saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia -...

1

eldar mamisTvaliSvili

ELDAR MAMISTVALISHVILI

saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia

FOREIGN POLICY AND DIPLOMACY OF GEORGIA

II

(XVII s. pirveli naxevari _Teimuraz I-is epoqa)

(The 1st Half of the XVII Century – THE ERA OF TEIMURAZ 1st)

gamomcemloba ùniversali~ Tbilisi 2011

2

UDC (uak) 94(479.22)`16~+327(479.22)(09) m – 243

XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze samefo-samTavroebad daS-

lili saqarTvelo srul mtrul garemocvaSi aRmoCnda, ra-

mac misi socialur-politikuri da kulturul-ekonomikuri

ganviTareba didad Seaferxa. osmaleTisa da iranis `wyalo-

biT~ saqarTvelo moswyda dasavleT evropis saxelmwifoeb-

sa da ruseTs. saqarTvelos mimarT mtrulad ganwyobilni

iyvnen samxreT-aRmosavleT kavkasiisa da axlo aRmosavle-

Tis is qveynebic, romlebTanac, tradiciulad, mas mWidro

urTierToba hqonda. paralelurad mimdinareobda TiTqmis

ganuwyveteli Sida brZola samflobeloebis gadanawilebisa

da pirvelobisaTvis. XVII s. 30-iani wlebidan sabolood Ca-

moyalibda mefe-mTavarTa ori koalicia (1. Teimuraz I _ gi-

orgi II da aleqsandre III, mxars uWerdnen osmaleTis sul-

Tnebi; 2. rostom mefe _ levan II dadiani _ guriis mTavari,

mxars uWerdnen iranis Sahebi). isini erTmaneTs ebrZodnen

yoveli saSualebiT. qveyana nadgurdeboda da mtrulad gan-

wyobil gareSe Zalebs saqarTvelos saSinao saqmeebSi Care-

vis xelsayrel pirobebs uqmnida.

naSromSi qarTveli mefe-mTavrebis da maTi diplomate-

bis saqmianobis mravali epizodi da faqtia gaSuqebul-gaa-

nalizebuli. magram qveynis cxovrebaSi, mis saSinao da saga-

reo urTierTobebSi gansakuTrebuli adgili mefe Teimuraz

I-s ekava. mizanSewonilad CavTvale saqarTvelos istoriis

am periods (XVII s. pirveli naxevari) daerqvas Teimuraz I-

is epoqa.

© e. mamisTvaliSvili, 2011

gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2011

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E–mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-9941-17-436-0

3

UDC (uak) 94(479.22)`16~+327(479.22)(09) M – 243

On the boundary of the XVI-XVII centuries Georgia, divided into

kingdoms and principalities, and being in a hostile surrounding immensely hindered its social, political, cultural and economic development.

`With the favour~ of Ossmalia and Iran Georgia severed from the West European countries and Russia. Even the countries of South-East Caucasus and the nearest East which traditionally had a close relation with Georgia, became hostile towards it. Continuous interior battle was going on for superiority and dividing estates. In the 30s of the XVII century two coalitions were formed of the Kings and Principles (1. Teimuraz I - Girogi II and Aleksandre III, were supported by the Sultans of Ossmalia; 2. The King Rostom - Levan II Dadiani - The Principle of Guria, were supported by the Shahs of Iran). They fought by all the means. The country was destroying and profitable environment was created for the outer hostile forces for interrupting in the internal affairs of Georgia.

The work highlights and analyzes many facts and episodes from diplomacy of the Georgian kings and principles. But the King Teimuraz I was the special king for his interior and foreign policy. To my mind, this period (the first half of the XVII century) should be called the Epoch of Teimuraz I.

anotaciisa da reziumes inglisuri Targmani mariam

zarxozaSvilisa

© E. Mamistvalishvili, 2011 Publishing House “UNIVERSAL” 19, I. Chavchavadze Ave., 0179, Tbilisi,Georgia : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-9941-17-436-0

4

Sinaarsi

winasityvaoba 7

nawili I

Teimuraz I-is sagareo politika da

diplomatia 13

Sesavali 13

I. Teimuraz I-isa da luarsab II-is urTierToba

Sah abas I-Tan (1605-1613 ww.) 43

II. Teimuraz I-is sagareo politika da

diplomatia 69

saqarTveloSi iranis intervenciis dros urTierToba osmaleTTan, ruseTTan da

Crdilo kavkasiis samTavroebTan

(1614-1625 ww.) 69

III. Teimuraz I-is diplomatiuri urTierToba

ruseTTan (1619-1625 ww.) 97

Teimuraz I-is diplomati xaritoni 101

Teimuraz I-is diplomati Teodose mangleli

reviSvili 113

IV. ajanyebuli qarTl-kaxeTis sagareo politika

da diplomatia 137

V. ra icodnen espaneTSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb 149

saqarTvelos espaneTTan da romTan diplomatiuri

urTierTobis istoriidan

(XV s. 90-ani ww. _ XVI s.) 149

qarTveli diplomati –xucesi niloKespanTsa da

romSi 150

5

espanuri masalebi XVI saukunis saqarTvelos diplomatiuri

urTierTobis istoriis zogierTi epizodis Sesaxeb 163

espanuri cnobebi svimon I-is diplomatiis Sesaxeb 181

VI. nikifore irbaxi _ Teimuraz I-is diplomati 197

ormuzis krizisi da qarTveli politikosebis

iranis ganadgurebis gegma 197

nikifores ojaxuri garemo, ganaTleba da

moRvaweobis I periodi (1626 wlamde) 205

nikifore irbaxis mogzauroba evropaSi (1625-1629 ww.) 213

nikifore irbaxi madridSi 227

nikifore irbaxi romSi 259

nikifore irbaxis samSobloSi dabruneba 278

ganxeTqileba Teimurazsa da nikifores Soris 281

VII. Teimuraz I-isa da undilaZeebis antiiranuli

ajanyeba 313

VIII. Teimuraz I-is diplomatiuri urTierToba

ruseTTan 324

Teimuraz I-is diplomati nikifore berZeni 324

Tedore Tedores Ze volkonskis da artem xvatovis

elCoba saqarTveloSi 346

nikifore mitropolitis meore elCoba moskovSi 364

Tavadi miSeckisa da diaki kluCarevis elCoba

kaxeTSi (1640-1643) 392

giorgi ColoyaSvilis elCoba moskovSi 395

Tavad ivane grigolis Zis da arqimandrit Ppaxomis

elCoba moskovSi 403

IX. mZevlis sakiTxi Teimuraz I-isa da moskovis karis

diplomatiur urTierTobaSi

(XVI s. 80-iani wlebi _ XVII s. pirveli naxevari) 418

X. Teimuraz I-is dplomatiuri urTierToba levan II

dadianTan 434

XI. erekle ufliswulis moskovSi gamgzavreba 441

6

XII. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielebi Teimuraz

I-is ruseTTan diplomatiur urTierTobaSi 446

XIII. Teimuraz I moskovSi 455

XIV. aRsasruli 480

nawili II 486

I. rostom mefis sagareo politika da

diplomatia 487

II. imereTis mefeebis _ giorgi III-isa da

aleqsandre III-is sagareo politika da

diplomatia 519

III. levan II dadianis sagareo politika da

diplomatia 575

gabriel gegenava _ levan II-is elCi moskovSi 592

odiSis samTavros urTierToba reC pospolitasa da

kazakebTan 611

levan II dadiani da nikifore irbaxi 632

`momixseneT me, codvili jvaris mamaÁ~. 650

levan II dadianis gardacvaleba da misi daxasiaTeba 655

bibliografia 659

FOREIGN POLICY AND DIPLOMACY OF GEORGIA II (XVII c. I half _ the Epoch of Teimuraz I) 672

ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ДИПЛОМАТИЯ ГРУЗИИ. II.

(Первая половина XVII в. - эпоха Теймураза I) 678

saxelTa saZiebeli 682

7

winasityvaoba

XVII s. I naxevris saqarTvelos politikisa da diplo-

matiis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi da Taviseburebebi ramdenime

cnobili qarTvelis da maTi garemocvis moRvaweobiT gani-

sazRvra. niSandoblivia, rom isini TiTqmis erTdroulad mo-

evlinen qveyanas. maT ara mxolod gareSe mters, aramed er-

TmaneTTan brZolasac Sealies TavianTi codna da gamocdi-

leba, niWi da moxerxebuloba. eseni iyvnen: qarTl-kaxeTis me-

feebi (periodulad) Teimuraz I (1606-1658) da rostomi (1533-

1658), imereTis mefeebi _ giorgi III (1605-1639) da aleqsandre

III (1639-1660), odiSis mTavari levan II dadiani (1611-1657), samxe-

dro da politikuri moRvawe didi mouravi _ giorgi saakaZe

(†1629), politikosi da diplomati 1626-1658 wlebSi _ nikifo-

re irbaxi (†659). maT (giorgi III-isa da giorgi saakaZis gar-

da), TiTqmis erTdroulad daasrules sicocxle.

sakvlevi periodis saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis

sagareo politika da diplomatia, ZiriTadad, warmarTuli

iyo xuTi mimarTulebiT. es mimarTulebebi iyo: irani, osma-

leTi, ruseTi, dasavleTi da cntraluri evropa, Crdilo

da samxreT-aRmosavleTi kavkasia. gasaTvaliswinebelia is

garemoeba, rom qarTuli politikuri erTeulebis interese-

bi, dasaxelebuli mxareebis mimarT, yovelTvis erTnairi ar

iyo. interesebis cvalebadoba ganpirobebuli iyo saSinao

da sagareo faqtorebiT.

XVII s. pirveli naxevari aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi

iranis SeiaraRebuli agresiiTa da diplomatiuri zewoliT

gamoirCeoda. Sahebis mcdeloba ymoba-vasalobis mdgomareo-

baSi CaeyenebinaT Teimuraz pirveli, am Seupovari mefisaT-

vis miuRebeli iyo. magram aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Tavisi

socialur-politikuri da ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo, ar

Seswevda Zala, calkeuli warmatebuli winaaRmdegobis miu-

xedvad, bolomde marto dapirispireboda iranis agresias,

romelic ukve daufaravad cdilobda aRmosavleT saqarTve-

loSi gaetarebina inkorporaciisa da genocidis politika.

Teimuraz mefe mTeli arsebiT cdilobda iranisaTvis dasa-

8

pirispirebeli Zala moeZebna. am mdgomareobam Teimurazi an

misi elCebi osmaleTis, evropis saxelmwifoebisa da ruse-

Tis mbrZanebelTa karze miiyvana.

iranTan samxedro dapirispirebis dros, osmaleTi sam-

cxis TandaTanobiT inkorporaciiT kmayofildeboda da, XVI

saukunisagan gansxvavebiT, igi ara mxolod aRmosavleTi sa-

qarTvelos mimarT, aramed Tavisi `xeldebuli~ dasavleT

saqarTvelos mimarTac `rbil~ politikas atarebda. osmale-

Ti cdilobda Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina Teimurazis

brZola iranis winaaRmdeg da amis gamo danarCen saqarTve-

loebsac didad ar awuxebda. osmaleTTan ruseTi jer kidev

TavdacviT brZolas awarmoebda. ruseTTan urTierTobis

gamwvaveba osmaleTis xelisuflebis interesebSi ar Sedio-

da. amitom iyo, rom igi imereTis samefos ruseTTan urTier-

Tobis gaaqtiurebaze Tvals xuWavda, radgan mas ruseTis

saxelmwifo amierkavkasiaSi seriozul mowinaaRmdeged ar

miaCnda. am or did saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis mowes-

rigeba TiTqos unda daeCqarebina imas, rom maT saerTo mte-

ri hyavdaT reC pospolitis saxiT. Mmagram es ver xerxdebo-

da imis gamo, rom osmaleTis morCili yirimis saxano ga-

mudmebul Tavdasxmebs awyobda samxreT ruseTis raionebze

da anadgurebda. Yyirimelebma erTxel (1632-1633 ww.) mosko-

vamdec miaRwies. TiTqmis aseve iqceodnen osmaleTis Savi

zRvis sanapiroebze arsebuli dasaxlebuli adgilebis mi-

marT, reC pospolitaze daqvemdebarebuli donis kazakebi da

arcTu yovelTvis moskovis xelisuflebis gamgone dnepris

kazakebi. Kzogjer kazakebic aRwevdnen stambolamde.

imave dros, iranTan dapirispirebis viTarebaSi, osma-

leTis xelisufleba cdilobda kavkasiaSi mainc SeenarCune-

bina amasiis zaviT dadgenili gavlenis sferoebi. rogorc v.

gabaSviliAaRniSnavda, amasiis zavi warmoadgenda iran-osma-

leTis agresiuli politikis instruments amierkavkasiis mi-

marT XVI-XVII saukuneebSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi iqca

iran-osmaleTis urTierTobis RerZad, romlis garSemo tri-

9

alebda amierkavkasiasTan damokidebulebis sakiTxebi1. ami-

tom iyo, rom osmaleTi viTom ver amCnevda odiSis sam-

Tavros iranTan daaxloebas. aseT viTarebaSi gaumarTlebe-

li iyo swrafva qarTveli politikosebisa Teimuraz I-is me-

TaurobiT evropisaken antiosmaluri koaliciis SeqmnisaT-

vis, maSin, rodesac Sesakavebeli iyo irani, romelic aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloSi axorcielebda xan pirdapir agresias,

xan ki igives sCadioda Tavisi satelitebis xeliT, imereTis

samefos winaaRmdeg ki, odiSis mTavars iyenebda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTveli diplomatebi, iseve, ro-

gorc XVI saukuneSi, axlac cdilobdnen da, zogjer warma-

tebasac aRwevdnen, iransa da osmaleTs Soris arsebuli wi-

naaRmdegoba gamoeyenebinaT TavianTi interesebisaTvis.

Kdidi xania mkvlevarTa yuradRebis centrSia Teimuraz

I-is mier dasavleT evropaSi gagzavnili elCoba nikifore

irbaxis (nikoloz ColoyaSvili) meTaurobiT. TiTqmisYyvela

mkvlevari erTxmad acxadebs, rom am elCobis mizani iyo an-

tiosmaluri koaliciis Seqmna, rac, Cemi azriT, ewinaaRmdege-

ba istoriul wyaroebsa da arc logikurad asaxavs sinamdvi-

les. Teimuraz mefis mizani iyo evropaSi moeZebna antiiranu-

li da ara antiosmaluri Zala (am interesma miiyvana misi

diplomati espaneTis mefis karamde, romelic Teimurazisa da

misi Tanamzraxvelebis varaudiT antiiranulad ganwyobili

unda yofiliyo. Mmagram gairkva, rom espaneTis dapirispireba

iranTan imdenad Zlieri ar iyo, rom mas antiiranuli koali-

ciis Seqmnaze ezruna. amitom, nikifore irbaxisa da espaneTis

mefis kariskacebis mier, Teimuraz I-is antiiranuli gegmis

nacvlad, Seiqmna antiosmaluri koaliciis gegma). espaneTis

mTavrobisaTvis rodesac cnobili gaxda, rom Teimurazis

gegma sruliad ewinaaRmdegeboda madridSi miRebul gadawyve-

tilebebs, qarTl-kaxeT-espaneTis diplomatiuri urTierToba

aRar gagrZelda,

qarTvelma politikosebma, rodesac sxvadasxva qveynebSi

1 gabaSvili v., qarTuli feodaluri urTierToba XVI-XVII saukune-

ebSi, Tb., 1958, gv. 70.

10

mokavSireebis niadagi unayofod mosinjes, amis Semdeg agreso-

risagan TavdacvisaTvis potenciur mokavSired ruseTi miiCni-

es. maTi azriT, ruseTsa da irans erTmaneTTan winaaRmdegobe-

bis miuxedavad, imdenad seriozuli saerTo intersebic hqon-

daT (savaWro-ekonomikuri, orive dapirispireba osmaleTis sa-

xelmwifosTan, orives unda Crdilo kavkasiaSi gabatoneba),

rom ruseTs yvela sxva saxelmwifoze metad SeeZlo diploma-

tiuri zemoqmedeba moexdina iranis xelisuflebaze. Tu ru-

seTTan urTierTobas sasurveli efeqti ar eqneboda da ruse-

Tis jari saqarTveloSi ver movidoda, maSin qarTvelebs fi-

nansuri da saWurveliT daxmareba mainc unda mieRoT. maTi va-

raudiT, ruseTi, Tavisi pragmatuli interesebidan gamomdina-

re, qarTul antiiranul Zalas unda daxmareboda, samxedro

TvalsazrisiT Zlieri, antiiranulad ganwyobili saqarTvelo,

moskovisaTvis misaRebi unda yofiliyo. Yyovelive amas emate-

boda qarTvelebisa da rusebis erTmorwmuneoba, rac Sua sau-

kuneebSi mcire mniSvnelobis faqtori ar iyo.MP

miuxedavad imisa, rom moskovis diplomatebi SahTan

molaparakebebis dros yovelTvis ayenebdnen saqarTvelos

sakiTxs da erTmorwmuneobis principis mixedviT mis damcve-

ladac gamodiodnen, Tavisi seriozuli saSinao da sagareo

problemebis gamo, ruseTs amaze Sors wasvla ar SeeZlo.

samoqalaqo omma da intervenciam moskovis saxelmwifos sa-

gareo politikis aqtiuroba Zlier Seasusta. es iTqmis ru-

seTis kavkasiur politikazec. amitom, Teimuraz I-is rwmena,

rom moskovidan miiRebda iseT daxmarebas, romliTac SeZ-

lebda iranis agresiis mogeriebas, Tavidanve warumateblo-

bisaTvis iyo ganwiruli. esec rom ar yofiliyo, simarTle

rom iTqvas, saqarTvelos dacva muslimanuri mezoblebisa-

gan, misi gaerTianeba an gaZliereba, moskovis perspeqtiul

sagareo politikur gegmaSi ar Sedioda, rac naTlad gamoC-

nda XVII s. Sua xanebSi. ruseTis politika saqarTvelos mi-

marT aseTi darCa XVIII saukunis bolomde. qarTveli politikosebi, fiqrobdnen, agreTve, Crdilo

kavkasielebis saqarTveloze Tavdasxmebi ruseTis daxmare-

biT SeeCerebinaT da moskovTan damakavSirebeli uxifaTo

gza gaeWraT.

11

XVII s. pirveli naxevari, ZiriTadad, Teimuraz I-is saq-

mianobiT gajerebuli periodia. mTel saqarTveloSi igrZno-

boda misi daucxromeli energia da Seupovroba, marTlmadi-

debluri sarwmunoebisadmi erTguleba da Tavdadeba. yvela-

feri, rac ki maSindel saqarTvelos Sida da sagareo poli-

tikaSi xdeboda, imarTeboda Teimuraz mefis mier an mimar-

Tuli iyo mis winaaRmdeg. misi ojaxisa da axloblebis tra-

gedia qveyanas Savi nisliviT awva.

maSindel, rogorc qarTul, ise ucxour dokumentebsa

da naratiul wyaroebSi, reliefurad Cans, gareSe Zalis Ca-

revis Sedegad waxalisebuli Ralatis, gautanlobis da si-

sastikis epizodebi. Cans, rogor eZebda Teimuraz mefe Seq-

mnili viTarebidan gamosavals, iyenebda an cdilobda gamoe-

yenebina yvela, met-naklebad mniSvnelovani SesaZlebloba,

raTa qveyana fizikuri ganadgurebisagan gadaerCina.

wignSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia Teimuraz I-is,

epoqis gmiris, moRvaweobas. igi periodulad iyo kaxeTis,

qarTl-kaxeTis mefe an, Sahebisagan devnili, osmaleTSi an

imereTSi TavSefarebuli, magram yovelTvis eweoda aqtiur

politikur saqmianobas.

naSromSi cal-calkea ganxiluli XVII saukunis pirve-

li naxevris saqarTvelos msxvili politikuri erTeulebis

(rostom mefis qarTlis samefo, giorgi meoris da aleq-

sandre mesamis imereTis samefo, levan dadianis odiSis sam-

Tavro) sagareo politika da diplomatia. isini ufro er-

TmaneTTan samokavSireod an sawinaaRmdegod iRvwodnen. ima-

ve saukunis 30-iani wlebidan, iranis Sahis mier gatarebuli

politikis Sedegad, sabolood Camoyalibda ori qarTuli,

erTmaneTTan dapirispirebuli dajgufeba _ Teimuraz

I_aleqsandre III da rostom mefe_levan II dadiani. xSiri

iyo maT Soris SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba. TiToeul daj-

gufebas Tavisi sagareo-politikuri orientacia hqonda: pir-

vels _ ruseTze, meores _ iranze. moskovis xelmwife mxo-

lod dapirebebiT kvebavda masze orientirebul qarTvel

politikosebs, iranis Sahebi ki, romlebic ukeTesad ic-

nobdnen saqarTvelos da mravali qarTveli didebuli Tavi-

anT samsaxursi hyavda, met warmatebas aRwevdnen.

12

sakvlevi periodi aRsavsea qarTvelebis gareSe mter-

Tan da erTmaneTTan diplomatiuri saSualebebiTa da iara-

RiT brZolis epizodebiT. miuxedavad uzarmazari msxver-

plisa, qarTvelma xalxma SeZlo TviTmyofadobis SenarCune-

ba. muslimani rostom-xanic ki, SesaZleblobis mixedviT,

qarTvelobda da qarTul-erovnul saqmes akeTebda.

winamdebare monografiis, rogorc I ise II tomSi mkiT-

xvelis yuradRebas miipyrobs sakvlevi sakiTxebisadmi qar-

Tuli werilobiTi wyaroebis nakleboba. magram Cveni qveynis

warsul Znelbedobas Tu gadavxedavT, maSin yvelaferi gasa-

gebi iqneba. TiTqmis araviTari qarTuli sabuTi an gadmoce-

ma ar gagvaCnia im qarTveli diplomatebis Sesaxeb (ara mxo-

lod maTze, romlebic mravlad warmodgenilni arian winam-

debare gamokvlevaSi, aramed es iTqmis adrindel period-

zec), romelTa saqminobaze sakmaod dawvrilebiT gvamcnobs

rusuli, dasavleTevropuli, iSviaTad magram mainc aRmosav-

luri dokumenturi an naratiuli wyaroebi. aseTi mdgomare-

oba mxolod gareSe mtrebis xSiri Tavdasxmebis, feodalu-

ri Sinaomebisa an stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegi ar unda

iyos. safiqrebelia samefo kari da samoxeleo aparati Seg-

nebulad anadgurebda sxvadasxva qveynebTan politikuri ur-

TierTobis amsaxvel sabuTebs, raTa isini islamuri saxel-

mwifoebis mbrZanebelTa xelSi ar moxvedriliyo da ar gam-

JRavnebuliyo qarTveli politikosebis diplomatiuri ur-

TierToba im qveynebTan, romlebic xSirad Cvens mezobleb-

Tan dapirispirebulni iyvnen. qarTuli diplomatiis mTavari

sazrunavic xom is iyo, rom maT winaaRmdeg mokavSire moe-

Zia. xifaTi emuqreboda ara mxolod sagareo politikuri

kursis SemmuSaveblebs, aramed imaTac, visac misi uSualo

ganxorcieleba evalebodaT. maTi diplomatiuri saqmianobis

amsaxveli sabuTebis dacva-Senaxva, savaraudoa, arasasurve-

li iyo. erT-erTi mizezi isic unda yofiliyo, rom qarTve-

li mefeebi ucxoeTSi gagzavnil elCebsa da sxva warmomad-

genlebs, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan davalebebs zepirad

abarebdnen (amgvari praqtika sxva qveynebis diplomatiur

samsaxurebsac axasiaTebda) da isini valdebulni iyvnen pa-

suxebic zepirad moetanaT.

13

nawili I

Teimuraz I-is sagareo politika

da diplomatia

14

Sesavali

amasiis sazavo xelSekrulebiT (1555 w.) iranma dasav-

leT saqarTvelo osmaleTis mflobelobaSi aRiara da didi

xnis manZilze misi am xelSekrulebis farglebSi Sekavebas

cdilobda.

osmaleTs iranTan omis dros (1578-1590 ww.) aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos dapyroba undoda da qarTl-kaxeTis same-

foebis mimarT mkacr RonisZiebebs mimarTavda. svimon I iara-

RiT ebrZoda osmalebs, xolo aleqsandre II xarkiT, diplo-

matiuri saSualebebiT da dapirebebiT kvebavda agresors da

moZalades bolomde arc is daemorCila. stambolis zaviT

(1590 w.) omis damTavrebis Semdegac qarTlis qalaqebsa da

cixe-simagreebSi osmalTa jari idga, magram qarTlis same-

fo da irani amis Seguebas ar apirebda.

marTalia, iranis mier saqarTvelos dasavleT nawil-

zeOosmaleTis uflebis aRiarebas, am ukanasknelisTvis didi

mniSvneloba hqonda, magram mas Tavis wilxvedrilze realu-

ri xelisuflebis gavrceleba nominalurad uxdeboda. da-

savleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebi mxolod simbolur

morCilebaze Tanxmdebodnen. amitom osmaleTi iZulebuli

iyo maTTan dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sakiT-

xebi, mSvidobianad, molaparakebebiT moegvarebina

Teimurazi, sxvadasxva qveynebTan urTierTobaSi, gansa-

kuTrebul mniSvnelobas diplomatias aniWebda. mas sxvadas-

xva an erTsa da imave periodSi diplomatiuri urTierToba

hqonda iranTan, osmaleTTan, ruseTTan, espaneTTan, romTan,

Crdilo kavkasiis samTavroebTan da, ra Tqma unda, qarTul

samefo-samTavroebTan. magram dasaxelebuli qveynebidan ma-

inc gansakuTrebiT unda gamovyoT sami saxelmwifo, rom-

lebTanac mTeli Tavisi moRvaweobis manZilze uxdeboda

urTierToba. eseni iyo irani, osmaleTi da ruseTi.

amaTgan, mainc gamorCeulad intensiuri da saxifaTo

(samxedro, politikuri, diplomatiuri) urTierToba hqonda

iranTan. Sesaswavl periods wiTel xazad gasdevs Teimuraz

mefis samkvdro-sasicocxlod brZola iranis Sahebis _ Sah

15

abas I-is, Sah sefis, Sah abas II-is _ winaaRmdeg. qarTveli me-

fe swors ar udebda sayovelTaod aRirebul iranis poli-

tikossa da samxedro moRvawes Sah abas I-s. rogori unda

yofiliyo patara kaxeTis mefis politikuri da SeiaraRebu-

li brZola uzarmazari saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg, rom mis

udides mbrZanebels, iranis `lomad~ Seracxul Sah abas I-s

ar morideboda imis aRiareba, rom mas, Teimurazis saxiT,

erTaderTi mteri hyavda.

Teimuraz mefis diplomatiis mTavari sazrunavi osma-

leTis an ruseTis SeiaraRebuli ZaliTa da diplomatiiT

iranis ganeitraleba iyo.

ruseTs, Teimurazis mefobis xanaSi, saqarTvelos gamo

iranTan SeiaraRebuli dapirispirebis saSualeba ar hqonda

da arc mis interesebSi Sedioda. ruseTisaTvis irani imde-

nad mniSvnelovani savaWro partniori iyo da imdenad uf-

rTxildeboda masTan urTierTobas, rom cdilobda evropis

saxelmwifoebisaTvis ruseTis teritoriaze gavliT iranTan

dakavSirebisaTvis xeli SeeSala.

osmaleTTan mimarTebaSi ruseTi mxolod TavdacviT

politikas axorcielebda da, Tu ar CavTvliT doneli kaza-

kebis sazRvao eqspediecebsa da Tavdasxmebs osmaleTisa da

yirimis sanapiro qalaqebze, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ruseTs

irani, obieqturad, osamaleTis winaaRmdeg mokavSired egu-

leboda.

amgvari viTareba aiZulebda Teimuraz mefes iranis wi-

naaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mokavSire Soreul dasavleT evro-

paSic eZebna.

* * *

gasagebi rom gaxdes Teimuraz I-is evropasTan (igu-

lisxmeba ruseTic) diplomatiuri urTierToebis warumateb-

lobis umTavresi mizezebi, Zalian mokled mainc unda ganvi-

xiloT Sah abas I-is diplomatiuri da ekonomikuri urTier-

Toba XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze, im evropul saxelmwifo-

16

ebTan, romelTa Sorisac qarTvelebi antiiranulad ganwyo-

bil mokavSires eZebdnen.

iranma XVII saukuneSi, dasustebulma da osmaleTis mi-

er damarcxebulma Seabija. aRmosavleTidan mas ozbegebi

aviwroebdnen dasavlTidan ki osmalebi. irans, kritikuli

mdgomareobidan gamosvla, mokavSireebis gareSe ar SeeZlo.

Sah abas I xedavda, rom osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi misi

mokavSireni SeiZleboda yofiliyvnen evropis is qristianuli

saxelmwifoebi, romlebsac osmaleTis dapyrobiTi da sagada-

saxado politikiT, zogs ekonomikuri interesebi elaxebo-

daT, zogi ki osmaleTis pirdapir agresias ganicdida. amave

dros, Zlieri qristianuli saxelmwifoebi iranTan vaWrobi-

Tac Zlier dainteresebulni iyvnen.

Tavisi Sors mimavali gegmebis gansaxorcieleblad.

Sah abasma qveyanaSi jer samoqalaqo da samxedro reformebi

gaatara da axali saukunis dasawyisisaTvis, ozbegebis sa-

SiSroebis likvidaciis Semdeg, sami amocanis gadawyvetas

Seudga: 1. osmalebis mier dapyrobili iranis miwebis ganTa-

visufleba; 2. osmaleTisaTvis saqarTvelos warTmeva da mi-

si muslimanur saxanod gadaqceva; 3. ruseTis gavlenis

zrdis SeCereba kavkasiaSi.

Sah abasma isargebla osmaleTis ekonomikis dacemiT,

evropaSi misi samxedro warumateblobiT da imperiis SigniT

feodaluri omebiT (jelaliebis ajanyeba). osmaleTis armia

imdenad demoralizebuli iyo, rom daiwyo dezertiroba im

doneze, rodesac calkeuli nawilebi sparselebis mxarezec

ki gadadiodnen1.

Wkvianma Sahma evropis qristianul saxelmwifoebTan

urTierTobis iseTi politikac SeimuSava, romelmac, SeiZ-

leba iTqvas, winaswar ganapiroba Teimuraz I-is proevropu-

li politikis Cavardna.

1 Пигулевская Н. В., Якубовский А. Ю., Петрушевский И. П., Строева Л. В., Беленицкий Л. М., История Ирана с древнейших времен до конца XVIII в., Л., 1958, с. 274.

17

gasaTvaliswinebelia, isic, rom XVII s. dasawyisSi Sah

abasma osmaleTTan omis ganaxlebaze droebiT xeli aiRo

da mTeli yuradReba qristianul saxelmwifoebTan kargi

urTierTobis dasamyareblad diplomatiur RonisZiebebze

gadaitana. dasavleTis iranisadmi kargi ganwyobisa da inte-

resis kidev ufro gaaqtiurebisaTvis aucilebeli iyo qris-

tianul saxelmwifoebSi iseTi saxelis damkvidreba, TiTqos

arc iranSi da arc mis sazRvrebs gareT iranis xelisufle-

ba qristianebs ki ar devnida, aramed, piriqiT, maT mimarT

keTilad ganwyobili iyo1.

abas I-s vidre imedi hqonda romis papi, germaniis impe-

ratori da espaneTis mefe saerTo mtris, osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg daxmarebas aRmouCendnen, manamde qristianebis mimarT

Semwynarebeli iyo. `Sahi ver dauSvebda qristianTa devnas

im dros, roca TviTon igi evropis xelmwifeebs TurqTagan

qristianebis dacvasa da ierusalimSi qristes saflavis ga-

Tavisuflebisaken mouwodebda~2. igi mfarvelobda da exma-

reboda kaTolike misionerebsa da sxva qristianebs, iyeneb-

da maT sxvadasxva mizniT: komerciul agentebad, elCebad

agzavnida dasavleT evropis saxelmwifoebTan diplomatiu-

ri molaparakebisaTvis da evropis savaWro kompaniebTan kav-

Siris dasamyareblad.

Sah abasis amgvarma politikam mravali mkvlevari Sec-

domaSi Seiyvana. rogorc v. gabaSvili werda, Sahi rom qris-

tianebs mfarvelobda, amis magaliTad xSirad asaxelebdnen

mis karze dawinaurebul qarTvelebs, magram amas igi umete-

sad aRzevebuli yizilbaSi amirebis erTmaneTTan dasapiris-

pireblad da gasaneitraleblad akeTebda3. abas I qarTvele-

1 Sah abasis evropis qristianuli qveynebisadmi da, zogadad, qristi-

anebisadmi damokidebulebis sakiTxi specialurad Seiswavla v. ga-

baSvilma. ix. misi qarTuli diplomatiis istoriidan (saqarTvelo

da antiosmaluri koaliciebi XVI-XVII ss.). krebulSi: masalebi sa-

qarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, nakv. 31, Tb., 1954, gv. 101-127. 2 iqve, gv. 102. 3 iqve.

18

bis rogori `moyvaruli~ iyo da rogor gaanadgura aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelo, imave evropaSi Zalian kargad iyo cnobili.

rogorc SemdegSi iTqmeva, Sah abas I-s, sxvadasxva dros

sTxovdnen qarTvelebisa da saqarTvelos dandobas im qveyne-

bis meTaurebi (romis papi, ruseTis xelmwife, espaneTis mefe),

romlebsac igi qristianebis moyvarulad aCvenebda Tavs.

Sah abasma qristianebisadmi TavisiQdamokidebuleba

oTxi muxlis saxiT naTlad Camoayaliba sagangebod SemuSa-

vebul antiosmalur gegmaSi, romelic pap klementi VIII-s

(1592-1605) gaugzavna. qristianobisadmi misi keTilganwyobis

dasadastureblad aRniSnavda, rom misi erT-erTi coli,

mravali kariskaci da iranis maRali moxele qristiani iyo.

`...iranis mefe gavleniani pirebis rCeviT Tanaxma aris mola-

parakebebi awarmoos qristianebTan, _ werda abas I paps _ da

maT mimarT Tavazianoba da keTili ganwyoba gamoxatos. igi

Tavisi surviliT gamoxatavs maTdami pativiscemas, gansaku-

TrebiT mas Semdeg, rac man colad SeirTo qarTvelebis me-

fe svimon xanis qristiani asuli1. amis gamo mis samefo kar-

ze mravali qristiani dawinaurda. ufro sworad rom iTqvas

yovelive qristianTa gankargulebas eqvemdebareba. magali-

Tad, aseTia misi jaris sardali alah verdi2 da mravali

1 Sah abass colad hyavda svimon I-is SviliSvili, giorgi X-is asu-

li, luarsab II-is da TinaTini. qarTlis cxovreba. IV. batoniSvili

vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa. teqsti dadgenili yvela

ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb., 1973. gv. 420. 2 iraneli istorikosi nasrola falsafi, romelmac specialurad

Seiswavla Sah abas I-is cxovreba da moRvaweoba (gamoqveynebulia

oTx tomad), wers: àlaverdi-xani Sah-abasis erT-erTi saxelovani,

erTguli da saqmis mcodne sardalTagani iyo... igi axalgazrdobi-

sas monad gayiduli, erTi batonidan meoris xelSi gadadioda,

vidre Sah-Tamazis samsaxurSi Cadgeboda da misi RolamTagani gax-

deboda. radganac sando, erTguli da Wkviani axalgazrda iyo, yu-

laraRasobas, anu Sahis piradi Rolamebis meTaurobas miaRwia. Sah-

abasma 1004 (1595 _ e. m.) wels hijriT igi yizilbaS sardlebs dau-

pirispira da farsis provinciis mmarTvelad (amirT-amirad) da

iranis spasalarad daniSna... alaverdi-xani mamaci, saqmismcodne,

19

sxvani~1.Eegec ar iyos, Sahis azriT, papisaTvis sasargeblo

windaxeduli, sulgrZeli da Sahis erTguli sardali iyo. am Tvi-

sebaTa wyalobiT man mcire xanSi mTeli farsis provincia daimor-

Cila, daamarcxa avSarisa da baxTiaris tomebi, romlebic qiluies

mTasa da farsis provinciis sxva adgilebSi Sahs gandgomodnen.

1010 (1602 _ e. m.) welsac laris vilaieTi, omanis zRvis sanapiro

zolTan erTad, aseve kunZuli bahreini xelT igdo.

Sah-abasi alaverdi-xans iranis yvela sxva did sardalze ufro me-

tad afasebda da pativs scemda. radganac igi xandazmuli kaci

iyo, Sahi mas mamas eZaxda. verc erTi sardali ver utoldeboda

mas Cinisa da Tanamdebobis mxriv. igi kargad SeiaraRebuli, omSi

gamowrTobili ocdaaTaTasiani cxenosani jariT, iranis samxreTiT

mdebare yvela vilaieTze, iranis yuris sanapirosa da da kunZu-

lebze mbrZaneblobda. Sah-abasi didi omebisas, romelsac osmaleT-

Tan awarmoebda, umetesad mis samxedro Zalas eyrdnoboda xolme...

alaverdi-xanis sikvdilis Semdeg Sahma farsis amirT-amiroba mis

ufros vaJs imamyuli-xans uboZa, xolo misi meore vaJi daud-xani

yarabaRis amirT-amirad da yalarTa tomis meTaurad daniSna~ (ti-

vaZe T., saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-iranis politikur urTierTo-

baSi XVII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. qarTuli samefoebis sagareo po-

litikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973, gv. 42).

1 tivaZe T., saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-iranis politikur urTi-

erTobaSi XVII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. qarTuli samefoebis saga-

reo politikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973, gv. 42.

Sah abas I-is karze dawinaurebul qarTvelTagan pirvel rigSi un-

da davasaxeloT isini, vinc politikur aminds qmnidnen iranSi

XVII saukunis pirvel mesamedSi. eseni iyvnen: undilaZeTa gvaris

sami warmomadgeneli _ alaverdi xani da misi ori vaJi _ imamyuli-

xani da daud-xani, saakaZeebis gvaridan _ giorgi da rostomi, qar-

Tlis mefe daviT XI-is (daud-xanis) ukanono Svili xosro mirza

(SemdegSi qarTlis mefe rostom xani).

imave nasrola falsafis TqmiT, `radaganac saxelmwifos bevri

gamgebeli, samefo karis didebuli, jaris sardali, megobrebi da

axlobelni Sah-abasisa qarTvelebi iyvnen da haram-xanaSic uamravi

qarTveli qali hyavda, romelnic TavianTi silamazis gamo mis sxva

colebs Soris misTvis ufro sasurvelni da masTan ufro daaxlo-

ebulni iyvnen, Sahi qarTul enasac daufleboda. don garsia (espa-

neTis mefis elCi...) Tavis mogzaurobis wignSi wers, rom erT dRes

audienciisas man osmaleTis elCi, radganac mas Tavze Calma exu-

20

iqneboda imis codna, rom alis moZRvrebaze damyarebuli

muslimanuri samarTali (gansxvavebiT omaris moZRvrebisa-

gan, romelsac emyareba Turqebis samarTali), qristianobi-

sadmi Semwynarebluria. sayuradReboa mesame muxli, romel-

Sic kargad Cans Sah abasis, rogorc diplomatis niWi: man

kargad icis aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebeli qristianebi-

sadmi papis damokidebuleba da pirdeboda iransa da misi

gavlenis qveS myof qveynebSi mcxovrebi arakaTolike qris-

tianebs, maT Soris qarTvelebs, mis taxts daumorCilebda.

Sah abasi paps pirdeboda, agreTve, mis samflobeloeb-

Si kaTolike qristianebs eqnebodaT TavianTi RvTismsaxure-

bis Tavisuflad Sesrulebis, qadagebis da privilegiebis

ufleba.Bbolo, meoTxe muxlSi, Sahi imeds gamosTqvamda,

rom paps SekiTxvebi da, SeiZleba, pretenziebic gauCndebo-

da. maTi mogvareba moxdeboda papsa da Sahs Soris Semdgomi

molaparakebiT1. isic sainteresoa, rom Sahma Tavis mier Se-

muSavebuli antiosmaluri gegma paps qristiani entoni Sir-

lis2 xeliT gaugzavna.

entoni Sirli Tavis Zma robertTan erTad, saku-

Tari iniciativiT, 1598 wels gaemgzavra iranSi in-

glis-irns Soris savaWro kavSiris ganmtkicebisa da

Sah abasis evropis saxelmwifoebTan erTad osmaleTis

winaaRmdeg omisaTvis wasaqezeblad. 1599 wlis 25 ian-

vars entoni Sahs Sexvda da gaacno Tavisi gegma ira-

nis evropis saxelmwifoebTan antiosmaluri ligis

Seqmnis Sesaxeb. Sahs moewona entonis gegma. magram

ra, iranis sasuliero wodebis did pirad CaTvala. Sahma misi Sec-

doma rom gaigo, bevri icina. osmaleTis elCi rom arafers mim-

xvdariyo, Sahma espaneTis elCs qarTulad auxsna saqmis viTareba.

saubars Targmnida espanuri da qarTuli enebis mcodne Tarjimani~

(ucxouri literaturis referatuli krebuli, gv. 20).

1 Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, p. 78. 2 Полиевктов М. А., Европейские путешественники XIII-XVIII вв. по Кавказу, Тифлис, 1935, с. 175-176; История Ирана с древнейших времен до конца XVIII века, М., 1958, с. 273; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 30-33.

21

osmaleTis winaaRmdeg warmatebuli omis sawarmoeblad au-

cilebeli iyo yizilbaSuri laSqris gardaqmna. Zmebma Sir-

lebma mniSvnelovani roli Seasrules Sah abasis jaris re-

organizaciis saqmeSi. maT iranSi Caiyvanes zarbaznebis Ca-

momsxmeli ostatebi, romlebic Sahs jaris gadaiaraRebaSi

daexmarnen. sul male Sahs hyavda 500 zarbazniTa da 60 aTa-

si xelTofiT SeiaraRebuli regularuli armia.

Sahma, antiosmaluri ligis Sesaqmnelad, entoni Sir-

lis evropis saxelmwifoebTan molaparakeba daavala. elCo-

bas meore meTauric hyavda _ sparsi husein ali begi. elCoba

25 kacis SemadgenlobiT, 1599 wlis aprilis dasasruls an

maisis dasawyisSi ispaanidan gavida. Sirlis Sahis werilebi

mihqonda dasavleT evropis TiTqmis yvela qveynis meTaur-

Tan: romis papTan, imperator rudolf II-sTan, safrangeTis,

espaneTis, Sotlandiis, reC pospolitis mefeebTan, inglisis

dedofalTan, eseqsis grafTan, veneciis senioriasTan da

toskanis did hercogTan. elCoba ruseTis gavliT wavida da

1600 wlis 11 oqtombers ukve praRaSi iyo

1601 wlis 25 aprils e. Sirlim pap klementi VIII-s Sah

abasis werili gadasca. sainteresoa, romPpapma 1601 wlis 24

Tebervals Sahis qarTvel meuRles, TinaTins, epistole gaug-

zavna. GCans, rodesac papi TinaTins werils ugzavnida jer

miRebuli ar hqonda Sahis is werili, romlis Sinaarssac ze-

moT gavecaniT. magram papis werili, gamoxmaurebaa swored

Sahis werilisa. papma icis Sahis werilis Sinaarsi. Ees gare-

moeba safiqrals xdis, rom an papma miiRo Sahis werili aR-

niSnul TariRTan SedarebiT adre an misi werilia dawerili

gvian. ueWvelia, rom romeliRac TariRi arasworia. am eWvis

gamoTqmis safuZvlianobaSi davrwmindebiT papis mier TinaTi-

nisaTvis gagzavnili werilis Sinaarsis gacnobis Semdeg.

Kklementi VIII-is werili, reliefurad gviCvenebs Sah

abasisa da papis interesebs. Ppirveli cdilobs radac ar

unda daujdes aamoqmedos evropelebi osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg, meores ki unda iranis kritikuli mdgomareobiT isar-

geblos da miaRwios romis kaTolikuri eklesiis gavlenis

gafarToebas aRmosavleTSi. isic naTlad Cans, rogori

22

mcdari warmodgena hqondaT evropaSi Sah abasis pirovneba-

ze, mis damokidebulebaze qristianobisa da qristianebis mi-

marT. papi cdilobs ubiZgos TinaTins qmarze zemoqmedebisa-

ken kaTolicizmis sasargeblod da rogor gulubryvilod

sjera paps, rom qarTveli meuRlis STagonebiT Sah abasma

SeiZleba qristianoba aRiaros.

miuxedavad imisa, rom papis werili TinaTinisadmi

Targmnili da gamoqveynebulia qarTulad, mainc mizanSewo-

nilad mimaCnia misi SemoklebiT citireba.

`pap klement VIII-is werili qristes sjulis mimdevar

saTno qalwuls, iranis brwyinvale dedofals!

...Tqveni meuRle (abas I _e.m.), iranis yvelaze guladi

mefe qristianma dedam Sva1 da, rogorc Cven SevityveT meuR-

lec (TinaTini _e.m.) qristiani hyolia2... ase, rom Tqvenis

meSveobiT iranis mefec qristianuli WeSmaritebiTa da

rwmeniTaa sxivmofenili. rogorc Cven SevityveT, Tqveni me-

uRle dajildovebulia keTilSobiluri bunebiT, SesaniSna-

vi agebulebiTa da maxvili gonebiT, magram WeSmarit qris-

tianul sarwmunoebisadmi... undoblobas iCens. Mmas, samefo

karze Tqvens garda, romelic mis didebul gvirgvins Se-

bilwvisagan icavs, hyavs maRal Tanamdebobaze dawinaurebu-

li misTvis sayvareli qristianebi, an kidev iseTni, romel-

nic qristes sjulze moqcevis survils gamoTqvamen. Mmefe,

RvTis nebarTviTa da surviliT Cvendami keTilad ganewyo;

CvenTan namdvili da mtkice megobroba surs; kaTolikuri

eklesia xom mama da mwyemsia mTeli saqristianosi. mefis

survilia Cveni mRvdlebi gaugzavnoT, romlebic mefisave

nebarTviT aageben eklesiebs da aRiareben WeSmarit RmerTs,

romelmac Seqmna samyaro.

Cvenamde moRweuli sasiamovno cnobebis safuZvelze,

Tuki isini sinamdviles Seesabameba, iranis mpyrobelma gu-

1 CemTvis cnobil wyaroebSi, pirvelad Sevxvdi cnobas Sah abas I-is

dedis qarTvelobis Sesaxeb. 2 Ggansxvavebuli SriftiT gamoyofa aqac da SemdegSic Cemia.

23

lisxmiereba unda gamoiCinos qristianTa mimarT. Amis Sem-

deg ki, RmerTis wyalobiT aRzevdeba qristianuli sarwmu-

noeba im saqveynod cnobil saxelmwifoebSi, sadac Zvelad

muhamedamde codvili cduneba zeimobda. RmerTis madliT,

didia saxeli da qeba-dideba Tqveni meuRlis. Yyovelives ga-

mo, da Tqveni brZnuli SorsmWvretelobis wyalobiT, Sahi

advilad SesZlebs CvenTan megobruli urTierTobis damya-

rebas da misi humanuri qmedebani maRalSefasebuli iqneba

Cvens mier. rogorc Tqvenc mogexsenebaT, pirvelyovlisa sa-

Wiroa WeSmariti sarwmunoebis aRiareba mefis mxridan... ada-

miani mxolod naTlobiTa da qristes sjulze moqceviT Se-

dis qristes samwysoSi da es adgili kaTolikuri eklesiaa.

Amis Semdeg, meuRle Tqveni gaxdeba qristes Tayvanismcemeli

da wminda saqmisadmi suliskveTebiT gamsWvaluli.

Tu Tqveni yvelaze medgari mefe da meuRle... did wyalo-

bas gaiRebs Tavisi Tavis, mTeli Tavisi samefos da iq mcxov-

rebi xalxebisaTvis, da miaRebinebs maT qristes sjuls, amaze

saxarbielo da brwyinvale saqme sxva ara iqneboda ra...

yovelivesTan erTad, mefes zurgs gaumagrebs Cveni

Zlieri rwmena, RvTis sayvareli Svilebis, qristiani mefee-

bisa da didgvarovanTa uSualo daxmarebiT Tqveni meuRle

saZulveli Turqebis didi risxva gaxdeba. Oorive mxarisaT-

vis sastiki mteri _ TurqeTi, romelic did safrTxes uq-

mnis mTels saqristianos, Tavzardacemuli iqneba Cveni me-

gobruli kavSiriT. aseTi gziT, mefe gaanadgurebs tirans,

romelic miiswrafvis mTeli aziis damorCilebisaken, xolo

Tqvens meuRles, RvTis wyalobiT SesaZlebloba eqneba gaa-

Tavisuflos is mravalricxovani xalxebi, romlebic Turqe-

bis uRlis qveS itanjebian...~1

saeWvoa, rom papis werilma dedoflamde miaRwia. gin-

1 Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia end The Papal Mission of the XVII the and XVIII the centuries, I London, 1939, p. 87-91; `karmelitebis qronika~ saqar-

Tveloze (XVII-XVIII saukuneebi), Sesavali, Targmani da komentare-

bi q. pavliaSvilisa, Tb., 1999, gv. 28-30.

24

dac rom dedofali gascnoboda papis Txovnasa da mowode-

bebs, imaze meti mainc ver gakeTdeboda, rasac Sahi Tavis

samflobeloebSi evropeli da rusi mbrZanelebis dasanaxad

qristianebis mimarT akeTebda. amis Sesaxeb Sesabamisi in-

formacia iranidan dasavleTSi kidec igzavneboda.

XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze erT-erTma portugalielma

emanuel de santosma, romelic goaSi cxovrobda, imogzaura

iranSi, Tavisi TvaliT naxa da yuriT moismina Sahis brZane-

ba im qristianebis Sesaxeb, vinc iranSi cxovrebas moisur-

vebdnen. aseT pirovnebas èqneboda mSvidobiani cxovreba da

SeZlebda da Tavisuflad Seasrulebda religiur wesebsa

da wirva-locvas~1. vropamde miRweul amgvar cnobebs, for-

maluri reqcia mosdevda. magram es ar akmayofilebda Sah

abass. mas realuri daxmareba sWirdeboda.

entoni Sirlis evropaSi warumatebeli elCobis Semdeg

Sah abasis ukmayofileba ufro gaZlierda. safrangeTis me-

fem Sahis elCi ar miiRo. ufro metic, 29 oqtombers anri

IV-m Tavis elCs konstantinopolSi miswera, rom Sahis el-

Cis evropaSi Casvla, dauyovnebliv Sahis mtris, sulTnisaT-

vis ecnobebina,2.

7 noembers Sahis elCi praRaSi imperatorma rudolf

II-m miiRo. man Tanxmoba ganacxada iranTan erTad osmaleTis

winaaRmdeg brZolaze. veneciis senioriam Sirli ar miiRo.

1601 wlis 5 aprils elCoba romSi mivida, 25-Si Sirlim pap-

Tan audienciisas, Sahis werili gadasca. inglisis dedo-

falma Sirli inglisSi ar SeuSva. safrangeTis mTavrobam

uari ganacxada atiosmalur ligaSi monawileobaze. amis

Semdeg entoni Sirli espaneTSi gaemgzavra, sadac mefis sam-

saxurSi Sevida da samudamod iq darCa. 1611 wels igi mad-

ridSi Sexvda Tavis Zmas roberts, romelic Sah abasis el-

Cis saxiT espaneTis mefe filipe III-s (1598-1621) ewvia. Mmisi

mizani iyo espaneTis mefe da evropis sxva mefeebic iranTan

1 Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, p. 80. 2 Jules Berger Xivrey, Recueil des lettres missives de Henri IV, Paris, 1853, p. 334.

25

savaWro urTierTobis ganviTarebis sargeblianobaSi daer-

wmunebina. roberti Sahs mouwodebda osmaleTTan zavis da-

debis aucileblobisaken. maSasadame, Zmebis politika osma-

leTis mimarT radikalurad gansxvavdeboda1.

rogorc gamoCnda, dasavleTma, sxvadasxva mizeziT, Sah

abasis osmaleTTan brZolis gegmas mxari ar dauWira. miuxe-

davad amisa, Sahma mainc seriozul samxedro warmatebas mi-

aRwia 1602-1606 wlebSi. iranma daibruna yvela is teritoria,

romelic 1590 wlis stambolis zaviT dakarga.

1604 wlis 22 aprils iranSi Cavida espaneTis mefe fi-

lipe III-is elCoba, romelsac meTaurobda portugalieli

diplomati luiS pereira de laserda. elCobaSi imyofebod-

nen avgustinelTa ordenis berebi belSior duS anJuSi da

gilierm di santo agoStinio. ispaanSi misul elCebs Sah aba-

si dedaqalaqSi ar daxvdaT. igi osmalebTan omis gamo ar-

zrumTan idga. elCebi masTan gaemgzavrnen. Sahma isini didi

pativiT miiRo, Semdeg ki yazvinSi miiwvia.

espaneTis mefis es elCoba imiTic aris saintereso,

rom misi wevrebi iranSi Sexvdnen kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre

II-s, romelmac erT-erTi maTgani, Tavis samefoSi miipatiJa,

magram uari miiRo. belSior duS anJuSma Sahis karze gaic-

no samcxis aTabagi manuCar II, romelic r. gulbenkians odi-

Sis mTavari manuCar I (1590-1611) egona2.

iran-osmaleTis omis msvlelobis dros dasavleT ev-

ropis saxelmwifoebis interesebi am omis mosalodneli Se-

degebisadmi, erTnairi ar iyo. papi, germaniis imperatori,

reC pospolitisa da espaneTis mefeebi dainteresebulni iy-

vnen iranis gamarjvebiT an orive mebrZoli mxaris dasuste-

biT. imisaTvis, rom Sah abasi waeqezebinaT osmaleTis wina-

aRmdeg, papma klement VIII-m 1604 wels karmeliti berebi _

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi (XIII-

XX s-is pirveli meoTxedi), III (1628-1633), Tb., 1987, gv. 33-34. 2 Gulbenkian R., L’Ambassade en Perse de Luis pereira de Lacerda et des Pères Portugais de l’Ordre de Saint-Augustin, elchior dos Anjos et Guilherme de Santo Agostino, 1604-1605, Lisbonne, 1972, p. 102.

26

pavle simoni, ioane TadeuSi da vinsenti _ iranSi gagzvna.

maT waiRes evropis saxelmwifoTa meTaurebis werilebic.

werilebSi saubari iyo iranisadmi daxmarebis dapirebaze

da iyo mowodeba osmaleTTan omis ar SewyvetisaTvis. Mmisi-

onerebs rogorc samxedro eqsperti, mihyveboda samxedro

saqmis mcodne da gamocdili meomari, flandriis brZole-

bis monawile espaneli (aragoneli) raindi franCesko rio-

dolodi. mas unda Seeswavla iranis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

mdgomareoba, da rogor SeiZleboda misTvis daxmarebis ga-

weva. Mmisionerebi iranSi ruseTis gziT gaemgzavrnen. astra-

xanSi gardaicvala riodolodi.

1607 wlis bolos elCebi ispaanSi mividnen. imave dRes

maT ewviaT `qalaqis mmarTveli Sahis mona... erovnebiT qar-

Tveli, romelic bavSvobidan gandgomia Tavis sarwmunoebas...

man uxvad gamogvigzavna sxvadasxva produqti, vaxSmad gvew-

via, bevri gvaqo da gviTxra, rom TviTonac qristiani iyo~1,

wers elCobis meTauri pavle simoni. Ppapis elCi gulis-

xmobs Sah abasis gamoCenil saxelmwifo moRvawes, farsis

beglarbegs, alaverdi-xans.

1608 wlis 3 ianvars Sahma papis elCebi miiRo. audien-

ciis dros man ukmayofileba gamoTqva 1606 wels osmaleT-

avstriis mier sitvatorokSi dadebuli zavis gamo, romli-

Tac osmalebma, ara mxolod teritoriuli upiratesoba moi-

poves, aramed avstriis mier yovelwliurad gadasaxdel

xarkze, 30 aTas dukatzec ki uari Tqves2. Sahi aRSfoTebuli

iyo imis gamo, rom avstrias warmatebis Sansi hqonda da am

dros man zavi dado osmaleTTan. papis elCebma SahTan sai-

dumlo Sexvedra moiTxoves. Sahma elCebis am moTxovnis dak-

mayofilebaze Tanxmoba ganacxada im pirobiT, rom pavle si-

moni werilobiT Camoayalibebda romis papis osmaleTis sa-

winaaRmdego winadadebebs.

pavle simonma Sahis moTxovna daakmayofila da weri-

1 Chronicle of the Carmelites in persia, p. 119. 2 Creasy E. S., History of the Ottoman Turks, Beirut, 1961, p. 239-240.

27

lobiT warudgina Tavisi elCobis momzadebis, misi miznebi-

sa da amocanebis Sesaxeb. moxsenebaSi naTqvami iyo, rom is

rac papma Sahs SemouTvala SeTanxmebuli iyo dasavleT ev-

ropis mefeebTan da mTavrebTan. isini mzad arian erTobli-

vad gamovidnen osmaleTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. papi

Sahs sTavazobs samxedro saqmis ostatebis gagzvnas, mudmivi

elCebis yolas romsa da ispaanSi, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos

saidumlo molaparakebebis warmoeba da erTmaneTisaTvis

zusti informaciis miwodeba. rogorcPpavle simoni gad-

mogvcems, `Sah abasma ganacxada, rom papis mier gamogzavnil

winadadebebs pasuxs werilobiT gascems da saidumlo be-

Weds dausvams. Ees beWedi romis papisa da qristiani mefee-

bisadmi gagzavnil werilebs gasaidumloebul saxes miscems.

momavalSi igi aRar endoba im werilebs, romelTac aseTi

saidumlo beWedi ar eqneba dasmuli. Sahma aRmiTqva, rom

uaxloes momavalSi, momcemda Cemi uwmindesobisa da qristi-

ani mefeebisaTvis wasaRebad werilebs. man vazirs ubrZana,

rom evropidan (gamogzavnil _e.m.) werilebze pasuxebi sas-

wrafod daweriliyo da CemTvis gadmoecaT. rodesac vazir-

ma Sahs papis miTiTebebis meeqvse punqti waukiTxa, man aRniS-

na, rom TviT me viyavi mowme qristianebisadmi misi lmobie-

ri mopyrobisa da iqve daumata, rom papis mier saCuqrad ga-

mogzavnili jvari man saqarTvelos mefes gaugzavna, xolo

sakuTari xeliT damzadebuli xis jvari ki patriarqs~1.

evropaSi saomari moqmedebis Sewyvetis Semdeg sul-

Tanma daiwyo jarebis gadmoyvana aRmosavleTSi iranis

frontze. SeSfoTebulma Sahma mokavSiris mosaZebnad evro-

paSi gaagzavna ori elCoba: erTi, 1607 wels julfeli va-

Wris SioSis meTaurobiT2, meore ki 1608 wels praRaSi. anti-

1 Chronicle of the Carmelites in persia, p. 124-129; gabaSvili v., dasax. naSr.,

gv. 102-103. 2 Байбуртян В. А., Армянская колония Новой Джульфы в XVII в. (Роль Новой Джульфы в ирано-европейских политических и экономических связях), Ереван, 1969.

28

osmaluri koaliciis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT papis winada-

debebze Tavisi pasuxi Sah abasma gaatana entoni Sirlis

Zmas roberts1, romelic entonis evropaSi gagzavnis Semdeg

mZevlad daitova. Sah abass kvlav gamocdili qristiani das-

Wirda, romelic papTan uSualo kontaqts daamyarebda. aseT

pirovnebad man robert Sirli miiCnia. masTan erTad espa-

neTSi gaemgzavra Cengiz-beg rumlu da somexi vaWari axali

julfidan xoja safari2.

Sahma paps gaugzavna antiosmaluri ligis Seqmnis geg-

ma, romlis Sinaarsi mdgomareobda SemdegSi: Sahis azriT:

1) osmaleTze dartymis mTavari Zala espaneTi unda yo-

filiyo. am saxelmwifos SeuZlia Tavisi uzarmazari

flotis saSualebiT seriozuli ziani miayenos osamale-

Tis imperiis samflobeloebs xmelTaSua zRvaSi da ro-

ca siriasa da alepos Seuteven, maSin moxdeba iranisa

da espaneTis jarebis gaerTianeba; 2) yvela qristiani

xelmwife osmaleTs eomos Tavisi teritoriidan; 3) papma

gamoiyenos Tavisi avtoriteti da gavlena, raTa aRikve-

Tos qristianuli saxelmwifoebis megobruli urTierTo-

ba osmalTTan. maTi mTeli energia warimarTos osmale-

Tis winaaRmdeg; 4) zogierT qristianul saxelmwifoeb-

Tan kargi urTierTobis Sedegad sulTani iRebs Seiara-

Rebas da mdidrdeba qristiani vaWrebis fuliT; 5) qris-

tiani vaWrebis saSualebiT sulTani yovelgvar informa-

cias moipovebs imaze, rac mis mowinaaRmdege banakSi

1 miuxedavad imisa, rom entoni Sirlim Sahis ndoba ver gaamarTla

da iranSi aRar dabrunda, misi Zma roberti patiosnad msaxurobda

Sahis jarSi, xels uwyobda mis gadaiaraRebasa da gawvrTnas. uf-

ro metic, man Tavi gamoiCina 1605 wlis 6 noembers osmalebTan

Caldiranis brZolaSi da samjer daiWra kidec. Sah abasma roberti

daaqorwina Cerqezebis beladis ismail-xanis asulze da amis Sem-

deg igi evropaSi elCad gagzavna (Estat de la Perse en 1660 par le P. Rafael du Mans Superieur da la vaison des capucins d’Isphahan, Paris, 1890, p. XV-XVI.). 2 Тер-Аветысян, Город Джуга. Материалы по истории торговых сношений джульфинских купцов XV-XVII вв., Еб., 1937, с. 86.

29

xdeba; 6) qristianebis aseTi urTierToba sulTanTan papma

unda aRkveTos; 7) Sahs mizanSewonilad miaCnia qristianuli

mokavSire saxelmwifoebis dedaqalaqebSi sruluflebiani

elCebis daniSvna, raTa mokavSireebma sruli informacia

iqonion erTmaneTis Sesaxeb. papis elCi, imave dros, Sahis

samflobeloebSi mcxovrebi qristianebis winamZRoli iqneba;

8) Sahi paps sTavazobs eCmiaZinSi dasvas arqiepiskoposi, ro-

melic somxebs daarwmunebs da paps daumorCilebs; 9) iranSi

gaigzavnon kaTolike misionerebi, romlebic TavianTi keTi-

li qceviT samagaliToni iqnebodnen Sahis qveSvrdomebisaT-

vis; 10) kvlav xazgasmulia antiosmaluri kavSiris Seqmnis

aucilebloba da mniSvneloba1.

dasavleT evropaSi Aarc Sah abasis am antiosmalur

gegmas dauWires mxari, ramac Sahi didad aRaSfoTa. 1609

wlis 5 maiss man avgustinel misionerebs pirdapir uTxra:

Tu espaneTis mefe osmaleTTan oms ar daiwyebs, maSin maT

SeuZliaT datovon irani, radgan mas isini aRar sWirdeba.

qristian xelmwifeebs mxolod is surT, rom osmalebma da

sparselebma erTmaneTi gaanadguron da amiT muslimanuri

religia moispos2.

ukve iTqva, rom Sah abasi dasvleT evropasTan diplo-

matiuri urTierTobis dros, gansakuTrebiT romis papTan

gagzavnil werilebSi, qristianobis sakiTxis ganxilvisas,

yuradRebas gansakuTrebiT amaxvilebda Tavis samflobelo-

ebSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva erovnebis qristianebze da maTi

kaTolikuri eklesiisadmi damorCilebas ar gamoricxavda.

sainteresoa gairkves, ratom midioda Sahi aseT daTmo-

baze, rogorc amis Sesaxeb naTqvamia mis werilebsa Tu ze-

pir gancxadebebSi. Sah abasi rom kargad erkveoda religiis

sakiTxebSi, amas erTxmad aRniSnaven Tanamedrove evropeli

damkvirveblebi da mis mier qristianuli dogmebis codnis

1 Chronicle of the Carmelites in persia, p. 124-129; gabaSvili v., dasax. naSr.,

gv. 108-109. 2 Chronicle of the Carmelites in persia, p. 169.

30

gamo gaocebas ver malavdnen. abasis qristianuli religiis

sakiTxebSi aseT ganswavlulobas, qristian qarTvelebTan

misi naTesaobiT xsnidnen.

Sah abasi kargad erkveoda sxvadasxva religiur mimdi-

nareobSi, imaSi Tu riTi gansxvavdebodnen isini erTmaneTi-

sagan, rogori winaaRmdegoba arsebobda maT Soris da cdi-

lobda xelovnuradac gaemwvavebina religiuri dapirispire-

ba sxvadasxva xalxebs Soris ise, rom Tavisi politikuri

miznebi ganexorcielebina.

v. gabaSvili aRniSnavda, rom SahisaTvis rusTa er-

Tmorwmune marTlmadidebeli qarTvelis gakaTolikeba uf-

ro sasurveli iyo, vidre marTlmadideblobaSi darCena. ga-

moricxuli ar iyo, Sah abass qarTvelebis swored kaToli-

kobasTan daaxloebis mizniT, evropaSi mimavali kaTolike

misioneri TadeuSisaTvis daevalebina aucileblad Teimu-

raz mefis samflobeloze gaevlo. Teimuraz mefem TadeuSs

sTxova romis papTan eSuamdgomla, raTa mas saqarTveloSi

kaTolikeTa misioni gaexsna. asve, safiqrebelia, Sahs undo-

da Teimurazs TadeuSis xeliT epistoleebi gaegzavna ro-

gorc romis papTan, ise evropis qristian xelmwifeebTan. Sah

abasi amiT, savaraudoa, ori miznis miRwevas apirebda: `Tei-

muraz mefis kaTolikur dasavleT evropasTan urTierToba

moskovis mefes marTlmadideblur qristianobasTan dakavSi-

rebul im kozirs daakargvinebda, romelic mis kavSirs ka-

xeTTan mtkice safuZvels uqmnida. Amas SeiZleboda is Sede-

gic mohyoloda, rom kaTolike misionerTa saqarTveloSi

moRvaweobas aq marTlmadidebloba Seesustebina~1. swored

am mizniT unda yofiliyo Sah abasis mier is naTqvami, ro-

melsac antonio govea2 1611 wels Tavis `samaxsovro iranSi

1 gabaSvili v., dasax. naSr., gv. 111. 2 govea fransisko, antonio de (1575_1628), portugalieli misioneri

da istorikosi, avgustineli beri. 1597 w. gaemgzavra indoeTSi. mona-

wileobda espaneTis mefe filipe III-is mier 1604 wels gagzavnil

elCobaSi, romelsac daevala savaWro urTierTobis damyareba iran-

Tan. 1611-Si goveam Tavisi mogzaurobis `cnobebi~ lisabonSi gamoaq-

31

qristianobis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb~, gadmogvcems. igi Tavad

Seswrebia Sah abasi rogor arigebda (albaT, antonio goveas

dasanaxad da gasagonad) qarTvelTa elCebs: ùTxariT

Tqvens mefes, Tu is qristiania, unda emorCilebodes romis

uwmindes paps, vinaidan me kargad vici, rom is, vinc amas ar

akeTebs _ is ar aris kargi qristiani~1.

Sah abasisaTvis naTeli iyo, rom marTlmadidebluri saqarTvelos da ruseTis kavSiri, iranis momavlisaTvis, udides saSiSroebas Seicavda. radgan saqarTvelos muslimi-zacias perspeqtiva ar hqonda,Aamitom Sahi cdilobda es ori qristianuli saxelmwifo erTmaneTTan idologiurad daepi-rispirebina, rac maT Soris iranis sawinaaRmdego kavSirs gamoricxavda. Sua saukuneebSi ama Tu im qveyanaSi gabatone-buli religia radgan, imave dros, ideologiac iyo, Sahis varaudiT, saqarTveloSi kaTolicizmis gamarjveba TavisTa-vad gamoricxavda marTlmadidebel, kaTolicizmisadmi mtrulad ganwyobil ruseTTan mis urTierTobasa da kav-Sirs. mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo kaTolikuri qveyana gax-deboda, igi iranisaTvis naklebad saxifaTo iqneboda. igi iranisaTvis miuRebel kavSirs erTmorwmune evropis qvey-nebTan ver daamyarebda. amis saSualebas ar miscemdnen mis

veyna. masSi aris uaRresad saintereso cnobebi iranSi mcxovreb da

moRvawe qarTvelebze _ alaverdi xanze, kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-

sa da mis Sah abasTan urTierTobaze, giorgi X simon pirvelis Zeze

(1600-1606), konstantine I kaxTa mefeze (1605) qarTlisa da kaxeTis ja-

rebis monawileobaze erevnis cixe-simagris aRebaSi (1604), konstan-

tines laSqrobaze SirvanSi, mis mier mamis, aleqsandre II-is da Zmis

_ giorgis mokvlaze, qarTvelebis mier konstantines winaaRmdeg

mowyobil SeTqmulebaze da mis daRupvaze, Teimuraz I-is gamefebaze,

stambolSi tyveobaSi myofi svimon I-is monaxulebaze misi meuRlis

mier da sxv., samcxis aTabag manuCar II-ze. iqvea zogierTi cnoba sa-

qarTveloSi arsebul mdgomareobaze. Antonio de ovea, Relations des grandes Guerres et Victoires obtenues par le roy de Perse Cha Abbas contre les Empereures de Turquie Mahomet et Achmet son fils… Rouen, 1646. 1 luis xili fernandesi, i. tabaRua, dokumentebi saqarTvelos is-

toriisaTvis espaneTis arqivebsa da biblioTekebSi (XV-XVII ss.),

madridi, 1991, gv. 375, dok. #42 (SemdegSi: dokumentebi).

32

mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili qveynebi, romelTa rigebs ru-

seTic Seemateboda. evropisagan izolirebuli saqarTvelo

iolad dasamorCilebeli iqneboda. Sah abasma am gegmis gan-

xorcieleba ver SesZlo. qarTvelebma arc kaTolikoba mii-

Res da arc Sahs daemorCilnen. saqarTvelo-ruseTis daax-

loeba ki, rac dro gadioda, sul ufro intensiuri xdebo-

da. Sah abasis am kavSirisadmi SiSisa da safiqralis siswo-

re momavalma daadastura.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Sah abasma dakarga dasavleT ev-

ropis saxelmwifoebTan erTad osmaleTis winaaRmdeg sam-

xedro blokis Seqmnis imedi, maTTan urTierTobas mainc

agrZelebda. 1608 wlis ivnisSi ispaanSi mivida espaneTis me-

fis elCi antonio govea, romelmac Sahs acnoba, rom Sahis

mier espaneTSi gagzavnili elCi faqize imam yuli-begi, ro-

melic portugaliis elC lui pereira de laserdasTan er-

Tad gaemgzavra, 1607 wlis ianvarSi jer kidev adgilamde ar

misuliyo1.

1608 wlis noemberSi govea Sahis davalebiT gaemgzavra

espaneTSi, raTa filipe III daeyoliebina osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg kavSirze2.

iranis elCebis evropaSi molaparakebebis warumateblo-

ba SeiZleba aixsnas ramdenime mizeziT. erT-erTi da, SeiZle-

ba, umTavresi, iyo elCobis xangrZlivoba. Cveulebriv, vidre

elCi ukan dabrundeboda saSualod 5 weli gadioda. am dro-

is ganmavlobaSi ki bevri ram icvleboda rogorc iranSi, ise

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi da xSirad miRweul SeTanxme-

bas mniSvneloba ekargeboda; XVII s. pirvel aTwleulSi

uTanxmoeba da dapirispireba evropis saxelmwifoebs Soris

imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom maT xangrZlivi droiT osmalebis

1 Bellan L., Chah Abbas. Sa vie, son histoire, Paris, 1932, p. 174. 2 Bayani K., Les relations de l’Iran avec l’Europe occidentale à l’époque Safavide, Portugal, Espagn, Angleterre, Hollande et France (avec document inedite), Paris, 1937, p. 67.

33

Tavdasxmis SiSic ki ver aerTianebda; mxedvelobaSi misaRe-

bia isic, rom evropis umniSvnelovanesi saxelmwifoebi espa-

neTi, safrangeTi, holandia, inglisi da sxvebi LZlier dain-

teresebulni iyvnen osmalebze damokidebuli levantis vaW-

robiT1. amdenad, TavianTi ekonomikuri interesebidan gamom-

dinare, isini osmaleTTan urTierTobis gafuWebas eridebod-

nen. igive mizezebi ganapirobebdnen qarTuli diplomatiis wa-

rumateblobas XVII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi.

antiosmaluri koaliciis Seqmnis garda, irans evropis

saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis sxva motivaciac hqonda, ker-

Zod, savaWro-ekonomikuri. irans evropaSi did raodenobiT

nedli abreSumi gahqonda. magram iaranuli abreSumis eq-

sporti evropaSi did mogebas aZlevda osmaleTis saxelmwi-

fosac, radgan savaWro-satranzito gzebi mis teritoriaze

gadioda. es ki ewinaaRmdegeboda Sahis antiosmalur poli-

tikas. iranidan abreSumis gatana xdeboda sami tradiciuli

gziT: moskovis, alepos da ormuzis. ruseTSi areulobebis

gamo pirvali gza aRar funqcionirebda, meore gza, rome-

lic osmaleTze gadioda, SahisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. Oormu-

zis gzaze sparsel vaWrebs did dabrkolebebs uqmnidnen aq

gabatonebuli portugalielebi.

Sahis azriT, evrpasTan vaWroba unda gagrZelebuliyo,

magram osmaleTis sazianod. saWiro iyo axali savaWro gze-

bis gamonaxva, romelsac irani gaakontrolebda da sasur-

vel mimarTulebas miscemda. dRis wesrigSi dgeboda aRmo-

savleT amierkavkasiidan osmalebis gandevna da ruseTTan

uSualod dakavSireba, is dapyroba da iqidan portugalie-

lebis gandevna2. am gegmis ganxorcielebaSi iranis mokavSi-

re SeiZleboda yofiliyo espaneTTan da portugaliasTan

dapirispirebuli inglisi, romelic TviTonac gafacicebiT

eZebda aRmosavleTTan damakavSirebel gzebs. am mxriv in-

glisis yuradRebas ipyrobda ruseTis kaspiispireTTan dama-

1 Бушев П. П., История посольств и дипломатических отношений Русского и Иранского государств в 1586-1612 (по русским архивам), М., 1976, с. 405 2 gabaSvili v., dasax. naSr., gv. 114.

34

kavSirebeli gza. ivane IV-is mier yazanis (1552 w.) da astra-

xanis (1556 w.) saxanoebis dapyrobam, ruseTi uSualod gaiy-

vana kaspiis zRvaze. jer kidev 1555 wels ingliselebma da-

aarses `moskovis kompania~, romelsac ganzraxuli hqonda

savaWro kavSirebis damyareba iranTan, Sua aziasTan da aR-

mosavleT amierkavkasiasTan1.

ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo mis terito-

riaze gavliT inglisi komerciuli miznebiT dakavSireboda

irans maSin, rodesac moskovs Sewyvetili hqonda diplomatiu-

ri urTierToba saqarTvelosTan da iranis agresias aRmosav-

leT saqarTveloSi iyenebda Tavisi ekonomikuri miznebis po-

litizirebisaTvis. 1614 wlis agvistoSi moskovSi Cavida in-

gliseli vaWari jon meriki. Mman rus diplomatebs gaacno Ta-

visi mefis survili, rom moskovis xelmwifes ingliseli vaW-

rebisaTvis volgis gziT iranTan vaWrobis ufleba mieca. Mmas

upasuxes: `xelmwifem ukve misca neba inglisel vaWrebs mivid-

nen xolmogoris navsadgursa da sxva adgilebSi da baJis ga-

reSe yovelgvari saqonliT Tavisuflad ivaWron... magram mos-

kovis saxelmwifoze gavliT volgiT iransa da aRmosavleTis

sxva qveynebSi… mgzavroba saSiSia... xolo iranis Sahi Cvens

qveSevrdomi saqarTvelos miwa-wyalSi SeiWra, amJamad Cven

amis Taobaze mimowera gvaqvs da Cveni vaWrebi exla iranSi

aRar dadian. xolo roca RmerTi inebebs, astraxanis gza gaiw-

mindeba da iranis SahTan saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze movrigde-

biT, Cveni xelmwife mefe iakobs amis Sesaxeb acnobebs~2.

ruseTis xelisuflebas TiTqos Sah abasis mier aklebu-

li saqarTvelos gamo iranTan savaWro urTierToba SeCere-

buli hqonda, ra Tqma unda, simarTles ar Seefereboda. sa-

1 `moskovis kompaniis~ agentebis entoni jenkinsonisa da eduard

klarkis cdaze XVI s. 60-an wlebSi, kavSiri daemyarebina saqarTve-

los abreSumiT mdidar raionebTan (ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqar-

Tvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, I, gv. 180-182). 2 Соловьев С. М., Сочинения, кн. V. История России с древнейших времен. тома 9-10, М., 1990, с. 66.

35

qarTvelos sakiTxis win wamoweva moskovs imisaTvis dasWir-

da, rom ingliseli vaWrebi iranSi ar gaeSva. Mmoskovis aseTi

pozicia srulebiTac ar niSnavda `moskov-saqarTvelos urTi-

erTobis gulwrfel xasiaTs~, rogorc n. nakaSiZe fiqrobda1.

ra Tqma unda, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa romel ad-

gils aniWebdnen evropisa da axlo aRmosavleTis didi sa-

xelmwifoebi TavianT savaWro-ekonomikur proeqtebSi saqar-

Tvelos XVII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi.

osmaleTis mier Savi zRvis `TurqeTis tbad~ gadaqce-

vam XV s. 50-70-ian wlebSi seriozulad daZaba saerTaSori-

so viTareba axlo aRmosavleTsa da evropaSi. aRmosavleTis

evropasTan damakavSirebeli erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gza,

romelic saqarTvelozec gadioda, daiketa2. zogadad unda

iTqvas, rom osmaleTis mier konstantinopolis aRebam, 1461

wels tarapizonis sakeisros gauqmebam, xolo 1475 wels yi-

rimis naxevarkunZulis dapyrobam, mniSvnelovanwilad gana-

piroba evropelebis mier indoeTTan, CineTTan, iranTan dama-

kavSirebeli gzebis afrikis garSemovliT Zieba.

osmaleTisa da iranis xangrZlivma brZolam kavkasiaSi

batonobisaTvis, kidev ufro Seasusta saqarTvelos mniSvne-

loba saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi. maT Soris xangrZlivi brZo-

lis erTi etapi dasrulda 1555 wels saqarTvelos gayofiT. am

droidan moyolebuli, iranis sagareo vaWrobaSi saqarTvelos

SezRuduli mniSvneloba hqonda. mdgomareoba mxolod maSin

gamoswordeboda, e. i. aRudgeboda satranzito funqcia, roca

igi gaerTianebuli da damoukidebeli iqneboda, an mTlianad

mxolod irans daemorCileboda. magram amis ganxorcieleba

SeuZlebeli iyo vidre ZalaSi rCeboda iran-osamaleTs Soris

1 nakaSiZe n., saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-TurqeTis urTierTobaSi

XVII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. KkrebulSi: qarTuli samefo-sam-

Tavroebis sagareo politikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973, gv. 24. 2 gansakuTrebiT dazaralda is saqaravno gza, romliTac saqarTve-

lo cxumisa da foTis saSualebiT Crdilo italiis da yirimis sa-

vaWro centrebs ukavSirdeboda. saqarTvelos monawileobaze saer-

TaSoriso vaWrobaSi konstantinopolis dacemamde ix. mamisTvaliS-

vili, saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, I, gv. 451-468.

36

dadebuli 1555 wlis amasiis sazavo xelSekruleba. marTalia,

saqarTveloSi Semodioda aRmosavluri (sparsuli, induri...)

saqoneli, magram igi mxolod adgilobrivi bazris moTxovni-

lebas akmayofilebda. iransa da osmaleTs Soris gaxleCili

saqarTvelo ZiriTadad am or qveyanasTan vaWrobda.

Sah abas I-is mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad ga-

mococxlebul iranis vaWrobasTan erTad, gamococxlda sa-

qarTvelo-iranis vaWrobac, saqarTvelos savaWro-ekonomikuri

urTierToba mezobel da Soreul qveynebTan. iranTan vaW-

robda dasavleT saqarTvelos qalaqebic. saqarTvelos Sida

da sagareo savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobis amsaxveli sain-

tereso masalebi dagvitoves ucxoelebma - arqanjelo lam-

bertim, don juzepe judiCem, Jan Sardenma.. XVI saukunis bo-

lodan saqarTvelodan iranSi nedli abreSumi1 da sxva saqone-

lic gahqondaT. Nnedli abreSumiT vaWrobis Tavis xelSi kon-

centrirebiT dainteresebuli iyo Sah abasi, radgan am saqo-

nelze didi moTxovnileba iyo dasavleT evropis mTel rig

1 erT-erTi inglisuri wyaros mixedviT: `konore, romelic aris me-

same da yvelaze uaresi xarisxisa. igi iwarmoeba gurjisatanis

provinciaSi, romelic ispaans daSorebulia daaxloebiT 30 (35)

dRis manZiliT, da Cveulebrivad erTi Sahuri mani 220 Sahad iyide-

boda. am provinciaSi winaT yovelwliurad iwarmoeboda daaxloe-

biT 60.000 mani igive Sahis abreSumi, magram amJamad, ukanaskneli

omebis Sedegad qveynis is nawilebi ise aoxrda da gaukacrielda,

rom axla iq iwarmoeba mxolod 30.000 xsenebuli mani~ (Ferrier R. W., An English view of Persian trade in 1618. Jurnal of The Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. XIX, part II, Leiden, 1976, p. 199). aRniSnul monacemebze

dayrdnobiT, k. kuciam gamoiangariSa, rom Sah abasis laSqrobebam-

de saqarTveloSi abreSumis wliuri mosavali aRwevda daaxloe-

biT 360 tonas, romlis raodenoba 1618 wlisaTvis Semcirda 180 to-

namde. (kucia k., qarTuli abreSumis warmoebis istoriidan (XVII

saukunis pirveli meoTxedi). àxloaRmosavluri krebuli, Tb., 1983,

gv. 134-139). rogorc kaTolike misioneri melSior duS anJuSi wer-

da (1614 w.) abreSumi saqarTvelos mTavari simdidre iyo. dokumen-

tebi, gv. 376, #43.

37

saxelmwifoebSi1. Sah abasis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ekonomi-

kis gamanadgurebeli RonisZiebebi naTels xdis, rom igi misi

saxiT iranis savaWro konkurentebs xedavda. `vinaidan abreSu-

mi warmoadgenda (Rvinisa da puris kulturebTan erTad) sa-

qarTvelos umniSvnelovanes kulturas, swored amitom Seeca-

da Sah abasi am kulturis ganadgurebas pirvel yovlisa ka-

xeTSi, romelic gansakuTrebiT iyo ekonomikurad Zlieri da

romlis mesveurni sxva qarTvel mmarTvelebze metad iswra-

fodnen ruseTTan kavSiris damyarebisaken. somxeTisa da aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelos gaveraneba, abreSumis kulturis ganad-

gureba, somexTa da qarTvelTa ayra da iranis provinciebSi

Casaxleba, marTlmadideblobis devna _ yvelaferi es warmo-

adgenda erTi da igive gegmis sxvadasxva mxares; xolo es geg-

ma miznad isaxavda aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis ekonomiur gaCa-

nagebas da dauZlurebas, iranis ZiriTadi provinciebis ekono-

miuri da kulturuli ganviTarebisaTvis xeli Sewyobas, qar-

TvelTa gamahmadianeba-gasparselebas, aRmosavleT saqarTve-

loze osmaleTisa da ruseTis pretenziebis aRkveTasa da ab-

reSumis gzis iranisaTvis xelsayreli mimarTulebiT gadanac-

vlebas~2

amgvarad, am mokle narkvevidanac Cans, rom Sah abasis

sagareo politikaSi saqarTvelos pirvelxarisxovani mniS-

vneloba eniWeboda da igi yvela Rones mimarTavda masze er-

Txel da samudamod gabatonebisaTvis.

iran-osmaleTis omi (1603-1612) ganaxlda. 1605 w. 25 oq-

tombers urmiis tbasTan Sah abasma osmalebi daamarcxa, ra-

mac mowinaaRmdegis Zalebis Sesusteba gamoiwvia amierkavka-

siaSi. maSinve Sahi Tavisi gegmis ganxorcielebas Seudga.

man jer yarabaxi da ganja daipyro da Semdeg qarTlSi Se-

moiWra, jer dmanisi, Semdeg Tbilisi daikava. osmalebis

1 saqarTvelo-iranis savaWro-ekonomikur urTierTobaze ix., kacitaZe

d., axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebTan da ruseTTan saqarTvelos savaW-

ro-ekonomikuri urTierTobis istoriidan (XVII-XVIII ss.), Tb., 1992. 2 Jordania g., qarTuli abreSumis kulturis ganadgurebis erTi

cdis Sesaxeb, `ciskari~, #5, Tb., 1963, gv. 142-143.

38

xangrZliv batonobas qarTlSi bolo mouRo. osmalebi yi-

zilbaSebma Secvales. Teimuraz I-is (1606-1658), iseve rogorc misi Semdgomi

qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebis, mmarTvelobis mniSvnelovani momen-

tebi, misi saSinao da sagareo politika mTlianad abas I-

Tan (1587-1629) da mis memkvidreebTan (sefi I _ 1629-1642, abas

II _ 1642-1666) urTierTobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

Teimuraz I-is gamefebis wina periodSi kaxeTis samefo-

sa da, saerTod, saqarTvelos sagareo orientaciis Sedare-

biT sruli warmodgenisaTvis, aucilebelia mokled mainc

iTqvas saqarTvelos ruseTTan da Crdilo kavkasiis xal-

xebTan urTierTobaze. Tumca es sakiTxi qarTul da rusul

istoriografiaSi sakmaod sruladaa Seswavlili.

Sah abasma aleqsandre II-isa da taxtis memkvidre gior-

gis daRupviT Tavidan moiSora arasasurveli adamianebi ka-

xeTis taxtze. da, rac mTavaria, maTi daRupviT kaxeTis sa-

mefos ruseTTan urTierToba karga xniT Sewyda. aleqsandre

II-isa da giorgi ufliswulis daRupva es iyo Sahis gamar-

jveba (igi araviTar saSualebas ar erideboda: mosyidva, Se-

iaraRebuli SantaJi, mkvleloba), maSin rodesac, rogorc

imdroindeli diplomatiuri mimoweridan da elCebis gancxa-

debebidan Cans, ruseTi jer mxolod kaxeTis samefoze, Sem-

deg ki danarCen saqarTveloze Tavisi gavlenis gavrcelebas

mxolod dapirebebiT cdilobda. aleqsandre II-is da uf-

liswuli giorgis mkvleloba iyo ruseTis diplomatiis di-

di marcxi. rogorc n. berZeniSvili werda, `ruseTma waago.

Sah abasma gabeduli dakvriT gaaqarwyla kaxeTSi moskovis

mefis oci wlis diplomatiur-politikuri monapovari da

Crdiloel mokavSires energiulad agrZnobina, rom irani

aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi ar moiTmens ara marto mosis-

xar osmaleTs, aramed `megobar~ ruseTsac ki~1. ruseTi amis

1 berZeniSvili n., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriidan

XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze. saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, IV,

Tb., 1967, gv. 134-135.

39

Semdegac, iranis moqmedebis gamo mxolod sityvieri protes-

tiT kmayofildeboda. dgeba kiTxva: SeeZlo Tu ara ruseTs

XVII s. pirvel aTwledSi sxvagvarad moqmedeba?. ra Tqma un-

da, ara. misi saSinao da sagareo mdgomareoba sxvagvarad

moqmedebis saSualebas ar aZlevda. Tumca ruseTi amgvar po-

litikas adga sxva periodebSic da igi saqarTvelos mimarT

iranis agresiis Sekavebas xelmwifesa da Sahs Soris àrse-

buli kargi urTierTobisa da siyvarulis~ xSir-xSirad Sex-

senebiT apirebda. amas gviCvenebs iransa da ruseTs Soris

orsaukunovani urTierTobis istoria.

sinamdvileSi ruseTi da irani megobrebi ar iyvnen.

garkveuli interesebidan gamomdinare, isini erTmaneTs mxo-

lod iTmendnen. maT aranaklebi winaaRmdegobebi hqondaT

erTmaneTSi, vidre TiToeul maTgans osmaleTTan da yirimis

saxanosTan. rogorc T. bocvaZe werda, TurqeT-yirimis saxa-

nos globaluri strategiis erT pirvel mizanTagans Sead-

genda iranis morCilebaSi moyvana, kavkasiis dapyroba imier-

Si adiRe-yaraCai-CerqezeTis, Crdilo oseTis, yabardo-balya-

reTis, CeCneT-inguSeTisa da daRestnis, amierSi saqarTvelo-

somxeT-azerbaijanisa, xolo Semdeg ki volga-astraxan-kas-

piis zRvis didi magistraliT Sua aziasTan (buxara) mWidro

kavSiris damyareba.

iranis strategiul mizans Seadgenda amierkavkasiisa

da daRestnis dapyroba, volga-astraxanis savaWro magis-

tralze gasvla da, saerTod, kaspiis zRvaze gabatoneba, os-

maleT-yirimis saxanosaTvis rogorc Crdilo kavkasiis, ise

samxreTis gzis gadaketva Sua aziasTan dasakavSireblad.

osmaleTis damarcxebis Semdeg ruseTic kaspiis zRva-

ze gabatonebaze ocnebobda, kerZod volga-astraxanis savaW-

ro magistralze Tavisi mdgomareobis sabolood ganmtkice-

bas da Semaxa-baqo-derbent-saSamxlo-Tergis xazze gabatone-

bas. amgvarad, gasagebia, rom iranisa da ruseTis interesebi

erTmaneTs aranakleb upirispirdebodnen, vidre maTi intere-

40

sebi osmaleT-yirimis saxanosas1. magram, vidre maT saerTo

mtrad osmaleTi miaCndaT urTierTgageba garegnulad mainc

unda SeenarCunebinaT.

àmrigad, ruseT-iranis megobroba, rogorc vxedavT,

aSkarad iZulebiTi da angariSiani megobroba iyo~2

ruseT-iranis winaaRmdegoba gansakuTrebiT mkveTrad

kaxeTisa da saSamxlos sakiTxisadmi damokidebulebaSi

mJRavndeboda. saqarTveloze batonobiT dainteresebuli ru-

seTi da irani cal-calke, erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebis gareSe

moqmedebdnen, maSin, rodesac kaxeTis samefo iranTan Tavisi

problemebis mogvarebis dros ruseTisa da osmaleTis gamo-

yenebas cdilobda.

saSamxlo, jerjerobiT aravis ar eymoboda da igi

ruseTs, iransa da osmaleTs Soris lavirebda. mas ufro

ruseTisa da iranis SiSi hqonda, rom erT-erTi maTgani misi

batoni gaxdeboda. igi osmaleTiskens ufro ixreboda da

yovelnairad cdilobda xeli SeeSala ruseT-iranis da ka-

xeT-ruseTis urTierTobisaTvis3. amitom iyo, rom qarTveli

diplomatebi didad dainteresdnen ruseTis Crdilo kavkasi-

aSi gavlenis gaZlierebiT. 1603 wels kaxeTis mefis elCebi,

kirile qristepuli da mdivani saba moskovSi rusebis mier

saSamxlos dalaSqvrasa da tarkSi, tuzlukSi da moinakSi

cixe-simagreebis Cadgmas moiTxovdnen4. kaxeTis mefis elCe-

bis moTxovna moskovis mTavrobam misaRebad CaTvala5 da

samxedro moqmedebac daiwyo. ufro metic, ruseTma batoniS-

vil giorgis (aleqsandre II Sah abasTan iranSi imyofeboda)

kaxeTis mxridan saSamxloze Seteva mosTxova. ruseTis same-

1 bocvaZe T., Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebi saqarTvelos sagareo po-

litikaSi, Tb., 990, gv. 83-84. 2 iqve, gv. 85. 3 Новосельцев А. П., Русско-иранские политические взаимоотношения во 2-ой половине XVI в., «Международные связи России до XVII в.», М., 1961, с. 455. 4 Веселовский Н. И., Памятники дипломатических и торговых сношений России с Персией, II, Петербург, 1898, с 391, 395, 400-401, 403. 5 Там же, с. 405.

41

fo karma es momenti ara imdenad kaxeTisaTvis dasaxmareb-

lad gamoiyena, ramdenadac ufro farTo miznebisaTvis: der-

bent-baqo-Semaxas dauflebisaTvis1. ruseTis amgvari moqmede-

ba ar awyobdaT arc osmaleT-yirimis saxanos, arc iransa

da arc daRestnel feodalebs. maTTvis gansakuTrebiT Se-

maSfoTebeli iyo is, rasac qarTvelebi ruseTisagan moiT-

xovdnen: saqarTveloSi rusuli jaris gamogzavnas da ori-

sami cixe-simagris Cadgmas2.

kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-is da ufliswul giorgis

ruseTTan erTad saSamxloSi aqtiuroba da rusebis mopatiJe-

ba kaxeTSi, Sah abasis waqezebul ufliswul konstantines mi-

er maTi amowyvetis kidev erTi mizezi gaxda.

1605 wels, kaxeTis karze datrialebuli ubedurebidan

mcire xnis Semdeg, moskovSi saidumloT gaugzavniaT elCoba

qarTveli ufliswulis bagratis3 meTaurobiT. am elCobis Se-

saxeb TiTqmis araferi viciT, garda p. p. buSevis mier gadmo-

cemuli ramdenime winadadebisa. bagrati astraxanSi Sahis

elCebs ucvniaT. igi astraxanidan yazanSi gadavida, sadac

elodeboda nebarTvas moskovSi mefe vasili SuiskisTan ga-

samgzavreblad. 1606 wlis dasasruls an 1607 wlis dasaw-

yisSi, mefem bagrati moskovSi daibara. bagratma Suiskis mo-

uTxro kaxeTis ambebi, ris Semdeg moskovis samefo karma ga-

dawyvita 1607 wlis gazafxulze iranSi gaegzavna elCoba.

formalurad am elCobis mizani iyo, Sah abasisaTvis vasili

Suiskis gamefeba ecnobebina. sinamdvileSi elCs, i. p. romo-

donovskis, protesti unda gamoeTqva aleqsandre II-isa da gi-

1 Кушева У. Н., Народы…, с. 19 2 Сношения России с Кавказом. Материалы извлеченные из Московского главного архива Министерства иностранных дел С. Ал. Белокуровым, вып. I, 1587-1613 гг., «Чтения ОИРД», М., 1889, с. 478-482. (SemdegSi: Белокуров С. А., Сношения России с Кавказом). 3 am droisaTvis kaxeTis ufliswuli bagrati ar aris cnobili.

didad saeWvoa, rom moskovSi gaegzavnaT elCad dauTxanis vaJi

bagrati, romelic 1615-1619 wlebSi bagrat-xanis saxeliT kaxeTs ga-

nagebda.

42

orgis mkvlelobis gamo da imave dros moeTxova irans eRia-

rebina erTmorwmune saqarTveloze moskovis mfarvelobis

ufleba1. magram elCobam iranamde ver miaRwia. misi wevrebi

1607 w. zafxulSi ajanyebulma glexebma saratovSi daxoces.

konstantines winaaRmdeg amboxebulma kaxelebma, Tei-

murazis deda qeTevaniT saTaveSi, miaRwies imas, rom kon-

stantine moiSores da Teimurazi qristianobiT gaamefes,

magram kaxeTis samefos da misi axalgazrda mefis mdgomare-

oba myife rCeboda. gamosavlis monaxva Zneli iyo. kaxeTis

samefo iranis agresisagan mxolod sakuTari ZaliT Tavs

ver daicavda. Teimurazi aleqsandre II-is gzas unda dadgo-

moda da mudmivad gareSe damxmare Zalis ZiebaSi yofiliyo.

magram am miznis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas SeuZlebels

xdida mezobeli did saxelmwifoebis erTmaneTTan dapiris-

pirebuli interesebi, romlebic saqarTveloSic ikveTeboda.

1 Бушев П.П., Ук. труд, с. 410-411.

43

I. Teimuraz I-isa da luarsab II-is urTierToba Sah abas I-Tan (1605-1613 ww.)

uaRresad rTuli iyo Teimuraz I-is mefobis dasawyi-

si.Mmas, mis samefos da mis qveynas, iranis Sah abas I-is sa-

xiT, didi mteri hyavda. Sah abasis mier kaxeTis samefos mi-

marT gatarebuli politikis Sedegi iyo, rom Teimurazis

papas, saxelganTqmul aleqsandre II-s, mefobis bolo peri-

odSi seriozuli problemebi Seeqmna Tavis SvilebTan ur-

TierTobaSi, romelSic Sahisa da, SeiZleba, osmaleTis

sulTnis agenturis xelic eria.

aleqsandre II-s xuTi vaJi hyavda: erekle, daviTi, gior-

gi, konstantine da rostomi. rostomi ymawvilobaSi gardaic-

vala. Svidi wlis konstantine, 1584 wels, Sahis karze mZev-

lad waiyvanes, erekle 1574 wels osmaleTSi gaiqca1. àse

rom, ufrosi, da, maS, taxtis memkvidre amieridan iyo daviTi.

aleqsandre mefes, rogorc Cans, kaxeTis mefoba giorgi bato-

niSvilisaTvis undoda. batoniSvilebs Soris, bunebrivia, Su-

ri da undobloba gaCeniliyo. batoniSvilebis garSemo urTi-

erTis moqiSpe feodalTa jgufebi iyridnen Tavs... sanam mefe

aleqsandre ar moxucebuliyo da arc eran-osmaleTis metoqe-

oba amierkavkasiaSi gadamwyvet fazaSi Sesuliyo, batoniSvi-

lebis es urTierT Soris undobloba saSiSi ar iyo. magram

kaxTa mefis TandaTani moxucebisa da eran-osmaleTis brZo-

lis gadamwyveti momentis moaxloebasTan erTad daviTisa da

giorgis Soris qiSpic ukidures xasiaTs iRebda~2. mdgomareo-

bas kidev ufro amwvavebda ori feodaluri dajgufeba, rom-

lebic daviTs an giorgis uWerdnen mxars. zemoxsenebuli ki-

rile beri moskovSi hyveboda, rom roca aleqsandre mefe

avad gaxda, daviTi da giorgi imaze msjelobdnen, Tu vin ga-

mefebuliyo. SfoTis Camomgdebni jer daviTTan mividnen da

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diploma-

tia, I (XV-XVI ss.), Tb., 2009, gv. 212-215. 2 berZniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, IV, Tb., 1967, gv. 87.

44

Caagones, rom giorgis misi mokvla undoda, Semdeg igives

eubnebodnen giorgis. giorgim osmaleTSi gaqceva moindoma,

magram daviTis kacebma igi gzidan moabrunes da Zmebi Serig-

dnen. giorgim jvarze daifica, rom daviTis winaaRmdeg ara-

sodes ar gamovidoda. amis Semdeg daviTma giorgis sauf-

liswulo gamouyo da TviTon gamefda1. magram samefo karTan

daaxloebuli feodal-didebulebi ar isvenebdnen. erTma

jgufma giorgis kategoriulad mosTxova maT daTanxmeboda

daviTis mokvlaze, Tu ara da masac moklavdnen. feodalebi

daviTsac SeuCndnen da rodesac aleqsandre gamokeTda mas

samefos xelisuflebis simboloebi CamoarTva. giorgi qar-

TlSi gaiqca, magram qarTlis mefe giorgim Seipyro da da-

viTs gadasca. daviTma igi cixeSi gamoketa, mis momxreebs ki

sastikad gausworda2.

daviTma Tavis xanmokle mefobaSi mxolod is moaswro,

rom man, misma vaJma Teimurazma da aleqsandre II-m samefo

karTan erTad ruseTis mefe boris godunovis erTgulebis

fici miiRes3.

Teimurazis mama daviTi, romelmac aleqsandre II-s tax-

tidan gadadgoma da Semonazvneba aiZula, gaurkvevel viTa-

rebaSi gardaicvala. vaxuSti batoniSvilis daxasiaTebiT,

`xolo ese daviTi iyo amayi, laRi, mrisxane da sZulobdnen

kaxni~4. Teimurazis `gazafxul-Semodgomianis~ 87-e strofSi

aRniSnulia, rom daviTs darCa ori vaJi da erTi asuli. qe-

Tevansa da daviTs, rom Teimurazis garda sxva vaJic hyav-

daT, amis Sesaxeb vigebT 1602 da 1604 wlebis sigelebSi,

amas gvamcnoben isqander munSi, vaxuSti batoniSvili, arCi-

li5. Teimurazi daviTis ufrosi Svili iyo. qvriv qeTevans

1 Белокуров С. А., Сношения России с Кавказом, с. 388-389 2 Там же, с. 389-390. 3 Там же, с. 362-363, 382, 388. 4 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 580. 5 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa, Sekrebili, qro-

nologiurad dawyobili, axsnili da gamocemuli T. Jordanias mier,

1897, II, gv. 434; kakabaZe s., istoriuli sabuTebi, IV, Tb., 1913, gv. 3; is-

45

Teimurazis momavali afiqrebda, Tavisi mazlis, giorgis Si-

Si hqonda1.

Teimurazis iranSi gagzavnis mizezze saintereso

cnoba dagvitova arqanjelo lambertim. igi wers: `kaxeTis

mefe daviTma anderZi datova, romlis Tanaxmad misi gar-

dacvalebis Semdeg Teimurazi _ misi vaJiSvili da taxtis

memkvidre iranSi waeyvanaT da iq im qveynis xelmwifis _ Sah

abasis mzrunvelobis qveS aRezardaT. daviTi sicocxlis

dros dakavSirebuli iyo Sah abasTan megobruli urTierTo-

biT da undoda, rom es megobruli urTierToba misi sikvdi-

lis Semdeg mis Svils ganegrZo. amitom brZana misi Svili

aRezardaT Sahis karze~2.

qarTuli wyaroebiT, qeTevanma `wargzavna yrma Tvisi

yaenTan SiSisaTvis giorgisa, rameTu eSinoda giorgisagan

mazlisa Tvisisa da misTvis gamogzavna yaenTana da Tana ga-

moatana~3. arCilis mixedviT, Teimurazs iranSi wahyva Serma-

zan ColoyaSvili, romelic ufliswuls aswavlida zneobas,

saRmrTo da saero codnaSi wvrTnida da Wirsa Sigan amag-

rebda4.

Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad Seefereba sinamdviles ar-

qanjelo lambertis cnoba daviT mefesa da Sah abass Soris

megobrobis Sesaxeb, magram erTi ram cxadia, aleqsandre II-

isa da giorgi ufliswulis mkvlelobaSi rom Sahis xeli

eria, maSin yvelasaTvis cxadze cxadi iyo. aseT dros, mok-

lulTa ojaxis erTi wevris - daviTis Svilis, Teimurazis,

qander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. sparsuli teqsti qar-

Tuli TargmaniTa da SesavliTurT gamosca vl. fuTuriZem, Tb., 1969,

gv. 44; qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 584; arCili, gabaaseba Teimurazisa

da rusTvelisa. `qarTuli mwerloba~, VI, Tb. 1989, str. 441. 1 vaxuStis TqmiT, erTxel giorgis daviTis mokvla ganuzraxavs,

magram SeTqmuleba gaucia baraM ColoyaSvils. iqve. 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 75. 3 qarTlis cxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela yvela ZiririTadi

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, II, Tb., 1959, II, gv. 382. 4 arCili, gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rusTvelisa, str. 248.

46

mkvlelobis suliCamdgmel SahTan, usafrTxoebis mizniT

gagzavna, cxadyofs daviTsa da Sah abass Soris aleqsandre

II-is winaaRmdeg kavSiris arsebobas.

arqanjelo lambertis Txzulebidan amonaridi kidev

erTxel migvaniSnebs, rom Sahi aleqsandre kaxTa mefis Svi-

lebTan maTive mamis sawinaaRmdego kavSirSi iyo. Sahma sabo-

lood mainc mizans miaRwia. Sahma, daviTis gardacvalebis

Semdeg, taxtze mobrunebul aleqsandres, axla meore Svili

_ konstantine aumxedra, romlis xeliT isic da ufliswu-

li giorgic daiRupnen.

Teimurazma Sahis karze kargi aRzrda da ganaTleba

miiRo, igi `Saabaz viTarca Ze egreT Seitkbo~1. mas kaxeTis

mefed Sahis taxtis erTgul qveSevrdomad amzadebdnen. ami-

tom, rogorc arqanjelo lamberti gadmogvcems, `Sahma brZa-

na aRezardaT igi ara marto rogorc Zvirfasi megobris

Svili, aramed rogorc sakuTari misi Svili: Teimurazs

avarjiSebdnen yvela dargSi, raSic ki amzadeben yvelaze

did ufliswulebs. gansakuTrebiT ki iaraRis xmarebaSi. am

xelovnebaSi, meomari Sahis mzrunvelobis SemweobiT, Teimu-

razs didi warmatebebi hqonda. amasTanave Teimurazma enebi

Seiswavla. enebis codna ufliswulisTis mniSvnelovani sam-

kaulia. Teimurazi flobda sparsuls da Turquls. amasTa-

nave imdenad kargad, rom an erTi an meore qveynis mkvidri

gegonebodaT~2.

kaxeTis samefoSi arsebulma viTarebam, Teimurazis ga-

mefebamde da mis Semdeg, mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina

mis xasiaTze, mis damokidebulebaze irgvliv myofi adamia-

nebisadmi da, rodesac misi mmarTvelobis stilsa da saqmia-

nobas vakvirdebiT, iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom igi yo-

velTvis, saSinao Tu sagareo urTierTobebSi, daswrebis

taqtikas adga. erTi SexedviT, TiTqos, unda gaviziaroT g.

jamburias naTqvami, rom `Teimurazis politikasa da diplo-

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 382. 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 75.

47

matias aklda misi didi papis, aleqsandres moqniloba da

QWkuamaxviloba~1. es marTalia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu

zedapirulad SevafasebT am ori didi moRvawis saqmianobas.

aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom maT sul sxvadasxva

saSinao da sagareo situaciaSi uxdebodaT politikis da

diplomatiis ganxorcieleba.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos or samefoSi _ qarTlsa da

kaxeTSi ori ymawvili gamefda _ qarTlSi luarsab II _ 1605

wels, kaxeTSi Teimurazi _ 1606 wels. orives gamefeba Sah

abasis surviliTa da nebarTviT moxda.

isqander munSis aRwerili aqvs is zeimi, romelic Sah

Aabasma qarTvelebs mouwyo yarabaxSi, mdinare gurq-CaisTan

da neba misca Teimurazis mefed kurTxeva TavianTi, qarTuli

wesis mixedviT CaetarebinaT. zeimSi Sahic monawileobda2.

luarsabisa da Teimurazis qristianobiT gamefeba qar-

Tvelobas Tavis did gamarjvebad miaCnda. orive mefe, winap-

rebis msgavsad fiqrobdnen, rom miuxedavad qveynis daSlisa

da qarTuli miwebis mezobeli saxelmwifoebis mier aneqsii-

sa, asruldeboda qarTlis mefe konstantine II-is ocneba da

saqarTvelos gaerTianeba da dakarguli teritoriebis dab-

runeba moxdeboda. amis miRweva SeiZleboda, mxolod mtace-

beli mezoblebis _ iranisa da osmaleTis erTmaneTTan da-

pirispirebiT da qarTuli saqmis gakeTebiT. magram imis gan-

xorcieleba, rac TiTqos SesaZlebeli iyo XVI saukuneSi,

axla, XVII s. dasawyisSi, Secvlili viTarebis gamo, Znelad

misaRwevi Canda.

Sah abass ki sul sxva gegma hqonda. mas undoda qar-

Tlisa da kaxeTis mefeebi misi sityvis aRmsrulebelni da mi-

si moxeleebi yofiliyvnen, maTgan damoukideblobis gamovle-

nas ar moiTmenda. qarTl-kaxeTis sruli morCilebis gareSe,

amierkavkasiaSi iranis batonoba ver moxerxdeboda.

1 jamburia g., giorgi saakaZe, Tb., 1964, gv. 113. 2 isqander munSi, gv. 61. farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 227.

48

cbieri da moqnili politikosisa da diplomatis, Sah

abasis urTierToba qarTlisa da kaxeTis axalgazrda mefe-

ebTan, misTvis sasurvelad ar viTardeboda. saqmes isic ar-

Tulebda, rom kavkasiaSi osmaleTi kvlav seriozul Zalad

rCeboda da qarTveli politikosebi iranis winaaRmdeg mis

gamoyenebas Seecdebodnen. Sahma nacad xerxs _ dayvavebisa

da samxedro agresiiT daSinebis politikas mimarTa. aR-

niSnulidan gamomdinare, mas sabolood Camouyalibda qar-

Tlisa da kaxeTis saxanoebad gadaqcevis azri. misi RonisZi-

ebebi maT mimarT sul ufro mkacrdeboda. magram mas jer

iranis istoriuli metoqis osmaleTis winaaRmdegoba unda

gadaelaxa, romlis garnizonebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa

da aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis yvela mniSvnelovan qalaqsa

da cixeSi idga.

Sah abasma daipyro erevani da amis Semdeg somxeTisa

da azerbaijanis mosaxleobis ayra da iranSi gadasaxleba

brZana. osmalebic daamarcxa, ganjac aiRo, saqarTveloSi

Semovida, osmalebi gareka da TbilisSi da qarTlis cixeeb-

Si osmalebis magier yizilbaSebi Cadgnen.

saqarTveloSi Semosuli Sahisa da luarsab II-is ur-

TierTobaze saintereso cnoba Semogvinaxa erTma espanurma

wyarom. 1607 wlis 21 noembers espaneli xuan de kueva Tavis

mTavrobas acnobebda: ìranis Sahi imyofeboda Tavisi co-

lis Zmisa da vasalis saqarTvelos (qarTlis _e.m.) mefis

erT-erT provinciaSi. man Txova Sahs daxmareboda TurqeTis

winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, raTa daebrunebina zogierTi miwa,

romlebic Turqebma daipyres. Sahi ara marto dahpirda mas

daxmarebas, aramed dahpirda piradad mieRo monawileoba am

saqmeSi~1.

moyvanil dokumentSi gadmocemuli ambavi, axlad game-

febuli luarsab II-is da Sah abas I-is urTierTobis sawyis

etaps unda asaxavdes. rogorc cnobilia, giorgi X (1600-1606)

moulodnelad mejvrisxevs gardaicvala. am dros (1606 w.) Sah

1 dokumentebi, gv. 373, dok. #40.

49

abasi TbilisSi imyofeboda. qarTlis didebulebma Sahs

sTxoves giorgis pirmSo, 14 wlis luarsabi qarTlis mefed

daemtkicebina. qarTlis saqmeebis mowesrigebis Semdeg, ro-

gorc safiqrebelia, Sahma qarTlis mefis iranis taxtTan uf-

ro mtkiced mimagrebisaTvis, luarsabs Tavisi da TinaTini

colad gamoarTva. vaxuSti batoniSvilis TqmiT: `...sTxova Sa-

habaz luarsab mefesa daÁ TÂsi colad TinaTin. aman misca

da wariyvana didiTa didebiTa da niWiTa~1.

isqander munSi arafers ambobs Sahis mier luarsabi-

saTvis dis gamorTmevis Sesaxeb, magram maT Soris urTier-

Tobis `mowesrigebas~ ki aRniSnavs. sparseli istorikosi

erT saintereso faqtsac gvacnobs, romelsac SemdegSi sava-

lalo Sedegi mohyva, rogorc qarTlis mefisaTvis, ise mTe-

li aRmosavleT saqarTvelos socialur-politikuri ganvi-

TarebisaTvis. iskander munSis movusminoT: mas Semdeg rac

Sahma luarsabi qarTlis mefed gamoacxada, amis Semdeg man

Tavisi erT-erTi kariskaci mohamed-beg biqdeli Samlu qar-

TlSi gagzavna, `raTa moekiTxa gardacvalebulis (giorgi X

1 qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi aRniSnulia, rom giorgi mefes

ori qaliSvili _ xoreSani da TinaTini hyavda (qarTlis cxovreba,

IV, gv. 420; qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 384). farsadan gorgijaniZis

gadmocemiT ki, luarsabis im das, romelic Sahma SeirTo lela er-

qva (farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria. s. kakabaZis gamocema. saisto-

rio moambe, w. II, 1925, gv. 228). nasrola falsafis mixedviT, luarsa-

bis erT das TinaTini an lela erqva da igi Sah abass hyavda co-

lad. misi Zmis, luarsab II-is mokvlis Semdeg, Sahma igi feiqar xans

aCuqa (ucxouri literaturis referatuli krebuli. istoria, 6, Tb.,

1978, gv. 42). luarsabis meore da _ xoreSani, Teimuraz I-is meuRle

iyo. cnobili ar aris hyavda Tu ara giorgi mefes sxva qaliSvili _

gulCara, romelic svimon mefis osmalTa tyveobidan daxsnas cdi-

lobda da osmaleT-irans Soris sazavo molaparakebaSi aqtiurad

monawileobda. gulCaras giorgi mefis asulobis damtkiceba scada

m. svaniZem (svaniZe m., saqarTvelo osmaleTis urTierTobis istorii-

dan, Tb., 1971, gv. 238-240).Mmec, misi gavleniT, arasworad, gulCara Ti-

naTinad miviCnie (ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo po-

litika da diplomatia, I (XV-XVI ss.), Tb., 2009, gv. 328-329).

50

_e.m.) naTesavebi da Sahis wyalobis imedi mieca... misi Tan-

xlebiT masTan erTad Sahis karze Camovida bevri qarTveli

batoniSvili da aznauri, romelnic [Sahis karis] zRurblze kocnis bednierebiT gandidebuli da [Sahis] gansakuTrebuli

mopyrobiT gamorCeuli gaxdnen. im samefo gvars bednieri

xelmwifisagan Svelisa da daxmarebis imedi gauZlierda. di-

debulma xelmwifem Tavisi mwyalobeli [bunebis] gamo, qar-Tvel ufliswulebs, maTi xarisxis mixedviT, Sahuri mokiT-xviT miualersa, xelmwifuri saCuqrebiT daajildova, saqme-ebic maTi guliswadilis mixedviT mouwyo da yvela kmayo-

fili da gaxarebuli Tavis samSobloSi daabruna. luarsab-

xansac meored gaugzavna didebuli xalaTebi da mravali

saCuqari da xelmwifuri wyalobis SepიrebiT daaimeda~1.

amonarididan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs

Sah abasis mier qarTlis didebulebisagan erTgulebis da

qveSevrdomobis ficis miReba da maTi saqmeebis `maTi gu-

liswadilis mixedviT~ mowyoba, rac axalgazrda mefis xe-

lisuflebas sayrdens aclida. misi qveSevrdomTa mniSvne-

lovani nawili Tavisi keTildReobiT Sahze damokidebuli

gaxda. es `qveSevrdomni~ hyavda Teimurazs mxedvelobaSi,

rodesac igi Sahs, misi saqarTveloSi laSqrobebis dawyebis

win gatarebuli RonisZiebebis gamo Tavis ukmayofilebas

moaxsenebda. analogiuri situacia iyo qarTlis samefoSic.

aq Sahis momxreebad Canan qarTlis umsxvilesi Tavadebi:

nugzar da iese erisTavebi, anduyfar amilaxvari, feSangi

falavandiSvili, aRaTang xerxeuliZe, romlebic Sah abass,

saqarTvelos sazRvarTan gamoCenisTanave, miemxrnen da gan-

jaSi eaxlnen.

pietro dela vale sakmaod dawvrilebiT gadmogvcems

Sah abasis mcdelobaze, yvela xerxiTa da saSualebiT qar-

Tlisa da kaxeTis mefeebi erTmaneTisaTvis daepirispirebna,

ufro metic, maT erTmaneTis daaxocvisaken ubiZgebda. cdi-

lobda gamoewvia uTanxmoeba Teimurazsa da mis deda qeTe-

1 isqander munSi, gv. 65-66.

51

vans Soris, romelic mcirewlovni mefis meurve iyo; ukmayo-

fileba daeTesa mefeebsa da maTs qveSevrdom didkacobas So-

ris, gaexliCa da erTmaneTTan daapirispirebina igive didka-

coba1. Sahi amgvari meTodiT moqmedebda, vidre iran-osamle-

Tis omi mimdinareobda. igi garegnulad TiTqos iTmenda Tei-

muraz I-is da luarsab II-is TviTnebobas, rac kaxeTis mefis

SahTan gamoucxadeblobiT gamoixateboda. Tumca man mainc

SeZlo Teimurazis ori vaJisa da dedis _ qeTevanis xelSi

Cagdeba da amiT, garkveuli gagebiT, kaxeTis samefoze zewo-

lisa da pirdapiri agresiis niadagi Seamzada. mis xelSi iyo

Tavisi coli, luarsabis da TinaTini. Teimurazisa da luar-

sabis Sah abasTan urTierTobis es periodi SeiZleba Sefas-

des, rogorc pasiuri winaaRmdegobis politikis periodi.

1612 wlis 20 noembers stambolSi dadebuli iran-osma-

leTis zaviT, ZiriTadad, aRdgda amasiis sazavo pirobebi. ga-

monakliss Seadgenda samcxe, romelic isev osmaleTs darCa.

zavis dadebis Semdeg, Sah abasma `gurjistanis~ sakiTxis sbo-

lood mogvarebisaTvis moicala. erTxel kidev gamoCda ro-

gori katastrofuli Sedegi SeiZleba mohyoloda saqarTve-

losaTvis or agresiul saxelmwifos _ iransa da osmaleTs

Soris mSvidobis damyarebas.

imis Tqma, rom qarTlisa da kaxeTis politikosebisaT-

vis ucnobi iyo iranis samzadisi maT winaaRmdeg, swori ar

iqneba. orive samefoSi da erTmaneTis mimarTac gadaidga

iseTi nabijebi, romlebic saerTo mtrisaTvis Rirseulad

daxvedras iTvaliswinebda. qarTlisa da kaxeTis im garkve-

ulma wreebma, romlebic politikas ganagebdnen, or samefos

Soris mSvidobis damyarebisa da TavdacvisaTvis Teimurazi

daaqorwines qarTlis mefe luarsabis daze _ xoreSanze da

mefeebs Soris xelSekrulebac gaformda erToblivi Tav-

dacvis Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebas ar mohyva raime realuri Se-

1 mogzauris pietro dela-vales moxseneba saqarTveloze pap urban

mervisadmi, 1627 w. Targmani italiuridan i. Wyoniasi. ìveria~, 1879,

#3, gv. 41-43 (SemdegSi yvelgan pietro dela vale).

52

degi, Tumca saqorwino diplomatiam sakmaod seriozuli

vnebaTa Relva gamoiwvia.

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom XVII s. pirvel me-

oTxedSi qarTlsa da kaxeTSi ar momxdara met-naklebad

mniSvnelovani movlena, romelSic Sah abasis xeli ar eria,

ra Tqma unda, uaryofiT aspeqtSi. igi yvela xelsayreli

SemTxvevis Tavis sasargeblod gamoyenebas cdilobda. aseTi

iyo Teimurazis qorwinebac.

rogorc cnobilia, 1607 wels Teimurazma iqorwina ma-

mia II gurielis asul anaze, romelTanac ori vaJi _ aleq-

sandre da levani SeeZina. ana gardaicvala 1610 wels. Sah

abasma 1611 wels samZimris gamosaxatavad TeimurazTan fex-

SiSveli karmelitebis ordenis wevri jovani tadeo gagzav-

na, romelmac Teimuraz mefes Sah abasis samZimris werili

gadasca1.

Teimurazma 1612 wels luarsab II-is da xoreSani SeirTo.

Teimurazisa da xoreSanis qorwinebam saerTaSoriso

rezonansi SeiZina. ucxoelebis TqmiT, kaxeTis mefis meore

1 mama jovani tadeo de san eliozo sam sxva misionerTan erTad

1604 wels romidan iranSi gaemgzavra da Sah abass papi klementi

VIII-is (1592-1605) epistole wauRo. misionerebma reC pospolitasa

da ruseTze gavliT imogzaures. isini reC pospolitaSi iyvnen, ro-

ca papi klementi VIII gardaicvala. axalma papma paolo V-m (1605-

1621) gzis gagrZelebis neba darTo. jovani tadeom 1607 wlis 20

dekembers Sahs germaniis imperatoris, reC pospolitis mefisa da

ruseTis xelmwifis werilebi ispaanSi gadasca. Sahma sapasuxo we-

rilebis waReba masve daavala. evropisken mimavalma patrma saqar-

TveloSi gaiara da Teimurazs Sahis samZimris werili gadasca

(vfiqrob, es italiuri wyaro azustebs ana dedoflis gardacvale-

bis aqamomde miRebul dros _ 1612 wels (Sdr. javaxiSvili iv., qar-

Tveli eris istoria, IV, Tb., 1967, gv. 346). jovani tadeo SemdegSi

iranSi kaTolike episkoposi gaxda. is imdenad kargad daeufla

sparsuls, rom mogvianebiT man da pietro dela valem Teimuraz I-

sa da kaTalikos zaqarias mier romSi gagzavnili sparsulad da-

werili werilebi Targmnes. (tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 19-20, 32,

196; III, gv. 92).

53

qorwinebiT gansakuTrebiT Sah abasi gaRizianda. jer ar-

qanjelo lambertis movusminoT: Sah abasma Teimurazs, saqar-

TveloSi gaSvebis win mravali darigeba misca werilobiT,

romelTagan mTavari iyo is, rom `rogorc qristians mas Se-

eZlo hyoloda mxolod erTi coli... erTi mxriv mas SeeZlo

nebismier qalze daqorwinebuliyo, Tu moewoneboda igi. amas-

Tanave dokumentSi iyo, rom ramdenadac ar unda moswoneboda

erTi Teimurazs, erTi pirovnebisaTvis, romelic ganTqmuli

iyo Tavisi silamaziT, mas Tavi mainc unda aeridebina. Tu is

am rCevas daarRvevda da masze daqorwindeboda maSin, ro-

gorc es dokumentSi iyo naTqvami, es gamoiwvevda Teimurazis

mTeli samefosa da piradad mis daRupvasac. laparaki iyo uk-

ve gardacvlili simon xanis qaliSvilze, qarTlis mefe lu-

arsabis daze, romelsac darejani1 erqva. igi iseTi lamazi

iyo, rom mis silamazeze xmam iranSi SeaRwia da iranis Sahis

guli imdenad gangmira, rom gadawyvita daufleboda mas da

amitom ukrZalavda Teimurazs mis SerTvas~2.

pietro dela vale3 Teimurazis da xoreSanis qorwine-

1 darejani Teimurazis asuls erqva. luarsabis is da, romelzec

arqanjelo lamberti laparakobs, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, xore-

Sani iyo. 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 78. 3 pietro dela vale (1586. 11. IV – 1652). axalgazrdobaSi soliduri

codniT aRiWurva sxvadasxva mecnierebaSi: musikaSi, xelovnebasa

da poeziaSi. 1614-1626 wlebSi imogzaura aRmosavleTis qveynebSi.

did xans iyo iranSi (1617- 1623). Tavis STabeWdilebebs werilobiT

uziarebda neapolel megobars mario skipanos, romlis rCeviT, sam-

SobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg, es werilebi gamoaqveyna. isini iTar-

gmna TiTqmis yvela evropul enaze. vales TxzulebaSi uZvirfasesi

cnobebia saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebze. is iranSi gaecno da dau-

axlovda kidec mraval qarTvels. colad hyavda qarTveli `qalba-

toni TinaTin Ziba~. ASirazSi gaicno qeTevan dedofali, romlis

wamebiT mokvdinebis Sesaxeb basraSi Seityo dominikaneli beris

gregorio orsinisagan. is didi mondomebiT agrovebda wamebuli

dedoflis nawilebs da cdilobda vatikans eRiarebina misi mowa-

mebrivi aRsasruli.

54

bas Sah abasis mier saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg omis dawyebis

sababad miiCnevs. rodesac Sahi maTi miwa-wylis sazRvarTan

mivida, man oriveni _ Teimurazi da luarsabi TavisTan dai-

bara, raTa momxdaris Sesaxeb angariSi CaebarebinaT da [Tei-

murazis] coli masTan mieyvanaT. mas undoda, raTac ar unda

dajdomoda xelT egdo igi, raTa mas TeimurazTan gaewyvita

saqorwino kavSiri, romelic aqamomde didi xnis winaT iyo

dadebuli...~1

rogorc cnobilia, kaxTa mefe aleqsandre II-is da nes-

tan-darejani qarTlis dedofali, simon I-is meuRle iyo. ma-

Ti vaJis giorgis asuli iyo xoreSani. aleqsandres SviliS-

vili iyo Terimuraz daviTis Ze. amgvarad, Teimurazi da xo-

reSani da-Zmis _ nestan-darejanisa da aleqsandres SviliS-

vilebi iyvnen.

radgan es qorwineba Sahis zewoliT xdeboda, mis wina-

aRmdeg pirvel rigSi marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebi iyvnen,

gansakuTrebiT ki politikosebi. misi Canafiqri, rogorc Se-

iZleba vivaraudoT, qarTvelebSi islamis kanoniT daSvebu-

li wesis danergva iyo, rac maT Soris dapirispirebas kidev

mogzaurobidan dabrunebis Semdeg, 1626 w. valem pap urban VIII-s wa-

rudgina vrceli moxseneba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. masSi aRwerili

iyo qarTveli xalxis mZime materialuri da sulieri mdgomareoba,

aris saintereso cnobebi Zveli saqarTvelos, qarTlisa da kaxeTis

samefoebis da maTi mefeebis – luarsab II-isa da Teimuraz I-is Sesa-

xeb, maT urTierTbaze Sah abasis iranTan, iranSi mcxovreb qarTve-

lebze, gansakuTrebiT ki qeTevan wamebulze. man paps mouwoda sas-

wrafod daxmareboda qarTvelebs da maTi sulis xsnisaTvis saqar-

TveloSi misionerebi gaegzavna. vales moxsenebis safuZvelze propa-

ganda fides krebam daadgina saqarTveloSi gaegzavnaT TeatinelTa

ordenis misionerebi don pietro avitabiles mrTaurobiT. (Pietro Della Vale, Viaggi descritti in 54 famigliari, 4 vol., Roma, 1650-1658 di cui si son fatte piu edizioni e traduzioni; gulbekiani r., namdvili cnobebi saqarTvelos

dedoflis qeTevanis mowamebrivi sikvdiolis Sesaxeb. frangulidan

Targmnes i, tabaRuam da c. bibileiSvilma, Tb., 1987; Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Римско-католическая миссия и Грузия, ч. I, Тб., 1994). 1 pietro dela vale, gv. 45.

55

ufro gaamZafrebda. am qorwinebiT gamowveuli winaaRmdego-

bis orgvari axsna gvaqvs. farsadan gorgijaniZe gadmog-

vcems: `batonis Teimurazis papa batoni aleqsandre (II) da

xoreSan, dedoflis bebia, nestan-darejan dedofali da-Zma-

ni iyvnen, batonis levanis Svilebi arian da qristianobaSi

umÃdurni yofilan da merjulenic nebas ar yofilan da

aragvis erisTvis SvilisTvis naqadebi yofila da kreba uq-

niaT amazed, rom daZmaT SvilisSvilebi erTmaneTs viT Ser-

Ton. asre arCives saqristianos (qarTl-kaxeTis _e.m.) gaer-

Tianebisa da gaZlierebisaTvis, merjuleT neba darTes~1.

qorwinebis winaaRmdegi yofila xoreSanis Zma, qarTlis me-

fe luarsab II-c: èse ara ineba mefeman naTesaobisaTsa ara-

med iZulebiTa SahabazisaTa misca da qmnes qorwili dide-

buli~2.

maSindel qarTul sazogadoebaSi, iseve rogorc sxva

mraval sakiTxSi, amjeradac ar arsebobda erTiani azri.

zogi momxreobda, zogi winaaRmdegi iyo. arqanjelo lam-

bertis mixedviT, `misianebmac ar daayovnes da Teimurazs

swored darejanis (xoreSanis _e.m.) SerTva urCies. eubnebod-

nen, rom masze ukeTes sacoles ver monaxavda, radgan igi

iyo ubadlo, keTilSobiluri sisxlis. ar moiZebneboda

sxva qali, romelic darejans Seedreboda silamaziT. ram-

denadac mas sxva Zma ar hyavda garda luarsabisa, xolo

isic uSvilo iyo, advilad SeiZleboda luarsabis gardac-

valebis Semdeg Teimurazi misi samefos baton-patronic gam-

xdariyo da es ori samefo gaerTianebuli saSiSi Zala iqne-

boda, rogorec mezobeli qveynebisaTvis, iseve TviT iranis

mrisxane xelmwifisaTvis~3.

