SANS1-1

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ISBN 978-0-626-22611-4 SANS 1-1:2009Edition 2

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Standard for standards

Part 1: The development of South African

national standards and other normativedocuments

Published by SABS Standards Divisionag X191 Pretoria 00011 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private B

11 Fax: +27 12 344 1568Tel: +27 12 428 79s.co.zawww.sab

SABS

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SANS 1-1:2009Edition 2

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The SABS may also, in the course of exercising its power and in order to achieve its objectives,

enter into agreement with,

render assistance to, or

obtain the cooperation of

a person, a body, an organization, an administration, an authority or a government, in any country orterritory outside South Africa.

NOTE The SABS is a member body of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and participatesactively in a number of its committees. The SABS also provides the financial and administrative support for SouthAfrica's membership of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which is responsible for internationalstandards in the electrotechnical field. The SABS is an active member of SADCSTAN, the standards developmentcommittee within the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and takes part in other standardization

forums such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Codex Alimentariuscommission (an intergovernmental body responsible for the development of model regulations and standards

related to food and agricultural products).

Aims and benefitsof standardization

The main aims and benefits of standardization can be summarized as follows:

to improve the quality (fitness for purpose) of goods and services;

to maintain and improve the quality of life of society, by paying attention to such matters as safety,health and protection of the environment, and by providing a basis for legislation needed for theprotection of the public;

to utilize resources more efficiently through better (i.e. standardized) communication; throughsimplification of manufacturing, product identification and purchasing by means of variety control;and through cost savings as a result of economies of scale, reductions in wastage, etc.;

to provide a framework within which to facilitate and encourage trade among willing partners,contracts based on standards, to eliminate trade barriers, and to promote service excellence and fairand efficient trade at all levels; and

to promote efforts to facilitate the correct application of standards through, for example, training.

Standardization involves the following:

the development, establishment and publicationof standards (covering, for example, specifications

for products, services or systems, codes of practice, and methods of test);

when appropriate, inspection and testing of products and processes for compliance with standards;

when required, formal certification by a certification body of the compliance of a product, service orsystem with one or more standards;

when appropriate, the application of standards as Technical Regulations (CompulsorySpecifications); and

administrative functions related to, amongst others, the maintenance of the national standardsdatabase.

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Contents

Page

Foreword

Introduction

1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 32 Normative references..................................................................................................................... 33 Definitions and abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 34 Principles behind the development of South African national standards and other normative

documents...................................................................................................................................... 75 Committees .................................................................................................................................. 116 New projects................................................................................................................................. 147 Development stages..................................................................................................................... 158 Appeals ........................................................................................................................................ 159 Updating and maintenance of standards...................................................................................... 1710 Copyright...................................................................................................................................... 1811 Patents ......................................................................................................................................... 19Annex A (informative) South African technical reports ..................................................................... 20

Bibliography....................................................................................................................................... 20

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Standard for standards

Part 1:The development of South African national standards and other normativedocuments

1 Scope

This part of SANS 1 describes the underlying principles and the processes of the preparation of SouthAfrican national standards and other normative documents published by the SABS Standards Division.

This part of SANS 1 is intended to guide committee members, chairpersons and SABS StandardsDivision staff, and provides background information for standards development organizations,interestedorganizations and members of the public.

It is not intended to provide detailed internal procedures since these are generally required only bySABS Standards Division staff. The SABS Standards Division will, from time to time, publish guidance

documents that relate to the practical application of the provisions of this part of SANS 1.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and internationalstandards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.

SANS 1-2, Standard for standards Part 2: Recognition of standards development organizations(SDOs) in South Africa.

World Trade Organization Code of Good Practice for the preparation, adoption and application of

standards (annex 3 to the World Trade Organization/Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement). Availablefrom http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/17-tbt_e.htm

3 Definitions and abbreviations

3.1 Definitions

3.1.1amendmentmodification, addition or deletion of specific parts of the content of a normative document

[ARP 763:2008]
http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/17-tbt_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/17-tbt_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/17-tbt_e.htm

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3.1.2compulsory specificationstandard, or part of a standard, that has been declared to be compulsory by the Minister of Trade and

Industry in terms of section 13 of the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications Act, 2008 (ActNo. 5 of 2008)

3.1.3consensusgeneral agreement, characterized by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial issues by anyimportant part of the concerned interests, and by a process that involves seeking to take into accountthe views of all parties concerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments

NOTE Consensus need not imply unanimity.

