SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications Chapter 1SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application...

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications

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Information Technology

Its Applications

Information Technology

Its Applications



Student can understand about computer designs and its processes.

Student know how to use current applications.

CORE objectives of this course:CORE objectives of this course:



INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION11ChapterChapter



Objectives of this chapter:Objectives of this chapter:

Define the term, computer and its advantages.

Know its history

Identify the components of a computer.

Identify the element of information system

Discuss computer application in society

You can…



OverviewOverview

This chapter covers Computer definition and operations. Computer generations. The components of a computer. Categories of computers Computer impact on society.



1.1 Definition and OperationsPage 6



Computer: A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations, presents the results, and can store the data or results

What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?

Produces and stores results

Processes data into informationinformation

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

Accepts datadataRaw facts, figures, and symbols



Input—entering data into the computer

Processing—performing operations on the data

Output—presenting the results

Storage—saving data, programs, or output for future use

Computer operations:Computer operations:



Computer operations (cont’d)Computer operations (cont’d)



Storage Communications

Speed Reliability Consistency

Advantages of Using ComputersAdvantages of Using Computers



Disadvantages of Using ComputersDisadvantages of Using Computers

Violation ofPrivacy

Impact onEnvironment

Impact onLabor Force

Health Risks



1.2 Computer HistoryPage 52



Computer HistoryComputer History

The computer that we use now is a fairly recent invention

The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations, from pre-computers and early computers (before 1945) to fifth generation computers (now and the future)

Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development



The first calculating device, which was used 2000 years ago was called abacus

In 1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of computer, developed a machine called analytical engine which was the base for the modern digital computer

Other early computing devices include the slide rule, the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman Hollerith’s Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter

Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d)



Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) First - Generation Computers

(approximately 1946 - 1957) The electronic digital computers, which

were introduced in 1950's, were using vacuum tubes

ENIAC Was developed during World War II

UNIVAC Released in 1951



Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Second - Generation Computers

(approximately 1958 - 1963) used transistors

A small device made of semiconductor material

Programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were developed and implemented

Computers used by military, government and big business



Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Third - Generation Computers

(approximately 1964 - 1970) Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)

Also know as chips Keyboards and monitors were introduced for

input and output Magnetic disks were typically used for

storage Cheap, fast and reliable Used by small business



Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Fourth - Generation Computers

(approximately 1971 - present) The invention of the microprocessor in 1971

Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire computer on one single chip

Example: IBM PC and Apple Macintosh Input - keyboard and mouse Output – monitor and printer Storage – magnetic disks and optical disks The development of computer network, wireless

technologies, and the internet



Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Fifth - Generation Computers (now

and the future) Will be based on artificial intelligence

Computers can learn, think and reasoning Voice recognition

Become primary means of input Optical computers

Process data using light instead of electrons







Refer to your text book (Discovering Computers 2009) on page 52 to 65 for the timeline of computer generations and trends from The ABC computer to Youtube phenomena!



1.3 Main Components of a Computer Page 7



Hardware The physical parts of a computer Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external

(located outside of the system unit) Software

Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do

Main components of a ComputerMain components of a Computer

SoftwareSoftwareHardwareHardware



Computer HardwareComputer Hardware Input device:

Hardware used to enter dataand instructions

Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding.



Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Output device:

Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople

Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding



Computer components (hardware)Computer components (hardware) System unit

Casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata

Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding



Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Two main components on the motherboard:

ProcessorProcessor

Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

MemoryMemory

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions



What is storage?

Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from storage media

Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from storage media

Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d)



Floppy disk and USB flash drive

USB Flash DriveUSB Flash DriveProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk

Small and lightweightenough to be transportedon a keychain or in apocket

USB Flash DriveUSB Flash DriveProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk

Small and lightweightenough to be transportedon a keychain or in apocket

Floppy DiskFloppy DiskThin, circular, flexibledisk enclosed in a square-shaped plastic shell

Stores up to about 1.4million characters

Floppy DiskFloppy DiskThin, circular, flexibledisk enclosed in a square-shaped plastic shell

Stores up to about 1.4million characters

Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d)



Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Hard disk

Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive

Most are housed inside of the system unit



Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Compact disc

p. 9 Fig. 1-5

Flat, round, portable metal disc CD-ROM DVD-ROM



Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Communications device

Hardware component that enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, and information

Hardware component that enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, and information

Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other transmission media

Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other transmission media



Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer

what to do

Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer

what to do

Computer SoftwareComputer Software What is software?

Also called aprogram

Also called aprogram



What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons

Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information

Computer Software (cont’d)Computer Software (cont’d)



Computer software (cont’d)Computer software (cont’d) What is system software?

p. 15-16

Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software

Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software

Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices



Computer SoftwareComputer Software Application software

Presentation Graphics

Spreadsheet

Database

Word Processing

Programs that perform specific tasks for users



Computer SoftwareComputer Software Programmer

Someone who developsapplication or system software

Programmer writesthe instructions todirect the computer toprocess data intoinformation

JavaScript

Web application



1.4 Categories of ComputersPage 18



Categories of ComputersCategories of ComputersWhat are the categories of computers?

Personal Computers(desktop)

Mobile Computers andMobile Devices

Game Consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers



Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Personal Computers

PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system

Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)

Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table



Notebook computer

Portable, small enough to fit on your lap

Also called a laptop computer Generally more expensive than

a desktop computer

Categories of computer (cont’d)Categories of computer (cont’d) Mobile Computers



Tablet PC

useful for taking notes

Resembles a letter-sized slate

Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen

Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Mobile Computers



What are mobile devices?

Small enough tocarry in a pocket

Small enough tocarry in a pocket

Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d)



Handheld computer

Used by mobile

employees such as meter readers and

delivery people

Small enough to fit

in one hand

Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Mobile Device




Personal digital assistant (PDA)

Mobile Device

Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad



Smart phones

A smart phone isan Internet-enabled

telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities

Mobile Device




Game consoles

Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games




Servers

Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers

Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage




A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Embedded computers



1.5 Computer Applications in Society Page 32



Computer Applications in SocietyComputer Applications in Society

Education Finance Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing

Some examples of computer applications in society:



End of Chapter 1



ReviewReview

Computer definition? Computer operations? Computer main components? Computer categories? Computer impacts on society?

For more details information and pictures, please refer to your text book.

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SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications Chapter 1SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application...

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