1 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria. sargis kakabaZis gamocema. `sais-

torio moambe~, w. II, 1925, gv. 228. TiTqmis igives gadmogvcems pari-

zis qronika. pariJis qronika, anu cxovreba saqarTveloÁsa, z. WiWi-

naZis gamocema, Tb., 1903, gv. 24. 2 qarTlis cxovreba,II, gv. 424. 3 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 79.

56

Teimurazis xoreSanze daqorwinebis iniciatori rom

Sah abasi iyo, amas arCili Teimurazsac aTqmevinebs: rogor

miiwvia Sahma TavisTan daqvrivebuli kaxeTis mefe da mosTxo-

va, rom luarsabs damoyvreboda, am qorwinebiT jer xom ori

qarTveli mefe gaerTiandeboda da, rac mTavari iyo, Teimura-

zi Sah abasis qvisli gaxdeboda, romelsac luarsabis da

hyavda colad. Teimurazi, Turme, did winaaRmdegobas uwevda

Sahis am moTxovnas, rogorc misi rjulisaTvis miuRebel,

ukanono qmedebas, magram Sahis neba uryevi iyo1. Teimurazi

Semdeg ambobs: miuxedavad imisa, rom Sahis yvela moTxovna

davakmayofile, mas mainc gadawyvetili aqvs `kaxeTi man dair-

Cinos, bagrationni gaswyvitos da arsad ar moarCinos~2.

Teimurazisa da xoreSanis qorwinebis marTlmadide-

belTaTvis miuReblobis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos sazRvrebs

gascda. 1636-1640 wlebSi saqarTveloSi, kerZod, kaxeTSi nam-

yofi ruseTis elCobis wevrebis mixedviT, ierusalimis pat-

riarqma Teofanis III-m (1608-1644) XVII s. 10-iani wlebis da-

sasruls (1618-1619), kaxeTSi yofnisas, qorwineba ukanonod

gamoacxada. ìm iuris (giorgis _e.m.) da aleqsandre mefis

dis qaliSvili, rusulad qristiana, qarTulad xoreSani,

amJamad Teimurazis colia da Teimurazs mamis mamidaSvi-

lad moxvdeba. roca ierusalimis patriarqi Teofanisi sa-

qarTveloSi imyofeboda, maTi gayra moindoma. mefem da de-

dofalma Teofaniss misces Zveleburi, TvlebiT moWedili

oqros Tasi da mravali oqro da man maT Zveleburad cxov-

rebis neba darTo~3.

TeofanisisaTvis uxvi saCuqrebis mirTmeva misi gan-

risxebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT moxda. Teimurazma ekle-

siisadmi `daxmarebiT~, patriarqisagan patieba moipova.

1 arCili, str. 401-405. 2 iqve, str. 441. 3 Материалы по истории грузино-русских взаимоотношений. 1615-1640.

Документы к печаты подготовил и предисловием снабдил М. Полиевктов, Тб., 1937, с. 416; mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTi-

erTobis istoriidan, gv. 52-53.

57

ucxoeli damkvirvebeli arqanjelo lamberti qarTvel

feodalTa im nawilis (davarqvaT mas progresuli nawili)

azrs gamoxatavs, romlebisTvisac qveynis (amjerad mxolod

qarTlisa da kaxeTis) gaerTianebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-

loba hqonda, maT hyavdaT seriozuli Zalis gavlenis mqone

mowinaaRmdegeni, romlebic gareSe Zalas eyrdnobodnen. am-

gvarad, kaxeTSi da qarTlSi didebulTa ori banaki Camoya-

libda. rogorc farsadan gorgijaniZe ityoda, `magram amaTi damoyvreba da qarTlisa da kaxeTis gaerTeba zogT qar-

TvelTa da kaxTa ewyinaT da yaensTan avgvarad SeabezRes da

yaenman iwyina da gaavgulda da sacadelaT orTav (Teimurazi

da luarsabi _e.m.) mazandaras sanadirod dahpatija~1.

iranis politika qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis mimarT

sul ufro mkacrdeboda, rac yvelaze naTlad Teimuraz me-

fis ojaxis magaliTze gamoCnda: Sah abasma jer erTi Svili

da deda wahgvara, Semdeg meore Svili da daJinebiT moiT-

xovda TviT mefis xlebas iranSi. Teimurazi rom kargad

xvdeboda Sahis Canafiqrs, iqidanac Cans, rom igi SahisaTvis

micemuli mravali dapirebis miuxedavad, mas ar eaxla. ami-

tom simarTles ar Seefereba TviT Teimurazis naTqvami, rom

Sah abasma `mogvatyua moferebiT da moCvenebiTi megobrobiT,

aragulwrfeli siyvaruliT, mere moulodnelad Tavs dag-

vesxa da Cveni miwawylidan gagvaZeva~2. Sahis veragobasa da

cbierebaze akeTebs aqcents Teimuraz mefe moskovSi gagzav-

nil werilSi da aRniSnavs rogor manipulirebda igi iran-

Si wayvanili ufliswulebiT. Teimurazs imedi hqonda, rom

danapirebis mixedviT, Sahi mas ufros vaJs daubrunebda da

amitom mobilizebuli meomrebi saxlebSi gauSva, amiT isar-

gebla Sahma da kaxeTis samefos Tavs daesxa3.

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 228. Sah abasis am qorwinebiT ukmayofi-

lobis Sesaxeb sakmaod vrclad mogviTxrobs arqanjelo lamber-

ti. tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 79-81. 2 Материалы по истории грузино-русских взаимоотношений, с. 70 3 Там же, с. 45.

58

Teimurazis, yizilbaSTa saqarTveloSi SemoWris wina

periodis, werilebidan da arCil mefis `gabaasebidan~ ise

gamodis, rom Teimurazi gulubryvilod endoboda Sah abass

da misi yvela sityvisa da danapirebisa sjeroda, rac simar-

Tles ar Seefereba. amdenad, miWirs gaviziaro l. tuxaSvi-

lis mosazreba, TiTqos Teimuraz mefem droulad ver gamo-

icno Sah abasis ganzraxva da moumzadebeli Sexvda mters.

aseve fiqrobs d. kaWaravac1. ra Tqma unda verc isqander

munSis sityvebs vendobi, gansxvavebiT d. kaWaravasagan, rome-

lic imowmebs mis erT-erT gamonaTqvams: `qarTvelebsa da

gansakuTrebiT bedovlaT Teimurazs udardelobis farda

hqondaT gamWriaxobis Tvalze Camofarebuli~2. d. kaWarava

qarTlsa da kaxeTSi Sah abasis mier mowyobil akleba-awio-

kebasa da genocidSi braldebas uyenebs maTsave mefeebs.

Mmas miaCnia, rom ìm saSinel tragediaSi, romelic Sah abas-

ma Tavs daatexa saqarTvelos, pirvel rigSi luarsab II-sa

da Teimuraz I-s miuZRvodaT brali~3. magram mkvlevari ar

ambobs, rogor unda moqceuliyvnen qarTveli mefeebi. vfiq-

rob, amgvari umarTebulo gancxadeba maSindeli saistorio

wyaroebis zerele analizis Sedegia.

mkiTxvels Sevaxseneb, rom isqander munSi Suasaukune-

bis arc pirveli da arc ukanaskneli istorikosia, rom-

lisTvisac misi batonis yvela momxre Wkviani da wesieria,

mowinaaRmdege ki, uvici, ukulturo, orpiri, moRalate da a.

S. axla Tvali gadavavloT isqander munSis TxzulebaSi mi-

mobneul gamonaTqvamebs qarTvel mefeebze. Sah abasis es me-

xotbe istorikosi, araerTxel cdilobs mkiTxvelis TvalSi

1 tuxaSvili l., erovnuli xsnis gasayarTan, Jurn. `ciskari~, # 9,

Tb., 1983, gv. 111.. ix. qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II,

Tb., 1998, gv. 149; kaWarava d., saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis sa-

kiTxisaTvis (XVII-XVIII ss.). qarTuli diplomatia, weliwdeuli, IV,

Tb., 1997, gv. 310. 2 qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II, gv. 150; qarTuli

diplomatia, IV, Tb., gv. 311. 3 qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II, gv. 150.

59

daamciros Teimurazi (aseTivea misi Sefasebani yvela im qar-

Tvelis mimarT, romlebic Sah abasis muxlebs ar moexvien):

`mudam acdendnen uvicsa [da] gamoucdel [Teimurazs] swor

gzas da arwmunebdnen mas, ar wasuliyo cis msgavs sasaxleSi

(Sahis karze)~1; `[Teimurazma] borotgamzraxvelebis waqeze-

biT, amjerad sapatio mizezis gareSe uari sTqva [mosvlaze]

da [Sahis] samsaxuris bednierebas ar eziara~2; TeimurazTan,

romelic `gamoucdeli da uvici, xelmwifis CrdilqveS iyo

gamozrdili~, Sah abasma masTan Tavis kaci gagzavna, raTa

misTvis `daudevrobis bamba amoeclia yurebidan~3; `Teimura-

zi da luarsabi, es ori uvici da ugunuri...~4 xoja Mmohamed

rezam `mWermetyvelebiT, brZnuli gamokvleviT da Wkvianuri,

gonieri sityviT is velurebi da ùmecrebis velze moxetia-

leni (igulisxmeba imereTis samefo kari da iq TavSefarebu-

li mefeebi _ Teimurazi da luarsabi_e.m.) isev gamoiyvana

mtrobis sadgomidan da erTgulebisa da Tanxmobis mosurne

gaxada~5. `luarsabma Tavisi garegnoba wrfeli erTgulebis

kvarTiT Seimko, SigniT ki veragobiT da mzakvrobiT [savsem],

rac im xalxis (qarTvelebis _e.m.) bunebas Seadgens~6. sxva

msgavsi, qarTveli xalxis, maTi mefeebisa da dampyrobTa wi-

naaRmdeg mebrZoli qarTvelebis Seuracxmyofeli epiTetebis

amokreba SeiZleba isqander munSis naSromidan.… magram, vime-

oreb, Teimurazi, rogorc mTeli misi cxovrebidan, politi-

kuri da diplomatiuri saqmianobidan Cans, iyo sakmaod prag-

matisti da dasaxuli miznis miRwevisaTvis Seupovari. is rom

marTla iseTi yofiliyo, rogorsac arCili warmoaCenda, ma-

Sin igi gamefebisTanave Sahis msxverpli an iranis mbrZaneb-

lis yvela survilis amsrulebeli gaxdeboda da mis ojaxs

1 isqander munSi, gv. 69. 2 iqve, gv. 69-70. 3 iqve, gv. 83. 4 iqve, gv. 88 5 iqve, gv. 88-89. 6 iqve, gv. 91.

60

da qveyanas is ubedureba ascdeboda, romelic Sah abasma sa-

qarTveloSi daatriala.

albaT, saintereso unda iyos, erT-erTi evropeli dam-

kvirvebeli, iranSi mopovebuli cnobebis mixedviT, rogor

msjelobs Sah abasis mier `gurjistanis~ aklebaze. 1617

wlis 24 noembriT daTariRebul werilSi, romelic gagzav-

nilia espaneTis mefisadmi, aRniSnulia, rom kaxeTis dedo-

fali-beguni qeTevani, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos anu gur-

jistanis, igive albaniis1 mmarTvelis deda, SirazSi Camoiy-

vanes. ès qristiani dedofali ar iyo damnaSave, _ wers

anonimi avtori, _ Tavisi Svilis [Teimurazis] ajanyebisaT-

vis, magram iranis Sahma, aRSfoTebulma imiT, rom misi Svi-

li xelT ver igdo, gaanadgura da gaZarcva mTeli qveyana,

80 aTasi suli tyve xelT igdo da amasTanave, es dedofali

8 da 9 wlis ori bavSviT, misi SviliSvilebiT, igive Teimu-

razis SvilebiT~2.

amgvarad, sxvadasxva mizandasaxulebis wyaroebi, sru-

liad gansxvavebul interpretacias iTxovs. gasagebia arCil

mefis pozicia, rodesac Teimurazis Sahisadmi usafuZvlo

ndobasa da mis gautanlobaze gadmogvcems, amiT mas unda

xazi gausvas Sahis usamarTlod moqmedebas.

isqander munSis mixedviT, ramdeni sikeTe ar Caidina

Sah abasma Teimuraz mefisa da luarsab mefis bednierebi-

saTvis, magram isini imdenad uvicni da daunaxavebi iyvnen,

rom Sesaferisad ver gamoiyenes es sikeTe da Sahisadmic

upativiscemod iqceodnen. amitom moimkes maT is nayofi, rac

daimsaxures. aseTia isqander munSis Txzulebis paTosi.

zemoT damowmebuli espanuri wyaros avtori ki, rome-

lic, rogorc Cans, daaxloebuli iyo iranis mmarTvel wre-

ebTan, axmovanebs im braldebas, rasac Teimurazs iranSi

1 Sua saukuneebis dasavleTevropul wyaroebsa da literaturaSi,

garda pietro avitabeles relaciisa, kaxeTi yovelTvis àlbane-

Tad~ moixsenieba. 2 dokumentebi, # 46, gv. 384.

61

uyenebdnen da amiT surdaT gaemarTlebinaT is saSineleba,

rac yizilbaSebma saqarTveloSi Caidines.

gadavxedoT ra xdeboda Teimurazisa da Sah abasis ur-

TierTobaSi, manamde, vidre qarTl-kaxeTSi taragedia datri-

aldeboda. ai ras gadmogvcems isqander munSi: Teimurazis

gamefebisTanave, `saqarTvelos didebulebma da im xalxis be-

rebma~, albaT imitom, rom iranTan mSvidoba undodaT da imi-

tomac, rom qristiani mefe daanebaT Sahma, ganacxades morCi-

leba da ikisres aleqsandre meoris dros Tu iranis winaSe

Sesaferis samsaxurs ver swevdnen, yvelafers aanazRaureb-

dnen. amis Semdeg did dros ar gauvlia, rom Sah abasma 1607

wels moiTxova, rom `Teimuraz-xani mosuliyo gawyobili ja-

riT Semaxis cixeSi da [Sahis] samsaxurad damdgariyo~. magram

Teimurazi Sahs ar eaxla. rogorc istorikosi ambobs, kaxe-

Tis mefem viRac `borotganmzraxvelebs~ daujera, Sahs bodi-

Si SeuTvala da ìTxova, rom gaeTavisuflebinaT amJamad ma-

Ral karze xlebisagan da rom gamogzavnida Tavis dedas _ dedofals, romelic misi qveynis mTavari saqmeebis gadamwyve-

ti iyo~1. pietro dela valec aRniSnavda, rom `ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi, roca Teimuraz mcire wlovani iyo, qvri-vi qeTevani hmarTavda saxelmwifos~2.

ra SeiZleba vifiqroT Teimuraz mefis saxeliT Sahi-

saTvis SenaTvalze. ueWvelia, rom Teimurazi SahTan ar ga-

uSva misma dedam, dedofalma qeTevanma da werilic misi da-

werili iqneboda. man kargad icoda, Sahis veragoba, misi oi-

nebi kaxeTis samefo karze da piradad mis ojaxSi. misTvis

isic naTeli iyo, ratom daTanxmda abasi Teimurazis kaxeT-

Si gamefebaze. Sahs undoda konstantines namoqmedariT ga-

mowveuli kaxelebis samarTliani guliswyroma daecxro.

magram isic gasagebi iyo, rom es Sahis droebiT ukan daxeva

iyo im generaluri xazidan, romelic miznad isaxavda kaxe-

Tis gadaqcevas iranis erT-erT saxanod. qeTevani mzad iyo

1 isqander munSi, gv. 69. 2 Ppietro dela vale, gv. 41

62

Tavi gaewira ymawvili SvilisaTvis. qeTevan dedoflis did

gavlenaze kaxeTis samefoSi aRniSnavs isqander munSic1.

Sahi, viTomdac Tavis avtoritets ufrTxildeboda (ra

Tqma unda, arc uamisoba iyo) da mainc moiTxovda, rom jer

Teimurazi `msubuqad gveaxlos samsaxurad. miiRebs ukan

dabrunebis nebarTvas da Semdeg, roca wava, Tavis dedas ga-

moatanos laSqari, ramdensac SeZlebs~.

qeTevan dedofali, marTlac `jaris erTi razmiT, ro-

melic sul aTasze meti kacisagan ar Sedgeboda~, Sahis ba-

nakSi mivida, sadac kargad miiRes, magram qarTvelTa razmi

araviTar saqmeSi ar gamoiyenes da ukan daabrunes2.

1610 wels Teimuraz mefe ardebilSi Sah abasis banakSi

mivida da, Tu isqander munSis davujerebT, man es Tavisi

surviliT, Sahisagan Zaldatanebis gareSe gaakeTa. Teimurazs

iq daxvda qarTlis mefe luarsabi. maT orives rac saTxova-

ri hqondaT, Sahma Seusrula da samSobloSi gamoistumra3.

isqander munSi SemdegSi ubrundeba Teimurazisa da lu-

arsabis Sah abasTan yofnis sakiTxs da damatebiT gvamcnobs,

rom gamgzvrebis win maT Sahs sTxoves, Tu igi sanadirod da

`saseirod~ wasvlas ganizraxavda, ecnobebina qarTveli mefe-

ebisaTvis da isinic `msubuqad da marto~ miiRebdnen monawi-

leobas. ìsini pirobas sdebdnen Sahis winaSe, rom Tu xelm-

wife saWirod dainaxavs Cvens daswrebas, malemsrbols gamog-

zavnis da migvixmobs, imav wuTs gamovemarTebiT da niavqari-

viT [swrafad] bednier amalaSi movalTo~4. magram, rodesac

Sahma marTlac miiwvia isini sanadirod MmazandaranSi da ka-

cic gaugzavna, maT ìmdeni iZvrines Tavi, rom mazanderanSi

[ukve] daTba, gazafxuli da nadirobis dro gavida da misi

didebuleba Sahic im velaieTidan wamovida. amgvarad, mefeeb-

ma piroba daarRvies~.

1 iqve. 2 iqve, gv. 69-70. 3 iqve, gv. 76-77. 4 iqve, gv. 80.

63

sparseli istorikosis monaTxrobis mizania, mkiTxvels

Seuqmnas STabeWdileba Teimuraz I-isa da luarsab II-is mier

Sah abasis motyuebis Sesaxeb. unda vifiqroT, rom mefeebs am-

gvari moqmedebis safuZveli hqondaT. Zalze sayuradRebod

mimaCnia imave istorikosis erTi, gakvriT naTqvami winadadeba:

Teimuraz mefes SahTan audienciis dros pirdapir uTqvams,

rom igi `zogierT qarTvel aznaurze cudi Sexedulebisa

iyo~. aqedan ar Cans Teimurazs mxolod kaxeli aznaurebi

hyavda mxedvelobaSi Tu kaxeli da qarTlelic. magram miniS-

neba ki aris, rom man, rogorc Tavisi, ise luarsabis saxe-

liT ukmayofileba gamoTqva. isic sainteresoa, magram ar

Cans, Teimurazs iranSi Tu saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi aznaure-

bi hyavda mxedvelobaSi. savsebiT mosalodnelia, mas mxedve-

lobaSi hyavda proiranulad ganwyobili is feodalebi, rom-

lebic kaxeTisa da qarTlis samefoSi mexuTe kolonas qmnid-

nen da zewolas axdendnen samefo karze. Cemi varaudi rom

usafuZvlo ar aris, arapirdapir Cans iskander munSis Semdeg

naTqvamSi: `maRalma xelmwifem yuradReba miapyro misa (Tei-

murazisa _e.m.) da qarTlis mefis luarsabis, romelic xel-

mwifes axlda, mdgomareobas, Seasrula orives Txovna da sa-

wadeli, wyaloba uyo da wasvlis neba misca. isinic dakmayo-

filebulni TavTavis qveyanaSi wavidnen~1.

savaraudoa, Teimurazs mxedvelobaSi hyavda Sahis kar-

ze myofi giorgi saakaZe da mis garSemo Semokrebili Teimu-

razisa da luarsabis ukmayofilo Tavadaznaurebi.

ukve iTqva, rom Sah abasma axlad gamefebul axal-

gazrda memefeebs qarTlsa da kaxeTSi maSinve opozicia ga-

uCina, romlis wevrebic TavianTi keTildReobiT sakuTar me-

feze ki ara, Sahze damokidebulni iyvnen.

Sah abasis mier kaxeTis mefesa da didebulebs Soris

Cagdebulma uTanxmoebam seriozulad iCina Tavi Teimurazis

meored qorwinebis Semdeg, raSic Sahica da misi momxre qar-

Tveli didebulebic, viTomdac, qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebis

1 iqve, gv. 76-77.

64

pirobas xedavdnen. rodesac gagulisebulma Sahma Teimurazi

da luarsabi mazandarans `sanadirod dahpatija da iqac

mtrebman dacdines da mazandaras wasvla dauSales da imave

damSlelebman ufro SemoabezRes da winandelT mobezRarT

sityvani gaamarTles da visac maTi waxdena undoda, imaT ki-

dev (mefeebi _e.m.) daafTxes da SeaSines~1. farsadan gorgi-

janiZe luarsab mefesa da giorgi saakaZes Soris SuRlis

Camogdebas da am ukanasknelis iranSi gadaxvewaSi brals

isev didebulebs sdebs: `zogni kaxeTis sabatios kacis Svi-

lebi yaenis karzed iyvnen batonis Teimurazisagan moCivarni

da isinic mouravs gauerTden da qarTlsa da kaxeTze gai-

laSqreba Ãemwfes gamourCives da kidec daajeres~2. rogorc

mefe arCili Teimurazs aTqmevinebs, eseni is xalxi iyvnen

vinc, Sahis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, Teimurazs iranSi Svile-

bis gagzavnas urCevdnen. isini daJinebiT moiTxovdnen, Tei-

murazic Sahs xleboda3.

zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg gasagebi unda iyos Teimuraz

mefis mier SahTan gamoTqmuli sayveduri zogierTi qarTve-

li didebulis mimarT. safiqrebelia, qarTveli mefeebi Sahi-

sagan ukmayofiloni wavidnen da mTavar amocanad antiiranu-

li Zalebis gaerTianeba daisaxes miznad. amgvari gaerTiane-

bis aucileblobas dRis wesrigSi ayenebda iran-osmaleTis

omis damTavrebac.

1612 wlis zaviT irani gamarjvebuli gamovida omidan.

osmaleTis mTavrobis azriT, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ira-

nis gavlenis qveS aRiareba, droebiTi iyo. isic gasagebi iyo,

rom irani omiTa da didi msxverpliT mopovebul am warmate-

bas maqsimalurad gamoiyenebda da erTxel da samudamod qar-

Tlsa da kaxeTs Tavisad gadaaqcevda. erTi SexedviT, ro-

gorc n. nakaSiZe SeniSnavda, `qarTl-kaxeTis politikosebi

ar unda yofiliyvnen 1612 wlis zaviT ukmayofilo: aq qris-

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 228. 2 iqve, gv. 229. 3 arCili, gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rusTvelisa, str. 459, 462.

65

tiani mefeebi isxdnen, romlebic formalurad-Ra Candnen

iranis xeldebulad. magram es faqti safuZvelSive ewinaaR-

mdegeboda Sah abasis perspeqtiul gegmebs saqarTvelos mi-

marT, romelic gulisxmobda qristian bagrationTa fizikur

mospobas, mosaxleobis ayra-gadasaxlebas, gamahmadianebasa da

am teritoriaze mahmadianuri saxanoebis Seqmnas~1.

osmaleTis da qarTveli politikosebis SiSi, rom Sah

abasi omiT mopovebul upiratesobas da osmaleTTan mSvido-

bis damyarebas aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Tavisi pozicie-

bis ganmtkicebisa da `gurjistanis~ sakiTxis samudamod ga-

dasaWrelad gamoiyenebda, gamarTlda.

Sahis ganwyobileba da gegmebi ar SeiZleboda mxedve-

lobidan gamorCenodaT qarTvel politikosebs da maT kon-

trRonisZiebebis gatareba scades.

1613 wels Camoyalibda qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoe-

bis antiiranuli koalicia, romlis sulisCamdgmelad is-

kander munSi asaxelebs Sermazans, romelic kaxeli bagra-

tionebis axlobeli da erTguli Sermazan ColoyaSvili un-

da iyos. igi qeTevan dedofalma Tan gaayola iranSi SahTan

gagzavnil mcirewlovan ufliswul Teimurazs2.

isqander munSi qarTveli mefeebis SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb

wers: ùeWvelia, ramdenime qarTvelis, gansakuTrebiT Serma-

zanis waqezebiT dasdves maT piroba da paemani, rom amieri-

dan erTmaneTTan TanxmobiT yofiliyvnen, imis sawinaaRmde-

god, rogorc maTi mamebi iqceodnen, da sanam SesaZlebeli

iqneboda, Tavisi sacxovrebelidan ar daZruliyvnen da yi-

zilbaSebisaTvis ar CaegdoT Tavi [xelSi]~3. istorikosi Sa-

his saqarTveloze laSqrobis dawyebas qarTvel mefe-mTavar-

Ta Soris erTgulebis xelSekrulebis dadebas ukavSirebs.

araqel davriJeci mefeTa SeTanxmebis mizezad Sah aba-

sis saqarTveloze gamolaSqrebas Tvlis. isini iZulebuli

1 nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, Tb., 1977, gv. 51. 2 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 382. 3 isqander munSi, gv. 81.

66

gaxdnen erToblivad daecvaT Tavi. kavSiris damyarebis ini-

ciatori, imave avtoris mixedviT, luarsab II iyo. man Teimu-

razi TbilisSi miiwvia. maT `Sehkres piroba da kavSiri, rom iqnebodnen Tanamoziareni da Tanamosaqmeni, erTmaneTisaTvis

Tavs dasdebdnen da Seewirebodnen qristes saxels~1.

aRniSnul xelSekrulebas realuri Sedegi ar mohyo-

lia. dReisaTvis cnobili werilobiTi wyaroebi arafers am-

bobs mefeebis mier gatarebul TavdacviT RonisZiebebze. uf-

ro metic, Teimurazma erTi iseT moqmedeba Caidina, romli-

Tac sagrZnoblad Seasusta Tavisi SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. eW-

vianobis safuZvelze, misi brZanebiT, mokles cnobili sar-

dali, politikuri moRvawe da poeti qaixosro ColoyaSvi-

li. ueWvelia, rom Teimurazs es nabiji gadaadgmevines Sahis

agentebma da maTi miTiTebiT moqmedma zogierTma kaxelma

msxvilma Tavadma.

odesRac qristiani da qarTul kulturas naziarebi

qisteT-CaCneT-lekeTi XVI-XVII saukuneebSi, islamis miRebis

Semdeg, saqarTvelos sarwmuneobrivad CamoSorda. iranis mi-

er gatarebuli politikis Sedegad isini saqarTvelos mtre-

bad gadaiqcnen. Teimurazma maT dasamorCileblad jari gag-

zavna cnobili sardlis qaixosro ColoyaSvilis meTauro-

biT.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, lekTa Tavdasxme-

bis SesaCereblad `waravlina Teimuraz omaniSvili (Colo-

yaSvili _e.m.) qaixosro, rameTu iyo igi axovani, SemarTebu-

li. ese Sevida daRistansa Sina da dadga mTasa zeda, uwyo

rbeva, srva da oÃreba, da viTar ver winaaRudgnen, iTxova

buki Teimurazisagan, rameTu moSiSar iqnebian ufrosad.

aramed kaxTa Seasmines batons Teimurazs: `nebavs kaxeTi da

misTÂs iTxovs buksaca~. amisTÂs moiyvana qaixosro da moh-

kla igi Ralatad~2.

1 araqel davriJecis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. Targmani, Sesa-

vali da komentarebi k. kuciasi, Tb., 1974, gv. 23. 2 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 585

67

Teimuraz mefis mier qaixosros mokvdineba, rom Sah

abasis intrigebis Sedegad moxda, amaze sakmaod vrclad

gadmogvcems pietro dela vale. Sahi iTvaliswinebda ra, qe-

Tevan dedoflis did avtoritets kaxeTis samefoSi, ganiz-

raxa dedasa da Svils Soris ganxeTqilebis moxdena. man Te-

imurazs Caagona, TiTqos misi deda meored gaTxovebas api-

rebda erT did mxedarTmTavarze. TiTqos qeTevans ganzraxu-

li hqonda TeimurazisaTvis memkvidreoba waerTmia da im va-

JebisaTvis Seenaxa meore qmarTan rom eyoleboda. amgvarad

Cagonebulma Teimurazma mxedarTmTavari moakvlevina da qe-

Tevans CamoarTva qveynis marTvis sadaveebi1. Teimurazma rom

qaixosro eWvianobis niadagze moakvlevina, amas gadmogvcems

anton furcelaZec2. ramdenad Seefereboda es mizezebi si-

marTles, amis mtkicebas an uaryofas axla mniSvneloba ara

aqvs. orive mizezi uaRresad seriozuli iyo. mTavari is

iyo, rom erTis an meoris sinamdvileSi darwmunebuli Tei-

murazi, qaixosroSi taxtis mociles dainaxavda. savaraudoa,

represiebi garkveul doneze, oman ColoyaSvilis (qaixos-

ros da nikoloz-nikifores mamis) ojaxis sxva wevrebzec

gavrecelda. qaixosros dasja moxda Sah abasis aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi pirvelad SemoWris win.

Teimuraz mefis mier qaixosro ColoyaSvilis mokvdi-

nebis namdvil mizezad g. akofaSvilma misi proiranuli

orientacia ivarauda, romelic mefisaTvis miuRebeli iyo3.

g. Jordanias mixedviT ki, romelic, vfiqrob, gasaziarebe-

lia, sruliad sawinaaRmdego mdgomareoba iyo. qaixosro an-

tiiranuli orientaciisa unda yofiliyo da swored amis ga-

mo ColoyaSvilebis gvaris es gamoCenili warmomadgeneli

Sah abas I-is intrigebis msxverpli Seiqmna. Sahma iseTi viTa-

reba Seqmna, rom Teimurazisave xeliT moiSora es gamoCeni-

1 pietro dela vale, gv. 42 2 furcelaZe a., brZola saqarTvelos mosaspobad da saqarTvelos

SesaerTeblad anu giorgi saakaZe da misi dro, tf., 1911, gv. 158-159,

422-423. 3 akofaSvili g., dasax. naSr., gv. 23.

68

li sardali1, AriTac sagrZnoblad daasusta kaxeTis same-

fos samxedro Zala iranelTa intervenciis win.LA

vfiqrob, qaixosros mkvlelobis Semdeg, mcire xanSi,

Teimurazi miatova kidev erTma ColoyaSvilma, saeklesio da

saxelmwifo moRvawem, nikifore irbaxis saxeliTa da gvariT

cnobilma nikoloz ColoyaSvilma. man Teimurazi miatova

da ierusalimSi gaemgzavra2. seriozuli politikuri moRva-

wisa da diplomatis niWiT dajildoebuli nikifores was-

vla saqarTvelodan TeimurazisaTvis didi danaklisi iyo.

umniSvnelo ar iyo isic, rom Sahis karze iyvnen gavleniani

kaxeli Tavadebi: adam andronikaSvili, daviT jandieri da

nodar jorjaZe.

qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis Sesustebis saqmeSi, ra

Tqma unda, didi roli Seasrula qarTlis samefoSi giorgi

saakaZis saxelTan dakavSirebulma feodalurma SuRlma, da-

pirispirebuli banakebis warmoSobam da sabolood didi mou-

ravis iranSi gaqcevam. giorgisTan erTad 1612 wels wavida

nugzar aragvis erisTavi, romelic male dabrunda Sahisagan

nawyalobevi da marjve dros ucdida. saqarTveloze wamo-

sul Sah abass nugzar erisTavi ganjaSi Seegeba. kaxeTis ao-

xrebis dros yizilbaSTa jari aragvis saerisTaos ar Sexe-

bia3. am da sxva arasasurvelma momentebma, romlebic moxda

iranelTa intervenciis win, gadamwyveti Tu ara, mniSvnelova-

ni roli mainc Seasrula Sah abasis saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

saomari gegmis SemuSavebasa da im warmatebaSi, romelic ira-

nelebma qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis winaaRmdeg omSi moipoves.

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Ук. труд, с. 386. 2 ufro vrclad SemdegSi. 3 gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri urTierTo-

bis istoriidan, Tb., 1955, gv. 334.

69

II. Teimuraz I-is sagareo politika da diplomatia saqarTveloSi iranis intervenciis dros

urTierToba osmaleTTan, ruseTTan da Crdilo kavkasiis samTavroebTan (1614-1625 ww.)

XVII s. pirvel naxevris, saqarTvelos urTierToba

iranTan, ruseTTan da osmaleTTan aisaxa im masalebSi, rom-

lebic elCebis mogzaurobebs, moxsenebebsa da mefeebis dip-

lomatiur sigelebs Seicaven.

rusi elCebis cnobebi, maTSi arsebuli uzustobebis mi-

uxedavad, warmodgenas gviqmnis iranSi, Sahis karze da ucxo-

el diplomatebs Soris gavrcelebul xmebze, saqarTvelos

winaaRmdeg omis mizezebis Sesaxeb. amave dros gasagebi xdeba

moskovis informirebuloba saqarTveloSi arsebul viTareba-

ze. ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-

ni iyo Sahis miznebis garkveva Crdilo kavkasiaSi. Terg-qala-

qisa1 da astraxanis mmarTvelebi amgvar informacias sagul-

dagulod agrovebdnen. Sah abasis saqarTveloSi pirveli

laSqrobisTanave Tergis sardali p. golovini 1614 wlis ag-

vistoSi mefes acnobebda, rom Sahi jer yabardoze, Semdeg ki

yumuxeTze laSqrobas da mtkiced fexis mosakideblad tar-

kSi cixe-simagreebis Cadgmasac apirebda2. Sahs kavkasiaSi sa-

laSqrod Taviseburi marSruti hqonda SemuSavebuli: qarTl-

kaxeTi-yabardo-yumuxeTi-derbenti, rac warmatebis SemTxveva-

Si centraluri da aRmosavleT kavkasiis rkalSi moqcevas

gamoiwvevda3. magram Sahma Tu am ganzraxvis ganxorcieleba

ver SeZlo, amis umTavresi mizezi qarTveli xalxis Tavdade-

buli brZola iyo. ra Tqma unda, iranisaTvis mniSvneloba

1 es qalaqi agebuli iqna md. Tergis SesarTavTan 1588-1589 wlebSi

yabardos mTavrisa da kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-is TxovniT. 2 Русско-дагестанские отношения XVII-первой четверти XVIII века (документы и материалы). Махачкала, 1958, док. №3, с. 33-34. 3 Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebi saqarTvelos sagareo politikaSi

(XV-XVIII ss.) Tb., 1990, gv. 99.

70

hqonda ruseTisa da osmaleTis im mkacr pozicias, romelic

maT jer kidav Sahis mier saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mowyobi-

li laSqrobis gamo daikaves. maT pirdapir moiTxoves, rom

Sahs Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqrobaze xeli aeRo1,

Sah abasis saqarTveloSi intervenciis dawyebaze sain-

tereso cnobebi dagvitoves ruseTis elCebma iranSi m. tixa-

novma da al. buxarovma, romlebic ispaanSi mividnen 1614

wlis 4 oqtombers. Sah abass, maSin rodesac saqarTvelos

iklebda, osmaleTis elCisaTvis uTqvams, rom saqarTveloSi

SeWris mizezi qarTvelebis mier erTgulebis ficis2 gatexva

iyo. sulTnis elCi qarTvelebs gamoesarCla: saqarTvelo

aravis ar eomeboda da qarTvelebi mSvidobianad cxovrob-

dnen didi saxelmwifoebis _ osmaleTis, ruseTisa da irans

Soris. yvela mezobeli saxelmwifo mas pativs scemda da

ufrTxildebodao. elCis sityvebiT gaRizianebul Sahs uT-

qvams: Semaxa, derbenti da sxva qalaqebi xmliT davipyari,

romlebic sulTanma xmliT wamarTva. saqarTvelo ki didi

xania Cemi xelqveiTia, axla ki RalatisaTvis davimorCile

da sulTans, romelsac winaT masTan omebi hqonda, axla

araferi esaqmebao.

rusma elCebma, Turqi elCis naTqvams daumates, rom

qarTlis mefe giorgis Zeni _ luarsabi da iese, Sahs emsa-

xurebodnen. Sahi saqarTveloSi jariT movida, Teimurazs

deda da ori vaJi mosTxova. roca Teimurazma misi moTxovna

daakmayofila, amis Semdeg man qarTuli miwebi daipyro. ze-

moxsenebuli petre golovinis gadmocemiT, Teimurazs Sahi-

saTvis SeuTvlia: Cemi miwa-wyali rom ar dagelaSqra, amis

saTxovnelad SenTan Cemi deda, Zma da Svilebi gamogigzavne,

4 iqve, gv. 100-101. 5 Шах «да о Грузинской земле говорил, что шах разорил напрасно за шертью». «Шерть» v. dalis ganmartebiT aris «присяга мусульман на подданство». Толковый словарь живаво великорускаго языка В. Даля, т. IV, СПб.-М., 1882, с. 630. Sdr. svaniZe m., dasax. naSr., gv. 267, sadac

«Шерть»-is nacvlad aris «шерсть».

71

Sen ki isini aRar damibrune da qveyanac amioxre. erTiRa damrCa _ guli da suli, sanam cocxali var, arc erTs mog-

cem da arc meores da arc Sen geaxlebio1. Teimurazma bevri

ibrZola, magram iZulebuli gaxda coliTa da darCenili

momxreebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi (baSiaCukSi) gadasuli-

yo. Sahma misi deda da vaJebi ispaanSi gagzavna. im droisaT-

vis Teimurazis ufrosi vaJi oTxis, umcrosi ki sami wlis

yofila. elCebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi datrialebul

ubedurebis Sesaxeb aRniSnaven, rom Sahma igi mTlianad gaa-

nadgura, saukeTeso adamianebi iranSi gagzavna, qalaqebSi

Tavisi voevodebi dasva, eklesiebi mospo2.

iran-osmaleTis diplomatiuri urTierToba saqarTve-

los sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aisaxa 1614 wlis 16 ivliss

iranidan astraxanSi dabrunebuli erT-erTi kazakis monaT-

xrobSi. aqac laparakia imaze, rogor cdilobda Sahi Tavisi

qveSevrdomi saqarTvvelos mefis dasjis ufleba daesabuTe-

bina. igi amitomac sTxovda osmaleTis sulTans dasavleT

saqarTveloSi TavSefarebuli Teimurazi misTvis gadaeca

da amis Semdeg Sahsa da sulTans Soris saukuno Zmoba da

siyvaruli damyardeboda3. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es ar

moxdeboda. amave moxsenebidan yuradRebas ipyrobs isic, rom

saqarTveloSi laSqrobis dros yumuxelebma Sah abasisTvis

daxmarebis mosurne tarkis mTavar gireisaTvis 1500 mebrZo-

lis micemaze uari uTxres. ruseTisagan CamoSorebul gire-

is, erTis mxriv iaranelebis, meores mxriv ki, yumuxelebs

SiSis gamo, gadauwyvetia Sahs xleboda da dacva eTxova4.

Tergis voevodac moskovSi acnobebda sulTnis elCis

mier SahisaTvis dasmuli kiTxvis Sesaxeb: ratom daipyro man

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы по внешнеполитической истории Грузии первой половины XVII века, содержащиеся в архивном фонде «Сношения России с Персией». krebulSi: `qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis sagareo poli-

tikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973, dok. #6, gv. 133. 3 iqve, dok. #1, gv. 128-129. 3 igivea gameorebuli dok. #7-Si, gv. 134. 4 iqve, gv. 131.

72

saqarTvelo da mefe Teimurazi gaaZeva, maSin, rodesac saqar-

Tvelos miwa misi moxarke, xolo yumuxelebi ki, mis samsax-

urSi arian1. sxva dokumentSi naTqvamia, rom Teimuraz mefe 12

aTas Tumans uxdida sulTans xarkis saxiT2.

amgvarad, osmaleTis pretenzia saqarTveloze, kidev

ufro amwvavebda Sahis reaqcias Seupovari qarTlisa da ka-

xeTis samefoebis mimarT.

vidre yizilbaSebis laSqroba saqarTveloSi daiwyebo-

da, manamde Sahma xelT igdo Teimurazis ori vaJi _ levani

da aleqsandre da qeTevan dedofali. beri egnataSvili da

vaxuSti batoniSvili Teimurazis mier SahTan mZevlebis gag-

zavnas, TiTqmis erTnairad gadmogvcemen.

osmaleTze saomrad mimavalma Sahma ganjidan Teimu-

razs SemouTvala, raTa Sens erTgulebaSi mSvidad viyo,

mZevali momecio. Teimurazma ver daijera Sahis SemonaTva-

li, radgan maSin iransa da osmaleTs Soris mSvidoba iyo.

mefem es saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxi erTpirov-

nulad ver gadawyvita da Sahis moTxovna Tavis kariskaceb-

sa da didebulebs gaando. `maSin Teimuraz ezraxa kaxTa da

maT yovelTa ganuzraxes warvlineba Zisa. garna ara ineba

Teimuraz. aramed iZulebiTa kaxTagan waruvlina umrwemsi

Ze aleqsandre da waritanaca deda TÂsi qeTevan da nodar

jorjaZe... xolo Saabaz ra ixilna igini, ganrisxebulman

mouTxra kvalad Teimurazs: àraTu var ZiZa da mzrdeli Zi-

sa Senisa, warmomivline Ze Seni uxucesi (rameTu eneba sru-

liad yovelTa ÃelTgdebad), ukeTu gnebavs erToba CemTana,

da me vsce pativi dedasa Sensa da ukun-viqce~3.

Teimuraz mefes Sahis am brZanebis Sesruleba ar undo-

da, miT umetes, rom deda qeTevanmac SeuTvala meore vaJi

aRar gaegzavna, magram kaxelebma aiZules. `maSin uRono

1 Веселовский Н. И., Памятники… II, c. 340; Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы… dok.

#4, gv. 132. 2 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы… dok. #7, gv. 134. 3 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 586.

73

qmnilman Teimuraz waruvlina uxucesica Ze TÂsi levan da

waratana daviT aslaniSvili~. amis Semdeg Sah abasma Teimu-

razs SemouTvala: àw vscan, rameTu xar erTguli didi Ce-

mi, vinaÁTgan ara ride ZeTa SenTa CemTÂs, movedi Senca da

aRgavso niWiTa da gangiteo queyniTurT mSÂdobiT~1. amis

Semdeg yvelasTvis naTeli Seiqmna Sah abasis ganzraxva, ka-

xeTis mefis ojaxis xelSi CagdebiT undoda samefos daCo-

qeba da ganadgureba2.

ar SeiZleboda am garemoebasac Taviseburad uaryofi-

Ti gavlena ar moexdina Teimuraz mefisa da, saerTod kaxe-

lebis brZolisunarianobaze omis dawyebis pirvel etapze

mainc, rodesac kaxelebma TiTqmis brZolis gareSe daTmes

poziciebi. Teimurazma da qarTlis mefe luarsab II-m ime-

reTs Seafares Tavi.

Sah abasi maSinve Seudga Tavisi gegmis _ kaxeTis aoxre-

bis da gaukacrielebis ganxorcielebas. man kaxeTis gamgeblo-

ba Caabara Teimuraz mefis biZaSvils gamuslimanebul isa (ie-

se) xans. mogvianebiT, Teimuraz mefis elCi moskovSi, arqiepis-

koposi Teodose mangleli reviSvili, isa-xanis gamefebas ka-

xeTSi Semdegnairad hyveboda: Sah abasi zagemSi mivida jariT,

Teimuraz mefe gandevna da mis adgilas dasva giorgi mefis

Svili, Teimurazis RviZli biZaSvili, ufliswuli iese. Sahma

ieses dautova mravali mebrZoli. man ieses samsaxurSi datova

yvela is qarTvelic, romlebic Sahs miemxrnen da Teimurazs

uRalates. amis Semdeg Sahma saqarTvelo datova3.

Teimurz I-ma imereTis samefodan scada diplomatiuri

kontaqtebis damyareba mezobel da Soreul saxelmwifoeb-

Tan da iranis winaaRmdeg daxmarebas iTxovda. mis gverdiT

dadgnen dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi.

1 iqve. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 391-392. 2 amasve aTqmevinebs Teimurazs arCili Tavis `gabaasebaSi~, str.

458-460. 3 Полиевктов М., Материалы по истории грузино-русских взаимоотношений в 1615-1540 гг., Тб., 1937, с. 63.

74

Teimurazma mTielTa mTavrebs mimarTa, Tavs dasxmodnen

isa-xans, mis momxreebs da kaxeTSi dabanakebul yizilbaSebs

da amiT saqarTvelos daxmarebodnen. maT marTlac Segroves

10 aTasi kaci, Teimurazmac Sekriba Tavisi jari da erTobli-

vad Seebnen isa-xans. isa-xani da masTan erTad mravali yi-

zilbaSi daiRupa. Teimurazma yvela moRalate qarTveli

amowyvita da Tavisi samefo daibruna. Teimuraz mefem Sahis

vaWrebic amoxoca da mis qonebas daepatrona1.

Crdilo kavkasieli mTielebis TimurazisaTvis daxma-

reba, imiTic iyo nakarnaxevi, rom samxreT kavkasiaSi fexmo-

kidebuli irani imaTac safrTxes uqmnida da, maTi varau-

diT, isa-xani gadaiqceoda Sahis am gegmis dasayrdeni aRmo-

savleT amierkavkasiaSi. Sahi Tavis agresiul politikas sa-

qarTvelosa da Crdilo kavkasielebis, gansakuTrebiT da-

Restnelebis mimarT, maTi proTurquli orientaciiT xsnida.

sinamdvileSi Sahi kavkasiidan rogorc osmaleTis ise ruse-

Tis gaZevebas fiqrobda.

kavkasiaSi Teimuraz mefis avtoritetis zrdis maCvene-

belia isic, rom masTan mivida Sahis winaaRmdeg amxedrebu-

li Sirvanelebis meTauri delu-meliqi (meliq firma) da

samxedro daxmareba sTxova qalaqebis _ areSisa da yabalas

dasapyrobad. Teimurazma mas 10 aTasi meomari misca. delu-

meliqma dasaxelebuli qalaqebi marTlac daipyro da didi

nadavliTa da tyveebiT dabrunda TeimurazTan mesxeTSi2.

qarTveli diplomatis, Teodose manglelis naTqvams,

Teimuraz mefisa da delu-meliqis mokavSireobis Sesaxeb,

adasturebs isqander munSi3.

arqiepiskopos Teodoses sityviT, Sah abasma, rodesac

ajanyebis ambavi Seityo, Tavis erT-erT sardals, ali yuli-

1 Там же, с. 63-64. 2 m. polievqtovis ganmartebiT _ mesxeTi. Teimurazi ar SeiZleba

am dros mesxeTSi yofiliyo. mas jer kidev sulTnisagan ar mieRo

istoriuli mesxeTis qalaqebi, razec qvemoT iTqmeva. 3 isqander munSi, gv. 96-97.

75

xans didi jariT saqarTveloSi wasvla `Teimurazis Sepyro-

ba da cocxlad miyvana ubrZana~. Teimurazmac Sekriba jari,

wavida yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg, daamarcxa isini, xelT igdo

maTi almebi da nabaTebi da 2500 yizilbaSis mokveTil Taveb-

Tan erTad ahmed sulTans gaugzavna. Teimurazma jari daSa-

la, mcire razmiT suramSi dadga. amis Semdeg, Sahi uCumrad

movida saqarTveloSi. Teimurazi sulTanTan gaiqca1.

Sah abasma saqarTveloSi bolo, meoTxe Semosevis Sem-

deg, aoxrebuli kaxeTi orad gayo: md. ioris aRmosavleTi

mxare ganjis mmarTvel feiqar-xans, dasavleTi ki qarTlis

mmarTvels, svimon I-is Zmis daud-xanis (daviT XI) Svils, ga-

muslimanebul bagrat-xans (bagrat VII, 1615-1619), Caabara2. ìs

yizilbaSTa Soris aRizarda, sibrZnesa da mecnierebaSi gan-

swavluli iyo~3. misi Zma iyo qarTlis mefe xosro-mirza (igi-

ve rostom-xani _ rostom mefe). qarTveli istorikosis daxa-

siTebiT, `dajda qarTlsa bagrat, romeli gardaqceuliyo

sjulsa mahmadisasa, da arca iyo Rirsi mefobisa, da zurgad

ganjis xani da misni Semdgomni hyves. da maSin aman bagrat

ver dauWira Tavi qarTvelsa da verca eufla qalaqs zeiT

zemo qarTlsa da arca hyuarobdnen qarTvelni da arca-rad

aÃsenebden TaTrobisaTÂs da eZaxden sabaraTaSvilos baton-

sa da iyofeboda egreT~4.

pietro dela vales mixedviT, ès bagrati iyo luarsa-

bis gvarisa, misi biZa, Tu biZaSvili5, magram Tavis sarwmu-

noebas uar hyo iranSi da didi xnis wined gahxda mahmadia-

ni~6. Sahma kaxeTSi gamahmadianebuli iese (isa-xani), Teimura-

zis biZis giorgis Ze dasva da moadgileebad daviT jandie-

ri da nodar jorjaZe dauniSna.

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы,…с. 64. ufro vrclad: isqander munSi, gv.

98-100. 2 isqander munSi, gv.103. 3 iqve, gv. 114. 4 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 402. 5 Lluarsabis biZaSvilis Svili. 6 Ppietro dela vale, gv. 44.

76

1615 wels kaxeTSi ajanyeba daiwyo, romelsac meTau-

robdnen nodar jorjaZe da daviT jandieri. yizilbaSebis

amowyvetis Semdeg maT taxtze Teimurazi daabrunes. man se-

riozuli marcxi miayena Sahis mier gamogzvnil yizilbaSTa

jars. Teimurazis diplomatiuri saqmianobis Sedegi unda

yofiliyo, rom irnis winaaRmdeg ajanyebuli kaxelebis dax-

marebas apirebdnen yabardoelebi da yirimis xani, magram wa-

mowyeba CaiSala1. 1616 wlis gazafxulze Sahis meTaurobiT

wamosulGlaSqars veRar gauZlo da Teimurazi isev imereT-

Si gadavida.

* * *

cnobili wyaroebiT, dasavleT saqarTvelos samTavro-

ebis osmaleTTan sazavo molaparekebebSi Teimuraz I-is mo-

nawileoba ar Cans, magram cxadia, mis mdgomareobaSi myofi

politikosi am procesisadmi gulgrili ver iqneboda. da-

savleT saqarTvelos samTavroebis da osmaleTis morigeba,

maT Soris mSvidobis damyareba, gzas uxsnida kaxeTis mefes

antiiranuli kavSiris SeqmnisaTvis osmaleTTan urTierTo-

bis dasawyebad. molaparakeba samTavroebis mier osmaleTi-

saTvis xarkis gadaxdaze mimdinareobda, magram, mocemul vi-

TarebaSi, msjelobis sagani iranTan urTierTobac iqneboda,

rac xmamaRla, saqveynod ar gacxaddeboda. movlenebis Sem-

dgomi ganviTareba am varaudis daSvebis uflebas iZleva.

guriisa da samegrelos mTavrebs, formalurad sulTnis va-

salebs, kaxeTis devnil mefesTan maSin kargi urTierToba

hqondaT. Teimurazis interesebSi Sedioda osmaleTTan mo-

laparakebaSi pirdapir Tu ara iribad monawileoba mieRo

da misTvis antiiranuli mimarTuleba mieca.

Teimurazi iseTi antiiranuli koaliciis Seqmnas cdi-

lobda, romelSic iqneboda yvela qarTuli samefo-sam-

1 bocvaZe T., saqarTvelo-yabardos urTierTobis istoriidan (XVI-

XVIII ss.) Tb., 1963, gv. 69-70.

77

Tavro. Ees mizani TiTqmis miRweuli iyo. rogorc Semdeg

vrclad iTqmeva, qarTvelma mefe-mTavrebma erToblivi el-

Cic ki gagzavnes moskovSi da iranis winaaRmdeg daxmarebas

iTxoves. Teimuraz mefis elCma sideg-mahmudma 1615 wlis de-

kemberSi yumuxeTSi Caitana cnobebi saqarTveloze, romle-

bic ruseTis agentis saSualebiT cnobili gaxda moskovSi.

xelmwifes yumuxeTidan atyobinebdnen, rom Teimurazi àmJa-

mad Tavis saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze mivida, Seagrova Tavisi

samxedro Zalebi da Tavisi qarTuli miwa-wyali Sah abasis

xalxisagan gawminda. xelmwife (Teimurazma _e.m.), is Sah aba-

sis xalxi, romlebic mis qarTul miwaze isxdnen, yvela

amowyvita da maTgan gawminda Tavisi qveyana. areSSi mjdomi

Sah abasis voevoda Teimuiraz mefem SvilTan erTad sikvdi-

liT dasaja da areSSi myofi Sah abasis 500-mde kaci mok-

la... amJamad qarTveli mefe Teimurazi Tavis miwa-wyals Zve-

leburad flobs da ZegamSia. Teimuraz mefesTan, yizilbaSi

Sah abasis winaaRmdeg amJamad gaerTianda 6 qristiani mefe.

am gazafxulze Sah abasTan saomrad TurqeTis mefesac surs

maT xalxis misces~1.

Sahis agenturas, albaT, ar gauWirdeboda imis dadge-

na, romeli Zalebi ikribebodnen iranis winaaRmdeg da vin

gamodioda axlad Seqmnili koaliciis liderad.

isqander munSi aRniSnavs, rom `saqarTvelos mefeebis,

luarsabisa da Teimurazisganac xonTqars miuvida umdablesi

arzebi. isini Tavis Tavs osmaleTis xelmwifis qveSevrdome-

bad acxadeben da osmalebs aqezeben am mxaresTan (iranTan)

zavi daarRvion~2. imave istorikosis mixedviT, amgvarma cno-

bam Sah abasi SeaSfoTa, man saswrfod elCi gagzavna sulTan-

Tan da werili gaatana. masSi `megobruli Tavazis, xelmwifu-

ri wesisa da Cveulebis mixedviT [mokiTxvis] da xelSekrule-

bisa da paemnis mtkiced dacvis [survilis] gamoxatvis Semdeg

1 Полиевктов М., Мaтериалы по истории грузино-русских взаимоотношений в 1615-1540 гг., Тб., 1937, с. 25. 2 isqander munSi, gv. 92-93.

78

ewera... zogi urwmuno qarTveli, romelnic Zveli droidanve

Cveni samefo gvaris qveSevrdomni da moxarkeni iyvnen, aja-

nydnen da urCoba iwyes, islamis droSis amaRlebisaTvis da

WeSmarit gzas acilebul meamboxeTa dasasjelad im mxares

(saqarTveloze) gavemarTeT da saRvTo omis [warmoebis] bed-

nierebas vewieTo~. werilSi Semdeg aRniSnuli iyo yizilba-

Sebis mier saqarTveloSi Cadenil `gmirobebze~. werilTan

erTad Sahs sulTnisaTvis gaugzavnia TorRis1 cixeSi mopove-

buli nadavlidan `Zvirfasi qvebiT Semkuli gvirgvini sxva

saCuqrebTan da misarTmevelTan erTad~2.

saqarTvelos dacva scada ruseTis xelmwife mixeil

Tedores Zemac. man, 1615 wlis ianvarSi werili gaugzavna

Sah abass, romelSic saqarTveloze Tavisi uflebas amtki-

cebda da ZiriTadad aqcents akeTebda kaxTa mefe aleqsan-

dre II-is mier 1587 wels ruseTTan gaformebul saqveSevrdo-

mo xelSekrulebaze. ìverTa qveyana odiTganve Cveni mar-

Tlmadidebluri qristianuli rwmenisaa _ swers moskovis

xelmwife. _ aleqsandre mefem mTel iverTa qveyanasTan er-

Tad qveSevrdomoba sTxova Cems biZas did xelmwife mefes

da sruliad ruseTis did mTavars Tedore ivanes Zes, Sem-

deg sruliad ruseTis mefesa da did mTavars boris Tedo-

res Zes da maT memkvidreebs, imaT vinc SemdegSi didi xel-

mwifeebi iqnebian Cveni did ruseTis saxelmwifosi. da

Tqven, Cveni didi xelmwifebis Zma Sah abasis didebuleba

iverTa qveyanaSi aRar SeiWres da iverTa qveynidan jaris

gayvana brZanos~. mixeil Tedores Ze sayvedurobs Sah abass,

romelic Tavis werilebSi ruseTis xelmwifesTan megobro-

bisa da siyvarulSi yofnis survils gamoxatavda, maSin ro-

desac iverTa moskovis qveSevrdom qveyanas, saqarTvelos ik-

lebda. amitom gvinda icodeT, rom iveriis mefeebi da mTav-

rebi odiTganve berZnuli rwmenis qristianebi arian. `mas

Semdeg, rac cargradSi qristiani mefeebi gadaSendnen, iver-

1 pankisis cixe. 2 iqve, gv. 93.

79

Ta qveyanis mefeebsa da mTavrebs Soris Camovarda uTanxmoe-

ba. iveriis mefe aleqsandre levanis Zem dainaxa ra Tavisi

umweoba da Turqebisagan ganadgurebis SiSi hqonda, Cvens bi-

Zas, sruliad ruseTis did xelmwifes da did mTavars Te-

dore ivanes Zes Seevedra, qristianuli rwmenisaTvis mieRo

Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS da sulTnisa da Samxalisagan da-

ecva. samagierod dapirda, rom Tavisi SvilebiT, ufliswu-

li daviTiT da ufliswuli giorgiT, SviliSvilebiTa da

iveriis mTeli qveyniT saukunod ruseTis xelmwifeTa erT-

guli iqneboda. man, Cveni qristianuli wesis mixedviT,

jvars emTxvia da samgierod Turqebisagan ganTavisuflda.

amitom iyo, rom misma zogirTma mterma mravali wlis gan-

mavlobaSi veRar gabeda iverTa qveynaze Tavdasxma. Tqven,

Cvenma Zmam Sah abasma iciT, Tedore ivanes Zem Tergze kosa-

ze qalaqebi Cadga da jari Caayena iveriis qveynis Turqebisa

da yumuxebisagan dasacavad. misi brZanebiT, Turqebis, rom-

lebic mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi irans ebrZodnen, dasaxe-

lebul qalaqebSi Cayenebul jars, Tergis, volgisa da ia-

ickis kazakebi Tavs esxmodnen. amgvarad, did daxmarebas gi-

wevdaT da sxvac mravali daxmareba gauwevia da siyvaruli

da Zmoba gamouxatavs. rodesac Tedore ivanes Ze gardaicva-

la, aleqsandrem Tavisi SvilebiTa da SviliSvilebiT er-

Tgulebis fici misca mefe boriss. amitom iyo, rom mefe bo-

risma monapire qalaqebis voevodebs Samxalsa da yumuxebze

laSqroba ubrZana. mefe borisis braZanebiT aleqsandre Sen-

Tan erTad ibrZoda, maSin rodesac sulTnis brZanebiT Sam-

xali iverias Tavs esxmoda~1.

1615 w. TebervalSi Tergis voevoda p. golovini mefe mi-

xeil Tedores Zes ugzavnis iranidan dabrunebuli pirovnebi-

sagan miRebul informacias, gasul wels Sahis mier saqar-

TveloSi laSqrobis Sesaxeb. es cnobebi, adre ganxiluli

cnobebisagan gansxvavebuli da realobasTan ufro miaxloe-

bulia. p. golovinis `miwerilobaSi~ naTqvamia: rodesac Sah

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы…, dok. # 8, gv. 135-137.

80

abasi didi jariT saqarTveloSi SeiWra, mefis aznaurebma da

xalxma, visac Sahisadmi samsaxuri ar undodaT, Tavi Seafa-

res sxva qarTul saxelmwifos Caris (?)1, romelic mTebis

iqiT, Savi zRvisken mdebareobs,. Sah abasma 200 yizilbaSi ga-

agzavna da Caris mefes devnilebis dabruneba mosTxova, wina-

aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi omis dawyebiT daemuqra. im qarTvelma me-

fem Sahis elCebi daaxocina da Sahs SeuTvala: Tu Cems qveya-

naze saomrad wamoxval, moxaruli viqnebi Sen SegebrZoloo.

iranidan TergSi misulebs isic uTqvamT, sulTanma

Sahs elCi gaugzavna da imis pasuxi mosTxova, ratom SeiWe-

ri Cems kuTvnil qveyanaSi, axla mec Tavs davesxa Cvens saz-

RvrebTan mdebare Sens qalaqebso? Sahma moismina, ra sul-

Tnis SenaTvali, mTeli jariT Tavis qveyanaSi dabrundao2.

iranis xelisufleba cdilobda, daumorCilebeli qar-

TvelebisaTvis yvela gza gadaeketa da maTs mezoblebSi

iseTi ganwyobileba Camoeyalibebina, rom TavSesafari, mo-

kavSire versad eSovaT da samudamod daekargaT winaaRmde-

gobis gawevis unari. amgvar mcdelobas Sah abasis mxridan

vxedavT ruseTTan urTierTobis dros. 1615 wlis 27 oq-

tombers Sah abasi moskovis mefes swerda: `... saqarTvelos

miwa-wyali, ra dasamalia, dasabamidan Cveni, Sahis mosamsaxu-

re da qveSevrdomi iyo. Cven yovelTvis misi mwyalobeli vi-

yaviT da vufrTxildebodiT. marTalia, zogierT iqaur ada-

mianSi cbiereba bevria, magram zogi maTgani gulmarTali da

erTgulia. Tu ise moxdeba, rom raRaca saqmis gamo sasjels

davadebT, Cven gagvijiutdebian da Tqven mxareze gadmovlen,

Sen swored am dros unda gamoavlino Cvendami Zmuri erTgu-

leba da siyvaruli da isini CvenTan daabruno~3.

iranis diplomatia amgvar politikas atarebda sxva

saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobaSic. jer kidev 1614 wlis 4 ag-

vistos voevoda golovini Tergidan moskovSi acnobebda:

1 albaT, baSiaCuki _ imereTi 2 iqve, dok. #9, gv. 137-138. 3 iqve, dok. # 10, gv. 138.

81

`Sah abas yizilbaSeli saqarTvelosa da dadianis miwa-

wylidan gamovida da axla Sav zRvasTan dgas, (man) Turqe-

Tis mefes Tavisi elCi gaugzavna da SeuTvala, rom Turqe-

Tis mefes ebrZanebina misTvis (SahisaTvis _ T. t.) misi qve-

Sevrdomi qarTveli mefeebi: mefe Teimurazi da da simonis

vaJi iuri batoniSvili (igulisxmeba luarsab II _ T. t.) da-

ebrunebina. Tu igi, TurqeTis mefe, maT gadacemas ar brZa-

nebs, maSin Sah abasi TviTon daiWers, cargradSiac rom iy-

vnen isini. TurqeTis mefem ki elCs uTxra: ymebs kudSi ki

ar dasdeven da mefeebi TviTon ki ar darbian maT dasaWera-

do~1. ra Tqma unda, rusul wyaroSi seriozuli uzustobe-

bia, magram maTze yuradRerbas ar gavamaxvileb. amjerad, sa-

interesoa is, rasac Sahi sulTnisagan iTxovda. amgvari pre-

tenzia SeiZleba marTlac hqonoda iranis mTavrobas osma-

leTis mimarT, magram misi damadasturebeli analogiuri xa-

siaTis sxva cnobebi ar gagvaCnia.

* * *

isqander munSi da farsadan gorgijaniZe TiTqmis er-

Tnairad gadmogvcemen luarsab mefis imereTidan qarTlSi

gadmosvlis da Sah abasTan gamocxadebis mizezs. isqander

munSis mixedviT, imereTis mefes da dedofals SahisTvis, mi-

sive elCis xoja mohamed-rezas piriT SeuTvliaT, rom qar-

Tlis samefos is teritoriebi, romlebic imereTs emezob-

leba, maTi Svili aleqsandresaTvis gadaeca. imereTis mefe-

dedoflis survili roca Seityo, Sahs WkuaSi daujda da

Tavisi gadawyvetilebis Sesatyobineblad luarsabs iayub-

xan-beg yaramanlu gaugzavna. SeSfoTebuli mefe luarsabi

qarTlSi gadmovida2.

farsadan gorgijaniZec luarsabis imereTidan gad-

mosvlis mizezad samefos dakargvis SiSs asaxelebs, magram

1 tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 25. 2 isqander munSi, gv. 90-91.

82

am intrigis mowyobas Sah abass miawers: `ra es ambavi (imere-

Tis mefis mier Teimurazisa da luarsabis SahisaTvis gada-

cemaze _e.m.) yaens mouvida, mefes lvarsabs disagan saficri-

sa da mosandos wignebi gaugzavna, saru xojas ÃeliTa ime-

reTs gagzavna da erTi wigni mefes giorgis miswera... Tqveni

Svili aleqsandre gamogvigzvneTo, qarTlis mefobas mivcem-

To da asre daabara _ es wignebio malviT mefes luarsabs

aCveneTo; Tu wamosvla moindomoso, im wigns giorgi mefes

nuRar aCvenebo~. mefe luarsabi SeSfoTda, rodesac saru xo-

jam Tavisi dis werilebi da Sahis mier mefe giorgisTvis ga-

dasacemi werili uCvena. saru xojam mefes isic uTxra, rom

am werilis Sinaars rom gaigebs giorgi mefe Segipyrobs da

Sens Tavs ufliswul aleqsandres gaatanso, magram osmaleT-

Si gaqcevas Tu gadawyvet mec Tan wagyvebio. luarsabi mien-

do saru xojas `gulwrfel~ sityvebs da uvneblobis fici

iTxova. farsadan gorgijaniZe ambobs: `lvarsab mefe saru

xojisgan motyuebuli Seiqna da wavida yaensTan~1.

qarTuli saistorio literatura luarsabis SahTan mis-

vlis gansxvavebul versias gvTavazobs. beri egnataSviliT,

rodesac Sahma gorSi imereTis mefis uaryofiTi pasuxi miiRo

mefeebis gacemis Sesaxeb, amis Semdeg man veragobas mimarTa.

imereTis mefis warmogzavnilebs uTxra, me luarsabs ar vem-

duri, Teimurazia Cemi mteri. Tu mova wyalobas vuzamo. amis

Semdeg moixmo Sadiman sufraji, luarsabis gamzrdeli da ti-

riliT uTxra: me mefe svimonis SviliSvils rogor wavaxden,

is Teimurazma Seacdina. Sahma `misca fici saSineli da safi-

cari da itira bevri~. Sadimanma daijera Sahis sityvebi, ro-

melmac Tavisi erTguli kaci xoja gaayola. `ra mividnen ese-

ni mefesa luarsabsa Tana da giorgi imereTis mpyrobelTana,

moaxsenes ambavi ese, yaenisagan danabarebi, da auwyes yovelive.

da Sadiman saficari aCuena, da xojaman Ãrmali miarTua, da

miarTves dis misisagan miwerili wigni, maSinRa daajera guli

mefeman luarsab da aemzada wamosasvlelad~.

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 230.

83

giorgi mefem luarsabis ganzraxvis Sesaxeb, maSinve

Seatyobina dadiansa da guriels, romlebic movidnen da Te-

imurazTan erTad luarsabs Seexvewnen: `rom yizilbaST mra-

vali tyuili iciano da daundobarni kacni ariano, arc Sen

dagindobeno, nu waxvalo~. magram mefe luarsabma ar Seismi-

na `da movida Saabaz yaenTana gors~1.

r. burWulaZes luarsab II-is Sah abasTan gadmosvlis

mizezad, àrCilianze~ dayrdnobiT, imereTis samefo karze

yizilbaSTa diplomatiuri demarSi ki ar miaCnia, aramed me-

fe giorgis mier samefo eTiketis darRveva2, rac saintere-

sod da sayuradRebod meCveneba.

* * *

Sah abasma, aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi mdgomareobis

garTulebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, sxvadasxva RonisZiebe-

bi gaatara. miuxedavad amisa, cnobili gaxda Tu ara osmale-

Tis jaris iranis sazRvrebTan misvlis Sesaxeb, maSinve sa-

qarTvelosa da SirvanSi `yvelgan SfoTi daiwyo. yvela xal-

xis meamboxeebma damoukidebloba da urCoba moindomes da

isini gaxdnen muslimanebis keTildReobis damangrevelni...~3

qarTveli politikosebisa da diplomatebis mTavari sazruna-

vi iran-osmaleTis stambolis sazavo xelSekrulebis CaSla

da saomari moqmedebis ganaxleba iyo.

isqander munSi, albaT, Sahis karze arsebuli azris

mixedviT, iranis winaaRmdeg omis wamowyebis iniciatorebad

qarTvel mefeebs _ luarsabsa da Teimurazs asaxelebs. ama-

Ti waqezebiT sulTanma `zavi da piroba daSlisa da daviw-

yebis TaxCaze Sesdo~.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 393-394. igive, mciredi SemoklebiT ix.

vaxuSti batoniSvilTan. qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 425-426. 2 burWulaZe r., politika da samefo eTiketi, epizodi XVII sauku-

nis saqarTvelos cxovrebidan. àxloaRmosavluri krebuli~, Tb.,

1983, gv. 157-164. 3 tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv. 95-96.

84

rogorc iTqva, 1612 wlis zaviT, marTalia, gamarjvebu-

li irani darCa, magram osmaleTis xelisuflebis gagebiT,

es droebiTi movlena iyo. Sah abasis mier aRmosavleT ami-

erkavkasiaSi 1614-1615 wlebSi warmoebuli samxedro operaci-

ebi, bunebrivia, mas mxedvelobis miRma ar darCenia. swored

aRniSnul periodSi sulTanma araerTxel mosTxova Sahs da-

ebrunebina misTvis Semaxa, derbenti, ganja da sxva adgile-

bi. amasTan erTad, sulTnis elCebi gadaWriT moiTxovdnen

ganmartebas Tu ratom dalaSqra iranma saqarTvelo, maSin

rodesac igi osmaleTis moxarkea, xolo yumuxeli mflobe-

lebi Cems samsaxurSi imyofebiano1. osmaleTi aseTsave pre-

tenzias ayenebda yabardoze. osmaleTis pretenziebi zemoaR-

niSnul teritoriebze, iranisagan sifrTxiles moiTxovda.

politikur asparezze imyofeboda ruseTic, romelic da-

ufarav interess amJRavnebda samxreT kavkasiisadmi. iranis

Tavdasxmis Tavidan asacileblad Crdilo kavkasielebmac mas

mimarTes. 1616 wels Terg-qalaqis sardlis priklonskis mier

mefisaTvis gagzavnili werilidan vigebT, rom yabardo-daRes-

tnis mmarTvelebs mixeil Tedoris ZisTvis daxmareba uiTxovi-

aT. mefem maTi Txovna Seismina, iranSi elCi gagzavna da Sahi-

saTvis yabardo-daRestanze laSqrobis gauqmeba mosTxova2.

àseT saerTo viTarebaSi Sahs ar SeiZleboda angariSi ar gae-

wia ruseTisaTvis miT ufro, rom qarTl-kaxeTis Tavdadebuli

brZolis pirobebSi misi `Txovna~ kargi gamosavali iqneboda,

ramdenadac mas yabardo-daRestanze laSqroba aRar SeeZlo

da misi moSla amiT gamarTldeboda, xolo meore mxriv ki

TviT, ruseTs daumtkicebda Tavis `Zmobasa da megobrobas~.

sxvaTa Soris, Sahma aoxrebuli saqarTvelodan wasvlac ruse-

Tisadmi am `Zmobisa da megobrobis niSnad gaasaRa~3.

iranis ukan daxevam yabardo-daRestnis sakiTxSi, bu-

1 Веселовский Н. И., Памятники… II, c. 330-334. 2 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы,… док. №2, с. 31. 3 bocvaZe T., saqarTvelo-daRestnis urTierTobis istoriidan (XV-

XVIII ss.), Tb., 1968, gv. 75.

85

nebrivia, kavkasiaSi ruseTis avtoritetis zrda gamoiwvia.

1616 wlis TebervalSi Teimuraz mefem Tergis sardals

priklonskis da Tavad mundaris werili gaugzavna, romel-

Sic aRwerda Sahis mier mis samefoSi Cadenil sisastikes da

imave dros adresats Seaxsenebda, rom ìgi moskovis Zvel

xelmwifeTa da aseve axali mixeil Tedoris Zis msaxuria~1.

ra Tqma unda, Teimurazis azriT, romelsac is pirdapir ar

ambobda, magram adresatisTvis gasagebi unda yofiliyo, rom

`msaxurisadmi~ daxmareba patronis valia.

priklonskim, rogorc Cans, Teimurazis werili ruse-

Tis samefo karamde miitana da mas gamoxmaurebac mohyva:

ruseTidan TeimurazTan weriliT kaci gagzavnes, magram we-

rilma mefemde ver miaRwia Sah abasis saqarTveloSi meored

laSqrobis gamo2. Teimuraz mefem Tavisi elCi xaritoni 1615-1616 wlebSi

orjer gagzavna osmaleTsa da yirimis saxanoSi da iranis

winaaRmdeg daxmareba iTxova. sulTanma qarTveli elCi kar-

gad miiRo da dapirda, rom yirimis xanis laSqari yabardo-

daRestanze gavliT wavidoda qarTvelebis dasaxmareblad3.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT XVII s. pirvel naxevarSi ruse-

Tis saSinao da sagareo mdgomareobas (XVII s. 10-ian wlebSi

glexTa ajanyebebi, `didi Sinauruli areuloba~, reC pospo-

lita-Sveciis intervencia 1606-1618 wlebSi), maSin gasagebi

gaxdeba, rom igi iZulebulia angariSi gauwios kavkasiis mi-

marT iranisa da osmalTis gansakuTrebul interess, rode-

sac ruseTi gaWirvebiT cdilobs daikavos adgili am regi-

onSi batonobisaTvis did politikur TamaSSi. igi Tavs ari-

debs dasaxelebul or Zlier axloaRmosavlur saxelmwi-

1 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы, с. 32. T. tivaZe iziarebs n. berZeniSvi-

lis varauds, rom qarTvelma mefeebma _ Teimurazma da giorgim,

guriis mTavarma mamiam erToblivad gaagzavnes werilebi moskovSi.

tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 38-39. 2 Там же, с. 33. 3 Кабардино-русские отношения в XVI-XVIII вв. Документы и материалы в 2-х томах., т. I, М., 1957, док. №58, с. 91-92.

86

fosTan seriozul Seejaxebas. mas ar SeuZlia aqtiurad

imoqmedos saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri problemebis

Tavis sasargeblod gadasawyvetad. saqarTvelos sakiTxze

ruseTisaTvis xelCasakidi islamis qveynebTan diplomatiu-

ri urTierTobis dros, qarTvelebis qristianoba iyo, rac

mas moralur uflebas aZlevda, erTmorwmuneTa damcvelis

rolSi gamosuliyo. amdenad, mocemul etapze, ruseTs qarT-

velebisaTvis mxolod dapirebebis micema SeeZlo da, xel-

sayrel dromde, moTminebisa da mezoblebTan urTierTobis

mogvrebisaken mouwodebda. saqarTvelos mezobeli osmale-

Ti da irani ki, bunebrivia, SeSfoTebuli iyvnen imiT, rom

saqarTvelos da ruseTis daaxloebis mniSvnelovani piroba

(erTmorwmuneoba) marTlac arsebobda. magram es momavlis

saqme iyo. aRniSnul periodSi ruseTs arc SeZleba da arc

survili hqonda saqarTvelos daxmareboda. amis mizezi ru-

seT-irans Soris kargi urTierToba iyo, kerZod, urTier-

Tgageba Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebisadmi damokidebulebaSi,

momgebiani vaWroba da sxv. rusma politikosebma mSvenivrad

icodnen iranis ekonomikuri da samxedro SesaZleblobebi.

ruseTs ar SeeZlo iranTan samxedro dapirispireba. amde-

nad, arasworad mimaCnia imis mtkiceba, TiTqos `ruseTs

garkveuli safuZveli hqonda saqarTvelosadmi daxmarebisa-

gan Tavi Seekavebina~1. ruseTi Tavs mxolod imotom ìkaveb-

da~, rom mas xvagvarad moqmedeba ar SeeZlo.

marTalia, imgvari antiiranuli koaliciis Camoyalibe-

bis Sesaxeb, zemoT rom iTqva, pirdapiri cnobebi ar gag-

vaCnia, magram faqtia, rom rodesac 1615 wlis maisSi os-

malTa jari iranis sazRvrebisaken wavida, Teimuraz I imere-

Tis, guriisa da samegrelos jarebiT kaxeTisaken daiZra.

Teimurazs, Cans, kavSiri hqonda antisparsulad ganwyobil

kaxelebTan da SirvanelebTan. isini ajanyebisaTvis emzade-

bodnen. 1615 wlis 15 maiss kaxeTSi nodar jorjaZisa da da-

1 bocvaZe T., Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebi saqarTvelos sagareo po-

litikaSi (XV-XVIII ss.) Tb., 1990, gv. 103.

87

viT jandieris meTaurobiT ajanyeba daiwyo. `garna Semdgo-

mad samisa TTÂsa waruvlines nodar da daviT batons Teimu-

razs kaci da miuTxres: `moved da epatrone kaxeTs sabato-

nosa Sensa~1. Teimurazi kaxeTisken wavida. vaxuSti batoniS-

vilis mixedviT, igi imereTis mefe giorgi III-m, levan dadi-

anma da mamia gurielma aragvamde miaciles, sadac kaxelebi

`sruliad~ Seegebnen. dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi

ukan gabrundnen. `Teimuraz daipyra kualad kaxeTi~2.

ajanyebulebma Tavdapirvelad warmateba moipoves. Tei-

murazma areSic aiRo, Saqis mmarTveli mokla da yizilbaSe-

bi amowyvita. aqedan is daukavSirda daRestnel mTavrebs da

iranis winaaRmdeg mokavSireoba SesTavaza. magram mTavari

Zala _ osmaleTi iranTan omis dawyebas ar Cqarobda. marTa-

lia, 1616 wlis aprilSi man samxedro moqmedeba daiwyo, mag-

ram raime mniSvnelovani Sedegis gareSe, kvlav daido zavi

iransa da osmaleTs Soris, romliTac SenarCunebuliqna

1612 wlis mdgomareoba.

es zavi didi dartyma iyo iranis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli

Teimurazisa da misi mokavSireebisaTvis. Sah abasi osmaleT-

Tan omis Sewyvetis Semdeg, 1616 wlis gazafxulze, xelaxla

saqarTvelos ganadgurebas Seudga.

ra Tqma unda, Sefasebuli unda iqnas qarTvelma poli-

tikosebma da diplomatebma ramdenad sworad SeimuSaves moq-

medebis gegma: sworad gaTvales Tu ara TavianTi da mowina-

aRmdegis SesaZleblobebi, rogor miiyvanes isini potenciur

mokavSireebamde da daarwmunes Tu ara dasaxuli miznis gan-

xorcielebis aucileblobaSi? TviTon Tu iyvnen darwmune-

bulni, rom koaliciis mTavari Zala _ osmaleTi bolomde

angariSs gauwevda mokavSireebis interesebs?

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTvelma politi-

kosebma sworad ver gaTvales ZalTa cvlileba da ganlage-

ba axlo aRmosavleTSi, sworad ver Seafases iranis SesaZ-

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 587. 2 iqve, gv. 587-588.

88

leblobebi. Sah abasis irani is saxelmwifo aRar iyo, ro-

melsac osmaleTi, tradiciulad, aTwleulebis ganmavloba-

Si, TiTqmis yovelTvis jabnida brZolis velze. osmaleTis

imperia dasustebis gzaze iyo. irani osmaleTis interesebs

kavkasiaSi angariSs rom aRar uwevda maSinac gamoCnda, ro-

ca Sahma sulTans Teimurazis gadacema mosTxova da iqve

daemuqra, Tu mis am moTxovnas ar daakmayofilebda, maSin

or qveyanas Soris mSvidoba da megobroba arasodes damyar-

deboda1. osmaleTis mimarT mkacri gancxadeba-moTxovnis mi-

uxedavad, Sahs osmaleTis imperiasTan didi omi ar awyobda.

iranisa da osmaleTis jarebi erTmanTis pirispir id-

ga. `Teimurazi varaudobda, rom osmaleTis laSqari, rome-

lic ganlagebuli iyo alepos midamoebSi, 1616 wlis gazaf-

xulidan Setevas daiwyebda iranis winaaRmdeg da mniSvne-

lovnad Seaviwroebda iranelebs. es ki sagrZnoblad gaaum-

jobesebda kaxeTis mdgomareobas da qarTvelebs saSualebas

miscemda daecvaT Tavi Sahis agresiisagan. magram Teimura-

zis imedebi ar gamarTlda~2. didma vazirma mehmed faSam

warmatebas ver miaRwia da 1616 wels Sah abass dauzavda. ga-

formda xelSekruleba 1612 wlis stambolis zavis pirobe-

bis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb.

qarTveli xalxis Tavdadebam sasurveli Sedegi ver ga-

moiRo. Sahma kaxeTis ajanyeba Caaqro, mTeli aRmosavleT sa-

qarTvelo sastikad gaanadgura. mtris warmatebis mizezi

mxolod misi mravalricxovneba ar iyo. didi roli Seasru-

la sagareo da saSinao garTulebebma, gansakuTrebiT ki am

ukanasknelma. mravalma kaxelma didebulma yizilbaSebTan

brZolaze uari sTqva da Sahs danebda. `maSin kaxTa mgone-

belTa, viTarca uyoT winare Saabaz uvnebloba da boZni,

misTÂs arca aw inebes brZola da magreba. amiT uRonod iqmna

1 Веселовский Н. И., Памятники дипломатических и торговых сношений России с Персией, III, Петербург, 1898, c. 352. 2 svaniZe m., dasax. naSr., gv. 270.

89

Teimuraz, warvida imereTsave, garna ganhyvnen mravalni didni

da mcireni dedawuliTurT~1.

rogorc iTqva, Teimurazma kvlav Tavi gaarida gaaf-

Trebul yizilbaSebs da imereTSi gadavida.

ruseTis xelmwife am periodSi SahisaTvis, an iranSi

Tavisi diplomatebisaTvis gagzavnil werilebSi, romlebic

imave dros am ukanasknelTaTvis saxelmZRvanelosac warmo-

adgenda, mxolod gancxadebebiTa da saqarTvelo-ruseTis

urTierTobaze istoriuli eqskursebiT Semoifargleboda.

ruseTis xelmwife, iseve rogorc XVI s. 80-90-ian wlebSi,

sulTans umtkicebda Tavis uflebas saqarTveloze, axlac

igives cdilobda SahTan molaparakebis dros. ruseTis xe-

lisuflebis amgvari damokidebuleba saqarTvelos sakiTxi-

sadmi da isic, rom irani pativs unda scemdes da angariSs

uwevdes ruseTis interess saqarTvelos mimarT da maT er-

Toblivad unda daicvan Tavi osmaleTisagan, naTlad aisaxa

or rusul dokumentSi. erTi aris moskovSi, saelCo prikaz-

Si, Sah abasis diplomatiur SikrikTan (dabali rangis dip-

lomatiuri warmomadgeneli) xoza murTazasTan molaparake-

bis angariSi (dro pirobiTia. Cawerili unda iyos 1616 w. 10

ivlisamde), meore ki, xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zis werili

mefis despan i. f. leontievTan.

xoza murTazas saelCo prikazSi ganucxades, rom xel-

mwifem Tergis voevoda golovinisagan Seityo Sah abasis mier

iveriis qveynis aklebisa da mefe Teimurazis gaZevebis Sesa-

xeb. Sah abasma icis, rom iveria da misi Tavadebi odiTganve

ruseTis xeldebulni arian. amis Semdeg Sahis diplomatiur

Sikriks Seaxsenes vis dros da rogor miiRes iverielebma

ruseTis mfarveloba, ra saqmianobas eweoda ruseTis xeli-

sufleba iveriis Crdilo kavkasielebisagan dasacavad da,

rom es RonisZiebebi iranis interesebsac miesadageboda. ru-

seTis moqmedebis Sedegad, osmalebs eketebodaT derbentTan

damakavSirebeli gza. amitom iyo, rom roca `Cvenma didma

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 588.

90

xelmwife mefem da sruliad ruseTis TviTmpyrobelma didma

mTavarma gaigo Tqveni didi xelmwife Sah abasis moqmedebis

Sesaxeb, gaukvirda, rom man, Cvenma Zmam didma xelmwifem

(abasma _e.m.), ar acnoba Cvens did xelmwifes, rom didi xel-

mwifis qveSevrdomi iveriis miwa-wylis ganadgureba brZana da

Cveni didi xelmwifis mudmivi ymebs yabardoel Cerqezebs

Tqveni didi xelmwifis jari eomeboda. Tqven did xelmwifes

ar ekadreba ase moqceva, rom ar gaagebina Cvens did xelmwi-

fes ganadgureba saqarTvelosi, iq sadac RvTis wminda ekle-

siebi iyo cixeebi Cadga. ar ekadreba, rom yabardosa da yumu-

xebis miwa-wyalze jari gagzavna... yizilbaSma Sikrikma upasu-

xa: saqarTvelo Sahma imitom daipyro, rom igi Turqebs miem-

xro, mas ganudga da (sulTans _e.m.) epatiJeba. axla didi

xelmwife mefe da sruliad ruseTis didi mTavari mixeil

Tedores Ze saqarTvelos miwa-wyals TavisTvis iTxovs, xo-

lo TurqeTis mefe swers, rom saqarTvelo misia~1.

1616 w. dasawyisSi ruseTis despans f. i. leontievs ga-

egzavna `darigeba~ imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda waremarTa

molaparakeba SahTan saqarTvelos sakiTxze. `darigebis~

udidesi nawili Sedgeba imis dasabuTebisagan, ratom aqvs

ruseTs politikuri da moraluri ufleba SahTan molapara-

kebis dros, iyos saqarTvelos damcveli, ramdeni ram gauke-

Tebia misTvis da a. S. `gardaicvala Tu ara mefe borisi,

reC pospolitis mefis waqezebiT moskovis saxelmwifoSi

daiwyo areuloba da xalxis dapirispireba. yumuxebi Seu-

Tamxmdnen Turqebs, romlebic maSin yumuxebis qveyanaSi iy-

vnen, Cvens did saxelmwifos esxmodnen da orive mxridan

bevri sisxli daiRvara. yvelaferi iverTa qveynis gamo mox-

da. axla ki didi xelmwife Sah abasis didebuleba SeiWra

iverTa qveyanaSi, daipyro da gaanadgura, mefe Teimurazi sa-

qarTvelodan gaaZeva, iq sadac Cveni marTlmadidebluri

rwmenis monastrebi da eklesiebi iyo, sadac uflis saxels

adidebdnen, Sah abasis didebulebam cixeebis Cadgma brZana~.

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы,… dok. #13, gv. 142-144.

91

Semdeg naTqvamia, rom Tu saqarTvelos mefesa da Sahs So-

ris raime gaugebroba iyo Sahs ruseTis xelmwifesTvis unda

gaegebinebina. iqve f. leontievis afrTxileben, rom is uf-

lebamosili ar aris raime molaparakeba awarmoos. aseTi

molaparakeba maSin Sedgeba, roca `didi~ elCebi, orive

mxridan. erTmaneTs Sexvdebian. mxolod amis Semdeg xelmwi-

feebi gaaformeben xelSekrulebas iverTa qveyanis Sesaxeb1.

Teimurazis meTaurobiT kaxeTsa da aRmosavleT amier-

kavkasiaSi momxdari ajanyebis Sesaxeb, zogierT cnobas

vxvdebiT 1616 w ivnisSi moskovis saelCo prikazSi dakiTxu-

li Ddiplomatiuri Sikrikis g. Saxmatovis da Tarjiman er-

molkis saqarTvelos ambebis monaTxrobSi. maT sTqves, rom

maTi iranSi yofnisas, SahTan imyofebodnen sulTnis diplo-

matiuri Sikriki, safrangeTis mefis despani, yirimis saxanos

ufliswuli da qarTveli ufliswuli luarsabi (leverxani),

rom kaxeTsa da aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi antiiranuli

ajanyebis dros Teimurazma Sahis mier Cadgmuli cixeebi dai-

kava, Sig Cayenebuli mecixovneebi gawyvita da Zveleburad sa-

qarTvelo mis xelSia. Sahma axali jari gagzavna 12 aTasi ka-

cis odenobiT, romelic Teimurazma daamarcxa da yizilba-

Sebma gaqceviT uSveles Tavs.

Saxmatovma da ermolkma ardebilSi gaiges, rom Sahs

ganzraxuli aqvs piradad wavides Teimurazis winaaRmdeg,

magram ver sTqves ramdenad Seefereba es sinamdviles. maT

isic gaiges, rom Semaxasa da derbentSi Tavdacvas aZliere-

ben da sursaT-sanovages imarageben, radgan Teimurazis Tav-

dasxmas elodebian, Tanac amboben, rom oRondac Sahi nu mo-

va da Teimurazisagan Tavs Cven TviTon davicavTo. areSi

Teimurazma aiRo da Sahis xalxi erTianad amowyvita. aamJa-

mad Teimurazi saqarTveloSi Tavis qalaq zagemSi imyofeba2.

ruseTis xelisufleba xedavda, rom misi diplomatiuri

aqtiurobis miuxedavad, Sah abasis pozicia saqarTvelosadmi

1 iqve, dok. #11, gv. 138-141 2 iqve, dok. #12, gv. 141.

92

sasikeToT ki ar icvleboda, aramed ufro mkacrdeboda. Ta-

vis mxriv Teimurazic ruseTis mTavrobis gaaqtiurebas cdi-

lobda da, rogorc Cans, mixeil Tedores Zes werilebs ug-

zavnida. ruseTis urTierTobas iranTan saqarTvelos sakiT-

xis gamo da Teimurazis mier ruseTis mefesTan werilis gag-

zavnis Sesaxeb, vigebT mefe mixeil Tedores Zis 1616 w. 22

marts, iranSi, Tavis elC Tedore leontivisa da diak bogdan

timofeevisaTvis 27 ivniss gagzavnili werilebidan. mixeil

Tedores Ze iranSi Tavis warmomadgenlebs werda: `gasul 123

(1615 _ T. t.) wels SahTan gaigzavna Cveni diplomatiuri Sik-

rikis grigol Saxmatovis xeliT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb weri-

li imis Taobaze, rom Sahma aramegobruli saqcieli Caidina:

CvenTan, did xelmwifesTan, SeuTanxmeblad Cveni qveSevrdomi

saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze SeiWra, daipyro da misi ganadgure-

ba brZana, Teimuraz mefe saqarTvelodan gandevna da sadac

ki Cveni qristianuli sarwmunoebis eklesia-monasteri iyo,

romlebSic RvTis sagalobels swiravdnen, iq Tavisi qalaqe-

bi aaSena. Sah abasi CvenTan, did xelmwifesTan, nu iqneba cud

ganwyobaSi, iveriis miwa-wylidan Tavisi xalxis gayvana brZa-

nos. ama wlis 15 ivniss grigol Saxmatovi CvenTan dabrunda

da Cveni werilis sapasuxod Sahis werili Camoitana, romel-

Sic Sahi gvwerda, rom saqarTvelos miwa-wyali dasabamidan

iranis qveSevrdomi da msaxuri iyo da yovelTvis iranis mi-

wa-wylis xelmwifeni swyalobdnen da mfarvelobdnen mas. ami-

tom Tu Sahs maTTan raime saqme eqneba da misi SiSiT qarTve-

lebi Cvens saxelmwifoSi movlen, Cven isini ukan unda gavug-

zavnoT. imave Tvis, ivnisis 15-Si Tergis voevoda petre pri-

kolskim mogvwera da werilic gamogvigzavna qarTvelTa qvey-

nis mefis Teimurazisa, romelic Sahma saqarTvelos miwa-

wylidan gaaZeva. Teimurazi CvenTvis gamogzavnil Tavis we-

rilSi swers, rom amJamad RvTis wyalobiT, Cveni mefuri bed-

nierebisaTvis Tavis saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze SeiaraRebuli

xalxiT dabrunda da yizilbaSebi gaaZeva. amis Semdeg misi

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg wamovida mravali mefe, ufliswuli

da Sahis voevoda mravalricxovani jariT. roca man amis Se-

saxeb gaigo, maT winaaRmdeg wavida da RvTis wyalobiT da

93

Cveni mefuri bednierebisaTvis isini daamarcxa, vinc gadarCa

Tbiliss Seafara Tavi. mas xelSi Cauvarda didZali oqro,

vercxli, saWurveli da karvebi, auracxeli cxenebi da aqle-

mebi1. (Teimurazs unda_e.m.) iyves Cveni mefuri mowyalebis

qveS, iseve, rogorc iyvnen adrindeli (rusi_e.m.) mefeebis

mowyalebis qveS misi papa aleqsandre Tavisi SvilebiT da

mas icavdnen Turqebisa da sxva misi mtrebisagan, rom mivwe-

roT Sahs, raTa Cveni, didi xelmwifis (qveSevrdomobis _e.m.)

gamo devnasa da Tavdasxmas ar ganicdides. rom Cven Sahs we-

rili gavugzavnoT. Cveni werili (SahisTvis gagzavnili _e.m.)

sistyva-sityviT gegzavnebaT am werilTan erTad. roca es Cve-

ni werili mogivaT, da roca Tqven SahTan iqnebiT, es werili

Cvens adrindel werilTan erTad Sahs gadaeciT... roca Sahi

da misi axlobeli adamianebi saqarTveloze laparaks dagiw-

yeben, ilaparakeT ise, rogorc nabrZanebi gaqvT, rogorc

Cvens brZanebaSi weria saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. SesabamisobaSi

moiyvaneT Cvens im werilTan, romelic Sahs mivwereT, adgi-

lobrivi mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogorc Cvens mefu-

ri saxelis Rirsebis da misi amaRlebisaTvis, aseve Cveni sa-

xelmwifos Sematebisa da gavrcobisaTvis iqneba ukeTesi~2.

marcxma saSinlad ganarisxa Sah abasi da 1616 wlis ad-

rian gazafxulze uzarmazari laSqriT saqarTvelosken wa-

movida. `xolo Semovlo kaxeTi da movida qarTls da dasua

mun qarTlSi batonad Zmiswuli mefis sÂmonisa bagrat... ka-

xis batonis guaris qalisagan~3. Aamis Semdeg Sahi kaxeTSi

1 qarTvelTa es brwyinvale gamarjveba Teimuraz mefis meTaurobiT,

sakmaod dawvrilebiT aRwera isqander munSim. gv. 98-100. vaxuSti ba-

toniSvili ki gadmogvcems: `scna Teimuraz moslva ali-yulixanisa

aragusa zeda, Semoikribna spani da daesxa SuadRe wiwamurs zeiT

da ZlieriTa brZoliTa ivltodnen yizilbaSni da mosrvidnen kaxni,

rameTu mciredniRa gardaexvewnen da aRiRo alafi da saWurveli da

saWurWle maTi Teimuraz~. qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 588. 2 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, dok. #12, gvv. 141. 3 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 400. bagrati svimon I-is Zmis daud-xanis

vaJi iyo.

94

SeiWra da mis ganadgurebas Seudga. Teimuraz mefe kvlav

imereTSi gadavida.

ruseTis xelisufleba SeaSfoTa im cnobam, rom yumux-

elebi SeSinebulebi iyvnen gavrcelebuli xmiT, Sah abasi

tarkusa da enderSi simagreebis Cadgmas apirebso1. magram

gansakuTrebiT arasasiamovno iyo 1617 wlis 2 Tebervals

Tergidan miRebuli is cnoba, romelic Semaxel vaWars qe-

mals miutania: Sah abasma ekonomikuri brZola gamoucxada

ruseTs, saqarTvelosa da avarebs. kerZod man brZana: Tavis

samflobeloebis yvela qalaqSi gamoecxadebinaT, rom vaWre-

bi aranairi saqonliT ar wasuliyvnen dasaxelebul sam qve-

yanaSi. Sahis brZaneba Tu marTali gamodgeboda, maSin seri-

zulad dazaraldeboda ruseTis qalaqebis vaWroba.

imave qemalis naTqvamidan gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo

iyo Teimuraz I-is osmaleTTan daaxloebis Sesaxeb. magram is

rac am daaxloebis dasasabuTeblad iyo moyvanili, sinamdvi-

les ar Seefereboda. kerZod, qarTvel mefes Sahis winaaR-

mdeg saomrad TiTqos sulTinasaTvis 40 aTasi mebrZoli uT-

xovia. iqve xazgasmuli iyo iranisaTvis saqarTvelos gansa-

kuTrebul mniSvnelobasa da amis gamo Sahis cbierebazec. qe-

malis naTqvamis mixedviT movlenebi ganviTarda Semdegnai-

rad: osmaleTis sulTanma qarTvel mefes, misive TxovniT,

ormoci aTasi molaSqre misca. sandar faSa ki danarCeni

xalxiT diarbeqirSi wavida. Sah abasma Teimurazs SeuTvala,

SevrigdeTo. Teimurazma daujera Sahs da dazavebis imediT

osmalTa sulTans misi laSqari daubruna, TviTon ki, svimo-

nis qveyanis romeliRac simagreebSi qalaq ostasoveSi (?)

cxovrobda. roca Sah abasma gaigo qarTvelTa mefe Teimuraz-

ma TurqTa jari gauSvao, mas Tavisi elCi gaugzavna, romel-

sac gaayola ruseTis elCis, leontievis, kacic2.

qemalis monaTxrobidan ise gamodis, rom Sah abasi Te-

imurazze gavlenis mosaxdenad ruseTis xelmwifis avtore-

1 tivaZe T, Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 30. 2 iqve, gv. 30-31.

95

tetis gamoyenebasac cdilobda, romelsac, Sahis azriT, Te-

imuraz mefe angariSs gauwevda.

qemalis yvela cnoba eWvs iwvevs, magram maTi gadamow-

mebis saSualeba ara gvaqvs. mxolod erTi rame cxadia: am

dros iwyeba Teimurazis osmaleTTan daaxloeba, razec qve-

moT vrclad iTqmeva. amjerad ki SeiZleba is aRiniSnos,

rom Teimurazma sulTan ahmed I-s (1603-1617) marTlac sTxova

jari yizilbaSebTan sabrZolvelad. qemalis naTqvams adas-

turebs Teimuraz mefis elCi moskovSi arqiepiskoposi Teo-

dose mangleli. man saelCo prikazis mweral a. Saxovsa da

Tarjiman s. kamenevs berZnulad mokled mouTxro Teimura-

zis cxovrebis bolo periodze, Sah abasis saqarTveloSi

laSqrobebis dawyebidan 1623 wlamde. Teodosem sTqva: Sah

abasma roca Teimurazi gaaZeva, man osmaleTis sulTan ah-

medTan arqiepiskoposi Teodose gagzavna, romelmac sTxova,

rom kaxeTis mefe Sahisagan daecva da igi misTvis ar gadae-

ca. Teimurazma jaric iTxova. sulTanma Teodose kargad mi-

iRo, Teimurazis dasaxmareblad ki sami faSa 300 aTasiani1

jariT gagzavna. Sahi im dros TavrizSi imyofeboda da, ro-

ca osmalTa jaris wamosvla gaigo, ardebilSi gaiqca. sul-

Tan ahmeds saqarTvelos sazRvris maxloblad Teimurazi-

saTvis miucia qalaqebi _ olTisi, namurdani (namurakiani?)

da artaani TavianTi dabebiTa da soflebiTurT2.

axlad gamefebulma sulTanma osman II-m (1618-1622) Tei-

muraz mefe TavisTan daibara. sulTanma Teimurazi kon-

stantinopolSi Rirseulad miiRo da meoTxe qalaqi, karai-

sari gadasca3.

ruseTis samefo kari da diplomatebi qarTvelebis

TvalSi avtoritetis SenarCunebas cdilobdnen. isini kvlav

da kvlav Sahis warmomadgenlebs umeorebdnen saqarTveloze

1 osmalTa jaris es raodenoba daasaxela Semaxelma qemalmac. iqve

gv. 30. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы… c. 64. 3 Там же, с. 65.

96

TavianTi uflebis Sesaxeb. 1617 wlis 18 noembridan 1618 wlis

24 maisamde moskovSi, saelCo prikazSi, rus da iranel dip-

lomatebs Soris molaparakeba mimdinareobda. ganxilvis erT-

erTi mniSvnelovani sagani Sah abasis saqarTvelos mimarT

pretenziebi iyo. molaparakebis dros, rogorc winaT, ise ax-

lac rusuli mxare erTsa da igives imeorebda, rom saqarTve-

lo misi qveSevrdomia da iwyebdnen imis moyolas, rogor mii-

Res qarTvelma mefe aleqsandre II-m da misma memkvidreebma

rusTa xelmwifisadmi erTgulebis fici. rogorc Cans, moTmi-

neba dakargulma iranis elCma ganacxada: `man (elCma _e.m.)

arc qarTuli sigelis Sesaxeb da arc imis Sesaxeb icis mas-

Si ra weria. Sahma ar icoda qarTvelTa miwa-wyali rom mefis

udidebulesobis qveSevrdomi iyo. axla rac man (elCma _e.m.)

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gaigo, Sahs acnobebs~. rusma diplom-

tebma Sahis elCis es naTqvami ar miiRes da misi gabaTilebis

mizniT maSinve ganacxades: `rogor Tu Sahma ar icoda sa-

qarTvelos miwa-wyali rom mefis didebulebas emsaxureboda.

Sahi ar iyo, xelmwife mefes da sruliad ruseTis did mTa-

vars Tedore ivanes Zes rom swerda, mefis didebulebas qar-

Tveli aleqsandresaTvis miewera, raTa igi masTan erTad yo-

filiyo sulTnis winaaRmdeg, Sahis aseTi werilebi amJamadac

mefis udidebulesobis xazinaSi inaxeba~.

rusma diplomatebma, Semdegi molaparakebis dros, Sa-

his elCebs qarTveli mefeebis rusTa xelmwifeebisadmi qve-

Sevrdomobis ficis sigeli aCvenes. amis Semdeg maT ufro

dabejiTebiT moiTxoves, rom Sahi, Cveni xelmwifisadmi mego-

brobisa da siyvarulisaTvis, saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze

aRar SeiWres, aRar gaanadguros da elCma bulat begma amis

Sesaxeb Sahs acnoboso. elCma piroba dasdo, rom yvelafers

acnobebs Sahs da kargi iqneba Tu amis saTqmelad rusi xel-

mwifis elCebic wavlen SahTan. bulat begma saqarTveloze

saubari Semdegi sityvebiT daasrula: qarTvelTa `miwa-

wylidan Sahis didebulebas didi sargebeli ara aqvso~1.

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, dok. #15, gv. 146-148.

97

III. Teimuraz I-is diplomatiuri urTierToba ruseTTan (1619-1625 ww.)

rogorc iTqva sulTan osman II-is TeimurazisaTvis

daxmareba, misTvis kidev erTi qalaqis gadacemiT gamoixata.

osmaleTs saqarTvelosTvis metis gakeTeba aRar SeeZlo.

irani misTvis dauZlevel winaaRmdegobad gadaiqca. qar-

Tvelma politikosebma, Teimuraz mefis meTaurobiT, gadawy-

vites daxmareba ruseTisTvis eTxovaT. moxda is, rac sauku-

nenaxevarze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi ar momxdara: saxezea

yvela qarTuli politikuri erTeulis erTiani sagareo po-

litikuri kursis gamovlena. kaxeTis samefo, imereTis same-

fo, guriis samTavro da odiSis samTavro (saeWvoa odiSis

samTavros monawileoba Teimuraz mefis mier wamowyebul

diplomatiur urTierTobaSi ruseTTan) erToblivad agzav-

nian elCs moskovSi. marTalia, isini cal-calke sweren ru-

seTis xelmwifes, magram Txovna yvelasi erTia: daxmareba

iranis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.

aucilebelia ganmarteba mieces m. polievqtovis im mo-

sazrebas, romlis mixedviTac qarTuli diplomatiis mier os-

maleTis imedaT yofnaze uaris Tqma, ruseTis diplomatiis

warmatebuli moqmedebis Sedegi iyo. m. polievqtovi werda:

àm droindeli Teimurazis yvela elCi moskovSi ganekuTvne-

boda garkveul sazogadoebriv fenas. iRumeni xaritoni, ieru-

salimSi golgoTis qarTuli monastris arqiepiskoposi Teo-

dose, mitropoliti nikifore, yvela eseni konstantinopolis

sapatriarqosTan daaxloebuli saqarTvelos umaRlesi sasu-

liero wreebis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen. yvela isini moskovSi

gamoCenamde, da zogierTi maTgani zustad im dros, roca

moskovi (TeimurazTan _ e.m.) agzavnida veriovkins, Teimura-

zis davalebiT, ùrwmunoebTan~ eZebdnen mis damcvels. maT

TavianTi sasuliero wodeba, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, xels ar

uSlidaT TavianT diplomatiur misiaSi. yvela maT konstan-

tinopolSi uxdebodaT Sexeba berZnul eklesiasTan, rome-

lic am dros moskovis mowyalebiT cxovrobda. moskovisaT-

vis morCili am fenis meSveobiT SeiZleboda saqarTveloSi

98

im gavlenis gavrceleba, romelmac bolos da bolos gaimar-

jva Teimurazis TurqeTisaken midrekilebaze~1.

m. polievqtovi marTalia, rodesac berZnul eklesiaSi

rusul gavlenaze aRniSnavs, magram, CemTvis cnobili wyaro-

ebidan da literaturidan Cans, rom osmaleTis xelisufle-

bas ruseTTan da saqarTvelosTan sruliad gansxvavebuli

damokidebuleba hqonda. sulTnis kari am dros ruseTs gani-

xilavda rogorc potenciur mokavSires axlo aRmosavleTsa

da kavkasiaSi iranis winaaRmdeg, maSin, rodesac imave irans

ebrZoda saqarTvelos gamo. `gurjistani~ mas Tavisad miaC-

nda. ruseTi saqarTvelos saqmeebSi jer ise ar ereoda, rom

masSi metoqe daenaxa. osmaleTis xelisufleba yovelTvis

eWvis TvaliT uyurebda da SeZlebisdagvarad aferxebda sa-

qarTvelos urTierTobas sxva qristianul qveynebTan.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom konstantinopolis sa-

patriarqo, sulTnis moxeleTa SiSiT, Tavs aridebda mar-

Tlmadidebeli saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebTan kontaqts.

isic unda iTqvas, rom saerTod qarTuli eklesia, kerZod ki,

dasaxelebuli sasuliero pirebi, mWidro kavSirSi iyvnen ie-

rusalimis sapatriarqosTan da ara konstantinopolis sapat-

riarqosTan. sul sxvagvari urTierToba arsebobda saqarTve-

los eklesiasa da ierusalimis sapatriarqos Soris. es iyo

ierusalimis berZenTa patriarqebisa da sapatriarqos mWidro

ekonomikuri da politikuri kavSiri saqarTvelos eklesias-

Tan da samefo-samTavroebTan2. ase, rom saqarTvelos politi-kuri orientaciis ruseTze gadatana Teimuraz mefisa da qar-Tuli politikuri wreebis mier viTarebis analizis Sedegi iyo da ara garedan Tavsmoxveuli politika.

aRniSnulis gamyarebisaTvis gamogvadgeba Tundac axla

rom gvainteresebs kumurdos iRumenis xaritonis magaliTic.

igi orjer iyo ierusalimSi da didi xnis nacnoboba hqonda

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы… c. XXVI, прим. 1. 2 ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis

istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.).

99

patriarq Teofanis III-sTan (1608-1644). ierusalimis patriar-

qTan amgvari siaxlovis Sesaxeb xaritonma moskovSi ganacxa-

da, maSin, rodesac imave qalaqSi, imave dros, myofi patriar-

qis naxvis ufleba moiTxova. xaritonis TqmiT, mas patriarqi-

sagan dalocva undoda. rogorc xelmwifes moaxsenes, `pat-

riarqi mas didi xania icnobs da (xaritoni –e.m.) masTan ieru-

salimSi orjer iyo. mas patriarqi ori welia ar unaxavs~1.

aucileblad unda iTqvas isic, rom moskovSi mimaval-

ma patriarqma Teofanisma saqarTveloSi gamoiara. xarito-

nis mier Teofanisis naxvis moTxovna, savaraudoa, misgan

mxolod dalocvis miRebis surviliT ar iyo gamowveuli.

Teimuraz mefes TeofanisisTan da ierusalimis sapatriar-

qosTan rom intesiuri politikuri kontaqtebi hqonda, ufro

davrwmundebiT maSin, rodesac nikifore irbaxze visaub-

rebT. isic sagulisxmoa, rom xaritonis da sxva mogzaurTa

da momlocvelTa saSualebiT, Teimuraz mefes urTierToba

hqonda nikifore irbaxTanac, romlis siaxlove ierusalimis

patriarqTan cnobili iyo.

Tavisi samefodan devnil Teimuraz mefes imdenad seri-

ozuli avtoriteti hqonda da pativs scemdnen, rom SeZlo

antiiranuli koaliciis Seqmnaze efiqra. am gzaze yvelaze

seriozuli dabrkoleba SeiZleboda Sexvedroda qarTul po-

litikuri erTeulebis mxridan. magram moxda, erTi SexedviT,

moulodneli faqti: yvela qarTvelma mefe-mTavarma mzdayof-

na gamoacxada iranis agresiis winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZo-

lis Sesaxeb. es Teimurazis sagareo politikuri kursis aRi-

areba da gamarjveba iyo. arc Tu warmatebulad meCveneba Te-

muraz I-isa da misi papis aleqsandre II-is sagareo politiku-

ri kursis Sedareba, rom meore pirvelisagan gansxvavebiT sa-

gareo politikas, kerZod, moskovTan urTierTobas sxva qar-

Tveli mmarTvelebisagan izolirebulad awarmoebda2. pirvel

rigSi gasaTvaliswinebelia aleqsandres da Teimurazis dro-

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы… с. 49. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы…c. XXIV.

100

indeli kaxeTis samefos ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da poli-

tikuri viTareba. kaxeTis samefo imdenad Zlieri da angariS-

gasawevi samefo iyo, rom mis mefes _ aleqsandres SeeZlo

damoukidebeli sagareo politika ewarmoebina. sxva qarTuli

politikuri erTeulebi aleqsandres mxars ar dauWerdnen

Tundac imitom, rom mas qveyanaSi pirvelobis da gamaerTia-

neblis pretenzia hqonda, rac man gansakuTrebiT naTlad

swored ruseTTan diplomatiur urTierTobaSi gamoamJRavna.

igi ruseTis xelmwifesTan gagzavnil werilebsa da mis el-

CebTan molaparakebebis dros sxva qarTveli mefe-mTavrebis

ignorirebas axdenda. arc irani iyo im dros ise Zlieri, ro-

goric Teimuraz I-is dros1. Teimurazi, Tavdapirvelad, iran-

Tan urTierTobaSi Tavisi didebuli papis sagareo politi-

kis gagrZelebas cdilobda. es iyo arc mtrobis da arc moy-

vrobis politika, rasac Sah abasi ukve aRar Seegueboda da

arc Seegua. vidre Sah abasi cocxali iyo, Teimurazma Tavisi

mefobis mniSvnelovani periodi ltolvilobaSi gaatara. Tei-

murazi, romelic am dros arc erTi qarTuli politikuri

erTeulis mimarT pretenzias ar amJRavnebda, bunebrivia, sa-

gareo urTierTobis sakiTxebze maTTan saerTo enis gamoZebna

uadvildeboda.

Teimurazi da dasavleT saqarTvelos mmarTvelebi

iran-osmaleTis omis dasrulebamde darwmundnen, rom osma-

leTi seriozul warmatebas ver miaRwevda da misgan sam-

xedro daxmarebis miReba naklebad saimedo iyo. isini omis

damTavrebas aRar daelodnen da gadawyvites daxmareba ru-

seTisTvis eTxovaT. Aam politikuri nabijis iniciatori Te-

imuraz mefe iyo. saerTod unda iTqvas, rom Teimurazis dip-

lomatiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo alternatiuli mokavSi-

reebis Zieba iranTan sabrZolvelad. mas sagulisxmo mokav-

Sireebad miaCnda osmaleTi da ruseTi, romlebic imavdrou-

lad erTmaneTTan dapirispirebulni iyvnen.


tia (XV-XVI ss.), Tb., 2009, gv. 269-291, 302-308...…

101

Teimuraz I-is diplomati xaritoni

Teimuraz mefem, imereTis mefe giorgim, guriis mTavar-

ma mamiam da odiSis mTavarma levanma 1618 wlis gazafxulze

kumurdos RvTismSoblis monastris iRumeni xaritoni mos-

kovSi gagzavnes. igi moskovSi miiRes, rogorc Teimurazis

elCi. moskovis kari sxvanairad verc moiqceoda, radgan Tei-

murazi xelmwifisaTvis gagzavnil Tavis sigelSi xaritons

waradgens, rogorc mxolod Tavis elCs. qarTvel elCs Ter-

gidan gahyvnen Tergis strelecebis asisTavi da Tarjimani.

elCis mogzaurobis marSruti iyo: yabardo_Tergi_astraxa-

ni_yazani_niJni novgorodi_moskovi. xaritoni moskovSi mivi-

da 1619 w. aprilSi.

qarTveli elCis mimarT, mTeli misi mogzaurobis

dros, rusi moxeleebi undoblobas iCendnen. arsebobda spe-

cialuri brZaneba, rom mogzaurobis dros elCs aravin da-

laparakeboda da gamyolsac ki aukrZales elCTan saqmiani

saubari. saqme iqamdis mivida, rom xaritons xelmwifisaTvis

gankuTvnili werilebi mopares da moskovSi Caitanes. amis

Semdeg elCi specialuri nebarTviT SeuSves moskovSi.

16 aprils xaritons ewvia saelCo prikazis moxele al.

Saxovi da moskovSi Camosvlis miznis Sesaxeb gamohkiTxa.

elCma jer Tavis mgzavrobaze moaxsena, sad da ramden xans

mouxda gaCereba, rogor epyrobodnen da niJni novgorodSi

Tergis pristavma werilebi rom mohpara1.

xaritonma Saxovs uTxra, rom ruseTis xelmwifisaTvis

werilebTan erTad saidumlo danabarebic unda gadaeca. Te-

imuraz mefis brZanebiT mas xelmwifisaTvis unda moexsene-

bina, rom rogorc misi papa da mama emsaxurebodnen rus

xelmwifeebs, aseve Teimurazs ganzraxuli aqvs amJamindel

xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zes emsaxuros da misi xeldebu-

li iyos. xaritoni im ubedurebazec mouyva, rac Sahma mis

samSoblos daawia. amJamad mefe Teimurazi, osmaleTis

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы… c. 39-40.

102

sulTnis mfarvelobis qveS, imereTis samefoSi cxovrobs.

Teimurazs Sahis winaaRmdeg mxars uWeren imereTis mefe, gu-

rieli da dadiani. Teimuraz mefem iRumeni xaritoni daxma-

rebis saTxovnelad gagzavna sulTanTan da yirimis xanTan.

sulTani Teimurazs jaris micemas dahpirda da werilic ga-

ugzavna. amis Semdeg mefem xaritoni yirimis xanTan jaris

saTxovnelad gagzavna. iqac dapireba miiRes. roca xaritoni

yirimidan Tavis mefesTan dabrunda, osmaleTis jari jer

kidev misuli ar iyo, amitom mefem igi kvlav sulTanTan

gagzavna. xaritonma Tavisi TvaliT naxa arzrumSi Sekrebi-

li Turqebisa da yirimelebis jari. radgan Teimurazma xa-

ritoni moskovSi did xelmwifesTan gamoagzavna, man ar

icis osmaleTisa da yirimis jarebma ra moimoqmedes1. xari-

tonma isic ganacxada, rom mis mefes Turqebisa da yirime-

lebis imedi ara aqvs, radgan isini muslimebi arian. maSin,

rodesac ruseTis `didi xelmwife, misi mefuri didebuleba,

mzisqveSeTSi udidesi qristiani xelmwifea da rogorc misi

winaprebi icavdnen saqarTvelos, manac aseve unda daicvas.

Tu xelmwifes axla ar SeuZlia jariT daxmareba, maSin Ta-

visi kaci saqarTveloSi gagzavnos, raTa darwmundes rogor

ganadgurda misi samefo. roca misi wargzavnili Teimurazs

mis (xelmwifis _ e.m.) werils miutans, misi mtrebi gaigeben

da SeSindebian~.

xaritonma Crdilo kavkasieli mTielebis saxeliT ga-

nacxada: yumuxebsa da mTiel Tavadebs undaT xelmwifis xel-

debulebi iyvnen. mxolod ori yumuxeli Tavadi, alibeki da,

meoris saxeli ar axsovda, Sahs emxroba. Tavadi girei coc-

xali aRar aris da misi adgili sulTan-mahmudma daikava da

axla CerqezebSi yvelaze Zlieri is aris. yumuxel Tavadebs

Tergze mZevlebi ara hyavT. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini yve-

lani mzad arian xelmwifis xeldebulebi gaxdnen, maTi Se-

momtkicebisaTvis xelmwifem mZevlebis ayvana brZanos2.

1 Там же, с. 40-41. 2 Там же, с. 41-42.

103

Teimuraz mefesa da mis elCs ganzraxuli aqvT ruse-

Tis xelisuflebas Caagonon, rom misi xelqveiTi kavkasieli

mTavrebis teritoriaze gzis gaWriT saqarTvelosTan dakav-

Sireba gaioldeba. xaritonis naTqvami kidev ufro konkre-

tuladaa gadmocemuli Teimuraz mefis werilSi: `...RmerTs

SevTxov da minda viyve Tqveni yma da gemsaxuroT, radgan

Tqven qristianuli rwmenis didi xelmwife casa da dedami-

was Soris yvela qristian xelmwifeze maRla imyofebiT. da

Tqven did xelmwifes cremliTa da ubedurebiT gacnobebT,

rom CvenTvis sinaTle gadaiqca sibneleT, mze aRar gvaT-

bobs, mTvare aRar gvinaTebs, naTeli dRe Ramed gadagveqca.

iseT mdgomareobaSi var, jobda dedaCemis saSo gamxmariyo

da ar davbadebuliyavi, oRond qristianuli rwmenis iveriis

miwa-wyali Cems Tvalwin ar ganadgurebuliyo... amJamad Cveni

marTlmadidebluri qristianuli iveriis miwa-wyali ganad-

gurebulia, eklesiebSi ar adideben RvTis saxels, isini

sruliad dacarielebulia. winaT papaCemi aleqsandre Tqveni

xeldebuli yma gaxda da maSin vcxovrobdiT simSvidesa da

siwynareSi, yvela mtrisagan daculi, vinc Tqvens Zlier sa-

mefo da mrisxane saxels gaigonebda, Cvens xelis xlebas ve-

ravin bedavda~. Semdeg moTxrobilia Sahma rogor waiyvana

jer misi da, Semdeg misi axloblebis da qarTveli didebu-

lebis Svilebi. Sahi amas ar dasjerda, uCumraT wamovida

jariT da saqarTvelos sazRvarTan moaxloebulma Teimu-

razs elCi gaugzavna da mZevlad Svili mosTxova. Teimuraz-

ma mas jer umcrosi aleqsandre gaugzavna. roca Sahma dai-

naxa, rom misi winaaRmdegobis gamwevi aravin iyo, kidev ga-

ugzavna elCi da axla ufrosi Svili mosTxova. `Tu masTan

mSvidoba mindoda maSin misTvis RviZli deda Cems vaJ le-

vanTan erTad unda gamegzavna. igi moelaparakeboda deda-

Cems da Cems SvilebTan erTad ukan damibrunebda. me davuje-

re da imisaTvis raTa qristianuli rwmena ar ganadgurebu-

liyo, Cemi RviZli deda Cem SvilTan, ufros ufliswul le-

vanTan erTad, masTan gavagzavne. roca (Sahma _e.m.) isini moi-

xelTa, macnoba, rom Cemi ufrosi Svili gamouSva da unda

masTan mSvidobianad viyo. me da Cemma jarma didad gavixa-

104

reT, rom Cems Svils CemTan uSvebda da mSvidoba myardebo-

da da mTeli Sekrebili [jari] saxlebSi gavuSvi. man amiT

dagvasusta, swrafad movida mTeli jariT Cvens qveyanaSi. me

mcire winaaRmdegobis Semdeg, davinaxe ra Cemi umweoba wave-

di baSiaCukis qveyanaSi. is qveyana marTlmadidebluri qris-

tianulia, qveyanas imereli hqvia da iq dakrZalulia dedo-

fali dinara1. Cemi (wasvlis _e.m.) Semdeg Cveni qveyana mTli-

anad gaanadgura, RvTis eklesiebi Seagina da trapezebi da-

amtvria, qristianebis mfarveli RvTismSoblis uwmindesi

saswaulmoqmedi xatebi talaxSi Cawixla...~ Teimuraz mefe,

rogorc misi werilidan Cans, iTvaliswinebda ra ruseTis

saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo mdgomareobas, moskovidan

realuri daxmarebis imedi ar hqonda. amitom igi Tavis

Txovnas Semdegnairad ayalibebs: `dido xelmwifev, jars ar

gTxov, mxolod mowyaleba moiRe, brZane Sahs misweron ma-

inc, rom Cvens miwa-wyals nu daipyrobs da metad nuRar gaa-

nadgurebs. dido xelmwife, mowyaleba moiRe Cemze, mefe Tei-

murazze, braZane Sahs misweron, rom dedaCemi da Cemi Svile-

bi damibrunos. Tu me ar momcems..., dedaCemi Sen waiyvane, ra-

Ta igi bilw musulmanur rwmenaSi ar mokvdes~2.

Teimuraz mefe mixeil Tedores Zes imasac acnobebs,

rom roca moskovSi elCis gagzavna gadawyvita, amis Sesaxeb

gaiges imereTis mefem, guriis mefem da dadianis qveynis

mmarTvelma, isini CemTan baSiaCukSi (imereTSi) movidnen da

miTxres, rom maTzec momewera, rom isini Tqvens mfarvelo-

baSi miiRoT da Tqveni saukuno monebi iyvnen.

Teimuraz mefe cdilobs ruseTis xelmwife daaintere-

sos saqarTvelosTan damakavSirebeli gzis mowesrigebasa

da uSiSroebis uzrunvelyofaSi. Teimurazi am problemis

gadawyvetis winadadebis dayenebisas mxolod mowodebiT ki

ar Semoifargleba. mas sakiTxi Seswavlili aqvs da xelmwi-

1 `dinaras Tqmuleba~ ix. T natroSvili, weli erTi da aTasi, Tb.,

1988, gv. 68-78. 2 Там же, с. 43-46.

105

fes rCevasac sTavazobs. rogorc Cans, misi davalebiT, aR-

niSnul sakiTxze, xaritoni Cerqezebis mTavars murdarsac

Sexvda da moelaparaka. savaraudoa murdarTan urTierToba

Teimuraz mefes xaritonis moskovSi wasvlamde dawyebuli

hqonda da garkveul dadebiT Sedegsac miaRwia. amis Tqmis

safuZvels iZleva xaritonis naTqvami moskovSi. igi xelmwi-

fes sakuTari weriliTac urCevs Tavisi gavlena gaaZlieros

wova-TuSeTzec, romelic ubatonoa, magram CerqezeTs uxdis

xarks. CerqezeTi ki ruseTs emorCileba. wova-TuSeTze gav-

lenis mopovebis SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Teimurazi da misi

elCi varaudoben, gaixsneba gza ruseTidan saqarTvelosken.

CerqezeTidan Teimurazis mamulamde, wova-TuSeTamde sul

erTi, xolo baSiaCukamde ori dRis saxmeleTo gzaa. mogza-

uroba miT ufro gaadvildeba, rom Cerqezebis mTavari mur-

dari, mzad aris ruseTis mefisadmi Tavisi erTgulebis da-

samtkiceblad qarTvel da rus elCebs mgzavrobaSi xeli

Seuwyos1, rac misi xalxis mier ruseTis elCebis saqarTve-

lomde gacilebaSi gamoixateba2.

ruseTis xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zem qarTvel mefe-

ebsa da guriels calcalke gaugzavna werilebi. yvelaze

vrcelia Teimuraz mefisaTvis gankuTvnili werili. xelmwi-

fe mwuxarebas gamoxatavs Sah abasis mier kaxeTis samefos

akleba-ganadgurebis gamo, iwonebs Teimurazis Txovnas, gag-

zavnos Tavisi kaci saqarTveloSi, raTa man sakuTari Tva-

liT naxos gaubedurebuli qveyana da amis Semdeg xelmwifem

Teimurazs misive qveyana uwyalobos. xelmwife iqve aRniS-

navs, rom yvelafers iRonebs saqarTvelos diplomatiuri

saSualebiT dasacavad. man Sahs ukve miswera da gaagebina,

rom iverieli mefeebi da iveriis mTeli miwa-wyali Tavidan-

ve ruseTis didi xelmwife mefeebis xelisuflebis qveS iyv-

nen. amieridan xelmwifis megobrobis gamo Sahi iveriis miwa-

wyals aRar daesxmis da aRar Seaviwroebs. Sahsa da Teimu-

1 Там же, с. 46. 2 Там же, с. 48-49.

106

razs Soris mtrobis SemTxvevaSi Sahma Cvens mefur didebu-

lebas unda mimarTos. `Cven didi xelmwife momavalSic vi-

survebdiT Sen, Teimuraz mefe, Cvens mefur mowyalebaSi

gvyavde iseve, rogor mowyalebaSic hyavda Seni papa da mefe

aleqsandre SvilebiTurT Cvens papas, ivane vasilis Zes da

Cvens biZas, Tedore ivanes Zes~1.

imereTis mefe giorgisaTvis gagzavnil, SedarebiT

mokle weriliSi mixeil Tedores Ze imeorebs imas rac ime-

reTidan misweres: rogor mivida Sahi iverielebis qveyanaSi

da daipyro igi, eklesia-monastrebi daangria da sxv. rode-

sac Teimuraz mefem Tavi Seafara imereTis samefoSi, rogor

imuqreboda Sahi am samefos ganadgurebiT. imereTis mefem,

Tavis gadarCenis mizniT, rogor mimarTa ruseTs daxmarebis

TxovniT, razec xelmwifem upasuxa, rom `Tqven samudamod

iqnebiT Cveni maRali xelis qveS mTeli Tqveni miwa-wyliT~2.

mamia gurielisaTvis gagzavnil kidev ufro mokle we-

rilSi, gamokveTilad iyo naTqvami, rom `Cven, didi xelmwi-

fe gaqebT Sen mefe manuils imis gamo, rom Cvens mowyalebas

eZeb da gvinda SemdegSic Cveni mefuri mowyalebis qveS

gvyavde~3.

amgvari Sinaarsis werilebiT gamouSves xaritoni mos-

kovidan.

ra SeiZleba iTqvas xaritonis moskovSi elCobis Se-

degze? rogor SevafasoT igi?

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы,… с. 57-59. xelmwifis werilis boloSi

naTqvamis mixedviT, T. tivaZe daaskvnis, rom es aris ruseTis mTav-

robis oficialuri gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom `kaxeTis mefe

aleqsandre II-s urTierToba hqonda damyarebuli ruseTis mefe iva-

ne mrisxanesTan 1584 wlis gazafxulamde (ivane IV gardaicvala

1584 wlis martSi), rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom saqarTvelo-ruseTis

urTierTobaTa dawyeba kaxeTSi rusin danilovis 1586 wels Camos-

vliT, ar aris marTebuli~. tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo

politika, gv. 40. 2 Там же, с. 60 3 Там же, с. 61

107

mkvlevrebis mier xaritonis elCoba ruseTSi Sefasebu-

lia rogorc warmatebuli. n. nakaSiZis TqmiT: àmrigad, Tei-

murazis 1618 wlis elCobam mizans miaRwia da dasaxuli amo-

cana Seasrula: ruseTi, romelic ukiduresad mZime mdgoma-

reobaSi iyo da didad ufrTxildeboda iranTan kargi ur-

Tierobis SenarCunebas, miesalma saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTi-

erTobis aRdgenas Zvel sawyisebze _ gamovida mis mfarve-

lad da damcvelad iranTan diplomatiur urTierTobaSi~1.

xaritonis elCobis n. nakaSiZiseul Safasebas iziarebs

T. tivaZe, mxolod erTs ki SeniSnavs, rom igi ar eTanxmeba

mas imaSi, TiTqos amis Semdeg ruseTis mTavrobam Tavis el-

Cebs iranSi, i. korobinsa da o. kuvSinovs, daavala, rom maT

daJinebiT moeTxovaT, Sahs amis Semdeg Tavi Seekavabina sa-

qarTvelos mimarT mtrul moqmedebaze, TeimurazisTvis da-

ebrunebina misi samefo, gaeTavisuflebina misi ojaxis we-

vrebi da Tavis Tavze aiRebda Suamavlobas iaran-saqarTve-

los urTierTobaSi. T. tivaZe marTalia, roca SeniSnavs,

rom ìranisagan saqarTvelos mimarT loialuri damokide-

bulebis gamoCenis `daJinebiTi~ moTxovna saarqivo sabuTeb-

Si ar mtkicdeba~2.