[ARP 763:2008]

3.1.4coordinating/kordinerende specificationCKSSouth African technical specification written for a specific government institution for use in tenderprocedures

3.1.5guidedocument published by the ISO or the IEC giving rules, advice or recommendations relating tointernational standardization

[ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2]

NOTE 1 The SABS Standards Division usually adopts guides as recommended practices (ARPs).

NOTE 2 Guides may address issues of interest to all users of international standards.

3.1.6normative documentdocument that provides rules, guidelines or characteristics of activities or their results

[ARP 763:2008]

NOTE The term "normative document" covers sector technical agreement, standard, technical regulation andtechnical specification.

3.1.7provisionexpression in the content of a normative document that takes the form of a statement, an instruction, arecommendation or a requirement

NOTE These types of provision are distinguished by the wording they employ; for example instructions are expressedin the imperative mood, recommendations by the use of the auxiliary "should" and requirements by the use of theauxiliary "shall".

[ARP 763:2008]

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3.1.8revisionintroduction of all the necessary changes to the substance and presentation of normative documents

NOTE The results of a revision are presented by issuing a new edition of the normative document.

[ARP 763:2008]

3.1.9secretariatpeople responsible for the administrative activities of a committee

NOTE In an SABS committee the secretariat could include the committee administrator, standards writer,chairperson and departmental manager.

3.1.10

sector technical agreementSTAnormative document that does not conflict with, or undermine, the provisions of any national standard orcompulsory specification, that has been agreed to by consensus of an identified interest group,consortium or sector, and that can be published by the SABS Standards Division

3.1.11South African national standardSANSstandard that is agreed to by consensus by a committee, subjected to public comment, approved andpublished by the SABS Standards Division

NOTE Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and aimed

at the promotion of optimum community benefits.

3.1.12South African technical reportSATRnon-normative document that is agreed to by a committee, published by the SABS Standards Divisionand that contains collected data of a different kind to a normative document as described in this part ofSANS 1 (see annex A)

NOTE A technical report cannot be converted into a national standard.

3.1.13South African technical specification

SATSnormative document that is not a South African national standard, that does not conflict with an existingnational standard, that is agreed to by a simple majority vote for provisional application, that is approved bythe SAC, and that is published by the SABS Standards Division, for which there is the future possibility ofagreement to be published as a national standard

NOTE It is published provisionally so that information and experience of its application may be gathered.

3.1.14standarddocument for common and repeated use, and that provides rules, guidelines or characteristics forproducts, services, or processes and production methods

NOTE This includes terminology, symbols, and requirements for packaging, marking or labelling as they apply to a

product, service, process or production method.

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3.1.15standardizationactivity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated

use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context

NOTE In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing standards.

[ARP 763:2008]

3.1.16standards approval committeeSACinternal committee of the SABS Standards Division responsible for the approval and allocation of all newwork items and the approval on the basis of due process of all new, revised and amended South Africannational standards and other normative documents before publication, or the withdrawal of suchdocuments, and for the approval of the formation and membership of new committees

3.1.17standards development organizationSDOorganization recognized by the SABS under section 25 of the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008)for the development of standards and other normative documents in a defined field, to be approved andpublished by the SABS Standards Division as South African national standards

3.1.18subcommitteeSCgroup of representatives that is responsible for the preparation of South African national standards andother normative and non-normative documents within a subfield of the scope of a technical committee

and that reflects valid national interests within the subfield

3.1.19technical committeeTCnational technical committeegroup of representatives that is concerned with standardization, that is responsible for identifying theneed for, and the preparation of, South African national standards and other normative and non-normative documents in a defined field and that reflects valid national interests within that field

3.1.20technical regulationdocument that, through reference to a South African national standard or parts thereof, lays down

product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, and the applicableadministrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory

NOTE Technical regulations are published in the South African Government Gazette.

