SANTIAGO CALATRAVA

ABOUT Born : 28 July 1951

Benimàmet, Valencia, Spain

Nationality : Spanish

Education : Polytechnic University Of Valencia

Swiss Ferdral Institute Of Technology

Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish architect, sculptor and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zurich, Switzerland. He has office in Zurich, Paris and in New York, Where he now resides.

CAREERCalatrava's early career was largely dedicated to bridges and railway stations, with designs that elevated the status of civil engineering projects to new heights. His Montjuic Communications Tower in Barcelona, Spain (1991) in the heart of the 1992 Olympics site, as well as the Allen Lambert Galleria in Toronto, Canada (1992), were important works and turning points in his career, leading to a wide range of commissions. The Quadracci Pavilion (2001) of the Milwaukee Art Museum was his first building in the United States. Calatrava's entry into high-rise design began with an innovative 54-story-high twisting tower called Turning Torso (2005), located in Malmö, Sweden.

PHILOSOPHY

INSPIRATIONS Works of antony Gaudi

Human figure and nature’s creativity

Experimentation with materials and their properties

INSPIRATION FROM HUMAN BODY

INSPIRATION FROM NATURE(ANIMALS)

STYLES Blends impressive visual style and the strict rules of engineering

Symbolic AND recognizable the world over for the sense of movement captureD in a stationary object.

Long sweeping lines, stark white materials and a flawless use of glass and light.

Had a definite vision of inside and outside, the concave and convex, of how we face the specific world

CASE STUDIES1. HSB TURNING TORSO

2. PONT D’ORLEANS

3. PUENTE DE LA MUJER

HSB TURNING TORSO

HSB TURNING TORSO HSB Turning Torso is

one of the tallest residential buildings in Europe and holds apartments, offices and meeting facilities.

The vision of HSB Turning Torso is based on a sculpture called Twisting Torso by Santiago Calatrava himself. Inspiration from the human body in a twisting motion.

BUILDING FACTS 190 metres high

Consists of nine cubes with five floors each

Together with intermediate floors a total of 54 floors

Each floor has 400m² of available space.

147 apartments from cube three to nine.

Meeting facilities on the two top floors.

Each floor consists of a square part around the core and a triangular part which is supported by an external steel structure.

The entire construction twists 90 degrees on its way up with each floor tilting by 1.6 degrees

KEY DATES

• Ground breaking 14th Feb 2001

• Construction started June 2001

• Casting of foundation March 2002

• Foundations complete August 2002

• Completion date November 2005

FACADE•facade is a glass and aluminum

construction

•2,800 panels and 2,250 windows

•Follow the twist of the building, the windows are leaning either inwards or outwards by 0 to 7 degrees.

ROTATION OF FLOORSForms for the floors were rotated approx. 1.6 degrees for each floor in order to create the characteristic twist of the building.

OUTER STEEL SUPORT AND

SPINE•The steel support is a welded construction with a very thorough paint treatment for optimal protection against corrosion.

•The outer steel support consists of a steel column and 20 horizontal and 18 diagonal ”steel cigars”

LIFTS•3 lifts service the residential part of the building and HSB Turning Torso Meetings

•Two separate lifts service the offices :

ensures high capacity and minimum waiting even during “rush hour” and in the instances when a lift is closed for maintenance.

SHEETING & FOUNDATION

SFoundation: built directly on the limestone bedrock. Profiled steel plates, forming the foundation shaft, were driven 15 m. into the ground and a further 3m into the limestone bedrock

Concrete beams, poured at regular intervals on the inside of the sheeting to stabilize the steel lining against the pressure of the soil outsideConcrete construction was poured onto the bedrock, 30 meters in diameter and 7 meters thick

CLIMBING FORMS AND BEAMSEach cube were made with so-

called self-compacting concrete.

Because of its flow capacity, this type of concrete does not need vibrating.

APARTMENTS AND COMMERCIAL SPACES

There are 147 Apartments spread across the 6 floors.

• The total commercial space is approximately 4,000 m² in the lower two cubes i.e. 10 floors. •The commercial area has its own lifts and all conceivable comforts in heating, cooling and IT systems.•The top 2 floors(53rd & 54th) are used primarily for meetings.

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

PURPOSE OF THE TWIST! Apart from the fact that he made the building similar to one of his award

winning marble design,Calatrava wanted the people residing/working in the building to have a 360 degree Panoramic view of the beauty that surrounded the building.