CemTvis gaugebaria ratom iyo xaritonis elCoba warma-

tebuli. ra miiRo am elCobiT saqarTvelom? gauwia raime

angariSi Sah abasma mixeil Tedores Zis Txovnas da Secva-

la saqarTvelos mimarT politika? iranis mbrZanebels Ta-

visi azri da pozicia ar Seucvlia da, rogorc CvenTvis

cnobili sabuTebidan Cans, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dip-

lomatiurma `dacvam~ kidev ufro gaauaresa Cveni qveynis

mdgomareoba. swored qarTveli xaritonis moskovSi da rusi

i. korobinisa da o. kuvSinovis ispaanSi elCobebis Semdeg, ruseTisagan daxmarebis miRebaze gulacruebuli Teimuraz

mefe isev sulTans miekedla, amis Semdeg moukla Sah abasma

kaxeTis mefes deda da Svilebi da saqarTvelos sakiTxis

1 nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, gv. 77-78. 2 tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 39.

108

ignorirebas axdenda diplomatiuri saSualebebiT ruseTTan

da osmaleTTan urTierTobis dros, razec SemdegSi ufro

vrclad iTqmeva.

xaritoni jer isev moskovSi imyofeboda, rodesac 1621

wlis gazafxulze iranidan dabrunebulma bariatinskim Tan

miiyvana Sah abasis elCi bulat-begi. masTan molaparakebisas

rusma diplomatebma kvlav daayenes saqarTvelos sakiTxi da

yizilbaSebis mier xelmwifis xeldebuli saqarTvelos ao-

xreba usayvedures. bulat-begma gaoceba gamoxata ruseTis

xelmwifis mier saqarTvelos Tavis xeldebulad gamocxade-

bis gamo. Mman ganacxada, rom yvelafers Sahs acnobebda. Mma-

le, amis Semdeg, xaritoni saqarTveloSi gamouSves da qar-

Tvel mefe-mTavrebTan werilebic gamoatanes1.

* * *

qarTvelebi rom mniSvnelovan daxmarebas ver miiReb-

dnen ruseTidan da saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-iranTan ur-

TierTobaSi ukana planze gadaweuli iyo, naTlad gamoCnda

moskovidan iranSi gagzavnili elCobisaTvis micemul `dari-

gebaSi~. ruseTis mTavrobam gadawyvita iranSi gaegzvna elCo-

ba m. p. bariatinskis, i. CiCerinisa da tixonovis Semadgenlo-

biT da iranis mTavrobisaTvis sufsidiebi eTxova. maT daava-

les, rogor unda ewarmoebinaT SahTan molaparakeba saqar-

Tvelos sakiTxze. 1618 w. 23 maiss micemuli `darigebis~ mix-

edviT, SahTan molaparakebis dros sifrTxile unda gamoeCi-

naT da mdgomareoba ar unda gaemwvavebinaT. amisaTvis maT

pirvel rigSi unda daadginon:

1. rogoria Sahis politika saqarTvelos mimarT, imyofe-

ba Tu ara Teimuraz mefe saqarTveloSi, ganicdis Tu ara igi

Sahisgan Seviwroebas, xom ar daamyara iranis sawinaaRmdego

kavSiri qarTlma da kaxeTma osmaleTTan an sxva romelime sa-

xelmwifosTan da maTTan erTad xom ar ebrZvian irans.

1 nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, Tb., 1977, gv. 78.

109

2. elCebi Tu gaigeben, rom qarTveli mefe Tavis qveya-

naSia, mas Sahi ar aviwroebs, osmaleTTan antiiranuli kav-

Siri ar daumyarebia da osmalTa jarTan erTad ar aris mi-

si jari, maSin SahTan an mis axloblebTan saubrisas unda

Tqvan: rogorc ruseTis mefem Tavisi elCis f. leontievis

piriT sTxova da Sahmac masve daabara, Sahi ruseTis xelmwi-

fisadmi siyvarulisa da megobrobis gamo Tavs aRar daes-

xmoda da aRar aiklebda saqarTvelos. Sahma danapirebi Se-

asrula. amitom elCebma TavianTi mefis saxeliT mas madlo-

ba unda gadauxadon.

3. elCebi Tu danamdvilebiT gaigeben, rom qarTli da

kaxeTi osmaleTsa da sxva saxelmwifoebs daukavSirdnen da

Sahis saxelmwifos ebrZvian, SahTan an mis axloblebTan sa-

ubrisas qarTvel mefesa da qarTl-kaxeTze araferi Tqvan.

4. im SemTxvevaSi Tu Sahi an misi axloblebi saubris

dros ikiTxaven, axla roca qarTveli mefe Sahis mters

sulTans daukavSirda da mis winaaRmdeg ibrZvis, icis Tu

ara xelmwifem amis Sesaxeb da ras gvibrZanebs igi, rogor

movepyroT qarTvel mefesa da mis miwa-wyals? am arasasia-

movno kiTxvaze m. p. bariatinskis unda epasuxa, rom xelmwi-

fem ar icoda da Teimurazisagan ar moeloda, rom xelmwi-

fisa da Sahis mters miemxroboda. roca gavigeT mefe Teimu-razis usamarTloba da uxeSoba xelmwifisa da Sahis mi-marT, masze laparakic ki aRar gvindao. magram Tu aseT kiT-xvas ar dasvamdnen, maSin elCebs krinti ar unda daeZraT iveriis miwa-wyalze1.

1621 wlis gazafxulze moskovis mTavrobam iranSi gag-

zavnil v. korobinsa da o. kuvSinovs saqarTvelos sakiTxze

TiTqmis igive `darigeba~ misca, rac maT winamorbed elCebs.

vfiqrob, ruseTSi varaudobdnen, rom Sahi eWvobda: Teimura-

zis osmaleTTan molaparakebebSi xom ar monawileobdnen ru-

si diplomatebic. amgvari eWvebis gafantvas emsaxureboda,

albaT, dasaxelebuli elCebisaTvis micemuli erT-erTi dava-

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, dok. #16, gv. 148-150.

110

leba, rom Sahi da misi kariskacebi elCebisagan Tu moiTxov-

dnen pasuxs Teimurazis osmalebTan urTierTobaze rogori

pozicia hqonda moskovs, maSin elCebs unda epasuxaT: ruseTi Teimuraz mefis gamo Sah abasTan Zmur megobrobasa da siyva-

ruls ar gawyvetda. magram iranis mxare Tu pirdapir ityoda,

rom qarTveli mefe da saqarTvelos da iveriis miwa-wyali

iranis winaaRmdeg osmaleTsa da sxva saxelmwifoebs Seuer-

Tda da misi jari sulTnis jarTan erTad Sahis miwa-wyalze

SeiWra, maSin SahTan myof ruseTis elCebi arafers ityodnen1.

rogorc Cans, Teimuraz mefe Tavisi diplomatiuri da

samxedro saqmianobiT Sah abass mosvenebas ar aZlevda da

mudmivad daZabul mdgomareobaSi amyofebda. saqme iqamde mi-

vida, rom Sahi, romelic ruseTis xelisuflebas yovelTvis

agrZnobinebda, rom aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo misi gavlenis

qveS unda iyos, axla ukan ixevs da cdilobs ruseTi daix-maros TeimurazTan urTierTobis garkvevaSi da Suamavlo-

bas Txovs.

1623 wels v. korobinis davalebiT iranidan moskovSi

dabrunda elCobis erT-erTi wevri, Tarjimani i. burnaSovi.

man saelCo prikazs moaxsena, rom elCi mivida Tu ara SahTan,

maSinve miarTva ruseTis xelmwifis werili saqarTvelos Se-

saxeb da sityvieradac moiTxova, rom Sahi saqarTvelos miwa-

wyalze ar SeWriliyo da mis winaaRmdeg ar eoma. Sahma xel-

mwifis SemonaTvali moismina da elCs ganucxada, rom man

TviTonac kargad icis, rom saqarTvelo iranis kuTvnilebaa,

magram axla qarTvelma mefem uRalata, misi da ruseTis xel-

mwifis mters, TurqeTs miemxro. Sahma ar icis vis gadasces

saqarTvelos miwa-wyali. ruseTis xelmwifem misweros Teimu-razs, rom is SahTan wavides da igi mas mis miwa-wyalsa da

xalxs daubrunebs2.

zemoT ganxiluli dokumentebi naTels xdis, rom XVII

s. pirvel meoTxedSi ruseTisa da iranis diplomatiuri ur-

1 iqve, dok. #18, gv. 151-153. 2 iqve, dok. #19, gv. 153-154.

111

TierTobisas, gansjis mniSvnelovan sagans saqarTvelos sa-

kiTxic warmoadgenda. bolos, moxmobili dokumentidan gansa-

kuTrebiT reliefurad gamoCda, rom saqarTvelo ruseTisaT-

vis ar warmoadgenda im problemas, romlisTvisac irans se-

riozulad daupirispirdeboda. magram ruseTi erTmorwmune

saqarTvelos mfarvelad da damcvelad gamodioda, riTac

Sah abasis SeSfoTebas iwvevda. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos

sakiTxis saerTaSoriso asparezze gatana, garkveuli gagebiT,

aferxebda am oro qveynis savaWro-ekonomikur urTierTobas,

maTs erTobliv gamosvlas saerTo mtris, osmaleTis saxel-

mwifos winaaRmdeg.

Teimuraz mefe praqtikulad darwmunda, rom Tavis ur-TierTobas mezobel saxelmwifoebTan, ruseTis intereseb-Tan SesabamisobaSi ver ganaxorcielebda. amitom iyo, rom igi da misi diplomatebi ruseTTan kontaqtebis paralelu-rad iseT antiiranulad ganwyobil mokavSires eZebdnen, visi interesebic iranis winaaRmdg iqneboda mimarTuli da, auci-leblobis SemTxvevaSi, iaraRsac gamoiyenebda. aseTi ki, sa-qarTvelos mezoblobaSi mxolod osmaleTi iyo.

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTvelebisaTvis kargad iyo

cnobili osmaleTis `siyvaruli~ saqarTvelos mimarT, SeiZ-

leba iTqvas, rom XVI saukuneSi, gansakuTrebiT mis bolo me-oTxedSi sulTnis namoqmedari, XVII s. pirvel meoTxedSi aR-mosavleT saqarTveloSi Sah abasis politikurma da sam-

xedro zewolam, sisastikem da daundoblobam gadafara. amas

garda, rogorc Cans, Teimuraz mefe iTvaliswinebda samive

didi qveynis, osmaleTis, iranisa da ruseTis interesebis Se-

uTavseblobas kavkasiaSi da maTi erTmaneTTan dapirispereba

moindoma. is iranisagan dacvas jer ruseTs sTxovda, Semdeg

am saqmeSi osmaleTis CarTva scada. isic xdeboda, roca igi

erTdroulad orives sTxovda mfarvelobas, riTac `mfarve-

lebis~ gaRizianebas da undoblobas iwvevda.

1612 wlis stambolis zavi irans saqarTveloSi garkve-

ul upiratesobas uqmnida, riTac ukmayofilo iyo osmale-

Ti. amis gamo m. svaniZe savsebiT marTebulad aRniSnavs: òs-

maleTSi esmodaT, rom iranis SesaZlo warmateba qarTl-ka-

112

xeTSi osmaleTis agresiuli gegmis CaSlas udrida. Tu Sah

abasi Tavis miznebs ganaxorcielebda, maSin aRmosavleT sa-

qarTvelos mxridan osmaleTs uSualod gaumezobldeboda

iranis administraciul erTeulad gadaqceuli `gurjista-

nis~ saxano da sefianTa saxelmwifos politikuri sazRvre-

bi dasavleT saqarTvelomde gadaiwevda da, Tu es ase mox-

deboda, iransa da osmaleTs Soris gaqreboda iseTi qveyana,

romelic, marTalia, arc osmaleTis batonobas iTmenda, mag-

ram (Tu saqarTvelos interesebi amas moiTxovda) SeiZlebo-

da misi `mokavSire~ gamxdariyo iranis winaaRmdeg omSi. os-

maleTi, Tu TviTon ver SeZlebda saqarTvelos dapyrobas,

imis momxre iyo, rom is verc irans daepyro. `gurjistanis~

saxanos nacvlad misTvis gacilebiT xelsayreli iyo feo-

daluri saqarTvelos mezobloba~1.

zavis dadebis Semdeg, saerTaSoriso viTarebaSi mom-

xdarma seriozulma cvlilebebma, osmaleTis xelisufleba

aiZula mwvave reaqcia ar gamoemJRavnebina saqarTvelo-ru-

seTs Soris diplomatiuri kontaqtebis gaaqtiurebis gamo

da ise Canda, rom iranTan omis SemTxvevaSi igi qarTvelebs

daexmareboda. osmaleTma amgvari nabijis gadadgmisaken

mzadyofna maSin gamoacxada, rodesac aRmosavleT saqarTve-

lodan devnilma mefeebma imereTis samefos Seafares Tavi.

magram osmaleTi aseTi moqmedebis dawyebas uangarod ar

apirebda. amaze qvemoT...

xaritonis ruseTSi warumatebeli elCobis Semdeg, Te-

iuraz mefe, romelsac samxedro daxmarebis mopoveba pirve-

li rigis amocanad hqonda dasaxuli, iZulebuli gaxda pi-

radad wasuliyo osmaleTSi.

m. svaniZis gamokvleviT, Teimurazi stambolSi wavida

sakmaod momzadebuli, 500 kaciani amaliT da stambolSi Ca-

vida 1622 wlis gazafxulze. iq qarTvelebs arastabiluri

politikuri mdgomareoba daxvdaT: ajanyebulma ianiCrebma

1 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv.

253.

113

sulTani osman II taxtidan Camoagdes, mokles da mis nac-

vlad mustafa I (1622-1623) gaamefes. àm dros osmaleTis sa-

Sinao da sagareo mdgomareoba metad mZime iyo: reC pospo-

litasTan omSi damarcxeba, kazakTa gamudmebuli Tavdasxme-

bi Savi zRvis mcire aziis sanapiroze, ianiCarTa TareSi,

provinciis faSebis amboxebani da sxv. aseT viTarebaSi osma-

leTisagan raime daxmarebis miReba gamoricxuli iyo. piri-

qiT, am dros osmaleTi dainteresebuli iyo iranTan zavis

SenarCunebiT. Teimurazi imedgacruebuli dabrunda stambo-

lidan~1. man isev ruseTs mimarTa da Tavis elCad gagzavna

cnobili saeklesio moRvawe Teodose mangleli.

Teimuraz I-is diplomati Teodose mangleli reviSvili

Teodose manglelis cxovrebisa da mRvaweobis Sesaxeb

mxolod fragmentuli cnobebi gagvaCnia. moskovSi elCad

gamgzavrebamde Mmis saqmianobaze TiTqmis araferi viciT.

Teodoses, rogorc diplomatis moskovSi yofna daem-

Txva saeklesio da politikuri xasiaTis mniSvnelovan mov-

lenas _ viTomdac, yizilbaSebis mier saqarTvelodan waRe-

buli `qristes kvarTis~ Sah abas I-is elCebis mier ruseTis

sataxtoSi Catanas. am movlenam ukana planze gadaswia Tei-

murazis elCis moskovis mTavrobasTan politikuri xasiaTis

molaparakebebi. ruseTis xelmwifis karisa da eklesiis ie-

rarqebis mTeli yuradReba maSindeli saqarTvelos mimarT,

koncentrirebuli iyo Sahis mier gagzavnili saCuqris rao-

bis garkvevaze.

XVII s. 20-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi Sah abasma ruseTis

saqarTvelos urTierTobis sxva mimarTulebiT warmarTvis

provocireba moaxdina, riTac saqarTvelo-ruseTis diploma-

tiurma urTierTobam axali elferi SeiZina.

Sah abasi ruseTis qristiani xelmwifis elCebze zemoq-

1 iqve, gv. 279.

114

medebisaTvis, audienciis dros, viTomc sxvaTa Soris am-

bobda xolme, rom iveriaSi xelT igdo qristes kvarTi,

romlis gagzavna surda didi xelmwifisa da patriarqisaT-

vis. iqve Sahi aRniSnavda, rom am siwmindis dauflebas cdi-

lobda mravali qristiani xelmwife da sTxovda kidec mas,

magram aravis misca1.

unda iTqvas, rom `kvarTis~ sakiTxma, garkveuli mimar-

Tuleba misca, jer ruseT-iranis, Semdeg ki saqarTvelo-ru-

seTis diplomatiur urTierTobas.

Cvens istoriografiaSi gamoTqmulia sxvadasxva mosaz-

reba imis Taobaze Tu rodis SeiZleboda yizilbaSebs sa-

qarTvelodan kvarTi gaetanaT. azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs

is, rom wyaroebSi saerTod ar aris miTiTebuli TariRi da

varaudoben, rom SeiZleboda kvarTi gaetanaT erT-erTi

laSqrobis dros. CemTvis cnobili masalebidan mxolod er-

TSi Cans, rom rusi elCebisaTvis TviT Sah abass uTqvams

kvarTis mopovebis Sesaxeb, magram drois miTiTebis gareSe.

1625 wels iranidan moskovs dabrunebuli elCebi ixseneb-

dnen: 1622 wlis 21 ianvars Sahs rusi elCebis pirveli miRe-

bisas uTqvams, rom mas aqvs qristes perangi da im perangs

ugzavnis did xelmwifes da xelmwifis mamas, moskovisa da

sruliad ruseTis uwmindes patriarqs filaret nikitas Zes.

amgvarad, Sah abasma gadawyvita ruseTis xelmwifis gu-

lic moego da, garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelo-

ruseTis urTierTobac Seeferxebina.

Sah abasma sworad gaTvala. man kargad icoda ruseTis

eklesiisa da samefo karis daintereseba qristianuli siw-

mindeebiT. jer kidev XV s. dasawyisSi ruseTSi Camoyalibe-

buli saxe miiRo religiur-politikurma Teoriam _ `mosko-

vi _ mesame romia~. am Teoriis politikuri mizani iyo ru-

1 Белокуров С. А., Дело о присылке шахом Аббасом Риза Господни царю Михайлу Федоровичу в 1625 г. Сб.: «Московского главного Архива МИД», вып. 5, М., 1893, с. 40; Полиевктов М., Материалы по истории грузино-русских взаимоотношений, с. 80.

115

seTSi erovnuli TviTSegnebis amaRleba, xolo marTlmadi-

deblur, gansakuTrebiT slavianur qveynebSi, kaTolicizmis

winaaRmdeg brZola da ruseTis gavlenis damkvidreba. ami-

tom, religiur-propagandistuli miznebidan gamomdinare,

ruseTis xelisuflebas surda `mesame romSi~ _ moskovSi

Semoekriba qristianTaTvis uZvirfasesi siwmindeebi. rusi

elCebisaTvis, kidev ufro kargad iyo cnobili TavianTi me-

fisa da eklesiis ganwyobileba. amitom maT moskovis dau-

kiTxavad (aRniSvnis Rirsia, rom rusi diplomatebi aravi-

Tar iniciativas ar iCendnen im sakiTxebis mimarT, romelTa

Sesaxeb moskovSi davalebuli ar hqondaT) Sah abass urCies,

rom xelmwifisa da patriarqisaTvis ecnobebina, rom aseT

Zvirfas saCuqars ugzavnida da isini amiT gaxarebuli da

kmayofili darCebodnen1.

rogorc iTqva, 1623 wels ruseTis elCobis erT-erTi

wevri, Tarjimani i. burnaSovi v. korobinis davalebiT, irani-

dan moskovSi dabrunda. burnaSovma saelCo prikazs moaxsena,

rom xelmwifesTan modioda Sahis didi elCi rusan begi, war-

moSobiT qarTveli, elCi bulat begi da vaWari mameselemi.

didi elCi colTan da vaJiSvilTan erTad modiso2. swored

am elCobas daevala diplomatiuri molaparakebis warmoebas-

Tan erTad, kvarTis moskovSi waReba.

`didi~ elCi rusan begi, rusuli wyaroebis mixedviT,

warmoSobiT qarTveli iyo3. rogorc rusan begs uTqvams,

Sahma kvarTi Caabara elCobis erT-erT wevrs, vaWar mamesa-

lems, rom mas oqros zardaxSaSi Cadebuli kvarTi moskovam-

de mietana, rusan begisaTvis gadaeca da es ukanaskneli pa-

triarqs miarTmevda4.

1 Белокуров С. А., Дело о присылке шахом Аббасом Риза господни, c. 40: Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 80. 2 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы,…dok. #19, gv. 154. 3 rusan begis Sesaxeb ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis is-

toria, gori, 2003, gv. 44-47, 64. 4 Белокуров С. А., Дело о присылке шахом Аббасом Риза господни, c. 19-22; Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы,…dok. #30, gv. 167

116

1623 w. 4 noembers jer kidev Samaxidan moskovSi acno-

bes, rom mefesTan da patriarqTan midiodnen Sahis elCebi,

romlebsac mihqondaT Semdegi saCuqrebi: qristes perangi,

iagundis oqros jvrebi, ori oqros geja TvlebiT, oqroTi

da TvlebiT moWedili unagiri, aRviri da sxv.1

saelCo prikazSi molaparakebebis dros (23 marti _ 25

maisi) rusan begma ganacxada, rom igi warmoSobiT qarTvelia

da odesRac saqarTveloSi pirveli kaci iyo. Sahma mas gamoa-

tana werili da zogi ram sityvieradac daabara.

saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebiT rusan begma aRniSna,

rom ruseTis xelmwifis elCebma Sah abass sTxoves, rom maT

Soris megobrobasa da siyvarulis gansamtkiceblad, mefe

Teimurazis mimarT mowyaleba gamoeCina. qarTveli mefisaT-

vis samefo da xalxi daebrunebina, aRar Seeviwrobina, sa-

qarTveloSi aRar SeWriliyo, radgan igi marTlmadideblu-

ri qveyana iyo. amasTan dakavSirebiT Sahma rusan begs ubrZa-

na moskovSi eTqva, rom Teimuraz mefem Sahis winaSe mravali

usamarTloba Caidina, amitom Sahs misi ganadgureba ki ara

morjuleba undoda. Teimuraz mefem Sahis mowyaleba ar

isurva da Sahis mterTan TurqeTis sulTanTan gaiqca. Sahi

amitom ganurisxda da misi saxelmwifoc gaanadgura. axla

moskovis xelmwifes surs, rom Sahma Teimurazs daubrunos

misi saxelmwifo da xalxi. Sah abasi xelmwifes saqarTvlo-

saTvis ki ara, uars ar etyvis sxva raimesTvisac.

rusma boiarebma, rodesac rusan begs imis axsna dauw-

yes, ratom iyo dainteresebuli moskovis xelmwife Teimura-

zisa da misi qveynis daxmarebiT (rom saqarTvelo qristia-

nuli qveyanaa, Teimurazis winaprebma didi xnis winaT dai-

fices ruseTis erTgulebasa da qveSevrdomobaze...), gaRizia-

nebulma Sahis elCma boiarebs ganucxada: `boiarebma saqar-

Tvelos mefesa da saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze masTan ase ar

unda ilaparakon, sircxvilia masTan ase laparaki, is Tvi-

Ton qarTvelia da zustad icis, rom qarTveli mefeebi da

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, dok. #20, gv. 154.

117

saqarTvelos miwa-wyali moskovis didi xelmwife mefeebis

qveSevrdomobaSi arasodes yofilan, saqarTvelos miwa-wya-

li yovelTvis damoukidebeli iyo~1.

Sahis elCis am naTqvamiT rom ukmayofilo darCnen ru-

seTis dipllomatebi, cxadia, magram kidev ufro ukmayofi-

lo darCeboda Sah abasi, romelsac elCobis wevrebi auci-

leblad moaxsenebdnen rusan begis naTqvams. rusan begis

elCobis mizani xom zedmiwevniT naTeli iyo: ruseTis same-

fo karisaTvis daemtkicebina iranis ganuyofeli ufleba sa-

qarTveloze, yovel SemTxvevaSi mis aRmosavleT nawilze ma-

inc da gaemarTlebina Sahis mier aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

ganadgureba. rusan begma ki sruliad sawinaaRmdegos dam-

tkiceba scada, rac albaT, sxva mizezebi rom ar gaexsenebi-

naT, es erTic sakmarisi iqneboda mis dasasjelad. rogorc

qvemoT davinaxavT, rusan begma SemdegSi Secvala saqarTve-

los mimarT Tavisi naTqvami.

boiarebma maSinve gaaprotestes Sahis elCis sityvebi,

saqarTvelos mefeebis rusT xelmwifis qveSevrdomad yof-

nis uaryofis Sesaxeb. boiarebs, ara mxolod Sahis elCis

winaSe, aramed saqveynod SeuZliaT ganacxadon, rom simar-

Tles amboben da, rom amis damadasturebeli beWeddasmuli

dokumenti samefo xazinaSi inaxeba. maTi TqmiT, moskovSi

arc ki icodnen raze hqonda Teimuraz mefes SahTan uTan-

xmoeba da ratom gaanadgura Sahma misi miwa-wyali. axla,

rodesac elCi ambobs Sahis brZanebaze, rom Teimuraz mefe

masTan mivides da igi mas Tavis miwa-wyals daubrunebso,

rusebi amis Sesaxeb qarTvel mefes gaagebineben. Teimurazi

rom rusi xelmwifeebis qveSevrdomi ar iyves, maSin mixeil

Tedores Ze Sahis winaSe ar gamoesarCleboda. xom cnobi-

lia, rom mefe boris Tedores Zem yumuxebSi Tavisi jari

gagzavna osmalTagan qarTveli mefeebis dasacavad.

winaT, rus diplomatebTan saubarSi, rusan begma Tqva,

rom saqarTvelo yovelTvis damoukidebeli qveyana iyo. axla,

1 iqve, dok. #21, gv. 154-155.

118

rusebis mier moxmobili argumentis sawinaaRmdego rom vera-

feri moifiqra, saqarTvelo iranis qveSevrdomad gamoacxada:

`marTalia, rom xelmwifis jari imyofeboda yumuxebis qveya-

naSi, magram saqarTvelos miwa-wyali Sahs emorCilebodao~.

boiarebi da Sahis elCi mtkiced idgnen TavianT pozi-

ciebze da daTmobas arc erTi mxare ar apirebda. boiarebis

azriT, Sahs rac undoda ukve gaakeTa, saqarTvelo gaanadgu-

ra, axla Tavi daanebos da RvTis anabarad datovos. rusan

begma amaze upasuxa: ìs TviTon qarTvelia da saqarTvelos

miwa-wylisaTvis cuds ar moindomebs, magram Sahis sityvebs

gaimeorebs: qarTveli mefe Teimurazi Sahis winaSe damnaSave

rom ar yofiliyo, maSin mas ar daemarTeboda is, rac dae-

marTa. radganac mosaxdeni ukve moxda, [Teimurazi] SahTan

unda wasuliyo da ara sulTanTan. Sahis didebuleba did

xelmwifes wnaaRmdegobas ar gauwevs da yvelafers ise gaa-

keTebs rogorc mefis didebulebas surs~1. rusan begs ar

moswons Teimuraz I-is sagareo politika. is brals sdebs

kaxeTis mefes Sah abasis mier misi samefos ganadgurebaSi.

Sah abasis mier rusan begis moskovSi `did~ elCad gag-

zavna, ganpirobebuli iyo elCis eTniuri qarTvelobiT. Sah

abass surda rusebisaTvis eCvenebina Tavisi kargi ganwyobi-

leba qarTvelebisadmi. qarTveli diplomatis mier mirTmeu-

li saCuqris mimarTac moskovis mTavrobas meti ndoba eqne-

boda. sxvagvarad ver aixsneba rusan begis elCad SerCeva,

radgan igi ar gamoirCeoda arc adamianuri da arc diplo-

matisaTvis aucilebeli TvisebebiT. man tragikulad daas-

rula sicocxle.

iranisa da ruseTis diplomatebi qristes `kvarTis~

moskovSi Catanis faqtis Tavisebur interpretacias ax-

dendnen da masSi TavianTTvis sasurvel Sinaarss debdnen.

kvarTis irgvliv atexil aJiotaJi rogorc Sahs, ise xelmwi-

fes TavianTi politikuri da saeklesio interesebis gansa-

xorcieleblad esaWireobodaT.

1 iqve, gv. 156.

119

Sah abass `kvarTis~ saqarTvelodan waRebiT da misi

moskovSi gagzavniT surda: 1. ruseTi daerwmunebina, rom sa-

qarTveloze misi ganuyofeli ufleba vrceldeboda; 2. qris-

tes `kvarTis ~ saqarTvelodan gatanis Semdeg kiTxvis niSnis

qveS dgeboda am qveynis qristianulad darCena; 3. ruseTs xe-

lidan gamoecleboda erTmorwmuneobis sababiT saqarTvelo-

saTvis gamosarClebis SesaZlebloba, romelic iranis xeli-

suflebas garkveul sirTuleebs uqmnida.

ruseTis xelisufalTa gagebiT: 1. `kvarTis~ saqarTve-

lodan ruseTSi gadatana, simbolurad, saqarTvelos ruse-

Tis Zalauflebis qveS moqcevas moaswavebda. 2. radgan es aq-

cia iranis Sahis surviliTa da iniciativiT ganxorcielda,

ise gamodioda, rom irani ruseTs saqarTveloze gavlenis

gavrcelebaSi aRar unda Secileboda.

Znelia imis Tqma, `kvarTis~ moskovSi gagzavnis Semdeg

rogor warimarTeboda ruseT-iranis urTierToba, Sah abass

didxans rom ecocxla. movlenebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis

mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, savaraudoa, Sah abasis memkvidre-

ebs misi am moqmedebis gaxseneba usiamovnebas hgvridaT.

`kvarTTan~ dakavSirebuli ambebi gvarwmunebs, rom Sahi-

sagan gagzvnili saCuqris mier moskovSi `gamocdis~ warmarma-

tebiT Cabarebis miuxedavad, mainc rCeboda eWvi: namdvilad

iyo Tu ara igi is, romelic qristes emosa jvarcmis win1.

sainteresoa, jer moskovSi da Semdeg ruseTSi gavrce-

lebuli erTi antiqarTuli suliskveTebis Tqmuleba (àmbavi

Cveni uflis ieso qristes perangisa~), romelic, savaraudoa,

SeTxzulia XVII saukunis meore meoTxedSi. masSi uaRresad

Taviseburad da tendeciurad aris gadmocemuli saqarTvelo-

Si kvarTis motanis istoria, kvarTis mier saswaulebis mox-

dena, rogor amoizarda zeTisxilis xe eliozis disa da

kvarTis dakrZalvis adgilas, xedan moedineboda mironi da

1 Брайловский С., Новый вариант повести о ризе Господа нашего Иисуса Христа. «Библиограф», СПб., 1889, №1, с. 20-21. `Tqmulebis~ sruli teq-

sti da misi komentari, ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis is-

toria, gv. 71-72.

120

sxv. `magram qarTvelebs sixarbe moeriaT da daiwyes mironis

gayidva, didZal Semosavals ki iTvisebdnen. RmerTi gan-

risxda maTze da is xe gaaxmo.… xelmwife mixeil Teodores

Zis dros gaigzavnen elCebi yizilbaSTa mefesTan. yizil-

baSTa mefes mtroba hqonda qarTvel mefesTan. yizilbaSTa

mefe wavida saomrad saqarTveloze da dado fici, rom Tu

RmeTi Semeweva, yvelafers sabednierod gavugzavni Cems Zmas,

moskovis xelmwifes. daexmara RmerTi (Sah abass_e.m.) saqarT-velos dapyrobaSi da Rirseulad daeufla perangs. man uf-lis perangi moskovSi gagzavna. mefe-xelmwife mixeil Teodo-

res Zem da uwmindesma patriarqma filaretma uflis perangi

moaTavse miZinebis sakrebulo eklesiaSi~. Sah abasis mier moskovSi patriarqisa da xelmwifisaT-

vis gagzavnili saCuqris mimarT eWvis warmoSobaSi, iyo Tu

ara igi namdvilad qristes kvarTi, didi roli Seasrula

orma qarTvelma erTmaneTis mowinaaRmdege banakebidan _ Te-

imuraz mefis elCma, arqiepiskoposma Teodosem da Sah abasis

elCma _ rusan begma. ruseTis eklesia da politikuri moR-

vaweni didi xnis ganmavlobaSi cdilobdnen daedginaT ras

warmoadgenda sinamdvileSi Sah abasis mier moskovSi gag-

zavnili qsovili da ra iyo is xelTuqmneli da TvaliT ux-

ilavi, romelic sveticxovlis taZarSi ganisvenebda.

rusan begis moskovSi yofnis dros, iq imyofeboda Tei-

muraz mefis elCi Teodose mangleli reviSvili. rusul sa-

buTebSi qarTveli elCi Sesaxeb pirveli cnoba Cdeba 1624 w.

zafxulSi. imave wlis 27 ivliss moskovSi miiRes rusi elCe-

bis mier Tergidan gagzavnili werili, romliTac acnobeb-

dnen Sah abasis mier saqarTvelodan waRebuli qristes kvar-

Tis ruseTis xelmwifisa da patriarqisaTvis gagzavnas. imave

dRes, aRniSnul werilze, gaCnda warwera: `moelaparakeT qar-

Tvel elCs da hkiTxeT mas qristes kvarTis Sesaxeb~1.

ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa uwyebis masalebis mixedviT,

1 Белокуров С. А., Дело о присылке шахом Аббасом Риза господни, c. 43; Полиевктов М., Материалы по истории грузино-русских взаимоотношений, с. 83.

121

qarTvel elCs Teodose erqva da episkoposi iyo. igi mos-

kovSi Cavida 1624 wlis 14 marts. imave Tvis 16 marts, xel-

mwifis brZanebiT, Teodoses gamosakiTxad gaigzavnen o. Sa-

xovi da berZnulis mcodne s. kamenevi. misgan unda gaegoT

visgan da ra mizniT Cavida Teodose moskovSi. man ganacxa-

da, rom saqarTvelos mefe Teimurazis davalebiT Camovida,

manamde ki, osmaleTSi imyofeboda, iranis agresiisagan Tavi-

si mefis dacvis saTxovnelad. osmaleTidan mobrunebul Te-

odoses, Teimurazma ruseTis xelmwifesTan wasvla ubrZana.

misi mogzauroba daiwyo Cildiridan, saqarTvelos mosaz-

Rvre qalaqidan, romelic winaT saqarTvelos mefes ekuT-

vnoda, axla ki sulTnisaao1.

moskovamde mgzavroba TiTqmis erTi weli gagrZelda.

Teodose Cildiridan gavida 1623 wlis martSi, trapizonamde

xmeleTiT imogzaura, aprilis 20-Si mivida konstantinopol-

Si, saidanac rus elCebTan _ ivane kondirevTan da tixon

bormasovTan erTad mgzavroba gaagrZela, maTTan erTad gaia-

ra kafa, azovi, voroneJamde rus elCebTan erTad md. doniT

imogzaura2, 1624 w. martSi moskovSi mivida3.

elCobaSi sami sasuliero piri imyofeboda: TviT Teo-

dose (elCobis xelmZRvaneli), aTonis simon-petras monas-

tris arqimandriti arseni, romelic damwvari monastris aR-

sadgenad mowyalebas iTxovda. mas Tan hqonda konstantino-

polis patriarqis kirle lukarisis sigeli. elCobis mesame

wevri iyo qarTveli arqidiakoni kirile4.

1 Положение Ризи господней (10 июля). «Воскресное чтение», издаваемый при Киевской Духовной Академии, №14, 1840, с. 62. 2 Там же, с. 63. 3 n. nakaSiZe n. a. smirnovis naSromze (Смирнов Н. А., Россия и Турция в XVI-XVII вв., в двух томах, «Ученные записки МГУ им. Ломоносова», вып. 94, М., 1946, т. II, с. 17) dayrdnobiT aRniSnavda, rom Teodose 1623 w. de-

kemberSi rus elCebTan erTad mivida moskovSi (Накашидзе Н., Грузино-русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, Тб., 1968, с. 82), rac simarTles ar Seefereba. 4 Положение Ризи господней (10 июля), c. 67-68, 98.

122

arqimandriti arseni, konstantinopolis patriarqis mi-

er gagzavnili, albaT, patriarqis saxeliT ruseTis xelmwi-

fes Teimurazis Sewevnasac iTxovda. rac Seexeba qarTvel

arqidiakon kiriles, misi ufleba-movaleobani masalebSi ar

Cans, maSin rodesac is oficialuri vizitebis dros yovel-

Tvis Teodoses da arsenis gverdiT iyo. elCobas axlda 4

kaci: 2 qarTveli _ mixeili da da vasili da 2 berZeni _ ki-

rile da Toma1.

Teodosem moskovSi saCuqrad Caitana Zvirfasi Tvlebi-

Ta da margalitebiT gawyobili oqros jvari, romelSic Se-

reuli iyo cxovelmyofeli uflis jvris nawili. jvris sa-

nawileSi ewyo: RvTismSoblis kvarTis nawili, ioane RvTis-

metyvelis Tma, ioane oqropiris nawilebi, wm. plakidos nawi-

lebi, wm. giorgis nawilebi, wm. Teodore stratilatis nawi-

lebi, wm. pirvelwodebuli stefane arqidiakvnis nawilebi,

qva im mTidan, sadac 40 dRe marxulobda ufali, uflis saf-

lavidan Camotexili qva da sxv. agreTve oqroTi da TvlebiT

gawyobili fari, vercxlis aRviri mooqrovili samkerdeTi2.

zemoxsenebul o. Saxovsa da s. kamenevs daevalaT ru-

seTSi dasaxlebul berZen neqtariusTan, romelic vologdi-

sa da velikopermis arqiepiskoposi iyo, gaerkviaT vin iyo

qarTveli arqiepiskoposi Teodose. neqtariusma Tqva, rom nam-

dvilad icnobda qarTvel elCs, rogorc patiosan, keTil da

mtkice marTlmadidebels. man isic icoda, rom Teodose epis-

koposad akurTxa im kaTalikosma, romlis daniSnulicaa yve-

la maRali Tanamdebobis piri saqarTveloSi. neqtariusis

TqmiT, Teodoses ukeT, 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi, icnobda mona-

zoni ioanikei3, romelic ierusalimis patriarqebs sofroni-

ussa (1579-1608) da Teofaniss (1608-1644) orjer gaugzavniaT

saqarTveloSi mowyalebis Sesagroveblad4. maSasadame, ioani-

1 Там же, с. 68. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы… c. 65. 3 Положение Ризи господней (10 июля), c. 65-66. 4 Там же, с. 66.

123

kei saqarTveloSi unda yofiliyo 1600-1608/9 wlebs Soris.

mas saSualeba hqonda piradad gascnoboda Tanamedrove mra-

val qarTvel moRvawes da saqarTvelos ambebSic kargad gar-

kveuliyo. Teodoses moskovSi yofnis dros ioanikei am qala-

qis mkvidri iyo da arqiepiskopos neqtariusTan erTad, ro-

gorc rusuli masalebidan irkveva, moskovis xelisufalT

saqarTvelos saqmeebis kvalificiur eqspertebad miaCndaT.

marTlac, ioanikeim friad saintereso cnobebi warmoa-

Cina Teodoses Sesaxeb. kerZod, Tqva, rom Teodose qarTveli,

arqiepiskoposi ki ara episkoposi iyo, 20 welze met xans ie-

rusalimis uflis saflavis eklesiaSi patriarq sofronius-

Tan gaatara, amJamad is Tavis mamulSi _ qiziySi (Кизиках) cxovrobs da mas emorCileba 25-ze meti arqiepiskoposi da

episkoposi1. ioanikeis monaTxrobidan Cans, man ar icoda, rom

roca rus moxeleebs aRniSnul informacias awvdidda, Teo-

dose im dros moskovSi imyofeboda.

Teodose, rogorc TviTon uTqvams, moskovSi adrec, me-

fe Tedores drosac yofila. is ierusalimidan golgoTis

episkopos epifanes, ierusalimis patriarqis sofromis mier

ruseTSi gagzavnil arqimandrits, ierusalimis wm. sabas mo-

nastris monazons da ramdenime bers, rusT xelmwifesTan

mowyalebis saTxovnelad wahyolia. maTi moskovSi yofnisas

gardaicvala mefe Tedore da isini mefe boris godunovma

gaistumra. radgan Teodose moskoviidan saqarTveloSi da-

brunda da kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-s boris godunovis

sapasuxo werili moutana, 1599 an maxlobel wels2. naTeli

xdeba, rom igi moskovSi am mefis mier gagzavnili iyo.

Teodose, safiqrebelia, gawafuli diplomati iyo da,

radgan mas rusebTan urTierTobis gamocdilebac hqonda,

Teimuraz I-ma 1623 wels elCad gagzavna moskovSi.

ioanikeim Teodoses cxovrebisa da saqmianobis bolo

periodze, ra Tqma unda, aRar icoda, radgan, rogorc is

1 Там же, с. 67. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis istoria, gv. 50.

124

1624 wels TviTon ambobda, saqarTveloSi 16 wlis winaT, e.

i. 1608-1609 wlebSi iyo. sabolood moskovSi dasaxlda da

amis Semdeg man aRaraferi icoda Teodoses Sesaxeb. ro-

gorc misi monaTxrobidan Cans, mas Teodoseze ki ara 1609

wlis Semdgomi periodis saqarTveloSi momxdar ambebze

warmodgena ar hqonda.

sainteresoa, rom saTaTbiroSi misuli Teodose mdivan-

ma ivane gramotinma waradgina, rogorc ìerusalimis wminda

golgoTis mTisa da cxovelmyofeli jvris monastris~ arqie-

piskoposi, romelic moskovSi mowyalebis saTxovnelad mivi-

da da mefesa da patriarqs Teimuraz mefis sigelebi miutana.

es cnoba dagvexmareba SedarebiT srulyofilad aRvadginoT

Teodoses biografiis zogierTi momenti mainc1.

rogorc iTqva, Teimuraz I Tavisi politikuri da dip-

lomatiuri miznebisaTvis xSirad iyenebda ierusalimSi moR-

vawe qarTvel da berZen ganaTlebul, enebis mcodne sasulie-

ro pirebs, razedac SemdegSi dawvrilebiT iTqmeva.

davubrundeT Teodoses. XVII s. pirvel naxevarSi ie-

rusalimSi moRvaweobda episkoposi Teodose mangleli re-

viSvili, ierusalimis jvaris monastris winamZRvari. is uax-

loesi TanaSemwe iyo nikifore irbaxis (nikoloz ColoyaS-

vili). Teodose, qarTuli da rusuli wyaroebis mixedviT,

iyo mangleli, jvris monastrisa da golgoTis (aRdgomis

eklesiis) episkoposi. am ukanaskneli Tanamdebobis Sesaxeb

vigebT misi naTqvamidan i. gramotinTan. radgan Teodose

(Tevdose) saqarTvelosa da ierusalimSi zogierT qarTul

da araqarTul monasters ganagebda, es Teimuraz mefes uf-

lebas aZlevda Tavisi elCi arqiepiskoposad gamoecxadebina.

ufro swored, Teodose moskovSi gamgzavrebis win am ran-

gSi aamaRla, magram elCobis warumateblad dasrulebis

Semdeg isev CamoaqveiTa. es mxolod varaudia, ucilobeli

ki is aris, rom sicocxlis bolomde Teodose episkoposi

iyo. isic SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Teodose golgoTaze, ker-

1 iqve, gv. 51-57.

125

Zod, aRdgomis eklesiaSi moRvawe ukanasknel qarTvelebs

ganekuTvneboda.

Teodose 1619 wels saqarTveloSi Camovida da ierusa-

limis eklesia-monastrebis ekonimikur problemebs agvareb-

da1. magram, savaraudoa, is Teimuraz mefem sxva mizniTac dai-

bara. am dros Teimurazi osmaleTSi imyofeboda da iranis

agresiisagan Tavdasacavad daxmarebis miRebis molodinSi,

1618 wels sulTnis mier iranis winaaRmdeg mowyobil la-

SqrobaSic ki monawileobda. pietro dela vales TqmiT, ro-

melic Sahs axlda da amdenad TviTmxilveli iyo saomari

moqmedebebisa, osmaleTma da yirimis saxanom iranis winaaR-

mdeg saomari moqmedeba Teimuraz mefis daJinebuli moT-

xovniT daiwyes. osmaleTis jarma, Tavdapievelad seriozul

warmatebas miaRwia, iranis samflobeloebis siRrmeSi SeiWra

da ardebils miadga. radgan es qalaqi sparselebis wminda

adgilia, Teimurazs gansakuTrebiT misi gadawva undoda, ra-

Ta Suri eZia sparselebis mier ganadgurebuli qarTuli taZ-

rebisaTvis2. magram osmalebma saboloo warmateba ver moipo-

ves. Teimurazi sulTnis mier naboZeb mamulSi dabrunda.

osmalTa warumatebeli laSqrobis Sedegi gansakuTre-

biT mZime da tragikuli TeimurazisaTvis iyo. rusuli wya-

ros mixedviT, brZolis dros Teimurazi cxenidan Camougdi-

aT. informatori, amitom ambobs: `cnobili ar aris (Teimu-

razma _e.m.) brZolidan gaaRwia Tu mokles~3. Sahma Teimuraz-

ze Suri imiT iZia, rom misi ori vaJi daasaWurisebina, ris

gamoc levani gardaicvala, xolo aleqsandre ki Wkuidan

SeiSala4.

1 metreveli e., masalebi ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis istorii-

saTvis (XI-XVII ss.), Tb., 1962, gv. 130. 2 Ppietro dela vale, gv. 50. 3 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, dok. #17, gv. 150. rusuli wyaros cnoba Te-

imurazis kinaRam daRupvis Sesaxeb sxva wyaroebiT ar dasturdeba. 4 jovani tadeo de san elizeo Sah abasis daxasiaTebisas aRniSnavs

misi garegnobis, Cacmulobis, xasiaTis, gamWriaxobis Sesaxeb. Sahs

Zlier yvarebia xelosnoba da sxvadasxva sagnebs Tavis xeliT am-

126

Sah abasi rogor atyuebda rus elCebs da saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb dezinformacias awvdida, amis sailustraciod Sem-

degi magaliTi gamogvadgeba: 1622 wlis TebervalSi Sah abas-

ma mazanderanis q. aSrafSi rus elCebs korobinsa da kuvSi-

novs meored miRebisas, TiTqos Teimurazis vaJebi aCvena1 da

isic ki aRuTqva, rom Tu kaxeTis mefe kaxeTs CamoSordebo-

da, mas samefos, dedas da Svilebs daubrunebda2. am dros

rom Teimurazis vaJebi cocxlebi aRar iyvnen, amas adastu-

rebs pietro dela vale, rodesac SirazSi myofi qeTevan

dedoflis Sesaxeb gadmogvcems. 1622 wels qeTevanma jer ki-

dev ar icoda Tavisi SviliSvilebis tragikuli aRsasruli.

pietro dela vale wers: `Cemi iq (SirazSi _e.m.) yofnis

dros maTma bebiam (qeTevanma _e.m.) amis Sesaxeb ar icoda;

raTa igi gansakuTrebiT ar daemwuxrebinaT, amis Sesaxeb ar

uTxres da roca me SirazSi viyavi da SemTxveva mqonda mis

msaxurebs Sevxvedrodi, pirveli ris Sesaxebac gamafrTxi-

les, is iyo, rom misTvis ar meTqva es cudi siaxle~3.

Sahi, ra Tqma unda, rus elCebs atyuebda. vin gaarkvevs

maT visi Svilebi aCvena. rogorc is ymawvilebi iyvnen namdvi-

li kaxT batonis Svilebi, ise namdvili iyo mis mier rusT

xelmwifisa da patriarqisaTvis gagzavnil qristes `kvarTi~.

sxvaTa Soris, zogierTi damkvirvebeli Tvlida, rom

Sah abas I-is mier qeTevan dedoflis dasjis gadawyvetilebis

miReba, daaCqara ruseTis xelmwifis Carevam. rogorc Cans, am-

zadebda. ìgi srulyofilad flobda im drois yvela xelosnobas

da Tu rames ver akeTebda, imis fasi mainc icoda. sxva xelosnoba-

Ta Soris, rasac Sahi aseve flobs, es aris kastrireba, rasac igi

didi siamovnebiT akeTebda sakuTari xeliT da imdenad moxdeni-

lad, rom iSviaTad Tu vinme momkvdara mis xelSi am operaciis

dros~. tabaRua i., dasax, naSr., II, gv. 68. 1 saqarTvelodan `garna uku iqca ra… da TviT misrulman aSrafs

waravlinna deda da Zeni Teimurazisani Sirazs patimrad, romelni

ganjidamve waravlinna aSrafs~. qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 587. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы,…с. 79-80, 87. 3 pietro dela vale, gv. 54,

127

gvari mosazreba farTod iyo gavrcelebuli. pietro dela

vale werda: ` Teimurazi bevri ecada, magram amaod, gamoexsna

Tavisi deda am (moskovis _e.m.) mTavris SemweobiT, romelic

iyo megobari iranis xelmwifisa da romelic xSirad ugzav-

nida am ukanasknels despanebs. zogierTebi fiqroben, iqneba

arc usafuZvlod, rom am garemoebam moakvlevinao iranis

xelmwifes qeTevan dedofali, radganac misi gaSveba ar un-

dodao, da ar gaeSva ar iqnebodao; amisaTvis mas dedofali

an unda ZaliT gaexada mahmadianad da maSin SeeZlo misi gaS-

veba Tavidam aecilebina da bodiSis mosaxdeli mizezic eqne-

boda, anda, rogorc marTladac hqmna, unda moekla~1.

qeTevan dedoflis mowamebrivi sakvdilis amsaxvel ano-

nimur moTxrobaSic naTqvamia: `ramdenime xnis Semdeg, gaerkva

ra saqmeSi, moskovis didma mTavarma dimitrim, Teimuraz xa-

nis megobarma, SahTan elCoba gagzavna da Txova mas mowyale-

ba, mieca Tavisufleba qeTevan dedoflisaTvis da am elCTan

erTad gaegzavna igi masTan. mixvda Sahi, rom amaSi Teimuraz

xanis xeli eria da daayovna ra TavisTan moskovis elCi sa-

erTo da gaugebari saubrebiT, TviTon didi saidumloebiT

da saswrafod gagzavna sami laSqari zusti brZanebiT, raTa

maT, SirazSi CasvlisTanave enaxaT dedofali da miecaT mis-

Tvis winadadeba: gamxdariyo mavri [gamahmadianebuliyo] an ua-

ris SemTxvevaSi, mas moklaven gavarvarebuli rkinis maSebiT.

Sahis ganzraxva iyo Semdegi: Tu qeTevan dedofali mi-

iRebda mahmadianobas, Sahi moskovitebs upasuxebda, rom ar

SeuZlia gasces is, ramdenadac misi kanoni amas krZalavs,

xolo Tu mas moklaven, Sahi upasuxebda, rom dedofali uk-

ve gardaicvala. ai es meore pasuxi misca Sahma moskovel

elCs sabolood, aiZula ra igi daejera, rom dedofali

namdvilad gardaicvala bunebrivi sikvdiliT~2.

1 iqve, gv, 54-55. 2 dokumentebi, gv. 407, #54. Nnasrola falsafis Sah abasze daweri-

li naSromis meore tomSi moyvanili aqvs mogoneba pietro dela

valesi, romelsac 1618 wels Sahis specialuri nebarTviT dauTva-

128

davubrundeT Teodoses. rogorc iTqva, igi 1619 wels

saqarTveloSi imyofeboda da aqve unda darCeniliyo 1623

wlis martamde, vidre moskovs gaemgzavreboda. 1624 wlis 14

marts is moskovSi Cavida, sadac daaxloebiT oTxi Tve dar-

Ca, 7 ivliss xelmwifes daemSvidoba da, albaT, ramdenime

dRis Semdeg samSoblosken gamoeSura. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Te-

odose moskovSi `kvarTis~ mitanas ar daswrebia1.

Teodoses mogzauroba (moskovSi yofnis dros CaT-

vliT) gagrZelda oTxi weli raime dadebiTi Sedegis gare-

Se, ris gamo mas Teimuraz mefe ganurisxda. Teodose ieru-

salimSi gaiqca. Teodoses es Tavgadasavali nikifore berZe-

nis, Teimurazis sxva elCis mier moskovSi xelmwifisaTvis

wardgenil TxovnaSi iyo gadmocemuli2.

nikifore berZeni, ra Tqma unda, viTarebis kidev ufro

dramatizirebas cdilobda. TeimurazisaTvis, mis mdgomareo-

baSi myofi adamianisaTvis, miT umetes mefisaTvis, TiToeul

wels ki ara, erT dResac garkveuli mniSvneloba hqonda da

srulebiTac ar aris gasakvirveli, rom is Tavisi elCisagan

moqmedebaSi siswrafes da moqnilobas moiTxovda. magram mos-

kovSi warmatebis mopoveba mxolod elCebze rom ar iyo da-

mokidebuli, amaSi dagvarwmunebs nikifore arqimandritis

saqmianobis gadaxedva3.

Teodoses vinaobaze msjelobis dawyebis win iTqva,

rom moskovis sagareo saqmeTa uwyebaSi iranidan wamosuli

rusi elCebis moxsenebis miRebisTanave gadawyda kvarTTan

dakavSirebiT molaparakebodnen qarTvel elCs Teodoses.

lierebia Sahis sasaxle, sadac im dros darbazebisa da oTaxebis

Semkoba-moxatva mimdinareobda. erT-erT darbazSi, erT mxares, mas

unaxavs Sahis fexebTan garTxmuli qeTevan dedoflis suraTi, ro-

melic Sahs evedreboda xeli aeRo misi samSoblos gaveraneba dar-

bevaze (ucxouri literaturis referatuli krebuli, gv. 21). 1 sawinaaRmdego mosazreba ix. Накашидзе Н., Грузино-русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, c. 82. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis istoria, gv. 55-56. 3 Полиевктов М., Материалы… c. 101-141.

129

magram masalebSi ar Cans, rodis moxda masTan Sexvedra. vi-

ciT, rom 1624 wlis 4 ivniss Teodose da elCobis sxva wev-

rebi xelmwifesTan miRebaze iyvnen. imave dRes Teodose mi-

iwvies saTaTbiroSi da mdivan i. gramotins zogadad esaub-

ra sxvadasxva politikur sakiTxze, kerZod, ruseT-saqarTve-

losa da saqarTvelo-iranis urTierTobaze. amis Semdeg isi-

ni gadavidnen konkretul sakiTxebze, magram raze, ar Cans.

mxolod SeniSvnaa: `saelCos mdivans gramotins nabrZanebi

hqonda amis Semdeg arqiepiskoposTan elaparaka saidumlo

saqmeze. Canawerebi... ivane gramotinTanaa~1. albaT, aq Sewyda

sagareo uwyebaSi 4 ivnisis Sexvedra, xolo 27 ivniss rusi

elCebis mier Tergidan gamogzvnili werilis miRebisTanave

gadawyda TeodosesTan molaparakeba kvarTis Sesaxeb. Teo-

doses ganmartebebs mosdevs im saCuqrebisa da maTi fasebis

CamonaTvali, romlebiTac daajildoves elCobis wevrebi da,

bolos moyvanilia Teimuraz mefisaTvis gasagzavni werilis

teqsti, daTariRebuli 1624 w. 4 ivnisiT2.

amgvarad, sagareo saqmeTa uwyebis arqivis `saqarTve-

los saqmeebSi~ gaerTianebulia erTi Tvis (4.VI _ 4.VII) gan-

mavlobaSi warmoebuli molaparakebebi. bunebrivia, arqiepis-

kopos TeodosesTan saubari kvarTis Sesaxeb, rusi elCebis

moxsenebaze gakeTebul 27 ivnisis warweraze adre ver Se-

dgeboda. es unda momxdariyo erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi, 27

ivnisidan 4 ivlisamde ganvlil droSi, magram konkretulad

rodis, amis Tqma ver xerxdeba.

i. gramotinis mier qristes kvarTis Sesaxeb dasmul kiT-

xvebze, Teodosem iseTi pasuxebi gasca, rom ara mxolod rusi

diplomati, aramed ruseTis xelisuflebac kidev ufro gaur-

kvevlobaSi Caayena. Teodoses pasuxebs axla aRar Sevexebi3,

mxolod imas aRvniSnav, rogori reaqcia mohyva mis naTqvams.

1 Там же, с. 89. 2 Там же, с. 89-93. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis istoria, gv. 58-60.

130

Teodoses monaTxrobi pirvel rigSi gvarwmunebs, rom

igi SorsmWvreteli politikosi ar iyo. man, ra Tqma unda,

mSvenivrad icoda sveticxovlis taZrisa da kvarTis istoria,

magram Segnebulad cdilobda daemaxinjebina sayovelTaod

cnobili faqtebi. man ruseTis xelisuflebas SesTavaza axali

versia kvarTis saqarTveloSi motanisa da mis Semdgom bedze.

rogor SeiZleba avxsnaT Teodoses mier uaryofa im

istoriuli tradiciisa, romelic cnobili iyo rogorc sa-

qarTveloSi ise misi sazRvrebs gareT. safiqrebelia, rode-

sac Teodosem SeniSna is aJiotaJi, romelic Sahis mier

`kvarTis~ moskovSi gagzavniT Seiqmna, viTarebis Rrma ana-

lizis gareSe, TeimurazTan SeuTanxmeblad, wamoiwyo dip-

lomatiuri TamaSi, romlis mizani moskovis mTavrobis saer-

To, saqarTvelos politikisa da religiis sakiTxebisadmi

yuradRebis mxolod kaxeTis samefosa da Teimurazze gada-

tana iyo. Teodosis amgvarma maqsimalisturma poziciam sa-

surveli Sedegi ar gamoiRo. rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT,

moskovSi mixvdnen, rom qarTveli elCi kvarTze saubrisas

tyuoda, rac seriozul gavlenas moaxdenda molaparakebis

msvlelobasa da Sedegze.

Teodosma saWirod CaTvala uareyo Sah abasis mier sa-

qarTvelodan `kvarTis~ gatana. am dros (1623-1625 ww.) radgan

Teimuraz I mxolod kaxeTis mefe iyo, qarTlze, kerZod,

mcxeTaze misi xelisufleba ar vrceldeboda, amitom saWi-

ro iyo iseTi versiis Seqmna, romelic kaxeTSi kvarTis ar-

sebobas sarwmunos gaxdida da amiT moskovis kaxeTiT dain-

teresebas gamoiwvevda. Teodoses naTqvamSi, logikurad,

TiTqos yvelaferi sworad iyo, magram man ver gaiTvaliswi-

na, rom moskovSi bevri ram icodnen saqarTvelos eklesiisa

da siwmindeebis Sesaxeb.

Teodoses isic unda gaeTvaliswinebina, rom moskovSi,

sxva qarTuli samefoebTan SedarebiT, sruli informacia

swored kaxeTze hqondaT.

Teodosem ruseTis xelmwifes mixeil Tedores Zes da

mis mamas, patriarq filaret nikitas Zes, Teimuraz mefis

berZnulad dawerili werilebi miutana. Teodose berZnulad

131

TviTonac laparakobda da man mweral a. Saxovsa da Tarji-

man s. kamenevs1 am enaze mokled mouTxro Teimurazis cxov-

rebis bolo periodze, Sah abasis saqarTveloSi laSqrobe-

bis dasawyisidan Tavis moskovSi gamgzavrebamde. kerZod, man

Tqva, rom rodesac Sahma saqarTvelo gaanadgura da Teimu-

raz mefe gaaZeva, man osmaleTis sulTan ahmed I-Tan (1603-

1617) Teodose gagzavna, raTa sulTans kaxeTis mefe daecva

da mis dasaxmareblad jari gagzavna. Teodoses isic uT-

qvams, rom Teimuraz mefe amJamad saqarTvelos sazRvris

maxloblad olTisSi, namurdanSi (namurakiani?), artaanSi

da maTs mimdebare dabebsa da soflebSi cxovrobs. masTan

imyofeba da emsaxureba saqarTvelodan wayolili mravali

qveSevrdomi da 12 aTasi meomari. qarTveli mefis samsaxur-

Su yofilan dasaxelebul qalaqebSi mcxovrebi Turqebic2.

xelmwifis brZanebiT, vidre arqiepiskoposi Teodose

masTan audienciaze mividoda, manamde saTaTbiros diaks iva-

ne gramotins unda Sexvedroda da Teimuraz mefis im sai-

dumlo danabarebze esaubra, romelic xelmwifisa da pat-

rirqisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili. Teodoses, rom saidumlo da-

nabarebic hqonda, amis Sesaxeb Teimurazi Tavis sigelSic

swerda: gTxovT Cemi elCi miiRoT `Cems magier im saidumlo

saubrisaTvis, romlis Cawera am werilSi ar SeiZleboda~.

Teimuraz mefe, elCis mier moskovSi Catanil sigelSic

aRniSnavda, rom arqiepiskopos Teodoses ruseTis xelmwifes-

Tan agzavnida im sigelis sapasuxod, romelic man Teimurazs

gamougzavna misive elCis, xaritonis xeliT.

Teimurazma icoda, rom ruseTs ar siamovnebda kaxeTis

mefis osmaleTTan urTierToba da, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,

rusi diplomatebi da informatorebi Tvals adevnebdnen am

urTierTobis ganviTarebas. roca Teimurazi darwmunda, rom

1 es is s. kamenevia, romelmac 1605 wlis 12 marts konstantinesgan

mokluli aleqsandre II kaxTa mefe da ufliswuli giorgi ixila.

Белокуров C. А., Сношения России с Кавказом, с. 485. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы,…с. 63.

132

osmaleTs iranis winaaRmdeg brZolis da qarTveli mefis

interesebis dacvis unari aRar Seswevda, politikuri ori-

entacia ruseTze gadaitana. Teimurazma, rogorc pragmati-

kosma politikosma ruseTis xelmwifes ar daumala ratom

Seaqcia zurgi osmaleTs: àRar gvinda agariani sulTnis

daxmareba da aRarc imedi gvaqvs, [daxmarebas] Seni meufebi-

sagan moveliT~. Teimurazis am frazidan mTavaria is, rom

mas osmaleTisagan romeli daxmarebis miRebis imedi aRar

aqvs, imis miRebas ruseTisgan elodeba.

Teimuraz mefe uaRresad lakonurad ganmartavs osma-

leTTan urTierTobis motivs, ram ubiZga osmaleTs dakavSi-

reboda iranis winaaRmdeg. diplomatiur enaze es niSnavda,

rom stambolis zavi imdenad wamgebiani iyo osmaleTisaT-

vis, rom igi male daarRvevda am xelSekrulebas, oms gaa-

naxlebda iranTan, rac qarTvelebs awyobda. saqarTvelos-

Tan kavSiriT dainteresebuli iyo osmaleTic, romlisTvi-

sac Sahis mier aklebuli qveyana dasayrdeni iqneboda ira-

nis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. Teimurazis naTqvami rus diplo-

matebs imazec mianiSnebda, XVII s. 10-ian wlebSi man ratom

mianiWa upiratesoba osmaleTs da ara ruseTs. amJamad ki,

osmaleTis Sesaxeb, TiTqos yvelaferi naTeli iyo (osma-

leTma warumatebeli omi awarmoa iranTan da reC pospoli-

tasTan, moiSala saxelmwifo marTvis sistema, ianiCrebi

TviTnebobdnen, kazakebi arbevdnen mis samflobeloebs,

ajanyda arzrumis beglarbegi, sasaxlis gadatrialebebi).

Canda rogor LZlierdeboda irani, magram Teimurazis

azriT, arc Sah abasis saqme midioda mTlad kargad. T. tiva-

Zem Teimuraz mefis werilis im adgils miaqcia yuradReba,

sadac naTqvamia: `... gvesma da werilebiTac SevityveT, rom

uwminduri Sah abasi Zalze SezRuduli da dasustebulia

omebisagan, romlebic man gadaitana. amboben, rom igi indoe-

lebma daamarcxes da amis gamo me vemzadebi, moaxlovda Ja-

mi, raTa RvTis nebiTa da daxmarebiT masze (gavilaSqro)~1.

1 Там же, с. 76. tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 42.

133

imas, rom Sahis irans, samxreTidan saSiSroeba emuqreba da misma mowinaaRmdegeebma am momentiT unda isargeblon, Tei-muraz mefis diplomatiaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava, rac gansakuTrebiT naTlad gamoCnda espaneTis samefo karTan urTierTobis dros.

am dros arc ruseTs hqonda dalagebuli saSinao da

sagareo mdgomareoba, mas seriozuli mowinaaRmdege hyavda

dasavleTidan litva-reC pospolitis saxiT da arc qveynis

SigniT iyo mSvidoba. miuxedavad amisa, ruseTi iranTan dip-

lomatiuri molaparakebebis dros formalurad icavdava

Teimurazsa da mis qveyanas, rac sinamdvileSi sityvieri da

werilobiTi gancxadebebiT saqarTveloze Tavisi uflebis

dacva iyo.

Teimurazis azriT, axla osmaleTi imdenad dasustda,

rom mas sakuTari Tavis dacva uWirs da amaoa misgan saqar-

Tvelos daxmarebis imedis qona. aqedan gamomdinare, rus po-

litikosebs unda gaeTvaliswinebinaT, rom qarTvel mefes

maTTan kavSiris ganaxleba da tradiciuli kargi urTier-

Tobis aRdgena, razec xSirad apelirebdnen rusi diploma-

tebi, Teimuraz mefes namdvili daxmarebis miRebisaTvis

sWirdeboda. igi ar malavda, rom es iyo ruseTisaken misi

Semobrunebis mizezi. Teimurazi, Tavisi werilis dasasruls

mixeil Tedores Zes pirdapir usvams kiTxvas: riTi dag-

vexmarebi _ jariT Tu fuliTo?1

31 maiss patriarqma filaret nikitas Zem Teodose man-

gleli miiRo, romelmac Teimuraz mefis 1623 wlis 16 mar-

tis sigeli gadasca. es sigeli TiTqmis identuri iyo imisa,

romelic Teimurazma mis Svils _ xelmwife mixeil Tedo-

res Zes gaugzavna2.

radgan mefe Teimurazi iTxovda, rom xelmwifes misi

elCisagan saidumlo danabarebi piradad moesmina, amitom

1 Там же, с. 69-71. 2 Там же, с. 75-76. Teimurazis mier ruseTis xelmwifesTan da patri-

arqTan gagzavnili werilebis anotacia ix. iqve, gv. 85-86.

134

ivane gramotini specialurad Sexvda Teodoses da esaubra.

gairkva, rom Sahisagan devnili mefe Teimurazi osmaleTSi

wavida da axla ruseTis xelmwifisagan jariT an fuliT

daxmarebas iTxovs. igi sulTans aRar daukavSirdeba xel-

mwifis gverdis avliT. Teimurazs unda amieridan isic da

misi samefoc xelmwifis xeldebuli iyos. xelmwifem da

patriarqma Teimurazis am Txovnaze Teodoses upasuxes, rom

rodesac man iRumeni xaritoni gamogzavna da Sahis moqmede-

biTa da usamarTlobiT Sewuxebuli acnobebda, xelmwifem

araerTxel miswera Sahs, rom saqarTvelos mefis mimarT

usamarTlobas nu Caideno. sul bolos, xelmwifis elCebma

vasili korobinma da diakma ostafei kuvSinovma Sahs Teimu-

raz mefis Sesaxeb specialuri werili miarTves. Sahma mous-

mina elCebs da sTqva, rom Teimurazma mas mZevlad misca Ta-

visi deda da ori vaJi, imisaTvis, rom mis mters sulTans

ar miemxroboda. Teimurazma sityva daarRvia, Tavisi deda

da Svilebi miatova, sulTanTan wavida da axlac masTan

aris. Teimurazis miwa-wyali, qalaqebi, mosaxleoba, deda da

ori vaJi mis xelSia. Sahma Teimurazis Svilebi aleqsandre

da levani elCebs aCvena1. Sahs surda, rus elCebs Teimura-

zisaTvis gaegebinebinaT, rom igi uSiSrad mivides masTan da

dedasa da Svilebs da sxvasac yvelafers daubrunebs. el-

Cebma Sah abass upasuxes, rom TavianTi mefis nebarTvis ga-

reSe TeimurazTan dakavSirebas ver gabedavdnen. Sahma el-

Cebs davala, rom maT TavianTi xelmwifisaTvis ecnobebinaT

is, rac Teimurazis Sesaxeb sTqva. magram ris gamo Camovar-

da Teimurazsa da Sahs Soris mtroba, ruseTis xelmwifem

araferi icodao, ganacxada i. gramotinma.

i. gramotinma Teodoses daavala Tavisi mefisaTvis moeT-

xro rogor moepyra xelmwife mis elCs. Teimurazs, xelmwifis azriT, TviTon unda moefiqrebina, rogori urTierToba hqone-boda Sah abasTan da Tavisi axloblebi rogor daexsna misi xelidan, endos Sahis sityvebs da mivides masTan Tu ara.

1 am dros Teimurazis Svilebi cocxlebi aRar iyvnen.

135

rac Seexeba TeimurazisaTvis finansuri daxmarebis ga-

wevas, elCs upasuxes: amJamad xelmwifes finansur daxmareba

ar SeuZlia, radgan adrindeli xazina polonelma da lit-

velma mtrebma waiRes, maTgan ganadgurebuli qalaqebi jer

kidev ver aRsdga.

arqiepiskoposma Teodosem i. gramotins mousmina, xel-

mwifes didi madloba gadauxada, imisaTvis, rom igi Teimu-

raz mefisa da misi samefos Sahis xelyofisagan dacvas cdi-

lobda. magram Sahis ndoba ar SeiZleba, igi cbieri da matyu-

araa. vidre saqarTvelos gaanadgurebda, manamde Teimurazs

Svils eZaxda, misadami keTili iyo, xosro mefis gvirgvins

da Tavisi sikvdilis Semdeg iranSi gamefebas hpirdeboda. Te-

imurazi amitom endo Sah abass da masTan mivida dediT, co-

liT da SvilebiT. amis Semdeg Sahma ganizraxa Teimurazis

mokvla da misi samefos daufleba. Teimurazma Sahis gan-

zraxvis Sesaxeb erTi qarTvelisagan gaigo. is sulTanTan ga-

iqca, Tavisianebi ki RvTis gangebas miando. isini mzad arian

marTlmadideblobisaTvis wamebulis sikvdili miiRon. maTi

Semwe SeiZleba RmerTi da moskovis xelmwife iyvnen.

amis Semdeg daiwyo saidumlo molaparakeba, romlis

Sinaarsi ucnobia, Tumca saubris Cawera xdeboda da Canawe-

ri i. gramotinTan inaxeboda1. Teodoses da gramotinis Sem-

dgomi Sexvedrebisa da saubrebis Tema qristes kvarTi iyo,

razec zemoT ukve gakvriT iTqva.

sainteresoa, saqarTveloSi rodis gaiges Sah abasis

saCuqriT moskovSi gamowveuli miTqma-moTqmis Sesaxeb? ro-

gorc cnobilia, `qristes kvarTi~ moskovSi miitanes Teodo-

ses wamosvlis Semdeg. mas SeiZleboda efiqra, rom rasac

rusebi yizilbaSebis mier saqarTvelodan gatanili siwmin-

deebisa da saganZuris Sesaxeb ekiTxebodnen, cnobismoyvare-

obiTa da momxdaris mimarT sinanulis grZnobiT iyo gamow-

veuli. Teodosem ar icoda ruseTis xelisuflebas konkre-

tulad ra ainteresebda. dReisaTvis cnobili rusuli sabu-

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы… c. 85-89.

136

Tebi gviCvenebs, rom XVII s. 30-iani wlebidan jer Teimuraz

I, Semdeg ki sxva mefeebi da politikuri moRvaweebi yovel-

Tvis acxadebdnen, qristes kvarTi saqarTveloSi ariso. ma-

Sasadame, Sah abasis mier ruseTSi gagazavnil relikviaze,

saqarTveloSi gaiges aRniSnuli droidan.

Sah abasis mier kaxeTSi datrialebuli ubedurebis Se-

saxeb, Teimuraz I ruseTis xelmwifes yovelTvis acnobebda.

daujerebelia, mas ar scodnoda yizilbaSebis mier mcxeTi-

dan kvarTis waRebis Sesaxeb da araferi Tqmuliyo qarTveli

mefe-mTavrebis mier moskovSi gagzavnil sigelebSi. qristes

kvarTi xom yvela qarTvelisaTvis saerTo siwminde iyo.

Sah abasis mier ganadgurebuli saqarTvelos elCi xa-

ritoni, 1618 wels moskovSi rom Cavida, maSin dawyebuli ar

iyo is religiur-politikuri vnebaTRelva, romelmac Tavi

iCina 1624-1625 wlebidan. Teimurazs da arc sxva qarTvelebs,

srulebiTac ar sWirdebodaT 1618 wels rusebisaTvis daema-

laT Sahis mier saqarTvelodan kvarTis waReba. piriqiT, ma-

Sin amis gamxela kidev erTi damatebiTi sabuTi iqneboda

qveynis ukiduresad damZimebuli mdgomareobis warmosaCenad,

rac im dros qarTveli politikosebis interesebSi Sedioda.

ueWvelia, rom SahisaTvis cnobili iyo xaritonis mos-

kovSi saqmianoba da Catanili sigelebis Sinaarsi. swored

Teimurazis da, saerTod, qarTveli mefeebis warmomadgenle-

bis moxsenebebisa da werilebis mixedviT awarmoebdnen ru-

seTis diplomatebi SahTan molaparakebas saqarTvelos sa-

kiTxze. amitomac verc Sah abasi da verc misi elCi ver daa-

saxelebdnen kvarTis waRebis drod saqarTveloSi laSqro-

bis wlebs. amitom gasagebi xdeba Sahma ratom ìpova~ `qris-

tes kvarTi~ rusi elCebis ispaanSi misvlamde, ramdenime

TviT adre, rogorc man maT 1622 wlis 21 ianvars uTxra.

137

V. ajanyebuli qarTl-kaxeTis sagareo politika da diplomatia

radgan ruseTidan daxmarebis miRebis imedma ver ga-

marTlda, gonioSi myofma Teimuraz I-ma ganizraxa TviTon

wasuliyo moskovSi. magram qarTlsa da kaxeTSi momxdarma

ambebma mis ganxorcielebaze xeli aaRebina.

1625 wlis 25 marts (ax. st. 7 aprili) qarTvelma ajan-

yebulebma martyofis velze yizilbaSTa laSqars musri ga-

avlo.

sainteresoa, martyofis ajanyebis mizezebis rostom

mefiseuli Sefaseba: 1619 wels kaxeTis gamgebeli bagrati

gardaicvala. Sah abasma didad ganicada bagratis sikvdili,

radgan misi saxiT erTguli da morCili msaxuri dakarga.

rogorc rostom mefe gadmogvcems, `ra Jams miesma sikudili

bagratisa Saabazs yeensa, da asre daumZimda, viTa Zma yofi-

liyo~. wlisTavze, Sahma bagratis vaJs svimons yarCiRaxan

sardlis asuli colad gamougzavna da kaxeTis kaxelebisa-

gan daclis gegmis ganxorcieleba mis simamrs da masTan er-

Tad mosul Tormet xans daavala. `ra qorwiloba gar-

daiÃades brZaneba iyo yaenisa, rome kaxi kaci gaewyÂida da

kaxeTSi yizibaSi daesaxla; da kaxeTs patronobda bardis

xani feiqarxan~1.

kaxelTa laSqari qarTlSi daibares. brZanebis Sesabami-

sad, isini muxranSi, aRaianis mindorze dadgnen, magram Rala-

tiT daxoces. rostom xani, Cemi gagebiT, qarTvelebis mimarT

TanagrZnobiT aRniSnavda (`Seiyarnes qarTuÀlni. Ddaesxnes

martyofSi yizilbaSTa Tavsa. yarCixan sardari da usufxan

Sirvanis xani da sxua xanebi da sulTnebic mravali daÃoces.

ivsnes saSovriTa: oqroÁTa, vercxliTa, TvaliTa, margaliti-

Ta. Mmravalisa ucxos naqsoviTa, cxen-aqlemiTa da jori-

Ta~),Ees gaxda qarTlSi antiiranuli ajanyebis mTavari mizezi,

romelic giorgi saakaZis meTaurobiT dagvirgvinda martyofis

1 qronikebi, II, gv. 462.

138

brwyinvale gamarjvebiT. giorgi saakaZem qarTli da kaxeTi

(Tbilisis garda) yizilbaSebisagan gawminda da ganja yaraba-

Ric dalaSqra. amis Semdeg Teimurazi moiwvies da qarTl-kaxe-

Tis mefed dasves.

osmalo istorikosi mustafa naima, rodesac yizil-

baSTa damsjeli eqspediciis tragikul dasasrulze saub-

robs, aseTi Sinaarsis cnobas gvawvdis: `qarTlis mflobe-

li mourav-xani, gurieli, dadiani, aCik-baSi (imereTis mefe

_e.m.) da aragvis erisTavi gaerTiandnen, saqarTvelos sxva

erisTavebTan SeTanxmebulni, saqarTvelos dasapyrobad mo-

sul yarCiRai-xanisa da sruliad yizilbaSTa laSqarTan

sabrZolvelad gamovidnen~1. Turqi istorikosis es cnoba

friad sainteresoa. igi yuradRebas imsaxurebs im gagebiT,

rom, iseve rogorc adre, iranis winaaRmdeg mebrZol

qarTl-kaxeTs mxars uWerda mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo.

naima Zvelad qarTvel mefe-mTavrebs Soris arsebuli er-

Tsulovnebis analogiiT msjelobs. sinamdvileSi ki am dro-

isaTvis erToba ukve darRveuli iyo.

rusi politikosebi Tvalyurs adevnebdnen saqar-

TveloSi mimdinare ambebs da, rogorc Cans, maT gansakuTre-

biT ainteresebdaT Teimuraz I-s hqonda Tu ara raime urTi-

erToba osmalebTan. 1626 wlis 23 marts astraxanidan mos-

kovSi, gagzavnil moxsenebaSi voevoda p. golovini, savarau-

doa, martyofis ajanyebis SedegebTan dakavSirebiT aR-

niSnavda, qarTvelebma Sahs 7 aTasi (sxva wyaroebiT TiTqmis

oTxjer meti) meomari amouwyvites. informatori saelCo

prikazis yuradRebas miapyrobs im garemoebaze, rom mar-

Tlmadidebeli qarTvelebi Sahs martoni ebrZvian. maT arc

erTi Turqi exmareba2.

1 mustafa naima, cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb. Tur-

quli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT, gamokvleviTa da SeniSvnebiT ga-

mosacemad moamzada n. Sengeliam, Tb., 1979. 2 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы по внешнеполитической истории Грузии первой половины XVII века, с. 164-165, №26.

139

gasagebi iyo, rom Sah abasi aRniSnul samxedro waruma-

teblobas ar Seegueboda da revanSisTvis emzadeboda. ajanye-

bis sulisCamdgmelma da sisruleSi momyvanma giorgi saakaZem

kargad icoda, rom ajanyebulebi iranTan xangrZlivad ver ib-

rZolebdnen. man osmaleTis did vazirs yizilbaS sardalTa

moWrili Tavebi, tyveTa erTi nawili, saCuqrebi gaugzavna da

daxmareba sTxova. 1625 wlis 3 ivliss saakaZis elCebi did va-

zirTan mividnen da misi werili miutanes. didi mouravi hafiz

faSas Seqmnil mdgomareobas uxsnida da iranze Tavdasxmis

perspeqtivas uaRresad xelsayrelad usaxavda. amas gad-

mogvcems iq damswre cnobili osmalo istorikosi ibrahim fe-

Cevi1. qarTvelebs imdenad damajereblad CamouyalibebiaT Ta-

vianTi mosazrebani, rom ibrahim feCevmac maTi gegma moiwona

da sardalsac exvewa mieRo qarTvelTa winadadeba2.

1625 wlis ivnisis bolos yizilbaSTa jari isa-xan

yorCibaSis meTaurobiT saqarTveloSi Semovida da md. al-

geTis xeobaSi marabdis velze dabanakda. 1 ivniss momxdar

1 ibrahim feCevis cnobebis qarTulad mTargmneli da gamomqveynebel-

ma s. jiqiam, qarTveli elCebis osmalo sardlis banakSi misvla, da-

aTariRa 1624 wlis 3 ivlisiT da Tanac aRniSna, rom isini saakaZem

martyofTan yizilbaSebis ganadgurebis Semdeg gaagzavna (xonTqris

mier didi mouravisadmi gacemuli sigeli. enimkis moambe, XIII, Tb.,

1943, gv. 234-235). am momentze yuradRebas imitom vamaxvileb, rom sxva-

dasxva TariRi faqtis sxvadasxvagvar interpretacias iTxovs. vfiq-

rob, osmaluri wyaros 1624 wliT daTariReba im qarTuli qronike-

bis gavleniT moxda, romlebic martyofis ajanyebas 1624 welSi

aTavseben. s. jiqias mier dokumentis gamoqveynebis Semdeg m. svaniZem

daazusta martyofisa da marabdis brZolebis TariRebi (svaniZe m.,

saqarTvelo-osmaleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 191-196). unda iyos

1625 weli, radgan ibrahim feCevis monaTxrobis mixedviT, martyofis

brZola ukve momxdaria. osmalo istorikosi ambobs: giorgi saakaZem

`moxerxebuli SemTxveva rom mieca, karCikai (yarCiRa-xani _ e. m.) da

masTan myofi xanebi daxoca da erTi-ori aTasi yizilbaSis jars

Tavi mohkveTa~ (ibrahim feCevis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis

Sesaxeb. teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca, Sesavali da SeniS-

vnebi daurTo s. jiqiam, Tb., 1964, gv. 83). 2 ibrahim feCevi, gv. 83-84.

140

brZolaSi qarTvelebi damarcxdnen. yizilbaSebma qarTli

droebiT SeinarCunes. magram marabdasTan mopovebuli gamar-

jveba yizilbaSebisaTvis imdenad mZime iyo, rom Sah abasma

amis Semdeg xeli aiRo saqarTvelos mospobis ganzraxvaze.

giorgi saakaZe samcxeSi gadavida, `safar faSas sTxova

mouravman jari da aTxova~1. man adgilobrivi feodalebis

SewevniT yizilbaSebs Seutia da warmatebac moipova. amis

Semdeg saakaZem sulTans ramdenjerme sTxova daxmareba. sul-

TanTan mociqulebisa da werilebis gagzavnis Sesaxeb da ima-

zec Tu rogor daxmarebas pirdeboda sulTani giorgi saaka-

Zes, vigebT sulTnis mier misTvis naboZebi firmanidan: `vinai-

dan, rogorc Sen momaxseneb, _ swers sulTani giorgi saaka-

Zes, _ da mauwyeb, Cemi udidebulesobisaTvis cxadi Seiqna,

rom sarwmunoebis mterTa (Siiti iranelebis _e.m.) mizans ueW-

velad saqarTvelo Seadgens... amitom Sens meSvelad dainiS-

non... aw baTumis beglarbegi... misadmi rwmunebuli vilaieTis

jariT, Caldiris-xidis begi murTaza, arfalikis wesiT Tavi-

si sanjayis mflobeli safari2... da saqarTvelos mxareebis

[sxva] mmarTvelebi da emirebi maT gankargulebaSi myofi

laSqriTurT... gamoiyo Cemi ianiCarTa nawilebi... SenTvis dax-

mareba ebrZana anatoliis vilaÁeTis zaimebsa da Timaris

patronebs da sruliad arzrumisa da trapizonis vilaÁeTSi myof ianiCrebs TavianTi meTaurebiT... brZanebebi gaegzavnaT [agreTve] daRestnis mmarTvelebs, raTa maT saswrafod gamo-iyvanon [jari] da gamogzavnon daniSnulebis adgilas. dide-buli brZaneba daegzavna agreTve guriis, samegrelosa da imereTis mefeebs masSi, rom, Cemi samaradiso taxtisa da Se-uryeveli Cemi dinastiisadmi maTi erTgulebisa da morCile-bis Sesabamisad, TqvenTan erTsulovanni iyvnen da samsaxuris

Sesrulebas gulmodginebiTa da yuradRebiT moekidon~3.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 411. 2 safari _ axalcixis faSa, yofili beqa III. 3 jiqia s., xonTqris mier didi mouravisadmi gacemuli sigeli.

enimkis moambe, 13, Tb., 1942, gv. 236-240.

141

sulTani imave firmaniT giorgi saakaZes acnobebda, rom ana-

toliaSi gamouyo `pativcemuli da saxelovani sanjayTagani...

arfalikis wesiT da Sens mier dasakaveblad mzadaa~1. ro-

gorc Cans, sulTani yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg amboxebul qar-

Tvelebs seriozul daxmarebas pirdeboda, magram amis gan-

xorcieleba ver moxerxda, SeiZleba isev qarTvelebs Soris

uTanxmoebis gamo. Teimuraz I da giorgi saakaZe erTmaneTs

daupirispirdnen, rac bazaleTis tragediiT dasrulda.

firmanidan yuradRebas ipyrobs is, rom sulTanma saa-

kaZes anatoliaSi sanjayi gamouyo. ar Cans, es saCuqari man

mouravs Tavisi surviliT, yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg sab-

rZolvelad gasaaqtiureblad, Tu saakaZisave TxovniT ubo-

Za. magram, cxadia, am sanjayiT sulTanma saakaZes osmaleT-

Si dasayrdeni Seuqmna da Tavis samsaxurSic Caiyena.

werilobiTi wyaroebi ar iZleva imis garkvevis saSua-

lebas, saakaZis mier sulTanTan mociqulebisa da werilebis

gagzavna TeimurazTan SeTanxmebuli iyo Tu ara? icodnen

Tu ara saqarTveloSi sulTnis mier saakaZisaTvis sanjayis

boZebis Sesaxeb? SeiZleba, Teimurazsa da saakaZes Soris

dapirispirebis mizezebi esec iyo?

Teimuraz mefe, Tu gaiTvaliswinebda saakaZis ambicieb-

sa da mTel mis ganvlil cxovrebas, sruli safuZveli hqon-

da saakaZisadmi undobloba gamoecxadebina. vin iqneboda ga-

ranti, rom giorgi saakaZe, osmaleTis imperiis erT-erTi

sanjayis mflobeli, sulTnis mier micemul jars mis wina-

aRmdeg ar gamoiyenebda.

Teimurazi dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida, sadac

imereTis mefe da odiSis mTavari daxmarebas dapirdnen.

1626 wels giorgi saakaZe samcxidan, Teimuraz mefe ki

imereTidan qarTlSi dabrundnen da cixeebidan yizilbaSebs

devnidnen.

garedan Tavdaxmis saSiSroebis moxsnis Semdeg, kvlav

gamoiRviZa Sinaganma dapirispirebam da mtrobam. Tavadebma me-

1 iqve, gv. 240.

142

fesa da saakaZes Soris ganxeTqileba Camoagdes. bazaleTTan

momxdar brZolaSi (1626 w. Semodgoma) Teimurazma gaimarjva.

saakaZe kvlav samSoblodan gadaixvewa. man bedi jer samcxe-

Si, Semdeg imereTSi scada da bolos arzrumSi osmaleTis

sulTnis didvazirTan mivida da morCileba gamoucxada.

Turqi istorikosis naimas mixedviT, àrzrumSi galaS-

qrebis wels mouravma sardals morCileba gamoucxada da

arzrumis dapyrobasac daeswro~1. naimas monaTxrobidan ar

Cans, vin iyo didvaziri, magram cnibilia, rom 1627 wels,

osmalTa sardalma, didvazirma xalil-faSam (didvazirad

dainiSna 1626 wlis dekemberSi) am qalaqSi gamagrebul ajan-

yebul abaza-faSaze gailaSqra, magram uSedegod2. amis Sem-

deg xalil faSa gadaayenes da 1628 wlis ivnisSi didvazi-

rad xusrev-faSa dainiSna. man imave wlis noemberSi arzru-

mi aiRo. s. jiqia daaskvnis, rom `mouravi osmaleTSi gada-

sula arzrumSi pirveli galaSqrebis wels, e. i. 1627 wlis,

daaxloebiT, zafxulSi, xalil-faSas did-vazirada da sar-

dlad yofnis dros~3, e. i. 1627 wels. s. jiqias es mosazreba

ufro misaRebi xdeba, rodesac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 1627

wlis martSi konstantinopolSi Casul misionerebs saf-

rangeTis elCma sezim rekomendacia misca `Teimurazis el-

Cis mauros winaSe~4. ra Tqma unda, mauro _ giorgi saakaZea,

magram igi Teimurazis elCi ki ara devnili iyo.

gvaqvs sxva cnobac. astraxanis voevoda p. golovinis

moskovis saelCo prikazSi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi naTqvamia,

rom sparselebsa da qarTvelebs Soris Setakeba aRar mom-

xdara. man yizilbaSebisagan gaigo, rom Teimuraz mefem Sah-

Tan mSvidoba daamyara. isic uTqvamT, rom qarTveli mouravi

1 jiqia s., cnoba didi mouravis ukanaskneli dReebis Sesaxeb osma-

leTSi, masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, nakv.

13, 1942, gv. 209-210. 2 iqve gv. 210, Sen. 8. 3 iqve. 4 TarxniSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 372.

143

(giorgi saakaZe) Teimuraz mefes gaSorda da mcire amaliT

arzrumSi abaza faSasTan wavida1.

yuradRebas ipyrobs rusuli wyaros TariRi _ 1626

wlis 2 dekemberi, romelic asaxavs voevodas moxsenebis sa-

elCo prikazSi Cabaraebis dros da ara imas, roca voevodam

ambavi moismina. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom werilis

astraxanidan moskovamde Catanas da daniSnulebisamebr Caba-

rebas sakmao dro dasWirdeboda, maSin SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

rusuli wyaro kidev ufro azustebs giorgi saakaZis saqar-

Tvelodan osmaleTSi gadasvlis dros. abaza-faSa am dros,

marTlac arzrumSi imyofeboda, magram saakaZe, albaT, sam-

cxeSi Seyovnda da arzrumTan maSin mivida, roca xalil-fa-

Sas es qalaqi alyaSi hyavda. rogorc Cans saakaZem qarTli

bazaleTis brZolisTanave datova.

giorgi saakaZe. mcire xnis Semdeg, osmaleTSi daiRupa

(1629 w. 3 oqtomberi)2. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mis daRup-

vaSi, pirdapir an iribad, Teimuraz mefis xelic eria.

giorgi saakaZis osmaleTSi wasvla, Teimurazma imde-

nad mniSvnelovnad CaTvala, rom sruliad moulodneli na-

biji gadadga _ Tavi gamoacxada Sah abasis morCilad. amis

Semdeg, Teimuraz mefesa da Sah abass Soris `mSvidoba~ dam-

yarda. Teimuraz mefisa da Sah abasis Serigebis saqmeSi gan-

sakuTrebuli roli Seusrulebia daud-xan undilaZes (Sem-

1 «Да они ж государь тезики Назар да Недыр слышели в разговоре от кызылбашских людей, что грузинской Темиряз царь с шахом учинился в миру, а воевода грузинской Маврав от Темирязя царя отехал с невеликими людми в турецкой в Ызрум город к Абазе паше...» Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, с. 165, #27. 2 naimam giorgi saakaZis saintereso daxasiaTeba dagvitova: `moura-

vi WeSmaritad guladi, Ronieri, taniT spilos msgavsi, iSviaTi

vaJkaci da devisRone iyo, magram marTva-gamgeobis saqmeebSi umeca-

ri da, bunebrivia, midrekilebas iCenda mCagvrelobisa da Zalmom-

reobisadmi~; `mouravi spetak-wveriani saSualo tanisa iyo~. jiqia

s., cnoba didi mouravis ukanaskneli dReebis Sesaxeb osmaleTSi,

gv. 210.

144

degSi ganjis beglarbegi). isqander munSis gadmocemiT, `Te-

imurazma TavisTvis umjobesad scno Sexvewnoda [Sahis] kars.

alaverdi-xanis Svils, romelic yorCibaSis gankargulebis

Tanaxmad, Tavisi xalxis erTi razmiT TbilisSi idga, gaec-

no da daumegobrda da misvla-mosvla gaimarTa~1. misi rCe-

viT, Teimurazma Sahs morCilebis werilebi gaugzavna. spar-

seli istorikosis TqmiT, Teimurazis am nabijis gadadgma

nakarnaxevi iyo giorgi saakaZis sulTnisaTvis daxmarebis

saTxovnelad osmaleTSi wasvliT.

Teimurazis Sah abasTan Serigebis saqmeSi garkveuli

roli Seusrulebia imamyuli xansac, daud-xanis ufros Zmas.

magram, Teimurazma daud-xanis rCevis miuxedavad (Teimurazs

`gamoecvala Turquli samosi, gandgomis xanebSi rom Caecva

da yizilbaSuri tansacmeli Caacva~), ver gabeda SahTan was-

vla, rasac es ukanaskneli moiTxovda2. magram Terimurazi,

Sah abasis sicocxleSi, iranSi (SirazSi) mainc yofila da

1628 w. 22 marts ormuzis aRebis aRsaniSnav sazeimo bankets

daswrebia3.

erT-erTi rusuli cnobis mixedviT, astraxanis voevodas

iranis Sahis elC mahmed sali begTan saubrisas gaugia, rom

Teimuraz mefesa da Sahs Soris mSvidoba damyarda, magram el-

Cma ar icoda ramdeni xniT. Teimurazs q. aSrafSi (mazanderan-

Si) ori Turqi, oTxi qarTveli da 100 mokluli adamianis gva-

mi gaugzavnia da SahisaTvis SeuTvlia, rom man es adamianebi

daxoca Tavis qveyanaSi, roca isini Sahis moRalate mouravis

meTaurobiT Teimuraz mefis winaaRmdeg movidnen TurqebTan

da qarTvelebTan erTad4. Tu rusuli wyaro simarTles asa-

xavs, maSin gamodis, rom giorgi saakaZes bazaleTis brZolaSi

damarcxebis Semdeg Tavis erTgul qarTvelebsa da osmalTa

1 isqander munSi, gv. 139-140. 2 iqve, gv. 140-141. 3 Jordania g., Teimuraz mefe da Zmani undilaZeni, Jurn. `mnaTobi~,

#5, 1984, gv. 141. 4 Тивадзе Т. Г., Ук. труд, с. 166, № 29.

145

razmebze dayrdnobiT saqarTveloSi dabruneba ucdia, magram

kvlav marcxi ganucdia. mahmed sali begis TqmiT, Teimuraz me-

fes es samxedro warmateba, rac saakaZes damarcxebaSi gamoi-

xata, ispaanSi ucnobebia, rogorc saerTo mtersa da Sahis mo-

Ralateze gamarjveba1.

sainteresoa, rom Sahis elCis es cnoba, giorgi saaka-

Zis osmalTa jariT Teimuraz mefis samflobeloebSi SeW-

ris Sesaxeb, saqarTveloSi namyofma rusebma, fedka grigo-

rievma da ivacko ivanovma daadastures2. maTi monaTxrobi,

amas garda, sxva saintereso cnobebsac Seicavda da astraxa-

nis voevodam yvelaferi ruseTis xelmwife mixeil Tedores

Zes 1629 wlis ivlisSi Seatyobina. maT uTqvamT: Sah abasma

ise gaanadgura saqarTvelo, rom Teimuraz mefes qalaqebi

aRar hqonda da iZulebuli iyo erTi soflidan meoreSi ga-

dasuliyo. erTi piroba Teimurazi `Turqebis qalaq gonio-

Si~ cxovrobda. amJamad mas mSvidoba aqvs osmaleTis sul-

TanTan da iranis axal Sah sefisTanac elCebi gagzavna, mag-

ram risTvis, cnobili ar ariso. iranis Sahis elCebi qar-

Tvel mefesTan ar mosulan. gamokiTxul rusebs martyofisa

da marabdis brZolebzec uTqvamT.

fedka grigorievs da ivacko ivanovs qarTvelebisgan ga-

ugiaT, rom Teimurazs ganzraxuli hqonda ruseTis xelmwi-

fesTan male, mimdinare wels, qarTveli patriarqi elCad ga-

1 Там же. 2 werilSi naTqvamia, rom 1629 wlis 9 ivliss Tergidan astraxanSi

mividnen saqarTvelodan wamosuli mogzauri vaWari fedka grigorie-

vi da meTeme glexis Svili ivacko ivanovi. 15 wlis winaT isini yi-

rimelma TaTrebma daatyveves da kafaSi miyides samsunis faSas, rom-

lisgan gaqceva da donis kazakebTan misvla scades. Turqebma isini

zRvaSi daiWires da batonTan daabrunes. faSam rusebi sxvas miyida,

romelTanac xuTi weli imyofebodnen. amis Semdeg maT gaqceva SeZ-

les da erevanSi, SemaxaSi, ganjasa da TbilisSi icxovres ori we-

li. imis gamo, rom TbilisSi yizilbaSebi iyvnen, maT Tbilisi mia-

toves, magram saqarTveloSi darCnen kidev erTi weli da erT berZen

mRvdelTan, vinme giorgisTan cxovrobdnen. Там же, c. 168, #31.

146

egzavna, magram ra mizniT midioda elCoba, amis Sesaxeb ar

icodnen. maT qarTvelebisgan isic gaugiaT, rom saqarTvelos

mefe Teimurazis qalaqebSi osmalTa jariT SeiWra mourav

faSa (giorgi saakaZe _e.m.), romelic winaT, adrindeli iranis

Sahis xani iyo. saqarTvelos mefe Teimurazis xalxma mourav

faSa da misi osmaleTis jari daamarcxes da saqarTvelos

adgilebidan gandevnes. amis Semdeg, xelmwifeo, arc erTi

mxridan saqarTvelos miwa-wyals aRaravin dasxmia~1.

sainteresoa rusuli wyaroebis cnobebi saakaZis Sesa-

xeb. aRiniSna, rom igi 1627 wels osmaleTSi gadavida da

sulTans jariT daxmareba sTxova. im dros iran-osmaleTis

omi jer kidev grZeldeboda da osmaleTisaTvis saakaZis sa-

qarTveloSi dabrunebisa da misi gegmis ganxorcielebisaT-

vis samxedro daxmarebis gawevis dro ar iyo. man monawile-

oba miiRo ajanyebuli abaza faSas winaaRmdeg laSqrobasa

da arzrumis aRebaSi 1628 wels. amis Semdeg osmalebma sam-

cxis im cixeebs Seuties, sadac yizilbaSebi idgnen. g. jam-

buriam gamoTqva varaudi, rom samcxis cixeebis dapyrobaSi

SeiZleba giorgi saakeZec monawileobda2.

zemoT damowmebul rusul wyaroebSi giorgi saakaZesTan

dakavSirebuli ambavi, saqarTveloSi osmaleTis jariT SemoW-

ris Sesaxeb, misi samcxeSi yofnis gamoZaxili unda iyos. isic

dasaSvebia, rom man qarTlSi SemoWrac scada, magram amis gan-

xorcieleba ver SesZlo. osmaleTis sardlobam mas mxari ar

dauWira, radgan Teimurazi Tavis mokavSired miaCdaT. Eesec

ar yofiliyo, iranTan meomari osmaleTi aRmosavleTi saqar-

Tvelos rTul saqmeebSi ver Caereoda. Sahis mier qarTlSi

gancdili zarali sulTnisaTvis sasiamovno da, imave dros,

angariSgasawevi magaliTi iyo.

bazaleTis omis Semdeg Teimurazma Sida qarTli daika-

va. Sahi iZulebuli gaxda igi qarTl-kaxeTis mefed (1625-1632)

eRiarebina, samagierod Teimurazma iranis Sahis vasalad

1 Там же, c. 169. 2 jamburia g., giorgi saakaZe, Tb., 1964, gv. 168.

147

yofna scno1. aRniSnuli periodis wyaroebis mixedviT, iseTi

STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom qarTl-kaxeTis iranTan urTier-

TobaSi TiTqos mSvidobianobam daisadgura.

amgvarad, Teimurazsa da Sah abass Soris miRweuli iq-

na kompromisi, romelic z. avaliSvilma aseTnairad axsna:

`kompromisis Zebna Teimurazis mier aSkarad aixsneba misi

SiSiT _ osmalebis daxmarebiT didma mouravma qarTli, vin

icis, kaxeTic ar wamarTvas da ar daiWiroso! da uiranod,

sakuTari ZaliT, osmaleTisagan zurggamagrebul metoqes-

Tan brZolas xom ver SeZlebda! Sah abasisaTvis, romelic

maSin baRdadis mxares osmalebs eomeboda, Teimurazis ymoba

da megobroba mis mtrobaze ufro xelsayreli iqneboda~2.

Sahis kompromisi ganpirobebuli iyo ara imdenad saga-

reo faqtoriT, ramdenadac Teimurazisa da qarTveli xal-

xis SeupovreobiTa da gautexelobiT. Sah abass ukve nacadi

samxedro meTodebiT saqarTveloSi moqmedeba aRar SeeZlo,

imaze met sisatikes da sadizms veRar Caidenda rac ukve Ca-

denili hqonda. albaT, angariSs imasac gauwevda, rom Teimu-

razs damcvelebi Sahis uaxloes garemocvaSi gamouCndnen

Zmebi undilaZeebis saxiT, romlebsac didi gavlena hqondaT

Sahis karis didkacobaze.

Sah abasis sikvdilis Semdeg taxti daikava misma Svi-

liSvilma Sah sefim. Tavdapirvelad Teimurazs axal SahTan

mSvidobiani urTierTobis gagrZelebis mizniT elCebi gaug-

zavnia3, magram es garemoeba sruliadac uxifaTos ar xdida

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mdgomareobas iranis mxriv. arc spar-

selebi iyvnen guldamSvidebulni da qarTvelobis mier mSvi-

dobisa da erTgulebis gamocxadebas eWvis TvaliT ucqerod-

1 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tb., 1973, gv., 277-291 2 Avalishvili Z. Teimuraz I and his poem `The Martirdom of Queen Ketevan~. Georgica, London, 1937, v. I, №3-5. 3 elCobis ispaanSi Casvlis dros zustad dadgena Wirs: «Да тому де государь ныне месяца с полтретя, грузинской Темиряз цар прислал к шаху Суфию послов своих». Тивадзе Т. Г., Ук. труд, с. 166, №32.

148

nen. astraxanis voevoda i. buinosov-rostovski 1629 wlis oq-

tomberSi saelCo prikazs acnobebda: `Sahis saxelmwifo ara-

vis eomeba, mxolod yizilbaSebs seriozuli SiSi aqvT qar-

Tvelebisa, rom qarTvelebi aikleben, imis gamo, rom ad-

rindelma abas Sahma saqarTvelos miwa-wyali daipyro da aik-

lo...~1 Teimuraz mefe rom yizilbaSebs mosvenebiT cxovrebis

saSualebas ar miscemda, yizilbaSebma warsulis magaliTe-

biT ukve icodnen. igi yvela saSualebiT, rogorc iaraRiT,

ise diplomatiiT, Seecdeboda Tavisi samefos damoukideblo-

bis dacvas da yizilbaSebisagan mudmivi muqaris ganeitrale-

bas. amitom saWiro iyo iranis Semakavebeli mokavSire Zala.

Teimurazma ukve icoda, rom aseT Zalad, mocemul etapze,

verc osmaleTi da verc ruseTi gamodgeboda. amitom qarTl-

kaxeTis mefem yuradReba dasavleT evropaze gadaitana. misi

varaudiT, irans, evropis saxelmwifoebidan, upirveles yov-

lisa, espaneTi daupirispirdeboda. Teimuraz mefis varaudi

araswor politikur gaTvlas emyareboda.

1 Там же.

149

V. ra icodnen espaneTSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb saqarTvelos espaneTTan da romTan diplomatiuri

urTierTobis istoriidan

(XV s. 90-ani _ XVI s.)

saqarTvelo-evropis saxelmwifoebis diplomatiuri ur-

TierToba araregularuli iyo da misi amsaxveli werilobiTi

wyaroebic fragmentulia. radgan XVII saukunis qarTul dip-

lomatiaSi Teimuraz I-is mier espaneTsa da romSi gagzavnil

nikifore irbaxis (nikoloz ColoyaSvili) elCobas gamorCeu-

li adgili ukavia, wimamdebare monografiaSic mas aseve gansa-

kuTrebuli mniSvneloba mieniWa.

espanuri wyaroebis Seswavlis Sedegad cxadi xdeba,

rom XVII s. 20-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi, nikifore irbaxis

elCad yofnis droisaTvis, espaneTSi ganuzomlad bevri

icodnen saqarTveloze (es codna grovdeboda sakmaod didi

drois ganmavlobaSi), vidre saqarTveloSi espaneTze1. amgva-

ri viTareba, albaT, ar gamoiwvevs gakvirvebas, Tu erTmaneTs

SevadarebT gviandeli Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos da espa-

neTis SesaZleblobebsa da interesebis sferos. ra Tqma unda,

ar unda daviviwyoT, rom saqarTveloSi sagareo urTierTo-

bis amsaxveli dokumentebi Tu sxva masala daiRupa. es gare-

moebebi mkiTxvelis mier gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas winam-

debare narkvevis gacnobisas.

aucileblad CavTvale gadmomeca yovelive is, rac

dReisaTvis cnobilia saqarTvelo-espaneTis erTsaukunovan

urTierTobaze XV s. 90-ani wlebidan XVI saukunis dasasru-

1 amgvari samuSaos Catareba SevZeli espaneli da qarTveli mecnie-

rebis _ luis xili fernandesisa da ilia tabaRuas mier espaneTSi

gamoqveynebuli dokumentebis (luis xili fernandesi, ilia taba-

Rua., dokumentebi saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis espaneTis arqivebsa

da biblioTekebSi (XV-XVII ss.), madridi, 1991. SemdegSi: dokumente-

bi _ dok.) safuZvelze, maTi erTi nawili naklebad cnobili an uc-

nobia. minda madloba movaxseno prof. murman papaSvils, romelmac

aRniSnuli krebuliT sargeblobis saSualeba momca.

150

lamde. amgvari midgoma gamarTlebulad meCveneba, radgan

or qveyanas Soris diplomatiuri urTierTobis zogierTi

momenti dasazustebeli an sxvagvarad gasaazrebelia. qarTlis mefe konstantine II-m yuradReba miaqcia im

qveynebs, romlebic osmaleTis dasustebiT dainteresebulni

iyvnen, magram gamodiodnen muslimuri qveynebis winaaRmdeg

brZolis saerTo lozungiT. evropelebis amgvari midgoma,

muslimur garemocvaSi moqceuli saqarTvelos interesebs

miesadageboda. evropaSi arsebuli ganwyobilebis Sesaxeb

qarTvel politikosebs garkveuli warmodgena hqondaT imave

eropasTan, gansakuTrebiT romTan, diplomatiuri urTier-

Tobis Sedegad.

qarTveli diplomati – xucesi niloKespanTsa da romSi

ay-yoinlus saxelmwifos mbrZaneblebisagan Sewuxe-

bulma qarTlis mefe konstantine II-m (1478-1505), romelsac

saqarTvelos gamaerTianeblis pretenzia hqonda, evropaSi

popularuli lozungis Tavisi qveynis interesebisaTvis ga-

moyeneba ganizraxa. evropasTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis

ganaxlebas impulsi erTma SemTxvevam misca.

1493-1494 wlebSi, konstantine mefem Tavisi karis ekle-

siis moZRvari xucesi nilo elCad gagzavna egvipteSi. unda

aRiniSnos, rom gvianfeodaluri saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi

elCebad umeteswilad sasuliero pirebs agzavnidnen, rac

ganpirobebuli iyo maTi ganaTlebiT, enebis codniT, amtani-

anobiT, xelisuflisadmi erTgulebiTa da fsiqikis mdgra-

dobiT.

xucesi nilo cnobilia kir-nilosis saxeliTac, rac,

qarTveli mefis mier evropaSi gagzavnili berZnulad dawe-

rili sigelebis gavlena iyo. Cveulebriv, qarTveli mefeebi

dasavleT evropasa da ruseTSi berZnulad daweril sige-

lebs agzavnidnen. nilo, zogierT dokumentSi moxseniebulia,

rogorc wminda basilis ordenis wevri.

151

nilos kairoSi molaparakebis Sesaxeb araviTari cno-

ba ar gagavaCnia, magram SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom misi eg-

viptis sulTanTan gagzavnis umTavresi mizani, ierusalimSi

golgoTaze qarTvelTa interesebis dacvis saqmeSi sulTnis

mxardaWeris mopoveba iyo.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saukunenaxevarze meti xnis gan-

mavlobaSi qarTvel bermonazvnebs brZola hqondaT golgo-

Taze pirvelobisaTvis jer somxebTan, Semdeg ki kaTolikeb-

Tan. 1492 wels maT miaRwies imas, rom adgilobrivma sasa-

marTlom golgoTis Txemi gayo or nawilad, CrdiloeTi

qarTvelebs darCaT, samxreTi ki franciskanelebs. qarTve-

lebi ierusalimis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofi-

loni iyvnen da golgoTaze TavianTi statusis aRdgenas

cdilobdnen. vfiqrob,AsakiTxis mogvareba daevala mamluq

mbrZanebel al-aSraf said ad-din kaitbeisTan gagzavnil

xuces nilos. qarTlis samefo karisaTvis cnobili iqneboda

is daZabuli urTierToba, romelic egviptis sulTansa da

franciskanelebs Soris arsebobda da konstantine II am

mdgomareobis gamoyeneba scada1.

qarTveli mefeebis mier, ierusalimis siwmindeebis gamo,

egviptis sulTnebisaTvis elCebis gagzavnis es pirveli Sem-

Txveva ar iyo, magram egviptesTan urTierTobis mxolod

fragmentuli cnobebi gagvaCnia. gavixsenoT Tamar mefisa da

giorgi V brwyinvalis mier elCebis gagzavna ierusalimis ek-

lesia-monastrebis gamosaxsnelad. tradiciis gamgrZeleblad

gvevlineba qarTlis mefe konstantine II. rac Seexeba, am uka-

nasknelis mier egvipteSi xucesi nilos gagzavna antiosma-

luri koaliciis Sesaqmnelad, rogorc miRebulia Cvens is-

toriografiaSi, ar mgonia, rom simarTles Seeferebodes.

mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is garemoeba, rom XV s. 80-90-ian

wlebSi osmaleTi saqarTvelos problemebs jer ar uqmnida.

aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, iranis teritoriaze arsebuli


tia, gv. 100-104

152

Turqmanebis ay-yoinlus saxelmwifos agresias ganicdida.

Mmagram qarTveli diplomatebi osmaleTis sawinaaRmdego

gegmebze Tu laparakobdnen, amiT undodaT saqarTvelos sat-

kivari (irani) qristianuli evropis satkivarTan (osmaleTi)

miebaT da antiislamuri brZolis interesi gaeRvivebinaT ro-

gorc egvipteSi, ise evropaSi. saqarTvelo, ra Tqma unda, Tvi-

Tonac, rogorc qristianuli ojaxis wevri, aqtiur monawile-

obas miiRebda muslimanTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. qarTveli

elCi, sulTanTan molaparakebis dros Tu osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg brZolisaTvis mzadyofnas gamosTqvamda (razec araviTa-

ri cnoba ar gagavaCnia), mxolod imitom, rom es egviptis sa-

xelmwifo interesebisaTvis aqtualuri iyo da sulTani unda

waexalisebina, raTa qarTvelebs ierusalimis eklesia-monas-

trebis dabruneba-SenarCunebaSi daxmareboda. ierusalimis

siwmindeebis gamo egviptis sulTanTan nilos gagzavnis miza-

ni rom politikuri xasiaTis molaparakeba ar unda yofili-

yo, naTlad Cans konstantine mefis mier espaneTis mefeebi-

saTvis gagzavnil werilSi: `hoi, raoden madls moklebulia

Cveni naTesavi (qristianebi _e.m.)... axla ki gavigeT da mtkice

imedic gvaqvs, rom RmerTi Cveni ieso qriste, WeSmariti Rmer-Ti Cveni, uRvTo agarianelebze gamarjvebas mogvaniWebs. ro-mel saqmisTvisac Cven Cveni moZRvari mRvdel-monazoni kir-nilo egviptis sulTanTan qairoSi warvgzavneT, romelmac igi didi sixaruliT miiRo. (icodeT, rom) Cven sxva mxriv uw-mindurebTan saerTo araferi gvaqvs~1.

eWvs ar iwvevs, rom àgarianebSi~, Sua saukuneebSi, ro-

gorc qarTvelebi, aseve evropelebi, zogadad, muslimebs gu-

lisxmobdnen da ara mxolod Turqebs. Kkonstantine mefe ima-

sac naTlad ambobs, rom man nilo qairoSi sxva saqmisTvis

(ueWvelia, qarTuli monastrebis sakiTxis mosagvareblad)

gagzavna. Cven sxva mxriv uwmindurebTan (muslimebTan, maT

Soris egviptelebTanac) saqme ara gvaqvso.

1 cicncaZe i., masalebi reC pospolitisa da saqarTvelos urTier-

Tobis istoriisaTvis, Tb., 1965, gv. 82-83

153

wminda miwaze Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamosworebiT

dainteresebulma mefe konstantinem nilosi romSi pap aleq-

sandre VI-sTanac gagzavna, `raTa ganecxadebina misTvis Ta-visi morCileba, rogorc wminda miwebze qristes nacvalis mimarT da eTxova misTvis Seegulianebina dasavleTis mefee-

bi saRvTo omisaTvis sarkinozebis winaaRmdeg~. konstantine

romis paps pirdeboda, rom aRmosavleTis sxva qristianeb-

Tan erTad isic monawileobas miiRebda muslimebis winaaR-

mdeg omSi1. K

konstantine II espaneTSi gagazavnil sigelSi sruliad

garkveviT aRniSnavs, vin miaCnia mas Tavisi qveynis mtrad:

`rogorc Tqvenma meufebamac icis, uRvTo spasTagan marad Jams wamebuli varT da maT mravali boroteba mogvages

Cven~2. mefis am sityvebis Semdeg espanelebisTvis gasagebi

unda yofiliyo, qarTvelebi sparselebisa Tu Turqebis wi-

naaRmdeg brZolaSi iTxovdnen daxmarebas.

xucesi nilos misia egvipteSi ra mizniTac ar unda yo-

filiyo, mas mainc didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos saga-

reo urTierTobis istoriis Sesaswavlad. SeiZleba vivarau-

doT, rom qarTlis samefosa da mamluqTa egviptes Soris

diplomatiuri urTierToba, aRniSnuli droidan moyolebu-

li, orive saxelmwifos interesebidan gamomdinare, ar Se-

wyvetila osmalebis mier egviptis dapyrobamde3.

am elCobis istoriuli mniSvneloba imaSic mdgomare-

obs, rom kairodan wamosulma saqarTvelos elCma nilom ie-

rusalimSi gaiara, sadac espaneTis elCs martin dias de

auqsSs, mefis paJs, Subosans Sexvda4, romelic wminda qalaq-

Si iyofeboda garkveuli davalebiT: espaneTis mefeebis fer-

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., I, gv. 109. 2 cincaZe i., dasax. naSr., gv. 83.

3 mamisTvaliSvili e., dasax, naSr. gv. 121-124

2 Cvens istoriografiaSi, i. cincaZis mier gamoqveynebuli kon-

stantine II-is sigelis rusuli Targmanis mixedviT [6: 83], miRebu-

lia, rom espaneTis mefem ierusalimSi elCi ki ara elCebi gagzav-

na. asea Cems wignSic [4: 96-97].

154

dinandisa da izabelas elCs wminda qalaqis qristianebisaT-

vis ecnobebina sasixarulo ambavi _ muslimTa xelidan gra-

nadas ganTavisufleba. am udidesi saerTaSoriso mniSvnelo-

bis faqtma, savaraudoa, qarTveli elCs Caagona espaneTis es

didi warmateba Tavisi qveynis interesebisaaTvis gamoyenebi-

na da man martin dias de auqsSi saqarTveloSi wamoiyvana1.

mxolod gakvirvebis gamoxatva SeiZleba am ori, sa-

qarTvelos da espaneTis, elCis saqcielis gamo: rogor SeZ-

lo nilom espaneTis elCis dayolieba, rom am ukanasknels

aseTi gabeduli nabiji gadaedga da Tavisi mefeebis, ferdi-

nandisa da izabelas, nebarTvisa gareSe saqarTveloSi wamo-

suliyo. SeiZleba varaudi, rom elCma gaiTvaliswina ra es-

paneTis samefo karis didi interesi axlo aRmosavleTSi

arsebuli politikuri viTarebisadmi, miiRo saqarTveloSi

mipatiJeba. savaraudoa, igi garkveul codnas flobda saqar-

Tvelos Sesaxeb, misTvis es qveyana ar iyo terra incognita. elCis saqarTveloSi wamosvla, SeiZleba, im gzaze

Seqmnili saSiSroebiTac iyo gamowveuli, romliTac igi es-

paneTidan ierusalimSi Cavida. Mman arCia saqarTvelosa da

evropisaken mimavali gziT esargebla4.

espaneTis elCi saqarTveloSi didxans ar darCa. man

iseTi STabeWdileba moaxdina qarTlis samefo karze da im-

denad daainteresa espaneTTan urTierTobis sargebliano-

biT, rom konstantine mefem mas Tavisi ori elCi _ Zma nilo

da Zma zaqaria gaayola. maT axldaT ori msaxuri. mefem Ta-

vis elCebs gaatana werilebi, romelTagan erTi gankuTvni-

li iyo espaneTis mefe-dedofal _ ferdinandisa da izabe-

lasaTvis, meore ki romis pap aleqsandre VI-isaTvis. Mmefem

Tavis elCebs gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani, sityvieradac

daabara. maT sxva sagangebo davalebac miecaT: espaneTidan

wamosuli qarTveli sasuliero pirebi romis paps unda

xlebodnen da misTvisac konstantine mefis epistole da

1 dokumentebi, gv. 95. 4 cicncaZe i., dasax. naSr., gv. 17.

155

sityvierad danabarebi unda gadaecaT. maTve gaatanes papi-

saTvis misarTmevi saCuqrebi.

elCebma gadacures Savi zRva, ahyvnen md. dneprs da

litva-reC pospolitis samflobeloebze gavliT espaneTisa-

ken gaeSurnen.

konstantine mefis espaneTis mefisaTvis gankuTvnil

werilSi, gaanalizebuli iyo muslimTa gaZlierebiT Sqmni-

li mdgomareoba axlo aRmosavleTSi. qarTlis mefe espane-

Tis mefes agrZnobinebda, rom mas, umTavresad, saerTo, saq-

ristianos saqmeebi awuxebda da mouwodebda dasavleT evro-

pis gaerTianebuli ZalebiT aRedginaT bizantiisa da trapi-

zonis saxelmwifoebi (papisadmi gagzavnil werilSi ki, ro-

gorc qvemoT gamoCndeba, igi konstantinopolsa da wminda

miwaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas).

Mmefe konstantines mowodebas wminda miwis gasanTavi-

sufleblad jvarosnuli laSqrobis mowyobis da ara anti-

osmaluri koaliciis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, papi Semdegnairad ga-

moexmaura: `sruli aRfrTovanebiT SevxvdiT Tqvens SesaniS-

nav ganzraxvas da gegmas ieso qristes sarwmunoebis mimarT

amboxebulTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobis Sesaxeb. aseTi laSqro-

ba yvelgan momzaddeba da is, rom Sen am mxsneli wamowyebi-saTvis gvTavazob laSqars Seni Svilis meTaurobiT, pati-vaxdili saflavebis gawmendisa da qristesaTvis Cagruli

xalxis ganTavisuflebis mizniT, Znelia gamoiTqvas, ramde-

nad aRgvafrTovana am cnobam da rogor Rirseul madlobas vwiravT yovlisSemZle ufals imisaTvis, rom man Sens udi-des gonebaSi Casaxa aseTi miswrafeba da movaleobis grZno-

ba sarwmunoebis winaSe; Sen imdenad amSvideb Cvens suls da

survils qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacvisaTvis da misi

moZRvrebisaTvis zrunviT, rom gvaxarebs qristianTa warma-

teba~1. amonaridi sruliad naTels xdis, rom qarTlis mefe

osmaleTis saxelmwifos da misgan Seqmnil saSiSroebaze ar

wers romis paps.

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., I, gv. 217.

156

Kkonstantines werilSi mxolod erTi winadadebaa sa-

qarTvelos, kerZod, misi samefos, qarTlis mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb. amave werilSi gamosWvivis iranis agresiiT Sewuxe-

buli qveynis meTauris arapirdapiri Txovna mtrisagan dasa-

cavad daxmarebis Sesaxeb. samagierod, Tu espanelebi kon-

stantinopolis ganTavisuflebas Seecdebian, maSin kon-

stantine mefe mTeli Tavisi jariT Seutevs osmaleTs, rome-

lic qarTvelebis ki ara, evropelTa Tavis tkivili aris.

qarTveli mefe espaneTis xelisuflebas elCebis doneze ur-

TierTobis gagrZelebas sTavazobs1.

qarTveli elCebi espaneTSi Cavidnen 1495 wlis ian-

varSi da iq darCnen dekembramde. maTi espaneTSi yofnis Se-

saxeb gvaqvs uaRresad mwiri, magram saintereso cnobebi,

romelTa msgavsi dasavleT evropaSi gagzavnili arc erTi

qarTuli elCobis Sesaxeb ar gagvaCnia.

cnobili xdeba, rom espaneTis mTavrobam elCebs gamo-

uyo fuli tanisamosis Sesakerad da xuTi jori mogzauro-

bisaTvis. maT emsaxurebodaT erTi gamyoli, vinme garsia de

badaxosi. elCebs samgzavro xarjebisaTvis gamouyves 300

dukati anu 112.500 maravedi2 [5:].

1495 wlis martSi elCebi seviliaSi Cavidnen da cxov-

robdnen pedro de huvarilios saxlSi. qalaqis sastumroe-

bis patronma, municipaluri sabWosa da grafi de sifuente-

sis brZanebiT, Tavis Tavze aiRo elCebis am qalaqSi cxov-

rebis xarjebi.

nilo da zaqaria, imave wlis ivlisSi, imyofebodnen q.

burgosSi. aq daiwera espaneTis mefeebis sapasuxo werili3

qarTveli mefisadmi.

werilis mixedviT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom qarTvelma

elCebma sakmaod kargi STabeWdileba moaxdines espaneTis

1 cicncaZe i., dasax. naSr., gv. 83.

2 dokumentebi, #1 b. 3 werili pirvelad gamoaqveyna e. xinTibiZem, axali masalebi qar-

Tveli mefeTa espaneTSi mimoweris Sesaxeb. `ciskari~, 1986, #3, gv.

148.

157

samefo karze. isini moxseniebulni arian, rogorc `SesaniS-

navi, RvTismosavi da brwyinvale oratorebi~.

yuradRebas ipyrobs nilos da zaqarias moxsenieba

oratorebad. Zveli romis diplomatiur samsaxurSi iyvnen

specialuri elCebi, romlebsac daniSnulebis adgilas zepi-

rad unda gadaecaT esa Tu is davaleba. radgan qarTvelma

elCebma, faqtobrivad, diplomatiuri molaparakebisaTvis

umTavresi sakiTxebi werilobiTi saxiT ki ar waiRes, aramed

zepirad unda moexsenebinaT, amitom espaneTis diplomatiur-

ma uwyebam maT mimarT gamoiyena garkveuli kategoriis elCe-

bisaTvis gankuTvnili es saxelwodeba _ oratori.

rogorc Cans, mefe konstantinem gaiTvaliswina papis ku-

riis interesi qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kaTo-

likuri eklesiisadmi daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb da mas, daxma-

rebis sanacvlod dapirda, rom Tu ferara-florenciis kre-

bis (1437-1439) gadawyvetilebs gaugzavnida, maT gaecnoboda

da Sesabamis daskvnas gamoitanda. am TxovniT mefe da misi

diplomatebi paps garkveul imeds usaxavdnen eklesiaTa Se-

erTebis Sesaxeb. Aamgvarad, qarTlis mefe paps im gadawyveti-

lebebis gagzavnas sTxovda, romlebic, erT dros, imave saek-

lesio krebis qarTvelma delegatebma uaryves. aRfrTovanebu-

li papi, rogorc misi epistoledan Cans, konstantines pasu-

xobs: `Cven uaRresad moxaruli varT, rom Seni udidebuleso-

ba miiswrafis namdvil marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebas Cas-

wvdes da Cveni saxiT sTxovs Cvens uwmindes samociqulo

taxts, mTeli qristianobis meTaurs, Camoayalibos yvelaferi

rac ki Seexeba am sarwmunoebis swor dacvas... amitom Cven ax-

la gigzavniT krebis dadgenilebas, werilSi Cadebuls da

Cveni beWdiT daluquls, da vTavazobT Sens Tavdadebulobas,

ubrZanoT: gaavrcelon da miiRon igi Seni qveynis yvela pro-

vinciaSi, rogorc qristeze, uflis WeSmarit Svilze, miTiTe-

bebi da dadgenilebebi... maSin Cven yvelani viqnebiT erTianni

da axlobelni... maSin verc erTi mtruli iaraRi veraviTar

zians ver mogvayenebs, vinaidan mjera, rom maTze gaimarjvebs

158

meufeba~1. ramdenadac cnobili ar aris rodis an rogor dab-

runda nilo samSobloSi (dabrunda ki?), amdenad arc is vi-

ciT rogori reaqcia hqonda konstantine I-s florenciis sa-

eklesio krebis gadawyvetilebebze.

espaneTis kaTolike mefeebi (ase uwodebdnen ferdinan-

dsa da izabelas) did sixaruls gamoxataven qarTveli mefis

kaTolikuri sarwmunoebisadmi èrTgulebisa, misdami samsa-

xurisa da pativiscemis gamo~. sainteresoa ras gulisxmobda

konstantine mefe kaTolicizmisadmi gamoTqmul sityvebSi?

misi garkveva saWiroa imitomac, rom gaazrebuli iqnes xuce-

si nilos mier kaTolikobis àRiareba~ espaneTSi an romSi.

qarTvelma saeklesio da saero moRvaweebma, ra Tqma

unda, icodnen, rom jer kidev 1245 wels (ferara-florenci-

is saeklesio krebamde didi xniT adre) papma inokenti IV-m

(1243-1254), aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis qristianebis gasa-

erTianeblad, lionSi moiwvia XIII msoflio saeklesio kre-

ba. krebis dawyebis win paps undoda am qalaqSi Seekriba aR-

mosavleTis eklesiebis ierarqebi, raTa isini SeerTebodnen

romis eklesias da erToblivad ebrZolaT monRolTa saSiS-

roebis winaaRmdeg. 25 marts papma Tavisi warmomadgenlebis

xeliT gaugzavna werilebi yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is meTaurs, maT Soris ìverielebisa~ da `qarTvelebis~

ierarqebs. werilebSi xazgasmuli iyo romis upiratesoba,

gamoTqmuli iyo didi mwuxareba qristianTa gayofis gamo

da adrindeli erTobisaken mouwodebda2. saeklesio krebis Semdeg, imave wlis 15 ivliss, inoken-

ti IV-m kvlav mouwoda saqarTvelos patriarqs3, `daub-

rundes erTian eklesias~4.

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 217-219; TamaraSvili m., qarTuli ek-

lesia dasabamidan dRemde, Tb., 1995, gv. 83

2 Приходько Г., История христианства в Казахстане и Средней Азии в Средние века, Караганда, 2000, с. 15. 3 XIII s. 40-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo arsen IV (1241/2-

1249/50).

4 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 88.

159

papis mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb informi-

rebuli iyvnen kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebi, maT Soris espa-

neTis is samefoebic, romlebic kaTolicizmis gamarjvebis

lozungiT jer kidev arabebs ebrZodnen. espaneTis gaerTia-

nebis Semdeg ki, ferdinandi Tavgamodebuli kaTolike iyo

(rad Rirs imis aRniSvna, rom man da isabelma 1480 wels kas-

tiliaSi SemoiRes inkviziciis tribunali). Yyovelive es

qarTlis samefo karze cnobili iyo ierusalimidan perio-

dulad miRebuli informaciebiT, bevr rames nilosTan er-

Tad saqarTveloSi mosuli espaneTis elCisganac Seit-

yobdnen. Kkonstantines mier kaTolicizmisadmi gamoxatuli

damokidebuleba mxolod espaneTis kaTolike mefeebis gu-

lis mogebisaTvis iyo da mas realuri safuZveli ar hqonda.

