arsenal Research-Vienna]

References

name use city countrySolar plant AEVG Graz district heating Graz Austria

Picture

Dimensions

parameter unit valueGluatmugl HT 14.3 Gluatmugl HT 12.0 Gluatmugl HT 10.5

gross area m2 14.3 12.0 10.5length mm 6150 5130 5130width mm 2330 2330 2050height mm 175 175 175




parameter unit valueAmbient temp. ºC 30Irradiation W/m2

1000Stagnation temp. ºC 218[mesured in the EN12975 test]

Specific costs

Min price €/m2 220Max price €/m2 250[referred to gross area, 2007]


[1] Weiss, Werner and Rommel, MatthiasProcess Heat Collectors. State of the Art within Task 33/IV. 2008

Manufacturer SCHÜCOCompany name Schüco International KGContact person R. Sillmannaddress Karolinestr. 1-15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germanyweb www.schueco.come-mail [email protected]/fax n.a.

General featuresflow medium hot waterdescription Double-glazed flat-plate collector with anti-reflective glass

The space between glass panes is filled with an inert gas to reducethe heat conductivity.The materials are appropriate to work at high temperatures, and thedesign adequate to industrial production.


parameter unit valueη0 - 0.8a1 W/m2/K 2.4a2 W/m2/K2 0.015[mesured in the EN12975 test]

References

name use city country

Picture

Dimensions

parameter unit valuegross area m2 2.7length mm 2152width mm 1252height mm 108




parameter unit valueAmbient temp. ºC 30Irradiation W/m2

1000Stagnation temp. ºC 235[mesured in the EN12975 test]

Specific costs

list price €/m2 443

[referred to gross area, 2007, installation excluded]


Manufacturer SOLARFOCUS Company name SOLARFOCUS GmbHContact person Andreas Simetzbergeraddress Werkstrasse, 1 4451 St. Ulrich / Steyr, Austriaweb www.solarfocus.ate-mail n.a.phone/fax +43 (0) 7252 50002 37 / +43 (0) 7252 50002 19

General featuresflow medium hot waterdescription The CPC collector is covered with flat glass and nine absorber-

reflector units mounted in parallel


parameter unit valueη0 - 0.8a1 W/m2/K 2.7a2 W/m2/K2 0.08

References

name use city countrySoCold-IES Agustí Sera training classroom Sabadell Spain

Picture

Dimensions

parameter unit valuegross area m2 2.7length mm 2405width mm 1155height mm 70




parameter unit valueAmbient temp. ºC n.a.Irradiation W/m2

n.a.Stagnation temp. ºC n.a.

Specific costs

list price €/m2 450

[referred to gross area; expected price; collector not in the market in 2007]


Manufacturer SOLITEM PTC 1800Company name SOLITEM GmbHContact person Klaus Henneecke; A. Lokurluaddress Dennewart Str. 25-27 52068 Aachen, Germanyweb www.solitem.dee-mail [email protected]/fax +43 (0) 316 576077 / +43 (0) 316 576077-28

General featuresflow medium water steam / thermo oildescription Parabolic trough collector

"This parabolic trough collector system is assembled from moduleswith an aperture area of 9 m2 each. The concentrator consists ofaluminum sheet kept in shape by specially manufactured aluminumprofiles. Additional stiffness is provided by a torsion tubemounted at the back of the concentrator. Up to four modules installedin a series form a row; five rows can be connected to a single driveunit that is tracked via a rope and pulley arrangement. Mounted in thefocal line is a stainless steel absorber tube with a 38 mm diameter that has been galvanically coated with a selective surface. A non-evacuated glass envelope redues the convective heat losses fromthe absorber." [1]

References

name use city countryBall-bearing factory factory Ankara TurkeySarigerme Park hotel Dalaman TurkeyGran Kaptan hotel Alanya Turkey

Picture

Dimensions

parameter unit valueModule propertiesfocal length mm 780length mm 5090width mm 1800height mm 260support structuresAl-profiles mm 0.8Al-sheet mm 0.8reflectorAl-coating mm 0.5Absorption tubematerial stainless steelcoating selectiveext. diameter mm 38wall thickness mm 1.25Glass envelopeext. diameter mm 65wall thickness mm 2.2


parameter unit valuemin ºC n.a.max ºC 200

Stagnation temperatureNot applicable, system will defocus to avoid excessive temperature.