N

PONT D’ORLEANS, FRANCE

INCLINED ARCH BRIDGE

INCLINED ARCH BRIDGE BY CALATRAVA OVER THE RIVER LOIRE ORLEANS, FRANCE

THE ARCH IS INCLINED INWARDS AT ANGLE OF 68 DEGREES

LOCATED ON ONE SIDE OF BRIDGE DECK & AS TALL AS 8 FLOORS(25 M)

TWO CONCRETE TRIPODS OF THREE INCLINED BRANCHES SUPPORT THE CENTRAL ARCH SPAN.

THE TRIPOD REPRESENTS THREE FINGERS OF THE HAND AS NATURAL EXTENSION OF ARCH.

THE OPTIMAL USE OF SUPPORT HELPS ONE OBSERVE A PERFECT OVAL ON THE WATER.

PIERS - REINFORCED CONCRETE ARCH - STEEL SUSPENDERS - STEEL ABUTMENTS - REINFORCED CONCRETE MAIN SPAN - 200 MTOTAL LENGTH - 470 MDECK WIDTH - 26 M

4 TRAFFIC LANES2 CYCLE PATHS AND 2 WALKWAYS

THE DECK IS ASSYMMERTRICAL AND CURVED FROM BOTTOM

THE DECK REPRESENTS A SHIP’S HULL AND THE

ARCH REPRESENTS MAST OF THE BOAT

THE DEPTH OF THE BOX GIRDER IS 3.25 M

THE WIDTH IS MAXIMUM AT THE CENTRE

THE TRIPODSEACH TRIPOD HAS ONE FINGER ALONG :

(BLUE) THE VISUAL CONTINUATION OF THE ARCH

COMPRESSIVE FORCES FROM ARCH

(RED) IN THE SAME PLANE SUPPORTING THE SPAN OF ARCH

(ORANGE) THE THIRD SUPPORTS THE WIDTH OF THE DECK

THE HANGERS

THE HANGERS STABLIZE THE ARCH AND DISTRIBUTE THE FORCE CREATED BY THE INCLINATION,ON THE DECK.

THE CABLES ARE PLACED EVERY 4.2 M IN THE PLANE OF ARCH

THE CABLES HAVE A DIA OF 5.5 CM &THE ONES CONNECTING THE EXTERIOR SIDE HAVE A DIA OF 3.6 CM

PUENTE DE LA MUJER

THE SWINGING BRIDGEDesigned by Calatrava,its construction was started in 1998 and got completed on 20th December 2001

It is a foot bridge and is held in its place by cantelevers(a design pioneered by Calatrava)

•Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge (this design has been pioneered by Calatrava) •Was built by the company URSSA, at its plant in Victoria, in Bilbao, Spain, and brought to Buenos Aires in several shipments. •One stabilizing pylon, pointing skyward at a 45-degree angle •Its design represents a couple dancing tango - unique asymmetrical arrangement •White pylon represents the man with rope holding the central curvature of the bridge that symbolizes the woman – a typical step of tango. •Footbridge

WORKING•Has two fixed sections and one movable part

•The pylon has cables suspending the part of the bridge that rotates 90 degrees in order to allow water traffic to pass

•When it swings the far end comes to a resting point

•The rotary section relies on a central pile of white concrete that houses the rotating mechanism

•It has a unique rotation mechanism; it’s one of the biggest of the world, with 20 electric engines commanded by a computer

WATCHING IT CLOSE

THE STRUCTURE

The metal structure of the bridge has been entirely made of steel and the straps (suspendors) are made up of galvanized steel wires of high resistance of circular section

•The big inclinated pylon it is formed by sheets of steel of different thicknesses with rigid material interiors

NUMBERS

•Total length: 170 m

•Central rotating span: 102 m

•Width of deck: 6,20 m

•Height of pylon: 39 m

•Weight: 800 tons

•Time to open: less than 2 min

•Sustaining cables: 19

CRITICAL EVALUATION

•Santiago Calatrava exemplifies sculptural expression and engineering through architecture. Calatrava’s work is like music: well orchestrated

•Even though his buildings are known for their aesthetics, they never compromise on the grounds of functionality

•He builds energy efficient structures

•The fact that much of his work is centred around water adds a further dimension to his work.

•His designs are sometimes criticized for impracticality

•All his designs are not economical

•The trainstation Gare do Oriente in Lisbon is known for being very uncomfortable, especially with wind and rainy weather.

THANK YOU

Made by :Udaiy Khanna Parth Bansal