Aamas maTqmevinebs Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos dasavleT

evropasTan xangrZlivi urTierTobis analizi. Aar gagvaCnia

arc erTi dokumenturad dadasturebuli faqti, romelime

mefis, kariskacis an sasuliero piris mier kaTolikobis mi-

Rebisa, garda politikuri mosazrebiT àRiarebisa~ da Sem-

deg monaniebis oriode SemTxvevisa.

espaneTisMmefeebis werilidan Cans, rom maTTvis cnobi-

lia saqarTvelos arasaxarbielo mdgomareoba, magram saime-

dos arafers pirdebian. mTavaria qarTvelebma kaToliciz-

mis gamarjvebisaTvis ibrZolon: `rogorc gviambes, yovel-

dRiurad usiamovnebebi gaqvT da safrTxe ar gSordebaT, ra-

sac didi gulistkiviliT ganvicdiT da mainc yvelafrisaT-

vis madli unda SevwiroT ufals da SevevedroT, rom Tqven-

ca da mTeli saqristiano, urwmunoTa Zalisa da batonobi-

sagan gamoixsnas, daicvas da gamarjvebuli ataros. eWvi ar

aris, ufali RmerTi am saqmeSi Tavis RvTiur wyalobas ar

mogvaklebs, Tu Tqveni brwyinvaleba kaTolikuri sarwmunoe-

bis dacvisa da ganaxlebisaTvis Zveleburi SemarTebiT ib-

rZolebs da mters SeaCerebs. amis gansaxorcieleblad auci-

lebelia dawyebuli saqmis bolomde miyvana, risTvisac

kvlav TxovniT mivmarTavT Tqvens brwyinvalebas da uflis

gulisaTvis vevedrebiT... danarCen winadadebebs, Tqveni sit-

yvebi rom gadmogvces zemoxsenebulma oratorebma, viwonebT

160

da aseTi sikeTisaTvis did madlobas gwiravT... sxva rameeb-

zec gulwrfeli pasuxebi gaveciT xsenebul oratorebs; isi-

ni rasac ityvian, Tqveni brwyinvaleba inebebs maTTvis mfar-

velobis gawevas~1.

werilidan ar Cans konkretulad ra moTxovnebi hqon-

da mefe konstantines, romlebze pasuxic espaneTis mefeebma

aseve zepirad gamougzavnes.

konstantine mefis da espaneTis mefeebis werilebs

rodesac vecnobiT, naTeli xdeba, rom 130 wlis Semdegac ki

(gavixsenoT cnobili sasuliero moRvawisa da diplomatis

nikifore irbaxis _ nikoloz ColoyaSvilis elCoba espa-

neTsa da romSi), TiTqmis araferi Seicvala qarTveli mefis

espaneTis samefo karisadmi saTxovarsa da am ukanasknelis

pasuxSi. Sinaarsobrivad ramdenad axlosaa werilebi erTma-

neTTan, rogor nacnobia qarTveli mefis paTosi qristiano-

bis mtrebTan brZolis Sesaxeb, SeparviT Txovna iranis ag-

resiisagan TavdacvaSi daxmarebis Sesaxeb da espaneTis

mTavrobis dinji, damrigebluri toni. ra Tqma unda, im So-

reul warsulSi im manZils riTac saqarTvelo da EespaneTi

erTmaneTisagan daSorebuli iyo garkveuli mniSvneloba

hqonda, magram es momenti mainc gadamwyveti ar iyo, rogorc

zogierTi mkvlevari fiqrobs. ubralod, XV saukunis 90-ian

da XVII saukunis 20-ian wlebSic espaneTis saxelmwifos in-

teresebs ar Seesabameboda saqarTvelosaTvis daxmareba da

misi gulisaTvis arc iranisa da arc osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

brZola. xom cnobilia, espanelebi, roca maTi saxelmwifos

interesebisaTvis saWiro iyo, manZilsa da xifaTs ar uSin-

debodnen. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis XVII s. I naxevaris espa-

neTze. ase, rom espaneTis mier saqarTvelosaTvis daxmarebis

ar gaweva am or qveyanas Soris arsebuli didi manZilis ga-

mo gamarTleba, sworad ar mimaCnia.

rogorc iTqva espaneTSi ori qarTveli elCi _

mRvdlebi nilo da zaqaria imyofebodnen, romSi ki mivida

1 dokumentebi, #2, gv. 306-308.

161

mxolod nilo. amis Sesaxeb aRniSnulia papi aleqsandre VI-

is sapasuxo werilSi konstantine mefisadmi1. gamoTqmulia

varaudi, TiTqos zaqaria gzaSi gardaicvala. SeiZleba es

marTlac ase moxda, magram ar aris gamoricxuli, rom zaqa-

ria, mefis sxva davalebasac asrulebda, an igi espaneTidan

pirdapir samSobloSi dabrunda.

Nnilom romidan wamoiRo aleqsandre VI-is sapasuxo

werili, romelSic avtori iwonebs mefe konstantines we-

rilSi dasmul ramdenime mniSvnelovan sakiTxs: 1. mefis mi-

er samociqulo taxtisadmi pativiscemisa da erTgulebis

gamoxatvas; 2. muslimanTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobis mowyobis

mowodebas; 3. wminda miwis ganTavisuflebisaTvis zrunvas; 4.

miswrafebas, Caswvdes namdvil marTlmadideblur (am Sem-

TxvevaSi kaTolikur) sarwmunoebas da paps sTxovs `Camoaya-

libos yvelaferi, rac ki Seexeba am sarwmunoebis swor

dacvas~; 5. papma gaugzavnos `sarwmunoebrivi gadawyvetile-

ba, romelic Camoyalibebulia florenciis krebaze~.

Ppapma konstantine II-s mxolod bolo, mexuTe Txovna

Seusrula: man konstantines gaugzavna florenciis krebis

gadawyvetileba da tyviiT dabeWdili werili2.

i. cincaZem papis mier xucesi nilosTvis micemul sare-

komendacio baraTis mixedviT daaskvna, rom igi evropidan

samSobloSi kaToliked dabrunda3. amis dajereba SeuZlebe-

lia, radgan papis mier gacemul dokumentSi msgavsi araferi

weria. masSi nilo moxseniebulia mxolod wm. basilis orde-

nis wevrad. Aam dros basilianobis mimarT romis damokidebu-

leba kompromisuli iyo, radgan aRniSnuli mimdinareobis

wevroba, rogoradac evropaSi elCebad gagzavnili qarTveli

sasuliero pirebi TavianT Tavs acxadebdnen xolme, raRac

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, tf.,

1902, gv. 64-66; TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRem-

de, Tb., 1995, gv. 460-462; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 217-219.

2 mamisTvaliSvili e., dasax. naSr., gv. 99-101. 3 cincaZe i., dasax. naSr., gv. 26.

162

saSualo rgoli iyo marTlmadideblobasa da kaTolicizms

Soris. isic unda iTqvas, rom XV saukuneSi romis eklesia

garkveul daTmobebze midioda qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. Se-

iZleba gavixsenoT erTi faqti: nilos romSi yofnis dros

papis aleqsandre VI-is kancelariaSi 1496 wels specialurad

qarTlis mefe konstantine meoresaTvis Seiqmna saintereso

dokumenti _ `samaxsovro~. masSi nabrZanebia, rom sityva-sit-

yviT gadaweron aleqsandre VI-is winamorbedi papis evgenius

IV-is (1431-1447) erTi werili, aRmoCenili mis reestrSi (Cana-

werebis wigni). werili Seicavda evgenius IV-is im daTmobebs

qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, `romelic gadmocemulia (exla,

1496 wels _e.m.) Cvens mier qristes usayvarlesi Svilis qar-

TvelTa ubrwyinvalesi mefis konstantines mimarT. werili amtkicebs, rom mefe saWiroebs aseT daTmobas mis qveyanaSi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis arsebobisaTvis. mefis ase-Ti daJinebiTi Txovnis gamo Cven vubrZaneT gadascen (weri-

lis) Sinaarsi, romelic gamoixateba SemdegSi...~1. aleqsandre

VI-is werilSi sami wertilia dasmuli da aRar Cans raSi

mdgomareobda qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiisadmi

daTmobebi. mxolod naTqvamia, rom `qarTveli mefe uerTdeba

romis eklesias. qarTvelebi... romis eklesiasTan maTi erTia-

nobis aRdgena. 1496 weli~2.

konstantines kaTolikur eklesiasTan `SeerTebasa~ da

èrTianobis aRdgenaSi~, ferara-florenciis saeklesio kre-

bis Semdeg saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesiasa da

romis eklesias Soris Camovardnili uTanxmoebis gabaTile-

ba igulisxmeba. ramdenad gaiziara saqarTvelos xelisuf-

lebam evgenius IV-is winadadebebi Tu daTmobebi, amis gar-

kveva dRes SeuZlebelia. Mmagram gvaqvs zogierTi miniSneba,

romlebic warmodgenas gviqmnis romsa da saqarTvelos So-

ris urTierTobaze.

1 tabaRua, dasax, naSr., gv. 219-220. 2 iqve, gv. 110.

163

saqarTvelos warmomadgenlis argumentirebulma pro-

testma ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetile-

bebis gamo, aiZula papi evgenius IV daTmobebze wasuliyo

qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. samwuxarod ar gvaqvs is doku-

menti, romelSic konkretulad aisaxa is daTmobebi, romlis

safuZvelze naxevari saukunis Semdeg, papis aleqsandre VI-

is brZanebiT, specialurad qarTlis mefe konstantine meo-

resaTvis 1496 wels `samaxsovro~ Seadgines.

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis Semdeg rom sag-

rZnoblad Sesustda urTierToba saqarTvelosa da roms So-

ris, amis maCvenebelia Tundac is, rom 1328 wels TbilisSi

gadmotanilma kaTolike episkoposis kaTedram, krebis Sem-

deg arseboba Sewyvita. karga xans TbilisSi kaTolike

episkposebi aRar iyvnen. kaTedra aRsdga mxolod 1493 wels.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saeWvoa, rom romSi imgvari

zemoqmedeba moexdinaT xuces niloze, rom igi kaTolikobis

aRiarebis aucileblobis winaSe damdgariyo, rasac Semdgom

periodSi romis papebi qarTvelebisagan kategoriulad mo-

iTxovdnen.

marTalia, mRvdel nilos elCobis Sedegebze cnobebi

ar gagvaCnia, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom raime seriozulis

miRweva SeuZlebeli iyo. im saxelmwifoebs (egvipte, espane-

Ti, romi), romelTa meTaurebTanac man molaparakebebi awar-

mova, TavianTi problemebi da interesebi hqondaT.

espanuri masalebi XVI saukunis saqarTvelos diplomatiuri

urTierTobis istoriis zogierTi epizodis Sesaxeb

gadis TiTqmis naxevari saukune da espanur wyaroebSi

Cndeba mcire informacia saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. vidre uSua-

lod dokuments gavecnobodeT, manamade unda iTqvas Semdegi:

dokumentis Sinaarsi migvaniSnebs, rom espaneTis samefo kari

regularulad iRebda cnobebs axlo aRmosavleTidan. igi sa-

qarTveloSi mimdinare ambebisa saqmis kursSi iyo. ase iyo yo-

velTvis, rodesac axlo aRmosavleTSo mwvavdeboda viTareba

164

osmaleTisa da iranis dapirispirebis Sedegad. samefo karis

aRmosavleTis sakiTxebiT dainteresebis maCvenebelia im ko-

respondeciebis nakadi, romelic misi elCebisa da agentebis

mier aRmosavleTidan espaneTSi igzavneboda.

1548 wlis maisiT daTariRebul dokumentSi, romlis

saTauria ìberiis mefis winadadeba karlos V-s1~, aris mok-

le mimoxilva im masalisa, romelic erTjerad Sevida same-

fo kancelariaSi. savaraudoa, iq msgavsi werilebi mcire

raodenobiT ar iyo, magram isini mkvlevarTaTvis miuwvdome-

li darCa. dokumentSi vkiTxulobT: `konstantinopolis pa-

triarqma2 kapadokiis mitropolitis xeliT karlos V-s ga-

ugzavna Tavisi da iberiis mefis werilebi. es werilebi da-

werili iyo 1548 wlis martSi. isini iq miitana xsenebulma

episkoposma. am werilebSi naTqvami iyo, rom Tu misi dide-

buleba moisurvebs wamoiwyos laSqroba aRmosavleTSi, es

mefe [iberiis mefe] mas daexmareba 30 aTasi kaciT da masTan

erTad gagzavnis Tavis erT vaJiSvils3. patriarqi adastu-

rebs, rom yvela qristiani, romelic imyofeba konstantino-

polSi, mzad aris imisaTvis, rom xelT aiRos iaraRi da

mokvdes misi udidebulesobis samsaxurSi~4.

dokumentis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom saqme gvaqvs osmaleTTan dapirispirebuli qveynebis

tradiciuli sagareo politikis gagreZelebasTan. kerZod,

1547 wels osmaleTma zavi dasdo habsburgebis saxelmwifos-

Tan da ungreTTan da maSinve omi ganaaxla iranTan. osma-

leTma omis dasawyisSive did warmatebasac miaRwia.

1 karl V habsburgi, saRvTo romis imperatori habsburgebis dinas-

tiidan 1519-1556 wlebSi. 2 am dros konstantinopolis patriarqi iyo dionisius II (1546-1555). 3 luarsab mefis Svilebidan cnobilia mxolod ori _ svimoni da

daviTi. svimoni (SemdegSi qarTlis mefe svimon I, 1556-1569, 1578-1600)

daviTze ufrosi iyo. svimoni 1548 wlisTvis unda yofiliyo mxo-

lod 11 wlis, igi daibada 1537 wels (ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., mefe

svimon I, Tb., 2009, gv. 6). daviTis dabadebis weli ucnobia. 4 dok., #3, gv. 308-309.

165

osmaleTis mier agresiuli omis warmarTva aRmosavle-

Tis mimarTulebiT ar awyobdaT am regionis qveynebs, maT

Soris iransa da saqarTvelos. rac Seexeba omis msvlelo-

biT dainteresebul konstantinopolis sapatriarqosa da

mis patriarqs, osmalebis mier samxedro operaciebis war-

marTva iranisa da saqarTvelos sawinaaRmdegod, miuRebeli

iyo im ubralo mizeziT, rom amis Semdeg evropis saxelmwi-

foebi Sewyvetdnen dasavleTidan osmaleTze samxedro ze-

wolas da, maTi varaudiT, did xniT gadaideboda konstanti-

nopolisa da saberZneTis gaTavisufleba da bizantiis sa-

xelmwifos aRdgena. aRniSnuliT iyo ganpirobebuli kon-

stantinopolis patriarqis aqtiuroba. aRmosavleTis poli-

tikosebis gagebiT, osmaleTis daZleva mxolod aRmosavle-

Tidan da dasavleTidan erTdrouli SeteviT SeiZleoda.

osmaleTma iranis winaaRmdeg laSqroba daiwyo 1548

wlis 29 marts. savaraudoa, ìberiis mefe~ luarsab I da

konstantinopolis patriarqi dionisius II Tvals adev-

nebdnen osmaleTis samzadiss iranis winaaRmdeg, rac saqar-

TvelosaTvisac (qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebi, samcxe-saa-

Tabago) saSiSroebas Seicavda. amitom 29 martamde, vidre

iran-osmaleTis omi gaCaRdeboda, espaneTis mefesTan gaag-

zavnes TavianTi werilebi, romlebic anotirebulia maisis

TveSi, karl V-is kancelariaSi.

sainteresoa, rom qarTveli mefe luarsabis werilis

velze iyo minaweri: `Tavis droze, ambebis msvlelobis

dros, moigoneben am mefis (luarsab I-is _e.m.) winadadebas

da mxars dauWeren mas~2. samwuxarod cnobili ar aris, ro-

dis da vin dauWira mxari luarsab mefis winadadebas.

1551 wels somxebis, qarTvelebis da sirieli maronite-

bis saxifaTo mdgomareobis amsaxveli da maTTvis daxmarebis

aucileblobaze Txovnis werili gaugzavnia somxebis patri-

2 iqve, gv. 309.

166

arqs stefane V-s1 (1545-1567). werilis mixedviT dasaxelebul

xalxebs xifaTs uqmnida iransa da osmaleTs Soris mimdina-

re omebi. werilis adresati aris espaneTis mefis karl V-is

mrCeveli antonio perenoti, granvelis mbrZanebeli2.

bunebrivia, iran-osmaleTis xangrZlivi omebis Sede-

gad, dasaxelebuli xalxebi zaraldebodnen. werilis espa-

neTSi gagzavnis win osmalebma seriozul warmatebas miaR-

wies. maT Tavrizic aiRes 1548 wlis 27 ivliss. iranis jarma

marcxi ganicada somxeTSic. 1549 wlis zafxulSi osmalebma

Seteva daiwyes saqarTveloze, kerZod mis samxreT nawilze,

samcxe-saaTabagoze da mniSvnelovani cixeebi daipyres. sam-

cxeSi gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba Seiqmna3. dasaSvebia,

rom samcxis aTabagi manuCar I-ic iyo espaneTSi werilis

gagzavnis iniciatorTa Soris.

24 aprilis werilSi kvlav meordeba qarTvelebisa da

sparselebis antiosmaluri gaerTianebis Sesaxeb: `qarTvele-

bi gaerTiandnen sparselebTan; maT hyavT bevri mZevali, ga-

aCniaT didi rwmena; aris qveiTi jari, romlis daxmarebiTac

Sahs imedi aqvs, rom gaimarjvebs~4.

imave wlis 4 ivliss espaneTis dedaqalaq madridSi uk-

ve icodnen samcxis aTabagTa ojaxis wevris, yvaryvare IV

aTabagis (1573-1582) umcrosis Zmis manuCaris gamuslimebis Se-

saxeb. xuan sornosa konstantinopolidan acnobebda, rom ìm

qarTvelma, romelic warsulSi gamahmadianda5, sazeimod gaia-

ra windacveTis wesi da gaxda Tavisi qveynis beglarbegi. mi-

si Zma _ misi ufrosi, jer rCeba Tavisi religiis erTguli

da igi aiZules wasuliyo sofelSi, raTa Caketiliyo Tavis

1 dokumentis anotaciaSi SecdomiT dasaxelebulia stefan III, ro-

melic X saukunis pirveli naxevris moRvawe iyo. dok. #5, gv. 98. 2 iqve, gv. 98 3 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan. XVI-

XVII ss. Tb., 1971, gv. 63-67. 4 dok. #4, gv. 309-310. 5 1579 wlis 25 ivnisi.

167

saxlSi Savi Wiris saSiSroebis gamo~1. sxvaTa Soris, unda

iTqvas, rom yvaryvare IV-isa da manuCaris konstantinopolSi

yofnis Sesaxeb sakmao cnobebia Semonaxuli sxvadasxva enaze.

amjerad citirebuli cnobis siaxles warmoadgens is, rom

yvaryvareTi ukmayofilo osmaleTis xelisuflebas, igi Zmi-

sagan CamouSorebia da sadRac sofelSi Cauketia.

friad sayuradRebo cnobas manuCar II-is da misi dedis

_ dedisimedis Sesaxeb vnaxulobT kristobal de salasaris

mier veneciidan mefe filipe II-sTan gagzavnil werilSi. mar-

Talia, igi veneciaSia dawerili, magram mocemuli ambis Sesa-

xeb informacia kristobals konsatantinopolidan unda mie-

Ro, razec misi Sinaarsi migvaniSnebs. masSi naTqvamia: `movida

erTi qarTveli. romelic ambobda, rom igi aris am xalxis

elCi da Camovida Turqebsa da sparselebs Soris sazavo mo-

laparakebis mizniT. amis gamo mis mimarT gamoiCines didi yu-

radReba: mis Sesaxvedrad gagzavnes bevri jariskaci, xolo

mosayvanad _ ori galeri. sinamdvileSi ki igi gagzavnili

iyo erT-erTi qarTveli mmarTveli qalbatonis mier, romlis

samflobelo esazRvreba TurqeTis miwebs erzerumis mxridan.

am mmarTvel qalbatons yovelTvis megobruli urTierToba

hqonda TurqebTan (amboben, rom es qarTveli iyo am qalbato-

nis vaJi), raTa am qarTveli qristianisaTvis _ misi vaJiSvi-

lisaTvis miecaT zogierTi privilegia da aseve moexsenebina,

Tu ra gakeTda misi mmarTvelobis dros~2.

is, rac werilSia naTqvami manuCaris konstantinopol-

Si Casvlis mizezTan dakavSirebiT (iran-osmaleTs Soris

zavis dadebaSi Suakacobis Sesaxeb) sruliad ucnobi fur-

celia manuCaris moRvaweobidan da ar unda Seesabamebodes

sinamdviles. jer erTi, 8 ivliss, werilis daweris dros,

manuCari konstantinopolSi aRar imyofeboda. manuCari da

1 dok., #5, gv. 310. manuCaris da yvaryvares konstantinopolSi mis-

vlisa da manuCaris gamuslimanebis Sesaxeb ix. mamisTvaliSvili e.,

saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, I, gv. 413-418 2 dok., #6, gv. 311.

168

yvaryvare 1579 wlis 15 ivliss samSobloSi dabrundnen. meo-

rec, Zmebis konstantinopolSi misvla da manuCaris win-

dacveTa didi zeimiT aRiniSna da werilis daweris droi-

saTvis sul axali momxdari ambavi iyo. Zmebis samSobloSi

gamomgzavrebis Semdeg, albaT, am qalaqSi sxva romelime

qarTuli samefos warmomadgeneli Cavida, romlis vinaoba

espanelma droulad ver gaarkvia da Tavis mefes araswori

informacia gaugzavna.

xuan de marlianis Aantonio peresisadmi gagzavnil

werilebSi (21, 23, 24 aprili), romlebic adresatma 9 ivliss

miiRo, naTqvamia, rom dasaxelebuli xuan de marliani vinme

jakomo mormoraisa da veneciel bailos Sexveda. saubari

iyo mraval sakiTxze, magram yuradReba gansakuTrebiT gau-

maxvilebiaT iran-osmaleTis omze. bailos uTqvams, rom is

warmoadgens informacias, romelic mas patriarqma gaug-

zavna, magram romelma patriarqma, amas ar aRniSnavs, albaT

imitom, rom mosaubreTaTvis cnobili iyo vis gulisxmobda

venecieli bailo. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom es iyo kon-

stantinopolis patriarqi, romelsac sxva patriarqebTan Se-

darebiT sando da swori informaciis mopovebis meti saSua-

leba hqonda. usaubriaT im samxedro Zalaze, romelic gaaC-

ndaT qarTvelebs; ganuxilavT is saSualebebi, romlebic

oasmaleTis jaris sardalma lala Mmustafa faSam gamoiye-

na saqarTveloSi SesaWrelad; bolos isic uTqvamT, ra

gziT SeiZleboda cnobebis mopoveba omis msvlelobaze.

sakiTxis ganxilvis dros Tqmula, `rom qarTvelTa

qveyanaSi aris oTxi mmarTveli, rom maTgan yvelaze pataras

hyavs 5 aTasi fexosani da cxenosani mebrZoli, meores _ 10

aTasi, mesames _ 40 aTasi da meoTxes _ 60 aTasi; da rom ma-

Ti gaerTianebuli Zalebi sakmarisi iqneba, rom winaaRmde-

goba gauwion Turqebis jarebis winsvlas. amas xels Seuw-

yobs kidev ori faqtori: qveynis Zneli gasasvleli adgile-

bi da is, rom qarTveli jariskacebi ukeTesebi arian, vidre

Turqebi~. imave TaTbirze aRniSnes qarTvelTa susti mxare,

kerZod, samxedro Zalis oTx nawilad daqsaqsva. aRniSnes,

rom rodesac mustafam pirvel-or samflobeloSi gaiara

169

(moTaTbireni gulisxmobdnen samcxe-saaTabagosa da qar-

Tlis samefos), adgilobrivma xelisuflebam osmalebs wina-

aRmdegoba ver gauwia Zalis ukmarisobis gamo. osmalebs

maTTvis saCuqrebi da raRac dapirebebic miuciaT. `mesamem

(kaxeTis mefem _e.m.) dainaxa, rom Mmustafa faSa imyofeba

mis miwaze, mixvda, rom oris Zala araa sakmarisi winaaRmde-

gobis gasawevad, xolo daxmarebas ar uwevs maT, vinaidan

mteri mis samTavroSi ki ar SeiWra. amitom misca maT ufle-

ba gaevloT mis teritoriaze~. isic Tqves, rom Mmustafa fa-

Sas aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi warmatebebis mopovebaSi xe-

li Seuwyo saqarTvelos daqucmacebulma mdgomareobam. Sem-

deg qarTveli mbrZaneblebi gons moegnen da mustafa lala

faSas xels uSlidnen jaris momaragebaSi, `Tvlidnen, rom

maT ukve dauSves Secdoma, rom misces mustafas xsenebul

qalaqSi Sesvlis ufleba da axla cdilobdnen xeli SeeSa-

laT misi Semdgomi gadasvlisaTvis~. xazgasmulia is gare-

moeba, rom osmalebisaTvis saSiSi iyo saqarTveloSi yofna,

radgan am qveynis oTxi mmarTveli gaerTianda da axla wina-

aRmdegobis gasawevad sakmao Zala gaaCniaT. is cnobac dau-

zustebiaT, romlis mixedviTac sparselebs TiTqos Tbilisi

auRiaT, beglarbegi da mravali Turqi mouklavT. magram yo-

velive es marTali ar aRmoCnda1.

werilebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, espaneTis warmo-

madgenlebi aRmosavleTidan swor informacias ugzavnidnen

Tavis mTavrobas. marTlac, Tu CavukvirdebiT werilebis Si-

naarss, maTSi ZiriTadad, sworadaa gadmocemuli saqarTve-

loSi osmalebis SemoWris, saomari operaciebis mimdinareo-

bis, svimon I-is meTaurobiT osmalebis winaaRmdeg dawyebuli

ganmaTavisuflebeli omis Sesaxeb. ganxiluli sakiTxebi moi-

cavs 1578 w. agvistodan, e. i. osmaleTis jarebis saqarTvelo-

Si SemoWris droidan _ 1579 wlis aprilamde momxdar ambebs2.

1 dok., #7, gv. 112-115. 2 vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., dasax. naSr., gv. 190-222.

170

1579 wlis agvistoSi Sedgenil `moxsenebaSi Mmustafa

faSas samxedro operaciebis Sesaxeb~, yuradReba gamaxvile-

bulia umTavresad saqarTveloSi arsebul politikur situ-

aciasa da aq mimdinare saomar moqmedebebze. dokumentSi ga-

mokveTilad Cans espaneTis samefo karis solidaroba osma-

leTis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli saqarTvelos mimarT da misi

daintereseba saqarTvelos gaerTianebiT, raTa man ufro

efeqturad ibrZolos espaneTis samefo karis avstrieli na-

Tesavebis _ habsburgebis interesebisaTvis, romlebic espa-

neTsa da mis samflobeloebs ganagebdnen 1516-1700 wlebSi.

`moxseneba~ iwyeba osmalo sardlis saqarTvelos saz-

RvrebSi SeWris da samcxe-saaTabagos gamgeblebTan _ alfa-

iet beisa (yvaryvare IV) da manuCarTan misi SeTanxmebis gad-

mocemiT. iqidanve vigebT, rom sardalma maT aRuTqva `mniS-

vnelovani Rirsebebi da mmarTveloba~.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs erTi cnoba sam-

cxis umsxvilesi feodalis kokola SalikaSvilis Sesaxeb. ai

ras vkiTxulobT `moxsenebaSi~: ìm (saaTabagos _e.m.) saz-

RvrebSi iyo kidev erTi qarTveli batoni, romelic atarebda

saxels _ kokola bei, romelic Svidi Tu rva wlis win, sefia-

nebis erTguli, qristianobidan iranis seqtis mahmadiani gaxda.

igi Tavidanve winaaRmdegobas uwevda mustafas, magram mixvda,

rom ukve ver gaumklavdeboda mas, Tavis dedasTan, colTan,

bavSvebTan da yvela TavisianTan erTad SahTan gaiqca~.

kokola1 SalikaSvili iyo yvaryvare IV-isa da manuCa-

ris dedis dedisimedis mier mokluli varaza SalikaSvilis

Ze. kokola, Sah Tamazis colis Zma iyo da aRniSnuli mkvle-

lobis Semdeg igi aTabagis ojaxis winaaRmdeg dawyebuli

ajanyebis meTauri gaxda. mas sparselebic exmarebodnen. ami-

tomac iyo, rom saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi SemoWrilma osma-

lebma pirvelad kokolas samflobeloebi daipyres, romlis

1 wyaroebSi igi sxvadasxva saxeliT gvxvdeba: kikola, Mahmud xan

dirazis Ze, varaza oRlu kaikud-xani. iqve, gv. 399.

171

erTi nawili (mag. axalqalaqi), manuCars gadasces1. espanur

wyaro im siaxles Seicavs, rom kokolas osmalebis samcxeSi

SeWris Semdeg colSvilianaT Tavi Seufarebia iranSi. ro-

gorc Cans, igi SemdegSi iranidan dabrunda da osmalebTan

morigeba SeZlo2.

`moxsenebaSi~ kvlav laparakia saqarTvelos danawevre-

bis im uaryofiT Sedegebze, ramac osmalebs am qveynis da-

morCileba da masze daubrkoleblad gavlis Sedegad aRmo-

savleT amierkavkasiaSi laSqroba gauadvila. konkretulad

dasaxelebulia kaxeTis mefe levan bei (levan kaxTa mefe. si-

namdvileSi am dros mefe iyo aleqsandre II), romelsac ira-

nis Sahma usayvedura imis gamo, rom man Tavisi samefos teri-

toriaze gaatara osmaleTis jari, rac, marTlac, aleq-

sandresa da lala Mmustafa faSas Soris SeTanxmebis Sede-

gad moxda3. yuradRebas iqcevs espaneli moxeleebis mier sa-

qarTvelos SeiaraRebuli ZalebisaTvis im mniSvnelobis mini-

Weba, romelsac SeeZlo seriozuli gavlena moexdina iran-

osmaleTis omis msvlelobaze mis sawyis etapzec ki. isini

amitomac amaxvileben yuradRebas saqarTvelos gaerTianebis

aucileblobaze, mis diplomatiasa da SeiaraRebul Zalebze.

espanuri wyaros mixedviT, aleqsandre II ar Rebulob-

da Sahis mier gamoTqmul sayvedurs. misi pasuxi iyo, rom

mas ar SeeZlo osmalebisaTvis winaaRmdegoba gaewia, radgan

sxva qarTvelma mefe-mTavrebma mas mxari ar dauWires. kaxTa

mefe Sahs dahpirda, momavalSi, Tu sparselebi daexmarebod-

nen osmalebs, winaaRmdegobas gauwevda da Tavis teritoria-

ze ar gaatarebda.

ùndoda, ra darwmunebuliyo sxva qarTvel mmar-

TvelTa ganzraxvaSi, _ vkiTxulobT `moxsenebaSi~, _ levan

beim hkiTxa maT amis Sesaxeb, xolo mxari dauWires ra mis

survils, maT daifices TavianT SvilebTan da colebTan er-

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., dasax. naSr., gv. 390-391, 399, 409. 2 iqve, gv. 423, 436-437. 3 iqve, gv. 206-212.

172

Tad erTgulebaze. amitom SeuZlebelad warmogvidgeba, rom

Mmustafa dabrundes iranSi brZolis gareSe, ramdenadac

Turqebsa da sparselebs Soris Zevs metad Znelad gasasvle-

li gza _ saqarTvelo, sadac igi winaaRmdegobas Sexvdeba.

mustafam es icis.

xedavda ra am SeuZleblobas, mustafam gaiara gasul

welTan SedarebiT, samjer ufro grZeli gza. qarTvel mmar-

TvelT miwebze igi ver gaivlida, vinaidan isini ueWvelad

gaerTiandebodnen, xolo es sakmarisi iyo, rom igi ver ga-

suliyo am teritoriaze~1.

`moxsenebis~ avtors moyvanili aqvs cifrebi qarTvelTa

im SeiraRebuli Zalisa, romelsac isini osmalebTan sab-

rZolvelad gamoiyvandnen: manuCari _ 10 aTas cxenosansa da

qveiTs, yvaryvare (alfaet bei) _ 3 aTasamde, aleqsandre II

(leon bei) _ 40 aTas cxenosansa da 10 aTasi fexosans. `yvela

isini Sedgebodnen rCeuli mebrZolebisagan da iyvnen ufro

mamacni, vidre Turqi an sparseli~.

`moxsenebis~ avtorisaTvis cnobilia, rom aris kidev

erTi qarTveli `mmarTveli~, romlis teritoriaze Mmustafa

lala faSas ar gauvlia da mas ar daemorCila. igi mefeTa

mefis tituls atarebs. mas SeuZlia gamoiyvanos 50-60 aTasi

meomari. amas garda mas SeiZleba daexmaron sxva qarTveli

mmarTvelebi2.

`moxsenebis~ avtors arc qarTvelebis mokle daxasia-

Teba daviwyebia. igi wers: `qarTvelebi arian berZnuli we-

sis qriatianebi da maT aqvT sakuTri ena, romelic ar aris

arc Turquli da arc berZnuli. maTi mcire nawili xarks

uxdis Turqebs, xolo meti nawili _ sparselebis didi me-

1 dok. #8, gv. 315-317. sinamdvileSi, lala Mmustafa faSa imave gziT

_ kaxeTi-qarTli-samcxe _ dabrunda arzrumSi. mamisTvaliSvili e.,

dasax. naSr., gv. 215-218. 2 `moxsenebis avtors, ra Tqma unda mxedvelobaSi hyavs imereTis

mefe, romelic, marTlac ucxour wyaroebSi xSirad `mefeT mefed~

iwodeboda. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTier-

Tobis istoriidan, gv. 159.

173

gobrebi arian. maT ara aqvT cixe-simagreebi, xolo isini,

romlebic dangreulia, ar sargebloben artileriiT, raTa

ufro advili iyos moqmedeba Setevisa da ukan daxevis

dros~1.

espanelebs TavianTi infomatorebi hyavdaT aRmosav-

leTSi, kerZod, yarsSi dislocirebul osmaleTis jarSi,

uSualod mustafas banakSi. erT-erTi maTganisaTvis dasmu-

li kiTxvebidan Cans, rom maT gansakuTrebiT ainteresebdaT

TbilisSi arsebuli mdgomareoba: igi kvlav osmalebis mier

iyo okupirebuli, Tu svimon mefis mier isev alyaSemortymu-

lia? informatorma mokled daaxasiaTa Tbilisis daxmarebi-

saTvis Mmustafa faSas mier gatarebuli RonisZieba: mTavar-

sardalma hasan faSas gaatana produqtebi qalaqis momarage-

bis mizniT, rac man warmatebiT Seasrula2. es cnoba simar-

Tles mxolod nawilobriv asaxavda. osmalebs Tbilisis mo-

marageba sakmaod Zvirad daujdaT svimon mefis moqmedebis

Sedegad3.

sainteresoa informatoris naTqvami, rom mustafam ar-

zrumSi imitom gaatara zamTari, rom qarTvelebi iZulebuli

gaexada mieRoT zavis iseTi pirobebi, rogorsac igi maT Ses-

Tavazebda. mustafas am ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvana infor-

mators Zlier eeWveboda. rogorc misi naTqvamidan Cans, mar-

Tlac mimdinareobda molaparakeba, magram mas ar dausaxele-

bia is qarTuli samefo, romlis warmomadgenlebTan ganixi-

leboda zavis pirobebi. savarudoa, es iyo imereTis samefo.

amaze migvaniSnebs qarTvelTa mxridan `sazRvao kapitanis~

monawileoba (SeiZleba igi qarTuli delegaciis xelmZRvane-

lic iyo) sazavo molaparakebaSi. `sazRvao kapitani~ sulTan-

Tan kavSiris momxre iyo, ramdenadac misi qveyana Savi zRvis

napiras mdebareobda da is osmaleTis saxelmwifosTan Seda-

1 dok. #8, gv. 318. 2 iqve, dok. # 9, gv, 319. 3 hasan faSas am eqspediciis Sesaxeb ix. mamisTvaliSvili, saqar-

Tvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, gv. 224-225.

174

rebiT susti iyo. maT iranisagan daxmarebis miRebis imedi ar

hqondaT. informatoris azriT, `sazRvao meTauri~ ver SeZ-lebs qarTvelebi daiyolios xarki gadaixadon sulTnis sa-sargeblod, Tu maTze zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens osmaleTis

floti~1. swored am miznis realizaciasac emsaxureboda os-

malebis mier rionis SesarTvTan, foTSi cixis Cadgma, rasac

sastik winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen qarTvelebi.

gvaqvs espanelebis mier 1580-1582 wlebSi, ZiriTadad,

TbilisTan dakavSirebuli iseTi fragmentuli xasiaTis

cnobebi, romlebic sxva evropulma wyaroebmac Semogvinaxes

da, amdenad, raime siaxles ar Seicaven2. sxva wyaroebisagan

gansxvavebiT, mxolod 1580 wlis 18 da 20 seqtembers xuan ma-

rlianis mier gagzavnili werilebidan vigebT, rom osmale-

Tis jarebis mTavarsardali sinan faSa qarTvelebTan brZo-

lebSi daiWra, rom qarTvelebma da sparselebma ukuaqcies

osmalebi3. sakmaod kargad cnobilia sinan faSas saqmianoba

saqarTveloSi, magram misi daWris cnoba sxva wyaroebiT ar

dasturdeba4.

1582 wlis ivnisSi bartolomeo pusterlas mier kon-

stantinopolidan gagzavnil werilSi kvlav aRniSnulia os-

malebis mier alyaSemortymul TbilisTan mimdinre brZo-

lebSi momxvduris mier gancdil marcxze. imasac vigebT,

rom osmalebs yirimidan jaris gadmoyvanaSi xels uSlidnen

rusebi, megrelebi da Cerqezebi, romlebic gzebs ketavdnen5.

mogvianebiT konstantinopolSi kvlav miiRes cnoba, rom

`megrelebi da rusebi moulodnelad Sevidnen tanaSi, qalaq-

Si md. tanaisis SesarTavTan, daxoces ra yvela qristiani,

ebraeli da Turqi, gamagrdnen iq, raTa winaaRmdegoba gauwi-

on TurqeTis sxvadasxva navsadgurebidan napirze adamiane-

1 dok. # 9, gv. 320. 2 iqve, dok. ##13-15, 17, 20, 21 3 iqve, dok. #16, gv. 128. 4 mamisTvaliSvili, saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diploma-

tia, gv. 227-233. 5 dok. #18, gv. 330.

175

bis gadmosvlas da produqtebis gadmotvirTvas~1. Semdeg

gadmocemulia Turqebis samzadisze q. tanas gasaTavisuf-

leblad.

friad sainteresoa 1583 wlis 12 ivliss konstantino-

polidan gagzavnili, italiurad dawerili anonimuri weri-

li. avtori unda iyos espaneTis saelCos TanamSromeli,

Tarjimani. werili asaxavs svimon I-isa da manuCar II-is osma-

lebis winaaRmdeg brZolis cnobil da ucnob momentebs. we-

rili momyavs mTlianad:

`guSin viyavi keisris Rrmad pativcemul elCTan, ro-

gorc Tarjimani berZnulidan frangul enaze, sadac mitro-

politma, romelic ukve aTi dRis win Camovida saqarTvelo-

dan, Tqva, rom gagzavnili iyo saqarTveloSi konstantino-

polis RvTismosavi patriarqis mier DCveulebrivi mowyale-

bis Sesagroveblad2, ramdenadac es qarTvelebi emsaxurebian

qristianuli sarwmunoebis berZnul wesebs.

gasul agvistos me viyavi trapizonSi, sadac cnobili

gaxda, rom Turqebma erzerumSi Seagroves mravali xalxi,

raTa gaegzavnaT dasaxmareblad da produqtebiT moemarage-

binaT Tbilisi, gamoeyenebinaT yvela saSualeba, raTa aR-

niSnul dReebSi, ramdenadac es SesaZlebeli iqneboda swra-

fad (aman ki daikava 15 dRe) mieRwiaT simonis samflobeloe-

bamde, romelic aris mTavari ufrosi mosazRvre qveyanaSi.

xsenebul mxareSi aseve aris sparselTa sardali. simoni

aris windaxeduli adamiani yvela moqmedebaSi, xolo iara-

RiT xelSi _ umamacesi. man ukve icoda Turqebma ra gadaw-

yvites da risi gakeTebac undodaT.

1 iqve, gv, 331. 2 saintresoa, rom miuxedavad aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli

saomari viTarebisa, konstantinopolis sapatriarqos saqarTvelo-

dan mainc mihqonda tradiciad qceuli mowyaleba. saerTod, kon-

stantinopolis, antioqiis da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebis da si-

nis monastris warmomadgenlebis saqarTveloSi mowyalebis Sesag-

roveblad mogzaurobaze ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ieru-

salimis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 37-58.

176

rodesac simonma xsenebul mitropolits da mis Tanam-

gzavrebs hkiTxa ris gakeTebas fiqroben Turqebi? maT kar-

gad icodnen im daZabul mzadebaze, rac TurqeTSi mimdina-

reobda, magram erTmaneTs Soris windawin SeTanxmdnen ima-

ze, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT aseT SekiTxvas miscemdnen,

eTqvaT, rom araferi ician1.

xsenebuli simoni ki elodeboda, rom Turqebi wavi-

dodnen Tbilisisaken. man amis Sesaxeb acnoba sparselebs,

raTa maT gamoegzavnaT jaris nawilebi da imedovnebda, rom

misi saqmisaTvis es kargi iqneboda.

sparselebma masTan gagzavnes tokmak sulTan yaraxani

da ori sxva baroni 3 aTasi mebrZoliT. isini gaemarTnen

erT-erTi mTis gadasasvlelisaken, sadac Turqebs unda gaev-

loT da ganlagdnen mTis erT mxareze. maSin, rodesac simoni

Tavisi 5 aTasi fexosani mSvildosnebiT da 5 aTasi cxenos-

niT, wavida da ganlagda mTis meore mxares.

xsenebulma mitropolitma Tqva, rom mTeli am drois

ganmavlobaSi igi simonTan iyo mTaze, saidanac SeeZlo mo-

xerxebulad enaxa yvelaferi.

rodesac am adgilamde movida Turqebis 2 aTasi sapal-

ne brinji, patara kasrebi, gogrebi da sxva produqtebi Tbi-

lisSi wasaRebad da 60 Sekvra fuli, sparselebma dahkarges

moTminebis unari, rom dalodebodnen danarCenis mosvlas,

isini aRmoCndnen SuaSi Turqebis erT razmsa da simonis

razms Soris, Seuties, daxoces 3 aTasi Turqi da xelT ig-

des yvela produqti da fuli. TurqeTis jarebis sxva nawi-

lebma gaiges ra amis Sesaxeb, dabanakdnen velze mdinaris ax-

los, xolo erzerumis faSam da sxva meTaurebma Seagroves

sakuTari fulebis soliduri Tanxa da TbilisSi gagzavnes.

1 mitropolitis saintereso gancxadebaa: qveyana, romelic uaRre-

sad gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSia, sadac qristianuli Tanamegobro-

bis motiviT igi mowyalebas agrovebs, am dros ki mis mefes im

cnobebs umalavs, romelsac igi flobs misi maspinZeli qveynis sa-

winaaRmdegod osmalebis mzadebaze.

177

aRniSnuli nadavlis xelSi Cagdebis Semdeg, erT-erTma

sparselma meTaurma moisurva simons misTvis colad mieca

erT-erTi Tavisi qaliSvili. es qaliSvili iyo qristiani, xo-

lo sparseli ki _ mahmadiani da amitom simonma uari uTxra.

amis gamo maT Soris warmoiSva uTanxmoeba.

Semdeg erzerumis faSam gagzavna TbilisSi kidev fu-

li da sxvac rac ki SeeZlo da gasca gankarguleba eTxo-

vaT simonisaTvis mieca misTvis gasasvleli gza. es gza si-

mons yovelTvis Tavisi dacvis qveS hqonda. faSa samagierod

dahpirda simons mfarvelobas da bevri sxva rames, rac

Turqebs SeeZloT gaekeTebinaT misi saWiroebisaTvis.

simonma mas upasuxa, rom man unda daubrunos mas yve-

la teritoria, romelic mas waarTves da aseve fuli da

produqtebi, rac maT saqarTvelodan moitaces da amis Sem-

deg igi mas ueWvelad miscemda gasasvlels.

amaze simons upasuxes, rom didi batonis nebarTvis ga-

reSe maT ar SeuZliaT amis gakeTeba, magram maT misweres da

gagzavnes Txovna, raTa daekmayofilebinaT misi moTxovna da

rom imedi aqvT, rom es gakeTdeba.

amasTanave, simonma ukve acnoba Turqebs, rom ramdena-

dac maT ar undaT miscen is, rasac igi moiTxovs da rom

maT undaT gaiaron TavianTi survilis mixedviT, TviTon,

Tavis mxriv, gaakeTebs rasac SeZlebs.

Turqebma daiwyes gadasvla da rodesac isini aR-

moCndnen gansazRvrul adgilas, romelic arc ise Sors

mdebareobda im adgilidan, saidanac simonis artilerias

SeeZlo mieyenebina maTTvis ziani, saRamos simonma aniSna

Tavis xalxs, romlebmac maSinve alya Semoartyes Turqebis

yvela razms da or saaTze naklebi drois ganmavlobaSi da-

xoces rva aTasze meti Turqi, romlebmac TavianTi umoqme-

dobiT, qarTvelebs misces amis saSualeba, TiTqmis ver da-

icves ra Tavi, rogorc dakodilebma.

dagvianebiT simonma gasca gankarguleba miecaT ukan

daxevis niSani da misi xalxi gamarjvebiT gascilda Tur-

qebs, metad mcire raodenobiTi danakargiT, romelic SeiZ-

leba CaiTvalos umniSvnelod; xolo rodesac Turqebis

178

mTavari nawili mdinaremde mivida, simoni Tavisi ZalebiT

kvlav Tavs daesxa maT iseTi warmatebiT, rom 60 aTasidan

Tu metidan, gaiara mxolod 3 aTasma, danarCenni simonis Za-

lebma daxoces an tyved Caigdes an kidev wyalSi daixrCo.

mokluli iyo imdeni, rom simoni Sewuxda da brZana meti ar

moeklaT, aramed tyved aeyvanaT.

simonma gasca gankarguleba daejildoebinaT isini,

vinc daWrilebs gankurnavda. simonis mebrZolebma daxoci-

lebisagan xelT igdes SesaniSnavi karvebi, unagirebi, ver-

cxlis akazmuloba, mooqruli samosebi, Zvirfasi tanisamo-

si, sajdomebi, sxvadasxva saxis danebi. yovelive es imdeni

iyo, rom maT ar icodnen ra eyoT maTTvis.

garda amisa, qarTvelebma Tan waiRes 2 aTasi arkebuzi,

160 Wogriti, 6 saTvalTvalo, waiyvanes uricxvi raodenobis

cxenebi, waiRes mravali saxis iaraRi da 17 saartilerio

qvemexi. sxva sagnebs Soris iyo oqroTi morTuli ori xan-

jali, romlebic Sefasebuliqna 6 aTas cexinad. simonma air-

Cia TavisTvis iaraRi, tanisamosi, danebi, cxenebi da aR-

Wurviloba Tavisi sruli survilis mixedviT. danarCeni ki

dauTmo Tavis jariskacebs. bevri fexiT mosuli xelosani,

romelic am mTaze TokiT Sekruli fexsacmeliT amovida, Ca-

icva mooqruli tanisamosi, da ukan kvernisa da siasamuris

bewvebiani samosiT dabrunda.

sxva tyveebs Soris, romlebic aqedan waiyvanes, iyo am

banakis mematiane, romlis wignebSi mocemuli iyo im adamian-

Ta ricxvi, romlebic dasaxmareblad mividnen. aman saSuale-

ba misca simons zustad daedgina Turqebis danarkargebis

ricxvi am gamanadgurebeli brZolis dros.

es mematiane simonma iranis Sahs gaugzavna, TxovniT,

rom misTvis mfarveloba aRmoeCina da sikvdiliT ar daesa-

ja, radgan igi didi kaci iyo. am pirovnebis samagierod

Sahs SeeZlo Tavisi elCi gamoexsna, romelic konstantino-

polSi iyo dakavebuli. Semdeg simonma Sahs gaugzavna daxo-

cilTa Tavebi Svidi tvirTis odenobiT da bevri sxva ram

da moaxsenes, rom erzerumis faSa sxva meTaurebTan erTad,

romelTa saerTo ricxvi daaxloebiT 3 aTasi iyo, Zlivs ga-

179

iqcnen brZolis velidan da dabrundnen iq sadac cxov-

robda moxuci qalbatonis Svili, romelic adre gamahmadi-

anda da romelic daniSnul iqna imave adgilas mmarTve-

lad_beglarbegad, romelsac adre simoni erqva, xolo amJa-

mad Turqulad Mmustafa faSa hqvia1.

Turqebma gadawyvites misi mokvla. roca Turqebma igi

daibares, igi movida. mas uTxres, rom aris didi batonis

brZaneba, rom man unda datovos is adgili, romelic ukavia,

Tu ara da mas moklaven da waukiTxes sulTanis yalbi brZa-

neba. erT-erTma faSam mas xmali hkra gverdze, magram, ram-

denadac mas ormagi javSani ecva, aman veraferi avno, xolo

man ki Tavisi xmliT mokla…es faSa da daWra erzerumis fa-

Sis sami kaci. moqmedebda ra Tavis ramodenime kacTan er-

Tad, romlebic darCnen janmrTeli da xeluxlebelni. amis

Semdeg igi gavida TavisianebTan erTad mas Semdeg, rac fa-

Sas xalxs mouwyo didi cema-tyepa, maT Soris Tbilisidan

dabrunebul jgufsac.

man (manuCarma _e.m.) Tqva, rom daubrunda qristianobas,

rom simonma igi Tavisi siZe gaxada da Sahisagan udidesi pa-

tivi miiRo. amboben, rom Sahma bevri veragoba da sikeTe Cai-

dina, raTa gaekeTebina ise, rom levani (aleqsandre II kaxTa

mefe _e.m. ) da simoni gaerTianebuliyvnen, keTili megobro-

biTa da mSvidobiT2. mas swamda, rom warmateba SesaZlebe-

lia sanam arsebobs Suamavali orive mxares Soris da rom

man datova saqmeebi kargad daboloebisaTvis.

1 moxuci qalbatoni, ra Tqma, unda qaixosro II aTabagis qvrivi de-

disimedia. simonSi manuCar II aTabagi, dedisimedis Svili igulis-

xmeba. 2 qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebis erTmaneTTan Serigeba da mTi

erToblivi gamosvla osmaleTisa winaaRmdeg, osmaleTis yvela mo-

winaaRmdegis survili iyo. periodulad TiTqos Cndeboda kidec

Serigebis pirobebi da diplomatiur wreebSi amis Taobaze maSinve

aRniSnavdnen xolme, magram, sinamdvileSi XVI saukunis meore na-

xevris es ori didi qarTveli politikuri moRvawe ise wavidnen am

qveynidan, rom maTi morigeba ver moxerxda.

180

man (mitropolitma _e.m.) Tqva, rom rodesac mustafa

faSa gadavida SirvanSi, simonis mdgomareoba rom mtkice

yofiliyo, rogorc axla, igi arasodes ar dauSvebda mis

gavlas Tavis teritoriaze. magram simoni didxans iyo iran-

Si tyved. xolo maSin Turqebs SeeZloT damSvidebiT Sesu-

liyvnen mis samflobeloSi, pirvel rigSi levan beis1 Semwe-

obiT. magram amJamad Turqebze xumrobiT amboben, rom Tbi-

lisis gareubani Zalian sasiamovno adgiliao da, rom qar-

Tvelebma miwasTan gaaswores da axlac igives uSvrebian

Tbilisis cixe-simagres, romlis saSualebiTac SeiZleboda

brZolis gagrZeleba. ufro metic, amboben, rom Turqebma iq

ipoves kalaTebSi orcxobila SaqriT da bevri sxva delika-

turi saWmeli, sparselebisa da qarTvelebis mier datovebu-

li da dascinodnen maT, rom maT did siamovnebas hgvris

aseTi xelsayreloba da delikatesebi maSin, rodesac omis

dros maT hqondaT Zalian cota raodenobis saWmeli da Ta-

visufali iyvnen yovelgvari salaSqro qonebisgan.

aseve amboben, rom simons hyavs liTonis Camomsxmelebi

artileriis mosamzadeblad da, rom man ukve Camoasxa Svidi

zarbazani da, rom sparselebi SesaniSnavad isvrian arkebu-

zebidan. xolo mSvildebisa da xmlebis saSualebiT saswa-

uls axdenen qarTvelebi da aseve am mxareebidan Camotani-

liqna mowyobiloba _ 200 aTasi wminda wonis sxvadasxva sa-

qoneli. man (mitropolitma _e.m.) Tqva aseve, rom simonma gai-

go, rom sparselebsa da mis Svils Soris Caisaxa uTanxmoe-

ba, magram misma baronebma es maSinve moagvares.

man (mitropolitma _e.m.) Tqva aseve, rom rodesac qar-

Tvelebi erTad gaerTiandebian, maT TavianT samflobeloeb-

Si ar SeeSindebaT arc Turqebisa da arc sparselebis er-

Tad aRebulT da Tqva, rom igi wavida iberiidan marxvis me-

1 iran-osmaleTis omis dawyebis dros, rodesac osmalebma Tavian-

Ti agresiis mTavar samizned aRmosavleT amierkavkasia gaixades,

svimon I tyveobaSi iyo iranSi. am dros kaxeTSi mefobda aleqsan-

dre II.

181

same kviras. man aseve Tqva, rom TbilisSi didi SimSilobaa

da bevri (Turqi _e.m.) xSirad eZebs Svelas simonisagan.

konstantinopolidan, 1583 wlis 15 ivlisi~1.

osmaleTis imperiis sataxtodan gagzavnil imave wlis

18 oqtombris da 1 noembris werilebSi naTqvamia simon me-

fis mier Tbilisis dasaxmareblad wasuli Turqebis kvlav

ganadgurebaze2.

espanuri cnobebi svimon I-is diplomatiis Sesaxeb svimon mefe osmaleTis imperiis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda

iaraRiT da diplomatiiT. espanel damkvirveblebs qarTveli

mefis amgvari saqmianoba mxedvelobidan ar gamorCeniaT. 1588

wlis 5 Tebervals filipe II-is elCi vatikanSi grafi de

olivaresi (don enrike de gusmani) kardinal sankta severi-

nas (Julio antonio santoro di kaserta) mier miwodebul

cnobebze dayrdnobiT Tavis mefes acnobebda erTi qarTve-

lis, saxelad aleqsandres, Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad romSi

Camosvlis Sesaxeb3.

saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebs TavianTi vinaobis dama-

dasturebeli araviTari sabuTi, mefis werilic ki ar hqon-

daT. magram Tavisi qceviT elCi mainc ndobas imsaxurebda,

1 dok. #23, gv. 336-341. gaugebaria werilis ormagi TariRi. savarau-

doa, werili kancelariaSi DdaaTariRes imave wlis 12 ivlisiT ma-

Sin, rodesac mas boloSi uzis 15 ivlisi. 2 iqve, dok. #24, 25. 3 svimon mefem erTdroulad ori elCoba gagzavna romSi, im varau-

diT, rom erT-erTi maTgani mainc miaRwevda daniSnulebis adgilam-

de. erTi elCoba, romelsac saTaveSi edga vinme qarTveli Tu some-

xi aleqsandre (dawvr. qvemoT) gaemgzavra konstantinopolze gav-

liT, xolo meore elCi `metad saimedo adamiani, garegnulad mwi-

ris SexedulebiT Semosili, magram igi Turqebs CauvardaT xelSi

mefis weriliT, romelic mas mohqonda~. es ganacxada elCma aleq-

sandrem graf de olivaresTan saubarSi (dok. #28, gv. 347).

182

rasac aZlierebda mis mier romSi mitanili abreSumis bar-

danebi1. magram yvelaze damajereblad JRerda elCis naTqva-

mi osmaleTis winaaRmdeg dasavleTidan omis dawyebis Sesa-

xeb. amis gamo grafi de olivaresi daaskvnida da mefesac

moaxsenebda, rom àm wamowyebiT ar iqneba araferi dakargu-

li, xolo mogeba iqneba didi~.

amave werilidan vigebT, rom XVI s. 80-iani wlebis da-sawyisSi espaneTis mefes hqonebia mcdeloba indoeTis gav-liT dakavSireboda irans da es molaparakeba mimdinareob-da papisaTvis saidumlod. espaneT-iranis es molaparakeba gasagebs xdis, ratom cdilobdnen SemdegSi Teimuraz I da misi elCi nikifore ColoyaSvili espaneTs dakavSirebodnen romis papis saqmis kursSi Cayenebis gareSe.

grafma de olivaresma kargad miiRo mefe svimonis el-

Ci aleqsandre, romelTan saubarSic gairkva qarTvelebis

susti codna espaneTis samefos Sesaxeb. maT isic ki ar

scodniaT sad iyo espaneTis mefis rezidencia. maT is egu-

lebodaT romSi, sadac filipe II saero saqmeebs ganagebda,

xolo papi _ sasulieros. elCma aleqsandrem `dainaxa ra,

Tu raoden didi manZilia aqaedan espaneTamde, mas surs dab-

rundes samSobloSi, gansakuTrebiT imitom, rom misma ba-

tonma ar dahkargos imedi misi metad dagvianebis gamo da

ar daemorCilos TurqeTis sulTans~.

graf de olivaress ganuzraxavs daerwmunebina papi yo-

velmxriv Seewyo xeli Teimurazis elCisaTvis, aReTqva dax-

mareba TurqeTis winaaRmdeg dasavleTis qveynebis mxridan;

raTa simonma kvlav gaagrZelos kavSiri iranis SahTan; SeiZ-

leboda isic moxerxebuliyo, rom qarTvel elCTan erTad

an misi gamgzavrebis Semdeg gaegzavnaT elCi qarTvel mefe-

ebTan _ svimonTan, aleqsandresTan da baSiaCukTan (imereTis

1 svimon mefes papisa da espaneTis mefisaTvis sxva saCuqrebic ga-

ugzavnia.

183

mefesTan1), maTi erToblivad darazmvisaTvis. grafma Tavis

mefesac sTxova, imave mizniT, Tavisi warmomadgeneli gaeg-

zavna, romelic gaivlida reC pospolitasa da ruseTze da

maT reC pospolitis mefes, misi diswuls da moskovis mefes

sTxovos gaerTiandnen `didi~ mtris winaaRmdeg.

kardinal sankta severinasac, Tavis mxriv ganuzraxavs

ori elCis gagzavna: erTis konstantinopolis, meoresi ki _

reC pospolitisa da moskovis gavliT.

grafi olivaresi imasac Seaxsenebda espaneTis mefes,

rom gza reC pospolitaze ufro grZeli iqneboda, magram

Tu mas ganzraxuli hqonda Tavisi kacis saqarTveloSi am

gziT gagzavna, maSin SeeZlo sankta severinas kacisTvis gae-

yolebina.

igi filipe II-s pirdeba, rom `Tqveni udidebulesobis

saxeliT me vizruneb am qarTvel aleqsandreze2 da gadavcem

Tqvens didebulebas yvelafers, rac qarTveli mefis mxri-

dan movida Tqveni udidebulesobisaTvis gadasacemad da me

1 am dros imereTis mefe iyo levani (1583-1590). dok. #28-Si ukve da-

saxelebulia imereTis mefe levani. 2 luis xil fernandess da xose manuel floristans (qarTveli

mefeebis werilebi: simon I-is qarTlidan filipe II-s da Teimuraz

I-is kaxeTidan filipe IV-s. krebulSi: saqarTvelos urTierToba

evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan, II, Tb., 1995, gv. 197) da i. tabaRuas

(dokumentebi, gv. 114) svimon mefis elCi aleqsandre ratomRac ga-

dawyvetiT somexad hyavT gamocxadebuli. asevea Cems wignSi (saqar-

Tvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, I, gv. 278), radgan maSin

ar vicnobdi am saintereso dokumentebs. saerTod, gasarkvevia svi-

mon mefis elCis erovneba, radgan zigierT dokumentSi aris

Alexandro Georgiano (dok. #26, gv. 212, #27, gv. 245) _ qarTveli aleq-

sandre, zoggan ki Alexsandro Armenio _ aleqsandre somexi (dok. #28,

gv. 346-347, #29, gv. 358). Znelia imis Tqma ratom aris dokumentebSi

amgvari sxvaoba. kidev ufro gaugebrobas iwvevs is, rom, viTomdac,

aleqsandres uTqvams, somexi iyo svimon mefis is elCi, romelic

ierusalimis gziT wavida da Turqebma daatyveves. man Semdeg Tavi

daixsna, magram cnobili ar aris ra saSualebiT. roca dokumenti

#29 iwereboda, svimonis somexi elCi, avadmyofobis gamo, veneciis

lazareTSi imyofeboda (dok. #29, gv. 258).

184

CavTvli, rom Tqveni didebuleba gonivrulad, kargi sulis-

kveTebiT miiRebs mas da mfarvelobas aRmouCens yvela mis

(svimon mefis _e.m.) saqmeebs: mxedvelobaSi miiRebs mis pati-

viscemas kaTolikuri sarwmunoebisadmi, misi mtrebis wina-

aRmdeg brZolas da mis mxridan Tqveni udidebulesobisadmi

pativiscemas~1.

yuradRebas ipyrobs papis damokidebuleba svimon me-

fis elCisadmi. kardinali sankta severina mZime fiqrebSi

yofila imis gamo, rom paps ar undoda raime mieca elCisaT-

vis svimonisaTvis gadasacemad. amitom kardinals ganuzra-

xavs elCis mier Camotanili espaneTis mefisaTvis misarTmevi

abreSumi Seefasebina da filipes saxeliT svimon mefisaT-

vis adekvaturi saCuqari gaegzavna. kardinali graf oliva-

ress aiZulebda meti gadaexada abreSumSi, raTa svimonisaT-

vis Zvirfasi saCuqari gaegzavnaT2.

6 Tebervals graf olivaress saubari hqonda papTan

qarTveli elCis mier Camotanili saCuqrebis Sesaxeb, magram

sabolood ver SeTanxmdnen3.

grafma de olivaresma mis xelT arsebuli masalebis

safuZvelze Camoayaliba svimon mefis elCobis mizani da mis

mier gamogzavnili saCuqrebis nusxa da mefes warudgina

Semdegi saxiT: svimon mefe darwmunebuli iyo, rom marto

ver gaumklavdeboda osmalebis SeiaraRebul Zalebs da ga-

dawyvita Tavisi elCi gaegzavna espaneTis mefesTan daxmare-

bis saTxovnelad. igi iTxovs espaneTis mTavrobam Tavisi ka-

ci gagzavnos qarTlis samefos mdgomareobis Sesaswavlad.

svimon mefe ki, Tavis mxriv Seecdeba gaerTiandes saqarTve-

los sxva mefeebTan da isini Sekreben 100 aTas kacs. svimo-

nis moTxovnebi garafma de olivaresma Camoayaliba oTx

muxlad:

1 dok. #26, gv. 344. 2 iqve. 3 iqve, #27, gv. 345.

185

` _ simoni iTxovs, raTa dasavleTidan wamoiwyon omi

TurqeTis sulTnis winaaRmdeg; aRniSnulia, rom mas ar ga-

aCnia amisaTvis sakmao jari da adamiani.

_ rom, rodesac igi [simoni] iZulebuli iqneboda gam-

xdariyo sxva mmarTvelis xarkis gadamxdeli, mas erCia yo-

filiyo misi uwmindesobisa da Tqveni udidebulesobis vasa-

li da morCili.

_ simoni iTxovs misi uwmindesobis wminda locva-kur-

Txevas da aseve daavalos sxvebs locvebi Tavisi jarisa da

vasalebisaTvis1.

_simoni ugzavnis mis uwmindesobas da Tqvens didebu-

lebas Semdeg saCuqrebs:

misi uwmindesobisaTvis:

_ ZafiT naqsovi didi xaliCa oqroTi da abreSumiT

morTuli.

_ baliSis gadasafarebeli uZvirfasesi farCa.

_ saunagire baliSis farCa margalitiTa da Zvirfasi

qvebiT morTuli.

misi udidebulesobisaTvis:

_ daSna oqros graviuriT morTuli, Zvirfasi qarqa-

SiT.

_ Zvirfasi qvebiT morTuli oqros didi broSi, mefis

cxenis kiserze Camosakidebeli.

_ kiserze Camosakidebeli SesaniSnavi farCa.

_ metad faqizi namuSevari eqvsi ruloni abreSumi sa-

qarTvelodan~2.

aleqsandres mier monaTxrobis mixedviT, marko Aanto-

nio abaniom svimon mefis dakarguli werilebis Sinaarsi ase

Camoayaliba:

`1. eTxovos daxmareba mis uwmidesobas (paps _e.m.) da

mis didebulebas espaneTis mefes filipes TurqeTis winaaR-

1 svimon mefis moTxovnebi vrclad mocemulia qvemoT marko Aanto-

nio abanios moxsenebaSi kardinal santa severinasaTvis. dok. #29. 2 iqve, dok. #28, gv. 346-347

186

mdeg; moagonon maT, rom axla yvelaze ufro xelsayreli

droa jvris mtris gasanadgureblad, ramdenadac maT ar

hyofniT jari da mamaci adamianebi.

2. elCi ambobs, rom aRmosavleTSi simon mefe ar wyvets

brZolas TurqeTTan da ai ukve 12 welia ganuwyvetliv, yo-

velgvari Sesvenebis gareSe, eweva omis simZimes da rom Tu

misi uwmidesoba da misi kaTolikuri didebuleba sxva qris-

tian mefeebTan erTad isurvebdnen msgavsad imoqmedon, maSin

es Seviwroeba mokled, RmerTis wyalobiT, maT msoflio

xsovnaSi aRdgeboda da daubrundeboda imas, rom wmida

jvris droSa aRmosavleT ierusalimSi, xolo konstantino-

polSi qristianuli imperia aRedginaT.

3. simon mefe daJinebiT Txovda xsenebul batonebs,

rom gagzavnon masTan ramdenime kaci, raTa aswavlon mis

xalxs wmida kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba da miiRon ufro sru-

li informacia mis saqmeebze da mdgomareobaze, raTa gani-

xilon aseve xsenebul batonTa saxeliT maTi kavSiri da

konfederacia or sxva qarTvel mefeebTan erTad, saxel-

dobr: aleqsandresTan da baSiaCukTan erTad Turqebis wina-

aRmdeg.

4. simon mefe acnobebs Tqvens uwmindesobas da mis uke-

TilSobilebas espaneTis mefes, rom Tu mas aiZuleben dae-

morCilos sxva mefes da uxados mas xarki, igi ufro moi-

survebda yofiliyo misi xarkis gadamxdeli, vasali da qve-

Sevrdomi, vidre sxvisi, maqsimumic rom miiRos urwmunoebi-

sagan. igi pirdeba, rom yovelTvis, roca saWiro iqneba, io-

mos TqvenTvis, rogorc igi amas akeTebs dRemde iranis

gvirgvinisaTvis.

5. simon mefe iTxovs misi uwmindesobis Cveni batonis

locva-kurTxevas da mis saukeTeso locvas yvelasTvis, Ta-

visi jarisa da sapatio vasalebisaTvis~1.

moxsenebis dasasruls CamoTvlilia is saCuqrebi, rom-

lebic svimon mefem papsa da espaneTis mefes gaugzavna1.

1 iqve, gv. 357-358.

187

aseTi iyo svimon I-is espaneTis saxelmwifosTan urTi-

erTobis pirveli periodi da is codna, rac espaneTis same-

fo kars hqonda saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg, 1595

wlamde, mxolod 1591 wlis 29 maiss konstantinopolidan

madridSi gagzavnili erTi cnoba gvaqvs, romlidanac Cans,

rom dazavebis Semdegac (1590 w.), osmaleTi da irani rogor

cdilobdnen TavianT mxares gadaeyvanaT da Semoemtkicebi-

naT, maTi gagebiT, meryevi imereTisa da kaxeTis mefeebi. rac

Seexeba svimon I-s, igi mtkiced idga iranis mxares. kon-

stantinopoleli informatoris TqmiT, osmalebs elCebi ga-

ugzavniaT dasaxelebul saqarTvelos or mefesTan, raTa ga-

egoT isini kvlav gadauxdidnen xarks sulTans Tu ara. ira-

nis Sahis elCebic imave mefeebs ewvivnen mdidruli saCuqre-

biT da osmalebis winaaRmdeg mokavSireoba sTxoves. magram

informatori SiSobs, rom isini Sahis winadadebaze daTan-

xmebas ar isurveben.

svimon mefis espaneTTan diplomatiuri kontaqtis dam-

yarebis axal mcdelobas vxedavT 1590 wels, rodesac man

somxur da berZnul enebze dawerili werilebi somex ter-

iakobs (marqarians) gaatana2.

qarTlis mefe espaneTis mefe filipe II-s acnobebda,

rom habsburgebis imperatorma rudolf II-m `pativi dagvdo

da gamogvivgzavna epistole da siyvarulisa da kavSiris we-

rili, imis Sesaxeb, rom qristes yvela morwmunis mimarT es

ucxo Tesli da qristianuli sarwmunoebis mteri, Turqi

eri unda aRmofxvril iqnes~. amis Semdeg svimon I-s, kaxeTis

1 iqve, gv. 358 2 svimon mefis evropuli diplomatiisa da ter-iakobis elCobis Se-

saxeb ix. winamdebare monografiis I tomi, gv. 308-319. Semonaxulia

werilebis rogorc somxuri da berZnuli teqstebi, ise maTi kasti-

liur enaze Targmanebi (ix. dok. #31-34, gv. 360-368). svimon mefisa

da espaneTis mefis mimoweris Sesaxeb ix. xinTibiZe e., axali masa-

lebi qarTvel mefeTa espaneTSi mimoweris Taobaze. simon qarTlis

mefis werilebi espaneTSi. `ciskari~, 1986, #6, gv. 150-157.

188

mefe aleqsandre II-s1 da Sah abas I-s uTaTbiriaT, umsjeli-aT da SeTanxmebulan, rom osmalebs gaanadgurebdnen da wm.

ierusalims gaaTavisuflebdnen. magram am umniSvnelovanesi

wamowyebis bolomde miyvanisaTvis, svimon mefis azriT, au-

cilebeli iyo imperators mSvidoba ar daemyarebina osma-

lebTan da osmaleTi iZulebuli gaexadaT ebrZola or

frontze. raTa imperatorsa da sulTans Soris SeTanxmeba

ar momxdariyo, svimon mefe filipe II-s imperatoris winaSe

Suamdgomlobas sTxovda2. sainteresoa, rom somxuri weri-

lis kastiliur TargmanSi kargad Cans svimon mefis diplo-

matiuri moRvaweoba antiosmaluri koaliciis Sesaqmnelad.

imave dros kargad Cans misi informirebuloba filipe II-isa

da rudolf II-is axloblobisa da, rac gansakuTrebiT sain-

teresoa, svimons espaneTis mefisaTvis adrec miuweria ru-

dolf meoresTan Tavisi diplomatiuri urTierTobis Sesa-

xeb. mas winaTac uTxovia espaneTis mefisaTvis eSuamdgomla

iranis SahTanac, raTa erToblivad gamosuliyvnen osmale-

Tis winaaRmdeg, rac kargad Cans filipes werilSi svimoni-

sadmi. igi wers: `Tqveni didebuleba yovelTvis exmareboda

transilvaniis imperators, rogorc kaTolikur mefes. icis

Tqvenma didebulebam, rom transilvaniis imperatorma Cven

mogvwera werili da dagvpirda, rom Tu igi Cven xels Seg-

viwyobs, gamoucxadebs ra [TurqeTs] oms erTi mxriv da Cven

meores mxriv. werilebi, romlebic me mivwere Tqvens dide-

bulebas, iyo am kavSiris Sesaxeb, romelic Seiqmna Cvens So-

ris, raTa vicodeT Tqveni udidebulesobis neba-survili.

1 somxuri werilis kastiliur TargmanSi svimoni aleqsandres Ta-

vis colisZmad moixseniebda, rac simarTle iyo. 2 sul sxva tonSia svimon mefis es Txovna filipe II-isadmi berZnu-

lad dawerili werilis kastiliur TargmanSi: àmitom mivmarTav

TxovniT Tqvens samefo Zlierebas, raTa Tqven gaerTiandeT keisar-

Tan da ar darToT neba zavi dados TurqeTis sulTanTan imis ga-

mo, rom amis Semdeg aRfrTovanebuli da ulmobeli (Turqebi _ e.

m.) ar wamovides Cvensa da Cveni eris winaaRmdeg da saerTod qris-

tianobis winaaRmdeg~. dok. #34, gv. 367.

189

transilvaniis imperatoris neba-survili Cven ukve viciT da

didad darwmunebuli varT, rom Tqven gagviwevT mfarvelo-

bas am saqmeSi, rac naTqvamia. amave mizeziT Cven mivwereT

erTi werili mis uwmidesobas da meore germaniis impera-

tors... de Tqvenma didebulebam misweros werili impera-

tors da darwmundes misi didebuleba, rom simarTlea, ra-

sac Cven vambobT...~1

espaneTis mefis werilobiT pasuxs qarTveli mefe Ta-

visive elCis xeliT eloda. svimon mefis amave werilSi gaJ-Rerdeba misi, rogorc diplomatis is Txovna, romelic 30 wlis Semdeg, gansakuTrebul aqtualurobas SeiZens Teimu-raz I-is espaneTTan urTierTobaSi: am ukanasknelma iranis Sahs urCios, rom igi svimons SeuTanxmdes, raTa maT qristi-

anTa keTil saqmeebze izrunon2.

espaneTis mefe filipe II-m svimon mefes weriliT upasu-

xa, romelic daiwera laTinurad 1598 wlis 25 ivliss san-

lorencos samefo monasterSi. am dRes aris Sedgenili imave

werilis espanuri, xolo 27 ivliss ki _ berZnuli versiebi.

werilidan kidev erTxel irkveva, rom svimon mefesa da fi-

lipe II-s Soris miwer-mowera adrec mimdinareobda, romlis

amsxveli masalebi jerjerobiT ucnobia.

laTinurad Sedgenil werilSi naTqvamia:

`filipe, RvTis wyalobiT kastiliis, leonis, arago-

nis, orive siciliis, ierusalimis, portugaliis, navaris da

indoeTis da sxvaTa mefe... saqarTvelos saxelganTqmul me-

fes salams da yovelgvar sikeTes uZRvnis.

didad moxaruli var Seni werilebisa, romlebiTac

dasturdeba, rom kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis dacvis sakiTxSi

simtkicesa da Seuryeulobas avlen, uzenaesi ufali gamoav-

lens Tavis nebas, dagicvas Sen. WeSmaritad yvela sikeTe

mogecema Sen.

1 dok. #32, gv. 362-363. 2 iqve, dok. #31, gv. 360-361.

190

Seni survili am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT bevrjer Se-

vasrule da iranis mefe araerTigzis Sevaguliane. Tu kidev

gaxdeba saWiro, kidev vikisreb am movaleobas1.

sxva saqmeebic mogvardeba, raki RvTis siyvaruliT Se-

kavSirebulxarT mefeni, rom rwmenis SenarCunebasa da gav-

rcelebaze ifiqroT, aRwevT kidevac mizans uflis SewevniT.

rac Cemgan aris saWiro, yvelafers viRoneb, dawyebul

saqmes ar vuRalateb, araviTar movaleobaze ukan ar davixev

romis papTan da ubrwyinvales imperatorTan, Cems uZvirfa-

ses diswulTan erTad am saqmis sasargeblod2.

yoveli mxridan Tavmoyril legatebs mindobili aqvT

amis ganxorcieleba. uzenaesi ufali gfaravdes didxans.

TariRi, RvTaebrivi lavrentis dRe, 25 ivlisi, 1598 we-

li.

filipe,

qarTvelTa qebul mefe simons~3.

1 berZnuli versia: `rac Seexeba Sens Txovnas Cems Sesaxeb, me ukve

mivwere sparsel mefes araerTxel da gavakeTeb amas didi siamovne-

biT kidev imdenjer, ramdenjerac saWiro iqneba~. dok. #37, gv. 371.

espanuri Targmani: `rac Seexeba Cems survils (unda iyos `Sens

survils~ _ e. m.) am sakiTxis Sesaxeb, me maSinve Sevaguliane spar-

selTa mefe, es gavakeTe araerTxel, xolo amas gavakeTeb daJine-

biT oficialuri weriliT didi siamovnebiT, ramdenjerac saWiro

iqneba~ (iqve, dok.# 39, gv. 372) 2 berZnuli versia: àRmogiCenT rogorc ki saWiro iqneba mxardaWe-

ras romis papTan da ubrwyinvales imperatorTan, Cems sayvarel

diswulTan, raTa maTac aRmogiCinon daxmareba; ramdenadac maT

orives hyavT sruluflebiani warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac ician,

Tu ra saSualebiT SeiZleba yvelaferi es gakeTdes~ (iqve, dok. #

38, gv. 371). espanuri Targmani: àrc erT sakiTxs ar gadavwyvet ro-

mis papis SeTanxmebis gareSe da brwyinvale imperatoris gareSe,

Cemi metad sayvareli disSvilis, raTa aRmouCinon daxmareba. maT

orives hyavT sruluflebiani warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac ician,

Tu rogor SeiZleba amis gakeTeba~. iqve, dok. # 39, gv. 372. 3 iqve, dok. #37, gv. 370.

191

svimon mefis diplomatiuri saqmianobis am mokle mi-

moxilviT dasrulda saqarTvelos evropasTan diplomatiu-

ri urTierTobis kidev erTi periodi, romelsac hqonda er-

Ti mniSvnelovani Sedegi: svimon mefe da misi samefo dasav-

leT evropaSi scnes, iranTan erTad, aRmosavleTSi osmale-

Tis mowinaaRmdege mniSvnelovan Zalad.

ar gauvlia didxans da svimon mefe osmalebma daat-

yvves. amis Semdeg arc aleqsandre II-s umefia didxans. am

ori mefis politikuri asparezidan wasvliT damTavrda qar-

Tveli politikosebis diplomatiuri saSualebebiT da iara-

RiT gmiruli brZolis erT-erTi saintereso epoqa.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im espanurma wyaroebma, rom-

lebsac ukve gavecaniT sagrZnoblad Seavso da gaafarTova

Cveni codna saqarTvelos sagareo politikisa da diploma-

tiis istoriis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT dasavleT evropasTan

mimarTebaSi. isini, aseve, gasagebs xdis romTan da espaneT-

Tan urTierTobis mTel rig im sakiTxebs, romlebic Teimu-

raz I-is da nikoloz ColoyaSvilis (nikifore irbaxis) sa-

xelebTan aris dakavSirebuli.

* * *

qarTveli politikuri moRvaweebis dasavleT evropasTan

urTierTobis damyarebis mcdelobas uSedegod ar Cauvlia.

gaZlierda interesi saqarTvelos mimarT. es gansakuTrebiT

iTqmis svimon I-is droindel saqarTveloze. dReisaTvis cno-

bili dokumenturi Tu naratiuli masala uflebas gvaZlevs

vTqvaT, rom XVII s. 20-ian wlebSi Terimuraz I-is espaneTis me-

fe filipe IV-sTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis damyarebis

dros espaneTSi sakmao warmodgena hqondaT saqarTveloze.

svimon mefis politikuri asparezidan wasvlis Semde-

gac, romSi misi pirovnebisa da saqarTvelos mimarT didi

interesis maCvenebelia marko antonio abanios (warmoSobiT

somexis) mier, svimon I-is elCis aleqsandres meSveobiT mo-

povebuli cnobebis kardinal santa severinasaTvis sakmaod

vrceli dokumentis saxiT wardgena.

192

dokumentSi laparakia svimon mefis mier erTi wlis

winaT ori elCis konstantinopolsa da ierusalimze gav-

liT romSi gagzavnaze. amas mosdevs saqarTvelos geografi-

uli mdebareobisa da bunebrivi pirobebis mokle aRwera, Ca-

moTvlilia qarTlis samefos qalaqebi, romlebic ganuwyve-

teli omebis Sedegad Zlier dazianda. aleqsandres uTqvams,

rom `qveynis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad dakavebulia samxedro

samsaxuriT, aseve soflis meurneobiT da vaWrobiT. mosax-

leobas awuxebs zedmeti sicive, rac gamowveulia zedmeti

TovliT, romliTac dafarulia zemoxsenebuli mTebi. ma-

gram isini sargebloben sxvadasxva cxovelis tyavisagan Se-

kerili tanisamosiT da aseve atareben bambazias da svamen

Rvinos TiTqmis wylis nacvlad, maTTvis yovelgvari zianis

gareSe, aRmosavleTis sxva xalxebisagan gansxvavebiT. qar-

Tveli qalebi icvamen mdidrulad oqroTi da abreSumiT

morTul sxvadasxva saxis qsovilebs. isini Zalian lamazebi

arian da floben mamacur suliskveTebas~1.

aleqsandres isic uTqvams, rom saqarTvelo mdidaria

abreSumiT, romelic somex da Turq vaWrebs gaaqvT aRmosav-

leTisa da dasavleTis qveynebSi.

sayuradReboa qarTvelTa SeiaraRebisa da brZolisuna-

rianobis aleqsandreseuli daxasiaTeba: `qarTvelebi omSi,

brZolebis dros sargebloben mSvildiT da isriT, fariT,

SubiT, moRunuli Turquli xmliT, xmlebiT, morkinuli kom-

baliT, xolo am bolo droidan _ sxvadasxva saxis arkebuze-

biT. isini TavianT cxenebs da mxedrebs aRWuraven TeTri ia-

raRiT iseve, rogorc wmindanebs, mrgvali SlemiT, samkerde

farebiT da xelTaTmanebiT sparsul yaidaze.

qarTvelebi metad marjveni arian, rogorc fexosanTa,

iseve cxenosanTa brZolaSi; Seukavebeli arian Setevis dros

da SiSs hgvrian mters TavianTi yviriliT. isini mTeli rwme-

niT erTgulni arian maTi batonebisadmi da brZolis dros

emorCilebian maT brZanebas sanam cocxalni arian. isini sagan-

1 iqve, dok. #29, gv. 348-349.

193

gebod daxelovnebulni arian omSi samxedro xerxebis gamogo-

nebaSi da maT gamoyenebaSi, sxvanairad TiTqmis ar ibrZvian

mterTan. iSviaTad an arasodes ar hyrian iaraRs, ganuwyvet-

liv rCebian brZolis velze, karvis qveS da iZineben miwaze~1.

Zalze sainteresoa aleqsandres mier aRwerili qarTuli

droSa: ìm mraval droSaTa Soris, romlebic omSi miaqvT,

qarTvelTa mefis droSa Cveulebrivze ufro mdidaria da la-

mazi. is gakeTebulia oTxi ganis Txeli wiTeli qsovilisagan,

oqroTi mdidrulad morTuli ulamazesi jvriT, yovel ganze

ornamentebiT morTuli uZvirfasesi qvebiT da margalitebiT,

mwvervalze gamoxatulia mefis gvirgvini~2.

mokled moTxrobilia sami qarTveli mefis vinaobisa

da maTi sagareo politikuri orientaciis Sesaxeb, rom qar-

Tlis mefe svimoni _ iranis, xolo kaxeTis da imereTis _

aleqsandre da levani _ osmaleTis momxreni arian. maTi ga-

erTianebis SemTxvevaSi Segrovdeboda 100 aTasi meomari3 da

isini osmaleTis damarcxebas SeZlebdnen.

am mokle Sesavlis Semdeg, dokumentSi, ZiriTadad,

moTxrobilia svimon mefis Sesaxeb: Sah Tamazs undoda svi-

moniisaTvis SeerTo vinme ìSviaTi silamaziT dajildove-

buli da keTilSobili qali, saxelad dodua. magram svimon-

ma uari Tqva religiuri motiviT. svimoni 12 wlis ganmavlo-

baSi ebrZoda sparselebs da proTurquli orientaciisa iyo.

sparselebma igi daatyveves da im cixeSi Casves, sadac dapa-

timrebuli iyo Sah Tamazis Svili ismaili. isini damegob-

1 iqve gv. 350. 2 iqve. Zma melSior duS anJoSis da Zma xoan de san xoses moxsene-

biT baraTSi qarTvelebis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom `Standartad isini

atareben vercxlis did jvars, romelzec gadakrulia muqi lilis

[iis] feris qsovili. kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II Tavisi SviliT da

sami Tu oTxi aTasiani armiiT Sah abasTan yofila (sadac qarTvel-

Ta laSqari sparselebTan erTad win miiwevda 3 jvrisa da wiTeli

tilos winamZRolobiT). tabaRua i., II, gv. 73. 3 nikifore irbaxmac, 30 wlis Semdeg, madridSi, Teimuraz I-is gan-

kargulebaSi meomarTa igivi raodenoba daasaxela.

194

rdnen da rodesac ismaili Sahi gaxda, man svimoni gaanTavi-

sufla, dacvisaTvis 500 jarikaci misca da samSobloSi ga-

istumra. `wasvlis win ismailma mas sazeimod miacemina pi-

roba, rom igi arasodes ar gamoiyenebda Tavis iaraRs ira-

nis gvirgvinis winaaRmdeg, xolo samxedro TvalsazrisiT

yovelTvis mis mxareze iqneboda~1.

daiwyo osmaleTis agresia saqarTvelosa da iranis wi-

naaRmdeg. qarTlSi axladdabrunebuli svimoni lala Mmusta-

fa faSam TavisTan, gorSi miiwvia da agrZnobina, rom Tu igi

osmalebis momxre gaxdeboda, maSin sulTnis mxardaWera ar

moakldeboda. svimoni osmalebs ar endo, 5 aTasi mebrZoli

Seagrova da mis winaaRmdeg gagzavnili 18 aTasi osmalo ja-

riskaci gaanadgura. 15 dReze nakleb droSi man daibruna Ta-

visi samefos TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani qalaqi: àxaldaba,

surami, ali, tuilisi (?), gori da bevri sxva, dautova mters,

mxolod qalaqi da cixe-simagre Tbilisi, raTa hqonoda Se-

saZlebloba erTxel Tu orjer weliwadSi xelT egdo mTli-

anad nadavli im saganZuridan, romlebsac Turqebi agzavnid-

nen TbilisSi am qalaqis Senaxvis mizniT~2. elCma aleq-

sandrem Tavisi naTqvamis dasadastureblad Cvens istoriog-

rafiaSi kargad cnobili is magaliTi gaixsena, rodesac fer-

had faSa da manuCar aTabagi Tbilisis dasaxmareblad fuli-

Ta da meomrebiT midiodnen da svimon mefe rom CausafrdaT

da osmalTa jari sastikad gaanadgura. àmrigad gaanadgura

ra Turqebi da ukuaqcia isini, (svimonma _e.m.) farhad faSas

waarTva coli mTeli Tavisi msaxurebiT da asobiT samxedro

meTauri tyved wamoiyvana~3. rogorc cnobilia, ferhad faSam

ganizraxa Tavisi marcxi manuCarisaTvis gadaebralebina da

igi moekla, magram manuCarma daaswro, ìmoqmeda swrafad da

iqve miwaze daagdo ramdenime kaci: mokla kadum faSa da di-

arbegi, romlebic mis gverdiT idgnen, xolo ramdenime kaci

1 iqve, gv. 351-352. 2 iqve, gv. 353. 3 iqve, gv. 354.

195

daWra~. amis Semdeg is SeuerTda simon mefes, misi qaliSvili

SeirTo da qristianobas daubrunda.

SurisZiebis grZnobiT Sepyrobili ferhad faSa Tavisi

colis ganTvisuflebas cdilobda. igi, TbilisisaTvis daxma-

rebis sababiT, TviTon Caudga jars saTaveSi da win gagzavna

oTxi faSa 40 aTasi kaciT. TviTon ferhad faSa ki ramdenad-

me moSorebiT 60 aTasi mebrZoliT misdevda avangards.

simoni Tavisi 25 aTasi qveiTiTa da mxedriT Tavs da-

esxa oasmalTa mowinave jars, 10 aTasi kaci moukla da ro-

desac ferhad faSa Tavisi ZiriTadi jariT gamoCnda, simon-

ma ukan daixia mTebSi. mas daeRupa mxolod 150 kaci, `ro-

melTa Soris iyo 30 cnobili qarTveli mebrZoli~1.

ferhadma axla sxva gzas mimarTa. aleqsandres TqmiT,

`man SesTavaza simon mefes qalaq ierusalimis mmarTveloba

saqarTvelos ufliswulis, misi ufrosi vaJiSvilisaTvis,

xolo Tbilisi da bevri sxva adgili, TviTon misTvis, ro-

desac igi isurvebs da dahyaros iaraRi, gahyves laSqrobaSi

did batons, xolo mas daubrunebs Tavis cols da sxva

tyveebs, romlebic mas Tan hyavs~.

svimon mefem uari ganacxada am SeTavazebaze. amave

dros cnobili gaxda iranis ufliswulis hamza mirzas sam-

zadisze saqarTveloSi Sesvlisa da Tavisi Zalebis svimo-

nis ZalebTan gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. am ambavma Zlier SeaSfo-

Ta osmaleTis momxre qarTveli mefeebi _ aleqsandre da

levani da maT qarTlis mefe svimons mokavSireoba SesTava-

zes. magram hamza mirzas mkvlelobis gamo maT gegma Secva-

les da kvlav Zvel poziciaze darCnen.

rogorc elCma aleqsandrem sTqva, hamzas sikvdilis

Semdeg, iranis mdgomareoba kidev ufro gauaresda. svimon

mefe grZnobda, rom osmaleTis Semotevis SeCerebas marto

1 espanur wyaroSi motanili es ambavi 1581-1582 wlebSi moxda. igi

jovani tomazo minadois sakmaod gansxvavebulad da ufro vrclad

aqvs gadmocemuli da osmaleTis sardlaTac mehmed faSas asaxe-

lebs, rac sinamdviles Seefereba. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTve-

los sagareo politika da diplomatia, I, gv. 427-433.

196

Tavisi ZaliT veRar SeZlebda da amitom man Tavisi elCebis

papTan da espaneTis mefesTan gagzavna da rCevisa da daxma-

rebis Txovna gadawyvita 1.

ras fiqrobdnen XVII s. dasawyisSi dasavleT evropaSi

saqarTvelos Sida politikuri mdgomareobis, religiuri

cxovrebis, kaTolikobis gavrcelebis perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb,

yovelive amaze saintereso cnobebs vxvdebiT Zma melSior

duS anJoSis da Zma xoan de san xoses moxsenebiT baraTSi,

romelic gagzavnilia iranidan madridSi 1614 w. 16 ianvars.

friad sainteresoa anonimuri `saqarTvelos aRwera~,

romelSic gadmocemulia misi bunebrivi pirobebi, klimati,

niadagis nayofiereba, flora da fauna, nagebobebi, qarTve-

lebis fizikuri aRnagoba, simamace; maRali da dabali war-

moSobis qarTveli qalebis gargnoba, maTi saqmianoba; qar-

Tvelebis Cacmuloba; stumarTmoyvareoba; gansakuTrebiT

xazgasmulia qarTvelTa religiuri rwmena.

yovelive zemoaRniSnuli safuZvels gvaZlevs vTqvaT,

rom dasavleT evropaSi sakmao informacias flobdnen sa-

qarTvelos warsulsa da Tanamedrove mdgomareobaze maSin,

rodesac Teimuraz I-ma nikoloz (nikifore) ColoyaSvili iq

elCad gagzavna.

1 iqve, gv. 354-357.

197

VI. nikifore irbaxi _ Teimuraz I-is diplomati ormuzis krizisi da qarTveli politikosebis iranis ganadgurebis gegma

qarTl-kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I-is espaneTTan samxedro

samokavSireo urTierTobis damyarebisaTvis elCobis gag-

zavnis maprovocirebeli, garkveuli gagebiT, SeiZleba iT-

qvas, iyo k. ormuzis gamo Seqmnili samxedro-politikuri

krizisi

ormuzi, misi ayvavebis periodSi axlo aRmosavleTis

erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani porti iyo, romelic por-

tugalielebis mier dapyrobamde, XVI saukunis dasawyisSi,

akontrolebda indoeTsa da aRmosavleT afrikas Soris sa-

vaWro gzebs. ormuzi iyo qalaqi-saxelmwifo _ ayvavebuli

damoukidebeli samefo. savaWro gzebis gadakveTaze mdebare-

obis gamo, is gaxda msoflioSi erT-erTi umdidresi qalaqi.

portugalielebi am qalaqsa da mis ports akontrolebdnen

1515-1622 wlebSi.

Sah abas I didi xnis ganmavlobaSi emzadeboda ormuzis

dasapyrobad. igi am qalaqs Tu daeufleboda, faqtobrivad

gaakontrolebda msoflio vaWrobis mniSvnelovan nawils.

ormuzi mtkiced gamagrebuli hqondaT espaneTis mefis qveSev-

rdom portugalielebs. kunZulis misadgomebs da TviT qa-

laqs, espaneT-portugaliis Zlieri floti da jari icavda.

damoukideblad Sahs maTi daZleva gauWirdeboda. amitom man

daaxloeba daiwyo espaneT-portugaliis metoqe ingliseleb-

Tan, romlebic Zlier dainteresebuli iyvnen am uaRresad

mniSvnelovani regionidan maTi gaZevebiT.

Sirazis gamgebelma imamyuli-xan undilaZem inglisis

ostindoeTis kompaniis eskadris daxmarebiT portugalie-

lebs kunZulze strategiuli cixe-simagre qeSmi waarTva da

alya Semoartya ormuzs, romelic aTi kviris Semdeg, 1622

wlis maisSi danebda. magram portugalielebi TavianTi po-

ziciis aRdgenisaTvis brZolas ganagrZobdnen da calkeul

198

warmatebebsac aRwevdnen. ase rom, imamyuli-xanma kunZulis

dapyroba mxolod 1625 wels SeZlo1.

ueWvelia, iaranTan dapirispirebuli Teimuraz mefe da

misi kariskacebi saqmis kursSi iyvnen imisa, Tu ra xdeboda

iranis samxreT regionSi da gafacicebiT adevnebdnen Tval-

yurs iq Semdgom ganviTarebas movlenebisa, romelsac SeiZle-

boda gavlena moexdina Sah abas I-is antiqarTul politikaze.

savaraudoa, qarTveli politikosebi saWiro informacias

iRebda iranSi mcxovrebi maRalCinosani qarTvelebisganac.

ufro metic, gamoTqmulia sakmaod argumentirebuli mosazre-

biT, Teimuraz mefes Sah abasis sawinaaRmdego kavSiri unda

hqonoda alavrdi-xan undilaZis vaJebTan _ imamyuli-xanTan

da mis ZmasTan, ganja-yarabaxis gamgebel daud-xanTan. amave

mkvlevris mixedviT, Teimurazsa da undilaZeebs Soris mekav-

Sire, TiTqos, giorgi saakaZe unda yofiliyo2.

vfiqrob, imis mixedviT rac cnobilia Teiumurazisa da

giorgi saakaZis dapirispirebidan, gamoricxulia martyofis

ajanyebamde giorgi saakaZesa da Teimuraz mefes Soris rai-

me kavSiri, miT ufro Sah abasis winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebis

mowyobisaTvis samzadisSi maTi erTad yofna (amaze vrclad

sxva naSromSi iqneba). aseve ver gaviziareb TiTqos Sahis sa-

winaaRmdego SeTqmulebaSi monawileobda osmaleTis sul-

Tnis winaaRmdeg ajanyebuli arzrumis beglarbegi abaza-fa-

Sa (mis Sesaxebac vrclad SemdgomSi vityvi). miWirs imis ga-

ziarebac, rom SeTqmulebas ormagi mizandasaxuleba hqonda:

antisparsuli _ mimarTuli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos same-

foebisa abas I-is asimilatoruli politikis winaaRmdeg da

antiTurquli _ mimarTuli sulTnis analogiuri politikis

winaaRmdeg3.

1 Wilson A. T., The Persian Gulf, Oxford, 1928; Boxer C. R., "Anglo-Portuguese rivalry in the Persian Gulf, 1615-1635," in Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations, ed. E. Prestage, Watford, 1935. 2 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Грузия и европейские страны. Т. I. Грузия и Западная EЕвропа XIII-XVII века, кн. I, 2003, с. 272. 3 Там же.

199

SeTqmulTa dapirispireba erTdroulad ori mZlavri

mezoblis winaaRmdeg, strategiulad da taqtikurad aras-

wori iqneboda, radgan, tradiciulad, qarTuli diplomatia

cdilobda am ori agresoris erTmaneTTan dapirispirebiT

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefoebis gadarCenas da mizans

TiTqmis yovelTvis aRwevda. Teimuraz mefec amgvari saga-

reo politikuri kursis gamagrZelebeli iyo. imave dros,

igi cdilobda or agresors Soris kidev ufro moxerxebu-

lad lavirebis mizniT mesame Zalac Semoeyvana saqarTve-

los da, saerTod, kavkasiis politikuri problemebis qarT-

velebis sasargeblod gadasaWrelad. qarTvel politikoseb-

sa da diplomatebs isic kargad ecodinebodaT, rom qristi-

anul samyaroSi ver moZebnidnen iseT qveyanas, romelic, er-

Tdroulad, iranisa da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omis momxre

iqneboda. isini axlo aRmosavleTSi TavianTi politikuri

Tu samxedro interesebisaTvis an erTs aniWebdnen upirate-

sobas an meores.

mocemul periodSi, Teimuraz mefisagan antiosmaluri

moqmedeba sruliad moulodneli iyo. igi, Sahisagan devni-

li, jer kidev did imeds amyarebda osmaleTisagan daxmare-

bis miRebaze. niSandoblivia isic, rom SeTqmulebis mxo-

lod Sahis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebaze gvaqvs pirdapiri

da iribi cnobebi da samecniero gamokvlevebic1.

1 Avalishvili Z., Teimuraz I and his poem `The martyrdom of Queen Ketevan~, Georgica, #4-5, 1937, p. 34-42; javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria,

IV, Tb., 1967, gv. 357-369; gabaSvili v., undilaanT feodaluri saxli

XVI-XVII ss. iranSi (qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT). axlo aRmosav-

leTis istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tb., 1972, gv. 76-83; don kristoforo

de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. teqsti ga-

Sifra, Targmna, gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo b. giorgaZem,

Tb., 1976, gv. 14-15; natroSvili T., maSriyiT maRribamde, Tb., 1978, gv.

190-198, 214-234; natroSvili T., Teimuraz pirvelis ajanyeba da imam-

yuli-xan undilaZe. axloaRmosavluri krebuli, Tb., 1983, gv. 165-172;

Jordania g., Teimuraz mefe da Zmani undilaZeni, `mnaTobi~, #5,

1984, gv. 146.

200

sayuradRebod mimaCnia j. vaTeiSvilis mier martyofis

brZolisa da nikifore irbaxis evropaSi gagzavnis erT as-

peqtSi ganxilva da portugalielebis mier dakarguli or-

muzisaTvis iranelebTan da ingliselebTan brZolis ganax-

lebasTan dakavSireba1. magram arasworad mimaCnia TiTqos

Teimurazma da misma Tanamzraxvelebma nikifores erTdrou-

lad antisparsuli da antiosmaluri koaliciis Seqmna daa-

vales, ris damtkicebasac j. vaTeiSvili cdilobs.

mivyveT j. vaTeiSvilis msjelobas: ingliselebis tyve-

obidan gaqceulma portugaliis eskadris meTaurma rui

freire d’andradam sparselebis winaaRmdeg brZola ganaax-

la. portugalielebis warmatebas, garkveuli gagebiT, xeli

Seuwyo martyofSi yizilbaSTa jaris ganadgurebam, ramac

Sahs ar misca saSualeba droulad moexdina reagireba rui

freires moqmedebaze. portugalielebis Zalaufleba gav-

rcelda ormuzis axlomdebare zogierT mniSvnelovan regi-

onze. martyofis marcxis Semdeg Sah abasis mTeli yuradRe-

ba mimarTuli iyo qarTvelebze SurisZiebisaken da man ver

uzrunvelyo ormuzisaTvis mebrZolebis daxmareba. rui fre-

irem imdenad SeZlo Zalebis mobilizeba, rom man Tavisi es-

kadriT daxmareba gauwia imave iranis yureSi imamyuli-xanis

jaris winaaRmdeg mebrZol basris osmalo faSas, romelic

portugalielebs, TavianT bunebriv mokavSired miaCndaT2.

roca imamyuli-xan undilaZem ormuzi sabolood (1625

w.) daipyro, amis Semdeg gadawyda nikifore irabaxis elCo-

bis gagzavna dasavleT evropaSi. `qarTveli SeTqmulebi Cqa-

robdnen gaerkviaT ara mxolod espaneTis mTavrobis dainte-

resebisa da mzadyofnis xarisxi (maT mier qarTveli elCis

saSualebiT SeTavazebuli konkretuli samxedro moqmedebis

gegmis Sesabamisad) ormuzis regionSi iranis interesebis

sawinaaRmdego saidumlo samxedro kavSiris Sekvris Sesa-

xeb, aramed daezustebinaT aRmosavleT qarTuli samefoebis

1 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 274. 2 Там же, с. 275-276.

201

politikuri garantiebic iranis yureSi erToblivi Zalis-

xmeviT miRweuli warmatebis SemTxvevaSi~1.

qarTveli elCis espaneTis mefesa da mis ndobiT aR-

Wurvil pirebTan gasaidumloebuli zepiri molaparakebis

arsi, j. vaTeiSvilis azriT, daaxloebiT, unda yofiliyo

Semdegi: Tu espaneTis mTavroba mzad iyo samxedro Tanam-

SromlobisaTvis (ris Sesaxeb nikifore irbaxs dauyovnebliv

SeTqmulTaTvis unda ecnobebina), maSin imamyuli-xani, ro-

gorc iranis jarebis mTavarsardali, xels Seuwyobda espa-

neT-portugaliis jarebis warmatebas ormuzis regionSi2.

madridSi molaparakebebis dros ormuzis sakiTxi gan-

xilvis sagani rom unda yofiliyo, amaze miuTiTebs Teimu-

raz mefis werili da ierusalimis patriarqis sarekomenda-

cio baraTi, romelSic naTqvamia: ègeni (espanel-pirtugalie-

lebi _e.m.) moetivnen sparsTa da aqaT Cven uyoT devna Zlieri

da aRvxocoT igi pirisagan queyanisa yovlad uRmrTo igi sa-

Zageli~3. marTalia Teimuraz mefe ar miuTiTebs saidan unda

`moetivnen~ espanelebi sparselebs, magram unda igulisxmobo-

des sparseTis yure da ormuzis regioni da asec gaigebda

filipe IV da misi mTavroba, sxva mxridan espanelebi irans

ver miudgebodnen. is rac SeTqmulma qarTvelebma xmamaRla

ver sTqves da amis Sesaxeb mxolod maTs elCs uSualod es-

paneTis mefisa da mis sando adamianebisaTvis sityvierad un-

da moexsenebina, Tavis werilSi gaaxmovana ierusalimis pat-

riarqma: Teimuraz mefe àmitom iTxovs, rom daexmaro mas... an

sparselebisaTvis SiSis momgvreli sityvebiT an (SeiaraRebu-

li _e.m.) ZalebiT ormuzis mxridan~4.

ormuz-iranis problemasTan osmaleTis problemis mib-

ma da pirvelis ufro mwvaved dayeneba, vidre meorisa, Cemi

azriT, maSindeli evropis zogierTi saxelmwifos politi-

kuri koniunqturas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, miviRebT srul

1 Там же, с. 277. 2 Там же, с. 277-278. 3 dokumentebi, gv. 412, #56. 4 iqve, gv. 419, #58.

202

Seusabamisobas qarTl-kaxeTis samefos politikur da sam-

xedro interesebTan.

j. vaTeiSvilma Tavisi naSromis mniSvnelovani monakve-

Ti miuZRvna imis axsnas, Teimuraz mefe da iranSi moRvawe

Zmebi undilaZeebi rogor dainteresebulni iyvnen osmale-

Tis winaaRmdeg omiT. mkvlevris msjelobidan ise gamodis,

rom isini antiosmaluri koaliciis Camoyalibebas ufro

met upirtesobas aniWebdnen, vidre iranis agresiisagan sa-

qarTvelos dacvas. mas ganxiluli aqvs Teimurazis mier es-

paneTis mTavrobisaTvis `SeTavezebuli~ antiosmaluri `jva-

rosnuli laSqrobis~ gegma, romelic TiTqos nikifore ir-

baxma Caitana madridSi da romelsac aqtiurad ixilavda es-

paneTis mTavroba1. vfiqrob meti kritikuli midgoma iyo sa-

Wiro amgvari gegmis safuZvlianobis mimarT, Seesabameboda

Tu ara igi Teimuraz mefisa da misi samefos interesebs da

Tu ara, maSin ratom da vis mier Seiqmna igi. am sakiTxis Ce-

meul gaazrebas SemdgomSi warmovaCen.

imis gamo, rom nikoloz ColoyaSvili (nikifore irba-

xi) rigiTi movlena ar iyo qarTuli diplomatiis istoria-

Si, Sevecdebi SedarebiT srulad wrmovaCino es uaRresad

saintereso, winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse mravalmxrivi moRvawe. nikifore irbaxi (nikoloz ColoyaSvili _ 1585-1659)

XVII s. 20-50-iani wlebis saqarTvelos erT-erTi gamoCenili

saeklesio, politikuri da kulturis moRvawea. masze bevri

ram Tqmula da dawerila, magram, es istoriuli pirovneba da

misi saqmianoba mainc jer kidev srulyofilad Seswavlili

ar aris. zogierTi momenti misi biografiidan, rac TiTqos

dadgenilia, eWvs iwvevs. dReisaTvis cnobili werilobiTi

wyaroebis safuZvelze, nikifore ColoyaSvilis biografiis

ramdenadme Sevseba an sxvagvarad gaazreba SeiZleba.

nikifore irbaxis moRvaweobaze cnobebi umTavresad

Teimuraz I-is mier misi dasavleT evropaSi elCad gagzavnis

droidan (1626 w.) gvaqvs. Tanamedroveebis mier datovebuli

1 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 279-309.

203

fragmentuli cnobebidan iqmneba irbaxis miaxloebiTi biog-

rafia, romlis SedarebiT srulyofa SeiZleba mxolod im

istoriuli realiebis gaxsenebiTa da analiziT, romlebSic

is uSualod monawileobda.

marTalia, winamdebare narkvevSi nikifores cxovrebisa

da moRvaweobis TiTqmis yvela mxares vexebi, magram wina

planze wamoweulia misi diplomatiuri saqmianoba, gansa-

kuTrebiT ki, evropaSi mogzauroba Tavisi SedegebiT. sakiT-

xisadmi interess aZlierebs Cveni da ucxoeli istorikose-

bis mier dasavleT evropis sacavebSi mikvleuli sakmaod

mdidari werilobiTi cnobebi. nikifore irbaxis dasavleT evropaSi mogzaurobis am-

saxveli masalebis gamomzeureba-SeswavlaSi gansakuTrebu-

li Rvawli miuZRviT m. TamaraSvils, j. vaTeiSvils, i. taba-

Ruas da z. gamezardaSvils.

aRniSnul sakiTxze mravalma mkvlevarma gamoTqva Ta-

visi mosazreba. mokled rom vTqvaT, sxvadasxvanairad aris

Sefasebuli Teimuraz I-is mier dasavleT evropaSi elCobis

gagzavnis mizanSewoniloba da misi Sedegebi.

s. kakabaZes Teimuraz mefis mier evropis saxelmwifoeb-

Tan dakavSirebis mcdeloba avantiuristul nabijad miaCnda1.

b. giorgaZe ixilavda ra XVII s. 20-ian wlebSi Seqmnil

politikur situacias, askvnida: àseT araxelsayrel poli-

tikur viTarebaSi elCis gagzavna im saxelmwifoTa karze,

romelTa interesebi sruliad sawinaaRmdego orientacias

moiTxovda, mowmobs, rom saqme unda gvqondes araSorsmWvre-

tel politikuri msoflmxedvelobis mqone saxelmwifos

xelmZRvanelTan, romelsac saerTaSoriso viTarebisaTvis

Tavi veRar gaurTmevia~2.

1 kakabaZe s., qarTuli wignis beWdvis 320 wlis iubilesaTvis. qar-

Tuli mwerloba, 1929, #8-9. 2 Ddon juzepe milaneli, werilebi saqarTveloze. XVII saukune.

italiuri teqsti Targmna, winasityveoba da SeniSvnebi daurTo b.

giorgaZem, Tb., 1964, gv. 16-17.

204

g. akofaSvili, romelmac pirvelma scada daewera mo-

nografia nikifore irbaxze, amarTlebda Teimurazis saga-

reo politikas evropasTan mimarTebaSi da miaCnda, rom ni-

kifores elCobis mTavari mizani iyo, misi, rogorc saxel-

mwifos meTauris prestiJis aRiareba evropis meTaurebis mi-

er1.

daaxloebiT analogiuri mosazreba gamoTqva T. tiva-

Zem2.

n. nakaSiZe darwmunebuli iyo, rom Teimuraz mefe ev-

ropaSi mokavSires eZebda iranis winaaRmdeg, raSic veTan-

xmebi, magram ar veTanxmebi imaSi, rom Teimurazi kargad in-

formirebuli iyo evropis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis iranTan

garTulebuli urTierTobis Sesaxeb, rac maTTan samokavSi-

reo xelSekrulebis dadebisa da iqidan SeiaraRebuli dax-

marebis miRebis imeds usaxavda3.

j. vaTeiSvili amtkicebs, rom elCoba iaranis ki ara

osmaleTis winaaRmdeg mokavSireobas sTavazobda espaneTis

mTavrobas (amis Sesaxeb vrclad qvemoT).

i. tabaRuas miaCnda, rom espaneTis samefo karze urCi-

es nikifores antisparsuli koaliciis idea Seecvala anti-

osmaluri ideiT (vrclad qvemoT). M

m. svaniZe fiqrobs, rom nikifore irbaxis elCoba Tavi-

danve antiosmaluri koaliciis Seqmnas isaxavda miznad

(vrclad qvemoT).

aseTive azri gamosTqves g. Jordaniam da z. gamezar-

daSvilmaA(vrclad qvemoT).

elCoba rom antiosmaluri koaliciis Seqmnis mizniT

gaigzavna evropaSi eWvi ar epareba d. kaWaravas4.

1 akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati nikoloz ColoyaSvili _ ni-

kifore irbaxi, Tb., 1977, gv. 31 2 tivaZe T., Teimuraz I-is sagareo politika, Tb., 1990, gv. 65. 3 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. Труд, с. 91. 4 qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II naw., T., 1998, gv.

169-170.

205

nikifores ojaxuri garemo, ganaTleba da moRvaweobis I periodi (1626 wlamde)

nikifore ColoyaSvili kaxeTis Zveli, Zlieri da

cnobili Tavadebis gvaridan iyo. k. kekeliZem daadgina, rom

misi mama oman irubaqiZe-ColoyaSvili iyo gamoCenili sar-

dali, deda barbare, aragvis erisTavis asuli. omanis saxe-

lidan Seiqmna gvari – omaniSvil-ColoyaSvili1. rac Seexeba

nikifores meore gvars – irubaqiZe, romliTac mas evropaSi

icnobdnen, warmosdgeboda ColoyaSvilebis adreuli gvar-

saxelidan – irubaqiZe. ase iwodeboda es gvari XV saukune-

Si da XVI s. damdegs.

nikifores dabadebis zusti TariRi ar viciT. igi unda

dabadebuliyo 1585 wlis axloxanebSi, rac gamoangariSebu-

lia italieli misioneri juzepe-maria Zampis erT cnobaze

dayrdnobiT, rom daaxloebiT 1655 wels (roca Zampi Tavis

mogonebebs swerda samegreloze) nikifore 70 wlisa iyo2.

nikifore, rogorc m. TamaraSvils erT-erTi Teatineli

istorikosis naSromSi amoukiTxavs, amayobda Tavisi warmo-

mavlobiTa da naTesavebiT. mas qcevazec etyoboda, rom di-

debulTa STamomavali iyo. `Tavis mamisas ambobda, rom er-

Ti upirvelesi TavadTagani da saqarTvelos jaris ufrosi

iyo. mravalgzis daumarcxebia sparselebi da sxvaTa Soris,

erTxel 20.000 qarTveliT amouwyvetia 90.000 kaci sparsele-

bis jarisa. evropaSi amis wasvlis dros, saqarTvelos ja-

ris ufrosad yofila misi biZaSvili3, romelic aranakleb

mxneobas iCenda omSi~4.

1 kekeliZe k., qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tb., 1968, gv. 373. 2 Jan Sardeni, mogzauroba iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi

(cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb). frangulidan Targmna, gamokvleva

da komentarebi daurTo m. mgalobliSvilma, Tb., 1975, gv. 141. 3 albaT, nikifores Zma qaixosro, Teimuraz I-is gamoCenili sarda-

li. 4 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 92.

206

nikifores mSoblebisa da Zmis Sesaxeb saintereso in-

formacias vxvdebiT ierusalimisa jvris monastris taZarSi,

Crdilo dasavleTi svetis samxreT mxares moTavsebul war-

weraSi: `jvaro patiosano da wmindano mTavar angelozno mi-

qael da Ggabriel SeiwyaleT ColoyaSvili oman da Ze maTi

mouravi qaixosro da Tana_mecxedre maTi barbar. amin~1. Nni-

kifore, imave taZris dasavleTi kedlis warweraSic, moixse-

niebs Tavis mama omans2, Zmas qaixosros ki CrdiloeTis ked-

lis warweraSi wamebulad moixseniebs: `mowame qaixosro Co-

loyaSvili~3. timoTe gabaSvils igi Sah abasis mier wamebu-

lad miaCnda, pirdapiri gagebiT, mis dros (XVIII s. Sua xane-

bi) ierusalimis jvris monastris kedelze jer kidev Semor-

Cenili iyo qaixosros portreti. timoTe werda: `wmida mowa-

me qaixosro qarTveli, romeli awama yenman Sahabaz wmidaTa

xatTaTvis qoronikonsa t~4. timoTes naTqvami ise unda gavi-

goT, rom qaixosros sikvdilSi ASah abas I-is xeli eria. Tei-

muraz mefis mier qaixosros mokvdineba, rom Sah abasis in-

trigebis Sedegad moxda, amaze sakmaod vrclad gadmogvcems

pietro dela vale5.

rogorc Cans, nikiforem ierusalimis jvris monas-

terSi Tavis portretTan erTad Zmis portretic daaxatvina.

timoTe gabaSvili ar gvamcnobs, magram savaraudoa, isini

erTmaneTis siaxloves exatnen. samwuxarod, taZarSi maTi

portretebi aRar arsebobs.

ratom iyo nikifores TanamedroveTa da misi Semdgomi

Taobebis gagebiT qaixosro wamebuli? mizezebs Semdeg ga-

vecnobiT. manamde unda iTqvas, rom nikifores deda barbara,

rogorc sxva wyarodan irkveva, Semonazvnebula, magram ar

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., ierusalimis jvris monastris istoria, gv.

85. 2 iqve, gv. 75. 3 iqve, gv. 79. 4 timoTe gabaSvili, mimoslva. gamosca e. metrevelma, Tb., 1956, gv.

85. 5 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Ук. труд, с. 359.

207

Cans rodis moxda es, meuRlis _ omanis gardacvalebis, Tu

Svilis _ qaixosros tragikulad daRupvis Semdeg1. barba-

ras Semonazvnebaze vigebT iqidan, rom imave jvris monas-

terSi nikiforem Tavis axloblebs 4 dekembrisaTvis daudg-

ina wirva da aRapi: àmave dResa wirvaÁ da aRapi Colayas-

Svilisa omanisa da meuRlisa misisa monazonisa barbarasi

da ZisaÁ misisa qaixosrosi da misis Zmisa iovanesi gauCineT

Cuen juaris maman nikiforem da episkoposman Teodosem...~2

unda iTqvas, rom ColoyaSvilebis gvars, tradiciu-

lad, urTierToba hqonda ierusalimis wminda adgilebTan da

amagsac ar aklebda. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis qarTul ekle-

sia-monastrebze. jvris monasterTanaa dakavSirebuli am gva-

ris cnobili warmomadgenlebi – beJani, baaduri, garsevani,

beena (XVI s.), omani, qaixosro da gansakuTrebiT ki nikoloz-

nikifore. maTi saxelebi Semogvinaxa jvris monastris fres-

kebma da warwerebma3. timoTe gabaSvilis mixedviT beJansa da

baadurs wm. Tedores monasteri auSenebiaT4. ierusalimis

jvris monastris aRapebis mixedviT ki, garsevansa da baa-

durs jvris monastrisaTvis fuli SeuwiravT5.

nikifores bavSvobasa da mis aRzrdaze araviTari cno-

ba ar gagavaCnia. dadgenilad iTvleba, k. kekeliZis gamokvle-

vis mixedviT, rom mSoblebma ymawvili nikolozi ganaTlebis

misaRebad italiaSi gagzavnes da erT-erT berZnul skolaSi

miabares, sadac 12 weli gaatara6. 1608 wlis maxloblad igi

1 Синодик Крестного Монастыря в Иерусалиме. Изд. Н. Марр, СПб., 1914, с. 21. 2 metreveli e., masalebi, gv. 87, #88. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., ierusalimis jvris monastris istoria, gv.

28, 36, 70, 75, 79, 85. 4 timoTeE gabaSvili, gv. 81 5 metreveli e., masalebi, gv. 142-143. 6 nikifores romSi swavlasTan dakavSirebiT skeptikuri mosazreba

gamosTqva i. tabaRuam (tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 147-148, 179,

Sen. 81). razec g. Jordaniam, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli logikiT upa-

suxa da scada daesabuTebina nikifores mier romSi ganaTlebis mi-

Reba. Жордания Г., Ук. труд, с. 215

208

patr gvilelmosTan1 erTad dabrunda samSobloSi. Tavdapir-

velad ramdenime weliwadi dasavleT saqarTveloSi darCa

`da swored am dros dauTesia mas guriaSi Tesli kaToliko-

bisa, romlis Sesaxeb ludovike granjeriosi mogviTxrobs~2.

is rac nikifores italiaSi swavlaze iTqva, damyarebulia m.

TamaraSvilis mier mopovebul arapirdapir wyaroebze. magram,

mainc vcadoT gavarkvioT ramdenad gvaZlevs isini nikifores

biografiis aRdgenis saSualebas.

nikiforem, rom 12 weli italiaSi swavlaSi gaatara

amis sabuTad mohyavT frangi misioneris lui granJes (m. Ta-

maraSvilis mixedviT, ludovike granjeriosi), mier 1615

wlis 2 marts samegrelodan (sof. moqvi) gagzavnil weril-

Si naTqvami, rom rodesac is guriaSi imyofeboda, gakvirve-

buli darCa gurulebis simpaTiebiT kaTolikobisa da romis

papis mimarT. amgvar ganwyobilebas is miawers erTi qarTve-

li monazonis moRvaweobas `romelmac 12 weli gaatara ro-

maSi, daTesa keTili Tesli am nayofier miwazed, romelsac

axla Cven vrwyavT da nayofsac vaRebinebT RvTis kurTxe-

viT~3. m. TamaraSvilma, k. kekeliZem, g. akofaSvilma, g. Jor-

daniam da z. gamezardaSvilma dasaxelebul qarTvel mona-

zonSi nikifore dainaxes da misi romSi swavlac 12 wliT

1 1629 w. 27 aprils avgustineli beris ambrozios werilSi naTqva-

mia, rom gvilelmi 20 wlis winaT Camovida saqarTveloSi, kerZod,

gorSi, Semdeg àRmsareblobiTi movaleobis gamo~ ispaanSi gaem-

gzavra. igi roca gorSi brundeboda osmalebisagan miyenebuli

WrilobebiT gardaicvala (TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesiis is-

toria dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 563). 2 kekeliZe k., nikifore irbaxi. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli litera-

turis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1945, gv. 301. 3 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 139. igive mcire gansxvavebiT: èr-

Tma qarTvelma berma, romelmac 12 weli gaatara romSi, keTili

Tesli daTesa am keTil miwaze, romelsac Cven axla vrwyavT da

nayofsac vRebulobT RvTis kurTxeviT~3. tabaRua i., dasax. naSr.,

II, gv. 50. i. tabaRuam iqve sqolioSi dasva kiTxva da upasuxa kidec:

`vin iyo es qarTveli? dRemde araa cnobili. cxadia, igi ar iyo

nikifore irbaxi, rogorc zogierT avtors hgonia~.

209

amitom gansazRvres1. aseTi mosazrebis gamarTlebis damate-

biT safuZvlad maT miiCnies 1629 wels sxva misioneris _

ivanes levan II dadianTan stumrobisas, rom `vaxSams daes-

wro egreTve mama nikoloz qarTveli, romelic romis ber-

Znebis skolaSi iyo namyofi~2. pirveli da meore cnobis er-

TmaneTTan dakavSirebiT, ra Tqma unda, zemoxsenebuli

mkvlevrebis mosazrebis gamarTleba SeiZleba. magram asa-

xavs simarTles amgvari dakavSireba? ueWvelia, rom meore,

patri ivanes mier dasaxelebuli nikoloz qarTveli, niki-

fore ColoyaSvilia. 1639 wels evropidan dabrunebuli ni-

kifore gavliT imyofeba samegreloSi da dadians stumrobs.

magram misi gaigiveba didi xnis winaT samegreloSi moRvawe

lui granJes `qarTvel monozonTan~, ver moxdeba, radgan,

jer erTi, ar Cans monazonma rodis `daTesa keTili Tesli~

da, meorec is, rom saidan viciT, rom nikifore portugali-

el patr gvilielmosTan erTad dabrunda 1608 wels. domini-

kaneli patri gregorio orsini 1626 wels propaganda fide-

Si wardgenil moxsenebaSi wers: èseve gul-mxurvaleba sa-

mociqulo saydrisadmi gavlil wlebSi, ese igi 1613 w. kaxe-

Tis mefe Teimurazma da sxva qarTvelma Tavadebma daumtki-

ces portugalels pativcemul patri gvilelmos wmida ag-

vistines wesisas da katalaniels patri Tadeozs karmeli-

tans, romelic dResac cocxalia~. m. TamaraSvili guliel-

moze SeniSnavs: propagandis erT werilSi naTqvami yofila,

rom gvilelmo saqarTveloSi mosula 1608 wels3. gregorio

orsinis naTqvamidan gamomdinare ki Znelia imis dajereba,

rom gulielmo 1608 wlidan saqarTveloSi iyo.

Cvenamde moRweuli masalebidan Cans, rom nikifore mra-

val enas flobda, romelTa codnas mas miaweren, rogorc

qarTveli, ise ucxoeli Tanamedroveni. arsebuli mosazrebiT,

1 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 142; kekeliZe k., dasax. naSr., gv.

301; akofaSvili g., dasax. naSr., gv. 25. 2 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 146. 3 iqve, gv. 86.

210

igi enebs italiaSi swavlis periodSi daeufla. magram Tu

Tvals gavadevnebT mis mogzaurobas evropaSi, mis urTierTo-

bas saqarTveloSi moRvawe kaTolike misionerebTan da mog-

zaurebTan, ueWvelia, rom man icoda italiuri, romelic Se-

iswavla 1628 wels romSi yofnisas da gamoiyena kidec qar-

Tul-italiuri leqsikonis Sedgenis dros. misi Turqulis

(TaTrulis) codna Cans maSin, rodesac patri jovani julia-

no da lukam (m. TamaraSvilis mixedviT _ ivane) dadianTan

vaxSmobis dros (1629 w. 12 ivlisi) nikifores sTxova, rom mas

TaTrulad elaparaka, radgan qarTulad molaparake nikifo-

res da levan dadianis saubars ver igebda1. Turqul da ita-

liur enebze urTierTobda igi saqarTveloSi moRvawe kaTo-

like misionerebTan2. savaraudoa, nikiforem icoda berZnuli,

Turquli da arabuli, romelTa maRal doneze aTvisebas is

ierusalimSi 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi yofnis dros SesZlebda.

nikifores espaneTSi espanuri enis dauflebis Sansi hqonda.

ase rom simarTles gadmogvcemen ierusalimis jvris monas-

1 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 146; evropidan saqarTveloSi dab-

runebis Semdeg nikifores samegreloSi, kerZod, levan dadianTan

stumrobas uaryofs i. tabaRua da miaCnia, rom patri jovani ju-

liano da lukas (m. TamaraSvilis mixedviT ivane) mier dasaxelebu-

li nikoloz qarTveli ar aris nikifore ColoyaSvili. Llukas

naSromidan mis mier moyvanil citataSi patri lukas da nikifores

Sexvedra daTariRebulia 1630 wlis 12 ivlisiT (tabaRua i., dasax.

naSr., III, gv. 161). m. TamaraSvilis naSromSi luka igive ambavs 1629

wlis 12 ivlisis qveS gvaZlevs. vfiqrob, lukas namdvilad nikifo-

re ColoyaSvili hyavs mxedvelobaSi, romelic evropidan axlad-

dabrunebuli, mcire xniT dadianTan stumrobs da imave 1629 wlis

14 agvistos ukve gorSia. Zlier saeWvoa, rom nikifore 1630 wels

levan II dadianis karze yofiliyo. Tu nikoloz qarTvelSi niki-

fore ColoyaSvils davinaxavT, raSic me eWvi ar mepareba, maSin ni-

kifores da lukas Sexvedra dadianTan vaxSamze unda momxdariyo

1629 wlis 12 ivliss (tabaRua i., dasax. naSre., III, gv. 161). 2 nikifore ColoyaSvilis mier enebis codnasTan dakavSirebiT sa-

intereso mosazreba gamosTqves g. Jordaniam da z. gamezardaSvil-

ma (Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Ук. труд, с. 214-215), romelsac Sem-

dgomSi gavecnobiT.

211

tris diakvani da nikifores TanamoRvawe grigoli (nikifore

mcodne iyo ènisa viTar Svidisadmde~) da TeatinelTa orde-

nis beri samegreloSi juzepe maria Zampi, romelic axlos

icnobda nikifores. misi TqmiT, nikiforem `qarTulisa da

megrulis garda icis mravali ena: berZnuli, Turquli, ara-

buli, rusuli, franguli, espanuri da italiuri~1.

araviTari cnoba ar gagavaCnia imis saTqmelad, TiTqos

mtkicdeba, rom italiidan dabrunebuli nikifore ramdenime

wlis ganmavlobaSi (1608 wlis Semdeg 1614 wlamde ganvlil

periodSi) dasavleT saqarTveloSi moRvaweobda2.

ar gagvaCnia araviTari sabuTi, rom nikifore dasav-

leT saqarTvelodan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gadmovida

da Teimurazis moZRvari gaxda. nikifore ColoyaSvilis ev-

ropaSi gamgzavrebamde periodidan gvaqvs mxolod erTader-

Ti qarTuli cnoba, es aris Sah abas I-is saqarTveloSi Se-

moWris win, Teimuraz I-is da dedofal xoreSanis mier mete-

xis RvTismSoblisaTvis micemuli sigeli, romelSic naTqva-

mia: `SemogwireT ujarmas monasteri sioni da xoraugs quab-

ni... mas Jamsa, odes sasurveli asuli mefisa... daiwera Ãeli-

Ta moZRurisa ColoyaSvilis nikolozisaTa~3. aseTi cnoba

daculia, agreTve, ierusalimSi erT-erTi xelnaweris mina-

werSi: `RmerTo, Seiwyale codvili nikifore qalaqs metexT

winamZRurad yofili da jvaris ieromonaxos. amin. omanis-

Svili ColoyaZe~4. timoTe gabaSvils jvris monastris es

warwera unda hqoneboda mxedvelobaSi, rodesac ambobda,

rom nikifore metexis yofili winamZRvari iyoo.

k. kekeliZis azriT, citirebuli sigelis mixedviT, ni-

kifore Teimurazis karis moZRvari yofila5. Tu gaviTvalis-

winebT oman ColoyaSvilisa da misi ojaxis samefo karTan

siaxloves, nikifores Teimurazis karisa da mefis moZRvro-

1 Jan Sardenis mogzauroba, gv. 141 2 kekeliZe, k., etiudebi, II, gv. 301. 3 qronikebi, II, gv. 440. 4 iqve, gv. 303. 5 kekeliZe, k., etiudebi, I, gv. 301.