3.1.21working groupWGgroup of experts appointed by a TC or SC to deal with a particular project or with a particular aspect of aproject

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3.2 Abbreviations

ARP recommended practice

CD committee draftCKS coordinating/kordinerende specificationDSS draft South African standardIEC International Electrotechnical CommissionISO International Organization for StandardizationITA industry technical agreementITU International Telecommunication UnionIWA industry workshop agreementNRS rationalized user specificationNWI new work itemNWIP new work item proposalPWI preliminary work itemSABS South African Bureau of StandardsSAC standards approval committeeSADC Southern African Development CommunitySANS South African national standardSATR South African technical reportSATS South African technical specificationSC subcommitteeSDO standards development organizationSTA sector technical agreementTC technical committeeUNECE United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeWD working draftWG working groupWTO/TBT World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade

4 Principles behind the development of South African national

standards and other normative documents

4.1 General

In addition to SANSs, the SABS Standards Division publishes other deliverables, such as SATSs, STAsand non-normative documents such as SATRs (see annex A), depending on the level of consensus.Figure 1 shows the development routes of these documents, while figure 2 shows the stages at whicheach deliverable can be published. All normative documents are published in a single numerical series,but with different prefixes.

Consensus in representative committees on the technical content of normative documents is reachedeither in formal meetings or by correspondence. The principle of consensus is applied throughout and anappeals procedure exists (see clause 8) as a last resort for the resolution of disputes. Cost-effectiveness, together with proper financial control and commitment to response and deadlines withincommittees, is essential for the efficient development of normative documents.

All SANSs and other normative documents, after having followed the appropriate procedures, aresubmitted to the SAC for approval. Once approved, the documents are released for publication.

No normative document may conflict with, or undermine, the provisions of any SANS or compulsoryspecification.

SANSs or parts thereof may be declared as compulsory specifications by the Minister of Trade andIndustry in terms of section 13 of the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications Act, 2008 (ActNo. 5 of 2008).

SANSs or parts thereof may be declared technical regulations by any Government Department that

needs to regulate a product, service, process, procedure or method.

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4.2 South African national standards

To achieve market relevance of SANSs, best practice in terms of the World Trade Organization

Technical Barriers to Trade (WTO/TBT) agreement is followed to ensure that valid interest groups arerepresented on committees and, once the committees have reached consensus, draft South Africanstandards (DSSs) are submitted for public comments.

The technical content of a standard contextualises national requirements, and needs are identified bythe committee. Standards are thus "South African national standards" and not "SABS" standards.

Under the WTO/TBT, South Africa has an obligation to base its national standards on internationalstandards where possible. The SABS Standards Division has the right to adopt ISO and IEC standardsas SANSs, however, in certain instances the SABS Standards Division has agreements in place withother regional and international standards bodies to adopt their documents subject to specific conditions.

Normative documents such as STAs, SATSs, and national, regional and international standards may beused as source documents in the development of SANSs, subject to any copyright constraints.

SANSs are reviewed regularly to ensure continued market relevance. If any change is required, arevision or an amendment can be initiated (see clause 9).

4.3 South African technical specifications

When an SATS is used as "a prototype" for an SANS, the following text, completed as appropriate, shallbe included in the foreword:

"This document is being issued as a South African technical specification, because there is an urgentneed for guidance in the field of .............................. It is a prospective standard for provisionalapplication in this field."

An SATS is published as a normative document, because

a) the required support for approval as a national standard cannot be obtained, or

b) the subject matter is still under technical development, or

c) there is another reason precluding immediate publication as a national standard.

An SATS is not submitted for public comment.

4.4 Sector technical agreements

An STA is not a national standard, but could be developed into one, if so desired by the appropriatetechnical committee or subcommittee. An STA is reviewed after three years.

An STA includes a list of participating organizations involved in its development, and may be identifiedas an ITA (industry technical agreement), IWA (industry workshop agreement), NRS (rationalized userspecification), or ARP (recommended practice). An NRS is not approved by the SAC but is sent to theSAC for information only.

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STAroute

SATR/SATSSANS

SANS1-2

SANS

(SANS1-1)CKS/SATR/SATSSTA

SABSroute SDOroute

NWI NWI NWI NWI NWI

WG WG WG WG WG

SABSTC/SC SABSTC/SC SDOTC/SC SDOTC/SC

DSS

SAC

Publication

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Deliverables

PWI

NWIP

Developmentroute

Stage0

Code00

Stage1

Code10

Stage2

Code30Buildingexpertconsensus

Stage3

Code35

Consensusbuildingwithin

TC/SC

Stage4

Code50PublicenquiryonDSS

PublicationofSANSStage5

Code60

STA

Consensustopublish

Review:3years,or

Firstcommitteedraft(CD)

CKS

SATR

Simplemajority

Noreview,or

SATS

Simplemajority

Review:3years,or

DSS

SANS

ConsensusbyTC/SCtopublish

Objectionfrompublicadequatelyresolved

Review:5years

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5 Committees

5.1 General

Committees are the backbone of the standardization process. Committees can be technical committees(TCs), subcommittees (SCs) of technical committees or working groups (WGs).

