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Big Physics Projects Taking Full Advantage of NI PXI and NI FPGA Platform
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NI HQ National Instruments
• Leading supplier of computer-based
measurement and automation
• Approx. 5,500 employees in over 40 countries
• Customers in over 30,000 companies
• Investment in R&D: 16% of annual revenue
• Over 600 certified NI Alliance Partners
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NI 1976 Innovation Discovery
Sometimes Tools Get in The Way…
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The Virtual Instrumentation Approach
PC-Based DAQ
Modular Instruments
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Vacuum Tube Transistor (Integrated Circuit)
Software
1920
Evolution of Instrumentation Tools
General Radio
Hewlett Packard
National Instruments
1965 2010
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Escalating Complexity Over Time
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The Need to Integrate the Elements of Engineering Systems
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Graphical System Design
A platform-based
approach to
accelerate the
development of any
system that needs
measurement and
control.
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The Power of a Platform 280+ third-party add-ons 400+ Solution partners 1000+ value added resellers 35+ training courses
140,000+ online members 250+ registered user groups 1000+ job postings online 400,000+ children through LEGO
9000+ instrument drivers 8000+ example programs 1000+ motion drives 1000+ smart sensors 1000+ Third-party devices
Community Collaboration
Connectivity
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Single Board RIO
Virtual Instrumentation, embedded control,
monitoring, robotics and more.
CompactRIO
Graphical System Design A Platform-Based Approach for Measurement and Control
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PXI Backplane •PCI bus
•Synchronization
Peripheral Slots •DAQ
•FPGA
•Modular Instruments
Chassis
PXI Controller • Embedded PC or
remote PC interface
• Runs all standard
software
PXI (PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation)
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Modular Instrumentation Platform PXI Reducing the Cost and Complexity
PXI Modular Instruments Box Instruments
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PXI Chassis
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Data Acquisition and Control
Multifunction I/O
Analog Input/Output
Digital I/O
Counter/Timer
FPGA/Reconfigurable I/O
Machine Vision
Motion Control
Signal Conditioning
Temperature
Strain/Pressure/Force/Load
Synchro/Resolver
LVDT/RVDT
Many More. . .
Modular Instrumentation
Digital Waveform Generator
Digital Waveform Analyzer
Digital Multimeter
LCR Meter
Oscilloscope/Digitizer
Source/Signal Generator
Switching
RF Signal Generator
RF Signal Analyzer
RF Power Meter
Frequency Counter
Programmable Power Supply
Many More. . .
Bus Interfaces
Ethernet, USB, FireWire
SATA, ATA/IDE, SCSI
GPIB
CAN, DeviceNet
Serial RS-232, RS-485
VXI/VME
Boundary Scan/JTAG
MIL-STD-1553, ARINC
PCMCIA/CardBus
PMC
Profibus
LIN
Many More. . .
Others
IRIG-B, GPS
Direct-to-Disk
Reflective Memory
DSP
Optical
Resistance Simulator
Fault Insertion
Prototyping/Breadboard
Graphics
Audio
Many More. . .
PXI Products. . .Over 1,500 and Counting
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Frost & Sullivan Industry Projection
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1.000
$1.200
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
PXI Revenue
VXI Revenue
AXIe Revenue
Th
ou
san
ds
Source: Frost & Sullivan preliminary report “High Growth Test & Measurement Market Opportunity: Modular Instruments”
18% forecasted CAGR for PXI
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Modular Distributed Platform cRIO Multicore CompactRIO
CPU Expansion
Module
Spartan-6 LX150 FPGA
Dual-Core 1.33GHz
Processor USB & Serial Connectivity
VGA Graphics
MXI-Express for C Series
Expansion
Gigabit Ethernet 8 Slots of
C Series IO
2GB DDR3 RAM
32GB cFast
Storage
Specifications for cRIO-9082
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Expansion with Multicore CompactRIO
Expansion I/O
MXI Express RIO Ethernet RIO EtherCAT RIO
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NI C Series I/O Modules
• Analog Input – Up 1MS/s – Simultaneous sampling – 4, 8, 16, and 32-ch options – Built-in signal condition for
sensors • Strain gages, accelerometers,
thermocouples, RTDs – Up to 300 V, ±5A – 12, 16 and 24-bit resolution – Available ch-to-ch isolation
• Analog Output – Up to100 kS/s simultaneous
updating – 4-ch per module – 10 V, ±20 mA – Isolation
• Digital I/O – Up to 30 MHz timing
– 8 and 32-channel options
– 5V/TTL, 12/24/48 V logic levels
– Available ch-to-ch isolation
• Other – 2-port CAN module
– DC servo motor drive module
– PROFIBUS module
• Connector options – Screw terminal, spring terminal, BNC,
D-Sub
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• Off-the-shelf, reconfigurable hardware – Breadth of high-quality I/O – Variety of packaged and board-level form factors – Embedded FPGA for custom timing, control & processing
• LabVIEW graphical programming – Graphical programming for multicore/real-time processors and FPGAs – Advanced signal processing and control algorithms – Ability to integrate 3rd-party code, models and IP
FPGA Processor
I/O
I/O
I/O
NI RIO Technology Off-the-Shelf Platform with Custom Capabilities
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LabVIEW FPGA vs. VHDL
Counter Analog I/O I/O with DMA
66 Pages ~4000 lines
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What is Big Physics?