212

ba, moulodneli ar unda iyos. nikifore, rom mefis moZRva-

ri da sulieri mama iyo da Teimurazi srul ndobas ucxa-

debda, amas aRniSnavda TviT nikifore espaneTis mefisaTvis

mirTmeul, Teimuraz I-is espanurad Targmnil werilSi (si-

namdvileSi igi sruliad sxva werilia): `vagzavniT Tqvens

didebulebasTan Rirseul mamas don nikifore irbaxis, re-

ligiur pirovnebas, romlis mSoblebi iyvnen erT-erTi Ta-

vadTagani Cemi vasalebidan. am adamianis ostatoba da gul-

modgineba, romliTac igi emsaxureba RmerTisa da gvirgvi-

nis didebis samsaxurs, kidev ufro maRla ayenebs mis Rir-

sebas. didi Tavdadebuloba, romelic msgavsi misiis dros

gamoiCines misma winaprebma, kidev ufro marwmunebs vendo

mas. am mizeziT igi gaxda Cemi moZRvari da sulieri mama.

man icis Cemi uZvirfasesi imedebisa da interesebis Sesaxeb,

rasac igi moaxsenebs Tqvens didebulebas, misTvis damaxasi-

aTebeli gulaxdilobiT. amitom Tqvens didebulebas SeuZ-

lia erwmunos mas yvelaferSi, rasac igi Cemi saxeliT

Tqven mogaxsenebT~1. nikifore, rom TviTon uwodebda Tavis

Tavs mefis sulier mamas, es aRniSnulia madridSi samefo

sabWosadmi wardgenil moxsenebaSi: `rogorc didad pativce-

muli religiuri pirovneba _ don nikifore ambobs, Teimu-

raz mefem misi sulieri mama _ nikifore irbaxi gamogzavna

Tqvens didebulebasTan Tavis samefo werilebiT...~2 nikifo-

res Teimuraz I-is sulier mamad moixseniebs berZeni kon-

stantine sofia _ Tarjimani madridis samefo karze3.

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 154. Teimuraz mefis werilis da mi-

si espanuri Targmanis araidenturobis Sesaxeb vrclad iTqmeva

qvemoT. 2 iqve, gv. 155. 3 iqve, gv. 158. j. vaTeiSvilis mixedviT, nikifore irbaxs konstanti-

ne sofia gaucvnia neapolSi, rodesac Teatineli berebis Suam-

dgomlobiT man kavSiri daamyara adgilobriv kaTolikebTan da

berZen-uniatorebTan. es ukanasknelni imdenad aRfrTovanebulan

qarTuli elCobis evropaSi CasvliT da ierusalimis patriarq Te-

ofanisis sarekomendacio weriliT, rom TavianTi wridan specia-

213

nikifore irbaxis mogzauroba evropaSi (1625-1629 ww.)

ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos ierarqebs da TviT

sakmaod cnobil politikoss patriarq Teofanis III-s, ar Se-

iZleboda ar SeeniSnaT nikifores didad ganswavluloba, mi-

si sxarti goneba da diplomatisaTvis aucilebeli moqnilo-

ba. laTinebTan daZabuli urTierTobisas, qarTveli berisa-

gan sapatriarqo garkveul rCevebsac miiRebda. ueWvelia niki-

fores wvlili patriarq Teofanisis saqarTveloSi mogzau-

robis organizebaSi 1618-1619 wlebSi, patriarqisa da Teimu-

raz mefis daaxloebasa da patriarqis saqarvelodan didad

kmayofilis gastumrebaSi, ierusalimis sapatriarqosaTvis

Teklas monastris gadacemasa da patriarq Teofanisis Teimu-

raz I-is saSinao da sagareo politikiT dainteresebaSi1.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Teimuraz I Tavisi politikuri

da diplomatiuri miznebis ganxorcielebisaTvis intensiu-

rad iyenebda ierusalimSi moRvawe qarTvel da berZen ga-

naTlebul, enebis mcodne sasuliero pirebs. nikifore Co-

loyaSvilamde ruseTSi orjer da erTxel osmaleTSi el-

Cad imyofeboda `golgoTisa da wm. jvris monastris winam-

ZRvari~ Teodose mangleli reviSvili, nikifore ColoyaSvi-

lis Tanamzraxveli da TanamebrZoli ierusalimis jvris

monasterSi2. TeodosesTan erTad moskovSi imyofeboda qar-

Tveli arqimandriti arseni; nikifore berZeni _ ruseTis sa-

lurad gaayoles ganaTlebuli mRvdeli, warmoSobiT berZeni smir-

nidan, berZnuli kolegiis wevri romSi da Teologiis doqtori,

romelic imave dros espanelTa samsaxurSi imyofeboda _ konstan-

tine sofia (Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, 249). 1 mamisTvaliSvili e., ierusalimis patriarqi Teofanis III da sa-

qarTvelo. goris saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi. istoriis se-

ria, II, Tb., 2002, gv. 13-21; misive, saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTier-

Tobis istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.) Tb., 2008, gv. 46-54. 2 Teodose reviSvilze vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes

kvarTis istoria, gv. 48-66.

214

kiTxebSi didad gawafuli, aseve ierusalimSi moRvaweobda

nikifore irbaxi.

sainteresoa gairkves, saidan (saqarTvelodan Tu ieru-

salimidan) gaemgzavra nikifore evropaSi. g. akofaSvilma

amasTan dakavSirebiT gamosTqva ori varaudi: `safiqrebelia,

rom nikoloz ColoyaSvili 1626 wlis noembris damlevs wa-

movida saqarTvelodan. magram SesaZlebnelia isic, rom niko-

lozma, romelic, rogorc viciT, 1626 wlamde imyofeboda ie-

rusalimis jvris monasterSi, miiRo Teimurazis werili da

davaleba gamgzavrebuliyo romSi da romis papsa da evropis

sxva saxelmwifoTa mesveurebs swveoda`1. am ori varaudidan

g. Jordaniam gaiziara meore da Tavis mxriv daumata, rom Te-

imurazs irbaxi ierusalimidan saqarTveloSi ar daubarebia

da mefem werilebis nimuSebi ierusalimSi gadaugzavna. am mo-

sazrebas igi amagrebs don pietro avitabiles erT-erT we-

rilSi naTqvamiTac, rom nikifore irbaxma papisaTvis gadasa-

cemi werili ierusalimSi dawera2. nikifores mier papisaTvis

gamiznuli werilis wminda qalaqSi dawera, vfiqrob, ar niS-

navs imas, rom Teimuraz mefem 12 wlis winaT saqarTvelodan

wasuli nikifore TavisTan ar daibara, piradad erTi-erTze,

ar gaando Tavisi gulis nadebi da yvelaferi werils mian-

do, romlis mtris xelSi Cavardna gamoricxuli ar iyo. ni-

kifores, gansakuTrebiT sapasuxismgeblo misiis warmatebiT

Sesasruleblad, samSoblodan didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mow-

yvetils, aucileblad adgilze unda Seeswavla, garkveuliyo

ara mxolod qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sagareo politikis pri-

oritetebSi, aramed qarTuli saxelmwifoebis urTierTobeb-

Sic. saqarTveloSi misi ar yofnis 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi

ramdeni ram Seicvala da ramden rames sWirdeboda Rrmad

Seswavla. amitom saqarTveloSi Camosvla mniSvnelovani iyo

nikiforesaTvis da misi diplomatiuri misiis warmatebisaT-

vis. nikifores amgvarad moqmedebis gonivruloba CvenTvisac

1 akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati..., gv. 36. 2 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 58

215

gasagebi gaxdeba Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom nikifores

ar SeeZlo werilobiT, muxlobrivad Camoyalibebuli daw-

vrilebiTi davalebebi waeRo da daniSnulebis adgilze amiT

exelmZRvanela, risi SesaZleblobac Zlieri saxelmwifoebis

elCebs hqondaT. nikifore, TiTqmis mTlianad Tavis codnas,

moxerxebulobas da alRos unda dayrdnoboda. amgvarad, ni-

kifores ierusalimidan saqarTverloSi Camosvla misi, ro-

gorc diplomatis, interesebSic Sedioda.

nikifores saqarTvelodan espaneTSi ierusalimze gav-

liT mgzavroba mraval sxva mizezTan erTad, imis gamoc

sWirdeboda, rom swored saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis am qa-

laqSi SeiZleboda misTvis saintereso informaciis mopoveba

evropis yvela saxelmwifos da, maT Soris, espaneTisa da va-

tikanis sagareo da saSinao politikis Sesaxebac.

nikiforem ierusalimis patriarq Teofanis III-s sareko-

mendacio werili daawerina Tu, ukanasknelma, Tavisi inicia-

tiviT dauwera, amas principuli mniSvneloba ara aqvs. niki-

foresTvis orive varianti xelmisawvdomi iyo. Teofanisi pi-

radad icnobda Teimuraz mefes da garkveuli warmodgenac

hqonda mis sagareo politikur interesebze. patriarqs gamor-

Ceulad axlo urTierToba hqonda da, SeiZleba iTqvas, Tavis

Tanamoazred miaCnda nikifore, maSasadame, qarTveli diplo-

matisaTvis ierusalimis patriarqis sarekomendacio werilis

mopoveba problemas ar warmoadgenda.

Teofanisi qarTvel diplomats rekomendacias uwevda

espaneTis mefis winaSe da imave dros filipe IV-s sTxova

rom Teimuraz mefisaTvis daxmareba aRmoeCina iranis wina-

aRmdeg brZolaSi1. Teofanisma nikifores Tan gaayola ber-

Zeni arqidiakoni aTanasio. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT XVII sauku-

nis pirvel naxevarSi marTlmadideblur da kaTolikur ek-

lesiebs Soris dapirispirebis maRal dones, maSin dgeba

kiTxva: ramdenad swori da gonivruli iyo Teimuraz mefis

am diplomatiur wamowyebaSi ierusalimis patriarqis Cabma,

1 dokumentebi, gv. 419.

216

qarTl-kaxeTis politikuri amocanebis gadasawyvetad? es

calke msjelobis sagania.

safiqrebelia, Teimuraz I-ma nikifore ColoyaSvili ie-

rusalimidan gamoiZaxa, romis papisaTvis da espaneTis mefi-

saTvis gankuTvnili werilebi Caabara, sityvieradac gaando

maTTan urTierTobis damyarebis principebi da ndobis sige-

lic gadasca. amis Semdeg nikifore wminda qalaqSi dabrunda,

moelaparaka ierusalimis patriarqsa da evropis sakiTxebSi

garkveul sxva sando adamianebs. man espaneTis mefe filipe IV-

sTan waiRo patriarqis sarekomendacio werili, romelSic

naTqvami iyo: `...uwyode, uZliereso mefeo, rom Seni samefo

yvelgan saxelganTqmuli da Zlieria qristianTa Soris da ra-

meTu Seiyvara xalxTa RvTismosaoba da Tavisufleba; amitom

iberTa mefem Teimuraz xanma gamogzavna, amJamad aq myofi, es mRvdel-monazoni (nikifore irbaxi), romelsac aqvs misgan Tqveni udidebulesobisadmi gagzavnili werilebi, gTxovs ra daxmarebas, radganac igi sparselisagan mravalmxriv Seviwro-

vebulia. amitom iTxovs, rom daexmaro mas (ramdenadac igic

keTili da RvTismosavi qristiania), an sparselisaTvis SiSis

momgvreli sityvebiT, an ZaliT orzrumis mxridan... vevedreebi

Sens xelmwifobas ar ugulebelhyo es Txovna...~1.

nikiforem sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli waiyvana da

espaneTis gzas daadga.

nikiforem rom saqarTvelodan waiRo Teimurazis weri-

lebi, romlebic daTariRebulia 1625 wlis 20 noembriT, xo-

lo patriarq Teofanisis sarekomendacio werili ki 1626

wlis 1 seqtembriT, maCvenebelia imisa, rom nikifores mog-

zauroba evropisaken daiwyo 1625 wlis dasasruls Semdegi marSrutiT: ierusalimi-saqarTvelo-ierusalimi-sicilia (me-sina) da madridi.

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 149. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom pat-

riarqis am werilis espanur TargmanSi irani Secvlilia Turqe-

TiT. iqve, gv. 150; luis xili fernandesi, ilia tabaRua, dasax.

naSr., gv. 419, dok. #58.

217

arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebic: nikifore weri-

lebisaTvis saqarTveloSi ki ar Camovida, aramed werili –

nimuSebi gadugzavnes ierusalimSi1; nikifore ierusalimidan

jer qarTlSi Camovida, da aqedan pirdapir siciliisken, ie-

rusalimis gverdis avliT, gaemgzavra2. espaneli mkvlevre-

bis mixedviT ki nikifore ierusalimidan saqarTveloSi ki

ar movida, aramed, saqarTvelodan daiwyo misi mogzauroba

ierusalimze gavliT, radgan es iyo `yvelaze mokle gza

xmelTaSua zRvisaken`3. maT, rogorc Cans, ar icodnen da

amitom naxsenebic ki ar aqvT, rom nikifore evropaSi was-

vlamde didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ierusalimSi cxovrobda.

saqarTvelodan ierusalimisaken irbaxis mogazaurobis

sruliad gansxvavebuli marSruti, yovelgvari sabuTis ga-

reSe, SemogvTavaza j. vaTeiSvilma. misi varaudiT, nikifore

momlocvelis saxiT ierusalims gaemgzavra SemovliTi

gziT _ iranisa da baRdadis gavliT, raTa Sah abas I-is wi-

naaRmdeg SeTqmul Teimuraz mefesa da imamyuli-xan undila-

Zes Soris `mokavSiris~ roli Seesrulebina. `momlocavs~

savsebiT SeeZlo yofiliyo SirazSi, Sexvedroda imamyuli-

xans, misTvis gadaeca raime gzavnili an informacia`4.

vfiqrob, Sah abasis dros, qarTveli `piligrimis` mi-

er wminda adgilebSi wasvla,Tundac mxolod mosalocad,

iransa da baRdadze gavliT, uaRresad saxifaTo da praqti-

kulad SeuZlebeli iyo, miT umetes piligrimad SeniRbuli

diplomatisaTvis. im dros sayovelTaod cnobili iyo sa-

qarTvelo-ierusalims Soris mimosvlis istoriuli gzebi5.

1 akofaSvili g., dasax. naSr., gv. 36-37; Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 52. 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 142. 3 luis xili fernandesi da xose manuel floristani, dasax. naSr.,

gv. 205. 4 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 274. 5 ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos da palestinis damakavSire-

beli gzebi. goris universitetis samecniero Sromebis krebuli,

#3, gori, 2007, gv. 51-54.

218

nikifore, rom namdvilad saqarTvelodan pirdapir ie-rusalimSi gaemgzavra, amaze miuTiTebs ierusalimis patri-arqis Teofanisis berZnul enaze dawerili da nikifores mi-

er espaneTis mefesTan waRebuli werili. masSi vkiTxulobT:

`...imerTa1 mefem Teimuraz xanma gamoagzavna, amJamad aq (ie-

rusalimSi _ e.m.) myofi, es mRvdel-monazoni (nikifore irba-

xi), romelsac aqvs misgan Tqveni udidebulesobisadmi ga-

mogzavnili werilebi, gTxovs ra daxmarebas, radgan igi

sparselebisagan mravalmxriv Seviwrovebulia`2. patriarqis

imave epistolidan Cans, rom werilis Sinaarsi SeTanxmebu-

li iyo nikifore irbaxTan. rogorc Teimurazis werilis

`TargmanSi`, ise patriarqis werilSi laparakia espaneTis

mefisaTvis bizantiis saimperatoro taxtis SeTavazebaze,

mRvdel-monazoni nikifores magier espaneTSi elCad saero

piris gaugzavnelobis mizezze.

iseTi aqtiuri pirovnebisaTvis, rogoric Teimuraz mefe

iyo, aranakleb aqtiuri da ganaTlebuli nikifores samefo ka-

ris siaxloves yola didad sasurveli da aucilebeli iqnebo-

da. Znelia Tqma, romel wlebSi iyo nikifore karis moZRvrad.

safiqrebelia, rom wminda miwaze gamgzavrebamde moZRvar niki-

foresa da mefes Soris axlo da Tbili urTierToba arsebob-

da da SeiZleba am dros nikifore ukve metexis winamZRvaric

iyo. jerjerobiT gaurkveveli mizeziT (Sevecdebi qvemoT ga-

irkves) nikiforem miatova mefe Teimurazi da ierusalimSi wa-

vida. rodesac mefes nikifore dasWirda, igi ierusalimis

jvris monastridan wamoiyvana, dasavleT evropis qveynebSi

iranis winaaRmdeg mokavSireebis mopoveba daavala da Tavisi

yofili moZRvari am umZimesi problemis mosagvareblad evro-

paSi gaistumra.

1 epistoles qarTul TargmanSi koreqturuli Secdomaa. berZnul

dedansa da mis espanur TargmanSi aris ìberia~. 2 luis xili fernandesi, ilia tabaRua, dasax. naSr., gv. 258-259, 419,

dok. #58-59.

219

* * *

m. TamaraSvili, im misionerebis cnobebze dayrdnobiT,

romlebic mesinaSi Sexvdnen espaneTisaken mimaval nikifore-

sa da mis Tanamgzavrebs1, aRniSnavs, rom nikifores àxlda

Tan ori Tavisi wesis monazoni (cxadia, qarTvelebi) da er-

Tic moene~2. nikifore ColoyaSvilis elCobis Semadgenlo-

baSi Semavali adamianebis funqcionalur datvirTvas, Tu

vin iyvnen da ra evalebodaT maT, pirvelad yuradReba miaq-

cia g. Jordaniam. misi azriT, elCobis wevrTa Soris erTi

aucileblad is berZeni diakvani unda iyos, romelic ieru-

salimis patriarqma Teofanis III-m nikifores gaayola. meore

beri da Tarjimanic imave patriarqma gaayola da isinic

berZnebi iyvnen. radgan nikiforem laTinuri ar icoda, ami-

tom Tarjimani laTinuri enis mcodne unda yofiliyo, rome-

lic laTinuridan berZnulad da berZnulidan laTinurad

gadaTargmnida. àmgvar Tarjimans ki nikifore qarTvelTa

Soris ver moZebnida ara mxolod Teimurazis samefoSi _

qarTlsa da kaxeTSi, aramed ierusalimSi mcxovrebTa Sori-

sac~. berZnebSi ufrosi iyo ierusalimis eklesiis arqidia-

koni aTanasiosi3.

g. Jordaniasa mier nikifores TanamgzavrebTan dakavSi-

rebiT gamoTqmuli mosazrebaze unda iTqvas Semdegi: SeiZ-

leba maSindel saqarTveloSi marTlac ar iyvnen laTinuri

enis mcodne qarTvelebi, magram ierusalimSi aucileblad

iqnebodnen. am enis codnis aucileblobas, iqauri qarTvele-

bis winaSe, yoveldRiuri cxovreba ayenebda. XVII saukunis

pirvel naxevarSi ganaTlebuli evropeli sasuliero pire-

bisaTvis laTinuri jer kidev saurTierTobo enas warmoad-

genda. wminda miwaze qarTvelebi sistematiurad urTier-

1 j. vaTeiSvilis mier mopovebuli cnobebiT nikifores da misione-

rebis Sexvedra moxda neapolSi. Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 249. 2 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 92. 3 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 63

220

Tobdnen laTin samRvdeloebasTan, xSirad kamaTobdnen Ta-vianTi eklesiis interesebis dasacavad. qarTvelebsa da la-Tinebs zogjer erT taZarSi, erT samlocveloSi, erTmane-Tis gverdisgverd uxdebodaT TavianTi religiuli ritua-lis Sesruleba1. amgvarad, rogorc ierusalimel berZnebs esaWiroebodaT laTinuri enis codna, igi aseve saWiro iyo qarTvelebisTvisac. maSasadame, laTinuri enis codnis mi-xedviT Tarjimnis erovnebis dadgena ver moxerxdeba. igi, SeiZleba, ierusalimeli qarTveli iyo.

yvelaferi zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, mainc eWvis qveS

dgeba nikifore irbaxis TanamgzavrTa raodenoba da vinaoba.

eWvis gamomwvevi mizezebi ki uaRresad sayuradReboa.

1628 wlis ianvris bolos nikifore romSi Cavida. qar-

Tvel elCs romSi sakmaod civad Sexvdnen. amis mizezi sxva-

dasxva iyo. jer erTi, nikifore papTan unda waredgina espa-

neTis elCs graf de oniates (aseTi davaleba hqonda mas fi-

lipe IV-isagan), magram ver waradgina papTan daZabuli ur-

TierTobis gamo da nikifore mxolod saelCos mdivanma wa-

radgina. audienciis dros nikiforesadmi gulgrili mopyro-

bis mizezi pietro dela vales Semdegnairad ganumartes:

`ramdenadac batoni nikifore iyo marto, Tanmxlebi pirebis

gareSe da amasTanave, romSi Camovida inkognitod, amitom

CaTvales aramizanSewonilad misi yofna romSi didi pati-

viT SeemosaT~2.

pietro dela vales naTqvami eWvis qveS ayenebs, yvela-

fer imas, rac cnobilia nikifore irbaxis Tanamgzavrebis

da, saerTod, elCobis Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb. rogor gavi-

goT nikifores romSi marto Casvla? zemoT aRiniSna, rom

mas ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos warmomadgenlis

garda, Tan axlda ori monazoni da erTic Tarjimani3. ra

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis isto-

riidan, Tb., 2008, gv. 30-31. 2 tabaRua, dasax. naSr., II, gv. 184-185. 3 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 92.

221

daemarTaT nikifores Tanamgzavrebs? ratom miatoves igi?

dReisaTvis cnobili wyaroebi ar iZleva saSualebas pasuxi

gaeces dasmul kiTxvebs. imis dadgenac ar xerxdeba isini

espaneTSi mainc Tu iyvnen nikiforesTan erTad. is rac piet-

ro dela vales uTxres qarTveli elCis romSi marto mis-

vlis Sesaxeb, rom simarTles Seefereboda, Cans nikifores

1628 wlis 3 agvistos werilidan. igi paps, samSobloSi gaS-

vebasTan erTad, sTxovs: `Tqveno unetareso uwmindesobav,

sxva mowyalebaTa Soris, romlebzedac Tqven (CemTvis_e.m.)

sTxovdiT neapolis vice-mefes, gTxovT damdoT pativi da

TxovoT mas, rogorc Tavisi vasalis patronma, Seiwyalos

sevasto, romelic monobaSia Cavardnili neapolSi. CemTvis

igi aucilebelia am mogzaurobaSi, vinaidan igi aris gamoc-

dili da keTili adamiani. amJamad igi moxucia da Raribi,

magram me igi swored aseTi mWirdeba. Tu mas Seiwyaleben,

maSin am mowyalebiT mas CemTan miviReb, rogorc CemTvis

did pativs, ramdenadac sxva aravin myavs~1. rogorc svarau-

doa, nikifores sevasto ar dauTmes, samagierod wm. kongre-

gacia fidem mas sxva gamyoli, vinme jakomo berZeni gaayo-

la, romelmac gzaSi didi usiamovneba SeamTxvia2. nikifo-

resTan varSavaSi jakomo aRar Cans. am qalaqSi mas emsaxu-

reboda ori adgilobrivi _ somexi da gaqristianebuli eb-

raeli, romlebic man Tan waiyvana3, magram sad daSordnen,

amis cnoba ar gagvaCnia. jakomo nikiforesTan erTad yofi-

la moldaveTsa da konstantinopolSi. magram igi Tavis msa-

xurad asaxelebs Zma diakon marmatoris, romelmac aseve di-

di usiamovneba miayena konstantinopolSi. nikifore, wm. kon-

gregacia de propaganda fides mdivans franCesko ingolis,

acnobebda: `Tqvenma Rirsebam icodes, rom berZenma jakomom,

1 tabaRua, dasax. naSr., II, gv. 244-245.

2 TarxniSvili m., Teatineli mociqulebi saqarTveloSi. saqarTve-

los urTierToba evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan, IV-V, Tb., 1999,

gv. 370.

3 iqve, gv. 371.

222

romelic wminda kongregaciam Tanamgzavrad momca, gzaSi

didi wyena momayena, rogorc moldaveTSi, ise konstantino-

polSi. igive Caidina konstantinopolSi qristesmierma Zmam

diakvanma marmatorim~1.

zemoT rom nikifores Tanamgzavrebi davasaxeleT, maT

Sesaxeb m. TamaraSvils `TeaTineli wesis istorikosebis~

TxzulebebSi amoukiTxavs2, magram ar uTiTebs, kerZod, ro-

meli Teatineli istorikosi hyavs mxedvelobaSi. amitom iyo,

rom i. tabaRua eWvis qveS ayenebda nikiforesTan erTad ori

basilianeli beris yofnas. q. mesinaSi Casul nikifores ax-

lda mxolod erTi beri, ierusalimis patriarqis mier gayo-

lebuli diakoni aTanasiosi3.

Zlier sainteresoa gairkves, Teimuraz mefis mier niki-

fores elCobis amgvarad mwiri SemadgenlobiT dasavleT ev-

ropaSi gagzavnis mizezi Tu mizezebi. Cveulebriv, elCobis

wevrTa mravalricxovnebisaTvis sxvadasxva piroba arsebob-

da: pirvel rigSi, elCobis gamgzavnis ekonomikuri da finan-

suri SesaZlebloba. Teimurazis mier sxvadasxva dros gag-

zavnili elCobebis Semadgenlobas Tu gadavxedavT (ra Tqma

unda, romlebzec cnobebi gagvaCnia), naTeli gaxdeba, rom

misi devnilobis xanaSic ki, elCebis Tanamgzavrebi, msaxu-

rebs Tu ar CavTvliT, ufro metni iyvnen xolme. nikifore

rodesac evropaSi miemgzavreba, Teimurazis SesaZleblobebi

ganuzomlad meti iyo. igi, marTalia, Zlier dasustebuli,

magram mainc qarTl-kaxeTis mefes warmoadgenda.

imis garda, rom elCobis wevrTa mravalricxovaneba me-

fis siZlieris maCvenebeli iyo, is mniSvnelobac hqonda,

rom elCobis wevrebi erTmaneTs zRudavdnen, Tvalyurs

adevnebdnen da mefis mier micemuli davalebis sworad Ses-

rulebas akontrolebdnen. mTavari elCis gverdiT SeiZle-

boda yofiliyo meore elCi, mdivani da a.S. sxvaTa Soris,

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 413. 2 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 92.

3 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 141.

223

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom nikifore irbaxis mier, Tavisi dava-

lebis Sesrulebis dros daSvebuli Secdomebi, imiTic iyo

gamowveuli, rom igi marto, qarTveli kolegis an TanaSem-

wis mxardaWerisa da meTvalyureobis gareSe, misTvis ucno-

bi mentalobis adamianebis garemocvaSi moqmedebda.

nikifore irbaxis evropaSi marto, msaxuris gareSec

ki, gaSveba, SeiZleba aixsnas elCobis gasaidumloebiT. ro-

gorc SemdgomSi mravaljer aRiniSneba, Teimurazis elCi es-

paneTsa da italiaSi yoveli molaparakebis dros iTxovda,

rom misi iq yofna saidumlod SeenaxaT. qarTvelma politi-

kosebma Zalian kargad icodnen, rom saqarTvelos arc erTi

mezobeli maT ar mouwonebda dasavleT evropaSi mokavSiris

Ziebas, vis winaaRmdegac ar unda yofiliyo igi mimarTuli.

* * *

qarTveli politikosebis azriT, espaneTi iranis wina-

aRmdeg brZoliT da aRmosavleTSi mokavSiris mopovebiT

dainteresebuli unda yofiliyo, igi mis daqvemdabarebaSi

myofi portugaliisaTvis iranis mier warTmeuli (1622 w.)

kunZul ormuzis dabrunebas cdilobda. es ki sxva mizezeb-

Tan erTad1, Teimuraz I-s espaneTTan antisparsuli koalici-

is Seqmnis imeds usaxavda.

zemoT aRiniSna, rom k. ormuzis dapyrobiT, Sah abas I-

s osmaleTis teritoriaze gavliT aRmosavleTis qveynebisa

da xmelTaSua zRvispireTis damakavSirebeli gzebis gada-

ketva anEdasusteba undoda, ris Sedegadac osmaleTis sa-

xelmwifos ekonomikur dasustebasac miaRwevda. amasTan er-

Tad, igi fiqrobda axali savaWro gzis gaWras CrdiloeTis

mimarTulebiT, kerZod, ruseTze gavliT, rac dasavleT ev-

ropis mTeli rigi saxelmwifoebis (inglisi, safrangeTi, ni-

1 dawvr. ix. vaTeiSvili j., nikifore irbaxis kvaldakval. gaz. `ko-

munisti~, #175, 177, 178, 1983; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 148-155.

224

derlandebi) interesebSi Sedioda, magram saeWvoa, rom am

axali gziT dainteresebuliyo pireneis naxevarkunZulis sa-

xelmwifoebi, romlebic aRmosavleTTan vaWrobaSi upirate-

sobas mxolod samxreTis savaWro gzebs aZlevdnen.

amgvarad, Teimuraz I-isa da misi politikuri TanamoR-

vaweebis gagebiT, iransa da espaneTs Soris seriozuli wi-

naaRmdegoba arsebobda, rogorc strategiuli (Sah abasis

mier espaneTis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi portugaliisaTvis

ormuzis warTmeva) da ekonomikuri (espaneTis savaWro inte-

resebis Selaxva _ savaWro-satranzito gzis CrdiloeTisken

gadatanis mcdeloba). magram qarTvel politikosebs mxedve-

lobidan gamorCaT is garemoeba, rom, rogorc mravaljer

iTqva, espaneTis mTavroba didad afasebda irans rogorc

ekonomikuri, ise politikuri TvalsazrisiT da angariSsac

uwevda mis interesebs. misTvis iranTan normaluri urTier-

Tobis SenarCuneba ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre portuga-

lielebis ormuzis gamo axlo aRmosavleTis mdidar qveya-

nasTan _ iranTan dapirispireba, romelic SeiZleboda osma-

leTTan omis SemTxvevaSi mokavSirec yofiliyo. Sah abas I

rom osmaleTis winaaRmdeg mokavSireebs qristianul evropa-

Si eZebda, espaneTis samefo karisaTvisaTvis didi xania

cnobili iyo da amaze zemoTac sakmaod iTqva.

espaneT-portugaliis aRmosavleTSi vaWrobidan, kargi

geografiuli mdebareobis mqone da mdidari iranis gamo-

TiSva, SeuZlebeli iyo. espaneTi am qveynebisaTvis bunebriv

strategiul mokavSiredac gamodioda, imdenad ramdenadac

iranis mudmivi brZola osmaleTis winaaRmdeg mdgomareobas

umsubuqebda imave osmaleTTan mebrZol habsburgebis saxel-

mwifos, romlis mmarTveli dinastia espaneli habsburgebis

naTesavi iyo. amas garda espaneTi TviTonac dainteresebuli

iyo osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZoliT. ufro metic, igi xel-

mZRvanelobda prohabsburgul koalicias, romelSic Sedio-

da TviT espaneTi, avstria da reC pospolita. dasaxelebuli

koalicia am dros ukve ebrZoda osmaleTs. es is periodia,

rodesac aRniSnuli koaliciis mowinaaRmdegeni safrange-

Tis meTaurobiT da uSualod safrangeTi dainteresebulia,

225

aRmosavleTSi osmaleTs ar hyavdes dapirispirebuli Zala,

raTa igi Tavisuflad iyenebdes Tavis SeiaraRebul Zalebs

espaneTis da misi mokavSireebis winaaRmdeg1.

Sah abasi evropeli vaWrebis iranSi misazidad, uboZeb-

da maT privilegiebs, uflebas aZlevda Tavisuflad aResru-

lebinaT TavianTi religiuri wesebi, aZlevda pirovnebisa

da qonebis xelSeuxeblobis garantias, ingliselebs, fran-

gebs da holandielebs uflebas aZlevda daearsebinaT Tavi-

anTi savaWro faqtoriebi bender-abasSi2.

amgvarad, evropelebisaTvis sruliad naTeli iyo Sah

abas I-is droindeli iranis mniSvneloba maSindeli msofli-

os ekonomikur da politikur cxovrebaSi. zemoT ukve iTqva,

rom espaneTis mTavrobam jer kidev 1604 wels iranSi gag-

zavna elCoba, romelsac portugalieli diplomati luiS

pereira de laserda meTaurobda.

zogierTi mkvlevari nikifores romze win espaneTSi

wasvlas seriozul Secdomad uTvlis da miaCnia, rom qarT-

veli elCi jer roms unda swveoda da misi misia ukeTesi

SedegiT dasruldeboda: `nikifore irbaxi jer romSi rom

Casuliyo, xolo Semdeg, papis sarekomendacio weriliT aR-

Wurvili, madridSi, albaT saqme sul sxvanairad warimarTe-

boda. am dros papis gankargulebiT saqarTveloSi gagzavni-

li Teatineli misionerebi ukve saqarTvelos uaxlovdebod-

nen da papi, cxadia, kargad miiRebda saqarTvelos mefis

elCs da kargi sarekomendacio weriliT gaistumrebda mad-

ridisaken. magram axla Teimurazis elCma TiTqos gverdi au-

ara mis uwmindesobas da ugulebelyo pirveli mRvdelmTav-

ris xelisufleba kaTolikur samyaroSi~3.

1 vrclad ix. Жордания Г., Очерки из истории франко-русских отношений, ч. II, Тб., 1959, с. 105-112. 2 Malcolm J., Histoire de la Perse, II, Paris, 1821, p. 317-319, 331-332. 3 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, II,

gv.. 165.

226

rogorc Cans, nikifore irbaxma TviTneburad Scvala

espaneTisaken marSruti da igi jer paps ar ewvia. Teimuraz

mefe nikiforesaTvis micemul weril-proeqtSi (aseTebad mi-

aCnda Teimurazis werilebi g. Jordanias) pirdapir uTiTeb-

da, rom elCi jer romSi misuliyo, papisaTvis gaecno qar-

Tvelebis gegma iranis winaaRmdeg espaneTis mokavSireobis

Sesaxeb da misTvisac eTxova, miewera werili espaneTis me-

fisaTvis, raTa mas mxari daeWira Teimuiraz I-is gegmisaT-

vis. magram, rogorc iTqva, nikiforem, albaT, dasavleTSi

arsebul situaciaze dakvirvebiT Secvala Tavisi mefis

brZaneba1.

fiqroben, rom radgan madridis karze papis azrs anga-

riSs uwevdnen, amitom qarTvel diplomatebs unda scodno-

daT rogor pozicias daikavebda papis kuria antiiranuli

koaliciis Seqmnis ideisadmi. amis gareSe espaneTi Teimuraz

I-s ar daexmareboda.

zogierTi wyaros miniSnebebs Tu vendobiT, im azramde

mivalT, rom nikifores espaneTSi gamgzavreba mesinaSi urCi-

es. mesinaSi nikifores Teatinelma berebma umaspinZles, amis

Semdeg, albaT, imave berebis rCeviT igi gadavida neapolSi,

isev imave ordenis berebTan. nikifore neapolSi Sexvda es-

paneTis mefis vikariuss antonio alvaress da neapolis vi-

ce mefes hercog albas. amis Semdeg nikifore miemgzavreba

espaneTSi2. Cemi eWvi usafuZvlo ar aris. nikifores espaneT-

Si wasvlis gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi didi roli espaneleb-

ma Seasrules. maSin ratom iyo, rom espanelma diplomatebma

da nikifores papis Suamdgomloba mosTxoves da is romSi

gagzavnes? vfiqrob amiTi qarTvelTa elCobis espaneTis in-

teresebisaTvis gamoyeneba scades da diplomatiuri TamaSi

wamoiwyes. zogierTma espanelma politikosma nikifores

romze win madridSi misvla kaTolikur samyaroSi garkveu-

li subordinaciis darRvevad gamoacxada. maTi TqmiT, qar-

1 TarxniSvili m., werilebi, 220. 2 TarxniSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 365.

227

Tvel mefes jer romis papisagan unda mieRo Tanxmoba espa-

neTis mefesTan molaparakebaze da mere miemarTa misTvis, es

azri pirvelad gamosTqva espaneTis mefis kariskacma don

avgustin mesiam, romlis azrs daeTanxmnen markiz de mon-

tesklarosi, grafi hercogi de san lukari da `sulieri ma-

ma~. rogorc isini acxadebdnen, espaneTis mefisaTvis gansa-

kuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda papis azrs1.

espaneTis kariskacebi, rodesac nikifores mimarT am-

gvar pretenzias ayenebdnen, vfiqrob, maT seriozuli dip-

lomatiuri Canafiqri hqondaT. amiT papis provocireba sur-

daT. papi am dros kardinal riSelies mier Seqmnil saf-

rangeTis, veneciis da holandiis antiespanur koaliciaSi

imyofeboda da Tu is espanelTa aRmosavlur politikas

mxars aubamda, maSin koalicia daSlis saSiSroebis winaSe

aRmoCndeboda. aseT viTarebaSi paps ra Tqma unda, ar SeeZ-

lo TeimurazisaTvis eSuamdgomla espaneTis mefis winaSe

da arc uSuamdgomla. maSasadame nikifore irbaxi jer ro-

mis papTan rom misuliyo, is mainc igive SedegiT daasru-

lebda Tavis diplomatiur mogzaurobas.

Yyovelive zemonaTqvamis Semdeg, marTebuli iqneba ga-

vixsenoT qarTlis mefe konstantine II-is mier espaneTsa da

romSi gagzavnili elCi xucesi niloc rom jer espaneTis me-

fes ewvia, Semdeg ki romis paps. Nnikifores irbaxs, ra Tqma

unda, ecodineboda xucesi nilos ganvlili gza da TviTo-

nac, garkveuli politikuri mosazrebiT igive gaimeora.

nikifore irbaxi madridSi

TeimurazisTvis gansakuTrebiT miuRebeli unda yofi-

liyo misi saxeliT daweril werilebSi antiosmaluri koa-

liciis Seqmnis moTxovna. 1625 wlis bolos, maSin, rodesac

nikifore evropaSi gaemgzavra, Teimurazs jer isev kargi

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 160.

228

urTierToba hqonda osmaleTis sulTanTan da iranis wina-

aRmdeg mis mokavSiredac miaCnda Tavi. nikifores antiosma-

luri diplomatiuri aqcia Teimurazs sagareo politikaSi

damatebiT problemas uqmnida. unda SevniSno, rom arc Tei-

murazis qarTul da arc ierusalimis patriarqis berZnul

werilebSi, osmaleTi naxsenebi ar aris. qarTul dedanSi

vkiTxulobT: `...movaxsenoT Cuen usjulo igi persi Sahabas

virkinebiT brZoliTa sasikudinoTa, romlisa Rone da wama-

li ara ra ars, Tvinier maxvilisa aRlesulisa da ZaliTa

qristes juarisaTa da meoxebiTa ubiwod mSoblisa misisaTa

ara ZalvscemT lxinebad da arca vikadrebT monebad, aramed

magTda movswerT, raTa samonod gyunen magaTda da egeni (es-

panelebi _e.m.) moetivnen sparsTa da aqaT Cuen uyoT devna

Zlieri da aRvxocoT igi pirisagan queyanisa yovlad uR-

mrTo igi (Sahi _e.m.) saZageli... Cuen yovelni Zmani varT da

erT ars RmerTi Cueni. saqmisa amis cnobiTa da sityuisa

amis aRmokiTxvaTa vkadreT (espaneTis mefes _e.m.) Zmad wode-

ba da monagebTa sesxeba. awe ukeTu jer uCndes xelmwifeba-

sa magaTsa da anu Tavni Cuenni undoden, es Cueni guliTadi

mRrdel-monazoni nikifore gviaxlebia da Cueni saqme da gu-

lis pasuxi amisis piriT moguixsenebia. Cueni sarwmuno da

misando kaci es aris da (espaneTis mefem _e.m.) warmoiguiv-

linos erTi magaTi misando da sayuareli kaci da saxmari,

raTa Sebma uyoT mterTa qristesTa Zlierad da magaT (espa-

nelebs _e.m.) saTno veyuneT morCilebad magaT da sjobso

saxeli keTili mosaxveWelsa _ ityuis werili...~1

amgvarad, Teimuraz mefis werilSi iranis winaaRmdeg

Sewevnis moTxovnaa: ùsjulo igi persi Sahabas virkinebiT

brZoliTa sasikudinoTa... egeni moetivnen sparsTa da aqaT

Cven uyoT devna Zlieri da aRvxocoT igi pirisagan queynisa

yovlad uRmrTo igi saZageli~. igive Txovna gaismis ierusa-

limis patriarqis Teofanisis werilSi filipe IV-isadmi:

1 luis xili fernandesi, ilia tabaRua, dokumentebi saqarTvelos

istoriisaTvis, gv. 412-413, dok. #56.

229

`gTxovs ra (Teimuraz _e.m.) daxmarebas, radgan igi sparseli-

sagan mravalmxriv Seviwroebulia~1. qarTveli mefis saTxova-

ri mxolod iranis winaaRmdeg daxmarebaa.

rodesac mkvlevrebs undaT, rom Teimurazis mier evropa-

Si gagzavnili elCobis umTavres miznad antiosmaluri koali-

ciis Seqmna warmoaCinon, mgonia es aris qarTl-kaxeTisa da

dasaვleT evropis interesebis erTmaneTze meqanikurad mibmis

mcdeloba. es aris Teimuraz mefis mTeli politikuri da dip-

lomatiuri moRvaweobis arasworad gaazreba. Teimurazma Tavi-

si samxedro-politikuri saqmianoba iranis winaaRmdeg brZo-

las Sealia. ZiriTadad am mizanma ganapiroba misi urTierTo-

ba osmaleTTan, dasavleT evrpasTan, romTan, ruseTTan da

Crdilo kavkasiis samTavroebTan.

gakvirvebas iwvevs g. Jordanias mier imis dasabuTebis

mcdeloba, rom Teimurazisa da ierusalimis patriarqis we-

rilebSi espaneTis mefisaTvis Txovna iranis agresiisagan da-

sacavad daxmarebis Sesaxeb, dawerilia osmaleTis dazvervis

SecdomaSi Sesayvanad, TiTqos isini, sinamdvileSi, osmaleTi-

sagan dacvas iTxovdnen. `gasaTvaliswinebelia is mdgomareo-

ba, _ wers g. Jordania, _ rom n. irbaxs Teimurazis weriliT

da ierusalimis arqidiakon aTanases patriarq Teofaniosis

weriliT unda gaevloT osmalebis samflobeloebi, sadac

saWiro iyo didi sifrTxilis dacva. magram unda vaRiaroT,

rom osmaleTis xelisuflebas gindac xelT egdoT werile-

bi, romlebic n. irbaxsa da arqidiakon aTanases mihqondaT,

es araviTar vnebas ar miayenebda arc qarTvel elCs da arc

ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgenels: Teimurazis da ie-

rusalimis patriarq Teofanisis werilebi Tu xelSi Cauvar-

deboda osmaleTis xelisuflebas da gaecnoboda maTs Sina-

arss, isini mtrulad ar ganewyobodnen arc nikifore irbaxi-

sa da masze dakisrebuli diplomatiuri misiis mimarT; ufro

piriqiT, Teimurazis da Teofanes mier werilebSi espaneTis

mefis mimarT, nikifore irbaxis misiis antiiranul xasiaTze


230

xazgasma, gamoiwvevda osmalebis dadebiT damokidebulebas am

misiis mimarT, radganac yovelgvari saerTaSoriso aqcia ira-

nis _ osmaleTis imperiis, dauZinebeli mtris winaaRmdeg, os-

malebisaTvis misaRebi iyo. SeiZleba Teimurazisa da patri-

arq Teofanisis werilebSi swored amitom iyo xazgasmuli

nikifore irbaxis misiis antiiranuli xasiaTi~1. ufro metic,

rogorc iTqva, j. vaTeiSvilma Teimuraz mefis antiosmalur

gegmas vrceli gamokvleva miuZRvna2. winaswar, vidre Teimu-

raz mefis sagareo politikas dawvrilebiT da bolomde gan-

vixilavdeT mxolod erTs gavixseneb qarTveli mefis mier

moskovSi XVII s. 50-iani wlebis bolos, misi moRvaweobis da-

sasruls naTqvams: mas, mTeli Tavisi moRvaweobis dros, kar-

gi urTierToba hqonda osmaleTis saxelmwifosTan, misi dau-

Zinebeli mtrebi iranis Sahebi iyvnen.

ase rom, rac Teimurazisa da ierusalimis patriarqis

werilebSi iranis Sesaxeb ewera, sruli simarTle iyo.

Tu ratom Seicvala iranis winaaRmdeg daxmarebis Txov-

na osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZolis surviliT, naTels hfens

madridSi ierusalimis patriarqis espanurad perifrazirebu-

li werili: ìerusalimis patriarqis don Teofanes werilSi, keTilSobili pirovnebis don nikifores Sesaxeb naTqvami, rom igi gamogzavnilia iberiis mefis Teimurazis mier Tqvens didebulebasTan da ratom ar unda gaeziarebina azri, sai-dumloebisa da ganzraxvis mTavari cda sulTanis winaaR-mdeg. mxolod iqneb imitom, rom aseve amboben, rom iyo uTan-

xmoebebi, romlebic mas sparselebTan aqvs~3. rogorc Cans, es-paneTis samefo karze garkveuli zewola iyo nikiforeze, rom qarTvel elCs iranis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daxmarebis moTxovna Seecvala osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZolis moT-xovniT. e. i. qarTvelebis iranTan dapirispireba xelis Sem-Sleli ar unda yofiliyo osmalebTan dasapirispireblad.

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Ук. труд, с. 62. 2 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 279-309. 3 dokumentebi, gv. 421, dok. #59.

231

rogorc movlenebis Semdgomi ganviTarebidanN Cans, nikifore

iZulebuli gaxda, Seecvala Tvisi mefis danabarebi.

aseve, nikiforesTan SeTanxmebiT, unda Secvliliyo Te-

imuraz mefis sigelis Sinaarsi. amaSi gvarwmunebs Teimuraz

mefis zemoT citirebuli sigelisa da misi `Targmanis~ er-

TmaneTTan Sedareba. sigeli espanurad Targmnilia konstan-

tine sofias mier, madridSi. magram winaswar unda iTqvas,

rom `Targmani~ sul sxva sigelia, masSi Teimurazis sigeli-

dan mxolod mefisa da misi elCis saxelebia datovebuli,

teqsti ki sul sxvaa: amjerad, nikifore irbaxi, espaneTis

samefo karze STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad, Teimurazis piriT

acxadebs, rom igi aris iberiis, albaneTis, samegrelos, gu-

riis, imereTis, CerqezTis mefe. amas mosdevs espaneTis mefis

_ filipe IV-is qeba: `Tqven flobT daviTis simSvides, so-

lomonis sibrZnes, aleqsandre didis monarqias da konstan-

tine didis RvTismosaobas da amrigad, Tqven samoTxis yvavi-

lisa da ciuri varskvlavis Rirsi xarT, ciuri saTnoebiT

Semkuli. Semkobili xarT imdeni keTilSobiluri da ciuri

niWiT. Tqven xarT mefeTa mefe, samarTliani kanonebSi da

warmoadgenT samagaliTos Tqveni vasalebisaTvis~.

amis Semdeg werilis `TargmanSi~ mokled daxasiaTebu-

lia saqarTvelos politikuri mdgomareoba. kerZod naTqva-

mia, rom igi moqceulia saqristianos dauZinebel or mters

_ iransa da osmaleTs Soris. iranis problema Teimurazs

ukve gadauwyvetia. man or brZolaSi ise sastikad daamarcxa

sparselebi, rom maTma mefem gaqceviT uSvela Tavs. am ga-

marjvebebis Sedegad qarTveli mefis samflobeloebi gadai-

Wima Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde da misi jari asi aTasi

mebrZolisagan Sedgeba.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos meore mters _ osmaleTis

saxelmwifos, is sustia da Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT aR-

savse. ase rom, qristianTa gaerTianebuli ZaliT misi mTli-

anad ganadgureba SeiZleba. Tavis mxriv, viTomdac, Teimuraz

mefe, potenciur mokavSireebs pirdeba, mTeli Tavisi Seiara-

Rebuli ZaliT SeiWras kapadokiasa da biTiniaSi da kon-

stantinopolis aziur nawilamde, skutaramde mivides. aqedan

232

ki, espaneTis mefisagan daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba

sruteze gadasvla da konstantinopolis aReba. ìmisaTvis,

raTa dainaxos Tqvenma didebulebam, rom ara piradi intere-

sebisaTvis da ara iberTa gafarToebisaTvis da gazardos

Tavisi saxelmwifo, xdeba es laSqroba, aramed mxolod Cve-

ni RmerTis, Cveni ufalis samsaxurisaTvis da qristianobis

ayvavebisaTvis~.

bolos, Teimuraz mefe espaneTis mefes sTavazobda,

rom Tu mas raimeSi eWvi Seepareba, SeuZlia Tavisi warmo-

madgenlebi saqarTveloSi gagzavnos, `raTa maT Seiswavlon

sakiTxebi da sakuTari TvaliT naxon Cveni Zalebi da Seafa-

son Cveni warmatebebi da saqmeebi, xolo gaigeben ra amas,

moaxseneben Tqvens didebulebas da imaT, vinc amis Sesaxeb

ar icis, Tu ramdenad Zlieri da mebrZolebi arian iberebi

mterTan Sejaxebis dros da SeuZliaT Tu ara maT Seasru-

lon micemuli dapireba~1.

Teimuraz mefis sigelis `Targmani~ nikifores da kon-

stantine sofias Semoqmedebis nayofi unda iyos. konstantine

sofia saberZneTis gasaTavisufleblad espaneTis SeiaraRebu-

li Zalebis osmaleTis winaaRmdeg warmarTviT piradad dain-

teresebuli iyo. nikifore irbaxis madridSi Casvla man Tavi-

si am miznisa da miswrafebis SesrulebisaTvis gamoyeneba

scada. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, konstantine sofiam mniS-

vnelovani roli Seasrula nikifore irbaxis espaneTSi el-

Cad yofnis dros qarTvelTa antiiranuli gegmisa da saTxova-

ris Secvla-damaxinjebaSi. am pirovnebis biografiuli cnobe-

bi da misi moRvaweobis mTavari mizani gadmocemulia 1627

wels, nikifore irbaxis madridSi yofnis dros, mis mierve da-

weril filipe IV-isaTvis wardgenil `cnobaSi~. vigebT, rom

man berZnuli koleji daamTavra romSi da romis papis klimen-

ti VIII-is brZanebiT 1603 wels gaigzavna madridis samefo kar-

ze garkveuli politikuri xasiaTis davalebiT, `raTa samefo

gvirgvins (espaneTis mefe – e. m.) ganexila saberZneTis wm.

1 iqve, gv. 413-418, dok. #57.

233

laSqroba Turqebis winaaRmdeg~. konstantine sofiam imdenad

gamoiCina Tavi Tavisi misiisaTvis gaweuli saqmianobiT, rom

igi mefis samsaxurSi aiyvanes, `ramdenadac igi flobda enebs,

kargad werda da sargeblobda berZnebis pativiscemiT... mag-

ram mTavari mizani, romelsac igi misdevda da misdevs... aris

samsaxuri ufali RmerTisa da Tqveni udidebulesobisadmi

da mTeli misi Zalebi mimarTulia am laSqrobis ganxorcie-

lebisaken (e. i. saberZneTis osmalTa uRlisagan gaTavisuf-

lebisaken – e. m.)~1.

`TargmanSi~ Teimurazi filipe IV-s pirdeba, rom mtris

ganadgurebis Semdeg, yvelafers, mTel codnasa da Zalas

gamoiyenebs raTa espaneTis mefem konstantinopolis impera-

toris taxti daikavos2. `Cven ki _ naTqvamia `TargmanSi~ _

davbrundebiT Cvens samflobeloebSi da viqnebiT ukve bed-

nieri imiT, rom imperatoris taxtze zis namdvili qristia-

ni da kaTolike mmarTveli, Tqveni didebuleba, xolo Cveni

saxiT, Tqven mudam geyolebaT Tqveni samsaxurisaTvis mzad-

myofi kargi megobari~.

`TargmanSi~, nikifores pirovnebisa da damsaxurebis Se-

saxeb, Teimuraz mefis saxeliT, naTqvamia: `vagzavniT Tqvens

didebulebasTan Rirseul mamas don nikifore irbaxis, reli-

giur pirovnebas, metad unarians da sandos, romelic garda

amisa, cnobili warmoSobisaa, rom misi mSoblebi iyvnen war-

Cinebulebi da Tavadebi Cveni vasalebidan. am adamianis una-

rianoba da gulmodgineba, romliTac igi emsaxureba RmerTsa

da gvirgvins, kidev ufro maRla ayenebs mis Rirsebas. didi

erTguleba, romelis msgavsi saqmeebis dros gamoamJRavnes

misma winaprebma, kidev ufro marwmunebs vendo mas. am da misi

mxridan sxva mizeziT igi gaxda Cemi moZRvari da sulieri

1 iqve, gv. 405, dok. #64. 2 ierusalimis patriarqi Teofanisic Tavis werilSi espaneTis me-

fes swerda: àmas erTvis vedreba Cvenisa simdablisa, raTa Rirsi

gaxde Sen, daikavo taxti saxelovanTagan gamoCenili didi kon-

stantinesi da iustinianesi (netari xsovna maT)~. iqve, gv. 419, dok.

# 58.

234

mama. man icis Cemi gulis saidumloeba, Cemi ganzraxvebi da

SeuZlia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli gulaxdilobiT moaxsenos

Tqvens didebulebas. amitom Tqvens didebulebas SeuZlia er-

wmunos mas yvelaferSi, rasac igi Cemi saxeliT mogaxsenebs.

mindoda Tqvens didebulebasTan gamegzavna Cemi vasa-

lebidan erT-erTi yvelaze warCinebuli saero pirovneba

ufro sazeimod, magram mas unda gaevlo bevr mters Soris

da SeiZleboda yuradReba mieqciaT da saqme waxdeboda, Ca-

vardniliyo maT xelSi da Tqveni udidebulesobis winaSe

ver warmsdgariyo. amitom Cven SevarCieT es beri, Cemi suli-

eri mama da Cveni sando pirovneba, raTa man SeZlos faru-

lad gaiaros mtrebs Soris da SeZlos ufro advilad Cavi-

des Tqvens didebulebasTan da acnobos mas Cveni ganzraxve-

bi mTeli saidumloebiT, rogorc es mas aqvs davalebuli~.

amgvarad, nikifore ColoyaSvilma espaneTis samefo

kars Tavisi mefis werilis imdagvari `Targmani~ warudgina,

rom mefis kariskacebis mier misi ganxilvis Semdeg, qarTl-

kaxeTis samefosa da espaneTis samefos Soris diplomatiu-

ri urTierTobis damyarebas da antiosmaluri samxedro kav-

Siris Sekvras win aRaraferi dadgomoda. marTlac, `Teimu-

razis werilis~ safuZvelze, saxelmwifo sabWoSi warsadge-nad daiwera moxsenebiTi baraTi, romelSic qarTveli mefis survilebi da espaneTis mefisaTvis saTxovari kidev ufro metad dauaxlovda espaneTis saxelmwifos interesebs da amis Semdeg gadawyda nikifore ColoyaSvils samefo sabWo-

Si gasaubrebodnen. gasaubrebam warmatebiT Caiara. qar-

Tvelma elCma kargi STabeWdileba moaxdina espanel didebu-

lebze. yovelive amis Sesaxeb qvemoT iTqmeva. manamde ki au-

cileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom nikifore irbaxis elCobam

ubiZga konstantine sofias mefisTvis waredgina 32 muxlad

Camoyalibebuli `moxseneba~ (relación), romelSic ganmarta os-

maleTis mier dapyrobili qveynebisa da xalxebis ganTavi-

suflebis is misia, romelic espanel xalxs ekisreboda. iq-

ve dasabuTebulia is gardauvali warmateba, espaneTis mo-

narqis saerTaSoriso avtoritetis amaRleba, qveynis ekono-

mikuri da politikuri sargebeli, rasac espaneTis monarqia

235

miiRebs osmaleTis damarcxebis Semdeg. warmatebis mopoveba

ki advili iqneba, radgan Turqebis saxelmwifo dasustebu-

lia Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT da mezoblebis Tavdasxmebis

Sedegad. `rogorc cnobilia, isini ganicdian Tavdasxmebs

sparselebisa da amboxebulebis mxridan... Tavs esxmian kaza-

kebi, reC pospolitis mefis qveSevrdomebi, romlebic Savi

zRviT aRweven konstantinopolamde. Turqebi damarcxebul

iqnen qarTveli mefisa da sxvebis mier da amitom maT ar Se-

uZliaT aRsdgnen da Seagrovon didi jari~1.

konstantine sofia espaneTis mefes uiolebs osmale-

Tis winaaRmdeg omis dawyebas da moaxsenebs, rom qristianu-

li qveynebi, TavianTi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT mxarSi

amoudgebian mas saqristianosaTvis am umniSvnilevanes brZo-

laSi. CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa `moxsenebis~ da-

sasruli, sadac avtori espaneTis mefes mimarTavs: `da das-

kvniT nawilSi minda aRvniSno iberiis qarTvelTa mefis ga-

dawyvetileba da miswrafeba, misces ukanaskneli Zalebi

wminda kaTolikur eklesias da mTeli qristianobis samsa-

xurs, rogorc amis Sesaxeb moaxsena nikifore irbaxma, rome-

lic am viTarebaSia gamogzavnili CvenTan RmerTis mier. au-

cilebelia, rom mas daxmarebis xeli gauwodoT Tqveni ka-

Tolikuri saxelisaTvis Sesaferisi didebis movaleobiT.

Tqveni udidebulesobisa da mTeli espaneli eris dide-

ba samudamo iqneba yvela xalxTa Soris. de gandiddes Tqveni

udidebulesobis da Tqveni mxedarTmTavrebis saxeli, de sa-

mudamod iyos Cawerili istoriaSi. Tqven didebul saqmeebs

augeben Zeglebs berZnebi da aRmosavleTis sxva xalxebi. da

dalocos ufalma RmerTma Tqveni udidebulesobis saqme, ro-

melic mimarTulia misi didebisaken.

amis mTxovnelma, romelsac amoZravebs miswrafeba em-

saxuros ufal RmerTs da Tqvens didebulebas... mas amoZra-

vebs survili, ganTavisufldes misi samSoblo (saberZneTi

1 iqve, gv. 437 dok. #58.

236

_e.m.), Seadgina da warudgina es werili Tqvens didebulebas

gansaxilvelad...~1.

`moxsenebis~ gacnobis Semdeg, vfiqrob, sruliad naTe-

lia, ratom Seicvala Teimurazis werilis `TargmanSi~ ira-

ni osmaleTiT, da rogori gavlena eqneboda konstantine so-

fias nikifore irbaxze, raTa qarTveli mefis moTxovnebi

ufro saberZneTis interesebSi Caeyenebina, vidre igi qarTl-

kaxeTis samefos waadgeboda. miWirs gaziareba im mosazrebi-

sa, `TiTqos irbaxis cnobebis safuZvelze konstantine so-

fia TviTon Txzavda am ambebs da radgan qarTvelma elCma

espanuri ar icoda, arc Targmnis Semowmeba SeeZlo~2.

Teimuraz mefis werilis `Targmanidan~ da konstanti-

ne sofias `moxsenebidan~ Cans, qarTuli samefosadmi mimar-

TebaSi mTavari cvlileba iyo espaneTis mefis yuradRebis

mipyroba osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZolis aucileblobaze,

rac mxolod nikiforesTan SeTanxmebiT daiwera. Aamaze, pir-

vel rigSi, miuTiTebs nikifores moxsenebiTi baraTi filipe

IV-isadmi, romelSic aRniSnulia mxolod weli (1627), ric-

xvis gareSe. savaraudoa, igi wardgenili iyos 1627 wlis 26

ivnisamde, rodesac saqarTvelosa da qarTvel elCTan dakav-

Sirebuli masalebi, nikifores mefesTan audienciisaTvis mo-

samzadeblad, gadasces graf hercog don xuan de vilie-

las3. moxsenebiTi baraTi dawerilia nikifores mier, mesame

pirSi da ar Seicavs qarTl-kaxeTis mefis osmaleTis wina-

aRmdeg sabrZolvelad mzadyofnas. masSi mxolod zogadad

aRniSnulia, rom `zemoxsenebul mefes [Teimurazs] mtkiced

aqvs gadawyvetili mis gankargulebaSi darCenili jari mo-

axmaros kaTolikuri rwmenis gadarCenis saqmes, wm. kaToli-

kuri rwmenisa da qristianis saxelis udidesi mtris ganad-

gurebas~. moxsenebiTi baraTidan moyvanil am amonaridSi,

1 iqve, gv. gv. 448-449, dok. #64 2 papaSvili m., erTi diplomatiuri sakiTxis garkvevisaTvis. kr.

samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelosistoriis sakiTxebi, III, baTumi,

2008, gv. 101. 3 luis xili fernandesi, ilia tabaRua, dasax. naSr., gv. 411, dok. #56.

237

saqmiT dainteresebulma adamianma, am SemTxvevaSi espaneTis

mefem, SeiZleba mxolod osmaleTi igulisxmos, maSin, rode-

sac imave dokumentSi, cota qvemoT, gamokveTilad naTqvamia,

rom Teimuraz mefe `Tqveni samefos samsaxurisaTvis sTava-

zobs Tqvens didebulebas Tavis samefos, Tavis jars da

mTel Tavis Zalebs Tqveni udidebulesobis nebismieri

mtris winaaRmdeg, kerZod, iranis winaaRmdeg im RonisZiebeb-Si, romlebsac amJamad Tqveni didebuleba axorcielebs aR-

mosavleT indoeTSi~1.

nikifore ColoyaSvilis moxsenebiT baraTSi laparakia

espaneTis mefis mier iranTan omis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi qar-

Tvelebis daxmarebaze. esec isea miwodebuli, TiTqos iranis

problema espaneTis mefis Tavis tkivilia da misi mdgomare-

obis Semsubuqebis mizniT, Teimurazi mzadaa megobrobis

valdebulebidan gamomdinare, mas daexmaros.

amgvarad, 1627 wlis 10 ivlisis Semdeg, nikifore ir-baxsa da konstantine sofias Soris SeTanxmebiT, qarTveli mefis mowodeba iranis winaaRmdeg erToblivi omis Sesaxeb, Seicvala osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZolisaken mowodebiT.

rogorc Cans, imave 10 ivliss an Semdeg dRes (11 ivli-

si) konstantine sofiam graf hercog de vilielas zemoT

ganxiluli is `moxseneba~ gadasca, romelSic man Camoayali-

ba mosazrebebi osmalTa uRlisagan saberZneTis ganTavisuf-

lebisa da imave osmalebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi qarTvele-

bisaTvis daxmarebis Sesaxeb. amis gamo xuan de vilielam me-

fes acnoba Semdegi: èrTma berZenma berma, romelsac hqvia

konstantine sofia, gadmomca moxseneba, romelic exeba sa-

berZneTis ganzraxvas da misdami keTilganwyobas iberiis

anu saqarTvelos mefisa, romelic misi sityvebiT, aris ber-

Znuli wesis qristiani da romlisgan Camoitanes werili, sa-

dac moTxrobilia misi survilze gamoxatos, Seqmnili xel-

sayreli viTarebis pirobebSi, Tavisi morCileba misi udide-

bulesobisadmi. rodesac me mas (konstantine sofias _e.m.)

1 iqve, gv. 422-423, dok. #61.

238

vuTxari, rom amis Sesaxeb saWiro iyo jer geTqvaT nuncio-

saTvis1, Cans, rom man es ar miiRo kargad da didi siamovne-

ba ar gamoumJRavnebia im winadadebebisadmi, rac aq Camoita-

nes (saqarTvelodan _e.m.). amitom me mimaCnia gadaeces yvela-

feri es Tqvens brwyinvalebas, am rukasTan erTad, igi gada-

eces gansaxilvelad sabWos, raTa pirvel rigSi ganxilu-

liqnes is, rac weria am moxsenebaSi~2. Cans, rom xuan de vi-

lielam icoda sinamdvileSi rac ewera Teimuraz mefisa da

ierusalimis patriarqis sigelebSi.

saqarTvelos elCma da mefis werilma warmoSva saqar-

Tveloze metis codnis aucilebloba. amitom Seiqmna mimo-

xilviTi xasiaTis `cnobebi iberiaze, iberebze da qarTve-

lebze, maT sazRvrebze, qristianobaSi maT moqcevaze, wes-

Cveulebebze, samxedro Zalebze, maT ganzraxvebze da sxva~,

romelsac unda Seevso codnis is xarvezi, rac espaneTis

samefo karze arsebobda saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. mimoxilva

dawerili unda iyos, erToblivad, nikifore irbaxisa da

konstantine sofias mier. masSi mokled ganxilulia anti-

kur avtorTa cnobebi saqarTveloze, sainteresoa mosazre-

bebi dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis iberebis urTierTobasa

da naTesaobze, saqarTvelos sazRvrebis, mezoblebis, misi

gaqristianebis, eklesiis, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis, osmaleT-

Tan mtruli urTierTobisa da qarTveli mefis sulTnis wi-

naaRmdeg amboxebulebTan kavSiris Sesaxeb. xazgasmulia os-

maleTis saxelmwifos sisuste. àm da sxva mosazrebiT, ibe-

riis mefe mogiwodebT, _ mimarTavs moxsenebebis avtori (av-

torebi) filipe IV-s, _ wmida wamowyebisaken da gansakuTre-

biT imitom, rom amJamad Turqebs ara aqvT arc Zala da arc

SesaZlebloba winaaRmdegoba gauwion Tundac zogierT Se-

takebasac ki... swored amitom iberTa mefes gadawyvetili

aqvs ganaxorcielos laSqroba konstantinopolze da Tavis

mxriv TviTon Caudges saTaveSi am saerTo mtris winaaRmdeg

1 romis papis warmomadgeneli romelime saxelmwifos mTavrobasTan. 2 iqve, gv. 424, lok. # 62.

239

laSqrobas da gamoiyenos Tavisi ukanaskneli Zalebi wminda

kaTolikuri sarwmunoebisa da mTeli qristianobis sasar-

geblod, raTa gandevnos am despoturad dapyrobili miwebi-

dan tirani da mTeli qristianobis mteri~1.

vidre `moxsenebis~ ganxilvas gavagrZelebde, manamde

unda iTqvas osmaleTSi momxdari im ajanyebis Sesaxeb, ro-

melTanac, TiTqos kavSiri hqonda Teimuraz mefes: `mefe ase-

ve dakavSirebulia didi batonis (sulTnis _e.m.) winaaRmdeg

amboxebul ambasa faSasTan2. es faSa qarTvelia, warmoSobiT

iberiidan3, qristianobisa da xsenebuli mefis [Teimurazis]

didi megobaria. amitom mis laSqarSi bevri qristiani ja-

riskacia. mTeli misi fexosani 80 aTasi kacisagan Sedgeba;

da, rom es amboxebuli faSaA cdilobs miiRos Tanxmoba da

Txovs iberiis mefes Seutios konstantinopols, magram mefe

mas maincdamainc ar endoba, miuxedavad imisa, rom xSirad

aerTianebdnen TavianT Zalebs da gamarjvebas aRwevnen Tur-

qebTan da sparselebTan brZolaSi da maT daikaves rogorc

erTis, ise meore mxaris bevri qalaqi. ase rom, Tu mefe moi-

survebs da ganaxorcielebs am laSqrobas, ambasa faSa dae-

morCileba mis brZanebebs da yvelgan mihyveba mas.

yvela am mosazrebis gamo, dainaxa ra qarTvelTa mefis

SesaniSnavi Zalebi, didma batonma gaugzavna mas elCebi da

Txova megobroba da gamoTqva mzadyofna daubrunos mas mis

mier adre dapyrobili yvela miwa da provincia da aseve

aCuqos qalaqi sesarea4 kapadokiaSi... magram mefe arafers

dapirda elCebs, mxolod ramdenime keTili sityva uTxra~5.

Semdeg azri imgvarad aris ganviTarebuli, TiTqos Teimu-

razma imitom ar gasca garkveuli pasuxi sulTnis elCs,

rom amis Sesaxeb jer espaneTis mefes unda molaparakeboda

da nikifore irbaxi amitom gaagzavna masTan elCad.

1 iqve, gv. 433, dok. #63. 2 abaza faSa. 3 sxva cnobiT igi kolxeTidan iyo. tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 251. 4 qalaqi kaiseri. 5 iqve, gv. 432-433.

240

saeWvod meCveneba, rom is rac naTqvamia `moxsenebaSi~

Teimuraz mefis ajanyebul abaza faSasTan1 kavSiris Sesa-

xeb, simarTles Seeferebodes2. Teimuraz mefes SeiZleba sia-

movnebda sulTnis winaaRmdeg ajanyeba da uTanagrZnobda ki-

dec, magram politikuri da samxedro mosazrebiT ar SeiZ-

leboda ajanyebulebs dxmareboda. misi aseTi moqmedeba Sah

abasis daxmarebis tolfasi iqneboda, rasac igi araviTar

SemTxvevaSi ar dauSvebda. amitom gaugebaria man ratom `ga-

dawyvita gamoeyenebina abaza faSa osmaleTis sulTnis wina-

aRmdeg sabrZolvelad~3, maSin, rodesac yvelafridan Cans,

rom Teimurazi iranis sawinaaRmdegod osmalTTan daaxloe-

bas cdilobda da amis gamo Sah abasi, rogor aqezebda mos-

kovis xelmwifes Teimurazis, rogorc arasaimedo politiku-

ri partnioris winaaRmdeg. moskovis mTavrobac, Tavis mxriv

Tavis agentebs mudmivad avalebda fxizlad edevnebinaT

Tvali Teimuraz-sulTnis urTierTobisaTvis da moskovSi

ecnobebinaT ramdenad Seefereboda simarTles is, rasac Sa-

hi xelmwifes swerda, an ra doneze iyo Teimuraz mefis ur-

TierToba sulTnis karTan. ufro metic: `gansakuTrebiT yu-

radRebas imsaxurebs is, rom Teimuraz mefis gegmiT antios-

malur koaliciaSi unda CaebaT iranic, rac imis maniSnebe-

lia, rom nikifore irbaxs ar hqonda davalebuli iranis wi-

naaRmdeg koaliciis organizacia. marTalia, Teimuraz mefe

ar iyo darwmunebuli, rom iranelebi xalisiT Caebmebodnen

am koaliciaSi, magram imedovnebda, rom osmaleTTan omSi

SesaZlo warmatebis SemTxvevaSi iranic Seecdeba osmaleTs

waarTvas is qveynebi, romelTa xelSi Cagdebaze didi xania

ocnebobda~4. am mosazrebasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas,

Semdegi: bunebrivia, Sah abasi sixaruliT SeuerTdeboda an-

1 ibrahim feCevi, gv. 86-87; isqander munSi, gv. 132, 133, 137-139, 142, 143;

svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osamleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 207. 2 aseTive paTosiT amtkicebs Teimuraz mefesa da abaza-faSas Sori

kavSirs j. vaTeiSvilic. Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 285-288, 369-373. 3 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osamleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 207. 4 iqve, gv. 208.

241

tiosmaluri koalicias, romlis Seqmnasac igi mTeli mon-

domebiT cdilobda XVII s. pirvel meoTxedSi, rac Teimu-

razs srulebiT ar awyobda. erTia ras ambobdnen espaneTis

samefo karze nikifore irbaxi da konstantine sofia da me-

ore, ra xdeboda kavkasiasa da axlo aRmosavleTSi.

g. Jordaniam, zemoT ganxilul espanur wyaros, gamoq-

veynebuls j. vaTeiSvilis mier gazeT `komunistSi~, sruliad

gansxvavebuli interpretacia SemogvTavaza. imis gamo, rom

man abaza faSa, `moxsenebis~ mixedviT, warmoSibiT qarTveli,

gamuslimanebuli, qristiani da, gansakuTrebiT, Teimuraz me-

fis megobari da didi jaris patroni iyo, g. Jordaniam masSi

iranis Sah abas I-is karze aRzevebuli imamyuli-xani ivarau-

da. ùkeTu es Cveni hipoTezuri mosazreba marTebulia, _ wer-

da g. Jordania, _ àm baxa baxa rebeldes~ (abaza faSa _e.m.)

saxiT nikifores marTlac imamyuli-xani ugulisxmia, gamo-

dis, rom swored Sirazis xani yofila mTavari iniciatori

iranis Sahisa da qarTl-kaxeTis mefis erToblivi antiosma-

luri kavSiris Sekvrisa, xolo iranis Sahis mxriv am antios-

malur laSqrobaSi monawileobas TviT imamyuli-xani kisru-

lobda, risTvisac mas mzad hyolia didi laSqari~1.

rogorc zemoT iTqva, Teimuraz I-is diplomatia ar

iyo mimarTuli iqiTken, rom abaza faSa osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg gamoeyenebina, an iranTan Seekra antiosmaluri kavSiri.

aqedan gamomdinare verc ajanyebul faSas dauWerda mxars.

rac Seexeba imamyuli-xanis da Teimuraz mefis kavSirs, uf-

ro metic, am gamuslimanebuli qarTveli didebulis inicia-

tiviT antiosmaluri saqmianobaze varaudis daSvebis safuZ-

veli ar aris.

`moxsenebaSi~ gadmocemulia mizani, romlisTvisac Tei-

muraz mefem Tavisi sulieri mama espaneTis mefesTan gag-

zavna. elCs daevala acnobos mas Tavisi mefis ganzraxvebi,

1 Jordania g., Teimuraz mefe da Zmani undilaZeni, `mnaTobi~, #5,

1984, gv. 146.

242

da Tu igi mxars dauWers maT, maSin iberTa mefe mis samsa-

xurSi iqneba Tavisi xalxiT.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom iberTa mefes dadgeni-

li hqonia osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omis dawyebis TariRi da

laSqrobis mimarTuleba: ìberTa mefem moxaza am wm. wamowye-

bis dro da dawyebis Semdegi gegma da ambobs Semdegs: Tu

elCi (nikifore _e.m.) droulad dabrundeba da Camoitans misi

udidebulesobis Tanxmobas, laSqrobis dawyeba SeiZleba mo-

mavali _ 1628 wlis gazafxulze, xolo Tu ara, SeiZleba igi

gadaidos Semodgomamde ramdenadac iberebi, qarTvelebi aR-

zrdilni arian ise, rom SeuZliaT iomon rogorc zamTarSi,

iseve zafxulSi. isini oqtomberSi jer gailaSqreben trapi-

zonSi da iqidan ganagrZoben gzas, gasweven kapadokiasa da

biTiniidan win da mivlen qalaq bursamde, kabesamde xsene-

bul provinciaSi, romelic mdebareobs konstantinopolidan

sami dRis savalze da am qalaqSi iberebi fiqroben jarma

zamTari gaataros, misi udidebulesobis daxmarebisa da es-

kadris molodinSi~1.

Semdeg aRniSnulia, espaneTis mxridan samxedro eqspe-

diciaSi rogori galerebi miiRebs monawileobas. èrTdrou-

lad SeiZleba imedi gvqondes kazakebisa da reC pospolitis

mefis sxva qveSevrdpomebisa, romlebic dagvexmarebian Tavi-

anTi navebiT xalxis gadasayvanad sruteebze~. iqve gamoT-

qmulia imedi, rom osmaleTze saomrad mimavalT SeuerTde-

bian sxva qristianebi, kerpTayvanismcemlebi, `romlebsac

surT dainaxon romelime qristiani mefis droSa, raTa gaer-

Tiandnen mis qveS~. `cnobebis~ mkiTxvels avtorebi iseT

STabeWdilebas uqmnian, rom laSqrobisaTvis samzadisi,

TiTqos, iseT fazaSia, rom `miuxedavad Tavisi gadawyveti-

lebisa da gegmisa, iberTa anu qarTvelTa mefe mzad iqneba

miiRos misi kaTolikuri udidebulesobis rCeva da misi

1 dokumentebi, gv. 435. Sdr. tabRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 176.

243

Tanxmobis gareSe ar gadadgams arc erT nabijs am wmida wa-

mowyebis mimarT~1.

mas Semdeg rac Teimuraz mefis `survilebi da mosazre-bani~ espaneTis xelisuflebis interesebTan SesabamisobaSi iqna moyvanili2, amis Semdeg, mefis brZanebiT, Teimuraz mefis werilis Targmani da nikifores mier wardgenili sxva weri-

lebic, gadaeca saxelmwifo sabWos. wardgenili masalebi

sabWom 1627 wlis 29 ivliss guldasmiT ganixila da misi Ti-

Toeuli wevris mosazreba mefes warudgina. moxsenebiTi bara-

Tis mixedviT, sabWos wevrebis winadadebebi da moTxovnebi

SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT:

1. mefes rekomendacias aZleven gansaxilvelad miiRos

saqarTvelos mefis winadadeba (don avgustin mesia, hercogi

de feria).

2. sabWos sami wevrisagan Semdgarma komisiam mousminos

nikifore irbaxs (don avgustin mesia, grafi de monterei,

grafi de CinCo).

3. aucilebebli iyo qarTvel mefes jer papisaTvis Sem-

deg ki espaneTis mefisaTvis miemarTa. gansakuTrebuli mniS-

vneloba aqvs papis azrs (don avgustin mesia, markiz de mon-

tesklarosi, grafi hercogi de san lukari, sulieri mama).

1 dokumentebi, gv. 433-434. 2 ra Tqma unda, ver gaviziareb g. Jordanias mosazrebas, TiTqosda

`safiqrebelia, ucxoeTSi yofnisas nikifore ColoyaSvili dro-

dadro axerxebda mimoweras TeimurazTan, albaT atyobinebda

mbrZanebels Tavisi diplomatiuri misiis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb da

ekiTxeboda ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. cxadia, albaT, Tei-

murazisganac misdioda mas cnobebi~ (Jordania g., dasax. naSromi,

gv. 146). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT gadaadgilebis saSulebebsa da mis-

Tvis saWiro dros, maSin amgvari kontaqtebis da kavSirebis swra-

fad ganxorcieleba SeuZlebeli iyo. elCebs an Sikrikebs, TavianTi

movaleobis Sesrulebisa da samSobloSi dabrunebisaTvis wlebi

WirdebodaT. Zalian xSirad elCi vidre miRweul Sedegs samSob-

lomde miitanda, mas praqtikuli mniSvneloba ukve dakarguli

hqonda.

244

4. iberiis mefes gaegzavnos espaneTis mefis werili,

romelSic aisaxeba mTavrobis mier miRebuli gadawyvetile-

ba (don avgustin mesia).

5. iberiis mefes upasuxon damakmayofilebeli dapire-

bebiT (markiz de montesklarosi, grafi hercogi de san lu-

kari, don xuan de viliela).

6. aris Tu ara nikifore irbaxi iberiis mefis elCi?

amis garkveva daevalos espaneTis elCs romSi graf de onia-

tes an neapolis vice mefes hercog albas. am ukanasknels

daevala, agreTve, informaciis Segroveba saqarTveloze

(markiz de montesklarosi, grafi hercogi de san lukari,

markizi de la inoxosa, grafi de monterei, sulieri mama,

don xuan de viliela, hercogi de feria, grafi de CinCo).

7. osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omze TavSekaveba, ramdenadac

is qveyana (saqarTvelo), romelic omSi daxmarebas iTxovs

ar aris kaTolikuri. amdenad omi sargebels ar moutans ka-

Tolikur eklesias (markiz de montesklarosi, grafi herco-

gi de san lukari).

8. iberiis mefisaTvis daxmareba gamoiwvevs osmaleTis

yuradRebis aRmosavleTiT gadatanas, rac sasargeblo iqne-

ba osmaleTis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli germaniisaTvis (markizi

de la inoxosa).

9. iberiaSi gaigzavnos erTi an ramdenime kaci, romle-

bic Seiswavlian qveynis mdgomareobas da mis samxedro po-

tencials (markiz de montesklarosi, grafi hercogi de san

lukari, markizi de la inoxosa, hercogi de feria).

10. espaneTis omma, osmaleTis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba ga-

moiwvios muslimanuri qveynebis antiespanuri koaliciis

Seqmna, rac arasasurvelia (don fernando xironi, grafi de

monterei).

11. elCis dasaCuqreba da samgzavro fuliT uzrunvel-

yofa (markizi de la inoxosa, sulieri mama, grafi de se-

gorbe, grafi de CinCo)1.

1 iqve, gv. 449-457, dok. #65

245

rogorc iTqva, saxelmwifo sabWos moTxovniT Seiqmna

samkaciani komisia, romelmac winaswar momzadebuli kiTxve-

bi dausva nikifores da misgan miiRo Sesabamisi pasuxebi.

yvelaferi es aisaxa dokumentSi, romelic, Targmnilia qar-

Tulad da gamoqveynebulia luis xili fernandesisa da i.

tabaRuas mier, magram garkveuli mizezebis gamo igi ver

moxvda Cvens samecniero mimoqcevaSi. ramdenadac es doku-

menti warmodgenas gviqmnis nikifore irbaxze, rogorc po-

litikossa da diplomatze, aseve espaneTis samefo karis

diplomatebis saqarTvelos mimarT interesebsa da ucxoel

diplomatTan urTierTobis meTodebsa da normebze, mas mo-

viyvan kupiurebis gareSe:

`1627 wlis 20 seqtemberi.

komisiis moxseneba filipe IV-s.

xelmwifev:

vasrulebT ra imas, rac Tqvenma didebulebam uz-

runvelhyo brZanebiT, SevikribeT don avgustin mesias saxlSi

grafi de lemosi da hercogi de feria (avadmyofobis gamo

komisias ver daeswro xuan de viliela). ganvixileT^ saxel-

mwifo sabWoze wardgenili rekomendaciebi da yvela dokumen-

ti, sadac laparakia Tqveni udidebulesobisadmi iberiis me-

fis saxeliT misi elCis nikifore irbaxis mier wardgenil

winadadebebze. komisiam aRniSnuli SemadgenlobiT ganixila

masala, gaecno dokumentebs da Semdeg saWirod CaTvala mo-

esmina xsenebuli don nikiforesaTvis, raTa daesvaT misTvis

is kiTxvebi, romlebic aqve iqneba Camoyalibebuli, raTa

gvqondes cnobebi mis pasuxebze da SegveZlos mivmarToT rCe-

visaTvis Tqvens didebulebas ufro zusti cnobebiT da cod-

niT am winadadebebis argumentebze, romlebsac gvTavazoben.

1. movida ra komisiaze xsenebuli elCi, Tqveni udidebu-

lesobis msaxuris konstantine sofias saSualebiT mas uT-

xres, Tu ramdenad sasiamovno iyo Tqveni udidebulesobisaT-

vis iberiis elCobis Camosvla da imdenadve sasiamovno [weri-

lebis Camotana] gonieri da keTili pirovnebis mxridan, ro-

goricaa zemoxsenebuli elCi da rom igi SeiZleba darwmune-

buli iyos, rom rogorc ki SesaZlebloba iqneba, dakmayo-

246

fildeba misi Txovna, iqneba mxardaWera da, rom aseTi iyo

Tqveni udidebulesobis ganzraxva.

2. gaiTvaliswines ra yovelive, elCs uTxres, rom wa-

mowyeba, romelzedac laparakia, didia da rom Tqveni dide-

buleba Cawvda ra mis arss, Zalian surs pirvel rigSi gaT-

valiswinebuli iyos iberiis mefis interesebi da yvelaferi

ris Sesaxebac aq elCi ambobda laSqrobis ganzraxvaze sku-

tarSi 100-aTasiani cxenosniT, rac Seadgens mTels maT Za-

las da rom dablobebze es Seteva unda iyos imdenad mou-

lodneli da swrafi, rom didma batonma (osmaleTis sul-

Tanma – e. m.) ver SeZlos misi verc gaTvaliswineba da verc

mogerieba. mxedvelobaSi misaRebia, rom didi batonis Zale-

bi imdenad didia, rom mokle xanSi mas SeuZlia Tavi mouya-

ros did armias iberiis mefis Tavdasxmis mosagerieblad.

3. garda aRniSnulisa kidev iTqva, rom Tu iberebi mi-

aRweven skutarimde da gaivlian kapadokias da biTinias,

isini zurgSi datoveben didi batonis bevr cixe-simagres

da, rom Turqebs ganzraxuli ara aqvT maTi dakargva. ro-

gor SeiZleba am adgilebis SenarCuneba.

4. elCs aseve hkiTxes, isini Tavs daesxmian ra did ba-

tons, xsenebuli 100-aTasiani cxenosniT, isini imdenad mow-

ydebian TavianT provinciebs, datoveben Tu ara Zalebs uSiS-

roebisaTvis im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iranis Sahi, romelTanac ad-

re omi hqondaT, Tavs daesxmeba da SeiWreba saqarTveloSi

didi somxeTis teritoriidan an sxva mxridan.

5. rogor SeiZleba daebrunebinaT iranis Sahis mier

dapyrobili samefoebi, romelzec elCi Tavis erT-erT we-

rilSi ambobs, rom iberiis mefem iranis Sahs gaumarTa ori

brZola da orive brZolaSi gaimarjva.

6. rom yovelTvis, roca Tqveni didebuleba iwyebda

laSqrobas sxva sarwmunoebis mefis winaaRmdeg, yovelTvis

akeTebda amas keTilgonierebiT, misi uwmindesobis (romis pa-

pis – e. m.) locva-kurTxeviT. amitom komisias surda codno-

da: rogorc iTqva, elCs miaqvs Tu ara iberiis mefis werili

misi usamRvdeloesobasTan da iberiis mefe ra formiT emor-

Cileba mis usamRvdeloesobas, romis paps.

247

7. im SemTxvevaSi Tu Tqveni didebuleba gadawyvets gag-

zavnos es elCi neapolis vice-mefesTan imisaTvis, raTa maT

gagzavnon adamianebi, raTa gaecnon iberiis mefis Zalebsa da

sxva danarCeni cnobebis misaRebad, rac ainteresebs Tqvens di-

debulebas, rogor fiqrobs elCi, ra gziT SeiZleba aRniSnu-

li pirTa gagzavna da ramdenad uSiSaria es gza.

1. pirvel kiTxvaze elCma upasuxa TavazianobiT da pa-

tiviT, Tqva ra, rom misma mefem da batonma igi aq gamog-

zavna, raTa waredgina Tqveni udidebulesobisaTvis Tavisi

survilebi da ganzraxvebi; daerwmunebina Tqveni didebule-

ba, misdami Tavisi vasalur morCilebaSi.

2. am nawilSi Camoyalibebul kiTxvas elCma upasuxa,

rom iberebis mier TurqebTan omis warmoebis meTodi Zalian

gansxvavdeba im meTodisagan, romliTac sargebloben Crdi-

loelebi imitom, rom aq aris cixe-simagreebi, xolo iq isi-

ni ar aris. amasTanave, iberebs bevrjer ubrZoliaT didi ba-

tonis jarTan da am brZolebSi imarjvebdnen maTze; rom am-

Jamad TurqeTis imperia Zalian Selaxulia da ramdenadac

iberiis mefis mier Seteva miyenebuli iqneba farulad da

swrafad, raTa didma batonma ver SeZlos Tavidan aicdinos

es da rom provinciebi, romlebzedac jari gaivlis, gaige-

ben, rom Tqveni didebuleba miiRebs monawileobas am saqme-

Si, ajanydebian da iaraRs mimarTaven didi batonis winaaR-

mdeg, raSic... elCi Zlier gvarwmunebda Cven; elCma dasZina:

im teritoriaze, sadac mefem unda Seutios, ver moinaxeba

iseTi cixe-simagre, romelic SeaCerebs iberiis mefis jars,

raSic Cven ara erTxel davrwmundiT; da rom iberebi araso-

des ukan ar daixeven dawyebuli saqmidan.

3. rogorc ukve zemoT iTqva, Tavdasxma unda moxdes

imdenad moulodnelad da farulad, rom mters ar mieces

momzadebis saSualeba da yvelaferi es ukan darCeba, dae-

morCileba mefes, rogorc mizanSewonilad, iseve surviliT,

gansakuTrebiT iq mcxovrebi qristianebi, romlebsac es

surT da aqeTken miiswrafian.

4. rac Seexeba mebrZolebs, mefes bevri xalxi hyavs. did

batonze TavdasxmisaTvis mas eyoleba asi aTasi kaci, xolo

248

danarCeni misi Zalebi daicaven mis samflobelos. iberiis me-

fe imdenad uyuradRebo rodia, rom gailaSqrebs ra iseTi

Zlieri mtris winaaRmdeg, rogoricaa didi batoni, datovos

Tavisi samflobelo ara sakmao dacvis gareSe. garda amisa,

iberiis mefe fiqrobs, moelaparakos iranis Sahs, romelic

eWvis gareSe, dainaxavs ra, rom iberiis mefe utevs mters, Se-

ecdeba waarTvas Turqebs (romlebTanac isini ewevian sisxli-

an oms) is provinciebi, romlebic maT ufro undaT, vidre

isini, romlebic unda daikavos iberiis mefem. irans didi xa-

nia Tvali uWiravs misi mosazRvre iseT adgilebze, rogori-

caa siria, alepo da damasko.

5. rac Seexeba iranis Sahisagan brZoliT dabrunebul

samTavroebs, maT dabrunebaSi mas exmareboda iberiis mefis

meamboxe vasali, omi grZeldeboda ori weli, magram ai ukve

ori welia, am provinciebSi simSvidea.

6. elCs Camotanili aqvs werilebi misi uwmindesobisaT-

vis da maT warmoadgens, raTa cxadi gaxdes, Tu rogor wers

mas iberiis mefe da Tu rogor gamoxatavs misadmi morCilebas;

da rom Tu elCma es werilebi ar waradgina adre, mxolod im

mizeziT, rom mas hqonda misi mefis brZaneba: Seesrulebina mi-

si davaleba jer Tqveni udidebulesobis winaSe, xolo Sem-

deg, gahyveboda ra Tqveni udidebulesobis brZanebas, daemor-

Cileboda mas mTeli pativiscemiTa da yuradRebiT.

7. rom elCi didi siamovnebiT gaemgzavreba neapolSi

an iq, sadac misi didebuleba isurvebss mis gagzavnas. aseve

masTan erTad SeuZliaT gaemgzavrnon pirovnebebes, rom-

lebsac SevarCevT gasagzavnad da romlebsac SeuZliaT dar-

wmundnen maTi winadadebebis gulwrfelobaSi da isini mow-

yalebiT da sixaruliT iqnebian miRebuli misi mefis mier.

aRiniSna, rom neapolze gavlis dros elCs gaugia, rom ibe-

riaSi miemgzavreboda ori Teatineli beri, iqauri xalxis

Tavis sarwmunoebaSi mosaqcevad da iq misionis Sesaqmnelad.

elCma maT misca sarekomendacio werilebi mefisaTvis, rome-

lic miiRebs ra am werilebs, maT kargad Sexvdeba da kar-

gad miiRebs.

249

8. komisiam saWirod CaTvala waredgina Tqveni udidebu-

lesobisaTvis molaparakebis mTeli Sinaarsi da rom elCi ro-

gorc pirovneba Cans Zalian Wkviani da savsebiT gonivruli pa-

suxebi mogvca yvela SekiTxvaze da winadadebaze; da rom sa-

marTliani iqneba aRmouCinoT mas pativiscema da pativi.

rac Seexeba mTavar sakiTxs, komisia Seecada gaekeTebi-

na samarTliani daskvnebi, elCis winadadebebis siZneleebis

miuxedavad, Cven mainc gvgonia, rom saqme SeiZleba warmarTo

ise, ro am mefesTan megobrobisagan da miwer-mowerisagan Se-

iZleba miRebuliqnes mogeba. ramdenadac es elCi ambobs, rom

SeiZleba aqedan gaigzavnos adamianebi, raTa maT gaecnon da

gaigon, Tu ramdenad sworia maTi winadadebebi. komisia

Tvlis, Tu erTaderTi mogeba aqedan iqneba Tundac mxolod

zusti da marTali cnobebi levantis Sesaxeb, romlebic gvak-

lia maTi metad saWiroebis dros; Tqveni udidebulesobis

mxridan didi samsaxuri iqneba gagzavnoT masTan erTad me-

tad keTilSobili, gamocdili adamiani, raTa man Seiswavlos

am qveynis viTareba da mdgomareoba, Seafasos maTi Zalebi da

daadginos yovelive is, rac SeiZleba CvenTvis sasurveli

iyos, Camoitanos gansakuTrebuli cnobebi da waradginos

moxsenebiTi baraTi. amitom am elCs surs, rom es molaparake-

ba mimdinareobdes metad saidumlod da ar unda gaxdes cno-

bili; Tu romelime sakiTxi gaigzavneba neapolisa da sici-

liis vice-mefeebTanTan, ar gaiparos saidumloeba da ar gai-

gon jaSuSebma, romlebic orive adgilas bevrni arian.

am siZneleebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT komisiam im-

sjela da ukeT miiCnia am ganzraxvisaTvis banlios grafis

xuan visenso de san feliCes kandidatura, romelsac Tqven-

ma didebulebam uboZa wyaloba _ momavalSi armadis erTi

mesamedis sardloba, SeuZliaT mas miscen ori sxva Tanam-

gzavri, aseve italieli, romlebic daemorCilebian mis gan-

kargulebas da pirovnebebi, romlebic sasurveli iqneba mis-

Tvis. amasTanave, komisia Tvlis, rom ukeTesia, Tu isini iq-

nebian italielebi da espanelebi; am pirovnebebs da elCs

250

SeuZliaT gaemgzavron im TeatinelebTan1 erTad, romlebic

rogorc cnobili gaxda, axla miemgzavrebian romidan iberi-

aSi, raTa iq iqadagon wminda saxareba. saidumloebis dacvis

mizniT, saWiroa maT igive berebis tanisamosi Caicvan. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqveni didebuleba saWirod CaTvlis mii-

Ros es gadawytvetileba, saWiro iqneba xsenebul xuan visen-

siom da imaT, vinc masTan erTad gaemgzavreba, mieceT yove-

live aucilebeli aseTi Zneli mogzaurobisaTvis.

komisia aseve Tvlis, rom Tqvens didebulebas SeeZlo

epasuxa iberiis mefis werilze saukeTeso formiT da dapi-

rebebiT gulwrfel megobrobaze da Tqveni udidebulesobis

karg urTierTobaze, romelic xedavs da ganWvrets, rom mo-

mavalSi ukeT iqneba uzrunvelyofili.

madridi, 1627 wlis 20 seqtemberi.

konvertze: `komisia, romelic Seikriba don avgustin me-

sias binaze, iberiis mefis winadadebebis gansaxilvelad~2.

ra SeiZleba iTqvas espaneTis samefo sabWos komisiis

mier dasmul, kargad mofiqrebul, kiTxvebze da qarTveli

elCis mier gacemul pasuxebze. sruliad gasagebia, rom ni-

kifores pasuxebi ar asaxavda qarTul sinamdviles. isini

Seesabameboda konstantine sofias avantiuristul zraxvebs.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom es ukanaskneli Tarjimnobda kiT-

xva-pasuxis dros. Tu nikifores gamarTleba gvinda, SeiZle-

1 Teatinelebis ordeni daaarsa kaetan Tienelma 1480 wels. 1516

wels man daarsa berebis mcire Temi erToblivi locvis, gansjisa

da mqadagebelTa momzadebisaTvis. Temis mTavari mizani iyo brZo-

la eresis winaaRmdeg mSvidobiani saSualebebiT. moZraobam gaZli-

erda maSin, rodesac wm. kaetani gaecno Teatinel episkoposs jova-

ni pietro karafas, momaval paps pavle VI-s. wm. kaetanis idea

mdgomareobda regularuli berebis ordenis daarsebaSi, romlebic

ar sdebdnen tradiciul aRTqmas. ordenSi Sesvlisas berebi sdeb-

dnen siRaribis, keTilgonierebis da morCilebis aRTqmas, magram

isini imave dros agrZelebdnen samrevlo mRvdlebis movaleobas.

ordeni darsda 1524 wels, misi wesdeba ki daamtkices 1540 wels. 2 iqve, gv. 458-462, dok. #66. am dokumentis Sinaarsi da amonaridebi

ix. tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 167-168.

251

ba vifiqroT, rom elCis pasuxebs Tarjimani amaxinjebda da

maTSi sul sxva Sinaarss debda. magram es daujereblad meC-

veneba. italiuris mcodne nikifore ar SeiZleboda ar mim-

xvdariyo, rom k. sofia mis naTqvams arasworad gadascemda

msmenelebs. saeWvoa, rom Tarjimani amgvar riskze wasuliyo

da Segnebulad daemaxinjebina nikifores naTqvami.

mas Semdeg rac gavecaniT, konstantine sofias mier

`Targmnil~ Teimuraz mefis werilsa da sxva dokumentebs,

romlebis Targmansa Tu SeqmnaSi aseve nikifores xelic

eria, ueWveli xdeba, rom man SeZlo nikifores darwmuneba, rom sinamdvilis amgvarad gayalbebiT sikeTes moutanda sa-qarTvelosa da mis mefes. nikifore aseT daTmobaze wavida mas Semdeg, rodesac sabolood darwmunda, rom simarTlis TqmiT saqarTvelo espaneTis xelisuflebisaTvis sruliad uintereso gaxdeboda.

qarTvel elCTan gasaubrebis Semdgomi periodis masale-

bi naTels xdis, rom nikiforem SeZlo espaneTis mTavroba sa-

qarTvelosaTvis daxmarebisaTvis ganewyo. nikifore ColoyaS-

vilTan gasaubrebiT kmayofili filipe IV-is kariskacebis mi-

er `gamoiTqva azri, rom aucilebelia gamoyenebul iqnes es

SesaZlebloba megobruli urTierTobis dasamyareblad saqar-

Tvelos mefesTan~. saelmwifo sabWom ganixila nikifores mier

komisiis winaSe, Tavisi mefis saxeliT, gamoTqmuli mosazreba-

ni da 1627 wlis 1 seqtembers wardgenil moxsenebaSi mefes ur-

Cia mis kariskacebs SeeswavlaT qarTveli mefis winadadebebi.

gadawyda gaerkviaT ramdenad sworad asaxavda qarTveli el-

Cis informacia misi qveynis samxedro SesaZleblobebs1.

iqve wamoayenes winadadeba nikiforesTan erTad saqar-

TveloSi gaegzavnaT gamocdili adamiani, romelic Seagro-

vebda informacias àRmosavleTze~. airCies kidec is adamia-

nebi vinc nikiforesTan da Teatinel misionerebTan erTad

1 iqve, gv. 463, dok. #67.

252

saqarTveloSi wamovidodnen, gadawyda wargzavnilTa dafi-

nansebis sakiTxic1.

imave wlis 22 oqtomberis moxsenebiTi baraTidan ukve

Cans, rom mefesTan konsultaciis Semdeg `sabWom gadawyvita

da hgonia, rom SeiZleba miiRos winadadebebi, romlebic

Tqvens didebulebas SesTavaza iberiis mefis saxeliT misma

elCma~2. rogorc iTqva saqarTveloSi gasagzavni pirovnebac

SeirCa èlCis (nikifores _e.m.) Tanamgzavrad~. es iyo xuan vi-

sensio de san feliCe. mefem sabWos daavala im adamianebis

SerCeva, romlebic espaneTis elCs saqarTveloSi gahyvebodnen3.

1627 wlis 11 noembris moxsenebiTi baraTidan Cans, rom

saxelmwifo sabWom gadwyvita nikifore daajildovos 2

aTas dukatad Sefasebuli oqros jaWviT, xolo espaneTis

elCi, saqmis kargad damTavrebis Semdeg daawinauros da

privilegiebic mianiWos4. amis Semdeg ratomRac Seicvala

Tavdapirveli gegma qarTveli da espaneli elCebis Tanam-

gzavrobis Sesaxeb da 1628 wlis 4 ianvars saxelmwifo sab-

Wo mefes moaxsenebda, rom misi brZanebis Sesabamisad niki-

fore irbaxs unda acnobon, rom mas SeuZlia samSobloSi

dabrundes. `garda amisa, xsenebul don nikifores sityvie-

rad moaxseneben, rom Tqveni didebuleba gagzavnis iberiaSi

pirovnebas weriliT, romelSic gamoTqvams misi didebuleba

Tavis survilebs da, rom (filipe IV-is warmomadgenlis

_e.m.) gamgzavreba moxdeba moskovis gavliT; am pirovnebas

miecema saSualeba iberiis mefesTan gaecnos mdgomareobas,

xsenebuli elCis (nikifores _e.m.) gamogzavnaze da mis mier

Camotanil cnobebze~5.

gaugebaria ram gamoiwvia, im gadawyvetilebis miReba,

rom qarTveli da espaneli elCebi sxvadasxva gziT wasu-

1 luis xili fernandesi da xose manuel florestani, dasax. naSr.,

gv. 210. 2 luis xili fernandesi, ilia tabaRua, dasax.. naSr., gv. 464, dok., 68. 3 iqve. 4 iqve, gv. 465, dok. #69. 5 iqve, gv. 467, dok. #70.

253

liyvnen. SeiZleba es moxda nikifores mizeziT, radgan is

aucileblad unda swveoda paps romSi da Tavisi mefis saxe-

liT masTan molaparakeba gaemarTa. Mnikifores romSi was-

vlas moiTxovda espaneTis saxelmwifo sabWoc. mefe Teimu-

razs papisadmi morCileba da kaTolikoba unda eRiarebina.

1628 wlis 8 ianvars don xuan de viliela nikifore

irbaxs swerda: `gaecno ra mefe, Cveni batoni, iberiis baton

mefis werils misi udidebulesobisadmi Tqveni mowyalebis

saSualebiT da aseve werilebs, romlebic Tqven warmoadgi-

neT im saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebmac Tqven am sasax-

leSi mogiyvanaT, misma didebulebam brZana gadavce Tqvens

mowyalebas Semdegi:

_ rom misi didebuleba upasuxebs werilze, romelic

Tqvenma mowyalebam gadasca mas xsenebuli batoni mefis sa-

xeliT da brZanebs es werili gadascen Tqvens mowyalebas1.

_ rom misi didebuleba sul mokle xanSi gagzavnis

Tavis elCs, romelic safuZvlianad ganixilavs im sakiT-

xebs, romlebic Tqvenma mowyalebam aq warmoadgina da, rom

es elCi gaemgzavreba moskovis gziT.

_ rom misi didebuleba aseve miswers werilebs neapo-

lisa da siciliis vice mefeebs, raTa dagexmaron da mfarve-

loba aRmouCinon Tqvens mowyalebas iq yofnis dros2.

_ rom es werilebi dauyovnebliv gadaecema Tqvens

mowyalebas, raTa SeZlo gaemgzavroT, rogorc es SesaZle-

beli iqneba~3.

1 11 ianvars ukve arsebobda gankarguleba moemzadebinaT Teimuraz

mefisaTvis gasagzavni werilis laTinuri Targmani, raTa igi mefi-

saTvis waredginaT xelmosawerad. (iqve, gv. 470, dok. #73). amgvarad

11 ianvars jer kidev ar arsebobda werilis laTinuri Targmani da

verc iqneboda igi mzad mefisaTvis xelis mosawerad warsadgenad.

Sdr. tabaRua i., dasax.. naSr., II, gv. 179. 2 saxelmwifo sabWom mefes urCia werili gaegzavna espaneTis el-

CisaTvis romSi, raTa imasac jerovani yuradReba gamoeCina nikifo-

res mimarT. iqve. 3 iqve, gv. 468, dok. #71.

254

ori dRis Semdeg, 10 ianvars nikiforem samadlobelo

baraTi gaugzavna xuan de vilielas: `... misi udidebuleso-

bis (filipe IV-is _e.m.) miTiTebiT da Tqveni mowyalebis moq-

medebiT, gamomigzavnes [yvelaferi] zustad1 da rom Tqveni

mowyaleba matyobinebs, rom misi didebuleba agzavnis sagan-

gebo elCs moskovis gziT, me es meCveneba Zalian saWirod.

aseve me Zalian gaxarebuli var misi udidebulesobis

weriliT romSi misi elCisadmi da viqnebi bednieri miviRo

misi udidebulesobis werili misi uwmindesobisadmi Cems pi-

rovnebaze rekomendaciiT da, Tu garda amisa aris kidev ra-

ime gansakuTreebuli, razedac laparakia Cemi mefis (Teimu-

raz II _e.m.) misi uwmindesobisadmi, bednieri viqnebi miviRo

miTiTebebi.

rac Seexeba werilebs neapolisa da siciliisaTvis, ve-

vedrebi mis didebulebas maT mokle Sinaarsze, raTa Cemi

gamgzavrebis dagvianeba iyos rac SeiZleba mokle. rac See-

xeba sxva sakiTxebs, mzada var gasamgzavreblad rogorc ki

moisurvebs Tqveni mowyaleba...~2

21 ianvars xuan de viliela graf hercogs mokle bara-

TiT atyobinebs, rom qarTveli elCisaTvis saCuqrad gadasa-

cemi oqros jaWvi droulad unda moamzadon, xolo `weri-

lebi, romlebic (nikiforem _e.m.) unda waiRos romSi da Ta-

vis batonTan, mas gadaecema ufro gvian~3.

filipe IV-is werili Teimuraz II-isadmi daTariRebulia

1628 wlis 31 ianvriT. `filipe IV-is pasuxi Teimurazs. Tqveni

brwyinvalebis werilidan, don nikifore irbaxis mier gadmo-

cemuli epistoledan da agreTve mis mier sityvierad moxse-

nebulidan Cans, Tqveni brwyinvalebis keTili ganzraxvebi da

1 yvelaferSi ar igulisxmeba werilebi, rogorc i. tabaRua fiq-

robda. tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv, 179. arsebobda 21 ianvris

brZaneba, romelsac qvemoT gavecnobiT, rom nikiforesaTvis weri-

lebi unda gadaecaT mogvianebiT. 2 iqve, gv. 468-469, dok. #72. 6 iqve, gv. 470, dok. #74. 3 iqve,

255

maTi ganxorcielebis survili da rogorc xsenebuli don ni-

kifore getyviT, me gamovTqvi Cemi gansakuTrebuli kmayofi-

leba da Tanxmoba da vTqvi es; garda amisa, Tqveni brwyinva-

leba amasTan dakavSirebiT gamoxatavs Tavis megobrobas da

survils, romlebsac aseve samarTlianad gamoxatavs Cveni

Rirseuli da wmida ganzraxva da gegma, romlebic Cven vime-

dovnebT SevasruloT, vuyurebT ra Tqveni brwyinvalebis si-

mamaces da simtkices, xolo Cems mxridan dagexmarebiT da

mxars dagiWreT im saxiT, rogorc amas getyviT mokle xanSi,

iq (saqarTveloSi _e.m.) gamogzavnili pirovneba.

amdenad, me mgonia, rom xsenebuli don nikifore dab-

rundeba da mogaxsenebT, Tu ra SevTavazeT, rogori survi-

liT iyo igi Cems mier miRebuli, rogorc Tqveni brwyinva-

lebis msaxuri~1.

imave 31 ianvriT aris daTariRebuli romSi espaneTis

elCis graf de oniatesaTvis da neapolisa da siciliis vi-

ce-mefeebisaTvis gankuTvnili werilebi. mefe acnobebda oni-

ates nikifores madridSi Casvlis mizansa da samefo gan-

zraxulobaze gaegzavna Tavisi elCi saqarTveloSi mos-

kovze gavliT. `ramdenadac xsenebul don nikifores ganzra-

xuli aqvs Caitanos mis uwmindesobasTan (papTan _e.m.) iberi-

is mefis werili, am samefo karze (madridSi _e.m.) yofnisas

miRebul pasuxTan dakavSirebiT, mindoda TqvenTvis dameva-

lebina, rom elCs surs esaubros mis uwmindesobas da em-

Txvios mis wminda fexebs, gaacnos misi saqme, miiRos misi

rCeva, uCvenos gza da aRmouCinos daxmareba. garda amisa,

mas daxmarebas aRmouCens es (espaneTis _e.m.) samefo kari;

rac Tqveni mxridan mis mimarT didi samsaxuri iqneba~2.

friad sayuradReboa, rom filipe IV-m nikiforesadmi

yuradReba da mfarveloba daaval neapolisa da siciliis vi-

ce-mefeebs. werili gamsWvalulia qarTveli elCis mimarT

1 iqve, gv. 471, dok. #75. am werilis laTinuri versia ix. iqve, gv.

472, dok. #76. 2 iqve, gv. 472-473, dok. 77.

256

siTboTi. mefe ambobs: `me Zalian minda dagavaloT Tqven, ro-

gorc vambob, Tu igi (nikifore _e.m.) iq (neapolsa da sicili-

aze _e.m.) gaivlis, aucileblad aRmouCinoT mas samsaxuri,

rogorc Camosvlis, ise iq yofnis dros, daxmareba da mfar-

veloba im dReebSi; gasceTYgankarguleba mas hqondes yvela

piroba da kargi mgzavroba, Tu isurvebs sadme gavlas (ro-

gorc igi amas imsaxurebs Tavis kargi mxridan, warmatebiT

da gonivrulad, rogorc aq iyo), rac mis mimarT Tqveni mxri-

dan didi samsaxuri iqneba~1.

espaneTis mefe romis paps werda: `don nikifore irbaxi

aq Camovida ramdenime xnis win, raTa CemTvis ecnobebina ibe-

riisa da qarTvelebis mefis, misi batonis ganzraxvebi, rom-

lebic misi cnobis Tanaxmad gzas uxsnian Cveni wmida reli-

giis gavrcelebas da zians miayeneben did batons (osmale-

Tis sulTans _ e. m), saerTo mters. gaigo, rom moskovis

gziT male gavgzavni pirovnebas, romelic waiRebs Cems pa-

suxs xsenebul mefesTan, man Tqva, rom igi TviTon waiRebs

Cems pasuxs xsenebul mefesTan. man Tqva, rom igi TviTon wa-

iRebs werils da iTxovs gamgzavrebis win mivce aseve weri-

li Tqveni uwmindesobasTan wasaRebad, imave sakiTxze da

kocnis Tqvens wmida fexebs.

am SemTxvevis gamo werils vwer graf de oniates, Cems

elCs, raTa warudginos Tqvens netarebas xsenebuli don ni-

kifore da daexmaroT mas da gasceT gankarguleba misi saq-

mis male damTavrebaze da ukan dabrunebaze. vevedrebi

Tqvens uwmindesobas, mousminoT mas siamovnebiT, rogorc

amas imsaxurebs misi winadadebebi da misi wmida ganzraxva,

vendobi mSobliur siyvaruls, romliTac Tqveni netareba

ismens da mfarvelobs msgavs saqmeebs da xels uwyobs Cveni

rwmenis did gavrcelebas~2.

imisaTvis, raTa irani antiosmalur koaliciaSi CaebaT

da am gziT aelagmaT misi antiqarTuli ganwyobileba, sava-

1 iqve, gv. 473, dok. #78. 2 iqve, gv. 474, dok. #79.

257

raudoa, nikifores rCeviT, Sedgenili iqna filipe IV-is we-

rili Sah abas I-saTvis. werilSi naTqvami iyo, rom myarde-

boda megobruli kavSiri espaneTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe-

ebs Soris. g. Jordania fiqrobda, rom nikifores azriT, Tu

irani im antiosmalur koaliciaSi Caebmeoda, romelSic he-

gemoni espaneTi iqneboda, miiRweoda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos

saerTaSoriso aRiareba da irani da qarTuli samefo Tana-

bari uflebebiT iqnebodnen koaliciis wevrebi, rac Teimu-

razis samefos iranis mxridan xelSeuxeblobis garantias

uqmnida1. ar mgonia, rom Teimurazi da misi politikosebi

amgvarad fiqrobdnen. maTi winaprebis gamocdileba sul

sxvagvar, aRniSnuli mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegoze miuTiTeb-

da. XVI saukunis 80-90 wlebSic iyo mcdeloba, rom saqar-

Tvelo da irani Tanabar pirobebSi SeeyvanaT antiosmalur

koaliciebSi, magram amgvar diplomatiur manevrebs Sahis ka-

ris gaRizianeba da saqarTvelos mimarT mtruli aqciebis

gaxSireba mosdevda. albaT, amitom iyo, rom Teimuraz mefe

espaneTis mefes sTxovda Tu molaparakebidan araferi gamo-

vidoda, maSin nikifores espaneTSi yofna sruliad saidum-

lod unda darCeniliyo. ra Tqma unda, molaparakebis warma-

tebiT damTavrebisa da qarTul-espanuri SeiaraRebuli Za-

lebis erToblivi moqmedebebis dawyebis Semdeg Teimurazs

dasamali aRaraferi eqneboda.

Teimuraz I-is mefobis mTeli periodi es aris Seupova-

ri, sisxlismRvreli brZola iranis agresiis Sesakaveblad.

amitom qarTveli xelisuflis mier antisparsuli koalici-

is Seqmnis gegmis antiosmaluriT Secvala, kaTolikuri sa-

xelmwifoebis saameblad, es iqneboda TviTmkvleloba. saR

azrSi ar jdeboda gamosvla osmaleTis winaaRmdeg, rome-

lic Teimurazs, jerjerobiT, erT-erT (erTaderTi Tu ara)

mokavSired miaCnda da sinamdvileSi es asec iyo. aseve gamo-

ricxulad mimaCnia Teimurazis ramenairi kavSiri sulTnis

winaaRmdeg ajanyebul abaza faSasTan, romelTanac Sah abas-

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 104

258

ma `Tavisi elCebi gagzavna... elCebis piriT [Sahma] abaza fa-

Sas SeuTvala, rom igi, abaza faSa, Sahis xelqveiTi gaxdes

da mas, Sahs, emsaxuros, Tavis mxriv ki, Sahi wyalobas moi-

Rebs. abaza faSam misive elCebis meSveobiT upasuxa: Tu mas

TurqeTis usman sulTani did vazirobas ar uboZebs, igi,

abaza faSa, TurqeTis murad sulTanTan cargorodSi ar wa-

va da Sahis qveSevrdomi gaxdeba, mis samsaxurSi Seva~1.

Teimuraz mefis mier ajanyebulTa mimarT TavSekavebis

dadebiTad Sefasebis Sedegi unda iyos sulTnis mier gior-

gi saakaZisaTvis mxaris ar daWera, rodesac man qarTlSi

SemoWra ganizraxa. aseve arasworia TiTqos Teimuraz I 1624

wels kavSirSi iyo osmaleTis winaaRmdeg amboxebul yiri-

mis xan mehmed II-sa da mis Zma Sahin gireisTan, romelic an-

tiosmaluri koaliciis Seqmnas cdilobda. mas mxars uWer-

da reC pospolita, romlis warmomadgeneli molaparakebas

awarmoebda qarTveli mefis elCTan. qarTveli mefis saxeli

cnobili ar aris. magram fiqroben, rom is unda yofiliyo

Teimuraz I2. `qarTveli mefe~, romelic didi jariT daxma-

rebas pirdeboda antiosmaluri koaliicis savaraudo wev-

rebs, Cemi azriT, SeiZleba yofiliyo imereTis mefe an da-

savleT saqarTvelos romelime mTavari da ara Teimuraz I,

romelic am dros dasavleT saqarTveloSi imyofeboda, sa-

dac iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyebisaTvis didi samzadisi mimdi-

nareobda. aseT viTarebaSi, ra Tqma unda, Teimurazi osmale-

Tis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebaze Tavs Seikavebda. maSin, rode-

sac dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi osmaleTs eb-

rZodnen farulad Tu daufaravad.E

yovelive amaze yuradRebas vamaxvileb imitom, rom

sarwmuno gavxado Teimuraz mefis diplomatia mimarTuli

iyo ara osmaleTis, aramed iranis winaaRmdeg. amaze metyve-

1 tivaZe i., martyofisa da marabdis brZolebis 350 wlisTavis gamo

(rusuli saarqivo masalebis mixedviT), `macne~, istoriis seria,

#3, 1975, gv. 178. 2 svaniZe, saqarTvelo-osmaleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 209.

259

lebs Teimuraz I-is mier sparselebTan gadaxdili brZolebi

Tundac mxolod 1625 wels. Teimuraz mefe prosparsuli

orientaciisa ver iqneboda da amave wels dasavleT evropa-

Si gagzavnil Tavis elCs Sahis interesebis ganxorcielebis

amocanas ar dausaxavda.

nikifore irbaxi romSi

nikifore ColoyaSvili, madridSi miRweuli `warmate-

bebis~ Semdeg, espaneTis xelisuflebis moTxovniT, romSi

miemgzavreba kaTolikobis aRiarebisa da papisagan sareko-

mendacio baraTis misaRebad. mas Tan miaqvs Teimuraz mefis

werili papisaTvis gadasacemad. am werils, Zlier daziane-

buls, vatikanis arqivSi pirvelad m. TarxniSvilma miakvlia

da mTlianad gamoaqveyna kidec1. mogvianebiT igive werili

gamoaqveyna i, tabaRuam vatikanis arqivSi arsebul laTinur

da italiur TargmanebTan erTad. originalsa da Targmanebs

Soris aris zogierTi seriozuli gansxvaveba. Teimuraz me-

fis sigels moviyvan SemoklebiT. igi pap urban VIII-s werda:

`...mxiarulebiT qristes m[imar]T [m]dgomobiT, RmrTisa

mier daculi, etlsa mefobisasa aRsruli, mefe qarTvelTa

RmrTis moyvarebiT Zlierad mpyrobeli, da Seuryevelad

mterTa mebrZoli, da qristes uaris myofelTa uebrad mom-

srveli Teimuraz aRmosavliT mivswer roms Sina...

merme ese movaxsenebT did[........]blsa magaTsa, rameTu yo-

veli damtkiceba qveynisa zedaTa TviT upyries da romel-

Tac [...daamtki]cebs, awe madlma qristesman mefe guy[v]na da

locviTa magaTiTa damtkiceba jer giCns da saTn[o....] saxel-

sa magaTsa aRvamaRlebT. sxua kvaladi xelyofa da miTxro-

1 Teimuraz I-is da zaqaria kaTalikosis werilebi pap urban mervi-

sadmi m. TarxniSvilma gamoaqveyna `bedi qarTlisa~-s #7-Si. albaT,

i. tabaRuam ar icoda am publikaciis Sesaxeb, amitom aRniSnuli

werilebis gamoqveyneba Tavis prioritetad miaCnda. ix. misi dasaxe-

lebuli naSromi, II, gv. 187, Sen. 113 da gv. 235, Sen. 5.

260

ba ese ars Cven mier: uRTo (?) [...] da Cuen vibrZviT wel

aTormet ars Cuen madlTa TqvenTa da meoxebiTa ara vyofT

nebasa m[aTsa.....] SenTa mcnebisa mdebelTa videbT da miT

srul vyofT moqalaqobasa Cuen[i]sa Rirsebis[a]sa. [....br]wyin-

valed aRmocenebulsa Tavsa SeverdebiT, raTa TanaSemweoba

yos Cveni saxelisaTvis ies[o]s[a.....]viTarca ityvis: Cuen yo-

velni Zmani varT da erT ars RmerTi Cueni. ese viTarisa

xmisa smena [....]n. da erTi wig[n]i xelmwifes spanias va[a]xleT da erTi magaT misweron, rom iyven da man siyvar (?)[....] da aqedaRma Cuen, da saxeliTa iesos qristesiTa aRvxocoT pi-

risaga[n] qveynisa, rameTu [....] usjulo winaSe RmrTisa, da

jer ars urTierTas siyvaruli da Tanamwyoba, viTarca

[......siy]varuli ars qriste iesoisa da siyvaruliTa misiTa

movswereT sayvarel[i] ese qarta da vigulis[.....]eT Sesay-

varleba pirvel mosaydrobisa magaTisa. da ese Cueni guli-Tadi mRdel-mona[zoni... nikifo]re gviaxlebia Cuen mierad xilvisa magaTisa gansacdelad da locvaTa magaTTa Tana

[......]rT mosaxmelad. da esreT mswraflad mogveniWenin mad-

lni magaTni, raTa viyvneT urTi[erTas......] saRmrTod moyva-

rulni da maradis mxsenebelni umetesad kurTxeulisa say-

drisa magaTisa, da[.....]sa Cemisa (?) da wmidisa saxelisa, aw

da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde. amin. daiwera epistole

ese [qronikonsa samas aToTxmet]sa noembersa ocsa qveyanasa

qarTlisasa1, mefeT mefe Teimuraz qarTvelTa. (beWedi)~2.

Teimuraz mefis sigelSi sruliad gasagebad Camoyali-

bebulia misi papTan saTxovari.

1. Teimurazi I qarTvelT mefea da igi aseTad scnos

papma da im saxelmwifoebma, romlebic papis avtoritets

aRiareben.

2. Tormeti weliwadia vibrZviT, magram maTs nebas ar

vemorCilebiT. Cven ukve mivwereT espaneTis xelmwifes da

1 iTqva, rom werilebi dawerili unda iyos 1625 wels. 2 iqve, gv. 219-220. Teimurzis werili romis pap urban VIII-sTan ga-

moaqveyna i. tabaRuamac. ix. misi dasax. naSr., II, gv. 232-233, 286-287.

261

papmac misweros rom papma da espaneTis mefem Seution sa-

qarvelos mters.

Teimurazi paps sTxovs kaTolikurma saxelmwifoebma

aRiaron igi mefed da daexmaron mtrisagan TavdacvaSi. Mmis

mier papisaTvis gagzavnil qarTulad daweril sigelSi ar

Cans romeli mtris winaaRmdeg ibrZoda igi Tormeti wlis

ganmavlobaSi, qarTl-kaxeTis mefe visTan brZolaSi iT-

xovda daxmarebas. samagierod, qarTvelebisaTvis da qar-

TvelTa saqmiT dainteresebuli politikosebisaTvis sruli-

ad garkveuli iqneboda, rom 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi, 1614-1625

wlamde, e. i. sigelis daweris dromde, Teimuraz mefe mxo-

lod Sah abas ebrZoda.

nikifore irbaxma sigeli vatikanSi miitana. raTa Tei-

murazis sigeli mRvdelmTavrebisaTvis gasagebi yofiliyo,

saWiro gaxda misi Targmna laTinur da italiur enebze.

rogorc madridSi wardgenil Teimurazis sigelSi, amjera-

dac, TargmanSi, adgilobrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

mniSnelovni cvlileba Seitanes.

originalSi weria, rom nikifore Teimurazis mxolod

warmomadgenelia. TargmanebSi ki vkiTxulobT: (laTinurSi)

àm werils sufTad gadawerils, gadmogcems Sen mRvdeli

nikifore~; (italiurSi) `Cveni qveynidan Tqvens netarebasTan

mova mRvdeli nikifore. is mogitanT am werils, alal-mar-

TliTa da rwfeli guliT dawerils~1.

mTargmnelebi, sigelis TargmanebSi, Teimuraz mefes aT-

qmevineben: (laTinurSi) `Cven saqme gvaqvs TurqebTan da spar-selebTan, xSirad gvixdeba maTTan Sejaxeba, magram RmerTis daxmarebiT arc erT maTgans ar davemorCilebiT, Seni morCi-li ki viqnebiT da SevasrulebT yovelive imas, rasac gvib-

rZaneb~; (italiurSi) `Cven vimyofebiT Turqebsa da sparse-lebs Soris. ganuwyvetliv unda viomoT maTTan... ar davemor-CilebiT maT da arc sxvas vinmes. Yyvelaferi is rasac Tqveni

netareba isurvebs gvibrZanos, SevasrulebT~. rogorc Cans,

1 iqve, gv. 233-236.

262

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mtrebad gamocxadebulni arian Tur-

qebi da sparselebi da maT mimarT tonic Serbilebulia.

amogdebulia Teimurazis Txovna erToblivad ebrZolon qar-

Tvelebis mters. qarTvelebi mxolod paps daemorCilebian.

davubrundeT Teimuraz mefis papTan gagzavnili sige-

lis im adgils, sadac aRniSnulia, rom `Cuen vibrZviT wel

aTormet ars Cuen madlTa TqvenTa da meoxebiTa ara vyofT

nebasa m[aTsa.....] SenTa mcnebisa mdebelTa videbT da miT

srul vyofT moqalaqobasa Cuen[i]sa Rirsebis[a]sa~. masSi rom

mxolod sparselebis winaaRmdeg brZolazea miniSneba, amis

axsnaSi dagvexmareba Teimurazis mier espaneTis mefesTan gag-

zavnili sigelis Semdegi adgili: ùsjulo igi persi Sahabas

virkinebiT brZoliTa sasikudinoTa... egeni (espanelebis da

papis jari _e.m.) moetivnen sparsTa (iranis yuridan _e.m.) da

aqaT Cven (Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _e.m.) uyoT devna Zlieri da aRvxocoT igi pirisagan queynisa yovlad uRmrTo igi sa-

Zageli~. igive Txovna gaismis ierusalimis patriarqis Teofa-

nisis werilSi filipe IV-isadmi: `gTxovs ra (Teimuraz _e.m.) daxmarebas, radgan igi sparselisagan mravalmxriv Seviwroe-

bulia~1. Aamgvarad, Teimuraz I espaneTis mefes da romis paps

mxolod iranis winaaRmdeg daxmarebas sTxovda.

* * *

nikifore romSi civad miiRes, ris Sesaxebac pietro

dela valesgan ukve viciT. vatikanSi nikifores mimarT, ro-

gorc Teimuraz I-is elCisadmi sifrTxilis gamoCenis da ci-

vi damokidebulebis gamomJRavnebis mTavari mizezi misi aR-

msarebloba unda yofiliyo. Tavdapirvelad, nikifores saq-

mesTan dakavSirebiT Sedgenil moxsenebaSi, gamoiTqva mok-

rZalebuli survili, rom nikifores àr unda gakvirveboda

Tu samociqulo taxti moisurvebs, man warmosTqvas Tavisi


263

rwmenis formula, manamde vidre vatikanSi misi winadadebe-

bis ganxilvas Seudgebodnen. qarTvelebis Sesaxeb Canawereb-

Si, romlebic inaxeba wm. kongregaciis arqivSi, araferia

naTqvami qarTvelebis cdomilebaze, piriqiT, isini gamoyva-

nilni arian, rogorc samociqulo taxtisa da papis Zalian

erTgulni~1. rogorc savaraudoa, moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli sa-

eWvod CaTvales da 1628 w. 21 ivlisis dokumentSi ukve pir-

dapir aris miTiTebuli nikifore irbaxis kaTolikobaze ga-

dasvlis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. qarTvel elCs iseTi rwme-

nis formula unda warmoeTqva, romelSic igi pirdapir it-

yoda qarTvelTa sarwmuneobrivi dabneulobis Sesaxeb2.

radgan evropaSi mogzaurobisas nikifores moixsenieb-

dnen rogorc wm. basilis moweses3, amitom fiqroben, rom man

es aRmsarebloba romSi swavlis periodSi miiRo. basiliano-

ba kaTolikur qveynebSi gagebuli iyo, rogorc romauli ka-

Tolikoba da aseTi aRmsreblobis adamianis mimarT, religi-

uri TvalsazrisiT, iq araviTari pretenzia ar hqondaT. ami-

1 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 385. 2 Там же, с. 385-386, примеч. 298. 3 basilianelTa mimdinareoba daafuZna berZenma saeklesio moRva-

wem basili didma kesarielma 330-379 ww. Oordeni ki daarsda 1579 w.

1 noembers. Ees iyo erTaderTi ordeni, romelic iRvwoda aRmosav-

luri da dasavluri eklesiebis SeerTebisaTvis. basilianelebi

TiTqmis yvelaferSi icavdnen aRmosavluri eklesiis principebs,

xelmZRvanelobdnen nikeis krebis simboloTi, CacmulobiT, RvTis-

msaxurebis yvela detaliT, religiuri saidumloebisa da marxvis

dacviT mTlianad eyrdnobodnen aRmosavluri eklesiis tradicieb-

sa da wesdebas. amasTanave, basilianelTa ordenis mesveurebi mo-

iTxovdnen, ordenis axal wevrs aRmosavlur RvTismsaxurebasTan

erTad eRiarebina romis papi da nikeis simbolosaTvis daematebina,

rom suliwmida gamodis ara marto mamisagan, aramed `Zisaganac~.

basilianelTa ordenis wevri yvela niSnis mixedviT, samosiT,

RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebisa da marxvis dacviT marTlmadideb-

luri eklesiis wevris STabeWdilebas tovebda, xolo is faqti,

rom is paps aRiarebda, icoda TviTon man da ordenis xelmZRva-

nelma, gareSe morwmuneTaTvis es SeumCneveli rCeboda.