Specific costs

Min price €/m2 n.a.Max price €/m2 n.a.[series production not yet available, 2007]



Manufacturer PSE Linear Fresnel Process Heat CollectorCompany name PSE AGContact person Andreas Häberleaddress Emmy-Noether Str.2 79110 Freiburg, Germanyweb www.pse.dee-mail [email protected]/fax n.a.

General featuresflow medium pressurised water / other thermal fluidsdescription Linear Fresnel Collector

"The collector is ideally suited for installations of flat roofsdue to its low wind load and high ground coverage. Eleven individuallytracked mirror rows concentrate the direct sunlight to a stationary vacuum tube receiver with secondary CPC reflector. The collectorsize is modular in steps of 4m lenghth (22 m2).The aperture area of the linear Fresnel collector is defined as theglass area of the primary reflectors. In the case of a parabolic thoughthis area is defined as the projection of the curved reflector area. Thefollowing optical efficiency value is based on this reference area."[1]


parameter unit valueη0 - 0.6a1 W/m2/K -a2 W/m2/K2 0.00043 [modelled with q=a2ΔT2

References

name use city countryFreiburg - Freiburg GermanyMedisco Project NH3/H2O chiller Bergamo ItalyGas Natural Company LiBr chiller Sevilla Spain

Picture

Dimensions

parameter unit valueModule propertiesfocal length mm 4000length mm 4000 [each step; 22 m2 modular]width mm 7500aperture width mm 5500single reflectorwidth mm 500


parameter unit valuemin ºC 150max ºC 200[with pressurized water]

Stagnation temperatureNot applicable, system will defocus single reflector rows to avoid excessive temperature.A battery back-up mantains power for controlled shut down in case of power outage

Specific costs

Min price €/m2 n.a.Max price €/m2 500[installed price, 2008; expected to be reduce until 300 €/m2]



Manufacturer CCStaR Concentrating Collector with Stationary ReflectorCompany name TSC Tecnologia Solar ConcentradoraContact person Jaume Salomaddress Roger de Llúria 29, 3r-2a 08009 Barcelona, Spainweb n.a.e-mail [email protected]/fax +34 93 342 47 55 / +34 93 342 47 56

General featuresflow medium n.a.description Fixed mirror solar concentrator

"The collector consists of an array of evacuated tubes forming areceiver grid linked to the reflector through a set of articulated arms.These arms position the grid according to the transversal reflector-sun angle. The reflecting surface consists of 16 high-reflectivity aluminumsheets integrated into specially moulded sandwich structures andassembled together to fom modules of 24 m2.The receiver grid consists of 32 standard "Sydney tubes" connectedto two fluid collectors."[1]


parameter unit valueη0 - 0.75a1 W/m2/K n.a.a2 W/m2/K2 n.a.

References

name use city countryUniversitat Illes Balears laboratory Palma de Mallorca Spain

Picture

Dimensions

parameter unit valueModule propertiesfocal length mm 800length mm 6000width mm 4400 [each module; there are 4 modules]




parameter unit valueAmbient temp. ºC 20Irradiation W/m2 710Stagnation temp. ºC 295

Specific costs

Min price €/m2 n.a.Max price €/m2 200[expected prices; nowadays only prototype is available]



21

3.2 THERMALLY DRIVEN CHILLERS

The solar cooling systems can use all the thermally driven chillers present on the market that are water fired or steam fired. These equipment have been usually developed to use waste heat in industrial processes, or to be applied with cogeneration units or district heating networks. Depending on the temperature level required in the water or the steam in the generator, the solar collector field must be selected to obtain a good performance at that temperature level. As well, depending on the kind of cycle, single effect or double effect the coefficient of performance of the chiller can be around 0.7 (single effect) or around 1.2 (double effect). The common market of thermally driven chillers was extended for large capacities, from 150 kW (cooling capacity) to 3 MW. Some Asian manufacturers introduced the first models for capacities under 100 kW with the limit of 35 kW. However, some low capacity units (from 5 to 30 kW) have been recently developed from several European manufacturers. The thermally driven chillers can work with different pairs of absorbent-refrigerant. Each one offers special features:

• LiBr-H2O: this is the most extended for air-conditioning applications to produce cold water between 7 ºC and 18 ºC.

• H2O-NH3: this system permits to obtain temperatures below 0ºC for freezing and industrial processes.

• LiCl-H2O: new recent development has been introduced in the market with this pair of substances for low capacity applications. The advantage is that the LiCl permit to form crystals to store the energy in the absorbent.

