Sanitary Sewage Systems Sanitary Sewage Systems Objectives Objectives Understand basic needs of sanitary Understand basic needs of sanitary sewage systems sewage systems Learn basic sanitary sewage systems Learn basic sanitary sewage systems Read and comprehend a State Code book Read and comprehend a State Code book Important definitions Important definitions Aerobic Aerobic – treatment of sewage with the treatment of sewage with the use of oxygen use of oxygen Anaerobic Anaerobic – treatment of sewage when no treatment of sewage when no oxygen present oxygen present Building sewer Building sewer – piping from house to piping from house to sewer system. sewer system. Common collector Common collector – piping system that piping system that transports manure from 3 or fewer transports manure from 3 or fewer properties. properties.
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Sanitary Sewage SystemsSanitary Sewage Systems
ObjectivesObjectives
Understand basic needs of sanitary Understand basic needs of sanitary sewage systemssewage systemsLearn basic sanitary sewage systemsLearn basic sanitary sewage systemsRead and comprehend a State Code bookRead and comprehend a State Code book
Important definitionsImportant definitions
Aerobic Aerobic –– treatment of sewage with the treatment of sewage with the use of oxygenuse of oxygenAnaerobic Anaerobic –– treatment of sewage when no treatment of sewage when no oxygen presentoxygen presentBuilding sewer Building sewer –– piping from house to piping from house to sewer system.sewer system.Common collector Common collector –– piping system that piping system that transports manure from 3 or fewer transports manure from 3 or fewer properties.properties.
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Important definitionsImportant definitions
Liquid capacity Liquid capacity –– the volume of a tank the volume of a tank below the outlet pipebelow the outlet pipeSubsurface seepage system Subsurface seepage system –– subsurface subsurface seepage field, seepage bed and system seepage field, seepage bed and system that treated sewage is releasedthat treated sewage is released
How is the Code made?How is the Code made?
Federal regulationsFederal regulations–– EPAEPA
State regulationsState regulations–– EPAEPA–– Department of Public HealthDepartment of Public Health
ASTM ASTM –– American Society for Testing and American Society for Testing and MaterialsMaterialsNSF NSF –– National Sanitary FoundationNational Sanitary Foundation
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
Appendix AAppendix AUsed to determine Used to determine sewage flowssewage flows
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General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
Systems are Designed to accept domestic Systems are Designed to accept domestic sewage and NOT the following;sewage and NOT the following;–– Discharge from roof or footing tile linesDischarge from roof or footing tile lines–– Backwash water from water softenerBackwash water from water softener
Go thru seepage field but not septic tankGo thru seepage field but not septic tank
–– Hot tub wastewaterHot tub wastewater–– Motorized vehicle grease, oil & chemicalsMotorized vehicle grease, oil & chemicals
Separation distancesSeparation distances
horizontal sewer lines need to be 10 ft horizontal sewer lines need to be 10 ft away from water linesaway from water linesIf sewer line is within 10ft of water line, the If sewer line is within 10ft of water line, the water line needs to be at least 18water line needs to be at least 18”” above above sewer linesewer line
Sanitary SewerSanitary Sewer
Hook up to sanitary sewer when it is w/in Hook up to sanitary sewer when it is w/in 200ft of residential property w/ flow 200ft of residential property w/ flow <1500gpm<1500gpm>1500gpm hook up to sanitary system w/in >1500gpm hook up to sanitary system w/in 1000 ft1000 ft
Sewer System DevelopmentSewer System DevelopmentDo not design in area Do not design in area where surface water where surface water accumulatesaccumulatesProper distances away Proper distances away from critical areasfrom critical areasNo swimming pools, No swimming pools, sprinkling systems, sprinkling systems, underground utilities in underground utilities in areaareaNo limestone or bedrock No limestone or bedrock w/in 4w/in 4’’ from bottom of from bottom of systemsystem
Variance Variance –– an extension for a proposed an extension for a proposed installation that cannot be compliant with installation that cannot be compliant with regulationsregulationsExperimental design Experimental design –– an unapproved an unapproved sewage system that is being tested for sewage system that is being tested for approval by Dept of Healthapproval by Dept of Health
