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SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

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Sam Frere, Eric Rothschild, Collin Sumpter, Joshua Werner Beijing, China
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Page 1: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Sam Frere, Eric Rothschild, Collin Sumpter, Joshua Werner

Beijing, China

Page 2: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Overview

Problem Overview Background Problem Statement Stakeholders Goal

Solutions Overview Assumptions Solutions Implementation Timeline Unintended Consequences

Page 3: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Beijing, China

3000 Years old2/3 Mountains, 1/3 plains16 districts, 2 rural counties16,808 km2

Semi-arid, semi-humid Continental monsoon climate

Page 4: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

The Problem

Lack of fresh water ~148 m3 per person UN standard for water scarcity

1000 cubic meters ~6 times less

Causes Increasing Population Located in arid area of China Climate Change Polluted Reserves Economic Growth

Page 5: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Population Growth

Page 6: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Average Precipitation

Page 7: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Consumption by Sector

Page 8: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Pollution

Guanting and Miyun Reservoirs Quantity and Quality issues Guanting – Category IV Miyun – Not as polluted but contains 15% of capacity

Urban Water Use In 2000, only 16% of wastewater was treated In 2010 ~ 60% wastewater was treated

Page 9: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Stakeholders

Industry

Domestic Population

Agriculture

Municipal Government

Page 10: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Goal

Create a sustainable water supply for Beijing which approaches 1,000 m3 per person by 2050

Increase infrastructure to handle water pollution Population management Increase surface water supply to decrease

groundwater consumption Create pricing structure which matches cost of water

Page 11: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Solutions

Page 12: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Assumptions

Solutions work within the current government structure

Population increase is currently 3.8% annually Current population is 22 million

Beijing Consumption Rate = 3.25 billion m3

annually

Page 13: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Solutions

South-North Diversion Project (SNDP)

Population Control and Redistribution

Water Pollution Control

Desalination

Water Pricing

Page 14: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.
Page 15: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Population Management

Cornerstone of escalating water consumption

Current population growth rate ~ 3.8%

Current population ~ 22 million

Carrying Capacity?

Page 16: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Population Management: Carrying Capacity

CC ~ 8 million people…uh oh.

Page 17: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Population Management: SNDP

Page 18: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Population Management : How?

Immigration vs Natural Increases

Beijing = Economic powerhouse

Urbanize Western China Xi’an, Chengdu, Kunming, and Chongqing Subsidize living in West (housing prices) Low income tax for corporations, smart growth options

Page 19: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Water Pollution Control

3 pronged approach: Domestic wastewater management

Development of future water treatment plants.

Industrial pollution management Current Strategy: pay when pollutant load is greater than

standard. Proposed Strategy: pay for all pollutant generation by ton. A direct charge of 1 U.S. $ / ton may decrease pollution by

80%. Remediation of current reservoirs

Bioremediation/phytoremediation. Current surface water capacity can be doubled.

Page 20: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.
Page 21: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Desalination in Caofeidian

Why Desalination? Caofeidian – Coastal city located 230 km from Beijing

The Desalinization Project Price of First Stage : $67 million

Completed Oct 2011 Funded and controlled by Beijing Enterprise Water (BEW)

Current Capacity: 500,000 m3/day Short-Term Goal: 1 million m3/day (approx. $1.4 billion, 3-

5 years) Long-Term Goal: Replace coal with renewable energy

Beijing Pipeline: $700 million (1-2 years) Depends on Results of SNDP

Page 22: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Water Pricing

Potential Increasing Block Tarriff (IBT) High-income groups generally use more water. The proposed will incentivize conservation for those who use the

most water. Generate revenue for infrastructure development for quality and

quantity of water such as offsetting cost of S to N project, desalination, water treatment, and pollution management.

Page 23: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Unintended Consequences

Government participation

Completion dates for SNDP

Discontinuity of economic growth

Elasticity of water price from new technologies

Average lifetime of a dam ~ 50 Years

Page 24: SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.

Questions?


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