The data sheet presented for each case show the following information:

• Manufacturer: data of the manufacturer or provider that supplies the equipment

• General features: general description of the equipment • Product data sheet: main data of the equipment such as the cooling capacity,

the nominal temperatures (input and output) for each of the circuits (generator, evaporator and condenser-absorber) and the limit temperature (input or output) for each of the circuits, the power capacity, the dimensions and the weight.

• References: some references on solar cooling were the equipment has been applied

• Picture: image of the equipment • Recommended flow sheet: in several cases the manufacturer suggests a

certain flow-sheet. • Performance: graph of capacity and coefficient of performance depending on

the different temperature levels of operation. • Specific costs: cost per unit of surface of solar collector • Delivering time: time when the provider supplies the equipment.

Manufacturer YAZAKICompany name Yazaki Europe LimitedContact person Jens Niemeyeraddress Robert-Bosch-Straße 43. 50769 Köln, Germanyweb http://www.yazaki-airconditioning.com/e-mail [email protected]/fax +49 (0) 221 59779 0 / +49 (0) 221 59779 197

General featuresfired by hot watercycle ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECTrefrigerant waterabsorbent LiBr (lithium-bromide)

Product data sheetunit model

WFC-SC5 WFC-SC10 WFC-SC20 WFC-SC30cooling capacity kW 17.6 35.2 70.3 105COP nominal - 0.7 0.70 0.70 0.70chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 12.5-7.0 12.5-7.0 12.5-7.0 12.5-7.0 limits Tout ºC 6.0...15.0 6.0...15.0 6.0...15.0 6.0...15.0heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 88-83 88-83 88-83 88-83 limits Tin ºC 70...95 70...95 70...95 70...95heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 31-35 31-35 31-35 31-35 limits Tin ºC 27...32 27...32 27...32 27...32power capacity W 210 210 260 310dimensions mm 594x744x1736 760x970x1920 1060x1300x2030 1380x1545x2065weight in operation kg n.a. 604 1156 1801

References

name use city countryFontedoso industry El Oso, Avila SpainSolar Lab Demokritos laboratories Athens GreeceBanyuls wine cellar winery Banyuls France

Recommended flow-sheet Picture

Performance

WFC-SC10 WFC-SC20

WFC-SC30

WFC-SC30

Specific costsWFC-SC5 WFC-SC10 WFC-SC20 WFC-SC30

Price €/kW 1000 625 450 350[prices of 2007; country reference Spain]

Delivering time 3 months

Manufacturer BROADCompany name Broad Air Conditioning Europe SASContact personaddress 7 rue Corneille, 75006 Paris, Franceweb http://www.broad.com/e-mail [email protected]/fax +33 (1) 43251905 / +33 (1) 43250098

General featuresfired by hot watercycle ABSORPTION DOUBLE-EFFECTrefrigerant waterabsorbent LiBr (lithium-bromide)


BH 20cooling capacity kW 233COP nominal - 1.39chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 12.0-7.0 limits Tout ºC 5.0...14.0heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 170.0-155.0 (0.8 Mpa) limits Tin ºC 180.0...160.0heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 30.0-37.0 limits Tin ºC 18.0...37.5power capacity W 1400dimensions mm 3600x1450x2240weight in operation kg 4600

References

name use city countryDuke Solar Air-conditioning North Carolina USA


Performance

Specific costsBH20

Price €/kW 360[prices of 2006; country reference Spain]

Delivering time 4-10 months

Manufacturer EAW Company name EAW Energieanlagenbau GmbHContact person Gregor Weidner, Executive directoraddress Oberes Tor 106, 98631 Westenfeld, Germanyweb http://www.eaw-energieanlagenbau.dee-mail [email protected]/fax +49 36948 84 121 / +49 36948 84 152

General featuresfired by hot watercycle ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECTrefrigerant waterabsorbent LiBr (lithium-bromide)


WEGRACAL SE 15 WEGRACAL SE 50cooling capacity kW 15 54COP nominal - 0.75 0.75chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 17.0-11.0 15.0-9.0 limits Tout ºC n.a. n.aheat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 90-80 86-71 limits Tin ºC n.a n.aheat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 30-35 27-32 limits Tin ºC n.a n.apower capacity W 300 340dimensions mm 1750x820x1750 2950x1100x2311weight in operation kg 660 2250WFC-SC10 from proceedings of 2nd IC Solar Air Conditioning,Tarragona 2007 and WFC-SC50 from catalogue

References

name use city countrySchüco International KG office Bielefeld GermanyEppan office Eppan ItalyDresden laboratory Dresden Germany


Performance

Specific costsWEGRACAL SE 15 WEGRACAL SE 50

Price €/kW 1300 1400[prices of 2007; country reference Germany ]

n.a.