Big Physics
Particle Accelerators
Nuclear Fusion
Light Sources
Telescopes
TOKAMAK STELLARATOR
INERTIAL FUSION
SYNCHROTRON HIGH ENERGY LASER
ACCELERATOR COLLIDER DETECTOR
TELESCOPE RADIO-TELESCOPE
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Fusion Reactors • A device that generates plasma by the means of nuclear fusion
• Nuclear fusion – a process in which 2 or more atomic nuclei are joint together, releasing large amounts of energy
• Used for research of future energy sources
• Tokamak – a device using magnetic
fields to contain plasma in a toroidal
(doughnut) shape
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Particle Accelerators
• A device that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and to contain them in well-defined beams
• Used in research, medicine and industrial processing
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Light Sources • Lasers are widely used in multiple applications, and
remain key tool in research. They typically require complex optical and electrical system for charging, firing, targeting, amplification and control.
• Depending on type (high/low power, frequency range) and application, requirements change
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Telescopes
• Large telescopes have mirrors built of hundreds of hexagonal segments
• They require high speed (single ms)
and high precision control
of thousands of actuators
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Mechanical Design
Discrete and Sequential Logic
Motion Control Design
Logging, Database
HMI
Networking
Machine Condition Monitoring
Machine Vision Motors and Actuators
Sensors and Signal Conditioning
Modern Instrument
Embedded System Design
Programming/Processing
Communication
Timing/Sync
Custom HW
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Requirements
• High speed control and data acquisition • Real time system response • Complex timing • Reliability and reduncancy • Open architecture and connectivity • Multiple subsystems
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Requirement: Timing & Sync
• We typically think:
– Same clock, same trigger, same time
• Big Physics reality is:
– Multiple derived clocks
– Delayed triggers
– Event distribution
– Real-time communication
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CERN LHC Collimator Alignment
• 550+ axes of motion
• Across 27 km distance
• The jaws have to be positioned with an accuracy which is a fraction of the beam size (200μm)
• Synchronized to – < 5ms drift over 15 minutes
– Maximum jitter in μs
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Application Overview/Requirements
• Collimator motor control
– Beam cleaning
– Machine protection
• 2 jaws, 5 motors each
• Small, but critical, portion of LHC
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Application Overview/Requirements
• Tight motion requirements – 20 um accuracy at highest
energy
– Sub-ms timing accuracy
• Execute pre-defined profiles on command
• 108 collimators across 27 km
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NI Products
• PXI, LVRT, LVFPGA, R-series cards, C-Series modules, DAQ
• 120 PXI chassis
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Generate Signals Generate Signals
Time-Based
Signal-Based
Share Physical Clocks / Triggers
Share Time
…
Ethernet (1588) IRIG GPS Etc.
Signal vs. Time-Based Synchronization
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White Rabbit: Synchronization over Distance
Distance
10-12 sec
Precision
sec
10-3 sec
10-6 sec
10-9 sec
100m 101m 102m 103m 104m 105m Global
Distance
Signal-Based
PXI-6682
Time Based
White Rabbit
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NI and CERN White Rabbit
• Partnering with CERN in developing White Rabbit (WR) • Performance
– Distance: > 10 km – Scale: > 2000 nodes – Accuracy: < 1ns skew, < 100 ps jitter
• Compensates for propagation delay (cable length, temperature variation, etc.)
• Leverage Industry standards (802.x, IEEE 1588, SyncE) – Gigabit Ethernet communication with deterministic capability
• Generally Applicable • Leverage for future PXIe modules
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Requirement: Open Architecture
• Controls standards
– EPICS, TANGO, CORBA, TINE, DIM, C
• Connectivity to different devices
– OPC, Modbus, TCP/IP, UDP, EtherCAT, Serial
• Operating systems
– Windows, Linux, RTOS
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EPICS Overview
• Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS)
• Used to develop and implement distributed control systems to operate large experiments
• SCADA architecture that uses client/server and publish/subscribe
• Available in Windows, Linux and Real-Time
• Ability to run on PC, PXI and CompactRIO
CA (Channel Access)
Analog I/O, Digital I/O, Motion Control, Image Acquisition, etc.
IOC (I/O Controller)
I/O HW
IOC (I/O Controller)
I/O HW
IOC (I/O Controller)
I/O HW
IOC (I/O Controller)
I/O HW
OPI (Operator Interface)
OPI (Operator Interface)
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Example – LINAC
• Half-mile-long linear accelerator (LINAC)
– Creates proton beams with energies up to 800 million electron volts (MeV)
– Capable of accelerating a milliampere (average current) of protons to 84% the speed of light
• Achieved full energy on June 9, 1972.