264

tom saocaria, rom nikifore Tu marTla basilanTa ordens

ekuTvnoda, maSin madridsa da romSi ratomRa sTxovdnen ka-

Tolikobis aRiarebas. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare eWv qveS

dgeba, rom romis berZnul skolaSi, Tu igi iq marTla swav-

lobda, Tu iq berad aRikveca, Tu basilianeloba iqve aRiara

da nikifore dairqva, maSin daJinebiT ratom mosTxoves kaTo-

likobis aRiareba? basilianelebi xom umTavres kaTolikur

postulatebs (papis primats da filiokves) aRiarebdnen. niki-

fores biografiis am momentebis asaxsnelad sarwmuno sabu-

Tebi mkvlevrebma romSi ver naxes1. nikifore ColoyaSvilis

biografiis iseT mniSvnelovan detals rogoric misi rwmena

iyo, ar aRniSnaven is adamianebi, vinc mas piradad icnobdnen

da misi daxasiaTebebic dagvitoves. amitom, SeiZleba davuS-

vaT ori piroba: 1. nikifore romSi mivida rogorc basiliane-

li, 2. nikifore romSi mivida rogorc marTlmadidebeli.

nikiforem, SeiZleba, basilianoba aRiara evropaSi gam-

gzavrebis win (nikifore basilianelad gaecno mesinaSi sa-

qarTvelosken momaval kaTolike misionerebs) moCvenebiT,

rasac mas espaneTsa da romSi amCnevdnen (magram naTlad ga-

moCnda misi romidan wamosvlisa da saqarTvelosa da ieru-

salimSi saqmianobis dros) da, albaT, amis gamo mas am or-

denis wevroba ar daujers.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, romSi kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenes nikifores basilianeloba. nikifore romSi miiRes, rogorc marTlmadidebeli qarTveli da mis mimarT wayenebul pretenzias, rom mas jer kaTolikoba unda eRiarebina da amis Semdeg moxdeboda misi papTan audienciaze daSveba da molapa-rakebis dawyeba, Sesabamisi axsnac mouZebnes: `qarTvelebma, romlebic Sors iyvnen samociqulo wm. taxtidan, berZnebis TiTqmis yvela dabneuloba da zogierTi crumorwmuneoba Se-iTvises. antioqiis patriarqma ki maT sqizma daunerga... amri-gad, ar unda gagvikvirges, rom axlandeli mefis _ Teofiles

1 ix. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

gv. 147.

265

elCs _ baton nikifores, samociqulo taxtma moTxova sarwmu-noebis (kaTolikobis _e.m.) aRiareba, vidre SeTavazebuli mo-laparakeba daiwyeboda~1. werilis toni iseTia, rom misi avto-ri viRacis winaSe cdilobda gaemarTlebina papis kuriis mier nikiforesadmi wayenebuli pretenziis safuZvlianoba.

nikifore romSi, xangrZlivi TavSekavebis miuxedavad,

bolos iZulebuli gaxda eRiarebina kaTolikuri rwmena da

daegmo qarTvelTa cdomileba. nikifore ColoyaSvilis am na-

bijs g. akofaSvili Semdegnairad xsnis da afasebs: `SemoTa-

vazebul winadadebas, kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis miRebas, ni-

kolozi, rogorc Cans, SedarebiT advilad dayabulda. Sina-

ganad is ukve momzadebuli iyo amisaTvis, romSi gatarebuli

siymawvilisa da Wabukobis wlebs, mTel 13 wels swavla-ga-

naTlebisa, ukvalod ar Cauvlia. romSi cxovrebas, evropuli

progresuli kulturisadmi, zne-Cveulebebisa da ganaTlebi-

sadmi Rrma simpaTiebi Caunergavs mis gulSi. xolo imdroin-

deli evropuli kulturis gamoxatuleba, kaTolikuri sar-

wmunoeba xom igive qristianuli sarwmunoeba iyo da amdenad

nikolozs marTlmadideblobis datoveba da kaTolikobis mi-

Reba arsebiTad sarwmunoebriv Ralatad ar CaeTvleboda. da,

rac mTavaria, nikolozi upirveles yovlisa, politikosi

iyo, politikuri moRvawe, romelic Tavis qveynis keTildReo-

bis gaumjobesebisaTvis dauRalavad iRwvoda da raki misi

politikuri misiis warmatebebis interesebi moiTxovdnen am

nabijs, nikolozic mzad aRmoCnda gadaedga is. qarTveli el-

Ci daTmobaze wavida da diplomatiuri mosazrebiT miiRo pa-

pis mier SemoTavazebuli kaTolikoba~2.

ar viciT nikiforem rodis aRiara kaTolikoba, magram

is ki cnobilia, rogori sifrTxiliT moekidnen kardinale-

bi mis àRiarebas~. vinme paolos, fexSiSvela karmelits,

daevala Seemowmebina, ramdenad simarTles Seefereboda is,

1 iqve, gv. 238. 2 akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati..., gv. 41.

266

rac nikiforem qarTvelTa religiis Sesaxeb ganacxada1.

nikifore ColoyaSvilis mier romSi sarwmunoebis Sec-

vlas TiTqmis iseve afasebs g. Jordania, rogorc g. akofaS-

vili da fiqrobs, rom `nikifores am nabijs uadvilebda is

garemoeba, rom igi pirvel rigSi politikosi da diplomati

iyo (Tavisi daskvnebis am nawilSi g. akofaSvili, vfiqrobT

sruliad marTalia); maRali saeklesio wodebis miuxedavad,

misTvis konfesiur sakiTxebs meorexarisxovani mniSvneloba

hqonda, da is mzad iyo isini patriotuli interesebisaTvis

Seewira, miT umetes, Tu amas moiTxovda misi diplomatiuri

misia, romelic unda gamosdgomoda mis mxurvaled sayvarel

samSoblos~2.

nikifores mTeli cxovreba da moRvaweoba, vfiqrob, sa-

winaaRmdegos gviCvenebs. is upirvelesyovlisa sasuliero

moRvawe iyo da rodesac misTvis naTeli gaxda, rom misgan

aseTi msxverplis gaRebas azri ar hqonda, maSinve daubrun-

da Tavis adrindel mdgomareobas. `nikifore iyo kargi

mRvdeli, magram saeWvoa, rom is iyo kargi elCi~_es sityve-

bi m. TarxniSvils ekuTvnis3.

ver daveTanxmebi g. akofaSvils TiTqos zemoaRniSnu-

li mizezebis gamo nikifore sarwmunoebis Secvlas iolad

dayabulda. cnobili wyaroebi sruliad sawinaaRmdegos aR-

niSnaven. sayuradReboa isic, rom nikifore mTeli sicoc-

xlis manZilze saidumlod inaxavda romSi qarTvelTa cdo-

milebis aRiarebas da, rogorc savaraudoa, saqarTveloSi

dabrunebulma Teimuraz mefesac ki ar gaumxila amis Sesa-

xeb. nikifores es saidumlo icodnen saqarTveloSi moRvawe

kaTolike misionerebma, magram isini ar amxeldnen. saqarTve-

loSi misionerebis gamomgzavni da maTi saqmianobis organi-

1 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 286. 2 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 114. 3 TarxniSvili m., Teatineli mociqulebi saqarTveloSi. saqarTve-

los urTierToba evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan, IV-V, Tb., 1999,

gv. 370.

267

zatori pietro dela vale, goris misiis xelmZRvanels, don

pietro avitabiles afrTxilebda: `SesaZlebelia TviTon ni-

kiforesac ar surs, rom es (kaTolikobis aRiareba – e. m.)

cnobili gaxdes misi TanamemamuleebisaTvis~1. misionerebma

kargad icodnen qarTveli marTlmadideblebis damokidebu-

leba rwmenis Secvlisadmi. saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveur-

ni, politikuri wreebi informirebulni iqnebodnen ierusa-

limSi qarTvelebsa da kaTolikebs Soris arsebul saukuno-

van dapirispirebazec, rac misionerebisadmi arasasurveli

ganwyobilebis formirebas gamoiwvevda2.

mkvlevrebi umTavresad yuradRebas amaxvileben papisa

da nikifores Sexvedris politikur da religiur aspeqteb-

ze. magram, amasTan erTad gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom

nikifores vatikanSi Seayovnebdnen manamde vidre, SeZlebis-

dagvarad, ar moipovebdnen informacias saqarTvelos Sida-

politikur mdgomareobaze, Teimuraz I-is SesaZleblobebsa

da gavlenaze da, rac mTavaria, iyo Tu ara nikifore namdvi-

lad qarTveli mefis wargzavnili da ras warmoadgenda igi.

yovlive amis dadgenis Semdeg, rogorc m. TarxniSvili aR-

niSnavda, `papma kreba moaxdina 27 ivliss 1628 w. yvela am

sakiTxis gadasawyvetad~3.

nikifores mier kaTolikobis aRiarebisa da amis gamo

misadmi papis ganwyobilebis Secvlis Semdeg, romSi qarTve-

li elCis mimarT interesi gaizarda. igi Tbilad miiRo Te-

atrinelTa ordenis xelmZRvanelma filo maria guadaniom.

TeatinelTa xelmZRvaneloba iTvaliswinebda im garemoebas,

rom despanis Rirseuli miReba xelsayreli iqneboda saqar-

TveloSi am ordenis wevrebis moRvaweobisaTvis. `man gasca

gankarguleba, rom yvela im saxlSi, romelic Cvens ordens

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi (XIII-

XX s-is pirveli meoTxedi), III (1628-1633), Tb., 1987, gv. 130. 2 ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo _ ierusalimis urTierTobis

istoriidan, Tb., 2008. 3 TarxniSvili m., werilebi, Tb., 1994, gv. 215.

268

ekuTvnoda, elCisaTvis aRmoeCinaT guliTadi miReba da mop-

yrobodnen mas, rogorc sapatio stumars~ _ werda b. fero1.

romSi papTan da sxva maRal ierarqebTan molaparake-

bis dros nikifores Teimurazis saxeliT mouTxovia: 1. paps

TeimurazisaTvis epasuxa werilze da mas daedasturebina,

rom Teimurazs scnobda kanonier mefed; 2. papma qarTl-kaxe-

Tis mefes gaugzavnos Sendoba da miiRos igi romauli ek-

lesiis wiaRSi, rogorc kaTolike mefe; 3. papma rekomenda-

cia gauwios qarTvel mefes espaneTis mefis winaSe, rogorc

Tavis Svils; 4. papi sarekomendacio werilebs gaugzavnis

neapolis mefis nacvals, imperatorsa da reC pospolitis

mefes nikifores Sesaxeb da am ukanasknels miscems saerTo

pasports.

imis gamo, rom Teimuraz I-s kaTolikoba jer kidev ar

uRiarebia, paps ar SeeZlo nikifores yvela moTxovnaze

zusti pasuxi gaeca. roca Teimuraz mefe papis moTxovnas

daakmayofilebda, isic, Tavis mxriv, mas, rogorc kaTolike

mefes, mis samefos daumtkicebda2.

imisaTvis, raTa romSi daekmayofilebinaT Teimuraz I-

is moTxovnebi, iqaur politikosebs sakmarisad ar miaCndaT

mxolod nikifore irbaxis gakaTolikeba, isini TviT mefis

gakaTolikebas moiTxovdnen. kongregaciis sxdomaze ganixi-

les spacialurad Sedgenili ~mdivan ingolis mosazrebebi

qarTveli elCis moTxovnebze~, romelTa arsi, upirveles

yovlisa, mdgomareobda Teimuraz mefis, misTvis gagzavnili

specialuri kaTolikuri literaturiT `ganaTlebaSi~. e. i.

Teimuraz mefe, rom florenciis msoflio saeklesio krebis

gadawyvetilebaTa safuZvelze romis wminda taxts SeerTe-

boda, elCisaTvis unda gaetanebinaT wminda samociqulo

taxtis mier aRiarebuli saeklesio krebebis dabeWdili àq-

tebi~, romlebsac mefe da mis ierarqebi gaecnobodnen.

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 186. 2 iqve, gv. 189-190.

269

nikifore irbaxisaTvis Sedgenili iqna specialuri in-

struqcia, romlis mixedviTac mas, samSobloSi dabrunebis

Semdeg, kaTolcizmis sasargeblod unda emoqmeda1.

rogorc Cans, nikiforesTvis romSi, iseve, rogorc mad-

ridSi, aqtualuri iyo Teimurazis elCis rangSi misi aRireba

da Sesaferisad mopyroba. 1628 wlis 22 agvistos wm. kongrega-

cia de propaganda fides sxdomaze miiRes `zogierTi gadawyve-

tileba iberiis elCis nikifore irbaxis (italiaSi) mogzauro-

bis Sesaxeb~. sxdomis oqmis 26-e paragrafSi naTqvamia: `bolos

da bolos iberiis mefis elCis nikifores TxovniT, wm. kon-

gregaciam daadgina: pirveli _ SesaZleblad CaTvala gaeg-

zavnos werili neapolis vice-mefes, neapolis samefoSi papis

nuncios saSualebiT, nikifores saqmeebis SedarebiT iolad

mogvarebis Sesaxeb; meore, es werili gaegzavnos xsenebul

nuncios instruqciasTan erTad, romelSic mieTiTos, rom xse-

nebuli elCis pirovnebis dadasturebisaTvis moxsendes vice-

mefes, rom batoni nikifore miRebul iqna espaneTis kaTolike

mefis mier, rogorc iberiis mefis elCi, romelic espaneTSi

imyofeboda misi udidebulesobis xarjze...~2

wm. kongregacia de propaganda fidem romSi misda une-

burad Seyovnebuli nikifore ColoyaSvilis yofniT isar-

gebla da Tavisi misionerebisaTvis sasargeblo saqmis mog-

vareba ganizraxa.

* * *

kaTolike misionerebs sxvadasxva qveynebSi seriozu-

lad eSlebodaT xeli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis enis uco-

dinrobis gamo. am problemis uaryofiT Sedegs xSirad aR-

niSnavdnen saqarTveloSi moRvawe misionerebic. maTma moxSi-

rebulma vizitebma saqarTveloSi da misionerTa ricxvis

zrdis perspeqtivam dRis wesrigSi daayena misionerTa saqmi-

1 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 397-398. 2 iqve, gv. 192.

270

anobisa da adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan urTierTobis gaio-

lebis mizniT, Sesabamisi literaturis Seqmna.

propaganda fides xelmZRvanelobas Tavisi misionerebi-

saTvis qarTul-italiuri leqsikonis da, saerTod qarTuli

wignis beWdvis aucilebloba daanaxvaT nikifore irbaxis mi-

er romSi Catanilma Teimuraz mefis werilma. amasTan dakav-

SirebiT, vatikanis stambis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli akile ve-

nerio pap urban VIII- sadmi (1623-1644) `miZRvnaSi~ `qarTul-

italiuri leqsikonis~ Seqmnis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs: ni-

kifore irabxma, rom qarTveli mefis werili CamogitanaT,

verc erTma Cvenganma ver gaarCia da amitom gadavwyviteT

sxva SriftebTan erTad gavakeToT es daxvewili ulamazesi

Sriftic. iqve aRniSnulia nikifores roli da damsxurebac

am didebul saqmeSi: `mas Semdeg rac padre nikiforem romSi

yofnisas gagvacno (qarTuli _e.m.) alfaviti da mravali aTa-

si qarTuli sityva _ misionerTa sasargeblod, romlebic ga-

igzavnebodnen da gaigzavnebian saqarTveloSi, sabolood da-

ibeWda alfaviti da daviTni am leqsikonTan erTad~. sain-

tersoa, rom nikifores mier SeTavazebuli mravali aTasi

qarTuli sityvidan stefano paolinis mxolod yvelaze uf-

ro saxmari sityvebi SeurCevia1. akile venerio iqve imeds ga-

mosTqvams, rom alfaviti da leqsikoni brwyinvaled moemsa-

xureba misionerebs moTxovnilebis mixedviT2.

j. vaTeiSvilis mier vatikanis `samociqulo biblioTe-

kaSi~ moZiebuli dokumentebiTa da misi gamokvleviT, dad-

ginda, rom nikifore irbaxis avtorobiT romSi qarTulad

daibeWda kidev erTi, ara originaluri nawarmoebi, aramed

laTunuridan qarTulad Targmnili erTfurcelze dabeWdi-

li teqsti miZRvnili RvTismsoblisadmi _ `lauteranuli

litania~3.

1 leqsikonSi Sesulia 3084 qarTuli sityva. 2 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 388-389. 3 locvam saxelwodeba miiRo italiis qalaq loretodan. Ватейшви-ли Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 394.

271

amgvarad, misionerTa warmatebuli saqmianobiT dainte-

resebulma `wm. kongregacia de propaganda fides~ xelmZvane-

lebma xelsayrelad CaTvales nikifores romSi xangrZlivad

yofna (1628 w. ianvris dasasruli _ seqtembris Sua ricxve-

bi), romlisganac SeiZleboda konsultaciebis miReba leqsi-

konis Sedgenisas da mcire droSi wigni gamosacemad moamza-

des. amis gamo iyo m. TamaraSvili rom werda: `misi romaSi

didxans darCena unayofo rodi yofila. garda im saqmisa,

risTvisac iyo misuli, didad xeli Seuwyo Sedgenas qar-

Tul-italiuris leqsikonisas, romelic daibeWda romaSi

1629 w. sakmaod Seiswavla italiuri da masTanve cota qar-

Tuli aswavla stefane paolinis, romalmac nikiforesTan

erTad Sroma miiRo im leqsikonis gamocemisaTvis. nikifo-

rem didi monawileoba miiRo agreTve romaSi qarTuli stam-

bis daarsebis saqmeSi. paps da kardinalebs kargad gaacno

saqarTvelo da mouTxra Teimuraz mefis Tavgadasavali~1.

stefano paolinis mier 1629 wels romSi Sedgenili pir-

veli qarTuli wignis – qarTul-italiuri leqsikonis sati-

tuloze saTanadod aRniSnulia nikifores wvlili. naTqva-

mia, rom stefano paolinis leqsikonis SedgenaSi exmareboda

qarTveli niCeforo irbaxi, wm. basilis beri. wigni daibeWda

wminda propaganda fides kongregaciis stambaSi, misionerebis

sasargeblod2. პaolinis wignis satituloSi naTqvami ar

aris, magram pietro dela vale gvamcnobs, rom nikifores

`meSveobiT da daxmarebiT gamzadebul iqna qarTuli Srifti,

rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo wignis dabeWdva~.

romSi qarTuli wignis Sedgenasa, gamocemasa da masSi

nikifore irbaxis monawileobas, pietro dela vale don pi-

etro avitabilesaTvis saqarTveloSi gagzavnil werilSi

1 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 95. 2 wignis sruli titulia: Stefano Paolini, Dittionario Georgiano e Italiano. Composto da Stefano Paolini con l‘aiuto del M. R. Niceforo Irbachi Georgiano, Monaco di S. Basilio. Ad vso de‘Missionarii della Sagra Congregatione de Propaganda Fide. In Roma.

272

Semdegnair Sefasebas aZlevda: `baton nikifores aq yofnis

dros, misi meSveobiT da daxmarebiT gamzadebul iqna qar-

Tuli Srifti, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo wignis dabeWdva.

es, Cemi azriT, sakmaod kargad gakeTda. garda amisa, gakeT-

da patara leqsikoni am enis anbaniT sxva zogierT sakiT-

xze, romlebic qristianul doqtrinas Seexeboda. igi Sei-

cavda ZiriTad locvebs, wminda ziarebas da maTs msgavs sa-

kiTxebs. isini yvela daibeWda qarTuli enaze. rodesac be-

rebi TqvenTan Camovlen, ar daaviwydeT Tan wamouRon Tqvens

meurveobas bevri wigni. sityvani sakmaod pataraa da amitom

miT ufro ar SeiZleba ar iyos uzusto da ar Seicavdes

Secdomebs. magram es xom pirveli gamocemaa qarTuli enaze.

miT ufro imaT vinc igi gamosacemad moamzada, e. i. batonma don nikiforem, mbeWdavma da berZenma mTargmnelma [samivem]

kargad ar icodnen qarTuli ena. magram dasawyisisaTvis

esec sakmaod kargia. Tu am wigns samSobloSi gagzavnian, iq

SeuZliaT isini ukeT Seamowmon, gaasworon, Seavson da mo-

amzadon ufro srulyofilad xelaxla gamosacemad~1.

ra Tqma unda, dela vales werili Zalian sainteresoa

romSi qarTuli wignis gamocemis istoriis Sesaswavlad,

magram gaocebas iwvevs misi erTi winadadeba; ìmaT, vinc igi

gamosacemad moamzada, e. i. batonma don nikiforem, mbeWdavma

da berZenma mTargmnelma [samivem] kargad ar icodnen qarTu-

li ena~, amitom aris wignSi uzustobanio – amas wers dela

vale2. amas wers kaci, romelic piradad kargad icnobda ni-

kifores. es cnoba imitomacaa sakvirveli, rom nikifore Co-

loyaSvili, Tanamedroveebis gadmocemiT iyo poligloti,

SesaniSnavi oratori da rogor davijeroT, rom man mSob-

liuri qarTuli jerovnad ar icoda. wignis nakli, rac mas

marTlac axasiaTebs, mkvlevrebma sxvadasxvagvarad axsnes: p.

guguSvili fiqrobda, rom nikifore `leqsikonis beWdvis

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, III,

Tb., 1987, gv. 134. 2 iqve.

273

dros, raTa koreqtura gaesworebia, da, iqneb, TviT sabo-

loo teqstis sastambod momzadebis drosac, romSi ukve

aRar iyo... da, amgvarad, leqsikonSi daSvebuli Secdomebi

da damaxinjebani naklebad gamodgeba imis dasadastureb-

lad, rom nikifore irbaxma qarTuli ar icoda da rom maSa-

sadame, is viTom berZeni iyo~1. i. tabaRuas azriT, leqsikon-

Si arsebuli mravalricxovani Secdomebis arseboba, albaT,

imiT aixsneba, rom nikifores, Tavisi umTavresi davalebis

Sesruleba, e. i. diplomatiuri saqmianoba, did dros ar-

Tmevda da igi aqtiurad ver monawileobda leqsikonis Sed-

genaSi2. arn. Ciqobavas varaudiT, leqsikonze muSaobisas st.

paolini, romeliRac sityvans mihyveboda, qarTul sityvebs

ki nikiforesagan ismenda da xan italiuri transkrifciiT,

xan qarTuli asoebiT iwerda, xolo roca leqsikoni qar-

Tul anbanze gaawyo, nikifore romSi aRar imyofeboda3. T.

uTurgaiZe ki fiqrobs, rom `Secdomebi TviT leqsikonSi Se-

degia qarTul asoTa aRrevisa, rac imas unda davabraloT,

rom st. paolini leqsikonze muSaobis bolo momentSi mok-

lebuli iyo qarTuli bgerebis mosmenis saSualebas da n.

irbakis mxriv qarTul sityvaTa marTlweris kontrolsac~4.

aRniSnuli mosazrebebi gasaziarebelia, magram vfiq-

rob, nikifore, Segnebulad aridebda Tavs leqsikonze muSa-

obas, ris dasabuTebasac qvemoT Sevecdebi. manamade ki, mok-

led vityvi marTlmadidebel qveynebSi wignis beWdvis dawye-

bis religiur da politikur aspeqtebze.

1 guguSvili p., saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis ekonomikuri ganvi-

Tareba XIX-XX saukuneebSi. monografiebi, t. VII. qarTuli stambis

wigni 1629-1979, Tb., 1984, gv. 251. erT dros marTlac arsebobda Se-

xeduleba, TiTqos n. irbaxi berZeni iyo (iqve, gv. 247-259). 2 iqve, gv. 194 3 Ciqobava arn., vaTeiSvili j., pirveli qarTuli nabeWdi wigni, Tb.,

1983, gv. 10, 28 4 uTurgaiZe T., qarTuli enis Seswavlis istoria, naw. I, Tb., 1999,

gv. 32.

274

marTlmadideblobisa da kaTolicizmis dapirispirebi-

sas nabeWdma wignma gansakuTrebuli religiuri da politi-

kuri iaraRis datvrTva miiRo.

kaTolikurma eklesiam da misma sxvadasxva mimdinareo-

bebma, TavianTi ekonomikuri da teqnikuri upiratesobis Se-

degad, beWdvuri wignis gavrcelebas farTo masStabi SesZi-

nes da aRmosavleTSi TavianTi ideebis gavrcelebisaTvis

iyenebdnen. aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebi cdilobdnen igive

iaraRiT SebrZolebodnen kaTolicizms, magram amis gakeTeba

ioli saqme ar iyo. isini ZiriTadad osmaleTis imperiis Se-

madgenlobaSi iyvnen da sulTnis, misi kariskacebisa da mo-

xeleebis mkacr meTvalyureobas ganicdidnen. osmaleTis

mTavroba wignis beWdvas marTlmadideblur qveynebSi eWvis

TvaliT uyurebda da miaCndaT, rom wignis saSualebiT mar-

Tlmadidebeli eklesia, mecnierebi da mwerlebi antiosma-

lur propagandas gaswevdnen.

jer kidev XVII s. pirvel naxevarSi konstantinopolis

patriarqma kirile lukarisma konstantinopolSi daaarsa

sapatriarqos stamba. იezuitebisagan waqezebulma Turqebma

stamba mTlianad gaanadgures. amis Semdeg osmaleTis sa-

xelmwifoSi berZnuli stamba didxans aRar iyo. mxolod ie-

rusalimis patriarqma dosiTeos II-m SeZlo ierusalimis sa-

patriaრqos stambis daarseba, magram ara ierusalimSi an

konstantinopoplSi, aramed moldaveTis qalaq iasSi 1682

wels. is aseve cdilobda sastambo saqme aRorZnebuliyo

sxva marTlmadideblur qveynebSi. dosiTeosi erTsa da imave

dros iyo sxvadasxva avtorebis TxzulebaTa mTargmneli,

komentatori da gamomcemeli. mis mier gamocemuli sxvadas-

xva avtorebis wignebsa da mis originalur TxzulebebSi

mocemuli iyo kaTolicizmis da misi cnobili moRvaweebis

TxzulebaTa kritika1.

XVII s. 80-ian wlebSi, rogorc wyaroebidan Cans, patri-


riidan, gv. 103-104

275

arq dosiTeossa da qarTlis samefos moRvaweebs gadauwyve-

tiaT qarTuli wignis beWdva, magram rogorc safiqrebelia,

ara saqarTveloSi, sadac am didi saqmis ganxorcielebisaT-

vis Sesaferisi pirobebi ar iyo, aramed mis sazRvrebs ga-

reT, cnobili ar aris konkretulad sad. magram sxvadasxva

mizezebis gamo am ideam xorci ver Seisxa1.

pirveli qarTuli nabeWdi wignis gamocemas maRali Se-

faseba misca k. kekeliZem, romelic 1935 w. werda: `pirveli

wigni qarTulad... 1629 wels daibeWda. vfiqrobT, yvelasaTvis

naTelia, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda zogadad qarTuli

kulturis da kerZod mwerlobis ganviTarebisaTvis qarTuli

stambis daarsebas, romelsac 1929 wels samasi wlis Tavi Se-

usrulda: is gaxda qvakuTxedad qarTuli kulturis renesan-

sisa, romelic me-17 saukunidan iwyeba. amasTan dakavSirebiT

sayuradRebo xdeba vinaoba aRniSnuli wamowyebis iniciato-

risa saqarTveloSi. amitom istoriuli samarTlianoba moiT-

xovs dakiTxul iqnes Dyvela dResdReobiT cnobili dokumen-

ti, raTa daCrdiluli da miCqmaluli ar iqnes visime Rvawli

am diad saqmeSi~2.

k. kekeliZe is udidesi mkvlevaria, romlis damsaxu-

reba qarTuli kulturis istoriis Seswavlasa da propagan-

daSi sayovelTaod aRiarebuilia. magram mecniereba mainc

ganviTarebadia. didi mecnieri im wyaroebsa da literatu-

ras eyrdnoboda, romlebzec xeli miuwvdeboda. dReisaTvis

arsebul wyaroebi da literatura ki sxvagvari daskvnebis

gamotanis saSualebas iZleva.

pirvel rigSi unda gairkves, rogori gavlena moaxdina

romSi dabeWdilma pirvelma qarTulma wignma saqarTveloSi

kulturis ganviTarebasa da stambis daarsebis survilis ga-

Cenaze, rogor Sexvda am udidesi mniSvnelobis faqts (pir-

vel nabeWd wigns) imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoeba da, ra

Tqma unda, pirvel rigSi qarTuli mwerloba? pirveli qarTu-

1 qarTuli stambis daarsebis pirvel cdaze vrclad iqve, gv. 103-118. 2 kekeliZe k., etiudebi, II, gv. 293.

276

li nabeWdi wignis gamocemis mniSvneloba saqarTveloSi TiT-

qos imiTic unda gazrdiliyo da gaxmaurebuliyo, rom mis

gamosacemad momzadebaSi monawileoba miiRo XVII saukunis

erT-erTma popularulma qarTvelma, nikifore ColoyaSvilma.

darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am faqts saqarTve-

loSi rezonansi ar eqneboda da amdenad is gavlenas ver

moaxdenda maSindeli sazogadoebis azris formirebaze qar-

Tuli wignis saqarTveloSi beWdvis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.

jer erTi, romidan saqarTveloSi dabrunebulma nikiforem

da arc sxva vinmem saqarTveloSi darwmunebiT ar icoda,

ixila Tu ara wignma dRis sinaTle, gamoqveynda igi Tu ara,

radgan roca nikiforem romi datova wigni gamocemuli ar

iyo. is gamoica mxolod mas Semdeg, roca nikifore saqar-

TveloSi (gorSi) dabrunda (1629 w. 14 agvisto).

sainteresoa, Semovida Tu ara pirveli qarTuli nabeW-

di produqcia misi erT-erTi avtoris samSobloSi _ saqar-

TveloSi?

zogadad cnobilia, rom propaganda fide gamoqveyne-

bul literaturis erT nawils saqarTveloSi agzavnida.

1631 w. 2 maisis gadawyvetilebiT saqarTveloSi mimaval mi-

sionerebs SeeZloT Tan waeRoT propagandis stambaSi dabeW-

dili is literatura, romelic naTels xdida berZnuli ek-

lesiis Secdomebs. amgvari literaturiT, rogorc romSi

fiqrobdnen, advilad da warmatebiT moxerxdeboda qar-

TvelTa religiuri `dabneulobis~ gamomJRavneba1.

1630 w. 7 seqtembris ìnstruqciaSi~ naTqvamia, rom

sxvadasxva qveynebSi gagzavnil misionerebs yovelTvis emuq-

reba Savi Wiri da gaZarcvis saSiSroeba. iqve aRniSnulia,

rom saqarTveloSi mimavali misionerebi _ pietro avitabi-

le, jakomo stefano da nikifore irbaxi gaZarcves, maT wa-

arTves TiTqmis yvelaferi. imave ìnstruqciaSi~ pirvel na-

beWd qarTul wignebTan dakavSirebiT misionerebisadmi

Txovnaa, rom rodesac isini saqarTveloSi Cavidodnen, ad-

1 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Ук. труд, с. 400.

277

gilze SeemowmebinaT, ra Secdomebi axlda wignebs, aReniS-

naT isini da romSi gaegzavnaT, raTa Semdgom gamocemebSi

momxdariyo maTi gasworeba.

yuradRebas ipyrobs propaganda fides xelmZRvanelebis

intresi im literaturis mimarT, romelic saqarTveloSi ar-

sebobda. misionerebs daevalaT SeedginaT im wignebis sia1.

savaraudoa, qarTuli wigni, mcire tiraJiT daibeWda.

araviTari cnoba ar gagvaCnia, rom romelime misionerma isi-

ni saqarTveloSi Camoitana. m. TamaraSvils bevri uZebnia

italiur-qarTuli leqsikoni da romSi Zlivs uSovia erTi

egzemplari2, rac saeWvos xdis, rom leqsikonis Sesaxeb vin-

mem raime icoda saqarTveloSi Tundac XVIII saukunis da-

sawyisSi. arsebobs mxolod erTi sabuTi, romelic m. Tama-

raSvils unaxavs. es aris `propaganda fides~ arqivSi dacu-

li werili 1706 wlisa, romlis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi mo-

maval kapucin patrs, lavrenti milanels mouTxovia oTx-

oTxi egzemplari qarTuli leqsikoni da qarTuli kaTexizi-

si3, magram ar Cans daakmayofiles Tu ara misi moTxovna,

SesZlo Tu ara dasaxelebuli wignebis saqarTveloSi wamo-

Reba. sxva rame cnoba aRniSnuli wignebis saqarTveloSi wa-

moRebis an aseTi survilis Sesaxeb ar gagvaCnia. moyvanili

cnoba wignebis gamocemidan 80 wlis Semdeg aris dawerili.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT nikifores saqarTveloSi dabrune-

bis Semdgom cxovrebas da saqmianobas, ar gamovricxav, rom

nikifore winaaRmdegi iyo romSi gamocemuli im wignis saqar-

TveloSi gavrcelebisa, romlis satituloze aRniSnuli iyo

misi damsaxurebis Sesaxeb. qveynis saSinao saqmeebSi Caxedu-

li da mosaxleobis kaTolikobisadmi damokidebulebaSi gar-

kveuli misionerebic moeridebodnen, nikifores sicocxleSi

mainc, saqarTveloSi wignis gavrcelebiT misi reputaciis Se-

laxvas. romTan da, saerTod, kaTolikebTan urTierToba ma-

1 Там же, с. 400-401. 2 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 614. 3 iqve, gv. 305.

278

Sin karg tonad ar iTvleboda. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi ber-

Zeni samRvdeloeba, konstantinopolisa da ierusalimis sa-

patrirqoebidan miTiTebiT, mkacrad adevnebda Tvals saqar-

Tvelos xelisufebisa da Tavadaznaurobis kaTolikebTan

urTierTobas da garkveulad reagirebdnen kidec, risi dama-

dasturebeli mravali magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba.

nikifore irbaxis samSobloSi dabruneba

urban VIII-is mier sxvadasxva qveynis _ Sveciis, saf-

rangeTis, ungreTis, bohemiisa da reC pospolitis _ meTau-

rebTan sarekomendacio werilebiT aRWurvili nikifore ro-

midan samSoblosken gamoemarTa. misi mogzaurobis Sesaxeb

gvaqvs zogierTi cnoba.

arqanjelo lambertis mixedviT, ìtaliaSi mogzauro-

bis dros nikifore moamarages werilebiT _ es gaakeTa mis-

ma uwarCinebulesobam papma da aseve barberinim. am werile-

bis meSveobiT igi yvelgan miiRes didi pativiT, gansakuTre-

biT ki toskanasa da mantuas hercogma... igi yvelgan zeimiT

iyo miRebuli, rogoriTac movalenni arian xolme miiRon

samefo elCebi~1

sruliad sawinaaRmdegos gvamcnobs m. TarxniSvili

isev italiur wyaroebze dayrdnobiT. 1628 wlis 11 agvistos

nikifore neapolSi gaemgzavra, saidanac 19 seqtembers, 27

seqtembers Sexvda vice mefes, romelmac, nikifores sityviT,

is civad miiRo. nikifore romSi dabrunda, sadac papisgan

miiRo 50 skudo da sarekomendacio werili im mefeebisadmi,

romelTa samflobeloebzec unda gaevlo da romidan flo-

renciaSi wavida. nikifore TeatinelebTan gaCerda. papis

nunciom is kargad miiRo, magram ara rogorc elCi. nuncio

daexmara Sexvedroda florenciis hercogs, vice hercogs,

mis cols da kardinal mediCis. man daaTvaliera qalaqi.


279

hercogma mas saCuqrad gadasca mravali relikvia da sxv.

imave wlis 29 dekembers nikifore daadga avstriisa da reC

pospolitis gzas, sadac Sexvda imperatorsa da mefes. 1629

wlis 14 aprils nikiforem reC pospolita datova1.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs nikifores yofna

da saqmianoba reC pospolitaSi, saidanac gvaqvs erTmaneTis

sawinaaRmdego cnobebi. 1629 w. 14 aprils, rodesac nikifo-

rem varSava datova, imave dRes selevkiis2 (?) arqiepiskopos-

ma romSi gagzavna werili, romelSic mocemulia nikifores

mimarT gamoCenili yuradRebisa, misi moTxovnebisa da sur-

vilebis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. werilSi vkiTxulobT: àq

movida mama nikifore irbaxi, qarTveli. rogorc ki Sematyo-

bina Camosvlis ambavi, mis wamosayvanad Cemi binidan maSinve

ramdenime kaci gavagzavne etlebiT, radgan aqedan cota

Sors damdgariyo. mama nikifore CvenTan davabinave da Tava-

zianoba da siyvaruliT savse maspinZloba ar mogviklia mis-

Tvis. Sevaxvedre mis didebulebas, Tan gavayole pativsacemi

xalxi da gavagzavne yvela mTavar moxelesTan, visTanac

Sexvedra da saubari surda. gamgzavrebisas miveciT sagza-

li da etli ramdenime dRiT. vecade, wminda kongregaciis

survilebisaTvis mepasuxa; maT gamomigzavnes sarekomenda-

cio werili. rogorc Cans, CemiT kmayofili gaemgzavra, rad-

gan aq yofnisas wm. kongregaciidan ganuwyvetliv iRebda

wyalobasa da pativiscemas da gansakuTrebiT krZalviT ix-

seniebda Tqvengan miRebul wyalobebs. roca miemgzavreboda

damitova damtebiTi werilebi, romlebsac Cems sxva weri-

lebTan erTad gigzavniT~3.

varSavis arqiepiskoposis werilis Sinaarsis sawinaaR-

mdego informacias vnaxulobT wm. kongregaciis varSaveli

nuncios werilidan. masSi gadmocemulia nikifores kaToli-

1 TarxniSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 368. 2 es aris varSavis arqiepiskoposi saloniki. TarxniSvili m., Tar-

xniSvili m., Teatineli mociqulebi saqarTveloSi. gv. 363. 3 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 562, Sen.

3.

280

kesaTvis Seuferebel da uRirs moqmedebaze imave qalaqSi.

papis nuncio romSi acnobebda: `me mgonia, rom araa saWiro

gaCumeba imis Sesaxeb, rac CemTvis amaswinaT gaxda cnobili:

am mamam Tavis Tavze cudi saxeli datova qalaqSi, vinaidan

amboben, rom man misca xelosnebs wmindanebis relikviebi,

agnus dei1, medlebi _ yovelive es sxvadasxva sagnebze gac-

vala2; cvlida wmindanTa gamosaxulebebs da Zvirfas sag-

nebs sxva sagnebze da suraTebze... erT-erTi somxisa da gaq-

ristianebuli ebraelis daxmarebiT; da fiqroben, rom isini

waiyvana Tan. isini wavidnen saidumlod da datoves didi va-

li... mokled, es yvelaferi SesaZlebelia exeba ara mas, ara-

med mis msaxurebs~. imave werilze miwerili yofila sxva

xeliT: `rom is (nikifore) cud rameebs ambobda uniatebze.

sul ar undoda maT Sexvedroda; mitropolitma rutskim ga-

moTqva sinanuli, rom ar mieca SesaZlebloba masTan daedo

samokavSireo SeTanxmeba. is wavida~3.

aris imis Tqmis safuZveli, rom nikiforem, samSoblo-

Si dabrunebamde, gzaSive uaryo kaTolikoba. sxva riT unda

aixsnas misi saqcieli varSavaSi, sadac is aZagebda uniatebs

da uari Tqva maTTan Sexvedraze? iqve, sxvadasxva sagnebze

gadacvala florenciis erchercogis mier naCuqari relikvi-

ebi, wmindanTa gamosaxulebebi da saeklesio sagnebi.

1 RvTis angelozi. 2 iTqva, rom nikifore madrididan Zvirfasi saCuqrebiT gamoistun-

res. kerZod, 1627 wlis 11 noembers espaneTis saxelmwifo sabWom

ganixila nikifores saqarTveloSi dabrunebis sakiTxi da don av-

gustin mesias winadadebiT gadawyvita, rom qarTveli elCis gam-

gzavrebis win, don xuan de vinsensio mefis saxeliT, saxelmwifos

sabWos Senobis win moedanze, nikifores sajarod gadascemda saCu-

qars: 2 aTasi dukatis Rirebul oqros jaWvs (luis xili fernan-

desi l. x., tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 464, dok., 68; gv. 470, dok.

#74). i. tabaRuasTan oqros jaWvis magier oqros furRuli anu

margalitis yelsabamia (tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 178). rogorc

Cans, nikifore mogzaurobis dros zemoT CamoTvlili sxvadasxva

sagnebiTac dausaCuqrebiaT. 3 TarxniSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 369.

281

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom nikifore iseve Cumad daubrunda

marTlmadideblobas, rogorc Cumad, politikuri mosazrebiT,

iZulebiT `ganudga~. igi ise wavida am qveynidan, rom misi am

moqmedebis Sesaxeb qarTvelTagan aravin icoda. rogorc cno-

bilia is didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ierusalimis qarTuli

jvris monastris iRumeni (jvarismama) iyo. is am rangSi gaem-

gzavra dasavleT evropaSi da iqidan dabrunebis Semdegac Sei-

narCuna es Tanamdeboba. nikifores arakeTilmosurneebs (aseTi

mas sakmaod hyavda) misi cdomileba rom scodnodaT, ar dama-

lavdnen da qveyanas gaagebinebdnen. misi loialuri damokide-

buleba saqarTveloSi moRvawe kaTolike patrebisadmi, unda

aixsnas rogorc diplomatis pragmatuli azrovnebis nayofi,

diplomatisa, romelic patrebTan kargi urTierTobiT cdi-

lobda Tundac susti kavSiri mainc SeenarCunebina romTan da,

am ukanasknelis saSualebiT, dasavleT evropasTan.

ganxeTqileba Teimurazsa da nikifores Soris

nikifore ColoyaSvilis, rogorc politikosis da dip-

lomatis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobaze, TiTqmis araferi vi-

ciT. am mniSvnelovani pirovnebis saqmianoba XVII saukunis

did monakveTSi reliefurad ar Cans da, albaT, ver gamoC-

ndeba aucilebeli qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis gareSe,

romlebic, SeiZleba iTqvas, saerTod ar gagvaCnia. amitom

nikifores moRvaweobis am mxareze msjeloba, ZiriTadad, va-

raudebzea agebuli.

xelcarieli nikifores samSobloSi dabrunebis Sem-

deg, Teimurazs evropis saxelmwifoebisa da papis mimarT

guneba-ganwyobileba Seecvala, rac mefis nikiforesTan Sem-

dgom urTierTobazec aisaxa. am mosazrebis damadasturebe-

li unda iyos 1628 wlis 5 ianvris mefis mier wm. kongrega-

cia de propaganda fidesaTvis gagzavnil werilSi gamoT-

qmuli survili, rom mas ganzraxuli aqvs romSi Tavis el-

Cad gagzavnos ara nikifore, aramed kaTolike misioneri. Te-

282

imurazi paps acnobebs: don jakomo di stefanos `Tqvens ma-

Ral didebulebasTan gamovgzavniT, sityvieri dapirebiTa

da pativiscemiT vauwyebT, avuxsniT da davudasturebT

Tqvens meufeobriv uwmindesobas, Tu rogoraa saqmeebi Cvens

qveyanaSi~1. aseve friad sayuradReboa arqanjelo lambertis

erTi cnoba, romelic Cawerili unda iyos 1631 wlis maisis

TveSi. 12 maiss gorSi movidnen arqanjelo lamberti da ju-

zepe judiCe. misionerebi ori dRis Semdeg mefe Teimurazs

ewvivnen safurcleSi (aragvis piras), sadac mefe Teimurazi

imereTis mefe aleqsandres eloda, raTa misTvis Tavisi daq-

vrivebuli asuli, zurab erisTavis nacolari, darejani mi-

eTxovebina. safurcleSi mivida samefos Tavadaznauroba, ka-

Talikosi da eklesiis yvela ierarqi, magram iq ar iyo niki-

fore ColoyaSvili2. nikifore ar daswrebia arc judiCes

da lambertis mefesTan miRebas3. manamde nikifores gareSe

amgvari arc erTi RonisZieba ar tardeboda.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom dasaxelebul misione-

rebs romidan gamoatanes sarekomendacio werili nikifores-

Tan, raTa mas misionerebisaTvis jerovani daxmareba aRmoe-

Cina4. misionerebma mefes papisa da `propaganda de fides~

werilebi gadasces.

audienciis dros misionerebma, albaT, gaixsenes Teimu-

razis mier papTan gagzavnili werili, romliTac igi kaTo-

likuri eklesiis meTauris uzenaesobas aRiarebda da paps

mefed damtkicebas sTxovda: `Cvenc Cvenis mxriT gpirdebiT

morCilebas da pativiscemas... mxolod Tqveni qveSevrdomni

varT, rac gnebavT, gvibrZaneT da yvelafers aRvasrulebT...

mRvdeli nikifore mogarTmevsT am werils, romelic aRvwe-

reT Zriel martivad~5 _ naTqvami iyo nikifores mier papi-

saTvis mirRmeul Teimuraz mefis sigelis `TargmanSi~.

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 205-206. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa..., gv. 111-112.. 3 iqve, gv. 114. 4 iqve, gv. 115. 5 iqve, gv. 94.

283

misionerebma, mosalodnelia, aRniSnuli werilis asli

Tan moitanes saaqarTveloSi, radgan misi Sinaarsidan ga-

momdinare, mefes garkveuli pasuxismgebloba ekisreboda pa-

pisa da misi warmomadgenlebis – misionerebis winaSe. mefem

uaryo amgvari werilis papTan gagzavna da ganacxada: me ma-

gisTana werili papisaTvis ar mimiweria da misionerebs ag-

rZnobina, SeiZleba is nikiforem SeTxza da amdenad me ara-

viTari pasuxismgebloba ar mekisrebao. arqanjelo lam-

berti Semdegnairad gadmogvcems mefis pasuxs: `SeiZleba kac-

ma eWvi Seitanos, rom namdvili misi (Teimuraz I _ e.m.) dawe-

rili iyos, radgan rodesac Cven mivediT saqarTveloSi da

gadaveciT papis wignebi, man cxadad uarhyo, papisaTvis ara-

sodes mimiweria wigni... ver davijereb, _ wers arqanjelo

lamberti, _ rom nikifores is wigni gaeyalbebinos, radgan

masTan aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi daaxloebuli viyav da dav-

rwmundi, rom igi iyo gulwrfeli, wynari Tavis saqmeSi da

yovlad mtkice romis mRvdelmTavrisadmi pativiscemaSi~1.

Teimurazs, rogorc Cans, moraluri ufleba hqonda

brali daedo nikiforesaTvis mefis davalebebis espaneTis

mefis sasaxlemde da romis papis kuriamde arasworad mita-

nis Sesaxeb. nikifores mier Sedgenil werilebsa da mefis

mier gatanebul sigelebs Soris (maTi laTinuri da itali-

uri Targmanebi cnobilia) seriozuli Sinaarsobrivi gan-

sxvavebaa, rac ukve aRiniSna.

nikifore samSobloSi sxva gziT dabrunda. rogorc g.

akofaSvili aRniSnavda, nikiforem `nakleb saxifaTo da,

rac mTavaria, politikuri TvalsazrisiT didაd mosaxerxe-beli gza airCia... amrigad, italiidan nikoloz ColoyaSvi-

li CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT wavida, gadalaxa ra alpebi,

e. w. `წminda romis imperiaSi aRmoCnda... germaniaze gavliT

nikolozi litva-reC pospolitis samefoSi Cavida, xolo

litvidan ruseTSi gadasula da moskovSic yofila~2.

1 iqve, gv. 94-95, 614. Sdr. tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 188-189. 2 akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati..., gv. 48. 1639 wels nikoloz-

ma odiSis samTavroSi myof rus elCebs Teodote elCinsa da pav-

284

gvaqvs sxva mokle, magram uaRresad saintereso cnoba

saqarTveloSi (gorSi) moRvawe kaTolike misioneris don pi-

etro avitabilesi, romelic nikifores moqmedebas romSi

sruliad sxva kuTxiT warmoaCens da naTels xdis Teimuraz

mefis Tavisi diplomatisadmi ukmayofilebis mizezs.

vidre werils gavecnobodeT manamde aucileblad unda

iTqvas Semdegi: Cvens winaSea erTi werili, romelic garkve-

uli mizezebis gamo, romelTa Sesaxeb qvemoT iTqmeva,

mkvlevrebs or werilad miaCniaT. erTs aTariReben 1629

wlis 22 oqtombriT, meores ki, 1630 wlis 22 oqtombriT. mag-

ram es TariRi, werilis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, eWvs iw-

vevs. vfiqrob, meore werilis TariRi (1630 w. 22 oqtomberi)

mcdaria da es òrive~ werili dawerilia erTsa da imave

dros _ 1629 wlis 22 oqtombers. `pirveli~ werili `meores-

Tan~ SedarebiT vrcelia. masSi aRniSnulia ram ubiZga avi-

tabiles saswrafod gaegzavna werili TeatinelTa ordenis

generlisaTvis romSi. avitabile wers: àmJamad gorSi imyo-

feba niCeforo-beri, romelic gasul wels Cveni mxridan

(gori _ e.m.) wasuli, isev dabrunda Cvens mxareSi; is movida

imitom, rom gaagzavnos is, vinc mowyalebas ezideba saqar-

Tvelodan ierusalimSi. is miemgzavreba xval dilas gaTene-

bisas. xsenebuli niCeforo mas atans werilebs romSi ramde-

nime siniorisaTvis da me visargeble am kargi xelsayreli

le zaxarins ganucxada, rom is TiTqos ocdaaTi weli ierusalim-

Si imyofeboda, ierusalimidan germaniaSi da litvaSi iyo, litvi-

dan gadavida moskovSi, sadac moinaxula moskovisa da sruliad

ruseTis patriarqi filareti da sruliad ruseTis xelmwife da

didi mTavari mixeil Tedores Ze, magram, rogorc p. zaxarini Se-

niSnavs, nikifores ar uTqvams romel wels imyofeboda moskovSi

(Белокуров С. А., Материалы для Русской истории, М., 188, с. 373). rusi elCebis naTqvamze dayrdnobiT g. Jordaniam da z. gamezardaSvilma

gamoTqves varaudi, rom nikiforem SeiZleba ruseTSi imogzaura sa-

megreloSi yofnis Jams (Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 418). magram mkvlevarTa amgvari varaudi, rogorc winamdebare naS-

romidanac gamoCndeba, ar jdeba nikifores mier samegreloს mTav-

ris karze cxovrebis qronikaSi.

285

SemTxveviT, raTa mivwero Tqvens usamRvdeloseobas da Tqve-

ni saxiT _ yvela danarCen Cvens sayvarel mamasa da Zmas~1.

werilSi Semdeg aRniSnulia, rom nikifore ise dabrunda

romidan, rom misionerebisaTvis gankuTvnili werilebi ar

moitana da ganacxada, rom werilebi konstantinopolSi Ca-

moarTves2. avitabile ver malavs Tavis gaocebas nikifores

codnis gamo TeatinelTa ordenis Sesaxeb. iseTi dawvrile-

biT mogviTxro Cvens ordenze, rom Tavdapirvelad is Cveni

erT-erTi beri gvegonao _ wers avitabile.

aucileblad unda gamaxvildes yuradReba nikifores

naTqvamze, rom mas misionerebisaTvis romidan gatanebuli we-

rilebi konstantinopolSi CamoarTves. es faqti sxva cnobi-

Tac dasturdeba da nikiforesadmi amgvari mopyrobis zogi-

erTi iniciatoric da monawilec cnobilia. magram es faqti

sxva mxrivac ipyrobs yuradRebas. wyaroebi ar aRniSnavs ni-

kifores mier sxva, im dokumentebis dakargvaze, romlebic

mas espaneTidan da romidan mohqonda. Aavitabile, nikifore

irbaxis mier romSi gagzavnili werilis minawerSi aRniSnavs,

rom nikiforem papis werili Teimuraz mefes miarTva3. Cans

nikifores konstantinopolSi yvela werili ar CamoarTves,

albaT, maT sxvadasxva adgilas inaxavda. amitom iyo, rom Te-

imuraz mefe nikifores sityvier informacias unda dayrdno-

boda, rac Semdeg maT Soris gaugebrobis mizezi gaxda.

Aavitabile imasac aRniSnavs, rom meore dRes (23 oq-

tomberi) nikifore gaemgzavra mefe TeimurazTan, raTa moeT-

xro is, rac moimoqmedes papma da Teatinelma berebma Teimu-

razis pativiscemisaTvis misi elCis _ nikifore irbaxis

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 687. 2 konstantinopolis sapatriarqos uaryofiT damokidebulebaze ka-

Tolike misionerebis mimarT aRniSnulia avitabiles werilSi, ro-

melic gaugzavna wm. propaganda fides kongregaciis~ mdivans. iqve,

gv. 413. 3 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 414

286

romSi yofnis periodSi1. avitabile iqve wers, rom `nikifo-

re maCqarebs, radgan misi kaci ukve miemgzavreba~, magram ar

uTiTebs, ras moiTxovda nikifore misgan2.

axla gavecnoT `meore~ werils, romelsac avitabile

TiTqos 1630 wlis 22 oqtombers wers: `batoni niCeforo im

kacTan erTad iyo, romelic unda wavides wminda miwaze, uk-

ve gaemgzavra, mas ar SeeZlo dalodeboda sarekomendacio

werils, romelic misTvis unda gamemzadebina baton kon-

sulTan (warsadgenad _ e.m.) alepoSi; magram man CemTan da-

tova msaxuri, romelic xval gaemgzavreba, CemTan Semoiv-

lis. Tqvens usamRvdeloesobas vTxov gadasceT im batonebs

[wminda kongregaciidan3], rom niCeferom isini SecdomaSi Se-iyvana, man zustad ar mouTxro (mefis _e.m.) werili ise, ro-

gorc unda gaekeTebina Tarjimans; rodesac vekiTxebodiT,

rogor unda moiqces (nikifore _ e. n.), yovelTvis gaurkve-

1 avitabile imave weriliT romSi acnobebs, rogor gaWirvebul

mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen gorSi misionerebi nikifores evropi-

dan dabrunebamde. avitabile wers: àq (gorSi _ e. m.) RvTis SewevniT

mosvlis Semdeg, iseT ukidures gaWirvebaSi aRmovCndiT, rom amis

warmodgenac ki Znelia. Cven aqamomde gauxdelad gvZinavs miwaze, ga-

fenil tyavze, ficrebis gareSe. aseTia Cveni sawoli. sicivisagan

rom ar davixocoT, tyeSi davdivar SeSisaTvis, mdinareze perangis

gasarecxad, mindorSi mwvanilis mosakrebad, raTa vikveboT. amgvari

cxovrebiT vcxovrobT, vimyofebiT ra uares mdgomareobaSi, vidre

movelodiT, magram guls srulebiTac ar vitexT. samwuxaroa rom

ar SegviZlia enis Seswavla daviwyoT, raTa im saqmes SevudgeT, ris-

Tvisac RmerTma aq gamogvamwesa; magram Cven amiTic sruliad kmayo-

filni varT, radgan viciT, rom amgvarad vemsaxurebiT uzenaess.

vcxovrobT ra amgvar gaWirvebaSi da vxedavT, rom saarsebo ara

gvaqvs, daviwyeT mowyalebis moTxovna, magram avadmyofebisagan mkur-

nalobis safasurs ki ar viTxovT, aramed viCenT gulmowyalebas

RvTis siyvaruliT, imedi gvaqvs, rom RmerTi maT gulebSi gaaCens

Cvens mimarT TanagrZnobas, raTa mowyalebis saxiT mogvcen puri an

sxva raime~ (Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 509-510). 2 Там же, с. 510 3 safiqrebelia, wm. kongregacia nikifores moqmedebaze acnobeb-

dnen espaneTis xelisuflebasac.

287

vel pasuxs iZleoda. eWvgareSea, rom mas saukeTeso zraxve-

bi aqvs, da msjelobis ostatia. me moxerxebulad vaTqmevine,

rom is werili, romelic man Cvens mbrZanebels Tavisi mefis saxeliT warudgina, [sinamdvileSi] TviTon dawera ierusa-

limSi, misi nebarTvis gareSe~1.

vfiqrob, Cvens winaSea ara ori, aramed erTi werili

da ai ratom:

1. meore werils ara hyavs adresati, magram misi Sina-

arsidan Cans, rom isic, pirvelis msgavsad, imave ordenis

generlisTvis aris gankuTvnili;

2. igi pirvelis gagrZelebaa da ara erTi wlis Semdeg,

1630 wels, dawerili. amaze miuTiTebs orive werilis Sina-

arsi;

3. nikifore ColoyaSvili axali dabrunebuli evropi-

dan, òrivejer~ (sinamdvileSi erTxel) erTi mizniT mivida

gorSi: gaagzavnos Tavisi kaci ierusalimSi.

4. nikifore aCqarebs avitabiles dauweros mis kacs sare-

komendacio werili, rasac misioneri, savaraudoa drois sim-

ciris gamo ver aswrebs. nikifore da misi Tanmxlebi veRar

elodebian, amitom (`meore~ werilis mixedviT) nikiforem avi-

tabilesTan gorSi dastova Tavisi msaxuri, romelic sareko-

mendacio baraTs meore dRes wauRebda ierusalimSi mimavals.

5. avitabilem, rogorc pirveli werilidan irkveva, sa-

rekomendacio baraTTan erTad Tavisi werilebic gaatana ie-

rusalimSi mimaval kacs2.

6. ordenis generlisaTvis gankuTvnil werils avitabi-

lem, postskriptumis saxiT, miawera is, rac g. Jordanias me-

ore werilad miaCnda.

7. TiTqmis erTnairia agebulebiTa da stiliT nikifo-

re ColoyaSvilisa da avitabiles 1629 wlis 22 oqtombris

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 690. Seadare imave weri-lis rusuli Targmani, gv. 512-513. 2 erT-erTi werili daTariRebulia imave 1629 wlis 22 oqtombrT.

ix. iqve, gv. 413-414.

288

werilebi1. eWvgareSea, orive dawerilia avitabiles mier. ni-

kifores werils aqvs iseTive minaweri (komentari), rogoric

avitabiles werils, romelSic laparakia nikifores aras-

wor moqmedebaze romSi. nikifores werilis minawerSic av-

tori (Cemi azriT, avitabile) adresatisaTvis ganmartavs ni-

kifores saqarTvelosaken mgzavrobis dros konstantino-

polSi gancdil usiamovnebas, misi saqarTveloSi dabrune-

bis Semdegdroindel saqmianobas da am moqmedebis mosalod-

nel Sedegebs2.

8. dabolos, avitabile 1630 wlis 22 oqtombers gorSi

ver dawerda werils Tundac imitom, rom igi 3 agvistos me-

fe Teimurazisa da kaTalikos zaqarias werilebiT goridan

romSi gaemgzavra.

avitabiles werilidan, amjerad, sainteresoa is adgi-

li, sadac aRniSnulia nikifores mier romsa da madridSi

Teimurazis werilebis Sinaarsis arasworad gadacema, rac

Teimuraz mefesa da nikifore ColoyaSvils Soris ganxeTqi-

lebis kidev erTi mizezi unda gamxdariyo.

`ramdenadac cnobilia, _ werda T. tivaZe, _ elCs, rome-

li qveynis warmomadgenelic ar unda iyos igi, kategoriu-

lad ekrZaleba ase radikalurad, TviTneburad, gaemrudebina

Tavisi mTavrobis mier SemuSavebuli kursi, ra viTarebiTac

ar unda yofiliyo igi gapirobebuli da ra pirobebic ar un-

da daxvedroda mas im qveyanaSi, romelSiac igi iqneboda miv-

lenili. gamodis, rom an Teimurazs da mis Tanamoazreebs

warmodgena ar hqondaT espaneTis saerTaSoriso miznebze

(kerZod, osmaleTTan damokidebulebis Taobaze) an saqarTve-

los mesveurTaTvis imJamad imdenad aucilebeli iyo vis wi-

naaRmdeg sabrZolvelad miimxrobdnen espaneTsa da roms.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, unda vivaraudoT, rom irbaxs sagangebo

uflebebi hqonda miniWebuli _ emoqmeda adgilze Casvlisas

Tavis Sexedulebisamebr. Tu gavixsenebT, rom Tanamedrove

1 iqve, gv. 413-414. 2 iqve, gv. 414.

289

ucxoelebi Teimuraziseul werils papisadmi nikifores mier

dawerilad miiCnevdnen, xolo beWeds _ nayalbevad, Cveni va-

raudi mTlad usafuZvlo ar gamoCndeba~1. zemoT ukve iTqva,

rom nikifores mefisagan miniWebuli hqonda ufleba adgilze

emeqmeda Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr, magram, safiqralia, rom am

Tavisuflebas ar unda gamoewvia mefis mier micemuli dava-

lebis sruliad Secvla da misi morgeba (mefis saxeliT) es-

paneTisa da romis interesebisaTvis, rac, rogorc maSindeli

sabuTebidan Cans, nikiforem madridsa da romSi, SeiZleba, vi-

Racebis CagonebiT, an Tavisi iniciativiT moimoqmeda.

T. tivaZis SefasebiT, marTalia, nikifores elCobis

Sedegad qarTl-kaxeTis samefom daxmareba ver miiRo evropi-

dan, magram elCobis Sedegebi mainc dadebiTad unda Sefas-

des. `saqarTvelos politikosebi ar elodnen teritoriu-

lad ase daSorebiT myofi qveynebisagan qmediT daxmarebas.

umTavresi mizani Teimurazisa mainc saerTaSoriso aRiare-bis miRweva unda yofil;iyo. amiT igi orive agresoris _

iranisa da osmaleTis daSinebas cdilobda~2.

nikifore ColoyaSvilis elCobis umTavres miznad g.

Jordania aseve qarTl-kaxeTis samefos saerTaSoriso aRia-

rebas miiCnevda: `mTavari amocana, romelsac Teimurazi am

diplomatiuri aqciebis winaSe ayenebda, iyo qarTl-kaxeTis

samefos sagareo diplomatiuri izolaciidan gamoyvana da

misi daaxloveba dasavleTis saxelmwifoebTan, upirveles

1 tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, Tb., 1990, gv. 65.

g. Jordania, romelic kargad icnobda Teimuraz mefis mier nikifo-

resaTvis gatanebul sigelebs, espaneTis mefisa da romis papisaT-

vis gankuTvnili werilebis da madridsa da romSi wardgenili we-

rilebis Targmanebis Sinaarss, is mainc ambobda, rom nikiforem

TviTneburad ki ar Secvala maTi Sinaarsi, aramed eyrdnoboda Te-

imurazis weril-nimuSebs (Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 59). rogorc don pietro avitabiles werilidan, agreTve TviT Tei-

muraz mefis werilebisa da maTi Targmanebis Sedareba amgvari

daskvnis saSualebas ar iZleva.. 2 iqve. xazgasma T. tivaZisa.

290

yovlisa ki, espaneTTan da papobasTan. pirveli maTgani, espa-

neTi, Tavisi mfarvelobiT, axlad SeZenili vasalur saxel-

mwifos, meore, papoba ki, Teimurazis samefo Rirsebis aRia-

rebiT, Teimurazs Seiyvandnen dasavleTis qristianuli sa-

xelmwifoebis TanamegobrobaSi da ganamtkicebdnen mis saer-

TaSoriso avtoritets~1.

Znelia am daskvnebis gaziareba: Teimuraz I-s, maSinde-

li saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo mdgomareobis gaTva-

liswinebiT, saeWvoa, amgvari ZviradRirebuli da saxifaTo

diplomatiuri TamaSi wamoewyo. vinmes dasaSineblad gamiz-

nul politikur-diplomatiur aqcias ki ar asaidumloeb-

dnen xolme, aramed, piriqiT, farTo rezonanss aZlevdnen.

nikifores mTeli elCoba ki saidumloebis safarvelqveS

mimdinareobda. Teimuraz I espaneTis mefes pirdapir sTxov-

da, rom espaneTi Tu mxars ar dauWerda mis gegmas, maSin

`yovelive es saidumlod Seenaxa~2. madridSi samefo sabWo-

ze, Teimurazis saTxovris ganxilvisasac xazi gaesva mola-

parakebis gasaidumloebis aucileblobas, romelsac katego-

riulad moiTxovda qarTveli mefe. `saxeldobr imis Taoba-

ze, rac Seexeba (Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad xelsayrel)

viTarebas, drosa da moqmedebis Tanmimdevrobas, yovelive

es daculi unda iyos rogorc udidesi mniSvnelobis sai-

dumloeba, radgan saqme exeba bevri qristianis yofna-ar-

yofnasa da araerTi provinciis Tu samefos daRupvasa an

aRdgenas. elCs Tavisi mefisagan akrZaluli aqvs vinmesTan,

vinc unda iyos, imsjelos am saqmeze, garda Tqveni samefo

udidebulesobisa, da im pirobiT, visac Tqveni didebuleba

zedmiwevniT endoba~3. am elCobis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxda

mxolod mis dasasruls, konstantinopolSi.

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 56. 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 153, 156 3 vaTeiSvili j., nikifore irbaxis nakvalevze. qarTveli despani

espaneTSi XVII s-is pirveli mesamedis damlevs. gaz. `komunisti~,

#75.

291

zemoT moxmobili orive (T. tivaZis da g. Jordanias) mo-

sazreba, garkveul wilad, sworia. qarTl-kaxeTis mefis sur-

vili, mis samefos moepovebina saerTaSoriso aRireba da av-

toriteti, bunebrivia, Teimurazis Soreuli ocneba iqneboda.

magram nikifores elCobis winaSe dayenebuli amocana, maSin-

deli saqarTvelos, kerZod, qarTl-kaxeTis gadarCena iyo.

amaze metyvelebs elCobis gagzavnis win, misi msvlelobisa

da Semdgomi periodis, mdgomareoba. Teimurazs Tavisi saxel-

mwifos garantirebuli dacva undoda. igi xelsayrelad miiC-

nevda espaneT-iranis dapirispirebas da espaneTSi potenciur

mokavSires xedavda. papi ki, avtoritetuli figura iyo qris-

tianul samyaroSi. maSin, rodesac romi misionerebis saSua-

lebiT cdilobda Tavisi gavlena gaevrcelebina saqarTvelo-

ze, papis mxardaWeris mopoveba TiTqos realuri Canda.

davubrundeT T. tivaZis da g. Jordanias mosazrebas,

rom Teimurazs Tavisi samefos da xelisuflebis saerTaSo-

riso aRiareba undodao. Tu Teimurazi mxolod saerTaSo-

riso aRiarebis mopovebas cdilobda, maSin mis am survils

ra eRobeboda? cnobili istoriuli wyaroebidan Cans, rom

espaneTis mTavrobam Tavdapirvelad, vidre laparaki iyo

mxolod megobrobasa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos espaneTis

taxtis mimarT qveSevrdomobaze, dazverviTi xasiaTis nabi-

jebis gadadgmac ki ganizraxa. savaraudoa, rodesac cnobi-

li gaxda (gavixsenoT, don pietro avitabiles sityvebi:

Tqvens usamRvdeloesobas vTxov gadasceT im batonebs [wmin-

da kongregaciidan1], rom niCeferom isini SecdomaSi Seiyva-

na, man zustad ar mouTxro (mefis _ e.m.) werili ise, ro-

gorc unda gaekeTebina Tarjimans~) qarTveli politikose-

bis namdvili zraxvebi da isic, rom nikifores mier wardge-

nili werilebis TargmanSi arasworad iyo gadmocemuli mi-

si mefis survilebi, rac TviTon Teimuraz mefem (werili me

ar damiweriao) da nikifore ColoyaSvilma gaaxmovanes misi-

1 safiqrebelia, wm. kongregacia nikfores moqmedebaze acnobebdnen

espaneTis xelisuflebasac.

292

onerebTan saubarSi. amis Semdeg espaneTis mTavrobam Tavi

Seikava urTierTobis Semdgom gagrZelebaze.

rac Seexeba, romTan kavSirs, TeimurazisTvis Tu mTava-

ri papis mier da misi saSualebiT saerTaSoriso aRiareba

iyo, xels ra uSlida? evropis qveynebisagan aRiarebis sanac-

vlod, papi sruliad gasagebad, mikibv-mokibvis gareSe, misgan

da misi qveSevrdomebisagan kaTolicizmze gadasvlas moiT-

xovda, razec Teimurazma diplomatiuri uari uTxra. amis

Semdeg isic, sxva qarTvel xelisufalTa msgavsad, paps mxo-

lod eqimebsa da xelosnebs sTxovda.

sainteresoa, rogor gaigo mefem nikifores mier misi

politikuri da religiuri mrwamsis evropaSi arasworad

wardgenis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxis gasarkvevad araviTari pirda-

piri cnoba ar gagavaCnia da amitom Cemi msjeloba ZiriTa-

dad logikuri iqneba.

pirvel rigSi safiqrebelia, rom nikiforem Tavad mo-

uTxro Teimurazs ratom gaxda madridSi iZulebuli antii-

ranuli koaliciis Seqmnis idea Seecvala antiosmaluri ko-

aliciis Seqmnis ideiT. rogorc Cans, nikifores mier mad-

ridSi wardgenili antiosmaluri proeqtis Sesaxeb cnobili

gaxda konstantinopolSi da igi amis gamo xifaTs Zlivs ga-

daurCa. nikifore romSi swerda, rom èpiskoposma metimim

konstantinopolSi Cemze dasabezRebeli werili gaugzavna

patriarq kiriles, TiTqos me iq (ar Cans sad: konstantino-

polSi? romSi? madridSi? – e. m.) vawarmoebdi molaparakebas

sulTnis winaaRmdeg; ase rom mxolod romaul-kaTolikuri

eklesiis locvebiT gadavrCi~1. irbaxis mier konstantino-

polSi gadatanil did usiamovnebaze ufro vrcel informa-

cias agzavnis romSi don pietro avitabile misive werilis

minawerSi: `mgzavrobis dros da konstantinopolSi mas (ni-

kifore _e.m.) didi usiamovneba hqonda Zma diakon malmatu-

rosgan, romelic mas Tanamgzavrad gamoayoles; episkoposma

metimem patriarq kiriles miswera, rom is (nikifore _e.m.)

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Указ. соч., с. 413.

293

mosulia raTa xrikebi moawyos sulTnis winaaRmdeg... is (ni-

kifore – e. m.) iTxovs, rom yvela zemoT dasaxelebuli kar-

gad daisajos~1.

raTa gasagebi gaxdes konstantinopolis ierarqebis da

patriarq kirile lukarisis reaqcia romidan saqarTvelos-

ken momavali nikifores mimarT, oriode sityviT mainc unda

iTqvas patriarq kirileze, Tavisi drois erT-erT cnobil

moRvaweze.

kirile lukarisi jer aleqsandriis patriarqi iyo

(1602-1621) Semdeg ki konstantinopolisa (1621-1638). igi mTeli

sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi ibrZoda laTinebis, kerZod iezui-

tebis winaaRmdeg. misi mtrebis oinebis gamo igi osmaleTis

mTavrobam oTxjer Camoagdo sapatrirqo taxtidan, magram

mcire xnis Semdeg yovelTvis axerxebda reabilitacias. man

erTi piroba SeZlo kidec iezuitebis gandevna osmaleTis

saxelmwifos sazRvrebidan.

kirile lukarisis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli kon-

stantinopolSi stambis daarseba 1627 wels sasuliero wig-

nebis dasabeWdad. man dabeWda, agreTve, polemikuri wigni

laTinebis winaaRmdeg.

mtrebma sabolood mainc mizans miaRwies. maT lukarisi

daasmines xelisuflebis winaSe, TiTqos kazakebma azovis ci-

xe-simagre daipyres waqezebiT patriarqisa, romelic elodeba

Tavisi Tanamorwmuneebis mosvlas konstantinopolTan, raTa

aajanyos berZnebi Turqebis winaaRmdeg. sulTan murad IV-is

brZanebiT 1638 wlis 28 ivliss kirile lukarisi mogudes da

misi gvami zRvaSi gadaagdes2.

kirile lukarisis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis ir-

gvliv kamaTi momxreebsa da mowinaaRmdegeebs Soris ar

wydeboda misi sikvdilis Semdegac didi xnis ganmavlobaSi.

1638 wels konstantinopolis saeklesio krebam mas anaTema

1 iqve, gv. 414. 2 Оболенский М., Новые материалы для истории Кирилла Лукариса. «Право-славное обозрение», 1860, №1.

294

gamoucxada. misi reabilitacia moxda mxolod 1672 wels ie-

rusalimis saeklesio krebaze1.

sainteresoa, rom 1633 wlis 3 ivniss kirile lukarisma

amxila laTinebi beTlemis taZarSi qarTvelebis privilegi-

ebis damadasturebeli sabuTebis gayalbebaSi2.

albaT, gasagebia, patriarq kirile lukarisis da kon-

stantinopolis ierarqebis SiSi. osmaleTis xelisuflebas

SeiZleboda maTTvis brali daedo ierusalimis patriarqis

Teofanis III-is sarekomendacio baraTiT mogzaur nikifore

ColoyaSvilTan kavSiris Sesaxeb, romelic antiosmalur

koaliciis Seqmnas gegmavda. rogor gaiges konstantinopol-

Si nikifores pirovnebisa da misi mogzaurobis miznebis Se-

saxeb, dReisaTvis amis dadgena, SeuZlebelia. SeiZleba vara-

udi, rom saidumloebiT moculi elCobis ambavi konstanti-

nopolis sapatriarqoSi ierusalimis sapatriarqodan gaiges.

rogorc Cans, konstantinopolis sapatriarqom nikifores

mogzaurobis mizani sulTnis moxeleebamde ar miitana, To-

rem qarTveli diplomati konstantinopolidan Tavs veRar

daaRwevda. aqve SeiZleba im varaudis gamoTqmac, rom kaTo-

likebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli kirile lukarisi ukmayofilo

iqneboda qarTlSi kaTolike misionerebis yofniTa da maTi

saqmianobiT. amitom CamoarTmevdnen nikifores romidan misi-

onerebisaTvis gagzavnil werilebs. magram, rogorc Cans,

konfiskacia ar Seexo kaTolikuri espaneTis mefisa da ro-

mis papis mier qarTvel mefesTan gagzavnil werilebs.

gansjas moiTxovs, agreTve, nikifores mier mesinaSi

saqarTvelosken mimavali kaTolike misionerebisaTvis gada-

1 ix. gv. 60, 63, 71, 72, 103. rogori mwvave da daundobel iyo kaTo-

likebis da marTlmadideblebis dapirispireba, warmodgenas Segviq-

mnis don pietro avitabiles mier gancdili sixaruli sulTnis mi-

er patriarq kirile lukarisis dasjis gamo, rac misi azriT,

`RvTiuri samarTlianobis niSani iyo~. don pietro avitabile, gv.

78-79. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis isto-

riidan, iqve, gv. 34-36.

295

cemuli giorgi saakaZis saxelze dawerili sarekomendacio

werilis sakiTxi, romelsac seriozuli usiamovnebani mohyva

misionerebisaTvis da, savaraudoa, nikiforesTvisac.

iranis gziT saqarTveloSi momavali misionerebi adgi-

lobrivma moxeleebma didad Seaviwroves. Tavdapirvelad mi-

sionerebi eWvobdnen, rom sparselebi maT simdidres agu-

lebdnen da ase imitom eqceodnen. Semdeg ki mixvdnen, rom

isini nikifore irbaxis mier saakaZis saxelze daweril sa-

rekomendacio werils eZebdnen. amasTan dakavSirebiT don

barTolemeo fero wers: `qarTveli despani _ nikifore ir-

baxi ..., xsenebuli mouravis (giorgi saakaZis _e.m.) axlo na-

Tesavi, darwmunebuli iyo, rom keTil samsaxurs aRmouCen-

da, rogorc don pietro avitabiles, iseve wmida mamebs, ro-

melTac ganzraxuli hqondaT saqarTveloSi wasvla, rode-

sac mouravs werils swerda (da gadasca don pietro avita-

biles), riTac mouravTan rekomendacias uwevda wmida mamebs.

am werils wmida mamebi inaxavdnen yvelaze uZvirfases niv-

Tebs Soris da mxolod SemdgomSi, rodesac ukve metad gvi-

an iyo, darwmundnen, rom es werili, uriisadmi RvTis weri-

lis msgavsad, Tan sikvdils atarebda~1. iranelma moxeleeb-

ma werili ver ipoves da misionerebi daRupvas gadaurCnen.

dgeba kiTxva: Tu misionerebma giorgi saakaZe konstantino-

polSi inaxules, aucileblad Seityobdnen am cnobili mxe-

darTmTavris samSoblodan gadaxvewis ambavs. maSin raSi

sWirdebodaT nikifores mier saakaZisaTvis gagzavnili, misi-

onerebisaTvis mfarvelobis Txovnis sarekomendacio bara-

Ti? ratom igdebdnen Tavs gansacdelSi? Tu aseTi baraTi

marTla arsebobda, ris sinamdvileSi eWvis Setana Znelia,

maSin gamodis, rom safrangeTis elCma rom misionerebs `mau-

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 84. amonaridis ukanasknel frazaSi

don barTolemeo fero gulisxmobs uria xeTelis colze Seyvare-

buli DdaviT winaswarmetyvelis mier imave uriis xeliT mTavar-

sardalTan gatanebul werils, romelSic mefe iTxovda werilis

mimtani brZolis dros iseT adgilas daeyenebinaT, rom daRupuli-

yo da asec moxda (2 mef. T. 11-12).

296

rosTan~ rekomendacia gauwia is mouravi giorgi saakaZe ki

ara, aramed sxva qarTveli iyo.

sxva cnobiT, nikifores, misionerTa sarekomendacio we-

rilebi mefe TeimurazisaTvis gaugzavnia. masSi naTqvamia,

rom nikifores neapolSi gaugia saqarTveloSi mimavali ori

Teatineli beris Sesaxeb da man `maT misca sarekomendacio

werilebi mefisaTvis, romelic miiRebs ra am werlebs maT

karg miRebas aRmouCens~1. es cnoba simarTles ar unda Seefe-

rebodes. don barTolemeo fero kompetenturi istorikosi

iyo, magram ufro sando is misionerebi arian, romlebic niki-

fores mesinaSi Sexvdnen da misgan werilic miiRes. isini

arafers amboben nikifores mier maTTvis amgvari werilis Tu

werilebis gadacemaze. don pietro avitabile pirdapir da

garkveviT ambobs, rom nikiforem maT sarekomendacio werili

moravTan (mouravTan), anu giorgi saakaZesTan gaatana.

don pietro avitabile, roca nikifore ColoyaSvilisa

da giorgi saakaZis naTesaobaze miuTiTebs, mas mxedveloba-

Si unda hqondes, rogorc ukve iTqva, nikifores dedis arag-

vis erisTavis ojaxiSviloba. amave ojaxidan iyo giorgi sa-

akaZis coli rusudani _ zurab erisTavis da. zurabi da

rusudani nikifores biZaSvilebi iyvnen, ase rom nikifore

da giorgi saakaZe axlo naTesavebad iTvlebodnen.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT Teimuraz I-isa da Sah abasis gi-

orgi saakaZisadmi mtrobas (am dros ukve momxdaria, yizil-

baSebis amowyveta martyofis velze, qsnis xeobasa da sam-

cxeSi da marabdis brZola _ romelTa iniciatori da meTa-

uri giorgi saakaZe iyo, ris gamo Sahi mas sastikad devnida.

Teimuraz mefisa da giorgi saakaZis laSqars Soris momxda-

ri iyo bazaleTis brZola. saakaZe damarcxda. amis Semdeg

igi mefisaTvis, ra Tqma unda, miuRebeli iyo, rogorc sam-

xedro da politikuri moRvawe). mxedvelobaSi misaRebia

isic, rom giorgi valSi iyo iranSi moRvawe kaTolike misi-

onerebis winaSe (maT upatrones xevSi gadagdebuli saakaZis

1 tabaRua, dasax. naSr., II, gv. 148-149.

297

vaJis _ paatas TavmokveTil gvams), rac cnobili iqneboda

saqarTveloSi da, ra Tqma unda, Teimurazsac ecodineboda.

Teimuraz mefe pirdapir Tu ara iribad mainc dakavSi-

rebuli iyo giorgi saakaZis mkvlelobasTan. mustafa naimas

gadmocemiT, xusrev faSam saakaZe sulTanTan SeTanxmebis

gareSe, viTomda, imitom moakvlevina, rom igi saqarTveloSi

gaqcevas apirebda1. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saakaZem

sulTnisagan Teimurazis winaaRmdeg daxmareba ki ara, Ta-

namdeboba (koniis beglarbegoba) miiRo, rac mis interesebSi

ar Sedioda.

SeiZleba bolomde ver vendoT Teimuraz mefes, ro-

gorc giorgi saakaZis mowinaaRmdeges da misi pirovnebis

uaryofiTad warmoCeniT dainteresebuls, magram movlenebis,

romlebic axla gadmoveci, axsnisaTvis misi naTqvami anga-

riS gasawevia. Teimuraz mefem 1658 w. 31 agvistos moskovSi

ruseTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlebTan molaparakebis dros

iseTi ram ganacxada, romelic nawilobriv mainc adastu-

rebs mustafa naimas naTqvams, kerZod, imas, rom saakaZe sa-

qarTveloSi gaqcevas apirebda. rusuli dokumentis mixed-

viT, Teimuraz mefes uTqvams: òcdaaTiode wlis winaT misma

erTma boiarma giorgim sios2 uRalata, gamuslimanda Turqe-

Tis sulTan muratTan gaiqca da mis (Teimurazis _e.m.) wina-

aRmdeg jari wamoiyvana. Teimuraz mefe mis Sesaxvedrad wa-

1 jiqia s., cnoba didi mouravis ukanaskneli dReebis Sesaxeb osma-

leTSi, gv. 213. 2 paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istorii-

saTvis (1660-1685 ww.). `saistorio moambe~, 23-24, Tb., 1970, gv. 461. ar

aris garkveuli, ras niSnavs qaragma `Сиос~. misi gaSifvra verc am dokumentis meore gamomqveynebelma v. maWaraZem SeZlo (maWaraZe v.,

Canawerebi Teimuraz pirvelis molaparakebisa moskovSi 1658 wels.

TsuU Sromebi, 113, istoriul mecnierebaTa seria, V, Tb., 1965, gv.

446). vfiqrob, `sios~ giorgi saakaZis mamis siauSis damaxinjebuli

saxelia. rusul dokumentebSi pirovnebis mamis saxelis aRniSvna

aucilebeli iyo. maSasadame, unda daeweraT Георгий Сияушевич (gi-orgi siauSis Ze).

298

vida Tavisi jariT da im moRalates da mis Turqebs Seeb-

rZola qarTlisa da misi samefos (kaxeTis _ e. m) saz-

Rvarze. moRalatesTan iyo ormoci aTasi Turqi, mefesTan ki

sami aTasi. is SeebrZola velze. orive mxares cxenosnebi

hyavda, qveiTebi ar iyo. im brZolaSi Teimuraz mefes RmerTi

Seewia da moRalate da Turqebi daamarcxa... is moRalate

(saakaZe _ e.m.) brZolidan gaiqca Turqebis (sulTanTan _ e.m.)

da Turqebis sulTnis Ralatic da dadianis saxelmwifoSi

gaqceva undoda. roca es Seityo vazirma, igi sikvdiliT da-

saja. amis Semdeg mefe Teimurazs Turqi (sulTnisgan _e.m.)

araviTari devna da raimeze gzavnili ar hqonia~1. erT-erTi

rusuli wyaros mixedviT, astraxanis voevodas iranis Sahis

elCTan, mahmed sali begTan saubrisas gaugia, rom Teimuraz

mefesa da Sahs Soris mSvidoba damyarda, magram elCma ar

icoda ramdeni xniT. Teimurazs q. aSrafSi (mazanderanSi)

ori Turqis, oTxi qarTvelis da 100 mokluli adamianis gva-

mi gaugzavnia da SahisaTvis SeuTvlia, rom es adamianebi

daxoca Tavis qveyanaSi, roca isini Sahis moRalate moura-

vis meTaurobiT TurqebTan da qarTvelebTan erTad Teimu-

raz mefis winaaRmdeg movidnen2. Tu rusuli wyaro simar-

Tles asaxavs, maSin gamodis, rom giorgi saakaZes bazale-

Tis brZolaSi damarcxebis Semdeg Tavis erTgul qarTvele-

bisa da osmalTa razmebze dayrdnobiT saqarTveloSi dab-

runeba ucdia, magram kvlav marcxi ganucdia. mahmed sali

begis TqmiT, Teimuraz mefes es samxedro warmateba, rac sa-

akaZis damarcxebaSi gamoixata, ispaanSi ucnobebia, rogorc

saerTo mtersa da Sahis moRalateze gamarjveba3.

amgvarad, Teimuraz mefis mixedviT, erTi piroba, sul-

Tanma saakaZes mxari dauWira, magram Teimurazma misi damar-

cxeba SesZlo da amis Semdeg saakaZe osmaleTSi gaiqca. Tei-

murazis naTqvamidan isic Cans, rom am SemTxvevis garda mas

1 paiWaZe g., masalebi, gv. 461-462; maWaraZe v., Canwerebi, gv. 446-447. 2 Тивадзе Т. Г., Ук. труд, с. 166, № 29. 3 Там же.

299

osmalebTan dapirispireba ar hqonia da rac moxda isic

mxolod saakaZis brali iyo. amis Semdeg saakaZes sulTnis

Ralati da dadianis qveyanaSi gaqceva ganuzraxavs, magram

vazirma gaugo da sikvdiliT dasaja1. `Cans didma mouravma,

romelmac ver miaRwia osmaleTis daxmarebas Tavisi gegme-

bis Sesasruleblad, sxva Zalis moZebna daapira TviT saqar-

TveloSi da am mizniT `dadianis qveyanaSi~, e. i. odiSSi,

levan II dadianTan daapira gaqceva. es droze Seityo didva-

zirma xusrev faSam, romelic isedac SuriT iyo gamsWvalu-

li gamoCenili sardlisadmi, saTanado sababi mas ukve hqon-

da da saakaZe sikvdiliT daasjevina kidec~2.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnil

politikur situacias XVII s. 20-iani wlebis meore naxevar-

Si, giorgi saakaZes da levan dadians erTmaneTi Zalian Wir-

debodaT. saakaZe eZebda mxardamWers saqarTveloSi, levan II

dadians Wirdeboda didi samxedro gamocdilebis adamiani

saakaZis saxiT. magram dasavleT saqarTveloSi politikuri

viTareba odiSis mTavrisaTvis arasasurvelad Seicvala.

rogorc iTqva, bazaleTis brZolis dros imereTis mefe gi-

orgi III-m Tavisi SeiaraRebuli ZaliT mxari dauWira saaka-

Zes, axla ki igi Teimurazs daunaTesavda (misma vaJma aleq-

sandrem Teimurazis asuli, zurab aragvis erisTavis qvrivi,

darejani SeirTo) da misi mokavSire gaxda. levan dadiani

ki Tavisi politikuri ambiciebis gamo giorgi III-sTan Tei-

murazTan dapirispirebuli iyo. mosalodnelia, rom Teimu-razma, romelsac sulTani Tavis mokavSired Tvlida da os-maleTTan xangrZlivi urTierToba hqonda, Tavisi agentebis saSualebiT icoda saakaZisa da levan dadianis kontaqtebis Sesaxeb.

gasaziarebelia i. anTelavas varaudi, rom giorgi saa-

kaZes SeiZleboda Seecvala Tavisi damokidebuleba iranis

mimarT, sadac Sah abas I-is sikvdilis Semdeg xelisufleba-

1 jiqia s., dasax. naSr., gv. 213 2 anTelava i., levan II dadiani, Tb., 1990, gv. 78.

300

Si movida misi favoriti, ispaanis taruRa, xosro-mirza,

romlis karieraSi didi wvlili hqonda did mouravs. ira-

nis xelisuflebaSi momxdari cvlileba imdenad seriozuli

momenti iyo, rom amas SeiZleboda saakaZis politikuri ori-

entaciis cvlileba gamoewvia da es gamxdariyo mizezi osma-

leTis mier iranis winaaRmdeg omis ganaxlebis win, mTavar-

sardlad daniSnul pirvel vazirs igi moekvlevinebina1.

yovelve imas, rac zemoT iTqva, Tu davumatebT nikifo-re ColoyaSvilis da giorgi saakaZis naTesaobas da imasac, nikiforem rom Tamami diplomatiuri nabijebi gadadga mad-ridsa da romSi, naTeli gaxdeba, rom isedac frTxili mefe Teimurazi, amis Semdeg ndobas aRar gamoucxadebda nikifo-res da verc nikifore endoboda Teimurazs.

Teimuraz mefesa da nikifores Soris daZabuli urTi-

erTobaze saubrisas aucileblad dgeba kiTxva: ratom gaug-

zavna nikiforem misionerebis mfarvelobisaTvis sarekomen-

dacio werili giorgi saakaZes da ara Teimuraz mefes, visi

davalebiTac igi kaTolikur qveynebSi saqarTvelos mtrebis

winaaRmdeg mokavSiris mosapoveblad wavida? ra Tqma unda,

roca nikiforem sarekomendacio werili dawera mesinaSi

(1626 w. noembris dasaruli-dekembris dasawyisi), maSin gior-

gi saakaZe qarTlSi aRar imyofeboda, is ukve ltolvili

iyo da osmaleTSi afarebda Tavs, rac nikiforem ar icoda.

magram mTavari es ki ar aris, aramed is, nikifore rogori

azriT wavida evropaSi, misTvis ras warmoadgendnen Teimu-

raz I da giorgi saakaZe (yizilbaSebis winaaRdeg brZolis

gmiri), visken ixreboda misi politikuri simpaTia? ar gamov-

ricxav, rom nikiforem icoda giorgi saakaZis saqarTvelos

gaerTianebis gegmis Sesaxeb. giorgi saakaZe am mizniT mola-

parakebas awarmoebda imereTis mefesTan da odiSis mTavar

levan II dadianTan da erTi piroba, qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTia-

nebac SeZlo, romlis saTaveSi Teimuraz I idga. axla dRis

wesrigSia imereTisa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefoe-

1 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 79.

301

bis gaerTianeba. evropaSi gamgzavrebamde, nikifore Colo-

yaSvils, rogorc politikoss ar SeiZleboda ar scodnoda

(miuxedavad imisa, sad imyofeboda igi saqarTveloSi Tu ie-

rusalimSi) giorgi saakaZis gegmis Sesaxeb. amgvar politi-

kur viTarebaTa konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT nikifores mi-

er kaTolike misionerebis xeliT giorgi saakaZisaTvis gag-

zavnili werili, romelSic, savaraudoa, misionerebis mi-

marT mfarvelobis garda saubari iyo sxva mniSvnelovan sa-

kiTxebzec.

zemoT dasaxelebuli mizezebi sruliad sakmarisi

iyo, imisaTvis, rom nikifores gamoetana daskvna: Teimuraz mefe ar iyo is politikuri figura, romelic SesZlebda qveynis gaerTianebas. Aamitom nikifore mefesa da mouravs Soris ormag TamaSs eweoda. sxvanairad ver aixsneba mis mi-er Teimurazis gverdis avliT kaTolike misionerebis mfar-velobis saakaZisaTvis Txovna.

nikifore ColoyaSvils Teimuraz I-is mimarT serio-

zuli ukmayofilebis (mtrobis) mizezic hqonda. rogorc iT-

qva, Teimurazma, eWvianobis niadagze, nikifores Zma, cnobi-

li mxedareTmTavari da poeti qaixosro ColoyaSvili moak-

vlevina. isic iTqva, rom Teimuraz I-is da dedofal xoreSa-

nis mier metexis RvTismSoblisaTvis micemuli sigeli, ro-

melic Sedgenilia 1614 wels, nikifores unda daewera Sah

abasis kaxeTSi laSqrobis win. yizilbaSebi kaxeTSi SeiW-

rnen 1614 wlis dasawyisidan martis Tvemde periodSi. maSa-

sadame, qaixosros mkvleloba unda momxdariyo aRniSnuli

wlis dasawisidan martis Tvemde da imave periodSi unda wa-

suliyo nikifore ierusalims.

vfiqrob, nikifores ierusalimSi wasvla (SeiZleba iTqvas _ gaqceva) gamowveuli iyo Teimurazis represiebisa-gan Tavis garidebis surviliT da ara sparselTa saqarTve-

loSi SemoWriT. igi, albaT, samudamod iq, jvris monas-

terSi, darCeboda, isev Teimurazs, rom 12 wlis Semdeg ar

gamoewvia romsa da espaneTSi elCad gasagzavnad. cnobili

ar aris, rogor, ra pirobebSi daiyolia igi Teimuraz mefem,

rom kvlav mis samsaxurSi Camdgariyo. egec rom ar yofili-

302

yo, nikifores ar SeeZlo garkveul dromde mainc ar damor-

Cileboda Teimurazis brZanebas, romelic kvlav qarTl-kaxe-

Tis mefe gaxda (1625-1633).

nikifore ColoyaSvilma, diplomatma, icoda ra Tavisi

qveynis, konkretulad, qarTl-kaxeTis, realuri ekonomikuri

da samxedro potenciali, iTvaliswinebda im qveynebis poli-

tikuri da sasuliereo wreebis interesebsa da tendencieb-

sac, sadac igi wargzavnili iyo. ra Tqma unda, mivlinebis

adgilze misuli nikiforesaTvis bevri ram sruliad axlebu-

rad warmoCinda. amitom igi iZulebuli gaxda Soreul saqar-TveloSi sruli da swori informaciis deficitis pirobebSi SemuSavebul politikur proeqtSi, adgilze gacnobili si-

namdvilis mixedviT, cvlilebebi Seetana. misi azriT, daniS-

nulebis adgilamde didi xarjebiT da xifaTiT misuli el-

Coba mTlad uSedegod ar unda dasrulebuliyo da minimalu-

ri sargebeli mainc mieRo. magram gasaWirSi myof samSoblo-

Si dabrunebul xelmocarul diplomats vin gaugebda.

1629 wlis 14 agvistos, rogorc iTqva, nikifore Colo-

yaSvili gorSi dabrunda da maSinve kaTolike misionerebi

moinaxula. `nikofore irbaxi,_ wers don barTolemeo fero,

_ xedavda, Tu ra mZime mdgomareobaSi cxovrobdnen misione-

rebi. amitom igi gaCumebuli iyo, magram grZnobda im sixa-

rulsa da siamovnebas, romelic man maT miayena da maT aseve

gamoamJRavnes nikifores mimarT. nikifore irbaxi metad Sea-

wuxa kaTolike misionerebis winaaRmdeg berZeni berebis moq-

medebam, magram gulis siRrmeSi igi bednierad Tvlida Tavs,

rom Tavisi CamosvliTa da axali ambebis CamotaniT, maT sia-

movneba moutana. nikifore fiqrobda Tu rogor gamoexata

Teimuraz mefesTan Sexvedris dros Tavisi simpaTiebi Tea-

tineli morwmuneebisadmi da rogor aReniSna maTi samar-

Tliani damsaxureba~1.

ramdenime dRis Semdeg nkiforem Teimuraz I-s moaxsena

evropaSi mogzaurobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb. mefis imedis gac-


303

rueba nikifores elCobis SedegebiT naTeli gaxdeboda maSin-

ve, rodesac igi gaecnoboda papis urban VIII-is 1628 wlis 2

dekembriT daTariRebul werils. masSi araferi iyo Tqmuli

imaze, rac mefes gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda. iyo mxolod

mowodeba, rom qarTuli eklesia SeerTeboda romis eklesias,

Teimurazsa da mis qveyanas kaTolikoba mieRo. ai ras werda

papi Teimurazs: `kardinalT wminda kongregaciam, romelic

dakavebulia sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis saqmiT, miuTiTa ze-

moxsenebul nikifores, saxeldobr Tu ras moelis da ras

moiTxovs Seni umaRlesobisagan romis eklesia. saWiroa mTe-li ZaliT izruno, raTa eklesiis meTaurebi da mRvdelmsa-xurebi, iberiis samefos sulis mwyemsebi, romlebic uflis saxlSi cxovreoben, SenTan erTad erTsulovnad aRiarebdnen petres saxelmwifos _ eklesiis xilul meTaurs romis sa-

xiT~1.

werilis gacnobis Semdeg, Teimurazi, bunebrivia, Tavi-

si diplomatisagan moiTxovda misi warumatebelobis mizeze-

bis dawvrilebiT axsna-ganmartebas.

savaraudoa, nikiforem TviTonve mouTxro mefes Tavi-

si mogzaurobisa da molaparakebebis Sesaxeb da imazec, ra-

mac aiZula igi cvlilebebi Seetana rogorc werilobiT ise

zepirad danabarebSi.

saqarTveloSi mosuli misionerebi, madridsa da romSi

nikifores nalaparakeviT daimedebulni, samefo karisgan

did mxardaWeras elodebodnen da amaSi xedavdnen TavianT

saqmianobaSi warmatebis sawindars. avitabile nikifores da-

napirebze daimedebuli, momavals optimisturad rom uW-

vretda, es Cans kidec mis mier `wminda kongregacia propa-

ganda fides~ mdivnis franCesko ingolisaTvis gagzvnili

werilis minaweris erT frazaSi. nikifore, rogorc mas Tvi-

Tonve uTqvams avitabilesaTvis, xelsayrel moments elode-

ba, raTa Seudges im saqmes2, romelic mas romSi daakisreso.

1 iqve, gv. 108. 2 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Ук. труд, с. 414.

304

danabarebSi, ra Tqma unda, pirvel rigSi, misionerebisaTvis

mxardaWera igulisxmeboda. savaraudoa, qarTvel diplomats

dro gahyavda, magram bolos iZulebuli gaxda rogorc me-

fisaTvis ise gaWirvebaSi myofi goris misiis xelmZRvanel

don pietro avitabilesaTvis simarTle eTqva.

Teimuraz mefis nikifore ColoyaSvilisadmi ukmayofi-

lebaze unda migvaniSnebdes mis mier, nikifores dabrunebi-

dan erTi wlis Semdeg, 1630 wlis agvistoSi romSi gagzavna

axali elCobisa, romlis SemadgenlobaSi nikifores ver

vxedavT. Tumca, xma yofila gavrcelebuli, rom is meored

miemgzavreboda evropaSi, rogorc elCi1. albaT, es xma mis-

wvda pietro dela vales da amitomac egona, rom nikiforem

kidev erTxel imogzauria ierusalimSi da mefe Teimurazs

ganzraxva hqonda nikifore kvlav elCad gaegzavna evropaSi2.

Znelia dadgena, ramdenad Seefereboda Teimurazis gan-

zraxva simarTles, magram faqtia, rom man ufro meti ndoba

gamoucxada patr don pietro avitabiles, romelmac mefisa

da kaTalikos zaqarias werilebi wauRo papsa da wminda

kongregacia de propaganda fides kardinalebs.

Teimuraz mefesa da mis diplomats Soris, rom serio-

zuli uTanxmoeba arsebobda rogorc romTan mimarTebaSi ga-

satarebeli politikuri kursis sakiTxSi (pirvel rigSi es

gamoixateboda kaTolike misionerebisadmi samefo xelisuf-

lebis damokidebulebaSi), ise sagareo politikis generalur

xazSi. kerZod, vin iyo maSindeli qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sa-

SiSi mteri, vis winaaRmdeg iyo saWiro mokavSiris gamonaxva

da a.S. es yvelaferi uTanxmoebas kidev metad gaamwvavebda.

zemoT aRniSnuli mTeli rigi obieqturi da subieqtu-

ri momentebis gamo, nikifores Teimurazis gverdiT yofna

aRar SeiZleboda.

imas rom Tavi davaneboT, rac ukve iTqva, Teimuraz I-s

wesad hqonebia, misi survilisa da danabarebis sisruleSi ar

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 103. 2 iqve, gv. 108.

305

moyvanisaTvis Tavisi elCebis mimarT mkacrad mopyroba. 1635

wels Teimurazis elCs moskovSi nikifore berZens rusT xel-

mwifisTvis uTxovia: `droulad gamiSviT saqarTveloSi, Tu

ara iseve iqneba Cems mimarTac, rac arqiepiskopos Teodoses

daemarTa: gawbileba da Sercxvena~1, radgan, razec nabrZanebi

hqonda, veraviTari pasuxi ver miutana2. Teimurazs nikifore

berZenisTvis uTqvams: àxla sxvas veravis vendobi Sens garda,

Senc ise nu moiqcevi, rogorc xaritoni da Teodose, male

erT weliwadSi dabrundebi da (ruseTis _e.m.) dRegrZeli xel-

mwifis zepir pasuxs momitan... Teodosec aq (moskovSi _e.m.) oT-

xi weli Seakaves da gauSves. roca Cems xelmwife (Teimuraz-

Tan _e.m.) mivida, Cems xelmwifes raime WeSmariti brZaneba ar

miutana, amitom Cems xelmwifes misi (Teodosis _e.m.) dasja

surda. isic adga da TurqeTSi3 gaiqca~4.

ratom arafers ambobs nikifore berZeni nikifore ir-

baxze, romelsac igi, rasakvirvelia, icnobda da mas kargad

ecodineboda Teimurazsa da irbaxs Soris im garTulebuli

urTierTobis Sesaxeb, ramac es ukanaskneli levan II dadia-

nis banakSi gadaiyvana? pirvel rigSi safiqrebelia, rom ni-

kifore berZeni ruseTis mefes mxolod im qarTvel elCebs

Seaxsenebs, romlebic ruseTis mTavrobis mouqnelobis gamo

daisajnen. Nnikifore berZenis mierNnikifore irbaxis moux-

senebloba nakarnaxevi iqneboda, Semdegi momentebis gaTva-

liswinebiT: 1. nikifore irbaxi diplomatiuri misiiT ru-

seTSi arasodes yofila; 2. Teimurazis mier evropaSi gag-

zavnil elCze saubari rusT xelmwifes sasiamovnod ar

darCeboda; 3. diplomatiuri TvalsazrisiT,Aarc imis Tqma

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 129. 2 Teodose reviSvilze vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes

kvarTis istoria, gv. 48-66. 3 TurqeTSi ierusalimi igulisxmeba. es qalaqi ukve erTi saukunis

winaT osmalebma daipyres da igi osmaleTis imperiis Semadgenle-

boSi Sedioda. Teodosi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ierusalimis

jvris monasterSi moRvaweobda. 4 Там же.

306

iqneboda gamarTlebuli, rom im dros, rodesac nikifore

berZeni moskovSi imyofeboda, Teimurazisagan wasuli niki-

fore irbaxi kvlav moqmedi diplomati iyo levan II dadinis

karze, rac mis Sahisadmi momxreobasac niSnavda.

rodesac Teimuraz mefes kaTolike misionerebis Camos-

vla Seatyobines, man isini samefo karze, safurcleSi miiw-

via. patrebi mefem da patriarqma zaqariam (1623-1632) didi kma-

yofilebiT miiRes. papis despanebis meTauri don pietro avi-

tabile wers: àmrigad, Cven warvsdeqiT mefis winaSe da war-

vudgineT misi uwmindesobis werili, romelic man didi pati-

viT miiRo1 da Cvenc didi pativi dagvdo. aseve moiqca patri-

arqi zaqariac, romelic am samefos yvela prelatidan yvela-

ze umaRlesi pirovnebaa, gamoiCina ra didi pativi Tqveni uga-

naTlebules meufeTa werilisadmi da gamoxata didi sixaru-

li Cveni Casvlis gamo~. misionerebi audienciiT kmayofilni

darCnen. maT mefesTan da patriarqTan pirveli SexvedrisTa-

nave miiRes is, rac maT gansakuTrebiT aintresebdaT: eklesi-

is aSenebis, wirva-locvis dayenebis da Tavisuflad qadage-

bis ufleba2, risi miRwevac kaTolikebisaTvis sxva marTlma-

dideblur qveyanaSi SeuZlebeli an ukeTes SemTxvevaSi did

sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. ufro metic, mefem da pat-

riarqma patrebi marTlmadideblur wirvaze miiwvies da da-

pirdnen, rom TviTonac daeswrebodnen kaTolikur mesas. isi-

ni momavalSic yuradRebis armoklebas dapirdnen patrebs.

audienciis dros patrebma mefesa da patriarqs gadas-

ces romidan wamoRebuli werilebi, romelTa sapasuxod me-

fisa da patriarqisagan miiRes or-ori werili romis papisa

da wminda kongregacia de propaganda fides saxelze.

1 Teimuraz mefisa da kaTalikos zaqarias mier romSi gagzavnili

werilebis mokle SinaarsSi naTqvamia, rom rodesac don pietro

avitabilem da don jakomo di stefanom mefes papis werili gadas-

ces, man werils akoca, Tavze daido da ase moismina misi Sinaarsi

(tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 216). 2 iqve, gv. 223.

307

Teimuraz mefisa da patriarq zaqarias werilebis gac-

nobis Sedegad gasagebi xdeba rogori didi gansxvavebaa, ad-

resatebis interesebsa da problemebis gadaWris gzebisadmi

midgomaSi. dakvirvebul qarTvel diplomatebs romidan Ca-motanili werilebis gacnobis Semdeg, albaT eWvi aRar un-da gasCenodaT, rom warumateblad damTavrdeboda nikifore irbaxis elCoba, romelic am dros jer kidev samSobloSi ar darunebuliyo.

papi urban VIII-is saqarTvelosTan urTierTobaSi um-

Tavres interess warmoadgenda am qveyanaSi papis primatis

aRiareba da kaTolicizmis gavrceleba. werilSi ikiTxeba

nikifore irbaxis elCobis gamoZaxili. papi TviTonve aR-

niSnavs, rom `Cven mSobliuri siyvaruliT SevxvdiT sayva-

rel Svils, wminda basilis bers nikifore irbaxs, romelic

Sen gamogzavne CvenTan weriliT, rogorc Seni Zlierebis

damadasturebeli da Seni RvTismosaobis Tavdebi~1. papis

epistoledan amonaridis gacnobis Semdeg kidev erTxel da-

ismis pasuxgaucemeli kiTxva: Tu nikifore basilianeli iyo

da romSi scnes misi aRmsarebloba, maS ratom mosTxoves

kaTolikobis oficialurad aRiareba?

papi mefes mouwodebs, rom rac SeiZleba male Sevides

`deda romis elkesiis wiaRSi... xolo, rodesac Sen yvela we-sis dacviT aRiareb orTodoqsul sarwmunoebas da sazeimod ganacxadeb morCilebas, da es cnoba CvenTan mova, maSin samo-qalaqo xelisufleba, romelic yovlisSemZle mosamarTlis CagonebiT axdens mefeebis taxtze dasmas da samflobeloe-bis gadanawilebas, daamtkicebs Sens monarqiul mmarTvelo-basac papis sazeimo locva-kurTxeviT. Semdeg SevecdebiT Zmurad ganvawyoT qristiani mefeebi, gansakuTrebiT daviyo-

lioT SenTvis sasurvel megobrobaze espaneTis mefe~2.

TeimurazisaTvis naTeli unda gamxdariyo, rom papi da

masTan erTad kaTolikuri qveynebi, daxmarebas ki ar pirde-

1 iqve, gv. 198-199. 2 iqve, gv. 199.

308

bodnen, aramed, jer-jerobiT mefedac ki ar aRiarebdnen. isini

mas mefed aRiarebas pirdebodnen mxolod maSin, rodesac igi

sazeimod gamoacxadebda papisadmi morCilebas da miiRebda ka-

Tolikur sarwmunoebas. papi arc malavda, wminda kongregacia

de propaganda fides kardinalTa kolegiam muslimanTa agre-

siisagan dacvisaTvis TxovniT romSi Casul nikifore irbaxs

aseTi moTxovnebi rom wauyena.

urban VIII saWirod Tvlis Seaxsenos Teimuraz mefes,

`mTeli ZaliT izrunos, raTa eklesiis meTaurebi da mRvdel-msaxurebi, iberiis sulis mwyemsebi, romlebic uflis saxlSi cxovroben, SenTan erTad aRiarebdnen petres saxelmwifos _

eklesiis xilul meTaurs _ romis taxtis saxiT~1.

nikifore irbaxis elCobis warumatebloba da dasav-

leTTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis gagrZelebis uazroba

rom cxadi iyo, naTlad gamoCnda Teimuraz mefis papisadmi

werilSi.

1629 wlis 5 ianvriT daTariRebul werilSi, romelic

martSi im dominikanel bers gaatanes romSi, romelmac avita-

bile da misi Tanamgzavrebi alinjidan gorSi Camoiyvana,

sityvac ki aRar aris politikuri xasiaTis sakiTxebze, anti-

osmaluri an antisparsuli koaliciebis Seqmnasa da saqar-

Tvelos mterTagan dacvaze. werilis gacnobis Semdeg iseTi

STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom papis mier rjulis Secvlisaken

mowodebiT _ `viyoT (kaTolikobaSi _e.m.) mtkice, Seuryeveli

da medgari rwmenisadmi, qristesadmi da misi mimbaZveli~ _

gaRizianebuli Teimurazi (da patriarqi zaqariac Tavis we-

rilSi), diplomatiuri eTikis dacviT, wers: àmaze gipasu-

xebT, rom madlobas vuZRvniT ufal RmerTs imisaTvis, rom

imperator konstantine didis droidan dRemde, RmerTisa da

misi ciuri samyofelis SemweobiT, mowyalebam da adamianTa

siyvarulma namdvili rwmenisa da qristesadmi mtkiced, Seu-

povrad da Rrmad gaidga fesvi Cvens organizmSi da vinaxavT

maT Cvens gulSi...~ Teimurazi paps imasac moaxsenebs ra ube-

1 iqve.

309

dureba daatexa mterma mis qveyanas, magram qristesadmi rwme-

na SeinarCunes mtkiced da ucvlelad. qristianobas Seewira

misi deda. rac Seexeba Cvens Tanamedrove mdgomareobas amaze

Tqveni misionerebi mogaxsenebeno, wers Teimuraz mefe. imis

gamo, rom yizilbaSebma eklesiebi daangries da gaZarcves,

àmitom gevedrebiT [gamogvigzavnoT] eklesiaSi samsaxurisaT-vis aucilebeli nivTebi, Tundac cotaodeni. es aris sul is,

rasac vTxovT Tqvens uwmindesobas~1.

wm. kongregacia de propaganda fidesaTvis werilSi

Teimurazi gamoTqvams madlobas imis gamo, rom man saqar-

TveloSi gamogzavna TavianTi warmomadgenlebi _ kaTolike

misionerebi, romlebsac yovelmxriv Seuwyes xeli da moma-

valSic aseve gagrZeldeba.

imave organizacias mefe acnobebs, rom ganzraxuli

aqvs Tavis elCad romSi gagzavnos don jakomo di stefano,

romelic Caitans informacias saqarTvelos mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb. Teimuraz mefis mier gamoTqmuli survili imis maC-

venebeli unda iyos, rom igi aRar agrZelebs romTan dip-

lomatiur urTierTobas koaliciis SeqmnasTan dakavSire-

biT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi aseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze

molaparakebas mxolod ucxoels, am SemTxvevaSi don piet-

ro avitabiles, ar miandobda. igi romSi gagzavnida Tavis

romelime gamocdil diplomats, don jakomos ki mas gaayo-

lebda, raTa romSi moeTxro Tavisi TvaliT nanaxi saqar-

Tvelos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. meore mxriv, Teimuraz mefis

mier ucxoelis romSi gagzavna da nikifore irbaxis ugule-

belyofa, romlis Sesaxeb mxoled saqebari sityvebi modis

romidan, mefis uaryofiT ganwyobas nikiforesadmi kidev

ufro zrdida.

Teimuraz mefis saTxovari propaganda fides kardina-

lebisadmi mxolod gamocdili eqimis saqarTveloSi, mis

karze, gagzavna iyo. `sxvaTa Soris, rac amJamad aucileb-

1 iqve, gv. 202.

310

lad sWirdeba Cvens qveyanas _ es aris eqimi1, romelic zed-

miwevniT flobs Tavis profesias, vinaidan Cvens mxareSi

mZvinvarebs saSiSi avadmyofobani~2 _ werda Teimuraz I.

Sinaarsobrivad Teimuraz mefis werilis identuria

patriarq zaqarias werili romis papisadmi3. isini avitabiles

werilebTan erTad Caabares romSi mimaval dominikanel bers.

Teimuraz I-is dasavleT evropasTan urTierTobis damya-

rebis ukanaskneli cda, mis mier romSi elCad DTeaTinelTa

ordenis misioneris, goris misiis xelmZRvanelis, don piet-

ro avitabiles gagzavna iyo. masve gaatana nikifore irbaxis

Camotanili papisa da `wminda kongregacia de propaganda fi-

des~ kardinalebisaTvie sapasuxo, Tavisi da kaTalikosis we-

rilebi4. ramdenadac werilebSi politikuri xasiaTis sakiT-

xebze ar iyo saubari, maTze sityvas aRar gavagrZeleb, mxo-

lod raTa gasagebi gaxdes avitabiles elCobis mizani, moviy-

van amonarids don jakomo di stefanos mier don pietro avi-

tabilesaTvis gagzavnili werilidan: mefe Teimurazi avita-

biles agzavnis romSi, `raTa daadasturos mefis pativiscema

pirveli mRvdelmTavrisadmi da agreTve moagvaros Cveni misi-

onis saqmeebi, misionisa, romelic Seiqmna Tqveni iniciativiT

da romelsac xelmZRvanelobs Tqveni aRmatebuleba. am misi-

ons, rogorc vimedovneb, eqneba warmatebebi RvTis didebisaT-

vis da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sulis janmrTelobisaTvis.

magram saWiroa auCqarebeli muSaoba, vinaidan gza arc ise

iolia da farTo, rogorc amis Sesaxeb romSi laparakoben~5.

avitabile gaemgzavra 1630 w. 3 agvistos. gorSi darCa

mxolod don jakomo di stefano, romlis mier avitabiles-

Tan gagzavnilma saintereso werilebma Cvenamde moaRwia.

sxvaTa Soris, igi avitabiles sTxovda, rom roca saqarTve-

1 moniSvna Cemia. 2 iqve, gv. 206 3 iqve, gv. 209-211. 4 iqve, gv. 118-119. 5 iqve, gv. 120-121.

311

losken gamobrundeboda Tan wamoeyvana eqimi, mxatvari da

durgali, xolo TavisTvis ki laTinel klasikosTaY naSro-

mebis wamoRebas sTxovda1.

1631 wlis maisis bolos avitabile romidan saqarTve-

losken gamoeSura da Tan wamoiyvana axali misionerebi. isi-

ni gorSi movidnen 1632 wlis 10 ivliss.

avitabilem Teimuraz mefes da kaTalikos zaqarias pa-

pis urban VIII-is 1631 wlis 14 ivliss Sedgenili sapasuxo

epistole Camoutana. papi, kmayofilebas gamosTqvamda maT mi-

er misionerebis moRvaweobisaTvis kargi pirobebis SeqmnisaT-

vis. avitabiles monaTxrobis mixedviT, papi moxarulia da

kmayofilebas gamoxatavs im warmatebebis gamo, romelsac Te-

imurazma gamefebis dRidan iaraRis saSualebiT miaRwia. amis

Semdeg, papis azriT, darCenilia is, rom vatikanis taZarSi

qarTveli elCis mier gamocxaddes Teimuraz mefis survili

papisa da petres taZrisadmi morCilebis Sesaxeb: `de, iyos

Seni RvTismosaobis mowme vatikanis taZari, romelSic romis

taSiscemis qveS mosmenili iqneba elCobis survili, romelic

moutans xarks RvTismosaobis morCilebas netar petresadmi,

romelsac mefeebi ahyavs mudmivi netarebis triumfalur tax-

tze. vimedovnebT, rom papis locvebiT yovlisSemZle ufali,

migiyvans natvris aRsrulebamde, xolo Cven, Cvens locvebSi

vandobT ufals Sen da Sens samefos~2.

papma qarTvelebis is Txovnac ki ar daakmayofila

Tundac mxatvris da eqimis gamogzavnas rom exeboda. igi ka-

Talikos zaqarias amis gamo werda: avitabilesgan `Seit-

yobT, Tu ratom ver wamoiyvana man Tanamgzavrebad egzom sa-

1 iqve, gv. 136. don jakomo di stefanos ainteresebda virgiliusis,

horacios, ovidiusis, katulis, tubilas, properciusis, sanaZiros,

ciceronisa da just lipsis Txzulebebis sruli gamocemebi (iqve,

gv. 139). 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 238. dasaxelebuli werilis Sina-

arsis sxvagvari interpretacia ix. tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis

sagareo politika, gv. 68.

312

SiS gzaze Tqvens mier naTxovni mxatvrebi da eqimebi~1. amis

Tqma uxerxuli iyo maSin, rodesac, rogorc iTqva, avitabi-

lem SesZlo saqarTveloSi Camoeyvana misionerTa sakmaod

mravalricxovani jgufi. erTi sityviT, papi da, saerTod va-tikani, Tavisi interesebisaTvis iRvwoda da mas naklebad

awuxebda qarTvelTa satkivari. aseTi SedegiT damTavrda

Teimuraz mefis romTan saxelmwifoebriv doneze urTierTo-

bis damyarebis kidev erTi cda. igi iranTan urTierTobis

mogvarebis sxva gzas daadga.

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 240.

313

VII. Teimuraz I-isa da undilaZeebis antiiranuli ajanyeba

Sah abas I-is mefobis bolo periodi iranis warumate-

beli sagareo politikiT aRiniSna. osmaleTma Zalebi moik-

riba, Setevaze gadavida da adre dakarguli samflobeloe-

bidan zogierTi kidec daibruna. aseT viTarebaSi Sah abasma,

imisaTvis, rom osmalebis warmatebiT Segulianebul saqar-

TveloSi antiiranuli gamosvlebi Tavidan aecilebina, Tei-

muraz mefesTan morigeba arCia. Sahma qarTl-kaxeTis mospo-

basa da misi saxanod gadaqcevis politikaze uari Tqva da

Teimurazs Suamavlad daud-xan undilaZe gaugzavna. Sah abas

I-ma Teimuraz I faqtobrivad, qarTl-kaxeTis qristian mefed

cno, Teimurazma ki Tavi mis vasalad aRiara.

Teimuraz mefem svimon-xanisa da zurab erisTavis gzi-

dan Camocilebis Semdeg, dasavleT saqarTvelosTan mokavSi-

reobis mizniT Tavisi qaliSvili darejani imereTis mefe

giorgi III-is memkvidres aleqsandres miaTxova. man daResta-

nic dalaSqra da amis Semdeg qveyanam lekebis mZarcveluri

Tavdasxmebisgan droebiT moisvena.

Teimurazma Tavisi qaliSvilis imereTis mefis vaJze

gaTxovebiT, seriozul politikur warmatebas miaRwia. iv. ja-

vaxiSvili Teimurazisa da imereTis samefo karis danaTesave-

bis gamo aRniSnavda: `g. saakaZis saqciels, romelmac Teimu-

raz mefis sawinaaRmdegod imerTa mefis-Zis qarTlSi gabato-

neba scada, unda daenaxvebina TeimurazisaTvis, rom misTvis

imereTis mefesTan ufro mWidrod daaxloeba da dakavSireba

iyo saWiro. raime gziT is ufro momtkicebuli unda hyolo-

da, rom mudam zurgidan Tavdasxmisa da da xifaTis molo-

dinSi ar yofiliyo. safiqrebelia, rom swored am politiku-

ri TvalsazrisiT unda exelmZRvanela Teimuraz mefes, rode-

sac mas Tavisi veragobiTve axlad daqvrivebuli qalis ime-

reTSi gaTxoveba gadauwyvetia...~1

qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebis Semdeg Teimurazis mmar-

1 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, gv. 358.

314

TvelobiT ukmayofilo iyo qarTlis didkacoba: `kaxni qar-

TvelTzed amayobdes da ÃmliT daWiruls eZaxdes, upatio-

Tac epyrobodes, qarTvelT guli gaaveboda da batonis Tei-

murazis batonoba ar undodaT~1. aseTi mdgomareoba mefis

damokidebulebas Tavisi qveSevrdomebis mimarT Zabavda. ro-

gorc erT-erTi misi Tanamedrove ucxoeli werda, ìs sul

sxva kacad Seicvala: yvelas mtrad gadaekida, Tavis qveSev-

rdomebs sastikad epyroboda, axali xarji gaawera da yve-

lafers ZaliT arTmevda; misTvis samarTali aRar iyo. Ta-

vis kanonad Tavisi sixarbe da Jini gaixada~2.

sainteresoa, rom TviT mefe Teimurazic kritikulad

afasebda aqamde ganvlil Tavis cxovrebis gzas: `me yovlad

usrulman cnobiTa, qceviTa yovlad naklulevanman keTil-

gana sasoebiT da wrwoliT bralTagan yovlad gankrTobil-

man, mefed dadginebulman Zisa Senisagan araTu gamorCeviT,

aramed unarCevesman, msasoebelman Senman da monaman mdabal-

man, undoman Teimuraz~3.

Sahis karze dawinaurebuli qarTvelebis erTma mniS-

vnelovanma jgufmac, xosro-mirzas meTaurobiT, imdeni imar-

jva, rom taxtze Sah abasis SviliSvili sefi-mirza gaamefa.

xosro-mirza Teimurazis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebda, ramde-

naTac Teimurazs kargi urTierToba hqonda mis mowinaaRmde-

ge undilaZeebTan. xosro-mirzas jgufma imdeni moaxerxa,

rom Teimurazis momxre jgufis meTauri daud-xan undilaZe

gaaZeva, romelic 1630 wels yarabaRSi wamovida da ganjas

dadga. farsadan gorgijaniZis mixedviT, `daud xan yaraba-

Ris beglarbegi uWko da amayi kaci iyo da yaensac rostom

mefis gulisaTvis mejliSidamen gaegdebina da es javri da-

udxans ver moeTmina. amisaTvis Teimuraz mefes mociquloba

dauwyo. Seificnes da adrbeJanis daWirva moindomes~4.

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 238. 2 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 125. 3 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, gv. 347. 4 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 238.

315

Teimurazma da daud-xanma iranis dalaSqvra ganizraxes.

àseT viTarebaSi saWiro iyo dinji da auCqarebeli sagareo

da saSinao politikis gatareba. Teimurazi imis magivrad,

rom Tavi iranis erTgul vasalad moeCvenebina da qveynis sa-

Sinao mdgomareobis mowesrigebaze ezruna, sakmaod moumzade-

beli, iranis winaaRmdeg Setevaze gadavida~1.

Sevecdebi gavarkvio riT iyo ganpirobebuli Teimurazi-

sa da daud-xan undilaZis, erTi SexedviT, moumzadebeli moq-

medeba _ gamoucxadebeli omis dawyeba iranis winaaRmdeg.

gamoTqmulia safuZvliani varaudi, rom daud-xanis Zma

Sirazis gamgebeli imamyuli-xani TanaugrZobda Teimurazisa

da daud-xanis antisparsul ajanyebas. Teimurazs daud-xanTan

megobroba da naTesaoba akavSirebda2. igi Teimurazis siZe, dis

qmari iyo. ucxoelTa cnobebiT, Teimurazs imamyuli-xanTan

saqmiani urTierToba hqonda da 1627 wlis TebervalSi Siraz-

Sic ki yofila da misi maspinZlobiT usargeblia3. am ori

moRvawis urTierTobis amsaxveli es erTi magaliTic ki sagu-

lisxmos xdis maT Soris seriozuli politikuri garigebis

miRwevis SesaZleblobas. imam-yuli-xans, rom saqarTvelosTan

1 jamburia g., qarTveli xalxis brZola arsebobis SenarCunebisaT-

vis XVII s. pirvel mesamedSi. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV,

gv. 294. 2 gabaSvili v., undilaanT feodaluri saxli XVI-XVII ss. iranSi

(qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT). maxlobeli aRmosavleTis istoriis

sakiTxebi, II, Tb., 1972, gv. 68, 75, 81; natroSvili T., Teimuraz pirve-

lis ajanyeba da imam-yuli-xan undilaZe, àxloaRmosavluri kre-

buli~, Tb., 1983, 165-171. 3 natroSvili T., maSriyiT maRribamde, gv. 194-195. Teimuraz mefe Tavis

poemaSi `wameba qeTevan dedoflisa~, imamyuli-xans qeTevan dedoflis

mowamebrivi sikvdilSi monawileobaSi brals ar sdebs: ìmam-yuli-

xans ra esma saqmeni sazaronia,//metad gakvirda, ese Tqva: `misi ra sa-

kadronia?//vici, rom ar gaTaTrdebis, Tuca ara aqvs dronia,//Teimura-

zis dedasa viT vkadro ukadronia?~ Teimuraz mefe iqve iZleva imam-

yuli-xanis dadebiT daxasiaTebas (str. 31-32). imamyuli-xani rom mfar-

velobda Teimurazis dedasa da Svilebs amas adastureben ambis Tana-

medrove pietro dela vale da istorikosi beri egnataSvili.

316

garkveuli kavSiri hqonda, amaSi gvarwmunebs avitabiles erTi

saintereso naTqvami, romelic aucileblad asaxavda mis dro-

indel aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arsebul ganwyobilebas:

àmasobaSi viRacam xelmwifes (Sah sefis_e.m.) miswera saqarTve-

lodan, rom Tu gindaT saqarTvelos daepatronoT, Tavidan

unda moiSoroT Sirazeli imam-yuli-xani, radgan mTeli qar-

Tveli xalxis Tvalebi miskenaa mipyrobilio~1.

xazgasmiT unda iTqvas, rom movlenebis arasasur-velma ganviTarebam ganapiroba is, rom daud-xanisa da Tei-

murazis ajanyebam antisparsuli saxe miiRo. Tavdapirvelad

igi mimarTuli unda yofiliyo, ajanyebulTa gagebiT, ukano-nod gamefebuli sefi mirzas da misi momxreebis winaaRmdeg, magram TavianTi kandidatis taxtze ayvanis mcdelobis CaS-lis Semdeg iZulebulni gaxdnen sefi mirzasdmi daumorCi-lebloba gamoecxadebinaT.

savaraudoa, Teimurazisa da daud-xan undilaZis ajan-

yeba didi xnis ganmavlobaSi seriozulad mzaddeboda da

mis meTaurebs Sors mimavali miznebi hqondaT. 1630 wlis 5

oqtombriT daTariRebuli werilidan, romelic somxeTidan

veneciaSi gaigzavna, naTqvamia, rom `Teimuraz xans mzada

hyavs oci aTasze meti mxedari, raTa daepatronos saqarTve-

los da mis mezobel mxareebs. igi moelaparaka somexTa pat-

riarqs _ movses kaTalikoss, raTa akurTxon saqarTvelosa

da somxeTis mefed, da somex warCinebulTac ganuzraxavT

daemorCilon xsenebul Teimuraz-xans~2.

imave wlis rusuli wyarodan vigebT, rom voevoda as-

traxanidan moskovSi xelmwifes acnobebda Semaxidan Camosu-

li erT-erTi vaWris naambobs: `Sahis miwaze axla arc erT

saxelmwifosTan ar omoben, magram yizilbaSebs Zalian eSi-

niaT, rom maT qarTvelebi aawiokeben imitom, rom winan-

delma Sahma saqarTvelos miwa daipyro da aaoxra~3.

1 don pietro avitabile, gv. 47. 2 natroSvili T., dasax. naSr., gv. 170. 3 nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, gv. 113.

317

vfiqrob, Teimurazisa da daud-xanis gamosvlis safuZve-

li Sah abas I-is mefobis bolo wlebSi Zmebi undilaZeebis

da Teimurazis opoziciis Camoyalibebis periodSi unda veZi-

oT. savaraudoa, isini emzadebodnen TavianTTvis sasurveli

kandidatis gasamefeblad. magram rogorc iTqva, imarjva meo-

re dajgufebam, romelsac aseve iranSi moRvawe xosro-mirza

(SemdegSi qarTlis mefe rostom-xani) edga saTaveSi. man Sah

abasis SviliSvili sefi-mirza (Sah sefi) aiyvana taxtze. ori-

ve mxarisaTvis gasagebi iyo, rom winaaRmdegoba Sah sefis ga-

mefebiT ar damTavrdeboda. orive mxare gadamwyveti dartymi-

saTvis emzadeboda. maT Soris Sejaxebas garedauvals xdida

iranSi gavrcelebuli xma Sah abasis Svilis arsebobis Sesa-

xeb, romelic imamyuli-xanis ojaxSi izrdeboda da muslima-

nuri wesisa da adaTis Sesabamisad, igi kanonieri memkvidred

iTvleboda. dasaSvebia, SeTqmulebis monawileebisaTvis cno-bili gaxda, rom Sahis kari kontrRonisZiebis gatarebas api-rebda da iZulebulni gaxdnen jer kidev brZolisaTvis sam-zadisis dasrulebamde ajanyeba daewyoT.

daud-xanis ajanyebis mizezs Semdegnairad xsnis don pi-

etro avitabile: ìm dros Tbilisi daud-xans eqvemdebarebo-

da da radgan im adgilebSi gaCereba momixda, utyuari cnobe-

bidan gavige, rom iranis mefes daudis mokvla ganuzraxavs.

amiT undoda Sirazis xanis, imamyuli-xanis, daud-xanis Zmis

gandidebisaTvis bolos moeRo, radgan misi warmatebis Zli-

er eSinoda. es ori Zma TavianTi mSvenieri yofaqceviT mTeli

iranis siyvarulis sagnad iyvnen gamxdarni. da kidev imito-

mac, rom imamyuli-xans Tavis samflobeloSi hyavda serali-

dan wamoyvanili Sah-abasis Svili, romelic mas SeeZina Tavi-

si erT-erTi colisagan. ganjis xanma, daudma, saidumlo wya-

rodan icoda, rom mis mosaklavad brZaneba iyo gacemuli im

dros, roca me ganjaSi vimyofebodi. daud-xani zogierTi Ta-

visi momxreTi da mTeli Tavisi qonebiT, ris waRebac ki SeeZ-

lo, gadavida saqarTveloSi da SeuerTda Teimurazs, romel-

Tanac ukve mWidro samegobro xelSekruleba hqonda dadebu-

318

li. isini iranis Sahs aujanydnen da ganrisxebulebma aoxre-

ba dauwyes, pirvelad jer ganjas daartyes~1.