Manufacturer PINK SOLARNEXT (distributor)Company name PINK GmbH SOLARNEXT (distributor)Contact personaddress Bahnhofstrasse 22, Langenwang, Austria Nordstrasse 10, Rimsting, Germanyweb http://www.pink.co.at/projekte_2.htm http://www.solarnext.dee-mail [email protected] [email protected]/fax +43 (0) 3854/3666 +49 80516888400/490

General featuresfired by hot watercycle ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECTrefrigerant NH3 (ammonia)absorbent water


chilli®PSC10cooling capacity kW 10COP nominal - 0.64chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 18.0 - 15.0 other range ºC 12.0 - 6.0 7.0 - 2.0heat supply circuit (Evaporator limit 0 / -5 ºC) Tin-Tout nom. ºC 75.0 - 68.0 other range ºC 85.0 - 78.0heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 24.0 - 29.0 other range ºC 24.0 - 29.0power capacity W 300dimensions mm 800x600x220weight in operation kg 350

References

name use city countryBachler Austria GmbH office Gröbming Austria


Performance

Specific costs

Price €/kW n.a.[prices of 2007; country reference Germany ]


Manufacturer SORTECHCompany name Sortech AGContact person Walter Mittelbach / Walter Oblinaddress Weinbergweg 23 Halle (Saale), Germanyweb http://www.sortech.de/e-mail [email protected]/fax +49 (0) 345279809-0 / +49 (0) 345279809-98

General featuresfired by hot water (generated by solar thermal plant, process, district or any

other kind of waste heat)cycle ADSORPTIONrefrigerant wateradsorbent silica gel

Product data sheetunit

ACS 08 ACS 15cooling capacity kW 7.5 15COP nominal - 0.56 0.56chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 18.0-15.0 18.0-15.0 limits Tout ºC - -heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 72.0-65.0 72.0-66.0 limits Tin ºC - -heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 27.0-32.0 27.0-32.0 limits Tin ºC - -power capacity W 9 12dimensions mm 790x1060x940 790x1350x1450weight in operation kg 270 520

The ACS unit is offered in combination with the tailored re-cooler RCS, featuring a freshwater sprying system and efficient EC-fan technology

Referencesname use city countrySoCold-IES Agusti Serra training classroom Sabadell Spain

Picture

ACS 08 ACS 15 RCS 08

Photographer: LightpollutionCopyright: SORTECH AG

model

PerformancePerformance curves

Radiant floor Fan-coilT_LT IN/OUT: 18/15°C (min.) T_LT IN/OUT: 15/10°C (min.)dV/dt HT/MT/NT: 1600/3700/2000 l/h dV/dt HT/MT/NT: 1600/3700/1600 l/h

Recommended flow-sheet

Specific costs

Price €/kW n.a.

Delivering time n.a

0

1

2

3

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6

7

8

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T_MT_IN [°C]

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kW]

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90°C

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0,4

0,45

0,5

0,55

0,6

24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

T_MT_IN [°C]

CO

P

65°C

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85°C

90°C

0123456789

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24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

T_MT_IN [°C]

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] 65°C

75°C

85°C

90°C

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0,4

0,45

0,5

0,55

0,6

24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42T_MT_IN [°C]

CO

P

65°C

75°C

85°C

90°C

Manufacturer CLIMATEWELLCompany name ClimateWell ABContact person Per Olofssonaddress Instrumentvägen 20, Hägersten, Stockholm, Swedenweb http://www.climatewell.com/e-mail [email protected]/fax +46 (0)8 794 03 70 / +46 (0)8 744 30 70

General featuresfired by hot watercycle ABSORPTION SINGLE-EFFECT (small capacity)refrigerant waterabsorbent LiCl


CLIMATEWELLTM10cooling capacity kW 10 (maximum 20 kW)COP nominal - 0.68chilled water circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC n.a - 17ºC limits Tout ºC 7.0...17.0heat supply circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 83.0 - n.a limits Tin ºC 70.0...95.0 (120 ºC short periods)heat rejection circuit Tin-Tout nom. ºC 30.0 - n.a. limits Tin ºC 20.0...40.0power capacity W 210dimensions mm 760x1060x940weight in operation kg 260

Referencesname use city country


Several flow sheets dependingthe use and the re-cooling system.Check in catalogue

Performance

Ths: temperature from the heat sink

Specific costs

Price €/kW 1250[prices of 2007; country reference Germany ]

Delivering time n.a

33

4 SPECIFIC COSTS

4.1 SPECIFIC COSTS

The SAHC plant has been divided in the following subsystems.