5.2 Technical committees

Technical committees shall be constituted to be representative, as far as reasonably possible,of validnational interests in the standardization of products or processes. Membership is preferablyon the basisof organization, association or forum representation as opposed to an individual basis. Organizationsnormally invited to serve on TCs include organs of state, industry associations, consumer organizationsor associations, non-government organizations, organized labour and professional, technical and tradeorganizations. Committees may invite experts to serve in any capacity, advisory or otherwise.

A new TC shall agree on its title and scope as soon as possible after its establishment. The agreed title andscope, and any subsequent proposed amendment relating thereto shall be submitted to the SAC forapproval.

NOTE The scope is a statement precisely defining the limits of the work of a TC.

Decisions taken at committee meetings are available to interested parties for information purposes.However, the discussions within committees are confidential, and therefore members of press and legalrepresentatives of committee members are not allowed to attend committee meetings, except by specialpermission from the SAC.

5.3 Membership levels and responsibilities of committee members

In order to achieve maximum efficiency and the necessary discipline in the work, each organization shallclearly indicate, with regard to each TC or SC of which it is a member, if it intends to join as

a P-member, i.e. a member that will participate actively in the work, with an obligation to respond todocuments circulated for comment or voting (or both), and to participate in, and (where applicable)vote at, meetings, or

an O-member, i.e. a member that will follow the work as an observer, and will therefore receivecommittee documents and have the right to submit comments and to participate in meetings, but notto vote.

NOTE 1 In some committees where such differentiated membership is not desired, only the rules for P-members

apply.

NOTE 2 Member organizations may request a change in membership status at any time.

NOTE 3 If a P-member has been persistently inactive and has failed to make a contribution to two consecutivemeetings, either by direct participation or by correspondence, or has failed to respond to documents circulated forcomment or voting (or both), the chairperson should remind the member of the obligation to take an active part inthe work and suggest the alternative of electing O-membership instead. In the absence of a satisfactory responseto this reminder, the member should automatically be removed from the relevant committee.

5.4 Subcommittees

TCs can form SCs to which they may delegate the responsibility of preparing standards, subject toapproval by the SAC. Similarly, TCs may dissolve SCs, subject to approval by the SAC.

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The title and scope of an SC shall be defined by the parent TC and shall be within the defined scope of theparent TC.

Members of the TC shall have the right to become members of an SC either on P-level or O-level(see 5.3). SCs are obliged to report to the TC at least once a year.

SCs are autonomous and need not seek approval from the TC for decisions within their scope ofactivities.

5.5 Working groups

A committee can set up WGs that are usually temporary in nature to undertake specific, short-termtasks, such as the preparation of a working draft (WD), or investigating the relevancy of a standard.WGs shall appoint convenors that are approved by the parent committee. The convenor may co-optexperts when required and shall report to the parent committee. WGs make recommendations to theparent committee for approval.

5.6 Committee chairperson

5.6.1 General

A chairperson of a committee is expected to have a working knowledge of standardization procedures atnational and international levels. Chairpersons are initially appointed to their position for a maximumterm of three years. They are appointed by the committee secretariat from nominations received fromthe members of the committee. Their appointment shall be approved by the SAC. Chairpersons of TCsand SCs may be external persons to the SABS Standards Division.

After the initial term a chairperson may be nominated for an extension of the chairmanship, such

extension being for a maximum term of three years. Each such extension shall follow the sameprocedure as that for the initial appointment. At the end of each such extension re-nomination may beconsidered.

The chairperson may be removed from his/her position by the SAC on recommendation by a simplemajority of P-members on the grounds of incompetence, partiality or not carrying out the duties as statedin 5.6.2. Alternatively, when a complaint has been laid against a chairperson by members of thecommittee owing to repeated incidents of not performing the duties as given in 5.6.2, the SAC shall takeappropriate action.

5.6.2 Duties of a committee chairperson

5.6.2.1 The chairperson of a committee is responsible for the overall management of that committee, and

shall ensure that he/she is updated on the activities of SCs and WGs that report to such committee, ifapplicable. For this purpose he/she shall receive reports from the chairpersons of any SCs via the SCsecretariats.