• Continues to run to this day with much
of its late 60s early 70s technology intact,
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Custom Remote Indication and Control Equipment (RICE)
• RICE system was designed in the late 1960s to provide control and data readout for most devices in the LINAC.
• Supplies of spare parts are dwindling or spent.
• Calibration capabilities were not built-in, raising questions about year-to-year comparability of settings.
• Due to the custom nature, all maintenance and repair must be done in-house.
• Retirement of the original designers and builders often requires re-engineering to understand the reason for current architecture.
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LINAC Upgrade
• Refurbishment of LINAC – Remote instrumentation and data
acquisition
– Industrial control
• Ongoing migration to NI CompactRIO system with embedded EPICS
– LabVIEW for beam diagnostic
– EPICS for industrial control
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Requirement: High Speed Data Acquisition and Signal Processing
• Multiple channels
• Multiple rates
• Parallel processing
• Deterministic response
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26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
4 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
6
Acc
ura
cy (
Bit
s)
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
4 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
Frequency (Hz)
6
FlexDMM
Precision
Audio
RF
Mixed-Signal Suite
(Digitizer, Generator, Digital)
Leveraging Semiconductor Technology
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Parallel Architectures Drive Performance
CPU
Performance
(GFLOPs)
FPGA
Performance
(GMACs)
1997 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2009 1999
5
50
500
5,000
FPGAs
CPUs
2011
5
50
500
5,000
2.376 TMACS
ni.com
1
10
100
1000
10000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
GF
LO
Ps
Real-Time HPC Trend
Tokamak Plasma
Diagnostics
40 GFLOPs (DBL)
1 ms loop rate
1M Real FFT/s
1k samples
500k Complex FFT/s
1k samples
ESO E-ELT Mirror Control
M4: 2 TFLOPs, 2 ms loop rate
M1: 1 TFLOPs, 1 ms loop rate
Financial
Application
(Proposed)
1.2 TFLOPs
European Options
Synchrotron
Tomography
(Proposed)
4 TFLOPs
3D 8k x8kx8k voxels
Tandem Mirror
Plasma Control
(Proposed)
1-2 TFLOPs (DBL)
1 ms loop rate
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Plasma Diagnostics & Control with NI LabVIEW RT
• Max Planck Institute
• Plasma control in nuclear fusion Tokamak with LabVIEW on an
eight-core real-time system
“…with LabVIEW, we obtained a 20X processing speed-up on an octal-core
processor machine over a single-core processor…”
Louis Giannone
Lead Project Researcher
Max Planck Institute
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FPGAs
Parallel Programming with LabVIEW
Multicore
Processors
Task Parallelism Data Parallelism Pipelining
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FPGA Programming: Multicore, Multiprocessor Development
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High-Channel-Count Expansion for RIO
MXI-Express (915x)
• Highest Performance
• Data streaming
• Local control
EtherCAT (9144)
• Distributed
• Synchronized
• Single Point
Ethernet (9148)
• Flexible
• Expansion for existing networks
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PXI Multi-Chassis (PXImc)
One Way Latency = 6 uS, Throughput = 670 MB/S
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Czech Institute of Plasma Physics
• Thomson scattering system
• Synchronized high speed data acquisition
– 120 channels running at 1GS/s
– Tight synchronization over 4 PXI chassis
– Skew < 500 ps
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NI FlexRIO
NI FlexRIO Adapter Module • Interchangeable I/O • Digital or analog • NI FlexRIO Adapter Module Development Kit (MDK)
PXI/ PXIe
NI FlexRIO FPGA Module • Virtex-5 FPGA • 132 digital I/O lines • Up to 512 MB of DRAM • Peer-to-peer data streaming
PXI Platform • Data transfer • Synchronization • Clocking/triggers • Power/cooling
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NI FlexRIO Adapter Modules Digital Analog
100 MHz SE DIO
Camera Link
200 MHz LVDS DIO
200 MHz SE/LVDS DIO
RS-485/422
2 ch. 100 MS/s, 14-bit AI / 16-bit AO
32 ch. 50 MS/s, 12-bit
AI
4 ch. 250 MS/s, 14-bit AI
16 ch. 50 MS/s, 14-bit AI
500 MHz LVDS DIO 2 ch. 250 MS/s, 16-bit AI
2 ch. 40 MS/s, 12-bit AI
2 ch. 80 MS/s, 14-bit AI
2 ch. 120 MS/s, 16-bit AI
4 ch. 120 MS/s, 16-bit AI
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NI FlexRIO Partner Modules
100 MHz PPMU
Camera Link and GigE
Multi-gigabit optical
Dual gigabit Ethernet
Video and Automotive
Time to Digital Convertor
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Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics FPGA-Based Feedback Control of a Single Atom
• Custom time digitizer to study fundamental quantum properties
• 1 GB/s data stream processed
• Eight 125 MB/s synchronous streams
• Sustainable count rate of 25 MHz
• 100 million events per second analyzed
• NI FlexRIO and LabVIEW FPGA to
implement feedback control
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Software Services
Software Subscriptions
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Calibration
System Services
Training and Certification
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Value-Added Services
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