10 Investment-material11 Solar collectors SC Collectors and structure

111 Flat plate collectors FPC112 Evacuated tube collectors ETC

12 Solar collectors auxiliaries SCAPiping, pumps, expansion vessel, insulation, heat exchanger, valves in primary circuit and secondary circuit until tank

121 FPC or ETC13 Auxiliary heating system AHS Boiler + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, structure or concrete platform)

131 Gas boiler

14 Solar cold production SCPSorption chiller of DEC unit + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, air ducts, structure or concrete platform). Not re-cooling loop

141 Absorption chiller AB

15 Recooling RECCooling water, dry cooling + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, structure or concrete platform) + water treatment device

151 Cooling tower152 Others

16 Storage STGHeat and cold storage + auxiliaries (insulation, structure or concrete platform). In this case, pipes, pumps and valves belong to other item

17 Back-up cold production BCPBack-up compression chiller or air-treatment unit + auxiliaries (pumps, valves, pipes, insulation, structure or concrete platform)

171 Vapour compression chiller CCH18 Control system and electricity CSE Controller, electric panel, sensors used for control, relays, wiring19 Monitoring MON Monitoring hardware and software, modem, sensors, flowmeters, wiring, energy meters

20 Investment-installation21 Solar collectors SC Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material

211 Flat plate collectors FPC212 Evacuated tube collectors ETC

22 Solar field auxiliaries SCA Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material121 FPC or ETC

23 Auxiliary heating system AHS Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material231 Gas boiler

24 Solar cold production SCP Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material241 Absorption chiller AB

25 Recooling device REC Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material251 Cooling tower252 Dry cooling tower

26 Storage STG Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material27 Back-up cold production BCP Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material

271 Vapour compression chiller CCH28 Control system and electricity CSE Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material29 Monitoring MON Assembly and transport of related elements detailed in investment material

30 Investment-Design/planning31 Feasibility study First phase with pre-design32 Planning Full design, call for tenders, works management33 Commissioning Checking of the material and installation, start-up phase

40 Other costs over the TOTAL INVESTMENT41 General costs associated to works Cranes, unexpected situations, etc42 Indirect cost and industrial beneffits

50 TOTAL51 INVESTMENT Cost52 Specific cost per unit of solar collectors53 Specific cost per unit of cooling capacity54 INVESTMENT Costs with public fundings

34

Each subsystem contents the data shown in the following table Data used for the SAHC project have been obtained from the ROCOCO project, in which AIGUASOL was one of the participants. General data from which these curves were provided came from the firms ARSENAL RESEARCH, CONNESS and teamGMI from Austria, HSF from France and AIGUASOL and FOTOTERM from Spain. The sources of data and hypothesis were the following:

The costs of installations of solar systems to supply hot water at temperatures of DHW and with the conditions of DHW

Real offers from the market about equipment of conventional installations Transport has not been finally considered. Data of real costs of plants already installed has also been considered of

some installations (D4 from the SAHC projecty Due to enough information per each country were not available, the costs

curves are the same for all the places.

4.2 SPECIFIC COSTS CURVES AND FUNCTIONS

4.2.1 SOLAR COLLECTORS AND AUXILIARIES

Figure 1. Specific costs of solar collectors and solar collectors auxiliaries. Selective flat-plate

SC & SCA Flate Plate Collectors

y = 814.05x-0.3553

y = 865.48x-0.1143

y = 300.29x0.0228

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

m2

€/m

2

SPECIFIC COST - SC SPECIFIC COST - SCA SPECIFIC COST - TOTALPotencial (SPECIFIC COST - SCA) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - SC)

35

Figure 2. Specific costs of solar collectors and solar collectors auxiliaries. Evacuated tube

4.2.2 AUXILIARY HEATING SYSTEM

Figure 3. Specific costs of auxiliary heating system.