The chairpersons of both TCs and SCs shall

a) remain impartial at all times,

b) be advised by the secretariat on processes and procedures of the development of standards,

c) propose how technical comments received at the DSS stage are to be dealt with,

d) conduct meetings with a view to reaching consensus on committee drafts (CDs), and furthermore,

determine when there is consensus to progress a CD to a DSS or public enquiry,

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e) ensure at meetings that all points of view expressed are adequately summed up so that they areunderstood by all present,

f) ensure at meetings that all resolutions are clearly formulated and made available in written form by thesecretariat for confirmation during the meeting, and

g) ensure that the committees strategic policy statement and the programme of work that are publishedon the SABS website are updated annually.

5.6.2.2 In the event of an appeal against an SC decision, the TC chairperson shall chair the appealsmeeting. In the event of an appeal against a TC decision, the TC chairperson shall present the case for thecommittee. In the event of an appeal against an SC decision, the SC chairperson shall present the case forthe SC.

5.6.2.3 In case of unforeseen unavailability of the chairperson at a meeting, an acting chairperson may beelected by the participants.

5.7 Committee decisions

5.7.1 General

Decisions are taken by consensus. The process of consensus building (see clause 7) allows forrepeated opportunities for members to comment or object to earlier decisions (see clause 8).

In the case of voting on a new work item (NWI), at least 50% of P-members shall respond and theproposal shall be supported by a simple majority of the P-members voting.

In the case of voting on a CD, or public comments on a DSS, acceptance by the committee shall be donethrough consensus. However, consensus is not always possible, therefore for a CD, the support of 67%of P-members and not more than 25% negative votes may be deemed sufficient. In the case of a DSSconsensus shall be reached.

All committee members shall receive a report on the votes at a meeting or votes by correspondence (orboth) together with a schedule setting out the manner in which all comments that accompanied the voteshave been addressed.

5.7.2 Decisions taken at meetings

In a meeting a 50% attendance of P-members may not always be achieved. Members present in ameeting may take decisions even if they do not constitute a majority of the committee. In this instance,all the decisions taken at the meeting shall be clearly minuted and circulated to the whole committee as

soon as possible. The committee members shall object within 30 days of receipt of the minutes. If noobjection is received, the committees decisions shall stand.

5.7.3 Decisions taken by electronic ballot

Acceptance of an NWI by correspondence requires a response (agreement, disagreement or abstention)from at least 50% of the P-members of the committeewith a simple majority of the respondents in favour.Acceptance of a CD is based on the votes cast (see 5.7.1).

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5.8 Relations with, and participation in, international committees

Wherever practicable, the committee structure should be in alignment with that of the corresponding

international standards organization. The degree of liaison with international committees shall bedetermined by the national committeeand approved by the SAC. In practice, many committees provideinput into the development of international standards and subsequently decide to adopt theseinternational standards as SANSs.

Delegates to international standards meetings represent the views of the relevant national committee.Official communication with international TCs and SCs shall be routed through the ISO or IEC offices ofthe SABS.

5.9 Confidentiality of committee and working group meetings

Members of SABS TCs, SCs and WGs have access to privileged information. All members are thereforeexpected to respect the confidentiality of this information and to restrict the sharing of internaldiscussions and working documents, except for that which is necessary for the development of thedocument concerned and for obtaining consensus on the content. The SABS recognizes that, in order toachieve consensus within a committee, it is often necessary for members to share company-confidentialinformation in an atmosphere of mutual trust; only when technical consensus has been reached is itappropriate to release a DSS for public comment.

The committee shall prepare an agreed record of its discussions and decisions for general consumptionat an agreed interval during or after the meeting.

The chairperson has the right to refuse attendance at meetings of an organization or individual that isnot a member of a TC, SC or WG.

The SABS shall not release or publish personal data relating to members of committees and WGs.

Some personal data have to be used and shared in the framework of standardization work, but memberscollaborating in an electronic environment are required not to disseminate information such as contactdetails they have obtained as members of committees to parties other than the secretariat.

With the exception of the secretariat, nobody is allowed to make a recording of any meeting. Therecording shall be confidential and for the use of the secretariat only.