Teimuraz mefisa da daud-xanis molaparakeba iranis wi-

naaRdeg sabrZolo gegmis SesaTanxmeblad, imdenad cnobili

yofila, rom avitabile amis Sesaxeb saqmis kursSi iyo da

romSic ki miswera:Ddaud-xani Tavisi xelmwifis winaaRmdeg

asajanyeblad TeimurazTan SeTanxmebas awyobdao. Aamis Sem-

deg igi aRwers im saSinelebas rac ganjaSi datrialda Tei-

murazisa da daud-xanis iq SeWris Sedegad2.

Teimuraz mefes da daud-xans mxari dauWires imereTis

mefem, dadianma da mesxeTis Tavadaznaurebma. maT osmale-

Tis, yirimis saxanos da Crdilo kavkasiis zogierTi mTava-

ris daxmarebis imedic hqondaT. ildar SamxalTan specia-

luri davalebiT gagzavnili andria afanasievi ityobinebo-

da: `yizilbaSTa Sahis daviT-xani, romelic Sahs ganerida,

TurqeTis mefis xalxTan da qarTvelebTan erTad, saqarTve-

loSi dgas didZali xalxiT Sahis xalxis winaaRmdeg. da-

viT-xanma TurqeTis mefes miswera, rom mas (sulTans_T.t.)

yirimeli Singireis moZebna ebrZanebina da sadac ki ar unda

yofiliyo igi, noRaiSi, yirimsa Tu yabardoSi, rogorc

ipovnidnen, gaegzvna Tavisi (sulTnis_T.t.) jarebiTurT os-

maluri gziT Sahis miwa-wylis winaaRmdeg. yovelive es didi

daxmareba iqneba mTTvis (qarTvelebisaTvis_T.t.)~3.

rogorc Cans, SeTqmulebs ganzraxuli hqondaT serio-

zuli samxedro aqciebi. maT, 1632 wlis gazafxulze, `yara-

baRi arezamdisin~ daarbies. yarabaRSi Teimuraz mefesTan

mivida somexTa kaTalikosi didi jariTa da saCuqrebiT. man

mefes iranis ganadgurebis saintereso gegma SesTavaza: ira-

nisa da osmaleTis dapirispirebis pirobebSi, rodesac TiT-

qmis mTeli qarTuli laSqari mefesTan iyo, kaTalikosi 40

aTas meTofes moiyvanda da Tavrizis SviddRian darbevas

1 don pietro avitabile, gv. 43. 2 iqve, gv. 24-25. 3 tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv.74.

319

sTavazobda. misi azriT qarTvelebi gaimarjvebdnen, `mTavar

ÃemwifeT gakurTxebTo da saqristiano SeniT daixsnebiso

da gaZlierdebiano~.

Teimuraz mefem uari Tqva amgvar gegmaze da saqarTve-

loSi dabrunda im ganzraxviT, rom gazafxulze ufro didi

laSqriT Seeseoda irans. Teimurazi ganjidan aiyara da Tan

wamoiyvana daud-xani Tavisi colSviliTa da mTeli Tavisi

bargiT. Tan wamoiyvana somexTa kaTalikosic da gorSi movi-

da1. imereTis mefes, dadians da mesx Tavadebs Teimuraz me-

fem kargad umaspinZla da gaistumra.

daud-xanma didi yuradReba gamoamJRavna gorSi dasax-

lebuli kaTolike misionerebis mimarT. ramdenime xnis Sem-

deg mefe Teimurazma kvlav Sekriba jari da daud-xanTan

erTad isev aiklo Sahis samflobeloebi. es laSqrobac war-

matebiT dasrulda da Teimurazi, daud-xani da maTTan er-

Tad avitabilec gorSi dabrundnen2. safiqrebelia, rom far-

sadan gorgijaniZis da avitabiles mier aRwerili Teimura-

zis gorSi mosvla da didi zeimi iranis meore eqspedicii-

dan dabrunebis Semdeg moxda.

daud-xans gorSi ewvia osmaleTis sulTnis elCi. daud-

xansa da mis stumars patrebma umaspinZles. avitabiles gad-

mocemiT, daud-xans, misionerebisaTvis ukiTxavs: `kmayofili

Tu iqnebiT sulTnis elCis mosayvanad rom gavagzavno kaci,

igi CemTan mosaTaTbireblad aris Camosulio. me mas vuTxari:

neba Tqvenia-meTqi. maSinve gaagzavna kaci mis dasaZaxeblad.

elCi movida da CvenTan erTad isadila~3.

daud-xansa da kaTolike misionerebs Soris sakmaod ax-

lo urTierToba arsebobda. rogorc avitabile gadmogvcems,

igi daud-xans piradad kargad icnobda. 1635 wlis 24 noem-

bers avitabile Teatineli klirikosebis generals don ma-

teo santomangos swerda: 1632 wels `patri jakomos Tanxle-

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 239. 2 don pietro avitabile, gv. 48. 3 iqve, gv. 45.

320

biT ganjaSi mivedi. vfiqrobdi, Cveni megobris, daud-xanis

SemweobiT amenazRaurebina is zarali, rac TbilisSi gaZar-

cviT momayenes. cud dros mivuswariT: daud-xani Tavisi xel-

mwifis winaaRmdeg asajanyeblad TeimurazTan SeTanxmebas aw-

yobda. Cveni molaparakeba, marTalia, kargad daiwyo, magram

jer ver SeZlo misi dasruleba. amave dros brZaneba gasca

CvenTvis adgili moecaT da daavala, rom am adgilas eklesia

da saxli aeSenebinaT, garda amisa, Cven mosamsaxured mogvi-

Cina eqvsi yma, romlebic mokle xanSi gavaTvisufleT~1.

avitabile, erTxel, sxva or misionerTan erTad, daud-

xans ganjaSi ewvia TeatinelTa misionis daarsebis mizniT2.

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom daud-xani gorSi osmaleb-

Tan iranis sawinaaRmdego molaparakebas awarmoebda, magram

rostomis yizilbaSTa didi jariT qarTlSi Semosvlis ga-

mo osamaleTSi gaiqca.

rodesac daud-xanis mier kaTolike misionerebis mimarT

gamoCenili didi yuradRebisa da simpaTiebis Sesaxeb vigebT,

Znelia garkveviT raimis Tqma. mxolod SeiZleba vivaraudoT,

rom daud-xani, Sah abasis mier, politikuri mosazrebiT dam-

kvidrebuli tradiciis, kaTolike misionerebisadmi kargad

mopyrobis, momxre iyo. ase eqceoda maT rostom-xanic.

ganrisxebulma Sah sefim daud-xanis Zma imamyuli-xani

Svilebianad amowyvita3, daud xanis Svilebi daasaWurisa.

1 iqve, gv. 23. 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 183-184. 3 adam oliariusis mixedviT, rodesac Sah sefim imamyuli-xani yaz-

vinSi daibara, man kargad icoda rac eloda, magram mainc wavida

Tavis SvilebTan erTad da moklul iqna yovelgvari braldebis ga-

reSe. Sahs Tavidan misi Svilebis daxocva ganzraxuli ar hqonda,

`magram, rodesac imamyuli-xanis ufrosi, 18 wlis vaJi, keTili ada-

mianebis rCeviT, daemxo Sahis fexebis sakocnelad, erTma mabezRaram

moaxsena Sahs, rom igi imamyuli-xanis Svili ki ar iyo, aramed Sah

abasisa [odesRac] Sah abasma imamyuli-xans colad misca erT-erTi

qali Tavis haramxanidan, romelic maSin fexmZimed iyo am vaJze. es

moismina ra Sahma, maSinve brZana gaeyvanaT ubeduri Wabuki Tavis

ToTxmet ZmasTan erTad moedanze, mamis gvamTan, sadac yvelani da-

321

daud-xanma osmaleTs Seafara Tavi. `batons Teimurazsac ga-

uwyra yaeni da saqarTvelo batons rostoms misca da sahka-

Ze rostom xan eranis laSqriT Tan gaatanes da qarTvelni

rom yaens axlden, romelic sTxova, Tan gaatanes~1. don pi-

etro avitabiles TqmiT, rostom xanis uzarmazari (zogier-

Ti cnobiT _ 123 aTasi, 130 aTasi) jaris umetesobas qarTve-

lebi Seadgendnen2.

mtris SemoWris momlodine Teimurazs TiTqmis mTeli

qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadaznauroba gadaudga da rostoms miem-

xro. man verc dasavleT saqarTvelodan miiRo daxmareba.

mas zurgi aqcies kaTolike misionerebmac. igi iZulebuli

gaxda 1633 wlis 18 Tebervals mTeli Tavisi saxlobiTa da

erTguli adamianebiT imereTs gaxiznuliyo3.

dauRalavi da moudrekeli Teimuraz I-is iranis winaaR-

mdeg brZolis kidev erTi epizodi, romelis Sedegadac qar-

Tlis taxti rostomma daikava, ara mxolod marcxiT das-

rulda, aramed karga xniT ganisazRvra aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los Semdgomi social-ekonomikuri da politikur-ideologi-

uri ganviTareba. Teimurazis es antisparsuli ajanyeba misi

seriozuli SedegebiT amitomac gaxda qarTveli istorikose-

bis seriozuli gansjis sagani4.

xoces...~ (Oliarius A., Vermehrte neue Beschreibung der Muskovitischen und Persiscytn Reise, Schleisswig, 1656, S. 660). Sah abasis nacolarma rom Svili

gaaCina imamyuli-xanis ojaxSi, 1630-ian wlebSi gavrcelebul am cno-

bas adasturebs don pietro avitabile: ìmam-yuli-xans Tavis sam-

flobeloSi hyavda seralidan wamoyvanili Sah-abasis Svili, rome-

lic mas SeeZina Tavisi erT-erTi colisagan~ (don pietro avitabi-

le, cnobebi saqarTveloze, gv. 43). 1 farsadan gorgijaniZe CamoTvlis qarTl-kaxeTis im didi Tavadebs,

romlebic rostoms iranidan saqarTveloSi Camohyvnen. iqve, gv. 239-240. 2 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze, gv. 48. 3 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 125; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III,

gv. 189. 4 gabaSvili v., undilaanT feodaluri saxli XVI-XVII ss. iranSi,

gv. 78-79; jamburia g., qarTl-kaxeTis droebiTi gaerTianeba. saqar-

322

Teimurazisa da daud-xan undilaZis 1632 wlis antispar-suli ajanyeba iyo Teimuraz mefis yvelaze gabeduli da seri-ozuli epizodi iranis winaaRmdeg misi xangrZlivi SeiaraRe-buli brZolisa. es ar iyo mxolod nadavlis mopovebisaTvis mowyobili laSqroba; saqarTveloSi iranis gabatonebis Tavi-dan acileba iyo Teimurazis sagareo politikisa da diploma-tiis qvakuTxedi mTeli misi mefobis ganmavlobaSi; es iyo da-savleT evropaze xelCaqneuli Teimuraz mefis cda imave evro-pisaTvis eCvenebina, rom irani, misi qveynis yvelaze didi mte-ria da mtrisaTvis samagieros gadaxda maTi daxmarebis gare-Sec SeeZlo; Tu imamyuli-xan undilaZe samxreTSi ajanydebo-da da CrdiloeTidan ki Teimurazi da daud-xani daartyamdnen, iranis saelmwifo daiSleboda. es iqneboda Teimuraz mefis, rogorc piradi, ise misi qveynis SurisZieba Sah abasis mtarva-lobaze; Teimurazis, qarTl-kaxeTis mefis, xelisufleba gav-rceldeboda mTel samxreT kavkasiaze.

Canafiqri ver ganxorcielda. Teimurazis mowinaaRmdege-

ebma, rostom xanis meTaurobiT, imarjves. igi yizilbaSTa Za-

laze dayrdnobiT qarTlSi gabatonda. rogorc iv. javaxiSvi-

li aRniSnavda, àmgvarad, brmisTvisac cxadi unda gamxdariyo,

rom Teimuraz mefis batonoba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos damo-

ukideblobasa da maincdamainc damoukideblobisaTvis Tav-

ganwiruls brZolas moaswavebda, rostomis mefoba ki Cveni

qveynis monobasa da sparsTa batonobis momavlinebeli iyo~1.

am droisaTvis Teimurazis mimarT uaryofiTad ganwyo-

bili kaTolike misionerebis da, saerTod, romis damokidebu-

lebas unda gamoxatavdes don pietro avitabile, rodesac

igi, misi gagebiT, rostomis mier samarTlianad gandevnili

Teimurazis (man xom ar aRiara kaTolicizmi) Secdomebis

(Tundac iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyeba) Sesaxeb swers: ìranis

axal Sahs (sefis _e.m.) moxuci Sahisagan (abasisagan _e.m.) mi-

Tvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 294; nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan

baxtrionamde, gv. 113-116; tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., 75-78. 1 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, Tb., 1967, gv. 369;

323

Rebuli hqonda instruqcia, rom TeimurazTan kargi urTier-

Toba daemyarebina da jildod misTvis mieca sabaraTiano,

romelic erT provinciad iTvleba, da agreTve somxiTic _

esec meore provinciaa. garda amisa, TeimurazTan rom ukeTe-

si urTierToba ganemtkicebina, mas colad qaliSvili sTxo-

va, risTvisac gaugzavna uZvirfasesi saCuqrebi... mas Zalian

bevri velaparakeT da bevri ram gavukeTeT imisaTvis, rom mas

sqizma daetovebina da uwmindes samociqulo taxts SeerTebo-

da. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogjer keTili ganwyobileba gamo-

uCenia, yovel SemTxvevaSi, mas yurSi mudam berZnebi CasCurCu-

lebdnen, ris gamoc yoymanobda da Tavis Sexedulebaze mag-

rdeboda: amitom RmerTma mas es mkacri sasjeli gamounaxa...~1

Teimuraz mefe yizilbaSTa uzarmazari laSqris wina-

Se TiTqmis martodmarto darCa~ `mefe imaze iyo gagulise-

buli, rom Tundac ori aTasi oRond erTguli jariskaci

rom myoloda, mters davamarcxebdio. meore faqtic uklavda

guls _ man ver gamoiyena is, rom is qarTvelebi, romlebic

sparselTa banakSi imyofebodnen, Teimurazis mxares gadmo-

vidodnen da isini ki imdenad mravalricxovani iyvnen, rom

iranis jaris umetesobas Seadgendnen~2.

rostomis qarTlSi gamefebiT, am samefom damoukideb-

loba dakarga. igi iranis Sahis xelisuflebas daeqvemdeba-

ra. es garemoeba maSinve SeniSna iseTma Wkvianma damkvirve-

belma, rogoric patri avitabile iyo. igi 1633 wlis 1 oq-

tombers romSi acnobebda, rom ès qveyana (qarTlis same-

fo_e.m.) aRar aris qristiani mefeebis mflobelobaSi, ara-

med Sahis domenia~3.

am droidan iwyeba xangrZlivi brZola Teimuraz I-sa

da rostom-xans Soris qarTlSi mefobisaTvis.

1 don pietro avitabile, gv. 48-49 2 iqve, gv. 48 3 iqve, gv. 18.

324

VIII. Teimuraz I-is diplomatiuri urTierToba ruseTTan Teimuraz I-is diplomati nikifore berZeni

Teimuraz I-s imereTSi sruliad Secvlili politiku-

ri mdgomareoba daxvda. aRarsad Canda saerTo qarTuli saq-

misadmi is erToba da erTguleba, rodesac mefe-mTavrebi

erToblivad moqmedebdnen osmaleTis winaaRmdeg. ufro me-

tic, isini aRmosavleT saqarTvelosac exmarebodnen irani-

sagan TavdacvaSi. dapirispirebis moTave odiSis mTavari

levan II dadiani iyo. imereTis mefe giorgi III-s, Teimurazis

mZaxals, Tavis Tavi gasWireboda da Teimurazs veRar daex-

mareboda. ufro metic, levan II dadianis SiSiT igi quTaisi-

dan veRar gadioda. amgvar mdgomareobaSi yofna daudgrome-

li TeimurazisaTvis autaneli iyo da Tavis samefoSi dasab-

runeblad Sesaferis moments eloda.

1634 wels rostom mefis winaaRmdeg ajanyebulma qar-

Tlis Tavadebma Teimurazi miiwvies. igi qarTlSi gadavida,

magram damarcxda da mxolod kaxeTis taxti daibruna mas

Semdeg, rac Sahis mier kaxeTis mmarTvelad daniSnuli se-

lim-xani gaaZeva. rostomma didi jariT gailaSqra Teimura-

zis winaaRmdeg. Ggamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili Teimu-

razi iZulebuli gaxda rostomisaTvis mociqulebi gaegzavna

da Serigeba da SahTan Suamdgomloba eTxova. Teimurazi Sahs,

Serigebis SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi qaliSvilis TinaTinis micemas

hpirdeboda. ès anbavi rostom mefes nametnavad iama da yaens

arza miswera da laSqroba moiSala... qveynis damSvidebis da

Cxubis dawynarebisaTvis yaens miswera da imaTac eamebina da

yaenis asre brZaneba mouvida _ Tqveni Serigeba gviamao, kargi

giqniaTo da batoniSvili TinaTin didis pativiT gamois-

tumreTo... batons Teimurazs aTasi Tumani TeTri da aTasis

Tumnis ÃalaTi gaugzavnes da kargi saimedo rayami misweres,

ase rom rac amas winaT Segicodebiao, yvela SegvindviTo da

amas ukano Sen da rostom mefe SerigdiTo, Cven gviamebiso

da orTav mravals wyalobas gizamTo da asre kidev mefis

325

rostomisaTvis ebrZanebina~1. amgvarad, Sahma kvlav oficia-

lurad scno qristiani Teimurazi kaxeTis mefed, rac iranis

mxridan, rogorc kaxeTis taxts axlad dauflebul Teimu-

razs SeiZleboda efiqra, sisustis gamomJRavneba iyo. igi

rom ase fiqrobda, gamoCnda misi Semdgomi moqmedebidan.

Teimurazi xelsayrel moments eloda Sah sefisa da

rostom mefis winaaRmdeg brZolis dasawyebad. TiTqos ase-

Ti dro dadga 1635 wels osmaleTis mier iranis winaaRmdeg

warmatebiT ganaxlebuli omis dros. sulTanma, Sikrikebis

xeliT gagzavnili sigelebiT, Teimurazs da yirimis xans

1636 wlis gazafxulze mTeli TavianTi jarebiT iranze ga-

laSqreba sTxova. rodesac Sah sefim mosalodneli saf-

rTxis Sesaxeb gaigo, erevnisken gaeSura da iq dadga. Teimu-

raz mefesa da sulTans Soris urTierToba grZeldeboda

(`maT Soris Sikrikebi midimodiodnen~), imdenad, rom qar-

TvelTa razmebi SamaxaSi SeiWrnen, qlaqebi daipyres da

xelT igdes mravali tyve. SemdgomSi omi sparselebis mowi-

naaRmdegeTa warumateblad warimarTa da axla ukve Sahis

laSqari iWreba kaxeTSi2. Znelia imis Tqma, ramdenad Seefe-

reba sinamdviles rusuli wyarodan amoRebuli sparselebis

winaaRmdeg brZolis amsaxveli es cnobebi. maTi damadastu-

rebeli sxva wyaro ar aris.

Teimuraz mefe mdgomareobas mainc ar egueboda da

qarTlis taxtis dapyrobisaTvis emzadeboda, magram amis

miRweva mokavSiris gareSe SeuZlebeli iyo. naTeli iyo

isic, rom aseT mokavSired osmaleTi veRar gamodgeboda da

man daxmarebis saTxovnelad berZeni mitropoliti nikifore

moskovSi elCad gagzavna.

nikifore berZeni saqarTveloSi movida 1623-1624 wleb-

Si. Teimurazma es pirovneba konstantinopolis patriariarq

kirile lukariss sTxova3.

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 244. 2 Тивадзе Т., Материалы, с. 170-171, док. №33. 3 Переписка, с. 9.

326

imis gamo, rom kirile lukarisi laTinebis mteri iyo

(gavixsenoT dasavleT evropidan samSoblosken momavali ni-

kifore irbaxis mier konstantinopolSi gadatanili usia-

movneba, raSic patriarqis xelic eria) da marTlmadidebe-

li ruseTs miiCnevda im Zalad, romelsac SeeZlo seriozu-

li roli Seesrulebina osmalTa uRlidan saberZneTis gan-

Tavisuflebis saqmeSi, ruseTSi igi pativiscemiT sar-

geblobda. rogorc Cans yovelive es Teimuraz mefem kargad

icoda da man, Tavis diplomtebze gulacruebulma, iseTi pi-

rovneba sTxova patriarqs, romelsac igi endoboda da osma-

leTTan da ruseTTan urTierTobebis mogvarebas miandobda.

Teimuraz mefis amgvari moqmedeba, rom ucxoeli gamoeyene-

bina politikur saqmianobaSi, gasakviri ar iqneba (gavixse-

noT, man, nikifore berZenze adre, italieli don pietro

avitabile gagzavna romSi), Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qarTveli

mefeebis mier diplomatebad ucxoelebis gamoyenebis praqti-

kas. amgvari praqtika sxva saxelmwifoebSic arsebobda.

rogorc Cans, nikiforem gaumarTla imedebi Teimuraz

mefes, rac gansakuTrebiT kargad gamoCnda moskovTan misi

diplomatiur mimoweraSi.

mitropolit nikifores Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebi

mocemulia mis mier 1635 wels moskovSi Catanil Teimurazis

werilSi.

nikifores Tan mihqonda konstantinopolis patriarqis

1634 wlis agvistoTi daTariRebuli sarekomendcio weri-

lic1, romelic mTlianad nikifores qebaa. kerZod, masSi

naTqvamia, rom mefe Teimurazi ruseTis xelmwifesTan Tavis

elCad gzavnis uwmindes da mokrZalebul baton nikifores

_ patriarqis moadgiles, iveriis arqimandrits. CamoTvli-

lia elCisaTvis aucilebeli damaxasiaTebeli is niSnebi,

romlebsac nikifore flobda2.

1 Там же, с. 121. 2 Там же, с. 120-121

327

Teimuraz mefis am elCis pirovnebis Sefasebisas qar-

Tul istoriografiaSi gamoTqmulia uaryofiTi mosazreba1,

rac gadaWarbebulad mkacrad mimaCnia. nikifore berZens,

rom nakli hqonda, aRniSnulia winamdebare naSromSic, mag-

ram ZiriTadad, qarTuli politikuri cxovrebisa da diplo-

matiis maSindel dones Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, vfiqrob, uf-

ro obieqturia nikifore mitropolitis T. tivaZiseuli Se-

faseba: Cans, rom igi sakmaod ganaTlebuli adamiani iyo, ra-

sac mowmobs misi weris manera da saRvTo sjulis codna.

iyo moqnili diplomati, rac kargad gamovlinda ruseTis

samefo karTan misi urTierTobisas; man kargad icoda Tavi-

si drois saerTaSoriso politikuri viTareba, ruseTis sa-

erTaSoriso wona da pretenziebi; igi aseve kargad flobda

saqarTvelos Sidapolitikur peripetiebs2.

radgan patriarqi kirile lukarisis werili daTariRe-

bulia 1634 wlis agvistoTi, zogierT mkvlevars afiqrebi-

nebs, rom elCobis gagzavna Teimuraz mefes Cafiqrebuli

hqonda adre, magram mis ganxorcielebaSi xeli SeuSala sxva-

1 rogorc Teimuraz mefe ruseTis xelmwifes acnobebda, masTan ag-

zavnida «нареченного митрополита святыя области кукосонские, лурского честного ехзарха всея Исхания кир-Никифора греченина» (Полиевктов М.,

Ук. труд, с. 108). T. tivaZis varaudiT, `kukosoni~ SeiZleba niSnavdes

kak-enisels, xolo ìsxania~ _ sofel Sixians, romelic eniseli-

dan 2 kilometrze mdebareobda samxreTiT (tivaZe T., Teimuraz

pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 83). nikifores uaryofiTi daxasia-

Teba Teimuraz mefis mier misi ruseTSi meored gagzavnisas gatane-

buli werilis monacemebis mixedviT (ix. kekeliZe k., nikifore ir-

baxi. iniciatori qarTuli stambis daarsebisa romSi. ètiudebi

Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan~, Tb., 1945, gv. 294; java-

xiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, 1967, gv. 386-389). d. kari-

WaSvils nikifore orbaxi da nikifore berZeni erTi da igive pi-

rovneba egona (kariWaSvili d., qarTuli wignis beWdvis istoria,

tf., 1927, gv. 21-22). k. kekeliZem daadgina, rom dasaxelebuli pirov-

nebebi Teimuraz I-is sxvadasxva elCebi iyvnen (kekeliZe k., nikifo-

re irbaxi, gv. 293-296). 2 tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 93.

328

dasxva araxelsayrelma garemoebam1. isic unda iTqvas, rom

Teimuraz mefe, SeZlebisdagvarad, cdilobda romelime pat-

riarqis, kerZod imis, visTanac mas mocemul periodSi kargi

urTierToba hqonda, misi sarekomendacio weriliT elCis aR-

Wurva. SeiZleba gavixsenoT nikifore irabaxis gagzavna evro-

paSi ierusalimis patriarqis sarekomendacio weriliT.

Teimuraz mefem ruseTis xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zes

sakmaod vrceli werili gaugzavna, romelic daTariRebu-

lia 1635 wlis 17 seqtembriT2. werili uaRresad saintere-

soa. igi TiTqmis srul warmodgenas gviqmnis rogor esmoda

am qarTvel mefes ruseTTan urTierToba da rogor esaxebo-

da misi ganxorcielebis gzebi. Cvens winaSe cocxldeba Tei-

muraz mefe, rogorc politikosi da diplomati.

1. elCis wardgena. rogorc iTqva, werilis dasawyisSi

mniSvnelovani adgili daTmobili aqvs elC nikifores adami-

anuri Tvisebebis qebasa da mis damsxurebas Teimuraz mefis

winaSe.

Teimurazi ruseTis xelmwifes Tavis elCze moaxsenebs

Semdegs: radganac Cveni patriarqi aResrula da ar gvyavs

sxva patriarqi3, amitom es mitropoliti ar aris xeldasxmu-

1 Накашидзе Н., Грузино-русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, с. 110; tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv. 80. 2 T. tivaZe iTvaliswinebda, rom berZnul marTlmadideblur samyaro-

Si axali weli 1 seqtembridan aiTvleboda da werilis namdvil Ta-

riRad 1634 wlis 17 seqtemberi miaCnda. tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv. 81. 3 gaugebaria 1634 Tu 1335 wels Sedgenil werilSi Teimuraz mefe

ratom ambobs, rom am dros patriarqi ar gvyavso, maSin, rodesac

1632-1642 wlebSi kaTalikos-patriarqi iyo evdemoz I diasamiZe, ro-

melic Teimuraz mefis sasargeblod mowyobil rostomis sawinaaR-

mdego SeTqmulebaSi monawileobisaTvis daiRupa. SeiZleba vivarau-

doT, rom, radgan sapatriarqo kaTedra mcxeTaSi iyo da Teimu-

razs, rogoc kaxeTis mefes, mcxeTaze xeli ar miuwvdeboda, amitom

ambobs, rom patriarqi ar gvyavdao. isic SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom

axlad gamefebulma rostomma patriarqi evdemozi droebiT gadaa-

yena. am varaudis sasargeblod metyvelebs don pietro avitabiles

erTi cnoba: qarTlSi axladmosul rostoms nikifore irbaxi odi-

329

li. igi erTi welia rac zemoT dasaxelebul mxaresa da sa-

mitropolitos flobs. saqarTveloSi wesadaa, rom xeldaus-

xmelma mitropolitma erTi weli unda ganagos Tavisi epar-

qia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi am Tanamdebobas ver daika-

vebs. am mitropolitma, iveriis miwa-wyalze qristianobisaT-

vis mravali sikeTe, Sroma da daxmareba gaswia. amitom gzav-

nis mefe mas moskovSi. àmisaTvis miyenia igi Cems saxelmwi-

foSi yvela boiarsa da arqielze maRla, radgan aris mefis

samsaxurisa da brZanebebis patiosani da Rirseuli Semsru-

lebeli. romel samefosa da saxelmwifoSic elCad gavag-

zavne, yovelTvis warmatebiT dabrunda~. Teimuraz mefes mra-

vali boiari da arqieli gaugzavnia sxvadasxva mefesTan mra-

vali saCuqriT, magram veravin gaakeTa imdeni ramdenic aman.

nikifore sruliad gansxvavdeboda sxva berZnebisagan. saqar-

TveloSi berZnebi mravlad modiodnen, magram gamoCndebodnen

Tu ara sparselebi isini maSinve stovebdnen am qveyanas. niki-

fore ki, yovelTvis mefis gverdiT iyo. ùdidebuleso mefe,

Tqvens did samefoSi adrec da araerTxel gamovagzavneT

sxva elCebi, magram araferi gagvikeTes da namdvili pasuxi

ar mogvitanes... magram es sadac gavagzavneT, xelcarieli

arasodes dabrunebula. cargradis sulTanTan gavagzavneT _

Segvariga da saqme ise mogvigvara, rogorc gvWirdeboda da

gvsurda. vazirma mogvwera, rom sulTanma isurva, rom sxva

dros masTan mis garda sxva elCi ar gagvegzavna~1.

Teimuraz mefe Semdeg wers im diplomatiur warmate-

bebze, romlebic nikifores moRvaweobis Sedegad iqna mopo-

vebuli osmaleTis mier iranis winaaRmdeg omis dawyebis

saqmeSi. nikiforeze adre me viyavi konstantinopolSi sul-

Sidan mouwvevia da, rogorc 1633 wlis 1 agvistos werilSia naT-

qvami: `xalxSi xma dadis, rom (rostoms _ e. m.) misi (nikifore - e.

m.) patriarqad dasma undao~. nikiforem uari Tqva am SeTavazebaze.

avitabiles cnoba Tu simarTles Seefereba, maSin gamodis, rom

rostomma, nikifore irbaxis mier uaris Tqmis Semdeg, evdemozi

isev kaTalikosisad aRadgina. 1 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы,… док. №6, с. 108-109.

330

TanTan, magram amas ver mivaRwieo1. ìm dros, rodesac Sahi

Tavs dagvesxa, Cemi yvela boiari da arqieli SeSinda da wi-

naaRmdegoba ver gaswia, es elCi ki, romelsac Sens did me-

fobasTan vagzavni, Cveni gulisaTvis Sahis winaaRmdeg xmli-

Ta da fariT dadga da qristianebs exmareboda da meTau-

robda. rac axalgazrdobidan mamuli da qoneba hqonda, yve-

laferi qristianobisaTvis daxarja~2.

Teimurazi xelmwifes sTxovs nikifores mousminos, yo-

velive is rac mas sityvierad daabares da es werili sai-

dumlod Seinaxos ise, rogorc mefesa da xelmwifes saidum-

loebaTa Senaxvas Seefereba. Teimuraz mefe mixeil Tedores

Zes Seaxsenebs, rom mis qveyanaSi sxvadasxva xalxebis war-

momadgenlebi cxovroben da sasurveli ar aris maT icodnen

rogor gadawydeba Cveni saqmeebi. amitomac gamovagzavne mci-

rericxovani elCoba. Semdeg, rodesac saqmes movagvarebT,

maSin gaigos yvela mefem.

2. saerTaSoriso mdgomareobis mokle mimoxilva. Teimu-

raz mefe ruseTis xelmwifes yvela marTlmadidebeli qris-

tianis mefes uwodebs. Seaxsenebs, rom xelmwifis papa da Tei-

murazis papa aleqsandre da mama daviTi, erTmaneTis mimarT

did siyvarulSi iyvnen, erTmaneTs elCebs ugzavnidnen. Cvens

Sorisac amgvari da ukeTesi urTierToba iqneboda, rom ara

Cvens Soris muslimanebis Cadgoma. `rodesac muslimani3 xal-

xebi da mefeebi gaigeben, rom qristian mefeebs Soris didi

siyvaruli da kavSiria, didad SeSindebian ara mxolod mus-

limani mefeebi, aramed yvela mefeebi da saxelmwifoebi, rad-

gan yvela mefeebsa da xelmwifeebs Soris uTanxmoeba da di-

di omebia, germanelebic areulobaSi imyofebian~4.

3. Tanamedrove politikuri sakiTxebis mosagvareblad

1 Там же, с. 109-110. 2 Там же, с. 110. 3 werilSi Turqebia. rogorc Cans, Teimurazi TurqebSi muslima-

nebs gulisxmobs. 4 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы,… док. №6, с. 111.

331

aucilebelia istoriis umniSvnelovanesi gakveTilebis gax-

seneba-gaTvaliswineba. Teimuraz mefe mixeil Tedores Zis

yuradRebas miapyrobs centralur evropaSi mimdinare ocda-

aTwliani omze, qristianul saxelmwifoebs Soris diploma-

tiur da samxedro dapirispirebaze, rac sasargebloa saq-

ristianos mteri muslimanuri qveynebisaTvis. Teimurazs

arc imis Sexseneba daviwyebia, rom amgvari dapirispirebis,

urTierTgaugebrobisa da meryeobis Sedegi iyo Turqebis mi-

er cargradis dapyroba da wminda eklesiebisa da monastre-

bis Segineba, meCeTebis Cadgma, berZeni mefeebis modgmis ga-

daSeneba, uRmerTo muslimanebis gamravleba da mefoba. ke-

Tili berZnebi icaven TavianT rwmenas, romelic aris fesvi

da sawyisi yvela qristianisa. romeli modgmac ki Turqebis

xelSi aRmoCnda, yvela suliTa da xorciT daiRupa. aq Cans

berZnebisadmi damokidebulebaSi ormagi standarti. saqar-

TveloSi mcxovrebi berZnebisadmi Teimuraz mefe frTxil

damokidebulebas iCens da maT garkveul sakiTxebsa da viTa-

rebaSi ar endoba. magram rodesac igi moskovis xelmwifes-

Tan urTierTobs, iTvaliswinmebs ruseTSi berZnebisadmi

karg damokidebulebas, man icis rom berZnebs moskovSi da

sxvaganac maRali saeklesio Tanamdebobebi ukaviaT, serio-

zul rols asruleben ganaTlebasa da mecnierebaSi, amitom

Teimurazi maTdami gulTbil damokidebulebas amJRavnebs.

4. saqarTvelos warsuli da Tanamedrove mdgomareoba.

saqarTvelos warsulsa da Tanamedrove mdgomareobas Tei-

muraz mefe aRwers, rogorc mZimes. sainteresoa, rom igi

qarTuli saxelmwifos dafuZnebas qristianobis gamarjvebas

ukavSirebs. `mravaljer iyo sparselebisgan ganadgureba,

Semdeg sxva xalxebisganac, didi omebisagan ngreva. yov-

lismpyrobelma RmerTma ar mogvaklo Tavisi mowyaleba da

qristianoba ar daaneba sabolood gasanadgureblad, radga-

nac aq, mcxeTis did eklesiaSi dadebul iqna qristes kvar-

Ti, aqvea dRemde Cveni sapatriarqo. gvinda Sens did mefo-

basTan viyveT megobrobasa da siyvarulSi, viyoT daculni

Seni samefos siaxloves, raTa didi eklesia da qristes

wminda kvarTi ar Cavardes muslimanTa xelSi, ar ganad-

332

gurdes aqauri mxareebi, monastrebi da eklesiebi, qristia-

nuli saxelmwifoebi...~1

radgan TviTmpyrobeli mefe xar, mimarTavs Teimurazi

mixeil Tedores Zes, xar yvela mefisa da saxelmwifos me-

Tauri, amitom `TviTmpyrobelo mefev! rogorc yvela mefisa

da xelmwifis meTaurs, axla, dReidan gadmogcem iverTa mi-

wa-wyals, wminda eklesiebs da wminda qristes kvarTs. dai-

cavi Cveni ufali ieso qristes meored mosvlamde, rameTu

TviT ufalma warmosTqva: `Zlierebs SeuZliaT zidon tvir-

Ti sustebisao... da viqnebiT Tqvens Zlier saxelmwifosTan

erTad, aseve iqneba Cveni saqarTvelo da Cven viqnebiT Seni

didi qveyana... rogorc moiqcnen Cveni papebi da mamebi, ise

unda moviqceT Cvenc, sanamdis ar daviRupeT da Sens mefo-

basTan siyvarulSi varT~2.

Tavis samefoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb Teimu-

raz mefe wers Semdegs: amJamad, RvTis SewevniT, qarTli da

kaxeTi erT saxelmwifod gaerTianda, roca qrTlis samefo

calke iyo didi xnis ganmavlobaSi aragvis gzaze Cems el-

Cebs ar atarebdnen da Zarcvavdnen. amitom iyo, rom Tqven-

Tan elCebs ver vagzavnidiT. amas garda, roca uRmerTo Sahi

gaigebda, rom TqvenTan elCebs vagzavnidiT, brazdeboda. im

uRmerTo Sahs imisi eSinia, rom Cven da Tqven ar gaverTian-

deT da misi qveyana ar gavanadguroT. Sahis karze Cveni

xalxi gvyavs, da iq rac xdeba yvelafris saqmis kursSi

varT. isini yvelafers gvweren. gavxdi Tu ara iveriis mefe,

aRricxuli gvaqvs, rom Cvenma xalxma 47 aTasi yizilbaSi

gawyvita. Sahi cdilobs saCuqrebiT mogvatyuos da qristia-

noba gaanadguros da samfo dinastia amowyvitos. Cven ki,

mravali welia jvriT xelSi da Tqveni didi mefobis sabed-

nierod, vebrZviT dRe da Rame. roca Sahma gaigo, rom elCis

gamogzavna gvinda TqvenTan, Sewuxda, radgan axla marto

1 Там же, с. 112. 2 Там же, с. 112-113.

333

var da ver mimorCilebs, mere, roca moskovis mefesTan kav-

SirSi viqnebi, veRarasodes damimorCilebs1.

5. qarTl-kaxeTis mTavari mteri irania. Teimuraz mefe,

ruseTis xelmwife Sahis veragobasa da sicbiereSi rom daar-

wmunos, uaxloesi warsulidan ixsenebs Semdegs: axla Tqven-

Tan elCad rom nikifore gamovagzavne adrec mqonda ganzra-

xuli misi gamogzavna, magram amis Sesaxeb Sahma gaigo, gan-

risxda da malemsrboli gamomigzavna werilebiT da surda

gaego ra saqme mqonda da ratom vagzavnidi elCs moskovis

xelmwifesTan. malemsrbolis Semdeg did elCi gamomigzavna

saCuqrebiTa da werilebiT. mwerda, rom Cemi qaliSvilis co-

lad SerTva undoda. Cven Tu movisurvebdiT masTan megobro-

bas, maSin Cemi vaJisaTvis colad mTavazobda imamyuli-xanis

asuls, mxolod im pirobiT, rom TqvenTan, moskovis xelmwi-

fesTan, elCs aRar gamovgzavnidio. samagierod Sahi Teimu-

razs ppirdeboda, rom saqarTvelosa da irans Soris mudmivi

mSvidoba damyardeboda. Teimurazis azriT, Sahs boroti Cana-

fiqri hqonda: roca mefis asuls waiyvanda, maSin mefe veRar-

sad wauvidoda. Semdeg Teimuraz mefe hyveba, rom Sahis elCi

miiRo ise rogorc elCs ekadreba, daasaCuqra da uTxra: me

SahisaTvis misacemi asuli ar myavs, radgan is qristiania, Sa-

hi ki musulmani, Cveni kanoni gvikrZalavs da iveriel mefeebs

arasodes es ar CaudeniaT da verc me Cavideno. vaJic erTa-

derTi myavs taxtis memkvidre da verc mas Cavagdeb musul-

manTa xelSi. mirCevia Cemi sisxli davRvaro, vidre Cemi qa-

liSvili muslims mivce. Sahs Tu CvenTan Zveleburad megob-

roba da siyvaruli unda, ase iyos, Tu ara da rogorc enebe-

bodeso. Teimurazma sxvac iseT rameebi daabara elCs Sahi-

saTvis gadasacemad, rom xelmwifisTvis gankuTvnil werilSi

maTi dawera uxerxulad miuCnevia.

ganrisxebul Sahs jari Seukrebia da iveriaze galaS-

qreba daupirebia. amis Sesaxeb Teimurazs Tavis kacebma ac-

nobes. manac Sekriba jari da ganjaSi SeiWra da gaanadgura

1 Там же, с. 114-115.

334

da gadawva. ganjis xanma daudma, aliyuli-xanis Zmam, Teimu-

raz mefes morCileba gamoucxada. man sxva adgilebic aik-

lo, 13 aTasi sparseli mokla da Tavis samefoSi dabrunda,

daud-xani ki sulTanTan gagzavna. cxra Tvis Semdeg Sahi wa-

movida da yazvinSi dadga da mTeli jari saqarTveloze ga-

mogzavna. meore mxridan Sahis mokavSire dadiani, romelmac

Tavisi da sparsels (rostom-xans) misca, Tavisi jariT movi-

da. Teimuraz mefem baSiaCukisken (imereTi) daixia. Mmisi

mtrebi ukan gabrundnen. Teimuraz mefes moskovSi elCis

gagzavna maSinve sdomebia, magram gzebi Caketili iyoo.

Segnebulad vrclad gadmoveci Teimuraz mefis weri-

lis is adgili, sadac laparakia saqarTvelo-iranis urTi-

erTobaze. rogorc Cans, ruseTTan kavSiris damyarebis da

misi mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis dros Teimurazi, ZiriTadad,

iranis agresiisagan Tavis dacvas eswrafoda. am da zemoT

ganxiluli sxva masalebis gacnobis Semdeg ver gaviziareb

mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac, `Tu davukvirdebiT, ro-gorc espaneTTan dakavSirebisas, ise ruseTTan urTierTo-bis drosac aSkarad ikveTeba ruseTis, saqarTvelosa da aR-

mosavleTis patriarqebis interesebi: Teimurazis elCebi

madridSic da moskovSic konstantinopolis patriarqebis

werilebiT midian, espaneTisa da ruseTis mTavrobaTa winaSe

Teimurazi antiosmaluri Zalebis damrazmvelis rolSi ga-

modis da rogorc qristianobis burjs, ruseTs Tavisi misi-

is Sesrulebisaken mouwodebs~1.

mravaljer aRvniSne da kvlav unda gavimeoro: Teimu-

raz pirvelisaTvis mTavari mteri iranis Sahebi iyvnen da

igi arasodes ar gegmavda antiosmaluri koaliciis Seqmnas.

igi antiiranuli koaliciis SeqmnisaTvis iRwvoda. rac See-

xeba antiosmalur koaliciaSi konstantinopolis patriar-

qebis Cabmis mcdelobas, arc es Seesabameba sinamdviles. ru-

seTTan dakavSirebaSi maTi monawileoba, Teimurazis elCebi-

1 tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 85. xazgasma

misia.

335

saTvis mxolod sarekomendacio werilebis micemaSi gamoixa-

ta. nikifore irbaxs ierusalimis patriarqma gaatana aseTi

werili dasavleT evropaSi, xolo nikifore berZens kon-

stantinopolis patriarqma kirile lukarisma moskovSi, ra-

zec Tavis adgilas sakmaod dawvrilebiT iTqva kidec.

zogadad unda aRiniSnos, rom konstantinopolis pat-

riarqebi, osmalo xelisufalTa SiSiT, antisaxelmwifoeb-

riv saqmianobaSi monawileobas eridebodnen, radgan isini

yovelTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki XVII saukuneSi, mudmivi meT-

valyureobis qveS iyvnen. maTTvis yvelaze saxifaTo mar-

Tlmadideblur qveynebTan, upirvelesyovlisa ki ruseTTan

urTierToba iyo.

Teimuraz mefis mier saqarTvelos dasacavad gatare-bul RonisZiebebi, misi elCebis madridSi an moskovSi kar-gad miReba, Teimurazis dasaxelebuli saxelwifoebis mTav-robebisaTvis mimarTva, saqarTvelos mimarT yuradRebis ga-moCenisa da misi iranis agresiisagan dacvisaken mowodeba, risi miRwevac Teimuraz mefes sinamdvileSi undoda, yove-live es, garkveuli gagebiT, osmaleTis sasargeblo saga-reo politikur miswrafebebsac miesadageboda da amitom sulTnis karis uaryofiTi reaqcia Teimuraz mefis dasav-luri politikis gamo, mosalodneli ar iyo.

rac Seexeba osmaleTis saxelmwifos interesebis wina-

aRmdeg saidumlo moqmedebas, am mxriv ierusalimis patriar-

qebi met uflebas aZlevdnen TavianT Tavs da, SemTxveviTi ar

iyo, rom Teimuraz I-is Tanamedrove da Semdgomi patriarqebi

_ Teofanis III (1608-1644), paisiosi (1645-1660) da dosiTeos II

(1669-1707), arcTu usabuTod, moskovis agentebad miaCndaT,

rac dReisaTvis sabolood dadasturebulia1.

6. yuradRebis gamaxvileba mcxeTaSi davanebul qris-

tes kvarTze. im dros, rodesac ruseTSi cnobilia, rom sa-

1 Панченко К. А., Османская империя и судьбы православия на Арабском Востоке (XVI - начало XIX века). Институт Азии и Африки при МГУ им. М. Ломоносова. `Древо жизни~, М., 1998, с. 19.

336

qarTveloSi (mcxeTaSi) qristes kvarTi aRar aris, romelic,

TiTqos, Sah abasma moskovis xelmwifesa da patriarqs, siyva-

rulisa da megobrobis dasturad gaugzavna, SeiZleba viva-

raudoT, rogori efeqti unda moexdina moskovis samefo

karze Teimurazis werilis im adgils, sadac kvarTze iyo

saubari. Teimuraz mefem, rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT,

ruseTTan diplomatiur uerTierTobaSi qristes kvarTs di-

di mniSvneloba mianiWa.

zemoT iTqva, rom Teimuraz mefis elCTan, Teodose man-

glel reviSvilTan, molaparakebis dros (1625 w.) moskovSi,

qristes kvarTis mimarT gansakuTrebuli daintereseba gamo-

amJRavnes, Tumca mizezi ar auxsnes. Tu nikifore berZens da-

vujerebT, Teimuraz mefesa da Teodoses Soris Semdgomi ur-

TierToba, elCisaTvis arasasurvelad ganviTarda. SeiZleba

man Teimurazs moaxsena kidec moskovis kvarTiT dainterese-

bis Sesaxeb, magram Teimurazs, rogorc igi ruseTis xelmwi-

fes werda, informatorebi Sahis karzec hyavda. aqedan gamom-

dinare, savaraudoa, man adreve icoda moskovSi am siwmindes-

Tan dakavSireebuli aJiotaJis Sesaxeb, magram igi ar am-

xelda, rom misTvis yovelive cnobili iyo da TiTqos sxvaTa

Soris axsenebda qarTvelTaTvis da, saerTod, qristianebi-

saTvis uZvirfases relikvias.

qristes kvarTis ase xSirad laparaki 1635 wels Sedge-nil Teimurazis werilSi miT ufro TvalSi sacemia, rom am siwmindis xsenebac ki ar aris imave mefis mier imave mos-kovSi, imave saukunis 10-ian wlebSi gagzavnil werilebSi.

mitropoliti nikifore berZenis mier 1635 wels mos-

kovSi Catanil Teimuraz I-is werilSi, sxvadasxva ambebTan

erTad aRniSnuli iyo, rom `yovlismpyrobelma RmerTma Ta-

visi mowyaleba ar moaklo da (saqarTveloSi) qristianobis

sabolood mospoba ar dauSva, radgan aq, mcxeTis did ekle-

siaSi moTavsebulia qristes kvarTi. aqvea dResac Cveni pat-

riarqi~1.

1 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы,… док. №6, с. 112.

337

yovelgvari eWvis gasafantavad, rom kvarTi namdvilad

saqarTveloSi da, konkretulad, mcxeTaSi iyo, Teimuraz I

ruseTis xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zes sTxovda: `Tqvens

TviTmpyrobelur mefobas SevTxovT ar daakavoT Cveni elCi

da masTan erTad Tqveni elCi gamogzavnoT... raTa man daaT-

valieros Cveni qveyana da qristianoba, wminda eklesiebi da

iverTa mTeli qveyana, mcxeTis didi eklesia, sadac moTavse-

bulia qristes kvarTi da dResac iq aris. raTa Tqvenma

TviTmpyrobelobam WeSmariteba icodes, qristes kvarTi ka-

xeTSi ki ara, qarTlSia~1. rogorc Cans, Teimuraz mefe See-

cada gaesworebina Tavisi elCis, arqiepiskopos Teodose

mangleli reviSvilis mier moskovSi miwodebuli araswori

informacia, romlis mixedviT, qristes kvarTi kaxeTSi, Tei-

muraz mefis gankargulebaSi iyo2.

qristes kvarTi, amis Semdeg, yovelTvis figurirebs

Teimuraz mefis ruseTTan diplomatiur urTierTobis dros

da amitom sxva drosac mogvixdeba masze msjeloba. 7. ori qveynis damakavSirebeli gzis usafrTxoeba. Tei-

muraz mefe saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis Semaferxebel

mniSvnelovan mizezad am ori qveynis damakavSirebel gzaze

arsebul mdgomareobas asaxelebs. is ruseTis xelmwifes im

gzaze miuTiTebs, romelic momavalSi am urTierTobis mTa-

var arteriad unda gadaiqces: `Cvens Soris, iveriis miwa-

wylidan Tergamde Svidi dRis gzaa. Cvens Soris Semaferxe-

beli arc erTi saxelmwifo ar aris. maSin, rodesac iverii-

dan cargradamde 60 dRis savalia, amdenivea iranamdec.

TviTmpyrobelo mefev! Cven unda gavakeToT ise, rom Cveni

xalxi veravin mowyvitos Seni didi samefodan~3.

Teimuraz mefe saqarTvelo-ruseTis damakavSirebeli

gzebis sakiTxs Tavis werilSi kidev ubrundeba da aR-

niSnavs, rom Cvens Soris damabrkolebeli aRaraferia, kara-

1 Там же, с. 118. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis istoria, gv. 59-60. 3 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы,… док. №6, с. 114.

338

kalkani (aragvis xeoba) axla Cvens xelSia da Tqvens mowo-

debaze yovelTvis mzad viqnebiT. gzaze xels veravin Seg-

viSlis, Cveni samflobeloebi daculi da mSvidobiani iqne-

ba; wmida monastrebi, eklesiebi, wminda kvarTi da qristia-

noba daculi iqneba da aRar Cavardeba agarianebis xelSi.

mefe yvelaze STambeWdav magaliTad asaxelebs muslimanTa

xelSi Cavardnil ierusalimSi arsebul mdgomareobas, sa-

dac laTinebi da somxebi erTmaneTs ecilebian vin romel

siwmindes daepatronos1. Teimuraz mefes, pirvel rigSi,

mxedvelobaSi aqvs (rusebmac kargad icodnen), qarTvelebs

rogor waarTves da kvlavac cdiloben waarTvan maTi ekle-

sia-monastrebi wminda qalaqSi. 8. saqarTvelo-ruseTis Seuferxebeli urTierTobisaT-

vis aucilebelia Crdilo kavkasielebis damorCileba da ma-

Ti gaqristianeba. werilis bolos Teimuraz I laparakobs

aRmosavleT saqarTvelosaTvis pirvelxarisxovani sakiTxis

_ saqarTvelo-ruseTis mier Crdilo kavkasielebis er-

Toblivad damorCilebis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxis gadawyvetis

aucileblobis sailustraciod, rogorc yovelTvis, amjera-

dac mas mohyavs sxvadasxva argumenti. kerZod wers, rom mas

ganzraxuli hqonda moskovis xelmwifisaTvis iseTi bedauri

cxeni gaegzavna, romlis msgavsi Sahis TavlaSic ki ar iyo,

magram ver gaugzavna, radgan gza iyo daketili da moskovSi

elCebis gamogzavnac SeuZlebeli iyo. arc moskovis xelmwi-

fis elCebi movidnen, raTa Teimurazs misTvis gaegebinebina,

rom cocxali iyo da iveriis qveyanaSi mefobda. Teimurazi

abaTilebs sparselebis mier ruseTSi gavrcelebul xmebs,

maT mier Teimuraz mefis amogdebis Sesaxeb. Teimurazis az-

riT, saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris Seuferxebeli mogzaurobis

SesaZlebloba unda iyos, raTa ori qveynis elCebma gzaSi

zarali ar ganicados da diplomatiuri fosta lekebis,

Cerqezebis, noRaelebis an TaTrebis xelSi ar aRmoCndes.

amis SiSiT aris, rom Teimurazi moskovSi berZnulad dawe-

1 Там же, с. 114-117.

339

ril werilebs1 agzavnis. Teimurazis azriT, isini Tundac

1 radgan werili berZnul enaze iyo dawerili n. nakaSiZe fiqrob-

da, rom igi nikifores TviTon unda daewera da amitomac aris mas-

Si elCis pirovneba gandidebuli (Накашидзе Н., Ук. труд, с. 108). ga-sagebia, rom Teimurazis karze werili rusulad ver daiwereboda.

Cemi azriT, Teimuraz mefe werilis berZnulad daweris mizezisa

sruliad swor axsnas iZleva. aqve unda gavixsenoT Teimurazis mi-

er moskovSi gagzavnili berZnulad daweril sigelTan dakavSire-

biT, iv. javaxiSvilis mier gamoTqmuli mkacri Sefaseba: `daujere-

belia, rom yvela zemomoyvanili (rac sigelSi weria _ e. m.) TviT

Teimuraz mefes daewerinebios. arc erT gonier politikoss da me-

fes Tavisa da xelisuflebis ase damcireba ar SeeZlo, radgan es

misi miznebis miRwevas Seaferxebda da saxelsac gautexda... niki-

fore mitropolitis gadaWarbebuli qeba-dideba da am berZnulad

dawerili sigelis nikiforesganve daweriloba gvafiqrebinebs, rom

aq imdenad Teimuraz mefis sityvebTan ar unda gvqondes saqme, ram-

denadac TviT nikifores SenaTxzTan. raki am dros saqarTveloSi mmarTvel wreSi berZnulis mcodne aravin iqneboda (moniSvna Cemia _ e. m.), nikifores dawerili Sinaarsi Teimurazisa da misi uaxloe-

si TanamSromlebisaTvis mxolod imdenad iqneboda gasagebi, ramde-

nadac TviT nikifore maT auwyebda. amitom nikifores Aam Tavis da-

nawerSi yvelafris Setana SeeZlo, rasac ki moisurvebda~ (qarTve-

li eris istoria, IV, gv. 388).

sasiqadulo istorikosis aRniSnul mosazrebasTan dakavSire-

biT unda iTqvas, rom nikifore berZeni samefo karTan daaxloebu-

li erTaderTi berZeni ar iyo. maSindel samefo-samTavroebSi xe-

lisuflebasTan daaxloebuli berZenTa simravleze erTxmad aR-

niSnavdnen Tanamedroveni. berZeni sasuliero pirebi sakmaod iyvnen

eklesiebSi da zogierTs maRali Tanamdebobac ekava. isic Cans,

rom zogjer, saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis gadawyve-

tisas, xelisufalni maT azrsac iTvaliswinebdnen. imis Tqma minda,

rom mitropolit nikifores mier daweril (Tu is TviTon werda?)

samefo sigelebis gadamowmebis saSualeba arsebobda. miWirs imis

dajereba, rom ufliswul Teimurazs, mefobisaTvis rom amzadeb-

dnen, berZnuli im doneze ar eswavlebinaT, rom misi saxeliT da-

werili sigelis Sinaarsi ver gaego? sxvaTa Soris, 1629 wels ka-

Tolike patrebi Teimuraz mefesTan Sexvedris Semdeg, aRniSnavdnen

Teimurazis mier qarTulis garda, sparsulis, Turqulisa da ber-

Znulis codnas (TarxniSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 374).

340

qarTveli politikosebisa da diplomatebisaTvis ucxoelebTan

saurTierTobo ena umetes SemTxvevaSi berZnuli iyo. svimon mefem

Tavis elCs espaneTSi berZnulad dawerili sigeli gaatana 1590

wels; Teimuraz mefis elCma arqiepiskoposma Teodose manglelma

ruseTis xelmwifes da patriarq filaret nikitas Zes Teimuraz me-

fis berZnulad dawerili sigeli miutana; manve saelCo prikazSi

berZnulad mouTxro Teimurazis cxovrebis bolo periodze; 1649

wels moskovSi Teimuraz I-isa da aleqsandre III-is elCebma moskov-

Si berZnulad Sedgenili sigelebi Caitanes da sxv.

ra Tqma unda, arasasiamovno iyo, magram sinamdviles Seeferebo-

da Teimuraz mefis is damokidebuleba Tavisi kariskacebisa da di-

debulebisadmi, romelzec werilSia naTqvami. Znelia dasaxeleba im

adamianebisa, romlebmac Teimuraz mefesTan urTierToba bolomde

Tu ara, didxans mainc SesZles. iSviaT gamonakliss mitropoliti

nikifore warmoadgenda, ase, rom sigelSi gamoTqmuli samduravi

diplomatebisa da sxvaTa mimarT Teimuraz mefis surviliT unda

iyos dawerili. amiT mefes kidev erTxel undoda xazi gaesva Tavisi

mdgomareobisaTvis, rom mas sxva gaWirvebasTan erTad erTguli da

Wkviani adamianebic ar hyavs. magram es srulebiT ar niSnavda imas,

rom maSindel saqarTveloSi ar iyvnen Wkviani da sando adamianebi.

aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom Teimuraz mefis pirovnul Tvisebebs Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT, Znelia dajereba imisa, rom is imdenad gulub-

ryvilod endoboda nikifores, rom man arc ki icoda ra ewera misi

saxeliT ruseTSi gagzavnil werilebSi da mis elCs, TviTneburad,

mefis daukiTxavad, sigelSi raime Caematebina an Seesworebina. amis

gakeTeba elCisaTvis uaRresad saxifaTo iyo, radgan amgvari TviT-

neboba gaugebari ar darCeboda. sapasuxo elCoba Teimurazis weri-

lis pasuxsac Camoitanda, rogorc werilobiT, ise zepirad da weri-

lis Sinaarsi da elCis mier sityvierad gacxadebulic cnobili

gaxdeboda. amgvari Sedegis gauTvaliswinebloba mosalodneli ar

iyo nikifore berZenisTana gamocdili diplomartisaTvis. nikifore

irbaxis amgvar Secdomaze Teimurazis reaqcias ukve gavecaniT.

Nnikifore berZeni Teimurazis erTguli darCa sicocxlis bolom-

de da igi erT-erTi rusuli wyaros mixedviT, am erTgulebas See-

wira kidec. nikifore 1648 wels yizilbaSebs kaxeTze Tavdasxmis

dros SeupyraT, mouklavT da misi mokveTeli Tavi TavrizSi gaug-

zavniaT (Накашидзе Н., Ук. труд, с, 251, прим. 550). es cnoba simarTles

ar unda Seeferebodes, radgan nikifore toloCanovis mixedviT

1651 wels nikifore berZeni imereTSi mefe TeimurazTan imyofebo-

341

mtrebs Cauvardes xelSi, mainc ver gaigeben. Teimurazi ga-

mosavals xedavs lekebis winaaaRmdeg erToblivi laSqro-

bis mowyobaSi. ùRvTo lekebisagan Seuracxyofilni varT.

is lekebi Seni samflobelosTvisac ukeTuri mezoblebi

arian da CvenTvisac. isini areul dros elodebian. winaT es

lekebi Cvens samflobeloebSi, rogorc Cveni monebi, xolo

maTi voevodebis Svilebi ki CvenTan mZevlebad iyvnen. roca

SahTan wakidebuli viyavi, maSin es lekebi agvijanydnen, ro-

gorc mZvinvare mxeci... qristesa da qristianobis siyvaru-

lis gamo, mcire jari gamogzavne lekebis winaaRmdeg. dro

dadgeba da mec aqedan wamoval Cemi jariT maTze, an gava-

nadguroT isini, an qristes sjulze movaqcioT da Zvelebu-

rad morCilebaSi viyolioT. moisveneben qristianuli wmida

eklesiebi da monastrebi da mTeli saqristiano~1.

da: `karvebis win Semgebeblebi idgnen: mefis sulieri moZRvari za-

qaria mitropoliti da wminda golgoTis monastris iRumeni niki-

fore berZeni~ (nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlob-

rivi aRweriloba, gv. 95). isev nikifore berZenzea saubari, rode-

sac igive avtori kvlav erTad asaxelebs gelaTis mitropolit

zaqarias, aleqsandre III-is sulier mamas da golgoTis wminda

mTis iRumen nikifores (iqve, gv. 98. ix. agreTve, gv. 99, 103-105).

nikifore berZenze saubrisas yuradRebas ipyrobs erTi garemoebac:

1651 wels rusi elCebi mas yovelTvis golgoTis iRumenad moixse-

niebdnen. CemTvis cnobili ar aris rodis an rogor moipova man es

tituli, magram erTi ram cxadia, rom mas Zalian awuxebda am ti-

tulis tareba xeldasxmis gareSe. gavixsenoT Teimurazis mier

1639 w. 25 aprils moskovSi gagzavnili werili, romelSic Teimu-

razs moyavs nikifores sityvebi: `Cemo xelmwife Teimuraz, gamiSvi,

didxans gemsaxure, axla mcire xniT gamiSvi wmida ierusalimSi

Tayvaniscemisa da Cemi mitropolitad xeldasxmisaTvis... Tu coc-

xali viqeni, Cemo xelmwifev, dagibrundebi, Tu movkvdebi, momiteve

Cemo xelmwifev~ (Переписка, с. 10-11). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ni-

kifore berZenma aisrula natvra da man ierusalimi mimoiloca da

srul mitropolitad dabrunda. amitom unda iyos, rom rusi elCe-

bi mas `daniSnul mitropolits~ aRar eZaxian. igi, Cveulebriv, mit-

ropolitia. 1 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы,… док. №6, с. 117-118.

342

Teimuraz mefes Tavisi qveynis mSvidobisaTvis auci-

leblad miaCnia lekebis problemis gadawyvetis Semdeg,

Crdilo kavkasiidan saSiSroebis samudamod aRkveTis miz-

niT qistebis, osebis da sxvebis, romlebic winaT qristiane-

bi da iveriis saxelmwifos morCilebaSi iyvnen, romlebic

axla aRarc qristianebi da arc muslimanebi arian, maTi

morCilebaSi moyvana. vidre isini lekebiviT sabolood

mtrebad ar gadaiqcevian, manamde aucilebelia maTi mar-

Tlmadideblur qristianobaSi dabruneba. isini 80 aTas kom-

lze mets Seadgenen1.

9. aucilebelia rusi elCi Camovides saqarTveloSi. Tei-

murazi ruseTis xelmwifes sTxovs, rom roca misi elCi niki-

fore samSoblosken gamoeSureba, Tavisi elCic gamoayolos,

raTa man sakuTari TvaliT ixilos saqarTvelo da dar-

wmundes, rom iranis Sahi tyuil xmebs avrcelebs da sinamdvi-

le mouTxros Tavis mefes, rom Teimuraz mefe cocxalia da

igi Tavis samefos ganagebs. `roca me aRar viqnebi, iveriis mi-

wa-wyalze qristianoba iavaryofili iqmneba~2. 10. ruseTis samefo karze Rirseulad moepyron Teimu-

razis elCs. Teimuraz mefe, iseve, rogorc sxva dros da

sxva mefes (Tundac espaneTisas), moiTxovs Sesaferisi pati-

vi miagon mis elCebs. Aamasve moiTxovs igi ruseTis xelmwi-

fisganac: nikifores moepyron ise, rogorc Seefereba qris-

tiani mefis elCs da moskovis xelmwifem masze win ar unda

daayenos da meti pativi ar unda miagos muslimani mbrZaneb-

lebis elCebs3.

11. yuradRebis gamaxvileba ierusalimis sakiTxze da

iq qarTvelTa mdgomareobaze. Teimuraz mefe TiTqos sxvaTa

Soris, saqarTvelos mdgomareobis ganxilvis konteqstSi,

moskovis mefes Seaxsenebs ierusalimis samwuxaro mdgomare-

obas, romelze batonobisaTvis erTmaneTs ebrZvian laTinebi

1 Там же, с. 118. 2 Там же, с. 119. 3 Там же, с. 117.

343

da somxebi. rodesac saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris mtkice kav-

Siri iqneba, mSvidobianaT iqneba eklesia-monastrebi da

qristes kvarTi. saqarTvelo ar iqneba iseT damonebul

mdgomareobaSi, rogorSic aris ierusalimi. Teimuraz mefes

arc imis Tqma aviwydeba, rom qarTvelebi ierusalimSi imyo-

febian bizantiis keisris iraklis droidan. mis mier qarTve-

lebisaTvis naboZvari golgoTis monasteri dResac maT

xelSia da iq imyofeba 15 qarTveli beri da isini icaven

golgoTas. maT Turqebi aviwroeben1.

amgvari moTxovnebiTa da paTosiT aRsavse werili Cai-

tana moskovSi mitropolitma nikifore berZenma.

nikifores elCoba Sedgeboda 5 wevrisa da elCis 2

msaxurisagan. elCoba moskovSi Cavida 1636 wlis 8 oq-

tombers. mefe mixeil Tedores Zem nikifore miiRo 11 oq-

tombers. man mefes miarTva Teimurazis mier gagzavnili sa-

Cuqrebi: oqroqsovili xaliCa, aRmosavluri abreSumis qso-

vili da ulayi cxeni.

rogorc Cans, nikifore ukmayofilo iyo moskovSi yof-

niT da 1636 w. 13 dekembers xelmwifes ukve meoreT mimarTa

misi mefisaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze pasuxis moTxovniT,

magram amaod. ruseTis xelisuflebiT ukmayofilo nikifore

Aamitom ambobda: `sxva samefoebSi elCebs imitom agzavnian,

rom moagvaron TavianTi saxelmwifos saqmeebi da ara usaq-

murad isxdnen senakSi Caketilebi~. nikifore imis gamoc ga-

moTqvamda ukmayofilebas, rom mas iseT pativSi ar amyofeb-

dnen, rogorc osmaleTis da iranis elCebs. nikifore kate-

goriulad moiTxovda moskovidan droulad gaSvebas, rad-

gan ise elodeboda misi xelmwife Teimurazi mixeil Tedo-

res Zis pasuxs rogorc israelis Svilebi elodnen moses.

amitom male unda wavideo. ìqneb Cven uswavlelebma raime

davaSaveT, gvapatie dido xelmwifev, radgan aqauri wes-Cveu-

lebebi ar viciT~2.

1 Там же. 2 Там же, с. 127-128.

344

1637 wlis 2 aprils nikifore mosTqvamda, rom ori we-

lia saqarTvelodan wamovida, 5 Tvea rac moskovSia da mesa-

med iTxovs pasuxsa da mowyalebas. igi imis gamo wuxs, rom

roca saqarTveloSi dabrundeba ar icis ra upasuxos mefes,

raTa Tavidan aicilos misi mrisxaneba, romelic mas daat-

ydeba sxva elCebis msgavsad. mas eSinia, rom SeiZleba sicoc-

xlec dakargos. nikifores arc imis Tqma aviwydeba ratom ga-

moarCia mefem sxvebisagan da mas miando aseTi sapasuxis-

mgeblo saqme. axla gamodis, rom igi yvelaze codvili da

cudia. winaT igi Tavisma mefem sadac ki gaagzavna yvela misi

brZaneba warmatebiT Seasrula. gaWirvebaSi myof mefes imedi

hqonda, rom nikifore amjeradac swrafad da dadebiTad Se-

asrulebda davalebas1. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, Teimuraz mefe Tavis sigelSi

moiTxovda rusi elCis gagzavnas saqarTveloSi. amasve mo-

iTxovda misi elCic moskovSi. 1637 wlis 2 aprils nikifore

xelmwifisaTvis mirTmeul TxovnaSi aRniSnavda im gasaWir-

ze, romelsac Teimuraz mefe ganicdida: `Cems xelmwifes er-

TaderTi usayvarlesi vaJiSvili hyavs, sxva memkvidre am or

saxelmwifos [qarTlsa da kaxeTs] ara hyavs. unda igi Sen,

didsa da uwmindes xelmwifobis xelSi gadmosces. daicavi

da daifare igi, rogorc uZlieresma mefem imitom, rom Cemi

xelmwife dRe da Rame SromaSia, amaSia misi scocxlec da

1 Там же, с. 128-130. nikifore Tavisi samwyos interesebisTvisac iR-

vwoda. man xelmwifes mimarTa TxovniT, rom yizilbaSebisagan ga-

Zarculi eklesiebisaTvis daxmareba aRmoeCina. nikifore CamoT-

vlis im saeklesio WurWels, romelic dampyroblebma waiRes. dasa-

xelebulia: 2 barZimi, saarqielo 2 meTeveT kovzi, 2 amfora, qudi,

mRvdlis samoselis qveS Casacmeli _ olari, gardamoxsna da

RvTismSoblis miZinebis xati da sxva. rodesac vecnobiT Teimuraz

mefis elCis saTxovars moskovis xelmwifisadmi, ra Tqma unda, arc

nikifores unda gakvirveboda da arc Cven unda gagvikvirdes ratom

ar epyrobodnen mas im pativiT, risi pretenziac mas hqonda. kidev

ufro samarcxvino iyo is mowyaleba, riTac elCis saTxovari Sea-

fases. mefis brZanebiT, saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis qarTvel elCs

50 rubli gadasces (Там же, с. 124-125).

345

sikvdilic~1. nikifores radac ar unda daujdes, Teimurazis

brZanebis Tanaxmad, moskovis mefis elCebi unda waiyvanos

saqarTveloSi. igi cdilobs xelisufleba saqarTvelosTan

mudmivi kavSiris aucileblobaSi daarwmunos. rusi elCebis

mgzavroba gaiolebuli iqneba imitomac, rom Teimurazi,

garkveuli gagebiT, Tavis Tavze iRebda maT uxifaTo mgzav-

robas. nikifore moskovis mefes mimarTavs: `TviTmpyrobelo

mefev, Cemma xelmwifem mibrZana gacnoboT, rom Tqveni didi

mefoba romel elCsac gagzavnis Cems xelmwifesTan, Cemi

xelmwife iqidan marto ki ar gamouSvebs, aramed Tavis el-

Csac gamoayolebs~2.

Teimuraz mefis Txovnam da nikifores mcdelobam, mar-

Talia nela, magram Sedegi mainc gamoiRo. 22 aprils gamoi-

ca xelmwifis brZaneba Teimuraz mefis elCis nikifores

moskovidan gaSvebis, misi astraxanamde samdinaro gziT

mgzavrobisa da elCobis gacilebis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg (14

maisi) nikifores varaudiT, saqarTveloSi mis gamgzavrebas

win aRaraferi daudgeboda da dauყოvnebliv gzas daadgebo-

da. man sabolood mimarTa xelmwifes da moiTxova damakma-

yofilebeli pasuxi gaecaT Semdeg sakiTxebze: 1. ruseTSi

mcxovrebi qarTveli tyveebis moZebna da misTvis gadacema; 2.

lekebis winaaRmdeg daxmareba; 3. rusi elCebisa da Tar-

jimnebis gamzadeba da swrafad gamgzavreba; 4. aqamomde el-

CisaTvis gankuTvnil daxmarebas wesierad asrulebdnen, bo-

lo dros ki cxenebi SimSiliT exocebaT3; 5. MmasTan erTad

germaneli eqimis saqarTveloSi gagzavna; 6. eklesiis sarkme-

lebis CarCoebis ostatis masTan erTad gagazavna4.

1 Там же, с. 130 2 Там же, с. 133. 3 saqarTveloSi dabrunebis win elCobas 4 cxeni hyavda, maSin, ro-

desac Tergidan (Tergamde gemiT mividodnen) samSobloSi dasabru-

neblad damatebiT 8 cxeni WirdebodaT da nikiforem saelCo prika-

zis meSveobiT xelmwifes Txova TergSi miewera, rom misTvis cxe-

nebi miecaT (Там же, с. 140) 4 Там же, с. 136-137.

346

gavida maisi da ivnisic milevisaken wavida, magram sa-

qarTvelos elCis moskovidan gaSvebas saSveli ar daadga.

nikiforem saelCo prikazs kidev erTxel weriliT mimarTa.

werilSi nikifore madlobas ixdida yvelaferi imisaTvis

rac ruseTis xelisuflebam saqarTvelos elCobas gaukeTa

da gansakuTrebiT imisTvisac, rom xelmwifem mefe Teimura-

zi da mTeli iveria Tavis xeldebulad gamoacxada. nikifo-

rem damatebiT moiTxova, rom xelmwifes Tergis xelmZRvane-

lobisaTvis miewera, rom saqarTvelodan moskovSi gagzavni-

li elCebi da werilebi ar daeyovnebinaT. mefes Cerqezi

mundarisaTvis miewera agreTve, rom isic aseve moqceuliyo

da saqarTvelos elCebi Terg-qalaqamde da am cixe-simagri-

dan saqarTvelos sazRvramde miecilebina.

nikiforem madloba gadauxada xelmwifes yvelafrisaT-

vis da patieba iTxova im ganrisxebisaTvis, romelic man, ad-

gilobrivi wes-Cveulebebis ucodinrobiT daimsaxura. `xel-

mwifeo, Sens garda aq Cven sxva mokeTe ara gvyavs da fuliT

xels aravin gagvimarTavs. Cemi xelmwifis erTma Tavadma ara-

feri ar momca, magram mibrZana gamovisyido sami noRaeli da

yalmuxeli tyve. xelmwifeo, Tu moisurveb da astraxanis vo-

evodebs miswer sami tyvis gamosyidvis Sesaxeb, maT undaT

marTlmadideblobaze moinaTlon. yvelaferi Seni nebaa, [ise

moiqeci] rogorc RmerTma Cagagonos~1.

Tedore Tedores Ze volkonskis da artem xvatovis elCoba saqarTveloSi

moskovis xelmwifis 1637 wlis 1 ivnisis brZanebiT, sa-

qarTveloSi elCebad dainiSnen Tavadi Tedore Tedores Ze

volkonski da diaki (mdivani) artem xvatovi. elCobaSi spe-

cialuri davalebiT iyvnen sasuliero pirebi (sergievis sa-

mebis monastris arqimandriti iosebi, Savi mRvdeli aleqsi,

1 Там же, с. 140.

347

moskovis aRdgomis monastridan TeTri mRvdeli grigoli,

Cudis monastridan arqidiakoni arseni1), ori Tarjimani da

2 bazieri2. erT-erTi bazieri, Tedore tobolini, 1605 wels

mixeil tatiSCevis elCobasTan erTad, saqarTveloSi (kaxeT-

Si) ukve imyofeboda. man saintereso informacia miawoda sa-

elCo prikazs saqarTvelos bunebriv pirobebze, soflis me-

urneobaze, eklesia-monastrebze, vaWrobaze, romel rusul

saqonelze iyo moTxovna da sxv.3

ruseTisa da Teimuraz I-is elCebi 25 ivniss saqarTve-

losken gamoemgzavrnen. rus elCebs TeimurazTan mohqondaT

mixeil Tedores Zis sigeli, ficis wignis nimuSi da patri-

arq iosebis sigeli mefe Teimurazis, ìoane mitropolitisa

da mTeli sasuliero pirebisaTvis~. Cerqezebis mTavars da

sxva mTiel mTavrebsa da murzebs gaugzavnes werilebi, rom-

lebSic iyo moTxovna rusi da qarTveli elCebis aqeT-iqiT

mSvidobianad gatarebis Sesaxeb4.

Teimuraz mefisaTvis gankuTvnil sigelSi axsnili iyo:

rus elCebs evalebodaT daeTvalierebinaT Teimuraz mefis

samflobeloebi, qristianobis da eklesiebis mdgomareoba,

gansakuTrebiT yuradRebiT daeTvalierebinaT mcxeTa da is

adgili, sadac moTavsebuli iyo qristes kvarTi. mixeil Te-

dores Ze Teimurazs pirdeboda, rom mas da mis samefos dai-

cavda yvela saSualebiT5.

moskovidan gamogzavnili sanimuSo ficis wignis mixed-

viT, unda gaformebuliyo xelSekruleba Teimuraz mefesa da

moskovis xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zes Soris. teqsti unda

Sedgeniliyo Teimurazis saxeliT: `veamborebi am cxovelmyo-

1 sasuliero pirebs mohqondaT 300 xati, saeklesio wignebi. maTTan

erTad iyvnen eklesiis sarkmelebis ostati da 2 xatmweri. 2 Там же, с. 158. 3 Там же, с. 160-161. 4 Там же, с. 181-182. 5 Там же, с. 171

348

feli uflis jvars1, rom sruliad ruseTis mefis da didi

mTavaris mixeil Tedores Zis da misi Svilebis _ keTil-

morwmune ufliswul Tavad aleqsi mixeilis Zis da Tavad

ivane mixeilis Zis [winaSe vficav] me iveriis mefe Teimurazi

Cemi Svili daviTiT da axlobeli adamianebiT, iveriis miwa-

wyliT, imaze, rom did xelmwifesTan gamovgzavne Cemi mitro-

politad wodebuli nikifore imis saTxovnelad, rom didma

xelmwifem mixeil Tedores Zem me, Teimuraz mefe, Cemi Svile-

bi da mTeli iveriis miwa inebos miiRos Tavis qveSevrdo-

mad~2. Teimuraz mefes Tavisi Svilebisa da axloblebis saxe-

liT piroba unda daedo, rom isini yvelani da maTi STamo-

mavlobac moskovis xelmwifisa da misi STamomavlebis er-

Tguli iqnebodnen, ruseTis mters mtrulad moekideboda,

moyvares ki, moyvrulad3.

sainteresoa, rom rusi elCebisTvis micemul `darige-

baSi~ dawvrilebiTi instruqcia iyo maTi Teimuraz mefis

karze moqmedebis da savaraudod dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxe-

bis Sesaxeb. am dokumentidan irkveva, rogor seriozulad

uyurebda ruseTis mefis xelisufleba Teimuraz mefesTan

urTierTobas, ra rols aniWebda saqarTvelos Tavis kavka-

siur politikaSi. Cans, ruseTis mTavrobas, ramdenadac Se-

saZlebeli iyo, saidumlod undoda Seenaxa TeimurazTan

diplomatiuri urTierToba da Tavisi interesebi saqarTve-

los mimarT. amis dafarva mas gansakuTrebiT osmaleT-ira-

nisgan sWirdeboda.

saqarTveloSi mosuli elCebi mefesTan audienciaze

unda misuliyvnen maSin, rodesac masTan sxva saxelmwifos

1 m. janaSvilis mixedviT, es jvari, damzadebuli 1632 wels mixeil

Tedores Zem Teimuraz mefes gamougzavna zemoT dasaxelebuli ru-

si elCebis xeliT. jvari didi xnis ganmavlobaSi (saqarTvelos ga-

sabWoebamde) daculi iyo Tbilisis sionis sakaTedro taZarSi (К материалам по истории и древностей Грузии и России, Тб., 1912, с. 82) 2 Полиевктов М. А., Материалы, с. 173 3 Там же, с. 173-174.

349

elCebi ar iqnebodnen. isini gansakuTrebiT unda moridebod-

nen Turqebis da yizilbaSebis elCebs.

T. volkonskis, mefesTan miRebis dros, Tavidan bo-

lomde unda gaemeorebina Teimuraz mefis mier mixeil

Tevdores ZisaTvis gagzavnili werilis Sinaarsi, romlida-

nac gamoCndeboda, rom moskoveli elCebi saqarTveloSi Ca-

movidnen Teimurazis TxovniT, raTa maT daaTvalieron qve-

yana, Seiswavlon qristianobis mdgomareoba, eklesiebi, gan-

sakuTrebiT mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZari, sadac daculia

qristes kvarTi. amis Semdeg arqimandriti iosebi mefes mi-

marTavda sityviT da gadascemda ruseTis patriarqis we-

rils.

oficialuri miRebis dasrulebis Semdeg, elCebs unda

moeTxovaT, rom Teimurazs da mis axloblebs ruseTis xel-

mwifisadmi qveSevrdomoba eRiarebinaT, jvrisTvis ekocnaT

da rusulad an berZnulad dawerili ficis wigni Teimu-

razs xelmoweriTa da beWdiT daemtkicebina1.

Tu Teimuraz mefe, misi Svilebi an axloblebi vidre

jvars emTxveodnen, ganacxadebdnen, rom xelmwifis qveSev-

rdomobaSi Sesvla undodaT da jvarsac emTxveodnen, magram

ainteresebdaT, xelmwife rogor daicavda maT mtrebisagan,

da imasac ityodnen, rom Teimuraz mefem winaT xelmwifes

araerTi elCi gaugzavna, magram araviTari pasuxi ar miuRia

da arc misi elCebi Camosulan2, rusebs unda epasuxaT: Tu

Teიmuraz mefe xelmwიfიs xelqveიTi gaxdeba, daicavs yvela mtrisgan ramdenadac xelmwife SeZlebs.

qvemoT Sevecdebi gavarkvioT rogor dakmayofildebo-

da Teimuraz mefe ruseTis xelmwifis amgvari, faqtobrivad,

arafris mTqmeli dapirebiT, sapirispirod imisa, rasac igi

qarTveli mefisgan moiTxovda. sayuradReboa, rom elCebis

pasuxSi ar iyo dapireba, rom Teimurazis mtrebi mixeil Te-

dores Zis mtrebad CaiTvlebodnen, moyvrebi ki ruseTis

1 Там же, с. 191-193. 2 Там же, с. 193.

350

mxrivac moyvrebad iqnebodnen miCneulni. qarTveli mefisgan

ki amgvar dapirebas moiTxovda.

rusT xelmwifis varaudiT, qarTvelebs pretenzia eqne-

bodaT lekebis problemis gadauWrelobis gamoc. am kiTxva-

ze mis elCebs unda epasuxaT: roca Teimuraz mefe xel-Sekrulebas xels moawers da xelmwifis morCilebaSi Seva, maSin saWiroebis mixedviT, moagvarebdnen yvela im sakiTxs,

rasac Teimurazi Tavisi werilSi moiTxovda1.

iseTi piri uCanda, rom erTad-erTi sakiTxi, romlis

gadawyvetas araferi SeuSlida xels, iyo ruseTis terito-

riaze myofi qarTveli (kaxeli) tyveebis samSobloSi dabru-

neba. es sakiTxi, romelic moskovSi aRZra nikifore elCma,

Seswavlis stadiaSi iyo da Terg-qalaqis voevodebs ubrZa-

nes gamoerkviaT, imyofebodnen Tu ara ruseTSi Teimurazis

qveynidan tyve qarTvelebi, ramdeni, ra erqvaT da ramdeni

xania rac iq cxovrobdnen. aseTebi Tu aRmoCndebodnen da

isini samSobloSi dabrunebis survils gamosTqvamdnen, ma-

Sin maTs saqmes ganixilavdnen2.

Teimuraz mefe an misi garemocva Tu ikiTxavda, rogor

daicavda maT moskovis xelmwife yizilbaSebisagan, pasuxi

iyo martivi: `Tu mas [Teimurazs] unda, mefis didebulebam Sahs misweros, rom Sahi, maT saxelmwifoebs Soris megobro-bisa da siyvarulisaTvis, xedavs, rom Teimuraz mefe (xel-mwifis _e.m.) qveSevrdomi gaxda, mis miwa-wyalze aRar SeiW-res da omi da Seviwroeba ar moaxdinos. imedi aqvs, rom yi-zilbaSebis Sahi xelmwifis Txovnas uyuradRebod ar dato-vebs da SemdegSi mis Seviwroebas aRar brZanebs~3.

Teimuraz mefe Tu gajiutdeboda, jvarze daficebaze

uars ityoda da SeuZlebeli gaxdeboda misi dayolieba, ma-

Sin rus elCebs misTvis unda SeexsenebinaT, rom man sxva-

dasxva dros sxvadasxva elCebi gagzavna xelmwifesTan mos-

1 Там же, с. 197. 2 Там же, с. 197-198. 3 Там же, с. 198.

351

kovSi da iTxovda misi elCebis saqarTveloSi Camosvlas da

xelmwifis mfarvelobas. mefe Teimurazs unda axsovdes ris-

Tvis agzavnida elCebs moskovSi da ras sTxovda xelmwifes.

misi Txovna iyo xelmwifis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla Svileb-

Tan da axloblebTan erTad da amisaTvis jvarze daificeb-

dnen1. Aamitom, ruseTis xelmwifis azriT, mefe Teimurazi

valdebuli iyo dapireba Seesrulebina.

`darigebaSi~ mniSvnelovani adgili hqonda daTmobi-

li, qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareobis da qristes kvarTis

sakiTxebis garkvevas. ruseTis mTavrobis kvarTisadmi inte-

resis mizezze zemoT, garkveulwilad, ukve iTqva. qvemoT

ufro dawvrilebiT SevCerdebi.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom Teimuraz mefe dainteresebu-

li iyo maSindel saerTaSoriso urTierTobebiT da cdi-

lobda maTSi TviTonac aqtiuri monawileoba mieRo, mos-

kovSi varaudobdnen, rom Teimuraz mefe da misi kari kaxe-

Tis samefosaTvis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebis garda, el-

CebTan saubrisas, ruseTis sagareo politikiTa da saerTa-

Soriso urTierTobebis problemebiT dainteresdebodnen.

amitom elCebs daevalaT, momzadebuliyvnen iseT sakiTxebze

sasaubrod, rogoric iyo moskovis mefis romis papTan, saf-

rangeTis, inglisis, SvedeTis, reC pospolitis, litvis da

daniis mefeebTan, holandiasTan, osmaleTis sulTanTan, yi-

rimis xanTan da ruseTis mezobeli qveynebis mefeebTan ur-

TierToba. elCebs pasuxi unda gaecaT mxolod im qveyanaze,

romelzec kiTxva daismeboda2.

TvalSisacemia, rom moskovis mTavroba ar apirebda rai-

mes Tqmas Tavis urTierTobaze yizilbaSur iranTan, qarTve-

li politikosebisa da diplomatebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT

saintereso sakiTxze. moskovis mxridan dumilis axsana mxo-

lod imiT SeiZleba, rom iq kargad icodnen kaxeTis samefo

ruseTis winaSe Tavs imdablebda, ZiriTadad, iranis agresii-

1 Там же, с. 200. 2 Там же, с. 203-209.

352

sagan Tavdasacavad daxmarebis miRebis imediT. magram ru-

seTs, rogorc warsulis movlenebma daadastura, iranze se-

riozuli zemoqmedeba ar SeeZlo. amas mTeli sigrZe-siganiT

acnobierebdnen qarTveli politikosebi da, rogorc davina-

xavT, isini Seecadnen ruseTi gamoeyenebinaT iq, sadac mas,

realurad SeeZlo kaxeTisaTvis daxmareba aRmoeCina.

`darigebaSi~, elCebisaTvis micemuli saidumlo davale-

bazec aris aRniSnuli. maT unda SeegrovebinaT cnobebi Teimu-

raz mefis osmaleTis sulTanTan da iranis SahTan urTierTo-

baze, modiodnen Tu ara kaxeTSi maTi Sikrikebi da ra davale-

biT. agzavnis Tu ara elCebs Teimuraz mefe osmaleTis sul-

TanTan da iranis SahTan. rogoria urTierToba or ukanas-

knels Soris. elCebs gansakuTrebiT unda moegrovebinaT cno-

bebi iran-osmaleTis omebis msvlelobaze1.

saqarTvelosken momavali elCebi, rodesac Terg-qala-

qidan gavidodnen, yvelgan, sadac ki SeiZleboda, unda Seeg-

rovebinaT cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb: vin mefobs kaxeT-

Si, Tu Teimurazi aRar mefobs, maS sad aris? Tu gaigeben,

rom Teimurazi gardaicvala da mis adgilze misi Svili da-

viTia, aucileblad unda daedginaT igi Tavisi mamis da-

locviT da iveriis mosaxleobis surviliT gamefda Tu Sa-

his brZanebiT. roca gairkveoda, rom igi mamis surviliT ga-

mefda, maSin audienciis dros unda ganecxadebinaT: didma

xelmwifem mamaSenTan gamogvgzavna elCebad, magram radgan

mis adgilze Sen xar, nabrZanebi gvaqvs SenTan movideT da

elCoba aRvasruloTo. misTvis unda gadaecaT werilebi da

saCuqrebi.

im SemTxvevaSi Tu elCebi saqarTveloSi mosvlamde ga-

igebdnen, rom Teimurazis magier kaxeTis taxtze Sahis mier

daniSnuli romelime xani ijda, maSin axal mefes ar unda

xlebodnen, ukan TergSi dabrunebuliyvnen da yvelaferi

xelmwifisaTvis ecnobebinaT.

1 Там же, с. 209.

353

navaraudevi iyo aseTi variantic: rodesac elCebi sa-

qarTveloSi ise movidodnen, rom winaswar ver gaigebdnen Te-

imurazis mefed aRar yofnis Sesaxeb da Sahis mier dasmuli

mefe maT miiwvevda TavisTan, aseT SemTxvevaSi elCebs unda

ganecxadebinaT, rom isini xelmwifem Teimurazis TxovniT ga-

mogzavna da uflebamosilni ar arian urTierToba iqonion

sxva mefesTan. elCebi mas ar gadascemdnen werilebsa da sa-

Cuqrebs. magram kaxeTis axali mefe Tu ZaliT moindomebda

werilebisa da saCuqrebis xelSi Cagdebas, maSin elCebi val-

debulni iyvnen isini gaenadgurebinaT, raTa mefes da, Sesaba-

misad, iranis Sahs ver gaego ratom Camovidnen moskovis xel-

mwifis elCebi kaxeTSi1.

* * *

elCebma gaiares yazani da 5 seqtembers mividnen astra-

xanSi. 7 seqtembers rusma elCebma nikifores mosTxoves kaci

gaegzavna Teimuraz mefesTan da ecnobebina, rom ruseTis

xelmwifis elCebi saqarTveloSi modiodnen. maT aintereseb-

daT, agreTve, sad miRebda mefe elCebs, sad gaugzavnida ur-

mebsa da damxmare xalxs. 15 seqtembers nikiforem Teimuraz-

Tan qarTveli iuSka Cmoni gagzavna2.

elCebi Sikrikis dabrunebas TergSi elodnen. Cmoni 18

noembers dabrunda da nikifores xoreSan dedoflis weri-

li miutana, romlis Sinaarsi am ukanasknelma rus elCebs

gaacno. dedofali werda: nikifore da rusi elCebi gazaf-

xulamde ar Casuliyvnen kaxeTSi, radgan Teimuraz mefe ime-

reTis mefe giorgisTan da Tavis siZe aleqsandresTan imyo-

feba dadianTan samSvidobo xelSekrulebis dasadebad. amas

garda, rogorc dedofali werda, mTebSi didi Tovli movi-

da da gavla SeuZlebeli iyo. roca Teimuraz mefe kaxeTSi

1 Там же, с. 210-212. 2 Там же, с. 229-230.

354

dabundeboda igi mitropolit nikifores maSinve acnobebda

rodis da sad unda Casuliyvnen elCebi1.

1638 wlis 24 ianvars TergSi mivida qarTveli àsisTa-

vi~ giorgi da nikifores werili miutana. Teimuraz mefe mas

acnobebda, rom kaxeTSi (gremSi) dabrunda da elCebi masTan

gasamgzavreblad momzadebuliyvnen, amasobaSi ki TviTon

elCebis misaRebad gzas moawesrigebda. imave àsisTavma~ gi-

orgim da masTan erTad Tergidan gagzvnilma sxva macneebma

ambavi moitanes, rom Teimuraz mefe elCebs gazafxulze

elodeboda. iqve miTiTebuli iyo, rom elCebi saqarTveloSi

unda Casuliyvnen TuSeTisa da xevsureTis gziT da ara im

gziT, romliTac elCebi adre daiarebodnen2.

7 ivliss TergSi Cavidnen Teimuraz mefis wargzavnili

àsisTavi~ giorgi da aznaurebi. maT, 19 ivliss, elCebi sa-

qarTveloSi wamoiyvanes. isini 21-Si yizlarSi iyvnen, saida-

nac kaxeTis mefes macneebi gaugzavnes.

5 agvistos elCebma Teimuraz mefis banakamde miaRwies.

mitropoliti nikifore mefesTan gaeSura, xolo meore

dRes, rusi elCebi kaxeli aznaurebis TanxlebiT gaeSurnen

alaverdis monastrisaken, sadac isini mefes unda Sexed-

rodnen. 2 seqtembers isini ukve alaverdSi iyvnen, sadac 5-

Si mefe mivida da 9-Si elCebi miiRo3.

vidre mefes eaxlebodnen rusebma moiTxoves, audienci-

is dros masTan sxva saxelmwifoTa elCebi ar yofiliyvnen.

nikifore berZenma da qarTvelma diplomatma Tavadma revaz-

ma (igi rus elCebTan urTierTobda maTi saqarTvelos saz-

RvrebSi Semosvlis dRidan4) maT ganucxades, rom Teimuraz

1 Там же, с. 231. 2 Там же, с. 233. 3 Там же, с. 256-259. 4 Там же, с. 251. es iyo Teimurazis uerTgulesi kariskaci, saxlTu-

xucesi revaz ColoyaSvili. igi daiRupa rostom xanis winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi TianeTTan 1643 wels. vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT:

`moxuda revazs Tofi da ganvlo zurgiT kerZ. ese ara agrZna spa-

355

mefesTan Turqi da yizilbaSi elCebi ar arian, aris mxo-

lod `Sahis qalaq Tbilisis xanis~ kaci romelmac mefes sa-

Cuqrebi moutana, magram rusi elCebis miRebas arc is daes-

wreboda1. moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis iose-

bis werili arqimandrit iosebisadmi, Terimuraz mefis brZa-

nebiT elCebs alaverdis monastris arqiepiskopos zebede-

saTvis unda gadaecaT2.

baldaxini, sadac mefe imyofeboda mdidrulad iyo

morTuli. mis SuagulSi elCebs Sexvdnen arqiepiskoposi ze-

bede da episkoposebi arseni, zaqaria, maTe da kozma, sul

xuTi kaci. mefe Teimurazi3 ijda, xolo mis marjvniv is-

xdnen ufliswuli daviTi, arqiepiskoposi zebede da umaR-

lesi samRvdeloeba. mefis xelmarcniv ki, mitropoliti ni-

kifore, saxlTuxucesi Tavadi revaz ColoyaSvili da same-

fo darbazis 10 wevri4.

werilebisa da saCuqrebis gadacemis Semdeg elCebi Te-

imuraz mefes xelze emTxvivnen, mefe ki maT Tavze emTxvia.

Ta, gana ganamagrna igini, movida da ambors uyo ჴelsa zeda Teimu-

razs, merme mivida da mokuda munve~. qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 597. 1 TeimurazTan Sexvedramde elCebma es moTxovna mis kariskacebs

ramdenjerme gaumeores. Там же, с. 261. 2 Там же. sruliad ymawvili (daaxloebiT 10 wlis) zebede ierusa-

limis patriarq Teofanis III-s arqiepiskoposad xeldausxams XVII

s. 10-ian wlebSi (Там же, c. 393), Cemi varaudiT 1619-1620 wlebSi. sa-

varaudoa, patriarq Teofanisis mier zebedes xeldasxma SemdegSi

anulirebul iqna da igi samTavros arqiepiskoposma xelmeored

xeldasxa (mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTier-

Tobis istoriidan, gv. 47, 51, 53). 3 rusebis aRwerilobiT Teimurazi iyo saSualo tanis, warmosade-

gi, nayvavilari TeTri saxiT, Savi SekreWili da SeRebili wveriT,

gadaparsuli TaviT, welSi moxrili, mxarbeWiani, Tvalebi nacris-

feri, xelis frCxilebi SeRebili hqonda. 1639 wels igi 50 wlisa

iyo (Полиевктов М., Ук. труд, с. 262). 4 saero didkacobas emosa grZeli xifTani da exura yalmuxis qu-

di, Tavi gaparsuli hqondaT, zogierTi uqoCro iyo (Там же).

356

arqimandrit iosebis mier dalocvis Semdeg mefe mas xelze

emTxvia1.

Tedore Tedores Ze volkonskis da diak artem xva-

tovs mefem ganucxada, rom ruseTidan Camotanili werile-

bis Targmanis Semdeg, elCebs TavisTan miiwvevda da rac

xelmwifem saidumlo saqmeebze mosalaparakeblad masTan

daabara, yovelives maSin moaxsenebdnen. mefem isini imave

dRes alaverdis taZarSi Jamis wirvaze, meore dRisTvis ki

TavisTan saufraze dapatiJa2.

19 seqtembers alaverdis taZarSi daiwyo molaparakeba,

romelsac eswrebodnen qarTvelebis mxridan mefe, arqiepis-

koposi zebede, episkoposi zaqaria, mitropoliti nikifore

da saxlTuxucesi revazi. elCebi mefis sapirispirod skameb-

ze dasxes. mefem saubari daiwyo: man mitropoliti nikifore

imitom gagzavna moskovSi da xelmwifes Tavisi da mTeli

iveriis mfarveloba sTxova, rom mas yvela mtrisagan daec-

va. xelmwifes sTxova, agreTve, elCebis gamogzavna, raTa sa-

qarTvelo maT sakuTari TvaliT enaxaT. ganzraxuli hqonda

moskovis xelmwifesTan Tavisi ufliswulisa da asulis

gagzavna. magram, elCis moskovSi gagzavnis Semdeg, iranis

Sahi movida qarTli daipyro da asuli mosTxova. mefes ar

undoda Tavisi qristiani asuli muslimanisaTvis mieca, ami-

tom dedofalTan, ufliswulTan da asulTan erTad mTebs

Seafara Tavi. miuxedavad amisa, igi mainc iZulebuli gaxda

Sahis moTxovna daekmayofilebina, raTa mas kidev ufro ar

gaenadgurebina qveyana da qristianTa bevri sisxli ar daR-

vriliyo, mefem Tavisi asuli Sahs misca, rom is tragedia

kidev ar gameorebuliyo, rodesac Sahma deda wamebiT mouk-

la, misi ori vaJi ki daasaWurisa.

mefis brZanebiT elCebs qeTevan dedoflis nawilebi

aCvenes3.

1 Там же, с. 265. 2 Там же. 3 Там же, с. 275-276.

357

axla Teimurazma yvela gancdili ubedureba daiviwya,

radgan moskovis xelmwifem elCebi da werilebi gamoug-

zavna da mefe da misi qveyanac Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS aiy-

vana.

sapasuxod, elCebma gaimeores xelmwifis werilebis

Sinaarsi da Teimuraz mefes SesTavazes, ruseTis xelmwifi-

sadmi erTgulebis aRiarebis sigelze xeli moewera da beW-

diT daemtkicebina.

Teimuraz mefem ganacxada: igi, misi vaJi, mTeli kaxeTi-

sa da qarTlis miwa-wyali arasodes gamovlen xelmwifis

qveSevrdomobidan. rac Seexeboda erTgulebis ficis damtki-

cebas, mofiqrebisaTvis dro moiTxova. roca ficis dadebis

dro movidoda mefe nikifore mitropolitisa da saxlTuxu-

cesi revazis saSualebiT acnobebda elCebs1. Aamgvarad, mefe

ar Cqarobda da cdilobda bolomde gaego ra gegma hqonda

ruseTis xelisuflebas saqarTvelos mimarT. es sakiTxi un-

da gaerkvia nikifore mitropolits. 22 seqtembers nikifore mitropoliti elCebTan mivida

da mefe Teimurazis danabarebi gadasca: mefis mier erTgu-

lebis ficis damtkicebis garda, hqondaT Tu ara elCebs

sxva saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis saqme. ainteresebda,

rogor daicavda mixeil Tedores Ze mefe Teimurazsa da

mTel iverias? amaze elCebma upasuxes, rom xelmwife ise da-

icavs rogori SesaZleblobac eqneba2.

amis Semdeg mitropolitma elCebs warudgina Teimuraz

mefis Semdegi moTxovnebi: 1. misi saxelmwifos sazRvarTan

rusebma unda aagon cixe, romelSic ganlagdeba ruseTis 2

aTaskaciani garnizoni da mefes mtrebisagan daicavs. 2. ruse-

Tis xelmwifem unda gamoiyenos SahTan Tavisi megobroba da

siyvaruli da daiyolios igi Teimurazs daubrunos qarTli,

sadac amJamad Sahis xani zis3. savaraudoa, Teimuraz mefe ru-

1 Там же, с. 277-278. 2 Там же, с. 279. 3 Там же, с. 279-280.

358

seTis mier misTvis qarTlis dabrunebaSi dainteresebisaTvis

Segnebulad amaxvilebs yuradRebas qristes kvarTis Sesaxeb,

romelic qarTlis samefoSia (romelic winaT Teimuraz me-

fes ekuTvnoda) da misi dauflebiT dainteresebulia ruse-

Tis mTavroba da eklesia.

rusma elCebma nikifore berZens upasuxes, rom ruseTis

xelmwife Sahs miswerda xeli aeRo kaxeTis samefoze Tav-

dasxmebze, magram qarTlis TeimurazisaTvis dabrunebaze

krinti ar dauZravT. Teimuraz mefis saxelmwifos sazRavar-

Tan cixesimagris Cadgmasac xelmwife SeZlebisda gvarad

Seecdebao1.

aseTi orWofuli pasuxis Semdeg nikiforem axali

moTxovna daayena: ra Tqma unda, Teimuraz mefe Tavisi sit-

yvis erTguli darCeba da ruseTis xelmwifisadmi erTgule-

bis fics dadebs, magram es dokumenti saidumlod unda Sei-

naxon, raTa elCebis garda aravin icodes. elCebma amgvari

moTxovnis gamo gakvirveba gamoxates. nikiforem es moT-

xovna imiT gaamarTla, rom mefes mravali mteri hyavs da

musulmanuri qveynebidanac saSiSroeba emuqreba2.

amis Semdeg elCebs ramdenjerme (23, 24, 25 seqtembers)

mouxdaT TeimurazTan Sexvedra, romelic mxolod zogadi

saubriT Semoifargleboda da arafers ambobda erTgulebis

ficis dokumentis damtkicebaze3. 26 seqtembers elCebma niki-

fores mimarTes, imis gasagebad Tu ratom igvianebda doku-

mentis gaformeba. nikiforem Tqva, rom man da mefemac wai-

kiTxes dokumenti da elCebs pasuxs acnobebs4. magram sxva-

dasxva mizeziT, danapirebis Sesruleba gadaido.

rogorc Semdgomi molaparakebidan gamoCnda, Teimuraz

mefes da mis diplomatebs qveSevrdomobis ficis wignis qar-

Tuli variantis SesamuSaveblad drois mogeba undodaT. ru-

1 Там же, с. 280. 2 Там же, с. 281. 3 Там же, с. 281-283. 4 Там же, с. 284.

359

si elCebi, romlebic valdebulni iyvnen moskovSi Sedgenili

`darigeba~ zustad daecvaT, ra Tqma unda, iolad ver daTan-

xmdebodnen qarTvelebis mier SeTavazebul cvlilebebsa da

damatebebs. diplomatiuri Widili daiwyo im dRidan, rode-

sac rusebi qveSevrdomobis aqtis qarTul variants gaecnen.

1639 wlis 18 aprils mitropolitma nikiforem rus el-

Cebs miutana jvarze daficebiT dasamtkicebuli ficis qar-

Tuli varianti. rodesac elCebma is waikiTxes da naxes, rom

masSi Camatebuli iyo mravali muxli (samwuxarod, araferi

viciT damatebuli muxlebis Sinaarsze), amgvari dokumentis

miRebaze uari ganacxades. maT moiTxoves, rom mefe Teimu-

razma brZanos sigeli Seadginon moskovidan Camotanili ni-

muSis mixedviT. nikifore dapirda elCebs, rom maTi protes-

tis Sesaxeb mefes moaxsenebda1.

20 aprils nikiforem elCebs acnoba mefis Tanxmoba da

isic, rom man ukve daavala Tavis diplomatebs, dokuments

safuZvlad daedos rusuli nimuSi. man isic moaxsena, rom

qveSevrdomobis aqtidan damatebiTi muxlebi amoRebuli iq-

neba da mefe da ufliswuli jvars emTxvevian im SemTxveva-

Si, Tu xelmwife kaxeTis sazRvarTan jars gamogzavnis, ci-

xe-qalaqs aagebs da mtrebisagan daicavs2. elCebis angariSSi

araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb Tu rogori pasuxiT gais-

tumres maT nikifore mitropoliti. savaraudoa, maT sawina-

aRmdego araferi uTqvamT, Torem amas aucileblad aR-

niSnavdnen. maTTvis umTavresi Teimurazisa da misi garemoc-

vis mier ficis dadeba iyo, mefe Teimuazis moTxovna Sem-

degSi an Sesruldeboda an ara. maTs kompetenciaSi qarTu-

li mxaris mier dayenebuli moTxovnebis miReba an uaryofa

ar Sedioda Tu ki igi werilobiT ar gaformdeboda.

Teimuraz mefis moskovis xelmwifis erTgulebaze da-

ficebis dros kidev erTma seriozulma winaaRmdegobam iCina

Tavi.

1 Там же, с. 315. 2 Там же, с. 216.

360

23 aprils, zegamSi, Sedga daficebis ceremonia. mefe Te-

imurazma samefo karis TandaswrebiT elCebs mimarTa: `Tqven

mefis udidebulesobis elCebi meubnebiT me da nikifore mit-

ropolitTan erTad gvibrZanebT, rom me da Cemma Svilma uf-

liswulma daviTma da (samefo_e.m.) sabWos wevrebma (mosko-

vis_e.m.) mefis didebulebasa da mis Svilebs jvarze Sevfi-

coT, rom viqnebiT misi mefuri udidebulesobis qveSev-

rdomni im sigelis mixedviT, romelic gamomigzavneT mefis

udidebulesobis elCebma. Teimuraz mefe xelmwifis brZanebas

Seasrulebs da sigelze xelis dadebas brZanebs: Teimuraz

mefe mefis udidebulesobis da misi Svilebis, ufliswuli

mTavris aleqsi mixeilis Zis da ufliswuli mTavris ivane

mixeilis Zisadmi erTgulebaze daificebs Tavisi Svilis da

axlobeli adamianebis da Tavisi mTeli iveriis miwa-wylis

saxeliT. xolo xelmwife mixeil Teodores Ze damicavs me

mefe Teimurazs da Cems mTel iveriis miwa-wyals Cemi gaWir-

vebisa da devnis dros, iseve, rogorc ruseTis samefos mefe-

ebis winaprebi iveriis mefeebs wyalobdnen, mixedavdnen da

yvela arakeTilmosurnisagan icavdnen~1.

Teimuraz mefem mitropolit nikifores gamoarTva si-

geli, romelzec TviT mefem, ufliswulma da samefo sabWos

wevrebma xeli daades, Semdeg ki xeli moaweres. Teimurazma

sigelze dasva beWedi (beWedze iyo warwera: `Teimurazi me-

fe iveriisa, saqarTvelosi da qarTlis~). mefem arqiepisko-

pos zebedes ubrZana aeRo jvari (moCuqurTmebuli da ver-

cxliT moWedili) da sawigneze daedo. mefem Casworebuli

sigeli jvris qveS dado, jvars emTxvia da warmosTqva: ìgi,

Teimuraz mefe emTxveva mixeil Tedoris Zis da misi mefuri

Svilebis, ufliswuli mTavris aleqsi mixeilis Zis da uf-

liswuli mTavris ivane mixeilis Zis jvars, Tavisi da Tavi-

si Svilis ufliswuli daviTisa da Tavisi sruliad iveriis

miwa-wylis saxeliT, imisaTvis, rom igi, Teimuraz mefe da

misi vaJi, ufliswuli daviTi da misi Svilebi, romlebic

1 Там же, с. 318.

361

mas eyoleba, mTeli iveriis miwa-wyali misi mefuri udide-

bulesobis saukuno xelqveiTi morCili iqneba. xolo Cveni

xelmwife mixeil Teodores Ze Teimuraz mefes da mis vaJs

ufliswul daviTs da mis mTel iveriis miwa-wyals wyalob-

dnen, mixedavdnen, icavdnen yvela arakeTilmosurnisagan, da-

exmaros yoveli gasaWiris dros...~1

Teimuraz mefem jvris qveSidan gamoiRo sigeli da

elCebisaTvis gadacema undoda, magram maT uari Tqves sige-

lis am formiT miRebaze. maT moiTxoves ufliswuli daviTi

da mefis garemocvac jvars mTxveodnen. Teimuraz mefem el-

Cebis amgvari moTxovna gaaprotesta: saqarTveloSi amgvari

wesi arasodes yofila, rom mefesTan erTad ufliswulsa

da mis didebulebs jvarze daeficaT da sigeli elCebisaT-

vis gadaecaTo. Teimuraz mefe, albaT, Tavis diplomatebTan

SeTanxmebiT, cdilobda Tavisi memkvidrisa da misi STamo-mavlebisaTvis Tavidan aecilebina iseTi arasasiamovno val-debuleba ruseTis mefis winaSe, rogoric iyo, 1587 wels ka-xeTis samefosa da ruseTs Soris dadebul ficis wigni, ro-melsac rusi diplomatebi yovelTvis cxvirwin ufrialeb-dnen rogorc qarTvelebis ise iranisa da osmaleTis warmo-

madgenlebs. radgan qarTvelma mefe aleqsandre II-m da misma

memkvidreebma samudamo fici dades ruseTisadmi erTgulebi-

sa da qveSevrdomobis Sesaxeb, amitom ruseTis mTavrobis

gagebiT, garkveuli ufleba gaaCnda saqarTveloze.

rusi elCebi amgvari winaaRmdegobisTvisac momzadebu-

li aRmoCndnen da TeimurazTanac igive iaraRi moimarjves.

maT maSinve gaixsenes mefe aleqsandre II, misi Svilebi _ Te-

imuraz mefis mama daviTi, misi biZa giorgi da axloblebi,

romlebmac jvarze daifices ruseTis xelmwifisadmi erTgu-

lebaze. Teimuraz mefem mosafiqreblad dro moiTxova da

sigeli ukan waiRo2.

1 Там же, с. 319. 2 Там же, с. 320.

362

Teimuraz mefem erTxel kidev scada Tavisi STamomav-

lobisaTvis Tavidan aecilebina, rogorc RmerTis ise ruse-

Tis xelmwifis winaSe mZime pasuxismgebloba. man, 25 aprils,

nikifore berZeni rusebTan gagzavna da sigeli gaatana, ro-

melzec mefis warmomadgenlis TqmiT, jvarze daifica yvela

im pirovnebam, romlebis ficsac elCebi moixovdnen. magram

elCebma sigeli ar miiRes da moiTxoves jvarze daficeba

maTi TandaswrebiT momxdariyo1.

imave dRes Teimuraz mefem elCebs kontrwinadadeba wa-

uyena: `Tqven, mefis udidebulesobis elCebma jvarze Semom-

ficeT, rom me, Teimuraz mefes da Cems iveriis miwa-wyals

Tqveni mefe mixeil Tedores Ze siRaribeSi, ganadgurebulsa

da gaZevebuls ar mimatovebs da yvela danapirebs Semisru-

lebs~2. rogorc Cans, Teimuraz mefis am moTxovniT elCebi

gaocebuli darCnen da pirdapir ganucxades: `Sen, mefe Tei-

murazi karg saqmes ar akeTeb, rom fexs iTrev da Sens

Svils daviT ufliswulsa da axloblebs ar ubrZaneb, rom

Cveni did xelmwifis mixeil Teodores Zisa da misi Svile-

bis erTgulebaze daificon. amiT Sens Tavsa da mTeli ive-

riis miwa-wyalsac vnebas ayeneb da keTil saqmesac aferxeb.

vfiqrobT, Sensa da Sens vaJs, ufliswul daviTsa, agreTve

maxloblebs Soris ganxeTqileba da cudi ganwyobaa. sike-

Tes, simarTlesa da erTgulebas [ruseTis] mefis udidebu-

lesobis mimarT ver vgrZnobT~3.

Teimuraz mefes sxva araferi darCenoda garda imisa,

rom ufliswuli daviTisa da axlobeli didebulebisaTvis

jvarze mTxveva ebrZana. ceremoniis damTavrebis Semdeg me-

fem elCebs gamoucxada, rom SeeZloT ruseTSi dabrunebu-

liyvnen, maTTan erTad gaemgzavreboda mitropoliti niki-

fore. Teimurazma elCebs im gzazec miuTiTa, romliTac isi-

ni unda wasuliyvnen. Teimuraz mefem elCebs ruseT-saqar-

1 Там же, с. 322. 2 Там же, с. 326. 3 Там же, с. 326-327.

363

Tvelos damakavSirebeli gziT wasvla aukrZala im mizeziT,

rom is gza gadioda mefisadmi mtrulad ganwyobil terito-

riaze da amasTan erTad didi Tovlis gamo saxifaToc iyo.

man elCebs ubrZana Sahis samflobeloebze gavliT dabrune-

buliyvnen moskovSi.

Teimuraz mefis am ganzraxvaSi ufro metad politikur-

diplomatiuri Canafiqri unda davinaxoT, vidre elCebis

usafrTxoebaze zrunva. elCebi, rom Sahis samflobeloebze

gavliT unda gaeSva, rogorc Cans, mas didi xnis winaT hqon-

da mofiqrebuli. mefem elCebs 10 oqtombers miRebisas ganuc-

xada, rom yizilbaSTa Sah sefis, moskovis mefis naCuqari 2

sonRuli gaugzavna da werilobiT sTxova saqarTvelodan

ruseTSi mimavali elCebi Tavis teritoriaze gaataros. Tei-

murazis TqmiT, aseTi gadawyvetileba imitom miiRo, rom mTe-

bi dafarulia TovliT da gvian, ilias dRes (Zv. w. 20 ivli-

si), iwyeba zvavebis Camowola. amas garda, mis saxelmwifos

yoveli mxridan urwmunoebi Semoertynen, da maTgan yovel-

gvar cuds moelis. rac Seexeba Sah sefis, mas rus xelmwi-

fesTan megobroba da siyvaruli aqvs da elCebs Tavis teri-

toriaze gavlas ar dauSlis1.

Teimurazma, elCebi გაistumra aprilis dasasruls. es

is droa, rodesac zvavebis Camowolis saSiSroeba ar aris.

Mmagram man mainc, Tadarigi daiWira, Sahs SeuTanxmda da

elCebi Semaxasa da derbendis gziT gauSva. ueWvelia, rom

Teimuraz mefes undoda Sah sefisaTvis, romelic moskovis

mefis `megobari~ iyo, eCvenebina, rom kaxeTis mefe misi, se-

fis, megobris megobaria. amaSi dasarwmuneblad Tu sabuTia

saWiro, inebeT: moskovis mefe kaxeTis mefes saCuqrebs, maT

Soris sonRulebs, da elCebs ugzavnis. Teimuraz mefis lo-

gikiT, kaxeTis mefe da iranis Sahic unda damegobrdnen. Se-

iZleba gavixsenoT espaneTis mefis mier Sah abasTan gag-

zavnili werili (Cemi varaudiT, igi nikifore irbaxis Txov-

niT daiwera), romelSic filipe IV saqarTvelo-espaneTis me-

1 Там же, с. 288.

364

gobrobis Sesaxeb acnobebda. maSinac werilis mizani is iyo,

rom filipe IV-is `megobar~ Sah abas I-s gaeTvaliswinebina

Tavisi evropeli kolegis `megobroba~ Teimuraz I-Tan.

amgvarad, nikifore mitropolitis pirveli elCobis

saerTo Sedegi (vgulisxmob mis diplomatiur mogzaurobas

moskovSi da rusi elCebis Camoyvanas saqarTveloSi), SeiZ-

leba iTqvas, mocemul etapze, formalurad, warmatebuli

iyo. is miznebi, rac am elCobas mefem dausaxa, TiTqmis miR-

weuli iyo. kaxeTis samefo ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sevida

da daxmarebaze dapirebac miiRo. elCobis SedegiT kmayofi-

li unda yofiliyo ruseTis mTavrobac. kaxeTTan gaforme-

buli xelSekrulebiT ruseTis saxelmwifos, Tuki mas Sesa-

bamisi xelsayreli pirobebi eqneboda, farTo asparezi ex-

sneboda samxreT kavkasiaSi ekonomikuri da politikuri saq-

mianobisaTvis.

nikifore mitropolitis meore elCoba moskovSi

1639 wlis 28 aprils ruseTis xelmwifis elCebi gzas

daadgnen. maTTan erTad moskovSi meored midioda Teimuraz

mefis elCi mitropoliti nikifore. elCebi 1640 wlis ian-

vris dasawyisSi ukve moskovSi iyvnen. nikiforem samefo kan-

celariaSi Teimuraz mefis vrceli werili waradgina, rome-

lic daTariRebulia 1639 w. 25 apriliT1.

werili uaRresad saintereso da Taviseburia, rogorc

SinaarsiT, ise agebulebiTa da stiliT. aseve sruliad gan-

sxvavdeba nikifore mitropolitis mefe mixeil Teodores

ZisaTvis moskovidan gagzavnili werili, romelzec vrclad

saubari mogviwevs.

Teimurazis werili Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisa-

gan: Sesavali, ZiriTadi teqsti da bolosityvaoba.

1 Переписка на иностранных языках грузинских царей с российскими государями от 1639 по 1677 г., СПб, 1867, с. 1-34.

365

Sesavali gavyoT or nawilad: 1. Teimuraz mefe gad-

moscems marTlmadidebluri qristianobis safuZvlebs da 2.

madlobas uxdis moskovis mefes nikifore elCisadmi da, sa-

erTod, iveriisadmi gamoCenili yuradRebisaTvis.

ZiriTadi nawili Tematurad mravalferovania: 1. dasabu-

Teba imisa Tu ratom gadawyvita Teimurazma moskovSi nikifo-

res meored gagzavna; 2. qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareobis ga-

Suqeba; 3. vrceli dialogi, romelic gaimarTa Teimuraz me-

fesa da nikifores Soris, am ukanasknelis moskovSi gag-

zavnis win; 4. pirobebi, romlis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi

nikifore daTanxmdeboda moskovSi elCad wasvlaze; 5. levan

II dadiani _ Teimuraz mefisa da ruseTis xelmwifis mteri; 6.

saqarTvelo-ruseTis damakavSirebeli gzebis mdgomareoba; 7.

qarTlisa da iq arsebuli siwmindeebis mdgomareoba; 8. Tei-

muraz mefis urTierToba Sah sefisTan; 9. iran-osmaleTis ur-

TierTobis mokle mimoxilva.

bolosityvaobaSi Teimuraz mefe wuxs da bodiSs ix-

dis Tavisi qveynis savalalo mdgomareobis gamo, moskovis

xelmwifis elCebs rom sakadrisad ver umaspinZla da Sesa-

ferisi saCuqrebi ver miarTva.

Teimuraz mefis werili, SeiZleba iTqvas qarTuli dip-

lomatiis epistolaruli memkvidreobis Cvenamde moRweuli

uaRresad saintereso da unikaluri nimuSia. misi ZiriTadi

teqsti naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis Teimurazsa da nikifore-

ze, rogorc gamobrZmedil diplomatebze, romlebsac SeuZli-

aT politikur oponents an partniors xan pirdapir, xan ga-

dakvriTa da miniSnebebiT gaumxilon TavianTi miznebi da in-

teresebi. epistoleSi Teimurazi da nikifore originalurad,

kiTxva-pasuxis saxiT gadmoscemen TavianT saTqmels. Teimu-

raz mefe eSmakobs: igi imgvarad acnobs moskovis xelmwifes

Tavis survilebsa da mosazrebebs, TiTqos mas sxvebma, gansa-

kuTrebiT ki nikiforem, Caagona, rom xelmwifis mimarT daT-

mobebeze wasuliyo.

muxlobrivad ganvixiloT Teimuraz I-is werili:

1. dasabuTeba: ratom gadawyvita Teimuraz mefem mitro-politi nikifores meored gagzavna moskovSi?

366

Teimuraz mefe moskovSi pirvelad gagzavnil nikifore

mitropolits, rogorc Tavis adgilas iTqva, maRal Sefase-

bas aZlevda. amjeradac igi cdilobs mixeil Teodores Ze

daarwmunos nikifores patiosnebaSi, raSic, savaraudoa,

moskovSi eWvi SehqondaT da saqarTveloSi Camosulma rusma

elCebmac nikifores mimarT ukmayofileba gamoTqves. albaT,

Teimuraz mefe amitom werda xelmwifes, rom nikifore misi

ndobiT aRWurvili diplomati iyo. me rac Tqven mogwereT

da rac man Tqvens udidebulesobasTan ilaparaka, yvelafe-

ri Cemgan davalebuli hqonda, is Tavisas arafers ambobda.

man aseve srulad da Seucdomlad momitana Tqveni pasuxio.

`mxolod lekebis Sesaxeb, romelTa winaaRmdeg daxmareba

gTxove, arc pasuxi da arc daxmareba mimiRia~1. nikifores

TeimurazisTvis zusti pasuxebi moutania yvela saidumlo

danabarebis Sesaxeb. amitom iyo, rom Teimuraz mefe Tavis

sxva didebulebTan da arqielebTan SedarebiT nikifores,

rogorc diplomats, upiratesobas aniWebda2.

Teimuraz mefis mixedviT, moskovidan dabrunebulma ni-

kiforem `dainaxa Cvens qveyanaSi areuloba da uwesrigoba,

rom Sahma wagvarTva qarTli da mcxeTis didi eklesia, sadac

davanebulia qristes kvarTi, aragvis xeoba, (nikifores_e.m.)

Cemi asulic Seebrala, atirda da mTxova: `Cemo xelmwife Te-

imuraz, gamiSvi, didxans gemsaxure, axla mcire xniT gamiSvi

wmida ierusalimSi Tayvaniscemisa da Cemi mitropolitad

xeldasxmisaTvis... Tu cocxali viqeni, Cemo xelmwifev, dagib-

rundebi, Tu movkvdebi, momiteve Cemo xelmwifev~3.

Teimuraz mefe mixeil Teodres Zes swerda, rom, rad-

gan mas ar hyavda nikiforeze Wkviani da sando kaci, romel-

sac saxelmwifos saidumlo saqmeebs miandobda, man dedof-

lis, ufliswuli daviTis, didebulebisa da arqielebis

Txovna gaiTvaliswina da mitropoliti nikifore ierusa-

1 Там же, с. 6. 2 Там же. 3 Там же, с. 10-11.

367

limSi ar gauSva. ufro metic, mas yvelam erToblivad

sTxova meoredac elCad wasuliyo moskovSi1.

amis Semdeg iwyeba Teimuraz mefisa da nikifores dip-

lomatiuri TamaSi. mefe Tavis werilSi `gulaxdilad~ mouT-

xrobs moskovis mefes im `winaaRmdegobebze~, romelic mos-

kovSi nikifores meored gagzavnis win gamomJRavnda mefesa

da mis diplomats Soris, nikiforem rogor `samarTlianad

da piruTvnelad~ pirdapir uTxra mefes da yvelas, vinc mas

daJinebiT sTxovdnen moskovSi wasvlas. `Tqven ase ambobT:

èrTxel kidev gavagzavnoT nikifore dRegrZel, did xelmwi-

fesTan, wavides da rogorc davavaleT ise moagvaros Cveni

saqmeebi. is Tu Cveni brZanebis mixedviT Seasrulebs yvela-

fers da didi xelmwife dagvexmareba lekebis winaaRmdeg, ma-

Sin Cven davificebT mis erTgulebaze da SevalT misi xeli-

suflebis qveS~2.

rogorc vxedavT, Teimuraz mefe ruseTTan urTierTo-

baSi, amjerad, lekebis sakiTxs pirvel adgilze ayenebda da

misi keTilad mogvarebis SemTxvevaSi mzad iyo ruseTis qve-

Sevrdomoba eRiarebina, magram mixeil Teodores Zem leke-

bis winaaRmdeg daxmarebaze Tavi Seikava, ris gamoc qarTu-

li mxare ukmayofilo darCa. mefesa da mis diplomats So-

ris gamarTul kamaTSi ikveTeba mizani _ radac ar unda da-

ujdeT daarwmunon moskovis mefe, rom qarTuli mxare ukve wavida iseT daTmobaze, romlis msgavsi arc erT saxelmwi-

fosTan urTierTobaSi ar hqonia. nikifore Teimurazs Seepa-

suxa: rac moiTxove, didma xelmwifem yvelaferi Segisrula.

Aamitom nu daujereb imaT vinc geubnebian, rom winaT, aleq-

sandre mefis dros, marTalia, ruseTTan megobruli urTi-

erToba gvqonda, Cveni elCebi midi-modiodnen, xelmwife

gvexmareboda, jaric mogvca da cixec aago da sxv. magram

jvarze daficebuli sigelebi arasodes migvicia, Cvens So-

1 Там же, с. 12-13. 2 Там же, с. 113.

368

ris mxolod siyvaruli da megobroba iyoo1. amgvarad, Tei-

muraz mefe ruseTis xelmwifes agebinebda, rom winaT kaxe-

Tis samefosaTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi moskovis mier

iolad gvardeboda. amJamad ki, xelmwifis moTxovniT, qar-

Tuli mxare did daTmobaze wavida, jvarze daifica misi

qveSvrdomobisa da samudamo erTgulebis Sesaxeb. es sakma-

risi ar aris?

Teimurazisa da nikifores msjeloba logikurad

iqiTken midis, rom moskovis mefis gasagonad, Teimurazma

unda dasvas kiTxva: kidev ra daTmobaze SeiZleba wasvla,

rom kaxeTis samefom moskovidan sasurveli daxmareba mii-

Ros. nikifore, rogorc gamocdili diplomati (Teimuraz

mefe yovelTvis aseTad warudgens Tavis elCs rusT xelmwi-

fes), iseT sam moTxovnas ayenebs, romlebic moskovis xel-

mwifisaTvis sasargeblo da misaRebi iqneba. sinamdvileSi,

Teimuraz mefe moskovis xelmwifisaTvis SeTavazebul wina-

dadebebs nikifores piriT axmovanebs. viTomdac, nikifore

mitropolitis mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi (sinamdvileSi

Teimurazis naazrevi) gamiznulia mixeil Tedores ZisaTvis:

1) Teimurazi nikifores aTqmevinebs, rom misi pirveli

`mTavari~ moTxovna politikosis mier micemuli sityvis

dacva da cxovrebaSi gatarebaa, radgan àdamianis sityva

modis iqidan, sadac sulia... es Txovnebi da sigelebi sauku-

neebis ganmavlobaSi darCeba. mrcxvenia didi xelmwifisa,

radgan es saqmeebi da moTxovnebi, romlebsac Tqvengan mo-

viTxov, didi saqmeebi da maRali moTxovnebia. vinc Wkviani

da gonieria, is gaigebs, rogor dasruldeba es saqme. Cemo

mefeo (Teimuraz _e.m.), xedav, rom mTeli saqme kiserze mki-

dia. rasac Sen didi xelmwifisagan moiTxov, me unda aR-

vasrulo RvTis SewevniTa da didi xelmwifis mowyalebiT~2.

rodesac am pirvel moTxovnas gavecnobiT, aucileb-

lad gviCndeba kiTxva: rodis da ra moiTxova moskovis mTav-

1 Там же, с. 114 2 Там же, с. 14-15.

369

robam Teimuraz mefisagan da man ar Seasrula? aseTi pre-

tenzia, gamoTqmuli rusuli mxaris mier CemTvis cnobil we-

rilobiT wyaroebSi ar dafiqsirebula. Tu ruseT-saqarTve-

los urTierTobaSi sityvis gatexasa da danapirebis Seus-

rulebaze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas, maSin amgvari sayvedu-

ris gamoTqma mxolod ruseTis mimarT SeiZleboda da, ra

Tqma unda, `nikifores pirveli mTavari moTxovna~ moskovSi

asec unda gaegoT.