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Garbage DisposalsGarbage Disposals
Receives waste from Receives waste from kitchenkitchenAt least At least ½½ size of size of liquid volume in septic liquid volume in septic tank or 500 galtank or 500 gal
Private Sewage Design SystemsPrivate Sewage Design Systems
DepthDepth–– Liquid min = 42Liquid min = 42””–– Max depth = 72Max depth = 72””
Water tight Water tight connectionsconnectionsProper accessProper access–– 1212”” diameterdiameter–– Over inlet and outletOver inlet and outlet
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Septic Tanks Septic Tanks -- BafflesBaffles
Septic TanksSeptic Tanks
<500 <500 gpmgpm = 750 gal= 750 gal>500 >500 gpmgpm = 1.5 * sewage flow= 1.5 * sewage flow>1350 >1350 gpmgpm–– 2 or more tanks in series2 or more tanks in series–– MultiMulti--compartment tankscompartment tanks
Distribution BoxesDistribution Boxes
A manifold between A manifold between primary and primary and secondary systemssecondary systemsNeed access to box Need access to box for;for;–– InspectionInspection–– MaintenanceMaintenance–– Cleaning Cleaning
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Soil TestsSoil Tests
Why?Why?Percolation TestPercolation TestRequired by qualified personRequired by qualified person
Seepage FieldsSeepage Fields
GravelGravel–– With gravel around pipingWith gravel around piping
GravellessGravelless–– No gravel around pipingNo gravel around piping
ChamberChamber–– Similar to Similar to gravellessgravelless
Seepage FieldsSeepage Fields
Size based on soil typeSize based on soil typeBetween 6Between 6--2424”” of backfill over bedof backfill over bed55’’ of undisturbed earth between septic of undisturbed earth between septic tank & fieldtank & fieldTop of seepage field at least 1Top of seepage field at least 1”” lower than lower than distribution box or septic tank outletdistribution box or septic tank outlet
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Seepage FieldsSeepage Fields
Bottom of field >3Bottom of field >3’’ from bedrock w/ original from bedrock w/ original soilsoilMax 2Max 2’’ of fill soil can be usedof fill soil can be usedDo not compactDo not compactPercolation test requiredPercolation test required
Gravel Seepage FieldGravel Seepage Field
Bedding materialBedding material–– Clean gravelClean gravel–– ¾”¾”<diameter<4<diameter<4””–– Full width of trenchFull width of trench–– 66”” below bottom of linebelow bottom of line–– 22”” above top of lineabove top of line
Gravel Seepage FieldGravel Seepage Field
Distribution linesDistribution lines–– Suitable materialsSuitable materials–– Perforated linePerforated line
½”½”<holes< <holes< ¾”¾”
–– open joint lineopen joint line¼”¼”<tile sections< <tile sections< ½”½”
–– 33--55”” ococ–– 2 rows2 rows–– Holes point downwardHoles point downward
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Gravel Seepage FieldGravel Seepage Field
Separation MaterialSeparation Material–– StrawStraw–– NewspaperNewspaper–– Untreated building paperUntreated building paper–– GeotextileGeotextile fabricfabric–– Other permeable or biodegradable materialOther permeable or biodegradable material
System can be open or closed loopSystem can be open or closed loop
GravellessGravelless Seepage FieldSeepage Field
At least 8At least 8”” or 10or 10”” polyethylene pipepolyethylene pipe
Must have filter wrap encased in pipeMust have filter wrap encased in pipeBedding material Bedding material –– Excavated soilExcavated soil
Bends > 5Bends > 5’’ radiusradiusClosed loop not required but must be Closed loop not required but must be capped at endcapped at end
Serial DistributionSerial Distribution
Open loop systemOpen loop systemMin 6Min 6”” of earth backfill of earth backfill over bedding materialover bedding materialTrench should follow Trench should follow surface contourssurface contoursMin 5Min 5’’ between septic between septic tank & trenchtank & trenchFirst line lower than First line lower than septic tankseptic tank
Serial DistributionSerial Distribution
Relief lines flow waste Relief lines flow waste to next trenchto next trenchConnects to top of Connects to top of pipe of higher trenchpipe of higher trench
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Seepage BedsSeepage Beds
Total bottom area = Total bottom area = 1.5 * area specified 1.5 * area specified Appendix A Appendix A Illustration HIllustration H
Chamber SystemsChamber Systems