6 New projects

When a new standards project is under consideration, one of the following two routes can be followed:

a) an existing international or regional standard can be adopted, or

b) in instances where no international or regional standard exists, an SANS can be developed.

The direct adoption of existing international, regional or foreign national standards is advantageous inthat it is time-saving, cost-effective and may also bring about international or regional harmonization.This is in line with the WTO/TBT agreement. However, it might not adequately represent the full needsand requirements of the South African market.

The advantage of developing an SANS is that it will address South African needs better. It isdisadvantageous in that it is time-consuming and costly.

The final decision as to which route to follow is taken by the responsible committee. However, the SABSStandards Division is committed, wherever possible, to encourage committees to adopt international orregional standards, since this will ultimately result in global standardization, with all its benefits.

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7 Development stages

NOTE See figure 1.

7.1 Any person or organization may request a new project or standard in writing. The proposer shallsupply information justifying the development of the standard. In general, the drafting stages in thedevelopment of a standard begin after a new work item proposal (NWIP) has been accepted by theresponsible committee and approved by the SAC. The approved proposal may be a project for either anew standard or the revision of an existing standard. The committee shall agree to a target date forpublication.

7.2 A standards writer or expert on the subject matter, usually in conjunction with a WG shall beassigned the responsibility of developing WDs and addressing comments received on WDs, which arepreliminary documents.

7.3 Oncethe WG has finalized its task, the secretariat will circulate a CD to the committee (TC or SC) to

begin the consensus-building process, which entails commenting and voting on the document. The CDstage can be repeated until all comments have been resolved by the committee and consensus isreached within the TC or SC to advance the document to DSS. (See 5.7.1.)

All comments on drafts received during all stages of the project shall be collated and circulated to thecommittee. Proposed responses to each comment can be included, but the committee shall take thefinal decision.

7.4 If consensus cannot be reached within the original time frame specified, the committee shall reviewprogress and shall decide to publish the document as a lesser consensus document, for example as anSATS, or to continue efforts to obtain consensus or to cancel the project. Cancellation of a projectshould only be considered as a last resort.

7.5 The DSS is announced on the SABS website for public comment in electronic format bothnationally and internationally, and in the case of a document developed by an SC, it is also madeavailable for comment by the committee members of the TC . A comment period of 60 days is normallyrequired in terms of the World Trade Organization code of good practice for the preparation, adoptionand application of standards. A 30 days comment period applies in the case of identical adoptions ofinternational standards. Comments received at DSS stage shall be dealt with in exactly the samemanner as comments received during the CD stage (see 7.3). The sender of the comment shall benotified of the outcome. The DSS process shall be repeated if technical changes are required to bemade to the standard at this stage. If no comments are received, or no significant technical changes areintroduced, the standard is deemed to be approved by the public, and is forwarded to the SAC forapproval. After approval the document is released for publication.

NOTE In this part of SANS 1 "international standards" mean only standards issued by the Codex Alimentarius

commission, the IEC, the ISO and the ITU.

8 Appeals

8.1 General

8.1.1 P-members of a committee have the right to appeal against a decision reached by consensus, to

the TC on a decision of an SC,

the SAC on a decision of a TC, or

the CEO on a decision of the SAC.

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Appeals shall be made within ten working days of the decision taken at the meeting, or within ten daysafter the receipt by P-members of the report on votes by correspondence.

8.1.2 A P-member of a committee may appeal against any action, or inaction, on the part of a TC or anSC when such member considers that such an action or inaction is

not in accordance with this part of SANS 1, or

not in the best interests of national trade and commerce, or such public factors as safety, health orthe environment.

8.1.3 All appeals shall be in writing and shall be fully motivated to support the members concern. Thecomplaint shall state the nature of the objection(s), including, as relevant, the following:

any direct and material adverse effects,

the section(s) of the part of SANS 1 or the standard that is at issue,

actions or inactions that are at issue, and

the specific remedial action(s) that would satisfy the appellants concerns.

Previous efforts to resolve the objection(s) and the outcome of each shall be included.

8.1.4 When an appeal is against a decision in respect of work in progress, the work shall be continuedup to, but not including, approval of the standard by the SAC.

8.2 Appeal against an SC decision

8.2.1 The documented appeal shall be submitted by the P-member to the TC secretariat with copies tothe SC.

8.2.2 Upon receipt of the documented appeal, the TC secretariat shall advise all its P-members of theappeal, and take immediate action, by correspondence or at a meeting, to consider and decide on theappeal.