SC & SCA Evacuated Tube Collectors

y = 5598.6x-0.696

y = 9336.5x-0.4526

y = 2899.7x-0.2641

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

m2

€/m

2

SPECIFIC COST - SC SPECIFIC COST - SCA SPECIFIC COST - TOTALPotencial (SPECIFIC COST - SCA) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL) Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - SC)

AHP Gas boiler

y = 419.77x-0.3369

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

kW

€/kW

SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL Potencial (SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL)

36

4.2.3 SOLAR COLD PRODUCTION

Figure 4. Specific costs of solar cold production. Small capacity absorption chillers (<15 kW)

Figure 5. Specific costs of solar cold production. Absorption chillers (> 15 kW)

SCP Small Absorption chillers

y = 7134.8x-0.5038

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

kW

€/kW


SCP Absorption chillers

y = 7958.6x-0.5623

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

kW

€/kW


37

4.2.4 RE-COOLING

Figure 6. Specific costs of re-cooling. Cooling tower including air-water treatment

4.2.5 STORAGE

Figure 7. Specific costs of storage. Hot storage tank

REC Cooling Tower

y = 1527x-0.5206

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

kW

€/kW


STG - Hot tank

y = 2918.7x-0.2656

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

4 500

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

m3

€/m

3


38

Figure 8. Specific costs of storage. Cold storage tank

4.2.6 BACK-UP COLD PRODUCTION

Figure 9. Specific costs of back-up cold production. Vapour compression chiller

STG - Cold tank

y = 2365x-0.3002

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

m3

€/m

3


BCP - Vapour compression chillers

y = 988.56x-0.3484

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0

kW

€/kW


39

4.2.7 CONTROL SYSTEM & ELECTRICITY & MONITORING

Figure 10. Specific costs of control, electricity and monitoring for a solar cooling plant

The hypothesis is that instead of the size of the plant, always there is a minimum number of elements required for control, monitoring and electricity set-up. The following average values have been taken:

Reference system: 25 000 € Solar cooling system: 50 000 €

4.2.8 DESIGN AND PLANNING

Figure 11. Specific costs of design and planning

Control system, electricity and monitoring

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

180 000

200 000

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0

kW

€/kW

SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL

Design and planning

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0

kW

€/kW

SPECIFIC COST - TOTAL

40

The range of values is very wide. Therefore, a percentage has been considered in the project:

Reference system: 6 % of total investment Solar cooling system: 12 % of total investment

41

5 CONFIGURATION SCHEMES

The hydraulic scheme showed in this chapter is the one recommended for the solar cooling and heating systems suitable for the agro-food sector with the basis of applications and energy demand determined in the WP 2 of the SAHC Project. This scheme has been chosen to optimize the use of heat at different temperature levels. Four different levels have been considered:

• SCOOL: air-conditioning; cold water at 7 ºC-15 ºC • SHT: high temperature hot water at 65 º C – 85 ºC • SMT: medium temperature hot water at 60 ºC – 20 ºC • SBT: low temperature hot water lower than 20 ºC

The re-cooling of thermally driven chiller is though from the cooling tower or from an industrial process at low temperature. Two storage tanks have been introduced to improve the stratification and to operate the solar field at the lowest temperature. The pumps in the primary and secondary loop of the solar field as well as the process distribution pumps have been considered at variable flow.

42

ANNEX: LIST OF MANUFACTURERS USED FOR THE PRICE CORRELATION

Country Manufacturer/Model FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS

SP Sonnenkraft SK500N SP Wagner LBM 100 HT SP Wagner Solar LBM 100 AR SP Wagner Solar Euro-C20-AR SP Viessmann Vitosol 2,33 SH1 SP Solel SunMax FR De Dietrich PRO C FR Weishaupt WTS F1 FR Sonnenkrafft SK500

EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS FR Thermomax Mazdon30 FR Thermomax Mazdon30 FR De Dietrich POWER FR Sonnenkrafft VK25

SMALL ABSORPTION MACHINES SP ROTARTICA Solar 045 SP CLIMATEWELL SP SONNENKLIMA Suninverse

BIG ABSORPTION MACHINES SP YAZAKI WFC SC5 SP YAZAKI WFC SC10 SP YAZAKI WFC SC20 SP YAZAKI WFC SC30 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-1 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-2 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-3 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-5 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-6 SP THERMAX Cogenie LT-8 SP SCHÜCO-15 SP SCHÜCO-30 FR YAZAKI WFC SC10 FR YAZAKI WFC SC10 FR YAZAKI WFC SC5 FR YAZAKI WFC SC20 FR YAZAKI WFC SC30 FR YAZAKI WFC SH10

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SAHC – D5 · 2014-08-11 · 3 1 ABSTRACT This report contents the results of activity WP 3...

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