Chambers minimum 7Chambers minimum 7’’ apartapartExample Appendix A Illustration I Exhibit EExample Appendix A Illustration I Exhibit ECan use backfill since it will not prevent Can use backfill since it will not prevent backflowbackflow
Buried Sand FiltersBuried Sand Filters
Will have discharge from filter areaWill have discharge from filter areaResidential = 200 ftResidential = 200 ft22/bedroom/bedroomAerobic treatment before filter reduces Aerobic treatment before filter reduces size by 50%size by 50%Minimum size to treat 100 GPDMinimum size to treat 100 GPD
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Buried Sand FiltersBuried Sand Filters
MediaMedia–– Minimum 24Minimum 24”” depthdepth–– 0.5mm<granular size< 2.0mm0.5mm<granular size< 2.0mm–– CleanClean–– Other media can be usedOther media can be used
Loading rate = 4 gal/ftLoading rate = 4 gal/ft22/day for residential /day for residential systems < 1500 GPDsystems < 1500 GPD>1500 GPD = 2.5 gal/ft>1500 GPD = 2.5 gal/ft22/day /day Maximum area >600 ftMaximum area >600 ft22
More area needed = multiple beds at least More area needed = multiple beds at least 1515’’ apartapart0.5mm < media size < 2.0mm0.5mm < media size < 2.0mm3030”” depthdepth
Raised Filter BedRaised Filter Bed
Mantle areaMantle area–– A=Q*T/25A=Q*T/25
A = Area of mantleA = Area of mantleQ = quantity of wastewater/dayQ = quantity of wastewater/dayT = percolation time, min/inT = percolation time, min/in
–– Mantle area = area of filter bedMantle area = area of filter bed–– Not designed for percolation rates > 120 Not designed for percolation rates > 120
min/inmin/in
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Raised Filter BedRaised Filter Bed
Distribution pipingDistribution piping–– 44”” perforated pipingperforated piping–– LevelLevel–– 1515”” o.co.c..–– Surrounded by 12Surrounded by 12”” of of ¾”¾” stonestone–– Sod placed over mantle and bedSod placed over mantle and bed
Aerobic Treatment PlantsAerobic Treatment Plants
Only for houses used full timeOnly for houses used full timeClass I effluent discharge toClass I effluent discharge to–– Subsurface seepage Subsurface seepage fldfld at least 2/3 size at least 2/3 size
2 year service policy2 year service policyRequired service within 2 daysRequired service within 2 daysMandatory owners manual w/ critical Mandatory owners manual w/ critical informationinformationMeet biological, chemical & physical Meet biological, chemical & physical treatment requirementstreatment requirements
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Effluent DischargesEffluent Discharges
Class I effluent can be discharged within Class I effluent can be discharged within 1010’’ of any surface water w/ 5:1 dilutionof any surface water w/ 5:1 dilution–– Discharges to water not flowing limited to 2:1 Discharges to water not flowing limited to 2:1
ratioratioCommon collector can discharge as long Common collector can discharge as long as not within 1 mi of public place and not as not within 1 mi of public place and not >1500 GPD>1500 GPDGround surface as long as 1discharge/acGround surface as long as 1discharge/ac
Surface discharges disinfected w/ chlorineSurface discharges disinfected w/ chlorine–– Ground surface & leaves propertyGround surface & leaves property–– Into surface water where recreational Into surface water where recreational
activities occuractivities occurChlorine contact timeChlorine contact time–– 30 minutes30 minutes–– Based on 2.5 * average flowBased on 2.5 * average flow–– Minimum tank capacity = 30 galMinimum tank capacity = 30 gal–– Chlorine residual between 0.2 & 1.5 mg/LChlorine residual between 0.2 & 1.5 mg/L
Other Items in CodeOther Items in Code
PumpsPumpsAncillary equipmentAncillary equipmentHolding tanksHolding tanksSanitary dump Sanitary dump stationsstationsSwimming pool Swimming pool wastewaterwastewaterTransporting of wasteTransporting of waste
Human waste Human waste disposaldisposal–– PriviesPrivies–– Portable toiletsPortable toilets–– Recirculation toiletsRecirculation toilets–– Incinerator toiletsIncinerator toilets–– Compost toiletsCompost toilets
Type AType A–– Prohibited discharge, repeat violationsProhibited discharge, repeat violations
Type BType B–– Improper construction practicesImproper construction practices
Type CType C–– Administration violationsAdministration violations
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PenaltiesPenalties
Repeat violation Repeat violation –– Same violation within 3 yearsSame violation within 3 years
Serious health violations must be Serious health violations must be corrected within 7 dayscorrected within 7 daysOther violations within 30 days of Other violations within 30 days of notificationnotification