8.2.3 If the TC supports the SC decision, the P-member who initiated the appeal may either

accept the TC decision, or

appeal against the decision.

8.3 Appeal against a TC decision

8.3.1 Appeals against a TC decision may be one of the following two kinds:

an appeal against an original decision of a TC, or

an appeal arising out of 8.2.3.

8.3.2 The documented appeal shall, in all cases, be submitted to the SAC, with a copy to the TCchairperson and secretariat.

8.3.3 The SAC shall within one month take action to consider and decide on the appeal. The SAC shallreport the decision taken to the TC chairperson and secretariat, and send a copy to the SC chairpersonand secretariat, if relevant, as well as the appellant.

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8.3.4 If the SAC supports the TC decision, the P-member who initiated the appeal may either

accept the SAC decision, or

appeal against the SAC decision.

8.4 Appeal against an SAC decision

8.4.1 An appeal against an SAC decision can only arise out of 8.3.4.

8.4.2 The appeal shall be documented and submitted to the CEO of the SABS, with a copy to the SAC.

8.4.3 The CEO shall within one month take action to consider and decide on the appeal. The CEO shallreport his/her decision to the SAC.

8.4.4 Within the jurisdiction of the SABS the decision by the CEO is final, and the secretariat mayproceed with publication of the document.

NOTE This appeals procedure does not apply to persons who are not members of a TC or SC. Persons who are notmembers of committees may submit comments on documents issued for public comments.

9 Updating and maintenance of standards

9.1 General

Corrections to standards areissued whenever they are found to be necessary. In addition, all standardsare subject to regular review to ensure that they do not become obsolete.

9.2 Corrigenda

Typographical or editorial corrigenda are issued with the agreement of the chairperson of theresponsible committee.

9.3 Amendments

Amendments to published documents are issued when essential for the

correction of an error that could be misleading or have potentiallyserious consequences, or

alteration or addition (or both) to previously agreed-upon technical provisions thatare approved bythe committee responsible for the document.

Any person or organization may propose an amendment. The proposed text of the amendment shall besupported by a motivation.

The amendment is incorporated into the document and when approved by the committee the amendeddocument is issued as a consolidatededition carrying a new edition number.

9.4 Systematic review

All documents published by the SABS Standards Division are reviewed periodically to ensure that theyremain valid. The review period, as decided upon by the responsible committee, can bestated in theforeword of the standard. In the absence of an agreed review period, the review period is taken to be

five years.

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When reviewing a standard, the following three options shall be considered by the committee:

a) Confirmation, which means that

the document, as is, remains valid, or

the document, subject to amendment, will be considered valid.

b) Revision, which means that a revision of the entire document is to be undertaken, in accordance withthe procedure for new projects.

c) Withdrawal, which means that the document is no longer needed.

9.5 Revisions

The revision of a document, which is the same as developing a new standard, resulting in a new edition,

shall be considered when

a) a change is needed in the basic structure or layout of the document,

b) as a result of numerous amendments or for other reasons, the resultant page or clause numberinghas become confusing to such an extent that reading of the document becomes difficult,

c) the criteria for determining compliance with the document for a product or service have changed tosuch an extent, either as a result of amendments or as a result of technological changes, that thechairperson or staff members within the standards development organization responsible for thatdocument deem it necessary to issue a new edition of the document, in order to

1) draw attention to these substantially changed criteria, or

2) make the latest version of the document more readily understandable, or

d) in the case of adopted documents, a revision of the original document is issued.

10 Copyright

Many sources are used for the drafting of a particular standard, including published documents, internalcompany documents, research papers, and other standards, which could be international, national orfrom other standards development bodies. When such sources are protected by copyright, it is essentialthat the copyright owners have given their agreement to the material being reproduced in whole or inpart in an SANS, other normative documents or SATRs.

It is the responsibility of persons and representatives of organizations who contribute such material toensure that the agreement of the copyright owner has been obtained.

SANSs and other normative documents or SATRs (see figure 2) are protected by copyright. Wherethese documents are based, by agreement, on international standards (ISO, IEC, etc.) or the standardsof other standards bodies (ASTM, BSI, etc.) the SABS has the duty to protect the rights of thesecopyright owners within South Africa.

The reproduction or dissemination by electronic means of SANSs, other normative documents, SATRs,or other source documents is permitted free of charge exclusively for use in the process of standardsdevelopment under the auspices of an SABS TC or SC, although they are copyright protecteddocuments, and remain subject to certain other copying and redistribution limitations.

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SABS publications are commercial publications and may not be copied or shared on an electronicnetwork without explicit authorization from the SABS.

NOTE In the case of an STA, copyright might, under certain circumstances, be shared between the SABSStandards Division and the group, sector or consortium concerned.

When committee members submit material that they have originated, and such material is subsequentlyincluded in a normative document, the SABS Standards Division recognizes the right of the originator ofthe material to continue to reproduce the material in the form in which it was originally submitted.However, committee members are reminded that although they might have contributed part of thecontent of a standard, this does not entitle them to reproduce the entire contents of the publishedstandard without prior permission from the SABS Standards Division, nor may they lay claim to anyintellectual property rights.

11 Patents

If technical reasons justify the preparation of a standard or other normative document, which includesthe use of items covered by patent rights, the following procedures shall be complied with:

a) The originator of a proposal for an SANS or other normative document shall draw the attention of thecommittee to any patent rights of which the originator is aware and considers to cover any item of theproposal. Any party involved in the preparation of a standard or other normative document shall drawthe attention of the committee to any patent rights of which it becomes aware during any stage in thedevelopment of the document.

b) If the proposal is accepted on technical grounds, the originator shall ask any holder of such identifiedpatent rights for a statement that the holder would be willing to negotiate national licences underhis/her rights with applicants throughout the country on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms andconditions. Such negotiations are left to the parties concerned and are performed outside the SABS.

c) Whenever a person joins a committee, he/she shall declare the knowledge of the existence of anypatents concerning the field of technology covered by the scope of the committee, and shallundertake not to register any patents based on the information gathered during committee activities.

A standard and other normative document shall not be published until the statements of the holders ofall identified patent rights have been received, unless authorized by the SAC. A statement to this effectshall be included in the foreword of the standard and other normative document.

The SABS does not require that patent searches be carried out, but it is expected that all who participatein a particular standards development project draw attention to any relevant patent right of which theyare, or become, aware. The SABS Standards Division shall not be held responsible for identifying any orall such patent rights.

Should it be revealed after publication of a standard and other normative document that licences underpatent rights, which appear to cover items included in the standard, cannot be obtained underreasonable and non-discriminatory terms, the standard and other normative document shall be referredback to the relevant committee for further consideration.

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Annex A(informative)

South African technical reports

When a TC or SC has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as aSANS, the TC or SC may decide, by a simple majority vote of P-members (see 5.3), to publish suchdata in the form of an SATR. Such data may include, for example, data obtained from a survey carriedout among the industries, data on work in other international organizations or data from standards ofnational bodies on a particular subject.

An SATR is not submitted for public comment. An SATR is, however, referred to the SAC for approval.

Bibliography

ARP 763:2008/ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, Standardization and related activities General vocabulary.

ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2:2004, Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards.

SABS

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SABS Standards Division

The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South AfricanNational Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008).

Amendments and Revisions

South African National Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of South AfricanNational Standards should ensure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

The SABS continuously strives to improve the quality of its products and services and wouldtherefore be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this standard wouldinform the secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found inthe foreword.Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6666 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928

The SABS offers an individual notification service, which ensures that subscribers automaticallyreceive notification regarding amendments and revisions to South African National Standards.

Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6883 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected]

Buying Standards

Contact the Sales Office for South African and international standards, which are available in bothelectronic and hardcopy format.Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6883 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected] African National Standards are also available online from the SABS websitehttp://www.sabs.co.za

Information on Standards

The Standards Information Centre provides a wide range of standards-related information on both

national and international standards, and is the official WTO/TBT enquiry point for South Africa. TheCentre also offers an individual updating service called INFOPLUS, which ensures that subscribersautomatically receive notification regarding amendments to, and revisions of, internationalstandards.Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6666 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright

The copyright in a South African National Standard or any other publication published by the SABSStandards Division vests in the SABS. Unless exemption has been granted, no extract may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without priorwritten permission from the SABS Standards Division. This does not preclude the free use, in thecourse of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade

designations. If these details are to be used for any purpose other than implementation, prior writtenpermission must be obtained.

Details and advice can be obtained from the Senior Manager.Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6666 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.sabs.co.za/http://www.sabs.co.za/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.sabs.co.za/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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