2) `Cemo mefe, emTxvie jvars da momeci qveSevrdomobis

wigni imis Taobaze, rom emorCilebiT did xelmwifes. jvar-

ze mTxvevisa da erTgulebis ficis sigelis mixedviT, didi

xelmwife dagijerebs, izrunebs Tqvenze, dagicavT yvela

mtrisagan. ecodineba da daijerebs, rom srulad ekuTvniT

did xelmwifes~1.

Teimurazis werilis zemomoyvanil fragmentSi, rome-

lic, TiTqos, daiwera ficis dadebamde, gadmocemulia mefis

xangrZlivi TavSekaveba da mis mier sxvadasxva mizezis moS-

velieba, raTa moskovis xelmwifisadmi erTgulebasa da qve-

Sevrdomobaze ficis dadeba jvarze daficebiT, ramenairad,

Tavidan aecilebina. mefis aseTi orWofoba cnobili iyo

rusi elCebisaTvis da maT aRniSnes kidec TavianT Canawe-

rebSi. bunebrivia, ruseTis mTavrobisaTvis cnobili gaxde-

boda yovelive, rac ficis dadebasTan dakavSirebiT xdebo-

da (rusebis elCoba xom ZiriTadad am mizniT Camovida kaxe-

Tis samefoSi). Teimuraz mefes undoda xelmwifisaTvis aex-

sna is mZime mdgomareoba, romelSic igi da misi yvela ax-

lobeli aRmoCnda qveSevrdomobis sigelis jvarze dafice-

biT ganmtkicebis moTxovnis gamo, rom Teimurazi Tavs Seu-

racxyofilad grZnobda im undoblobiT, rasac mis mimarT

moskovSi amJRavnebdnen, maSin rodesac rusuli mxare saqar-

Tvelos mimarT Tavisi valdebulebebis Sesrulebis seri-

ozul pirobas sdebda da arc pasuxismgeblobas kisrulob-

1 Там же, с. 15.

370

da. yovelive amis gamo Crdili adgeboda Teimuraz mefis

Tavmoyvareobasa da principulobas.

Teimurazma da misma didebulebma nikifores hkiTxes

(Teimurazis sigelis mixedviT): `Tu Cven imas gavakeTebT, ra-

sac Sen daniSnuli mitropoliti nikifore Cvengan iTxov,

SeZleb did xelmwifesTan aRasrulo Cveni Txovna da saqme~1.

kaxT mefis werilis gacnobisas, ruseTis xelmwifes

da mis kariskacebs nikifores mimarT dasmuli kiTxva Tavi-

anT Tavze unda gadaetanaT, ueWvelia, es iyo Teimurazisa

da misi doplomatis Canafiqri. amaSi kidev ufro dav-

rwmundebiT maTi dialogis gagrZelebas Tu mivyvebiT da ga-

vaanalizebT. erTi SexedviT gakvirveba unda gamoewvia Tei-

muraz mefisa da misi kariskacebis mier nikiforesgan weri-

lobiTi garantiis moTxovnas, rom moskovis xelmwife maTs

Txovnas Seiwynarebda2.

srulebiT bunebrivad JRers nikifores pasuxi, rom ka-

xeTis mefesa da moskovis xelmwifes Soris urTierTobis

mogvareba, upirveles yovlisa, RmerTis da Semdeg didi

xelmwifis xelSia, nikiforem ki, mxolod sibejiTe da Seu-

povroba unda gamoiCinos. amasTan erTad, man moiTxova mos-

kovis xelmwifes Teimuraz mefis samflobeloebSi arsebu-

li oqrosa da vercxlis sabadoebis erToblivad damuSaveba

SesTvazon. am SeTavazebis mizani iyo materialuri sar-

geblianobiT daeinteresebinaT ruseTis mTavroba, iqneb mas

Teimuraz mefisaTvis realuri daxmareba aRmoeCina. yurad-

Rebas iqcevs am winadadebis SeTavazebis forma. nikifore

Teimurazs eubneba: radgan erTgulebis fici jvarze dafi-

cebiT dadeT, `didma xelmwifem unda icodes ra aris da ra

ar aris iveriis qveyanaSi. me vfiqrob, rom aris iseTi ra-

Rac, rac ar aris didi xelmwifis qveyanaSi da vfiqrob,

rom did xelmwifes amaSi aqvs didi gasaWiri da amis Sesa-

1 Там же. 2 Там же, с. 15-16.

371

xeb unda vacnoboT, rom icodes~1. amis Semdeg nikifore war-

mosTqvams `Tavis~ mesame moTxovnas.

3) `Cemo mefe Teimurazo, ai rogoria mesame moTxovna.

Cemo mefev, Sen Zalian kargad ici, rom didi xelmwifis qveya-

naSi [ruseTSi] ar aris iseTi sabadoebi, sadac iqneboda ver-

cxli an oqro. Sens qveyanaSi ki, rogorc Senc ici, TuSeTisa

da ditis (?) mTebSi aris vercxli da oqro. maSin, rodesac

Sen me elCad gamagzavne konstantinopolSi, ramdenjerme mib-

rZane ostatebi Camomeyvana, magram sulTnis SemeSinda da ar

mogiyvane. axla ki dro movida, Cemo mefe, da mogiwodeb amis

Sesaxeb acnobo did xelmwifes, rom mogvces ostatebi da ma-

dani aRmovaCinoT~2.

rogorc nikifores naTqvamidan Cans, XVII s. 20-iani

wlebidan Teimuraz mefem da misma diplomatebma ganizraxes

mezobeli Tu Soreuli saxelmwifoebis yuradRebis mipyro-

bis mizniT, maTTvis SeeTavazebinaT saqarTvelos wiaRiseu-

li simdidre. SemTxveviT ar unda swerdes Teimuraz mefe

moskovis xelmwifes, rom madnis specialistebis osmaleTi-

dan Camoyvana sulTnisgan saidumlod surda. amiT Teimuraz

mefes unda adresats gaagebinos, rom oqro-vercxlis saba-

doebi iseTi simdidrea, romlis mTlianad dauflebas sul-

Tani moindomebda, amis daSveba ki qarTvel mefes ar SeeZ-

lo, maSin, rodesac qristian da mfarvel mefes Tanam-

Sromlobas sTavazobs. sainteresoa, rom Teimuraz mefe mi-

xeil Teodores Zes arafers wers imis Sesaxeb, rom man qar-

Tul miwaSi arsebuli simdidriT Tavi moiwona espaneTis me-

fesTan da misi dainteresebac scada. nikifore irbaxma, 1627

wels filipe IV-s miarTva moxsenebiTi baraTi, romlis mok-

le Sinaarsi espanur enaze, moxvda espaneTis samefo kance-

lariaSi. baraTSi, sxvaTa Soris naTqvamia: `rac Seexeba mis

(Teimurazis) samflobeloebs iberiaSi, es mas sruliad akma-

yofilebs, radgan iq mravlad aris provinciebi da gamagre-

1 Там же, с. 16. 2 Там же, с. 16-17.

372

buli adgilebi, vercxlisa da oqros bevri sabado rom-

lebsac axla ar amuSaveben saomaro mdgomareobis gamo~1.

moskovSi mimaval nikifore mitropolits Teimuraz me-

fem daavala, rom sabadoebis sakiTxi saidumlod Seenaxa da

mis Sesaxeb SeiZleboda scodnodaT did xelmwifes, mis va-

zirsa da nikifores. mefem Tavis elCs misca miTiTeba Tu ra

pirobebSi sTavazobda sabadoebs rusebs: `Tu RmerTi ine-

bebs da didi xelmwife specialistebsa da xarjs gamog-

vigzavnis da [mopovebuli oqro-vercxlis] sabados gavxsniT,

naxevari Cven, naxevari dRegrZel xelmwifes, oqro iqneba Tu

vercxli, sanaxevrod gaviyofT~2.

4) Teimuraz mefe did yuradRebas aqcevda imas Tu ro-

gor epyrobodnen mis elCs, radgan amis mixedviT SeiZleboda

imis garkveva, rogori iyo ruseTis xelmwifis ganwyoba qar-

Tveli mefisadmi. `dReidan Cven ucxoebi aRar varT dido

xelmwife, _ wers Teimuraz mefe, _ piriqiT, sruliad damor-

Cilebuli var Seni maRali Zlieri xelisadmi. amitom, dido

xelmwife, Cems elCsa da Cems saqmes Seni didebuleba nu Se-

xedavs ise, rogorc iranis, TurqeTis da frankebis elCs. ise-

Ti yuradReba gamoiCine Cemi elCisa da saqmis mimarT, rogor-

sac iCen Seni mefuri didebulebis saqmis mimarT. Cems elCs

yvela saxelmwifoSi didi pativiT epyrobian, rogorc Sahis,

ise sulTnis [karze]. amitom msurs, rom Cem elCs Sens mefur

didebulebasTan hqondes iseTive didi pativi, rogoric aqvT

sxva xalxebs, radgan Cemi elCis Rirseba aris Cemi didi da

maRali Rirseba. miuxedavad imisa, rom gavRaribdiT, mainc

vsargeblobT pativiT da uxsovari droidan viwodebiT iveri-

is miwa-wylis mefeebad, im droidan, rac CvenTan qristianoba

Semovida, didi mefe konstantines droidan~3.

1 dokumentebi, gv. 423, #61. Sdr. vaTeiSvili j., nikifore irbaxis

nakvalevze, #175; tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika,

gv. 96-97. 2 Переписка, с. 17. 3 Там же, с. 19-20.

373

amis Semdeg Teimuraz mefe Tavis moTxovnebs uyenebs

moskovis xelmwifes. misi `pirveli didi moTxovna~ aris, is

rom xelmwifem kaxeTis samefoSi gagzavnos romelime didi

rusi Tavadi jariT, raTa daexmaros uwminduri lekebis wina-

aRmdeg. ori mxridan SeteviT lekebi ganadgurdebian da da-

morCildebian. isini xels aiReben kaxeTis rbevaze. amasTan

erTad Teimuraz mefem moiTxova cixe-simagris aRdgena im ad-

gilze, sadac odesRac, aleqsandre II-is dros, idga cixe1.

`Tu amis SesaZlebloba ar iqneba maSin agebuli iqnes axlos,

Cvens mTebSi, sadac Cven viciT kargi gamagrebuli adgili.

cixe-simagre daSorebuli unda iyos Cvengan imdeniT, ramdeni-

dac Tergi daSorebulia CerqezeTisgan. qalaqis dasacavad

xalxi Caayene. maSin lekebic dacxrebian da Cvenc Tu Turqe-

bis, sparselebis an sxva mtrebisgan didi safrTxis qveS aR-

movCndebiT, maSin Cven daxmarebas moviZiebT Seni mefuri di-

debulebis cixe-simagridan da Cven, kidev ufro didi xifaTi

Tu dagvemuqreba, maSin dedofals, ufliswulebs, Tavadebis

colebsa da Svilebs Seni mefuri didebulebis cixeSi Seva-

farebT, magram, roca Cveni dro dadgeba da didi mteri [dag-

vemuqreba], maSin Cvenc Seni mefuri didebulebis cixes Seve-

farebiT, raTa Seni mefuri didebulebisagan miviRoT daxma-

reba, dacva da mtkice TavSesafari~2.

Teimuraz mefis elCis mier moskovSi Catanili es wina-

dadeba cnobili gaxda iranis karze. Aambis Tanamedrove

sparseli istorikosi, mohamed Taheri, gadmogvcems Sahis im

reaqciaze, romelic Teimurazis ganzraxvam gamoiwvia: `man

(Teimurazma), radganac [rusebis] Tanamorwmune iyo, mimarTa

rusis xelmwifes da Tavisi ufrosi SviliSvili gagzavna

masTan da daxmareba da Svela iTxova. Mman mzakvrulad ur-

1 Там же, с. 21. amgvarad, Teimuraz mefem igive moTxovna gaimeora

ruseTis mefis winaSe, rac aleqsandre II-m daayena XVI s. 80-ian

wlebSi. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da

diplomatia, I, gv. 270-276. 2 Переписка, с. 21.

374

Cia [rusTa xelmwifes], rom mizanSewonili iqneba, Tu yoi-

sus cixis sanaxebSi ramdenime sxva cixec iqneba aSenebuli,

romlebiTac Caiketeba CerqezeTidan [RvTis mier] dacul qve-

yanaSi (iranSi) mosasvleli gzebi da Tu rusebis mxridan

daxmareba wamova saqarTvelos olqSi, _ es (e. i. daxmarebis

gamogzavna) advilad moxerxdebao. Dda rusTa qveynebis va-

lic motyuvda misi veragobiT da ramdenime cixe xsenebul

sanaxebSi aaSena da daniSna razmi maT mcvelad~1. imave is-

torikosis mixedviT, cixeebi sparselebs daungreviaT2.

Mmohamed Taheris cnoba srul winaaRmdegobaSi modis

rusuli wyaros cnobasTan. ruseTis mTavrobam, rogorc qve-

moT iTqmeva, uari Tqva Crdilo kavkasiaSi cixe-simagris

aSenebasa da iq jaris Cayenebaze. gamoTqmulia mosazreba,

rom Taherma Teimurazs miawera XVI saukuneSi levan kaxTa

mefis dros rusebis mier agebuli cixis sparselebis mier

dangreva3.

sayuradReboa, rom Teimuraz mefe, mas Semdeg rac niki-

fore moskovs gagzavna, daRestnelebTan brZolaSi daxmare-

baze xelmwifis pasuxs ar daeloda da ruseTTan damakavSi-

rebeli gzis gaxsnas damoukideblad Seecada. `ganizraxa

Teimuraz Sesvlad didoeTs, raTa moaqcios kerpobisagan da

yosca gza ruseTisa da Seiwios igini. SemokrebuliTa kaxi-

Ta SeuÃda da Semusrna raodenime koSkni da mowua dabnebi.

Aaramed didoTa moimwnes lekni da dauwyes brZola... da

moswyvidnes mravalni kaxni~4.

5) Teimuraz mefis werilidan Cans, rom misi diplomati-

is erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sazrunavi, mocemul periodSi,

odiSis mTavris levan II dadianis politikuri gauvnebelyo-

1 Mmohamed Taheris cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. teqsti da Tar-

gmani v. fuTuriZis. Mmasalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istorii-

saTvis, nakv. 30, Tb., 1964, gv. 384. 2 iqve, gv. 385. 3 bocvaZe T., saqarTvelo-daRestnis urTierTobis istoriidan (XV-

XVIII saukuneebi), Tb., 1968, gv. 89. 4 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 596.

375

fa da odiSis samTavro-ruseTTis saxelmwifos diplomatiu-

ri dialogis CaSla iyo. igi moskovis mefes uxatavs levan II

dadianis, rogorc uzneos, daundobelis, politikur partni-

orad arasaimedos da qristianobis mtris portrets.

is, rac Teimuraz mefis werilSi levan II-is Sesaxeb

uaryofiTi weria, saistorio literaturis cnobebiT, Ziri-

Tadad, dasturdeba.

rogorc Teimuraz mefe aRniSnavs, levan dadiani winaT

misi megobari iyo, rac moskovSic icodnen xaritonis elCo-

bis wyalobiT. mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs Sah abasTan Tavisi da-

pirispirebis periodi, rodesac devnili kaxTa mefis damcve-

lad dadianic gamodioda1. `mas Semdeg, rac man biZa mokla

da misi colo SeirTo, Tavis kanonier cols ki gaeyara, yo-

velwliurad aTidan TxuTmetaTasamde bavSvs yidis, risi

mowmec mTeli samyaroa. Turqebs, sulTansa da vazirs yo-

velwliurad saCuqrad ugzavnis qristianTa asoc bavSvs da

Turqebs xarks uxdis. igi yaCaRiviT SeiWra imereTSi, Cemi

siZe aleqsandres qveyanaSi, qristes aTi-Tormeti eklesia

gadawva da yovladwminda RvTismSoblis da yvela wmindane-

bis xatebi daCexa, isini dResac daCexilebia da maT inaxavs

Cemi siZe aleqsandre. me yovelive amis Sesaxeb mivwere mas

(dadians): Sen, dadiano, am borotebis Camdeni, qristiani ara

xar. da is Cemi sasikvdilo mteri gaxda. kidev imitom bra-

zobs, rom Cemi asuli miveci aleqsandres. me ki mas imitom

mivaTxove, rom sxva aravin iyo2. (dadiani _e.m.) Cem mtrad ga-

daiqca da pirvelad sulTanTan wamaCxuba, magram veraviTa-

1 Cvens istoriografiaSi gabatonebulia mosazreba, rom im period-

Si, romelsac Teimuraz mefe gulisxmobs, odiSis samTavros, leva-

nis meurve, misi biZa giorgi lipartiani ganagebda. i. anTelavas mi-

xedviT, giorgi lipartiani levan dadianis meurve arasodes yofi-

la. anTelava i., levan II dadiani, Tb., 1990, gv. 35. 2 arsebobs cnoba, rom dadianis erTi asuli elene Teimuraz I-is

rZali, ufliswuli daviTis meuRle yofila (qronikebi, II, gv. 474).

sxva cnobiT, elene kaTalikos evdemoz diasamiZis Zmiswuli iyo

(iqve, gv. 407).

376

ri vneba momayena. axla SahTan wamaCxuba da Cemi asuli dav-

karge. amas garda sxva bevri vneba momayena, dido xelmwi-

fev... axla ki, rogorc me meCveneba, mas Semdeg rac dadianis

elCi Sens mefur udidebulesobasTan movida, Seni mefuri

udidebulesobis CemTan waCxubeba unda,... gafrTxildi, rom

ar mogatyuos, misgan araferi sargebelia. mas arasodes ara-

visTan ar uomia, arc sulTanTan da arc SahTan, mxolod

areuloba da ciliswameba SeuZlia. am zamTars gardaicvala

Cemi simamri1 da Cemi siZe aleqsandre gamefda, axla kidev

Cems siZe aleqsandres wahkidebs sulTanTan da yoveldRiu-

rad agzavnis elCebs TurqebTan, SahTanac aCxubebs. man Ta-

vis siZes, manuCaris vaJs, cili daswama da Tvalebi amowva.

guriis saxelmwifo misca arqiepiskoposs, romelic axla

guriaSi arqiepiskoposic da mefec aris. es arqiepiskoposi

yovelwliurad yidis aTidan-Tormet aTasamde bavSvs da

Turqebs ugzavnis oTxmoc bavSvs, Turqebs uxdis xarks, vis

sjis, vis CamoaxrCobs da Jams swiravs, magram amas akeTebs

araqristianuli rwmeniT. imave dadians unda iverTa miwa-

wyalze mospos mefis saxeli da TviTon iyos iveriis erTa-

derTi mefe. misi mama Tavdapirvelad erisTavi iyo. misi

modgma gaqra da axla is aris dadiani. dido xelmwifev, ar

endo mas da ar daujero mis elCs, radgan igi antiqristea...

Tu giyvarvar me, Teimuraz mefe, saqristiano da iveriis mi-

wa-wyali, nuraviTar saqmes nu miandob am dadians, ar dau-

jero da ar miiRo misi werilebi, radgan man arc fici

icis, arc sxva rame. imisaTvis raTa mas ar endo, amisaTvis

gwer yovelive WeSmaritebas zustad, raTa Sen SemdegSi ar

Tqva, rom me amis Sesaxeb ar momiweria. amitom gwer da

Tqveni mefuri udidebulesobis elCebsac vubrZane zepirad

ecnobebinaT amis Taobaze. Tu me ar giyvarvar da ar mwya-

lob, maSin dadians daujere. Tu me giyvarvar da mwyalob

me, mefe Teimurazs mende, nu daujereb dadians da ar mous-

1 unda iyos mZaxali.

377

mino arc mas da arc mis elCebs. moiqeci ise, rogorc

gsurs, dido xelmwifev~1.

6) Teimuraz mefe sainteresod da Taviseburad aSuqebs

Tavis damokidebulebas qarTlis samefosTan, romlis dauf-

leba umniSvnelovanes politikur miznad dausaxavs. igi, ro-

gorc mixeil Tedores Zes wers, qarTlis samefo arasodes

ar yofila misi winaprebis _ papis aleqsandre I-is da mamis

daviTis gamgeblobaSi, magram mas, Teimurazs, RmerTma uboZa

da qarTlis samefosa da aragvis saerisTaos (yarayalyans)

12 wlis ganmavlobaSi flobda2.

Teimuraz mefe, arafers ambobs qarTlis taxtis dakar-

gvis namdvili mizezze (man rom daud-xan undilaZesTan er-

Tad imereTis mefis, dadianisa da mesxeTis Tavadaznaurebis

mxardaWiriT Sahis samflobeloebi dalaSqra). mxolod aR-

niSnavs, rom Sah sefis mier qarTlis CamorTmevis mizezi

Tavisi asulis ar micema iyo. Teimurazi xelmwifes agrZno-

binebs, rom qarTlis TeimurazisaTvis samefos dabruneba

moskovis interesebSic Sedis, radgan iq, mcxeTaSi daculia

qristes kvarTi, romlis dauflebas ruseTis marTlmadide-

beli eklesia cdilobs. amitom, Tu RmerTi inebebs, qristes

ZaliTa da misi mefuri udidedebulesobis wyalobiT isini,

Teimuraz mefe da ruseTis mefe, `kvlav daeuflebian

qarTls, mcxeTis did eklesias da aragvis saerisTaos~3.

Teimuraz I-is ruseTis saxelmwifosTan diplomatiur

urTierTobaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava qristes kvarTis

sakiTxs. miuxedavad imisa, rom winaT specialurad Sevis-

wavle qristes kvarTis istoria4 da winamdebare monografia-

Sic nawilobriv Sevexe, mainc unda iTqvas Teimuraz mefis

diplomatiuri moRvaweobis amsaxvel am sakiTxze.

1 Переписка, с. 22-24. 2 Там же, c. 24. 3 Там же, c. 24-25. 4 mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis istoria, gori, 2003.

378

* * *

ukve iTqva, rom mitropolitma nikiforem 1635 wels

moskovSi miitana Teimuraz I-is werili, romelSic sxvadas-

xva ambebTan erTad aRniSnuli iyo, rom `yovlismpyrobelma

RmerTma Tavisi mowyaleba ar moaklo da (saqarTveloSi)

qristianobis mospoba sabolood ar dauSva, radgan aq mcxe-

Tis did eklesiaSi moTavsebulia qristes samoseli. aqvea dResac Cveni sapatriarqo~1. imisaTTvis, raTa yovelgvari eW-

vi gafantuliyo, Teimuraz mefe mixeil Teodores Zes Txov-

da: `Tqvens TviTmpyrobelur mefobas SevTxovT ar daakavoT

Cveni elCi da masTan erTad Tqveni elCi gamogzavnoT... raTa

man daaTvalieros Cveni qveyana da qristianoba, wminda ekle-

siebi da iverTa mTeli qveyana, mcxeTis didi eklesia, sadac

moTavsebulia qristes samoseli da dResac iqQaris, raTaA

Tqvenma TviTmpyrobelobam WeSmariteba icodes. qristes sa-

moseli kaxeTSi ki ara qarTlSia~2. rogorc Cans, Teimuraz

mefe cdilobda Tavisi elCis, Teodose mangleli reviSvi-

lis mier Segnebulad daSvebuli uzustoba gaesworebina.

Teodoses varaudiT, ase gaaZlierebda moskovis xelisufle-

bis yuradRebas Teimuraz mefis kaxeTis mimarT. elCis am-

gvarma windauxedavma naTqvamma didad Selaxa qarTuli el-

Cobisadmi moskovis karis ndoba.

Teimuraz mefis winadadeba moskovSi miiRes da gadaw-

yvites saqarTveloSi gamoegzavnaT elCi, romelic mcxeTa-

sac moinaxulebda3. mitropolit nikiforesac Tavis mxriv

uTqvams, rom qristes samoseli kaxeTSi ki ar aris, aramed

qarTlSia. is moTavsebulia im eklesiis Sua qvis balaxana-

Si, romelic agebulia iq, sadac samoselze amozrdili ked-

ris xe moWres. Sahs im balaxanis dangreva undoda, magram

isini, visac es unda gaekeTebina, cecxlma STanTqa, sxvebi ki

1 Памятники дипломатических и торговых сношений Московской Руси с Персией. Изданы под редакциею Н. И. Василевского, СПб., 1892, с. 112. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 118. 3 Там же, с. 171, 190.

379

gaiqcnen. uflis samoselis naxva aravis SeuZlia, radgan is

qviTaa amoSenebuli.

mitropolitma moskovis xelmwifes Txova, rom misTvis

eCvenebinaT Sahis mier gamogzavnili qristes kvarTi. Teimu-

razis elCis am Txovnidan Cans, rom saqarTveloSi cnobili

iyo, magram rodidan ar viciT, Sah abasis qristes kvarTTan

dakavSirebul siyalbeze da nikifore cdilobda am sicrui-

saTvis fardis axdas. misi moTxovnis samarTlianobisaTvis

wonis SesaZenad, man xelmwifes aRuTqva, rom rodesac rusi

elCebi saqarTveloSi Camovidodnen, mcxeTaSi isini daub-

rkoleblad, sakuTari TvaliT naxavdnen qristes kvarTs1.

xelmwifis brZanebiT, nikifores Txovna daakmayofiles

da mas aCvenes qristes is samoseli, romelic `mefis umaR-

lesobas yizilbaSma Sahma gamougzavna~2. samwuxarod, niki-

fore Tavis werilebSi ar aRniSnavs, rogori SaTabeWdileba

moaxdina nanaxma. savaraudoa, nikiforem uaryo Sahis mier

moskovis xelmwifisa da patriarqisadmi gagzavnili saCuq-

ris realoba da amitom Teimuraz mefesTan gamogzavnil el-

Cebs daevalaT kaxTa mefisaTvis eTxovaT mcxeTaSi daculi

uflis kvarTi moskovSi gaegzavna.

rogorc iTqva, 1637 wels moskovidan gamoigzavna gan-

sakuTrebuli elCoba, romlis wevrebs sxvadasxva davaleba

miecaT. maT unda SeegrovebinaT cnobebi saqarTvelos eko-

nomikur, savaWro da samxedro mdgomareobaze. elCobis sa-

suliero pirebs ki daevalaT qveynis saeklesio da religi-

uri mdgomareobis Seswavla. rusi sasuliero pirebi unda

dainteresebuliyvnen agreTve, saqarTvelos siwmindeebiT.

maT gansakuTrebiT dawvrilebiT, sando da zusti cnobebi

unda SeekribaT mcxeTaSi qristes kvarTze. elCobis erT-er-

Ti wevri iyo beri arsen suxanovi, romelmac orjer imogza-

ura saqarTveloSi da friad saintereso cnobebi dagvitova.

1 Там же, с. 201. 2 Там же.

380

1639 w. 16 aprils zagemSi molaparakebis dasrulebis

Semdeg, rusma elCebma Teimurazs mosTxoves, dapirebis Ta-

naxmad, eCvenebina qristes kvarTi, raTa sabolood gaerkvi-

aT ras warmoadgenda Sahis mier rusT xelmwifisa da patri-

arqisaTvis gagzavnili saCuqari. Teimuraz mefem rus elCebs

upasuxa: vidre mitropolit nikifores moskovSi gavagzavni-

di, Cems mamulSi, qarTlSi viyavi da mcxeTac, sadac kvar-

Tia, me mekuTvnoda. nikifores moskovSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg

Sahi movida da qarTli wamarTva. amdenad kvarTis naxvis sa-

Sualeba aRar gvaqvs1. rac Seexeba Sahis mier moskovSi gag-

zavnil saCuqars, gaagrZela Teimurazma Tavisi mosazrebis

gamoTqma, is SeiZleba rusTveli episkoposis fericvalobis

eklesiidan waRebuli RvTismSoblis sartyeli aris, magram

is eklesiac Cems samflobeloebSi aRar aris2, amitom misi

naxvac aRar SeiZleba. qarTli, rom xelT mqondes, elCebs

uflis kvarTs, mcxeTis did eklesias, saswaulmoqmed nawi-

lebsa da wminda didebul xatebsac vaCvenebdi. Tu xelmwife

damexmareba, maSin Cems xelT iqneba qarTli, mcxeTa da uf-

lis samoselic da Cvens iveriis qveyanasa da iq arsebul

yvelafers xelmwifes mivcemo3.

moskovis xelmwifisaTvis gagzavnil sapasuxo werileb-

Si Teimuraz I sabolood ayalibebs Tavis mosazrebas mcxe-

TaSi arsebuli RvTis samoselisa da Sahis saCuqris Sesaxeb:

ùflis samoseli, romelic Tqvens mefur udidebulesobas aqvs da, romelic [moskovSi] mitropolit nikifores aCvenes, is samoselia rusTvelis eklesiidan, e.i. uwmindesi RvTis-mSoblis sartyelia... gadmocemiT viciT, rom RvTis samoseli, mcxeTis did eklesiaSia da ara rusTvelisaSi. roca Sah aba-si movida da Cveni mamuli daipyro, maSin is sartyeli, ro-melsac TqvenTan uflis samosels eZaxian, Sahma waiRo da Tqvens meufebas gamougzavna. namdvili samoseli dResac mo-

1 Там же, с. 313-314, 349. 2 Там же, с. 314. 3 Там же, с. 350-351.

381

Tavsebulia mcxeTis did eklesiaSi, romelic qarTlSia da aravis ZaluZs imisi amoReba. Tu RmerTi inebebs da qarTls davipyrobT, maSin yvelaferi, mcxeTis didi eklesiac da uf-lis samoselic Seni didi samefosi iqneba, Cvenc yvelani Tqveni mefuri umaRlesobis xelqveiTi gavxdebiT, dido xel-mwifev. amin~1.

amgvarad, Teimuraz I-is mizani sruliad naTelia da

mixeil Tedores Zesac aseve daufaravad wers: Tu ruseTi-

saTvis qristes kvarTi Zvirfasia da misi daufleba surs,

maSin xelmwife unda daexmaros Teimurazs daibrunos qar-

Tlis samefo. rusT xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi Sesul qarTl-

kaxeTis gaerTianebul samefosTan erTad uZvirfasesi siw-

mindec xelmwifisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba. Teimurazi

imasac gasagebad ambobs, rom kvarTs verc veravin amoiRebs

da veravin waiRebs saqarTvelodan, e. i. yvela SemTxvevaSi,

kvarTi sveticxovelSi darCeba.

aucileblad unda iTqvas Teimuraz mefis erT ùneb-

lie~ Secdomaze. rogorc zemoT iTqva, man ruseTis xelmwi-

fes miswera: rodesac mitropoliti nikifore berZeni mos-

kovSi elCad gamovagzavne, maSin qarTli me mekuTvnoda da

amitom mogiwodebdiT CamosuliyaviT saqarTveloSi, sakuTa-

ri TvaliT genaxaT da darwmunebuliyaviT, rom kvarTi

mcxeTaSi inaxebodao. ra Tqma unda, es Segnebulad daSvebu-

li Secdoma iyo. nikifore moskovSi wavida 1635 wels, maSin,

roca Teimurazs qarTli ukve dakarguli hqonda. 1633 wels

rostom-xanma qarTli daipyro.

Teimuraz mefes aRniSnuli `SecdomiT~ surda gaerkvia

iyo Tu ara ruseTi mzad gadaedga gabeduli nabiji kvarTis

dasaufleblad da, rac mTavari iyo, kvarTis sakiTxi gada-

eqcia ruseTis, rogorc mZlavri mokavSiris da mfarvelis

mopovebis erT-erT saSualebad. Teimuraz mefe kvarTis sa-

kiTxs did mniSvnelobas aniWebda ruseTTan urTierTobis

Tavis sasurveli mimarTulebiT warmarTvisaTvis. 1646 w.

1 Там же, с. 353.

382

moskovSi wargzavnili giorgi ColoyaSvilisadmi nabrZane-

bidan: `ColoyaSvilis batonis giorgisaTvis Cveni pasuxi

didisa yovlis pyrobelis ÃelmwifesTan es dagvibarebia.

Tu amas gvizams, rom qarTli dagvaWerinos da imazed mog-

vexmaros, patriarqad imaTi beri dasvan: macxovris kvarTia

iqa, advilis saqmiT daviWerT da Cems Svils1 giorgis Ãel-

mwifes mivscem: Tu amas ar gvizmen, amdeni qristiani tyve

TaTrdeba, lekni Camoguxsnan, cixe augon, rogorc kvlav

yofila da imisTvisTca mivscem Svilsa: Tu arc es qnan,

Cems uxuces Svils luarsabs qali mosces, saqarTvelo sa-

bolooT Ãelmwifisa iqneba...~2.

amgvarad, Teimuraz mefe Tavis warmomadgenels ava-

lebs, rom man moskovis mTavrobas, misi kavkasiaSi gaaqtiu-

rebisaTvis, pirvel rigSi yvelaze momxibvleli winadadeba

SesTavazos: mcxeTaSi rusi kacis gapatriarqebiT qristes

kvarTi, praqtikulad, rusTa xelSi aRmoCndeba. Teimurazis

citirebuli werili, ra Tqma unda, sasowarkveTilebaSi Ca-

vardnili politikosis cdaa ramenairad gaiCinos realuri

mokavSire iranis winaaRmdeg. magram amis miRweva maSin SeuZ-

lebeli iyo. rac Seexeba kvarTs, ruseTs, ueWvelia, misi da-

ufleba surda, mxolod im pirobiT, Tu ki misi mcxeTidan

moskovSi gadatana moxerxdeboda. magram maT amis ganxorci-

elebis imedi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, Teimurazma Tavidanve

gadauwura.

qristes kvarTi rom namdvilad mcxeTaSi, svetic-

xovlis taZarSi iyo, rusebi sabolood darwmundnen 1652

wels, rodesac saqarTvelos meored ewvia cnobili arsen

suxanovi. 24 seqtembers, man SeZlo sveticxovelSi misvla

da daTvaliereba.

a. suxanovis mier moskovSi mitanil cnobas qristes

kvarTis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda: gairkva

1 Teimuraz mefes am dros sakuTari vaJi aRar hyavs. igi daRupuli

ufliswuli daviTis vaJebs Tavis Svilebad moixseniebs. 2 Переписка, с. 64.

383

rom Sah abas I-s kvarTi ar wauRia da damtkicda qarTvelTa

simarTle: siwminde xeluxlebeli da daculi iyo Tavdapir-

veli davanebis adgilas. amis Semdeg moskovis politikuri

da saeklesio mesveurni moeridebodnen saqarTvelos samefo-

ebTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis dros kvarTis sakiTxis

ganxilvas, miT ufro mas Semdeg, rac naTeli gaxda, rom zo-

gierTi qarTveli politikosi da diplomati Tavisi miznebis

misaRwevad, am sakiTxiT spekulacias eweoda1.

* * *

davubrundeT Teimuraz mefis werils da gnvixiloT is

adgili, sadac seriozulad da delikaturad gamoTqmulia

ukmayofileba moskovis xelmwifis mimarT, romelic kaxeTis

mefis saTxovars araoperatiulad gamoexmaura da elCi ki,

Seuwynareblad didi xniT, moskovSi daayovna. moskovis xel-

mwifes unda gaeTvaliswinebina Teimuraz mefis mdgomareoba,

romelsac gamudmebiT eqstremalur pirobebSi uxdeboda

cxovreba. Teimuraz mefe mixeil Teodores Zes imasac ag-

rZnobinebs, rom mis Tavs datexili ubedureba, garkveulwi-

lad imiTic iyo gamowveuli, rom igi moskovis xelmwifes-

Tan damoyvrebas cdilobda.

Teimuraz mefe mixeil Tedores Zes Seaxsenebs, rom

rodesac Tavisi elCi nikfore mitropoliti pirvelad gag-

zavna moskovSi, im dros qarTli da kaxeTi gaerTianebuli

iyo erT samefod, mis SemdgenlobaSi Sedioda mcxeTis didi

eklesia. aqve iyo aragvis xeoba Zveli da keTilmowyobili

gza, romliTac imogzaures ruseTidan Camosulma pirvelma

elCebma. Tavis ZalebSi darwmunebulma Teimurazma nikifore

gagzavna moskovSi, raTa xelmwifisaTvis eTxova elCebis ga-

mogzavna qarTl-kaxeTis samefos, masSi qristianobis mdgo-

mareobis gasacnobad, dasaTvaliereblad mcxeTisa, sadac

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis istoria, gv. 79-82.

384

daculia qristes kvarTi da sxv. `dido xelmwifev, me ar vi-

codi, rom vidre Cemi elCi Seni mefuri udidebulesobisgan

dabrundeboda, Sahi movidoda, daipyrobda qarTls, did ek-

lesias da aragvis saerisTaos, es ar vicoda da arc mivara-

udia, rom ase moxdeboda. arc Cemma elCma icoda, rom ase

moxdeboda. ise ar moxda, rogorc vfiqrobdiT. dideba Sen-

da RmerTo: RmerTs vinc uyvars, imas sjis. vfiqrobdi, rad-ganac vflob qarTls, [mcxeTis] did eklesias, aragvis sae-

risTaos, ar mivcem Cems qaliSvils Sahs, raTa sulierad ar

daRupuliyo da agarianTa xelSi ar Cavardniliyo. bevri ve-

cade manamde gameZlo, vidre Cemi elCi, romelic xelmwifis

udidebulesobasTan gavgzavne [moskovSi] Casvlas moas-

wrebda. magram elCi iq didxans darCa da [erTi mxridan]

Sahma, xolo meore mxridan dadianma Semaviwroves. [Sahma] wa-

marTva qarTli da qaliSvili. es Cemi surviliT ki ara, Za-

ladobiT moxda. [Tavdapirvelad] Cemi qaliSvili da vaJi

TuSeTis mTebSi gavxizne da dRedaRam Cems elCs velodi,

raTa gamego Cemi elCi ra pasuxs momitanda Seni mefuri

udidebulesobisgan. magram Cemi elCi ar Canda, ar modioda.

me gakvirvebuli viyavi da ar vicodi rogor movqceuliyavi,

maviwroebdnen da mdevnidnen, risi mowmea RmerTi. imdenad

didma javrma Semipyro, rom mindoda Seni mefuri udidebu-lesobis qveyanaSi wamovsuliyavi da Tan wamomeyvana dedo-fali, ufliswulebi da Cemi Tavadebi, raTa gadamerCina Cemi

qaliSvili~1.

Teimuraz mefe moskovis xelmwifes arc imas umalavs,

rogori saSiSi saxe miiRo sagareo muqaram misi xelisuf-

lebisaTvis. amgvarma mdgomareobam didi ukmayofileba gamo-

iwvia: Tavadebma mefes saSualeba ar misces daetovebina de-

daqalaqi da arc TviTon apirebdnen qveynis datovebas. isini

moiTxovdnen mefes Tavisi qaliSvili SahisaTvis mieca, Se-

rigeboda da qveyanac damSviddeboda. Teimurazi garkveul

dromde, ukmayofilo Tavadebs pasuxs ar aZlevda. `ra unda

1 Переписка, с. 25-26.

385

meqna? erTi mxridan Sahi amimxedrda, meore mxridan dadiani

[Tavadebs] aqezebda. amimxedrda yvela Tavadi, didi da mci-

re, mTeli xalxi, ZaliT waiyvanes Cemi qaliSvili da Sahs

gaugzavnes. yovelive es [Sahs] dadianma Caagona. ase davkarge

Cemi qaliSvili. imave dadianma Sahs miswera, rom mefe Tei-

murazs unda moskovis xelmwifes daumoyvrdes. [ai ra miswe-

ra dadianima Sahs]: `Sen [Teimurazi] mxolod Seawuxe da Sea-

viwroe, raTa qaliSvili mogces, daipyari misi qveyana, sas-

wrafod, vidre didi xelmwifisagan elCi movidodes. winaaR-

mdeg SemTxvevaSi mefe Teimurazi qaliSvils aRar mogcems~.

ai ra da sxvac kidev meti Caidina dadianma. mas RmerTma

mohkiTxos, Seni didi mefoba ki dRegrZeli iyos. Cemi elCi

ki igvianebda, viRaceebi ambobdnen, rom igi mokvda, sxvebi

ambobdnen, rom zRvaSi daixrCo. ar vicodi rogor movqceu-

liyavi. dido xelmwifev, Cem elCs rom moeswro Seni didi mefuri udidebulesobis elCTan erTad, yvela saqme da gan-

zraxva kargad aRsruldeboda~1.

Teimuraz mefis werilis ganxiluli fragmentidan ki-

dev erTxel yuradReba unda mieqces im adgili, sadac lapa-

rakia qarTl-kaxeTis erTianobaze nikifore mitropolitis

moskovSi gagzavnis dros, rac, rogorc iTqva simarTles ar

Seefereba. qarTli jer kidev 1633 wlis gazafxulze ros-

tom xanma yizilbaSTa jariT daipyro. saintereso da gasak-

viric aris, rom Teimuraz mefe Tavis werilSi arc erTxel

ar axsenebs rostom mefes, romelTanac ganuwyveteli da wa-

rumatebeli brZola hqonda. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom Teimu-

razis dumili rostomze ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom mos-

kovis xelmwifis yuradReba mTlianad Sahze gadaetana da

igi yvelaferSi daedanaSaulebina. moskovis xelmwifes kar-

gi urTierToba hqonda SahTan da es ukanaskneli Tu moindo-

mebda qarTlis samefos sakiTxi Teimurazis sasargeblod

gadawydeboda. albaT, ase fiqrobda Teimurazi.

1 Там же, с. 26.

386

Teimurazis TqmiT, misi xelisuflebisaTvis aranakle-

bi saSiSi iyo odiSis mTavar dadianis moqmedeba, romlis

waqezebiT Sahi did zians ayenebda kaxeTis samefos. amgva-

rad, Teimuraz mefe moskovis xelmwifes pirdapir eubnebo-da, rom misma megobarma Sahma misi qveSevrdomi mefe (Teimu-razi_e.m.) amgvar saSinelebaSi Caayena, xelmwifes SeuZlia

gavlena moaxdinos Sahze, magram amas ar akeTebs.

Teimuraz mefe dadianis uaryofiT rolze kaxeT-ruse-

Tis urTierTobaSi kvlav ubrundeba, maSin rodesac nikifo-

re mitropolitisa da rusi elCebis kaxeTSi Camosvlis sir-

Tuleebze wers. rogorc Tavis adgilas iTqva, elCebs Ter-

gis cixidan wamosvla gauZneldaT da nikiforem Teimurazs

daxmareba sTxova. rodesac mefe elCebis Sesaxvedrad gaeSu-

ra, `dadianma Sahs miswera: mefe Teimurazma mogatyua [TiT-

qos] Segirigda. xedav, roca igi mTebSi wavida jaris Sesag-

roveblad, moskovidan dabrunda misi elCi ruseTis didi

xelmwifis elCebTan erTad jariT. mas unda mTebSi simagre-

ebi aagos da jari Sekribos Seni, Sahis, winaaRmdeg. dido

xelmwifev. amgvari sityvebiT aqezebda dadiani Sahs~1.

Teimuraz mefem, nikifores rCeviT, Sahs miswera: `Sens

sazianod ki ar gavagzavne elCi did xelmwifesTan, aramed

imitom, rom vici papaCemi aleqsandres droidan aseve ig-

zavnebodnen elCebi. isini midiodnen da brundebodnen. Cven

xom marTlmadidebeli qristianebi varT da erTi rwmena

gvaqvs. amitom [elCi] gavagzavne da eklesiebisTvis mxatvrebi

da xatebi viTxove, rom didma xelmwifem moiRos mowyaleba,

radgan Cemi qveyana ganadgurebulia. ar usmino dadians,

radgan dadiani Cemi momakvdinebeli mteria~2.

umTavresi rac Teimuraz mefem Sahs miswera iyo ruse-

Tis xelmwifesTan da iranis SahTan kargi urTierTobis

damyareba. `Saho nu mousmen mtrebis sityvebs, nu medavebi da

nu mospob Cvens Soris siyvaruls. Sen Saho, rogor mSvido-

1 Там же, с. 29-30. 2 Там же, с. 30.

387

bianadac cxovrob moskovis did xelmwifesTan, mec minda

masTan mSvidobiani cxovreba. vinc Seni megobaria, mec minda

misi megobari viyo, xolo vinc Seni mteria, mec misi mteri

viqnebi~. imave dros Teimuraz mefes SahisaTvis uTxovia,

rom moskovSi mimavali misi da xelmwifis elCebi iranis

samflobeloebze, kerZod Semaxis gziT gaetarebina. Sahma

elCi kargad miiRo da man da misma dedam Teimurazs weri-

lebic gamougzavnes. Sahi Teimurazs werda, rom igi mSvidaT

yofiliyo, elCebi mSvidobianad gaivlidnen mis samflobe-

loze. `mefe Teimuraz, _ werda Sahi, _ amieridan Seni Svili

var, Sen ki mamaCemi, Cveni sityva iqneba sityva, siyvaruli _

siyvaruli, megobroba ki megobroba. mtris arc erTi sityva

ar daijero, iseve rogorc me ar davijereb. iyos [Cven So-

ris] mxolod siyvaruli, megobroba da mSvidoba~1.

rogorc Sahma aRiara Teimurazi Tavis mamad, ise Tei-

murazi mimarTavs moskovis mefes: àxla, dido xelmwifev,

gwer, rogorc Cems mamas~. Sahma saidumlod miswera Teimu-

razs, rogori cudi Sedegi gamoiRo maT Soris mtrobam

orive mxrisaTvis. es moxda imitom, rom Sahma Tavis mtrebs

mousmina da Teimurazs waeCxuba. amis gamo iyo, rom Teimu-

razi Turqebs daukavSirda da isini Sahis winaaRmdeg aam-

xedra. Semdeg Sah sefi werda: `papaCemma Sah abasma aseTi fi-

ci dado: `vidre Teimuraz mefe cocxalia, mas nu waekidebi~.

mas Semdeg, rac Sahi gavxdi, SenTvis araviTari vneba ar mo-

miyenebia, mxolod mogTxove da wamoviyvane Seni qaliSvili,

isic mxolod mtrebis CagonebiT. mTeli areuloba dadianma

gamoiwvia. amis Semdeg Cvens Soris iyos megobroba da siyva-

ruli, vinc Cemi megobari iqneba, Senc imis megobari iyavi,

xolo, vinc Cemi mteri iqneba, Senc imis mteri iyavi. Tu

TurqebTan ar SevrigdebiT da isini, Cems sawinaaRmdegod,

erevanze wamovlen, Sen jars mogcem, Cemi siyvarulisaTvis

Seni jari da mTielebis jaric Sekribe. Turqebs qarTvele-

1 Там же, с. 30-31.

388

bisa da Seni eSiniaT. ase moiqeci, damexmare, SemdegSi ki ra-

sac isurveb an mTxov, imas mogcem~1.

Teimuraz mefes SahTan Tavis urTierTobis aRweriT

unda moskovis xelmwifes gaagebinos, rom miuxedavad yvela

gancdili gaWirvebisa, misi samefo imdenad seriozul sam-

xedro Zalas flobs, rom mas angariSs uweven misi mezoble-

bi da misgan daxmarebasac ki iTxoven. gansakuTrebiT mZime

mdgomareobaSia irani. igi dasustebulia da Tu osmalebi

Tavs daesxmian, isini mTel qveyanas daipyroben. yovelwuTs

mosalodnelia iran-osmaleTis omis dawyeba. Teimuraz mefe

gaurkvevel mdgomareobaSia, ar icis rogor ganviTardeba

movlenebi2. werilis mixedviT Teimuraz mefe warmoCindeba, rogorc kavkasiis politikis mniSvnelovani figura da aq-turi monawile.

werilis dasasruls Teimuraz mefe wuxils gamos-

Tqvams, rom xelmwifes ver ugzavnis Sesaferis saCuqrebs,

sakadrisad ver umaspinZla mis elCebs, maT ver uCvena mcxe-

Ta da verc qristes kvarTi, sveticxovlis taZarSi daculi

Zveli xatebi da saswaulmoqmedi nawilebi.

amgvarad, kaxeTis samefos saSinao da sagareo, zoga-

dad, saqarTveloSi arsebuli politikuri viTarebis aRwe-

risas, Teimuraz mefe amJRavnebs moqnili diplomatisaTvis

damaxasiaTebel, partniorze zemoqmedebisa da Tavisi zrax-

vebis SeniRbvis unars, SeuZlia gaiTamaSos gulubryvilo

mefis roli, romelsac TiTqos ar ZaluZs ar gaiTvaliswi-

nos, ufro metic, ar moiqces ise, rogorc Tavisi diploma-

tebi da kariskacebi urCeven da imoqmedos Tavisi survilis

winaaRmdegac ki. Teimuraz mefe, zogjer, roca saWiroa, arc

faqtebis gayalbebas, gaubraloebas an gazviadebas erideba.

SeuZlia moxerxebulad, moCvenebiT Seicvalos pozicia da

igi Seuxamos Zlieri politikuri partnioris interess. ma-

galiTad: Teimuraz mefem mravali, maxlobeli Tu Soreuli

1 Там же, с. 31-32. 2 Там же, с. 32-33.

389

saxelmwifos karTan diplomatiuri urTierTobisas mosinja iranis winaaRmdeg mokavSiris mopovebis SesaZlebloba, da sabolood darwmunda, rom amgvari Sansi ar arsebobda. ga-iTvaliswina ra ruseTisa da iranis mSvidobiani ekonomiku-ri da politikuri urTierToba, rac Teimuraz mefisaTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo, Secvala taqtika da, rogorc misi werilidan Cans, ruseTis xelmwifis winaSe Tavs iwonebda

SahTan kargi urTierTobiT. kaxeTis mefe fiqrobda, rusT

xelmwife, iranTan brZolaSi Tu ar gamoadgeboda, daRes-

tnelebis alagmvaSi mainc miemxro. man gamoacocxla Tavisi

didi winapris, aleqsandre II-is gegma, romliTac `SeeZlo

moskovs didi saqmis ganxorcieleba, _ daruband-Sirvanis

dapyroba, `saqareTveloebze~ xelis dadeba, megobar eranTan

da xeldebul saqarTvelosTan erTad~1.

nikifore mitropoliti rom Teimuraz mefis mier Semu-

Savebuli da mkacrad Camoyalibebuli gegmis mixedviT moq-

medebda, kargad Cans mis mier moskovSi xelmwifisaTvis mir-

Tmeuli `Txovnis~ dasasruls. gavecnoT am uaRresad sainte-

reso werilis Sinaarss.

nikifore moskovis mefes, Tavdapirvelad, saqarTvelos

sxva samefoebzec gavlenis gavrcelebis kargi perspeqtivas

uwinaswarmetyvelebs, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kaxeT-ruseTis ur-

TierTobas gagrZeleba eqneba, Tu ruseTi saqarTvelos gare-

Se mtrebis mogeriebaSi daexmareba. yovelive amis miRweva

SeiZleba saqarTvelo-ruseTis damakavSirebeli kargi gziT.

1 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tb. 1967,

gv. 45. mecniers, imaSi ki ver daveTanxmebi, TiTqos aleqsandre me-

fes osmaleTis winaaRmdeg koaliciuri laSqroba da saqaristia-

nos (konstantinopolis, ierusalimis) mahmadian dampyrobelTagan

ganTavisufleba undoda (iqve). arc aleqsandre II-s da miT umetes

Teimuraz I-s amgvari ganzraxva, ar hqonda, rogorc am ukanaskne-

lis diplomatiuri saqmianobis Sefasebisas aRniSnavda n. nakaSiZe

da n. berZeniSvils imowmebda (Накашидзе Н. Т., Грузино-русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, Тб., 1968, с. 247.

примечание 497).

390

gaocebas iwvevs nikifores pirdapiroba im ukmayofile-

bis gamoxatvisas, romelsac igi ganicdis ruseTis saxel-

mwifo aparatis mouqnelobis gamo. igi xelmwifisadmi sayve-

dursac ar erideba. misi TqmiT, amJamad Teimuraz mefes Zli-

er uWirs. nikifore xelmwifes daufaravad eubneba: `Cemi me-

fis saqmes ase civad nu moekidebi~, radgan yoveli saqme

droulad unda gadawydes. axla, rodesac Cemi mefe erTi-ori wliT Sahs Seurigada, unda visargebloT am xelsayre-

li momentiT da iverTa qveyana ganmtkicdes. amitom, Tu mo-

mavlisaTvis ganzraxuli gaqvs iverias raime gaukeTo, nu ga-

dasdeb da axlave daexmareo1.

nikifore aCqarebs xelmwifes, man swrafad miiRos ga-

dawyvetileba da igi droulad gauSvas samSobloSi. aq, mos-

kovSi, axal ierusalimSi, meore samoTxeSi yofnas ra jobia,

magram dRedaRam vtiri, rom Cemi mefe urjuloTa xeliT ar

daiRupos da mTeli samefo gvari ar gaqres. Tu mefis modgma

amowydeba, maSin daiRupeba marTlmadidebluri rwmena mTel

iveriaSi da mosaxleoba uRmerTo gaxdeba. Teimurazia iveria-

Si marTlmadideblobis damcveli. qveynis saerTo gaWirvebas

emateba lekebis Tavdasxmebi, romlebic yoveli qarTveli

qristianisgan xarks iReben, rac winaTi arasodes ar xdebo-

da. piriqiT, lekebi uxdidnen xarks iveriis mefeebs2.

nikifore ver malavs Tavis guliswyromas mis mimarT

moskovSi gamomJRavnebuli gulgrili damokidebulebis ga-

mo. nikifores kaxeTSi Seqmnili ukiduresad mZime mdgomare-

oba aiZulebs xelmwifes ganucxados, rom Teimuraz mefem

`ndobis Rirsad CamTvala da Sens mefur udidebulesobas-

Tan orjer elCad gamomagzavna, raTa Sen Segxvedrodi, mog-

laparakebodi da gadmomeca danabarebi, romelic Cemma mefem

samefo elCebis ganawesis mixedviT damavala. dido xelmwi-fe, viyavi sxva qveynebSic da vicodi ra da rogor unda meT-qva da rogor momegvarebina Cemi mefis saqme. magram aq, Sens

1 Переписка, с. 50. 2 Там же, с. 52-53.

391

mefur udidebulesobasTan ar SemiZlia Sevasrulo elCis movaleoba. ver veRirse piradad mexile da gadmomeca Cemi mefis saqme da sityva, ver veRirse piradad warvmdgariyav Seni mefuri udidebulesobis vazirTan. vis winaSe warvdge, rom Cemi mefis saqme aRvasrulo. mxolod werilebiT moqme-

deba SeiZleba~1.

Teimuraz mefis elCi kategoriulad moiTxovs Tavisi

mefis werilze pasuxs da, SeZlebisdagvarad, swrafad gaSve-

bas saqarTveloSi: àprilSi weliwadi dasrulda [rac aq

vimyofebi], magram garkveuli pasuxi ver miviRe. ra iqneba?

yovlisSemZle da dido mefe, gaixsneba Tu ara gza, ginda

Tavi momkveTe, erTi saaTiT meti aRar SemiZlia cda, radgan

ver davarRvev Cemi mefisaTvis micemul sityvas... yovlisSem-

Zle da dido mefev, imitom davde Tavi Cemi mefis winaSe da

ramdenadac SemeZlo daviyolie Cemi mefe da misi didebule-

bi, rom damorCilebodnen Seni mefuri udidebulesobis ma-

Ral samefo xels, rom Sens mefuri udidebulesobamde mo-

eRwia Cems sityvasa da werilebs da swrafad da kargad aR-

srulebuliyo Cemi mefis saqme. vxedav, rom Cemi batonis saq-mes winandelTan SedarebiT ufro civad uyurebT da vxedav, rom verc sityva da verc werilebi ver aRweven Tavis mi-zans, ver viReb zust pasuxs da [ar vici] ra iqneba Sedegi.

ar vici rogor moviqce da gakvirvebuli var: ukve sami kvi-

ra gavida mas Semdeg, rac saTxovari Cavabare, ver miviRe pa-

suxi da ar vici rogor moviqce. velodebi da mikvirs. weri-lis garda, Cemi mefisgan maqvs davaleba, romelic Sens me-fur udidebulesobas sityvierad unda vacnobo, magram ar

aris brZaneba CemTvis audienciis daniSvnis Sesaxeb... dido

xelmwifev, daminiSne dro: xo Tu ara? _ raTa metad aRar

Sevawuxo Seni mefuri udidebulesoba da momiteve yov-

lisSemZle da dido mefeo, ise mogaxseneb, rogorc Cemma me-

fem mibrZana, radgan is me mendoba~2.

1 Там же, с. 53. 2 Там же, с 55-56.

392

Tavadi miSeckisa da diaki kluCarevis elCoba kaxeTSi (1640-1643)

1640 wlis dekemberSi gadwyda nikifores gaSveba saqar-

TveloSi da masTan erTad rusi elCebis _ Tavadi efim mi-

Seckisa da diaki ivane kluCarevis gagzavna kaxeTSi. rusebis

elCobaSi iyvnen, agreTve, saxelmwifo saqmeebis mTargmneli,

mdivani, Tarjimani da ori bazieri frinvelebiT1. elCobas

mohqonda Teimuraz mefisa da ufliswuli daviTis saxelze

dawerili wyalobis sigeli, Teimurazis mier naTxovni 20

aTasi efimki da 2200 rublis Rirebulebis siasamuris bewvi2.

amgvarad, nikiforem moskovSi weliwadnaxevari dahyo da

wamosvlisas Tan wamoiyvana moskovis axali elCoba. man mos-

kovi datova 1641 wlis 9 ivniss. elCoba noemberSi Terg-qa-

laqSi iyo, saidanac imave Tvis 5 ricxvSi Teimurazs gaug-

zavnes Sikriki da acnobes TavianTi adgilsamyofelis Sesa-

xeb. 1642 wlis 16 Tebervals Sikriki dabrunda qarTvel azna-

ur ramazanTan erTad, romelmac miitana mefis werili daTa-

riRebuli imave wlis 5 ianvriT. Teimurazi elCebs acnobebda,

rom man Sahs sTxova ubrZanos aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis sa-

xanoebis gamgeblebs, raTa maT Tavisuflad da uxifaTod ga-

ataron Teimurazisa da moskovis xelmwifis elCebi. rodesac

aseTi nebarTva iqneboda, amis Semdeg elCebi daiZrebodnen ka-

xeTis samefosaken. mas Semdeg, rac elCebma Teimurazis axali

sigeli miiRes, 19 maiss Tergidan gavidnen da 1 seqtembers Ca-

vidnen SuamTaSi, sadac mefis kari imyofeboda.

xelmwifis mier Teimuraz mefisaTvis gamogzavnil wya-

lobis sigelSi mocemulia saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTo-

bis istoria dawyebuli ivane IV-dan da damTavrebuli f.

bolkonskis elCobiT. iqve gamoTqmulia kmayofileba dadebu-

li samokavSireo SeTanxmebis gamo. kavSiris sakiTxebi ki gan-

1 Посольство князя Мышецкого и дьяка Ключарева в Кахетию (1640-1643). Издание М. Полиевктова, Тб., 1928, с. 3. 2 Там жем, с. 8.

393

xiluli iyo e. miSeckisa da i. kluCarevis `darigebaSi~, ro-

melic Tavisi formiTa da SinaarsiT Zlier hgavda adrinde-

li elCobebisaTvis micemul `darigebebs~.

zemoT ukve iTqva, rom Teimuraz mefes gansakuTrebiT

ainteresebda moskovis daxmarebiT aRekveTa daRestnelTa

Tavdasxmebi da xelmwifes wauyena Tavisi moTxovnebi. ker-

Zod, is moiTxovda, rom xelmwifes kaxeTis samefoSi gaeg-

zavna romelime didi rusi Tavadi jariT da ori mxridan,

kaxeT_ruseTidan SeteviT lekebi gaenadgurebina da daemor-

Cilebina. lekebi xels aiRebdnen kaxeTis rbevaze. amasTan

erTad Teimuraz mefem moiTxova cixe-simagris aRdgena im

adgilze, sadac odesRac, aleqsandre II-is dros idga. saWi-

roebis SemTxvevaSi kaxeTi daxmarebas aRniSnuli cixidan

miiRebda, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi ki mefe, misi ojaxi

da didebulebi Tavs Seafarebdnen1.

Teimuraz mefis daRestanis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT

Txovnis gamo rus elCebs moskovis mTavrobis pozicia unda

ganemartaT Semdegnairad: daRestanSi jaris gagzavna da iq

qalaqebis daarseba ver moxerxdeboda, radgan astraxanidan

im adgilebamde, sadac Teimurazi am RonisZiebis gatarebas

moiTxovda, Sori manZili da ugzooba iyo. didi jari Seia-

raRebiTa da sursaT-sanovagiT iq ver mividoda, mcire jars

ki xifaTi emuqreboda da verc qalaqs Cadgamda. Teimuraz mefem mtrebisgan Tavi unda daicvas ise, rogorc mowyale RmerTi daexmareba. roca dro mova Teimurazs saWiroebis

mixedviT maSin davexmarebiTo2.

24 noembers mefem e. miSecki miiRo da masTan saubri-

sas erTxel kidev daadastura rusi mefisadmi erTguleba.

Mman kvlav dasva yumixelebis sakiTxi, romelTa Tavdazxmebi

kaxeTs did zians ayenebda3. Ee. miSeckim zustad gaimeora

moskovidan danabarebi: imis gamo, rom samxedro daxmarebis

1 Там же, с. 32. 2 Там же. 3 Посольство князя Мышецкого и дьяка Ключарева в Кахетию с. 149.

394

SesaZlebloba ar iyo, mefem Seni jarisaTvis fuli winaT

ukve gamogigzavnao. Aamaze Teimurazma upasuxa: im fuliT

valebi gavistumre, me, coli da Svili SevimoseT, meom-

rebsac vuwyalobe, ierusalimis wminda adgilebsac gavug-

zavne da im fulidan aRaraferi darCao1.

რac Seexeboda oqrosa da vercxlis sabadoebidan ni-

muSebis gagzavnas moskovSi, Teimurazma elCs upasuxa, rode-

sac Semdeg wels elCs gamovgzavni moskovSi, nimuSebsac

imas gamovatano. Aamis gamo e. miSecki SeniSnavda: `cnobilia,

rom mefe Teimurazi im oqrosa da vercxlis sabadoebiT [me-

feebs] xiblavs, [sinamdvileSi] is sabadoebi ara aqvs, Aan

sad unda hqondes, როცა misi mamulis maxloblad sul sxva-

dasxva mflobelebi imyofebian~2.

Teimuraz mefem qarTlis samefoSi Seqmnil viTarebas-

Tan dakavSirebiT e. miSeckis gaando, rom rostom mefis

mmarTvelobiT Sewuxebulma mosaxleobis sxvadasxva socia-

luri fenis warmomadgenlebma Teimuraz mefe saTaTbirod

miiwvies da, rodesac rus elCebs gauSvebs, maSinve qarTle-

lebTan saTaTbirod wava. Mmefem iqve imedi gamosTqva, rom

rostomi gaigebs Tu ara misi mowinaaRmdegeebis Sexvedrisa

da TaTbiris Sesaxeb maSinve sulTanTan gaiqceva da ara

SahTan. amiT Teimurazs, sayovelTaod cnobili rostom me-

fisa da Sahis karis gansakuTrebiT axlo da Tbili urTier-

Tobis sawinaaRmdegod, undoda elCisTvis Caegonebina, rom

rostom mefe ruseTis xelmwifis megobari Sahis erTguli

ki ar aris, aramed misi mtris megobaria. Uufro metic, Sah

sefis ganzraxuli hqonebia rostomi qarTlidan iranSi wa-

eyvana da es samefoc TeimurazisTvis gadaeca. Sahis Canafiq-

ri ver aRsrulda misi sikvdilis gamo. Aamitom iranidan

mxardaWeras moklebuli rostom mefe iZulebuli gaxda sam-

Svidobo molaparakebis dawyeba CemTvis SemoeTavazebinao3.

1 Там же, с. 150. 2 Там же, с. 151. 3 Там же, с. 151-152.

395

kaxeTis mefis es bolo naTqvams, rostomisagan samSvi-

dobo molaparakebis dawyebis SeTavazebis Sesaxeb, adastu-

rebs farsadan gorgijaniZe. rostom mefem Teimurazs SeuT-

vala, rom maT Soris mSvidobis damyarebisaTvis molapara-

kebaSi CaerToT imereTis mefe, odiSisa da guriis mTavrebi

da axalcixis faSa, magram Teimurazma uaryo es winadadeba

da or mefes Soris urTierToba kidev ufro daiZaba1.

e. miSecki, iTvaliswinebda ra kaxeTis SeiaraRebuli

Zalebis sisustes da samefos gaCanagebul mdgomareobas, Te-

imuraz mefes urCevda iranTan konfrontacias morideboda2.

Teimurazma amis Semdeg moskovis elCs gulaxdilad gaando

iranis karTan Tavisi namdvili damokidebuleba: gulSi Zve-li boRma maqvs, rom mTeli Cemi miwa-wyali Sahma gaanadgura da me gamaZeva. Mme mainc bednieri var, rom mters raRac zia-ni mivayene. Sahs ver movereviT da yizilbaSebisa da mTiele-bisagan Cems samefoSi mosveneba ar meqneba, maSin movikreb mTel Zalas da moskovis did xelmwifesTan gaviqcevio3.

1642 wlis 26 oqtombers elCebi kaxeTidan gavidnen da

Semdegi wlis 4 oqtombers moskovSi mividnen4.

giorgi ColoyaSvilis elCoba moskovSi

elCisaTvis gatanebuli sigeliT Teimuraz mefe bodi-

Sobda mixeil Tedores Zis elCobis mokrZalebulad miRebi-

saTvis da materialuri daxmarebisaTvis ki madlobas uT-

vlida. Teimurazi iTxovda xatmwerebisa da eklesiis sarkme-

lebis ostatis saqarTveloSi datovebas, romlebic im dro-

isaTvis imereTSi iyvnen gadasulebi. Teimurazi, Tavisi el-

Cis moskovSi gagzavnas, uaxloesi droisaTvis pirdeboda.

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 255. 2 Посольство князя Мышецкого, с. 152. 3 Там же. 4 Накашидзе Н. Т., Грузино-русские политические отношения,… с. 134.

396

Teimurazis mier elCad gagzavnili giorgi ColoyaSvi-

li, moskovSi Cavida 1646 wlis 21 agvistos1. mas werilebi

mixeil aleqsis Zis saxelze gaatanes. Cans, Teimurazis kar-

ze ar icodnen, rom igi ukve gardacvlili iyo da mis mem-

kvidre aleqsi mixeilis Ze mefobda (1645-1676).

ruseTis arqivebma srulyofilad ar Semoinaxa giorgi

ColoyaSvilis elCobis amsaxveli masalebi. Aamitomaa, rom

ar viciT elCobis wevrebis vinaoba da maTi raodenoba, ar

gvaqvs Teimuraz mefis mier sxva dros elCobebisaTvis mos-

kovSi gatanebuli zogadi xasiaTis, mravalTemiani episto-

le, romelic garkveul warmodgenas Segviqmnida e. miSeckis

kaxeTidan wasvlis Semdeg, giorgi ColoyaSvilis elCobamde

gavlil periodSi Teimurazis saSinao da sagareo politi-

kis Sesaxeb.

giorgi ColoyaSvilisaTvis gatanebul mcire baraTSi

Teimuraz mefem ase Camoayaliba moskovis xelmwifis winaSe

dasayenebeli Tavisi survil-Txovnebi: `q. ColoyaSvilis ba-

tonis giorgisaTvis Cveni pasuxi didisa yovlis pyrobelis

xelmwifesTan es dagvibarebia. Tu amas gvizams, rom qarTli

dagvaWerinos da amazed mogvexmaros, patriaqaT imaTi beri

dasvan [mcxeTaSi]: macxovris kvarTia iqa [sveticxovelSi],

advilis saqmiT daviWerT da Cems SviliSvils giorgis2

1 Там же, с. 135 2 ufliswuli giorgi am dros mxolod 4 wlisa iyo. sxvadasxva

cnoba gagvaCnia daviTis Svilebis Sesaxeb. zogierTi rusuli wya-

ros mixedviT, mas oTxi mcirewlovani vaJi darCa _ luarsabi, gi-

orgi, iosebi da nikolozi (Переписка, с. X). 1649 wels moskovSi Ca-

sulma Teimuraz mefis elCebma ki, saelCo prikazSi Tqves, rom Te-

imurazs daviTisagan mxolod sami vaJi darCa: luarsabi _ 10 wlis,

nikolozi _ 8 wlis, giorgi _ 4 wlis. imerTis mefe aleqsandre III

ki moskovis xelmwifes werda, rom daviTs sami vaJi da erTi qali

darCa (nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi aRwe-

riloba, 1650-1652 ww. rusuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT da xel-

nawerebis mimoxilviT gamosacemad moamzada i. cincaZem, Tb., 1970,

gv. 37, 40). giorgi ufliswuli male gardaicvala. igi dakrZales

gelaTis monasterSi (iqve, gv. 111; aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 180).

397

xelmwifes mivscem: Tu amas ar gvizmen, amdeni qristiani

tyve TaTrdeba. Llekni Camoguxsnan, cixe augon, rogorac

kvlav yofila da imisTvisca mivscem Svilsa: Tu arc es

qnan, Cems uxuces Svils luarsabs qali mosces, saqarTvelo

sabolood Ãelmwifisa iqneba. mis saqmesa uTqmelsa nu daag-

debT, Tvara romelic Ãelmwifis jamagiri gvqondesT imas

ecadeniT:

mefe qarTvelTa wyalobiTa RvTisaTa Teimuraz~1.

Teimurazis mier giorgi ColoyaSvilisaTvis micemuli

davalebebidan, kargad Cans ukidures ekonomikur da politi-

kur gaWirvebaSi Cavardnili kaxTa mefis mdgomareoba, rome-

lic cdilobs, radac ar unda daujdes Semxvedri nabiji ga-

daadgmeinos moskovis mTavrobas: Teimurazi mzadaa, qarTlis

taxtis sanacvlod, mcxeTaSi kaTalikosad rusi sasuliero

piris yofnas Seeguos. amiT ki ruseTis eklesia sanukvar

qristes kvarTsac daeufleba. Tu ruseTi lekebis Tavdasxmi-

sagan daicavs kaxeTis samefos, sanacvlod mZevlis micemas

pirdeba2, Tu mis ufros SviliSvils luarsabs samefo oja-

xis romelime asuls miaTxoveben, Teimurazis TqmiT, ruseTis

xelmwifes Sansi eZleva mTel saqarTvelos daepatronos. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu moskovis kari qarTveli mefis aRniSnuli

ganzraxvebidan arc erTs ar daakmayofilebs, maSin elCi un-

da Seecados, rom Teimurazs jamagiri mainc daeniSnos.

wyaroebis uqonlobis gamo Znelia imis Tqma, rogor

cdilobda g. ColoyaSvili Tavisi mefis danabarebis mosko-

vis xelmwifemde mitanas. safiqrebelia, rom igi darwmunda

Tavisi misiis uperspeqtivobaSi da xelmwifisaTvis mirTmeul

werilSi Seitana mxolod ori Txovna: fuladi daxmareba da

Suamdgomloba SahTan kaxeTisadmi mSvidobiani politikis ga-

tarebis Sesaxeb. òri saqme gviyaviT qristes gulisaTvis. er-

Ti ese, rome rac wyaloba jamagiri gvqondes daukleblad

1 Переписка, с. 64. 2 mZevlis mniSvnelobaze saqarTvelo-ruseTis diplomatiur urTi-

erTobaSi yuradRebas specialurad gavamaxvileb qvemoT.

398

gviboZo. rac maSin nikifore mitropolitis ÃeliT eboZa

Cvenman Ãelmwifeman, imisma mzeman, naxevari qristes saflavs

da monasters misca da gacrcvili ekklesias gauyo, saxata-

vad da saSeneblad... da naxevriT aqamdin TiTon darCa da

laSqarsac misca... meores amas vexvewebiT xelmwifes, rom er-

Ti didi elCi uboZos yizilbaT Ãelmwifesa, rom dagvexsnas.

Cven aras SevscodebT, nu gvarbeven~. iqve Teimurazis elCi,

albaT, Tavisi mefis danabarebis mixedviT, xelmwifes aqezeb-

da, rom mas SahisaTvis miewera: `Tu Cemi moyroba gindodes

Tqo, daexsen Tqo. Cemi gulisaTvis Tqven ekklesias nu aq-

cevT. Kkma amdoni Zali usamarTlo. Tu ar daexsnebiT, mec

dagemterebi Tqo~1.

1650 wels Sah abas meorisaTvis moskovidan gagzavnili

sigelidan vigebT, rom g. ColayaSvilis Txovnas SahTan we-

rilis gagzavnis Sesaxeb Sedegi gamouRia. 1647 wlis dasaw-

yisSi Sikrikma grigori bulgakovma, Sahs miarTva sigeli,

romelSic mefe aleqsi mixeilis Ze Semdegs aRniSnavda: Tei-

muraz mefe Tavisi winaprebis msgavsad ruseTis xelmwifee-

bis qveSevrdomia. `Cven maSin (1647 wels _e.m.) SegaxsenebdiT,

rom Cveni mefuri udidebulesobisadmi megobrobisa da siy-

varulis gulisaTvis, agekrZalaT Zaladoba, wyena da ganad-

gureba Cveni qveSevrdomi Teimuraz mefis da mTeli qarTve-

li xalxis mimarT~. Sahis sapasuxo werilSi, romelic imave

bulgakovma moskovSi Caitana, naTqvami iyo, rom Sah abasma

brZaneba gasca Teimurazi da misi qveyana aravis Seewuxebi-

na2. magram ramdenad daicva Sahma moskoveli mefisaTvis mi-

cemuli piroba, Cans imave werilidan. aleqsi mixeilisZe

wers: àxla Cven, did xelmwifes gvacnobes, rom Tqveni, Cve-

ni Zmis, samxedro meTaurebi Semaxidan da ganjidan jariT

wavidnen mefe Teimurazis winaaRmdeg da bevri boroteba Ca-

idines, mravali qarTveli amowyvites, Teimuraz mefis Svili

1 Там же, с. 65. 2 Там же, с. 62.

399

mTavari daviTi mokles da Teimuraz mefe axloblebTan er-

Tad saqarTvelodan gaaZeves~.

rodesac Sahis mociquls moskovSi mohamed yuli begs

gamohkiTxes, man ganacxada, rom saqarTvelosa da Teimura-

zis Tavs datexili ubedureba Sahis nebis gareSe, rustem

xanis gadawyvetilebiT moxda. werilSi gamoTqmulia imedi,

rom adre, 1647 wels moskovSi gagzavnili sigelis Tanaxmad,

Sahi akrZalavda saqarTvelosa da mefe Teimurazze Tav-

dasxmebs da brZanebda misTvis warTmeuli qonebis dabrune-

bas1. g. bulgakovis iranSi misiis Semdeg, kaxeTis saqmeebSi

ruseTis CareviT SeSfoTebulma Sahma abas II-m da misma sa-

telitma qarTlis mefe rostomma, Teimurazis Tavis samefo-

dan gandevna ganizraxes. amaze saubari qvemoT gagrZeldeba,

axla ki isev g. ColoyaSvilis moskovSi saqmianobas davub-

rundeT..

rogorc Cans, g. ColoyaSvilis mTavari amocana moskovi-

dan kaxeTSi axali elCobis gagzavnisaTvis molaparakeba iyo,

rasac man warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi. 1647 wlis 25 maiss mosko-

vis xelmwifis elCebma ofanasi bobarikinma da diakma iakos

istominma giorgi ColoyaSvilTan erTad datoves ruseTis sa-

taxto. rus elCebs TeimurazTan mihqondaT aleqsi mixeilis

Zis naCuqari 10 aTasi rublis Rirebulebis siasamuris tyavi,

saidumlo davaleba, rom elCebs ukan dabrunebisas Teimura-

zis TanxmobiT, Tan unda waeyvanaT mefis SviliSvilebi _ gi-

orgi da luarsabi. im SemTxvevaSi Tu kaxeTis mefe elCebs

SesCivlebda sparselebisa da mTielebisagan miyenebuli ube-

durebis Sesaxeb, elCebi mas TavSesafars ruseTis saxelmwi-

foSi SesTavazebdnen2.

kaxeTisken mimavali elCebi, niJni novgorodSi, Tergi-

dan moskovs mimaval ivane SCelkalovs Sexvdnen, romelic

saqarTvelodan modioda da elCebs mouTxro kaxeTis is

ukanaskneli ambebi, romelzec zemoT ganxilul aleqsi

1 Там же, с. 63; Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, с. 174-177, #39. 2 Переписка, с. LX.

400

mixeilis Zis werilSic iyo aRniSnuli. i. SCelkalovma Tei-

murazis elCs giorgi ColoyaSvils Teimurazis danabarebic

gadasca: mas ruseTis elCi kaxeTSi TuSeTis gziT unda Caey-

vana1. magram rus elCs da mis Tanmxleblebs saqarTveloSi

Camosvla ar eweraT. isini kaspiis zRvaSi daiRupnen, maTi

qoneba, rogorc Teimuraz mefe aleqsi mixeilis Zes acno-

bebda, Semaxisa da derbentis xanebis xvedri gaxda2. rac Se-

exeba giorgi ColoyaSvils, rogorc moskovis saelCo pri-

kazSi iranis Sikrikma aji mahmetma acnoba, igi sxva gemiT

mgzavrobda, gadarCa da Semaxamde miaRwia3. savaraudoa, igi

cocxali da janmrTeli dabrunda kaxeTSi.

1646-1647 wlebSi moxda Teimurazisa da rostom mefis

ukanaskneli Setakeba.

Zvel istorikosTa erTi nawili, romlebic Sahis po-

litikis momxreni (farsadan gorgijaniZe, mohamed Taheri)4

da gamtarebelni (rostom mefe)5 iyvnen, ukanaskneli omis

iniciatorad da damnaSaved Tvlian Teimurazs, romelmac ar

moisurva rostomTan kompromisi. vaxuSti batoniSvili6 da

beri egnataSvili7 gadmogvcemen: TeimurazTan SeTanxmebis

uSedego cdebis Semdeg, qarTl-iranis jari 1648 wels ka-

xeTSi gadavida. Teimurazi damarcxda. daiRupa Teimurazis

TiTqmis yvela TanamebrZoli, daiRupa ufliswuli daviTi.

Teimurazis mdgomareoba kritikuli Seiqmna. dedofali xo-

reSani rostoms Sexvda da Teimurazis imereTSi gaSveba

sTxova. rostomi daTanxmda. man Teimurazsa da mis amalas

misca yvelaferi aucilebeli da kaTalikosis TanxlebiT

1 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 137. 2 Там же, с. 137. 3 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы, с. 173-174, #38. n. nakaSiZes, ratomRac miaC-

nda, rom rusebTan erTad daiRupa g. ColoyaSvilic. Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 137. 4 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 255; mohamed Taheri, gv. 383. 5 qronikebi, II, 463 6 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 75. 7 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 427.

401

imereTis sazRvramde gauSva, sadac Teimurazs miegeba Tavi-

si siZe, imereTis mefe aleqsandre. Teimurazi kaxeTs samu-

damod gamoeTxova, romelic, Sahis brZanebiT, qarTlis same-

fos SeuerTda.

ruseTis xelmwifem, rogorc winaT mravaljer, amjera-

dac saqarTvelos aoxrebis gamo, Sahs sayveduris werili

miswera: `gasul 156 (1648) wels Cvens did xelmwifesTan, mis

mefur udidebulesobasTan Sah abasis udidebulesoba Tavis

werilSi, romelic mefis udidebulesobis Sikriks grigol

bulgakovs gamoatana, werda, rom misi Sahuri udidebuleso-

ba Cveni xelmwifisaTvis, misi mefuri udidebulesobis me-

gobrobisa da siyvarulisaTvis qarTveli ufliswulisa da

misi miwa-wylis dacva brZana da misi, Sah abasis, udidebu-

lesobis brZanebiT mas aravisgan Seviwroeba da gadasaxadis

Sewera ar eqneba. amis mere ki Cvenma didma xelmwifem, misma

mefurma udidebulesobam gaigo, rom Semaxiidan da kenkidan

(ganjidan _ T. t.) Teimurazsa da da mTel mis qarTul miwa-

wyals, Semoesivnen misi, Sah abasis, udidebulesobis qveSev-

rdomebi didZali jariT, bevri qarTveli gawyvites da qar-

Tveli mefis vaJi, ufliswuli daviT mokles, xolo TviT

Teimuraz mefe SviliSvilebianad saqarTvelodan gaaZeves~1.

moskovis xelmwifesa da iranis Sahs Soris mimowera

amis Semdegac grZeldeboda. xelmwife Sahs sTxovda Teimu-

razi Tavis samefoSi daebrunebina. matvei spiridonovma ira-

nidan moskovSi ambavi Caitana: Sah abas II-m rus elCs uTxra:

`Cemma sayvarelma Zmam moskovis didma xelmwifem momwera

qarTvel mefe Teimurazze, rom me, masTan didi megobrobisa

da Zmobis gamo, saqarTvelos mefe Teimurazs Tavisi mamuli

davubruno, da momavalSi mis winaaRmdeg jari aRar gavag-

zavno, Tbilisis xani ki, romelic Sahis brZanebiT saqarTve-

los miwa-wyals flobs, surs erevanSi gadaiyvanos. vici,

1 tivaZe T., masalebi saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri istorii-

saTvis XVII s., meore naxevarSi. `saistorio moambe~, t. 45-46, Tb.,

1982, gv. 31, #14.

402

rom es namdvilad ase moxdeba~. imave m. spiridonovs vinme

yorCibaSisganac gaugia, rom Sahs unda ruseTis didi xel-

mwifisadmi megobrobisa da Zmobis gulisaTvis, Teimurazs

misi samefo daubrunoso1.

1651 wlis oqtomberSi Teimurazis mier TergSi gag-

zavnilma Cerqezma aznaurma zagarma rus elCebs nikifore

toloCanovsa da aleqsi ievlevs acnoba: àm zafxuls yi-

zilbaSebis Sahma abasma Teimuraz mefes Tavisi elCebi gamo-

ugzavna da SemouTvala, rom mas TiTqos warTmeuli qalaqe-

bis isev TeimurazisaTvis dabruneba surs, qveyana (yizilba-

Sebisagan) gawmindos da mis mierve Teimurazis samflobe-

loSi daniSnuli xanic gadaayenoso~2.

savaraudoa, Sahis kari Segnebulad avrcelebda xmas

TeimurazisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTis taxtis dabrunebis Sesaxeb,

raTa ruseTTan urTierToba ar gauareseboda.

rostom mefesTan gancdili bolo marcxis Semdeg, Ta-

visi samefodan gandevnili TeimurazisaTvis gasagebi iyo,

rom mocemul etapze, mxolod ruseTis saxelmwifosTan kav-

Sirs SeiZleboda misTvis raime pozitiuri Sedegi moetana,

orive _ qarTlisa da kaxeTis taxtis Tu ara, kaxeTis dab-

runebis saqmeSi mainc. amitom iyo, rom imereTis samefoSi

TavSefarebuli Teiumurazi Tavis siZe aleqsandresac aqe-

zebda, rogorc es ukanaskneli da rusi elCebic aRniSnav-

dnen, dakavSireboda moskovis xelmwifes da mis mfarvelo-

baSi Sesuliyo. Teimurazis varaudiT, ruseTis gaaqtiureba

saqarTveloSi imereTis samefos moskovis xelmwifis mfarve-

lobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg ufro iyo mosalodneli.

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы,…с. 182-183, #42. 2 nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi aRwerilo-

ba, gv. 63.

403

Tavad ivane grigolisZis da arqimandrit Ppaxomis elCoba moskovSi

1649 wels moskovSi erTdroulad Cavidnen ori qarTveli

mefis _ Teimuraz I-isa da aleqsandre III-is elCebi _ Tavadi

ivane grigolisZe da arqimandriti paxomi. Acnobili ar aris

am elCobebis momzadebisa da daniSnulebis adgilamde mogzau-

robis pirobebi. mefeebis mier aleqsi mixeilisZisadmi gag-

zavnili berZnulad dawerili sigelebis rusuli Targmanebis

ganxilva moxda erTsa da imave dRes, 1649 wlis 13 agvistos.

werilebi naTels xdis giorgi ColoyaSvilis moskovSi yofni-

sa da iqidan dabrunebis Semdeg kaxeTSi momxdar zogierT mo-

ments (imereTis samefos Sesaxeb Tavis adgilas iTqmeva).

Teimuraz mefe, diplomatiuri etiketis dacviT, Tavda-

pirvelad, moskovis mefe aleqsi mixeilisZes madlobas moax-

senebs giorgi ColoyaSvilis kargad miRebisa da `gamogzavni-

li wyalobisaTvis~, romelmac mefemde ver miaRwia.

Teimurazs, werilis mixedviT, viTom ganzraxuli hqo-

nia moskovSi gaegzavna ufliswuli nikolozi, xolo elCad

ki _ alaverdeli mitropoliti arseni, rac saeWvod meCvene-

ba. is ki, rasac kaxeTis mefe, kaxeTSi datrialebul ambebs

aRwers, sruli simarTlea da sxva qarTuli wyaroebiTac

dasturdeba. ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavnis ganzraxvaze

xelis aRebis mizezad Teimuraz mefe asaxelebs Semdegs: `ra

wams yizilbaSebma yuri mohkres, rom Cems SviliSvils Sens

udidebulesobasTan vgzavnidi da igi Tqven dageqvemdebare-

boda da qarTlic misTvis naboZebi rom mqonda... am dros

Semaxidan da ganjidan jari movida... ori-sami mxridan daiw-

yes Cems winaaRmdeg Semoteva... maTi jarebi mravalricxovani

iyo, Cven ki cotani viyaviT... Cemi Svili daviTi martis 15-s

awames da mohkles... me ki davbrundi, Sevkribe Cemi Svilis

sami vaJiSvili, pirveli luarsabi, meore nikolozi, mesame

giorgi da Cems siZesTan aleqsandresTan imereTs, quTaisSi,

am WeSmarit qristianul sarwmunoebis samyaroSi, wamove-

404

diT~1. Teimuraz mefis azriT, moskovis xelmwifisaTvis ara-

feria SeuZlebeli da Tergis cixidan, saidanac kaxeTamde

erTi kviris savalia, xolo CerqezeTidan imereTamde amdeni-

ve, SeZlebs daexmaros gansacdelSi myof saqarTvelos2.

Teimuraz mefes erekle/nikolozis moskovSi gagzavna

Tavadi ivane grigolisZes da arqimandriti paxomis elCebad

gagzavnis drosac hqonebia ganzraxuli, magram ufliswulis

ar gaSveba, amjeradac, yizilbaSebis brali yofila, Semaxis

gza gadauketiaT. mTebSi gamavali is gza, romliTac elCebi

wavidnen, ufliswulisaTvis saSiSi iyo. Teimurazma yoveli-

ve zemoTqmuli imitom acnoba aleqsi mixeilisZes, rom gaa-

gebinos yizilbaSebi saqarTvelos mimarT agresiiT zians

ayeneben saqarTvelos fizikurad, ruseTs ki saerTaSoriso

avtoritets ulaxaven: ùrwmunoebisagan metismet Seviwrove-

bas ganvicdi. erTi kacic iranis agarianTa mefesTan rom

gagzavneT Tqveno meufebav da miSuamdgomleT, man Tqvens

brZanebas yuri ar aTxova, Tqveni brZaneba ki gaxldaT me ar

ganvedevne. is ki wmida eklesiebSi meCeTebs marTavs da qris-

tianobis daqceva surs... Tqveni didebulebis winaSe vin aris

iranis mefe, rom is Tqvens sityvas arafrad agdebs. sakmari-

sia Sen oci aTasi meomari gamogzavno, yvela aqaur miwebs

daepatronebi, qristianul eklesiebsac daicav da Sens arqi-

ersac dasvam da mTels amqveyniur samyaroSi saxels gaiT-

qvam~3. Teimuraz mefes surs moskovis mefesTan Tavis urTi-

erTobas mtkice safuZveli Seuqmnas da aleqsi mixeilis Zes

danaTesavebas sTavazobs. igi Semdeg azrs aviTarebs: marTa-

lia qarTveli mefe ekonomikuri da samxedro siZlieriT

moskovis xelmwifes ver gautoldeba, magram Tavisi warmo-

SobiT, xelwamosakravi arc is aris, rasac feodaluri sa-

zogadoebasa da mis diplomatiaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-

1 nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi aRwerilo-

ba, gv. 33-34. 2 iqve, gv. 34. 3 iqve, gv. 35.

405

loba eniWeboda. amas garda, TeimurazTan danaTesavebiT

xelmwife materialur sargebelsac naxavda: `me ki risi

Rirsi var Seni didebulebis winaSe, magram warmoSobiT da-

viT winaswarmetyveli mefis STamomavali var. agreTve brZa-

ne Cems SvilisSvils luarsabs qalwuli (Seni qaliSvili)

miaTxovon1, gamomigzavne Seni droSa da eufle (epatrone)

qveyanas. dasvi dai Seni dedoflad am mxareSi da eufle

mas, iseve, rogorc Tergis miwebs flob, aqauri miwebis

mflobelic gaxdebi da aqedanc miiReb xarks. gandevne aqe-

dan agarianni. da ididos didebuli mefis saxeli am adgi-

lebSi ukuniTi ukunisamde~2.

saintersoa, rom aleqsandre mefis sigelis is adgile-

bi, romlebSic igi Tavis simamrze, Teimurazze, laparakobs,

faqtobrivad gameorebaa Teimurazis sigelis Sesabamisi ad-

gilebisa, rac sigelebis Sinaarsis erTmaneTTan SeTanxmeba-

ze metyvelebs. qvemoTac gamoCndeba, rom es ori mefe, yo-

velTvis Tu ara, Teimurazis imereTSi iZulebiTi gadasax-

lebis dros mainc, sagareo politikis mniSvnelovan sakiT-

xebs erToblivad SeimuSavebdnen da maTi realizaciis gzeb-

sac erTad saxavdnen.

moskovSi Casuli elCebi Tavdapirvelad saelCo prika-

zis diakma mixeil voleSeninovma miiRo da sTxova sityvie-

rad moeTxroT Teimuraz mefis danabarebi, werils ki elCe-

bis xelmwifesTan audienciis Semdeg gadaTargmnidnen. el-

Cebma diaks moaxsenes, rom isini mefem Semdegi TxovniT ga-

moagzavna:

1. Teimuraz mefes unda xelmwifesTan Tavisi SviliSvili

nikolozi gagzavnos `da Tu misi SviliSvili mis udidebule-

1 i. cincaZe werilis am adgils (И повели дати девицу за внука моего) Targmnis ase: `brZane Cems SviliSvils luarsabs (Seni qaliSvili)

miaTxovon~. SemdegSi sruliad naTlad Cans, rom Teimurazi sar-

Zlod iTxovs xelmwifis das, tatiana mixeilis asuls. 2 iqve, gv. 35.

406

sobas gamoadgeba da Tu misi udidebulesoba wyalobas ine-

bebs, ubrZanos mis Camosayvanad Tqveni kacebi gamogzavnono~.

2. Tavisi samefodan gandevnili Teimurazis dasaxma-

reblad xelmwifem jari gagzavnos, romliTac mefe Tavis

qveyanas mtrisagan gaanTavisuflebs.

3. xelmwifem Sahs werili gaugzavnos, raTa man Teimu-

razis samefos dapyrobaze xeli aiRos.

4. Teimurazma mefis asuls, aleqsi mixeilisZis das,

tatianas saCuqrad jvari, beWedi da lalis sayureebi gaug-

zavna, romlebic moskovis kars tatianas luarsab daviTis

Zeze daniSvnis niSnad unda mieRoT.

5, xelmwifem Teimuraz mefes samefo wyaloba gaug-

zavnos.

6. xelmwifem Tavisi elCebi gagzavnos saqarTveloSi.

SekiTxvaze, ramdeni jariskaci hyavs Teimurazs, elCebma

upasuxes: mefes 10 aTasamde jariskaci darCao1. am elCobis Se-

saxeb sxva araferia cnobili, magram savaraudoa, kaxeTisa da

imereTis elCebis mier moskovSi Catanilma Txovnebma da dapi-

rebebma imdenad seriozulad imoqmedes rus politikosebze,

rom 1650 wlis 22 maiss xelmwifis brZanebiT `wyalobis (gada-

sacemad) da xelmwifis sxva saqmeebis (mosagvareblad)~, tradi-

ciis sawinaaRmdegod, saswrafod gaamzades elCebi _ stolni-

ki2 nikifore toloCanovi da diaki (mdivani) aleqsi ievlevi

da saqarTvelos elCebs gamoayoles.

rus elCebs, moskovidan, Cveulebriv, `darigeba~ gamoa-

tanes, romlis mixedviTac, savaraudod, Teimurazis an misi

kariskacebis mier dasmul kiTxvebze elCebs unda epasuxaT.

am savaraudo kiTxvebsa da pasuxebze yuradRebas vrclad

aRar SevaCereb, radgan isini, ZiriTadad, gameorebaa winaT

gamogzavnili elCebisaTvis micemuli `darigebisa~.

rus elCebs oqrosa da vercxlis sabadoebis Sesas-

wavlad xelmwifis mier specialistebis saqarTveloSi gamo-

1 iqve, gv. 39-41. 2 sufraji. kariskacis wodeba. mefis magidis zedamxedveli.

407

ugzavnelobis gamo, brali unda daedoT TeimurazisaTvis,

romelmac rus elCebs madnis nimuSebi ar gaatana. `Tu Tei-

muraz mefe im sabadoebis nimuSebs elCebs (e. i. toloCanovs

da ievlevs _ i. c.) gamoatans, elCebma oqros da vercxlis

sabadoebis nimuSebi Tan wamoiRon did xelmwifesTan, mxo-

lod gzaSi ar gamoaCinon, da arc aravis gaumxilon (es saq-

me piradad), marto elCebma unda icodnen saidumlod~1.

Teimurazis Txovna xelmwifis mier SahisaTvis weri-

lis gagzavnis Taobaze Sesrulda: SahTan werili gaigzavna

grigol bulgakovis xeliT d sapasuxo werilic miiRo:

ìranis xelmwife Sah abasi, Sen Teimuraz mefes, mfarvelo-

bas gagiwevs, da misi, Sah abasis, brZanebiT Sen aravin Sega-

viwrovebs da xarks ar gadaxdevinebs... Sen Teimuraz mefes,

rostom xani wageCxuba, didi Sah-abasis daukiTxavad da misi

brZanebis gareSe dagarbia~2.

Teimuraz mefis mier jaris TxovnasTan dakavSirebiT,

elCebs unda epasuxaT: xelmwifem amJamad ar ineba SenTan ja-

ris gamogzavna, vinaidan Seni qveyana, Cveni xelmwifis qveyni-

dan Zalian daSorebulia, gzac gauvalia, gzis siSore da Sim-

Sili jariskacebs gawyvets. `Senc Teimuraz mefe, ver gamokve-

bav did jars, radganac TiTon araferi gagaCnia, Seni miwa ga-

partaxebulia, xolo misma udidebulesobam mcire jari rom

gamogzavnos, isini Sen verafriT giSvelian, Sens mterTan ve-

ras gaxdebian. isev Sen mefe Teimuraz, TviTon unda gamoiRo xeli, Seni ZalebiT unda gaumklavde mters, unda gauZlo ma-namde, sanam ufali Cveni RmerTi Zalas mogcems. da roca dro mova, maSin didi xelmwife mefe Tavis mowyalebas da daxmare-

bas aRmogiCens Sen, Teimuraz mefes, ise, rogorc gekadreba~3.

gavixsenoT, rom amgvari pasuxi Camoutana Teimurazs moskovi-

dan 1642 wels rusma elCebma e. miSeckim da i. kluCarevma.


ba, gv. 51 2 iqve, gv. 52-53. 3 iqve, gv. 53-54.

408

nikifore toloCanovsa da aleqsi ievlevs miecaT gan-

sakuTrebuli davaleba saqarTveloSi SeegrovebinaT ekono-

mikuri, politikuri da religiuri mdgomareobis amsaxveli

cnobebi1.

qarTveli politikosebi ruseTis saerTaSoriso urTi-

erTobiT Tu dainteresdebodnen, elCebs unda epasuxaT, rom

maTs qveyanas normaluri urTierToba aqvs evropis yvela

1 iqve, gv. 54-55. sxva werilobiT wyaroebSi ar Cans da, amdenad Zne-

lia Tqma, rusi elCebi moskovidan miTiTebiT Tu TavianTi inicia-

tiviT, mosyidvis gziT iCendnen qarTveli mefeebis karze mstov-

rebs da maTi meSveobiT ipovebdnen saidumlo informacias. am

mxriv friad saintereso cnobas vxvdebiT 1652 wlis seqtemberSi n.

nikifore toloCanovisa da aleqsi ievlevis mier imereTSi elCo-

bis dros gaweuli xarjebis angariSSi. isini weren: `mivediT ime-

reTSi aleqsandre mefesTan. iq did xans vcxovrobdiT. aleqsandre

mefe (rusT) xelmwifes fics ar aZlevda, saqmes aWianurebda, kviri-

dan kviramde gvpirdeboda da ase gviqcevda. amis gamo, Cven, elCebma

vixmeT mefis sulieri moZRvari zaqaria mitropoliti, darbazis

kaci feSang mdivani àmirevi~ (goreli feSangi amiras Ze faSviber-

tyaZe-xiTariSvili _ cnobili poeti da politikuri moRvawe), biZi-

na Tarjimani da amaT (saidumlod) movelaparakeT, rom mefes urCi-

on, raTa am ukanasknelma (rusT) xelmwifes Tavisi pirobis WeSma-

riteba saqmiT daanaxos. is saqme daaboloos, jvarze mTxveviT dai-

ficos da elCebs nu gvayovnebs ise gagviSvas. amis gamo imaT mie-

caT: mitropolits 20 siasamuri, 4 arSini saukeTeso xarisxis mau-

di da qaSanuri abreSumis naWeri, sul mas mieca 20 maneTad, 26 al-

tinad da 4 dengad Rirebuli (saqoneli).

feSang darbazis mdivans, 5 cali siasamuri, 4 arSini igive maudi,

abreSumis qsovili erTi naWeri, sul 10 maneTad, 26 altinaT da 4

dengaT Rirebuli saqoneli. Tarjimans (biZinas _ e. m.) Tarjimnobi-

saTvis maudi, 2 cali siasamuri _ sul sam maneTad Rirebuli saqo-

neli~. (aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 180). n. toloCanovs moyvanili aqvs orio-

de SemTxveva Tarjiman biZinas mier rus elCebTan Teimuraz mefis

dasmenisa (nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi aR-

weriloba, gv. 81-82). vaxtang V Saxnavazis dros qarTlSi dabrune-

bulma feSangma, rogorc Cans, gamyidveloba ar moiSala da igi

cxviris mokveTiT dasajes (arCili, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli,

al. baramiZisa da n. berZenisvilis redaqciiT, II, Tb., 1937, str. 340).

409

saxelmwifosTan, iranTan da osmaleTTan, magram arc mixe-

il Tedores Zes da arc aleqsi mixeilis Zes araviTari ur-

TierToba ara hqonebiaT romis papTan `da arc araferSi

Wirdeba igi. romi moskovis saxelmwifosagan Sors aris, maT

Soris mravali miwa da saxelmwifoa, amitom arc momavalSi

iqneba urTierToba saWiro~1. rac Seexeba noRael TaTrebs

da `yazis uluss~, isini Zveleburad did xelmwifes emorCi-

lebian.

amgvarad, moskovis elCebi, tradiciisamebr, savaraudo

SekiTxvebze mza pasuxebiT aRWurvilni saqarTvelosaken ga-

moemgzavrnen. pasuxebSi araferi iyo Teimuraz mefisaTvis

romelime saWirboroto problemis dadebiTad gadawyvetaze.

elCebi 1651 wlis ivnisSi ukve imereTSi iyvnen. 16 iv-

niss isini gaemgzvrnen raWaSi, romelic mefe Teimurazs

aleqsandre mefisagan `sarCod hqonda boZebuli~2. 18 ivliss

mefem elCebi sadarbazod miiwvia. maT mefes, dedofals, sa-

suliero pirebsa da kariskacebs saCuqrebi gadasces. mefem,

saCuqrebis miRebis Semdeg, ukmayofilom ikiTxa: àqamde di-

di xelmwife oc-ociaTas vercxlis efimkebs migzavnida, ax-

la ki Tqvenis xeliT ar gamomigzavnao~. elCebma upasuxes.

rom xelmwifem ar icoda misi adgilsamyofeli, xolo mas

Semdeg, roca Sen mefe Teimurazi Sens samsaxurs da erTgu-

lebas daumtkiceb mis didebulebas, kidev met wyalobas gi-

boZebso3.

imave dRes, saRamos, elCebi, maTive TxovniT, mefem ka-

riskacTa viwro wris TandaswrebiT miiRo. elCebma mas Tavi-

anTi xelmwifis saidumlo davalebebi gadasces.

nikifore toloCanovisa da aleqsi ievlevis Teimuraz

mefesTan molaparakebebis mTavari sakiTxi, rogorc maTi sa-

qarTveloSi yofnisas gamoCnda, ufliswulis moskovSi way-


ba, gv. 57. 2 i. cincaZis varaudiT, `qalaqi~ raWa sxva araferia, Tu ara sa-

xelganTqmuli nikorwminda. aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 24-26. 3 iqve, gv. 70-71..

410

vana iyo. am sakiTxis TavianT sasargeblod gadasawyvetad

isini did Seupovrobasac amJRavnebdnen.

elCebma moiTxoves, rom Teimurazs, dapirebis Tanax-

mad, moskovSi gaegzavna Tavisi SviliSvili nikolozi. am

saqmis Sesruleba aleqsi mixeilis Zem nikifore toloCanov-

sa da aleqsi ievlevs daavala. `mefe Teimurazma brZana: me

rom Cemi SviliSvili xelmwifes gavugzavno da iman ki

(xelmwifem) Cemi samefos, kaxeTis gaTavisufleba ar inebos,

jari da xazina ar gamomigzavnos, maSin raRa azri eqneba

mis gagzavnas?~

jaris gamougzavnelobasTan dakavSirebiT elCebma me-

fes moskovidan danabarebi zustad gaumeores. amis Semdeg

maT mefes moaxsenes is razec `darigebaSi~ araferi iyo naT-

qvami, magram, savaraudoa, zepirad, saWiroebis dros, ker-

Zod, moskovSi SviliSvilis gagzavnis sanacvlod, xelmwi-

fis saxeliT Teimurazs unda dapirebodnen: finansur daxma-

rebas, imdenad bevrs risi warmodgenac Teimurazs ar SeeZ-

lo; moskovis xelmwife Teimuraz mefes uSuamdgomlebda

iranis Sahis winaSe, kaxeTis dabrunebis Sesaxeb; Tu man am

rCevis Semdeg samefo ar dagibruna... maSin Cveni didi xel-

mwife uTuod gagzavnis Tavis jars xvalisis (kaspiis)

zRviT, mis ganapira qalaqebs Seeseva da aTjer met qalaqebs

auoxrebs...~1 ai ramden rames pirdeboda ruseTis xelmwife

Teimurazs, Tu igi ufliswuls moskovSi gagzavnida.

rodesac elCebi Teimurazs ruseTis mier iranis wina-

aRmdeg samxedro aqciis mowyobas pirdebodnen, maTi azriT,

es qarTvelebisaTvis sarwmuno iqneboda, ramdenadac im

dros ruseT-irans Soris daZabuli mdgomareoba iyo da da-

Restnisa da Semaxis gamgeblebi ruseTis winaaRmdeg moqme-

debdnen. magram Teimurazi viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ruse-

bis danapirebs fxizlad afasebda. elCebi TavianT Secdomas

maSinve mixvdebodnen, rodesac mefis winaSe misi meore Svi-

liSvilis _ luarsabis, moskovSi gagzavnis sakiTxic daaye-

1 iqve, gv. 72-73.

411

nes. Teimurazma maT mkacrad upasuxa: luarsabs aravis miv-

cem, maSin viRasTvis vicocxlo da vin iyos Cemi Wirisufa-

lio. elCebma misTvis kidev ufro moulodneli moaxsenes:

maT nabrZanebi hqondaT, rom Tu Teimurazic inebebda imasac

waiyvandnen moskovSi Tavis qveSevrdomebianaT da xelmwife

umaRlesi wyalobis qveS miiRebda. Teimurazma gulmosulma

upasuxa: `roca dadgeba dro me TviTon veaxlebi mwyalobel

mefes, axla ki jer kidev aq unda viqne~1.

nikifore toloCanovis CanawerebSi Cans Teimuraz me-

fes eWvi epareboda rusT xelmwifis da misi elCebis keTil-

sindisierebaSi. 1651 w. 7 oqtombers mefis sulierma mamam da

Tavadma ivanem elCebs ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavnasTan

dakavSirebiT, Teimurazis azri moaxsena: àxla rom Cemi

SviliSvili elCebs gagatanoT xelmwife mas miiRebs, daito-

vebs da me arc xazina da arc jari rom ar gamomigzavnoso~.

imerT mefe aleqsandres warmomadgenlebma, imave dRes,

elCebs moaxsenes: amJamad mefe Teimurazi did xelmwifesTan

Tavis SviliSvils ver gatanT magram Teimurazs xelwerili

unda misceT, rom roca moskovSi dabrundebiT xelmwifes

masze cuds ar etyviT da keTilad moixseniebTo2. Teimuraz

mefem elCebs igive, ufro mkacri toniT, SeuTvala: ùf-

liswuli me didi xania mis udidebulesobas xelmwife mefes

miveci, mxolod axla ver vuSveb, vinaidan Zalian mcirewlo-

vania. gazafxulze gamovgzavni, axla ki verc xelwerils

mogcemT da verc vadas dagidebT. Cemi elCi ki unda miiRoT

1 iqve, gv. 73-74. 2 iqve, gv. 87. ueWvelia, rom n. nikifore toloCanovis SeTxzuli un-

da iyos viTomdac aleqsandre III-s rusi elCebisaTvis SeeTvalos:

`Teimurazis saqmeebTan me xeli ara maqvso, mis Cveulebas kargad

vicnobo, es pirveli ar aris, misgan danapirebis Sesruleba jer

aravis gvinaxavso~ (nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 77). toloCanovis naT-

qvami daujerebelia imitomac, rom a. ievlevs msgavsi araferi Cauwe-

ria Tavis `saangariSo aRwerilobaSi~. dokumenturi da naratiuli

wyaroebi, mxolod imas gviCvenebs, rom alqsandre mefe Teimuraz me-

fis Tanamzraxveli da TanamebrZoli iyo.

412

da Tan waiyvanoT. garda amisa, saxarebas gamovitan da el-

Cebma am saxarebaze da xatze unda Semomficon, rom did xel-

mwifes Cemze cud sityvebs aras moaxseneben1 da CemTvis wya-

lobas SesTxoveno~2.

elCebma Teimurazis am moTxovnis Sesrulebaze uari

sTqves. RamiT maT feSangi da Tavadi ivane ewvivnen da uT-

xres, rom SegiZliaT did xelmwifesTan gaemgzavroT, magram

mefisagan arc elCi da arc araviTari werili ar iqnebao3.

rusi elCebis bolo miRebisas, Teimuraz mefem nikifo-

re toloCanovis mimarT mTeli ukmayofileba gamoamJRavna:

`Sen nikifore, imTaviTve cudad iqceodi da iqamde miiyvane

saqme, rom saxinkled dakepva daimsaxureo~4.

rogorc Teimuraz mefis mier 1652 w. 23 aprils mos-

kovSi aleqsi mixeilis ZisTvis gagazavnili werilidan Cans,

mas n. nikifore toloCanovis mimarT da, ara mxolod mis mi-

marT, ukmayofilebis Zalze seriozuli argumentebi gaaCnda.

Teimurazi ruseTis xelmwifes ukanasknelad, rostom mefisa

1 elCebi TavianT `muxlobriv aRwerilobaSi~ arafers amboben Tei-

muraz mefis ukmayofilebis namdvil mizezze. magram sxva cnobebi-

dan Cans, rusTa elCobis wevrebis diplomatisaTvis Seuferebeli

saqcieli. kerZod, Teimurazis elCs, Teofanes moskovSi Teimura-

zis davalebiT ganucxadebia, rom 1651 w. seqtemberSi, nikifore to-

loCanovisa da misi amalis wevrebis skandaSi aleqsandre mefis

sufraze yofnisas, nikifore toloCanovis sulier mamas, mixeil

xucess, Teimurazis lanZRva dauwyia, rac rusulis mcodne qarTve-

lebs gaugiaT. elCobis erT-erTma wevrma, klimenti ievlevma (aleq-

sis Svilma) xucesis gaCumeba scada, magram xucesma deda Seagina.

mefisgan wamosul rusebs Cxubi TavianT binaSi gaugrZelebiaT.

klimentim miqels gaartya, n. toloCanovma klimenti sastikad ga-

laxa, xolo mis mamas aleqsi ievlevs wveri daaglija da joxiT

gaalaxvina. aleqsis Tavis kaci waeSvela, romelic toloCanovs

Semoakvda (Полиевктов М., К вопросу об авторстве статейного списка `С~. ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis saqarTvelos filialis moambe, I, #1,

1940, gv 83). 2 iqve, gv. 88. 3 iqve, gv. 89. 4 iqve, gv. 89-90.

413

da yizilbaSebisagan kaxeTis mier gancdil ubedurebasa da

daviT ufliswulis daRupvaze rodesac wers, yovelive amas

araferi sasikeTos momcem ruseTTan Tavis urTierTobas mi-

awers: omis gamo, rom Seni mefuri udidebulesobis msaxuri

gavxdi, Sah abas mmtrobs da Seni udidebulesobis brZanebas

ar emorCileba~. Teimuraz mefe mTlianad toloCanovs sdebs

brals imaSi, rom man, Teimurazma, ver SeZlo ufliswuli

nikolozis moskovSi gagzavna. man toloCanovs sTxova game-

ozamTra Tergis cixe-qalaqSi, manamde vidre, osmaleTidan

dabrundebodnen isini visac xelmwifis mier gamogzavnili

siasamuri gasayidad gaatana. maTi dabrunebis Semdeg, xel-

mokleobaSi mcxovreb Teimurazs, saWiro Tanxa gauCndeboda

SviliSvilisa da rZlis ruseTSi gasamgzavreblad. amitom

iyo, rom toloCanovs xatze da jvarze eficeboda, rom mas

ar moatyuebda da danapirebs Seasrulebda. Teimuraz mefe

Semdeg wers, rom rusma elCma ar daujera da Teimurazis

elCis moskovSi wayvanac ar undoda. diaki ievlevi mzad iyo

lodinisaTvis, magram nikifore toloCanovi da Tarjimani

ioane winaaRmdegni gamovidnen. `gigzavni bers (misi saxelia

Teofane) sigeliT, _ wers Teimurazi moskovis xelmwifes, _

Seni udidebulesobis pasuxis misaRebad. me ki, icode dReg-

rZelo xelmwife, aucileblad TviTon mival TergSi da uf-

liswuls dedamisTan erTad miviyvan da Sen gadmogcem. ro-

ca mas gadmogcem, gTxov dido xelmwife, rom Seni wyalo-biT gamomigzavno jari da fuli, raTa davibruno Cemi qveya-na. ase rom, Tu ufliswuls ar mogcem, Senc ar damijero da nurc jars da nurc fuls momcem. radganac Sens mefur didebulebas [Cemi] mravali mteri eubneboda, rom me Sen gatyueb da ufliswuls ar mogcem... me Seni mefuri didebu-lebis garda aravis vemorCilebi da davrCebi Sens qveSev-

rdomad~.

Teimuraz mefe n. toloCanovs brals sdebs gamyidve-

lobaSi, rom mas `sxva (mtrulad ganwyobilma _ e.m.) mxarem

fuli misca, amitom ar gamigona. dRegrZelo mefe icode es

414

da ganixile es saqme~1. Teimuraz mefe ar akonkretebs vis

gulisxmobs `sxva mxareSi~, magram SeiZleba `sxva mxare~ iyo

an Sahi, an rostom mefe da an levan II dadiani, an eseni yve-

lani erTad.

amgvarad, toloCanovma, rogorc elCma, Tavi ver gaar-

Tva Tavis movaleobas, verc Teimuraz mefesTan moagvara

saqme, verc ufliswuli waiyvana moskovSi, rasac didi inte-

resiT moeloda ruseTis mTavroba. àmis Semdeg gasagebi

xdeba is faqti, _ SeniSnavs i. cincaZe, _ rom nikifore to-

loCanovi sagareo saqmeTa xaziT aRar muSaobs~2.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, n. toloCanovis

da, saerTod, rusi elCebis cnobebs didi sifrTxiliT unda

ganxilva. isini, savaraudoa, zogjer garkveuli mosazrebiT,

TavianTi mTavrobisaTvis daweril moxsenebebSi, amuqebdnen

an sruliadac amaxinjebdnen faqtebs, gansakuTrebiT maSin,

rodesac Teimuraz mefeze werdnen.

elCebi ise wavidnen saqarTvelodan, rom Teimurazi

maT aRar Sexvda. Teimurazis xelis mTxvevaze elCobis ri-

giTi wevrebi miiwvies. maT ruseTSi gahyva Teimurazis elCi

berZeni beri Teofane, romelmac aleqsi mixeilis Zes zemo-

ganxiluli werili miarTva. mefem Teofane toloCanovs ki

ar Caabara, aramed aleqsi ievlevsa da mis vaJs klimentis.

amgvarad, Teimuraz mefem, miuxedavad Tavisi rTuli

mdgomareobisa, `mfarvelis~ _ ruseTis xelmwifis elCi niki-

fore toloCanovi persona non grata-d gamoacxada, rac iSviaTi SemTxvevaa mravalsaukunovan qarTul diplomatiaSi.

1 Переписка, с. 68-70. 2 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 15. MmoskovSi dabrunebuli nikifore

toloCanovis Semdgomi saqmianobidan cnobilia, rom igi jer reC

pospolitasTan omSi monawileobda, Semdeg q. atemaris aznaurTa

Tavad daniSnes. afasebs, ra nikifore toloCanovisa da Teimurazis

konfliqts, d. kaWarava wers: `cxadia, nikifore toloCanovis moq-

medeba ruseTis interesebSi Sedioda da moskovis samefo karma mis

mimarT Teimurazis wamoyenebul braldebas yuradRreba ar miaq-

cia~. qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II, gv. 184, Sen. 1.

415

1652 wlis seqtemberSi rusi da qarTveli (Teimuraz I-

sa da aleqsandre III-is) elCebi moskovSi Cavidnen.

vidre elCebi moskovSi Cavidodnen, manamade, 1650 wels

molaparakeba gaimarTa ruseTis mTavrobasa da iranis elC

Mmohamed yuli begs Soris. formalurad, TiTqos, molapara-

kebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi Sahis saqarTvelosad-

mi, kerZod Teimuraz I-sadmi damokidebuleba iyo. saelCo

prikazSi molaparakebis dros (8 ianvari _ maisi) Sahis el-

Cma saqarTvelos saqmeebSi Sahis Carevaze saubars Tavi aa-

rida da is, rac kaxeTisa da Teimurazis mimarT xdeboda,

saqarTvelos Sida saqmed gamoacxada: `Teimurazis da... amJa-

mideli Sahis mamis _ sefis coli iyo, amitom Teimurazi

Cveni xelmwifis axlobelia. qarTveli Teimurazi Tbilisis

rostom xanTan imitom Cxubobs, rom isini erTmaneTis ax-

loblebi, erTi Taobisani, erTi didi mTavris Camomavlebi

arian. rostom xani Sahis qveSevrdomi da muslimania da sa-

qarTvelos miwa-wylis naxevari mas ekuTvnis, meore naxevari

ki Teimurazs. maT Soris uTanxmoebaa da Sahi rostom xanze

brazobs, rom saqarTvelos miwa-wyali gaanadgura da uf-

liswuli mokla. Teimurazi axla Tavis siZesTan cxovrobs,

Tavisi qveyana miatova, Sahs ki arafers swers da arafers

evedreba. rom eTxova, Sahi brZanebda mas Zveleburad Tavis

qveyanaSi ecxovra. me Sahis didebulebas amis Taobaze movax-

seneb da Sahi xelmwifis didebulebis gulisaTvis brZanebs,

Teimurazs misi qveyana daubrunon da misi qveyana daicvan...~1.

amgvarad, Sahis diplomatis TqmiT, saqarTveloSi qar-

Tlisa da kaxeTis urTierTbrZola, naTesavebs Soris gaur-

kveveli urTierTobis Sedegi iyo da Sah abas II-is politi-

kis rameSi dadanaSauleba ar SeiZleboda. Sahi ubralo ma-

yurebeli iyo da igi imaze swuxda, Teimurazi ratom daxma-

rebas ar sTxovda samarTlianobis aRsadgenad.

saelCo prikazis sxva Canaweridan vigebT, rom Mmoha-

med yuli begma rostom mefis moskovis xelmwifisadmi pati-

1 Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы... с. 176-177, №39.

416

viscemis sailustraciod, ganacxada, rom rostomma Teimura-

zis `deda~ (qeTevan dedofali 26 wlis winaT mokles Sah

abas I-is brZanebiT) da coli TeimurazTan gauSva da ime-

reTsa da guriaze ar gailaSqra `da amiT (moskovis_e.m.) me-

fis udidebulesobisadmi sruli Zmuri siyvaruli da megob-

roba gamoxata~. elCis sityviT, Sahi da rostomi aseTi keTi-

lebi arian, maSin rodesac Teimuraz mefe Sahis mters, Tur-

qeTis mefes daukavSirda. rusma diplomatebma elCis naTqva-

mis gamo gakvirveba gamoxates da mas dapirdnen, rom yove-

lives gamoikvlevdnen, manamde ki moskovis xelmwifisadmi

siyvarulisa da megobrobis gulisaTvis Sah abasi ar SeiW-

res saqarTveloSi da ar gaanadguros, raTa did xelmwife-

ebs Soris Zmuri megobroba ar dairRves. elCma moiTxova,

rom `mefe Teimurazma Sahis udidebulesobas Tavisi pirda-

piri samsaxuri uCvenos da misadmi ymobaSi iyves. es unda

ubrZanos didi xelmwifis mefurma udidebulesobam, rom is

Sahis udidebulesobas Tavisi RirsebiT emsaxuros, iseve

rogorc misi sxva ymebi morCilad emsaxurebian da mxolod

amis Semdeg swrafad aRsruldeba misi survili...~1

yuradRebas iqcevs Mmohamed yuli begis naTqvami ros-

tom xanis moskovis xelmwifis mimarT karg ganwyobilebaze.

Sahis elCis mier rostom mefis qeba SemTxveviTi ar unda

iyos. vfiqrob, mzaddeboda qarTlis mefis elCis moskovSi

Casvlisa da or saxelmwifos Soris diplomatiuri urTier-

Tobis dasamyareblad pirobebi, razec qvemoT vrclad iT-

qmeva.

1650 wlis maisSi aleqsi mixeilis Zem Tavisi Sikrikis

matvei spiridonovis xeliT werili gaugzavna Sah abas II-s da

sTxova aRar Seeviwroebina mefe Teimurazi da warTmeuli

samflobeloebi daebrunebina, isini ki, vinc misi samflobe-

loebi Sahis nebarTvis gareSe gaanadgures, daesaja2.

1 Там же, с. 177-179, №40. 2 Там же, с. 182, #41.

417

ruseTis mTavrobam damakmayofileblad CaTvala Sahis

elCis mier micemuli ganmarteba, Tu ratom iyo moskovis

mfarvelobis qveS myofi xeldebuli Tavisi samefodan dev-

nili da misi miwa-wyali ki ganadgurebuli. amis Semdeg

rusma diplomatebma da iranis elCma TavianTi qveynebs So-

ris savaWro sakiTxebis ganxilva daiwyes da warmatebiTac

daasrules. rusebma iranis elCs sTxoves, rom mis qveyanas

ruseTisaTvis yovel weliwads 20 aTasi baTmani gvarjila

miewodebina1. magram swored am warmatebuli molaparakebis

dasrulebis Semdeg, sul male, daiZaba ruseT-iranis urTi-

erToba TiTqmis mTeli aTi wliT. daZabulobis mizezi, ra

Tqma unda, saqarTvelos mimarT Sahis politikiT ruseTis

ukmayofileba ar iyo. am ori didi saxelmwifos erTmaneTis

mimarT pretenziebi vaWrebisadmi cudad mopyrobaSi, kazake-

bis mier kaspiispireTSi iranis qveSevrdomi saxanoebis da-

saxlebuli punqtebis aklebasa da vaWrebis ZarcvaSi mdgo-

mareobda. or qveyanas Soris sadao iyo, agreTve, is Tu vis

morCilebaSi unda yofiliyo daRestani.

ruseT-irans Soris daZabulobas garkveuli muxti Se-

mata qarTveli ufliswulis, erekle_nikoloz daviTis Zis

moskovSi gamgzavrebam.

1 Соловьев С. М., История России с древнейших времен, с. 261-262.

418

IX. mZevlis sakiTxi Teimuraz I-isa da moskovis karis diplomatiur urTierTobaSi (XVI s. 80-iani wlebi _ XVII s. pirveli naxevari)

Teimuraz mefisdroindel saqarTvelo-ruseTis diplo-

matiur urTierTobaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mos-

kovSi ufliswulis gagzavnis sakiTxma SeiZina. imasTan da-

kavSirebiT, moskovSi gagzavnili ufliswuli rogori sta-

tusiT sargeblobda, iyo Tu ara igi mZevali, gamoTqmulia

mosazrebebi, romlebic, vfiqrob, ZiriTadad, ar asaxavs is-

toriul sinamdviles.

qarTul saxelmwifos, mravalsaukunovani arsebobis man-

Zilze, dampyroblisa Tu `megobrisaTvis~ mZevlis micemis di-

di gamocdileba hqonda. qarTvel xelisufalT TviTonac

xSirad hyolebiaT mezobeli samefo-samTavroebis mbrZanebel-

Ta da didebulTagan nebiT Tu ZaliT wamoyvanili mZevlebi.

Zvel samyaroSi da, gansakuTrebiT ki, feodaluri sazo-

gadoebisaTvis mZevlis micema-ayvana Cveulebrivi movlena iyo.

mZevali, garkveuli gagebiT, mZevlis mimcemis mier daTqmuli

pirobis Sesrulebis garantia iyo. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac

gamarjvebuli, Zlieri mxarec aZlevda mZevals SedarebiT

sust an damarcxebul yofil mowinaaRmdeges, raTa mas dam-

SvidebiT egrZno Tavi Zlieris winaSe, rom isic erTguli da

damcveli iqneboda sustisaTvis micemuli pirobisa.

qarTvelebs gvian Sua saukuneebSi cxovreba uxdebo-

daT muslimanuri saxelmwifoebis garemocvaSi da mZevalsac

maT aZlevdnen. ase, rom igi, mZevali, diplomatiuri saqmia-

nobis garkveuli instruments warmoadgenda.

bizantiis saxelmwifos mospobis Semdeg, qristianuli

saxelmwifo, romelic saqarTvelosTan mWidro urTierTobis

damyarebis da iranis agresiisagan misi dacvis survils sit-

yvierad gamoxatavda, iyo moskovis saxelmwifo.

saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobaSi mZevlis sakiTxi

pirvelad XVI s. 90-ian wlebSi dadga, rodesac moskovma Sah

Tamaz I-is mier 1575/1576 wels iranSi mZevlad wayvanili

aleqsandre II kaxTa mefis vaJis konstantines moskovSi way-

vana moindoma.

419

1588 wels Sah abas I-is elCis winaSe saqarTvelosa da

qarTvel ufliswulze saubris dawyebiT, moskovSi saqar-

Tvelos mimarT iranis poziciis garkveva surdaT. magram Sa-

his elCisgan bevri veraferi Seityves. igi moxerxebulad

aridebda Tavs am arasasiamovno saubars da gadakvriT ag-

rZnobinebda rus diplomatebs, rom konstantines sakiTxSi

araferi iyo iseTi, romelic ruseTisa da iranis urTierTo-

bas Seaferxebda.

`cnobilia, rom imxanad irani TurqeTiT Seviwroebu-

li, ruseTTan megobrobas eZebda da ruseTis diplomatiam,

albaT, maT xelT arsebuli informaciis safuZvelze, kaxe-

Tis samefos gasxvisebis sakiTxi ufro martivad warmoidgi-

na iranisaTvis, vidre igi sinamdvileSi iyo. moskovSi aseTi

Sexedulebis SemuSavebas TviT iranelma diplomatebma Seuw-

yves xeli~ _ aRniSnavda i. cincaZe1.

Sahis karze konstantine ufliswulis sakiTxi daayena

moskovis elCma zvenigorodskim. konstantines moskovSi way-

vaniT rusT xelmwife erTdroulad ramdenime miznis miRwe-

vas isaxavda. jer erTi, ufliswulis sakiTxi, faqtobrivad,

kaxeTis sakiTxi iyo. ruseTi konstantine ufliswuls irani-

dan Tu waiyvanda, es iranis mier kaxeTze ruseTis uflebis

aRiareba, xolo iranis kaxeTze siuzerenobis dakargvis ga-

moxatuleba iqneboda. moskovis moTxovna Sahma swored ase

Seafasa. Sahs SeeZlo gamahmadianebuli konstantine kaxeTis

taxtis pretendentad gadaeqcia, rac sabolood asec moxda.

kaxeTis taxtze mahmadiani mefe ruseTisaTvis miuRebeli

iyo. swored amiTi iyo gamowveuli Sahis karze moskovis el-

Cebis aqtiuroba konstantines xelSi Casagdebad. imave dros,

rogorc boris godunovis elCis, ivane vsevolodskis xeliT

saqarTveloSi gagzavnili sigelidan Cans, igi moiTxovda,

rom amis Semdeg moskovTan SeTanxmebis gareSe kaxeTis me-

1 cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan. iv. ja-

vaxisvilis saxelobis istoriis institutis Sromebi, I, Tb., 1955,

gv. 246.

420

fes mahmadiani mbrZaneblebisTvis mZevali aRar mieca2. qris-

tianuli saxelmwifo ki saqarTvelos uSualo mezoblobaSi,

garda moaxloebuli ruseTisa sxva aRar hyavda. maSasadame,

aleqsandre mefes mZevali mxolod mfarvelisaTvis unda mi-

eca. asec swerdnen aleqsandre mefes moskovidan1. 1593 wels boris godunovma Sah abass erTxel kidev

sTxova, yazvinSi mZevlad myofi kaxeTis ufliswuli kon-

stantines ganTavisufleba. boris godunovi Sahs hpirdebo-

da, rom aleqsandre mefe mZevlis gareSec iranis erTguli

iqneboda.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresod meCveneba, imave wels, boris

godunovis mier, Tavisi weriliTa da elCis saSualebiT,

aleqsandre kaxTa mefisaTvis mis mier datyvevebuli Tavisi

urCi Zmiswulebis moskovSi gagzavnis Txovna. moskovis mefis

am Txovnas elCi imiT asabuTebda, rom vaiTu kaxeTis mefis

mowinaaRmdege Zmiswulebi misma mtrebma gamoiyenono2.

boris godunovis am `keTilSobilur~ winadadebas i.

cincaZem ori axsna mouZebna. erTi is, rom SeiZleba mosko-

vis xelisufleba marTlac SeSfoTebuli iyo aleqsandres

ZmisSvilebi misi mtris, am SemTxvevaSi osmaleTis an iranis

xelSi aRmoCeniliyvnen, amiT moskovis momxre aleqsandres

saqme waxdeboda, rac moskovisTvisac saziano iqneboda. meo-

rec, aleqsandres mtrebs SeiZleboda isini kaxeTis taxtis

pretendentebad gadaeqciaT3.

moskovs, ra Tqma unda, Tavisi angariSebi hqonda, ro-

melsac kaxeTis mfis interesebisaTvis zrunvis Sesaxeb ke-

TilSobiluri frazebiTa niRbavda.

bunebrivia kiTxva: risTvis undoda ruseTis xelisuf-

1 Веселовский Н. Памятники дипломатических и торговых сношений Московской Руси с Персией, I, СПб., 1890, с. 275. 2 Сношения России с Кавказом. Матерялы, извлеченные из Московского Главного Архива Министерства иностранных дел Сергеем Белокуровым, вып. I, М., 1889, с. 263. 3 cincaZe i., dasax. naSr., gv. 249.

421

lebas aleqsandres mier qristianobisa da Tavisi taxtis

mtrebad gamocxadebuli qarTveli batoniSvilebis moskovSi

yola? vfiqrob, sworad gansajes gremSi, rom maTi moskovSi

yofna arafer sasikeTos ar moutanda kaxeTis samefos.

kaxeTSi boris godunovis Txovna ise gaiges, TiTqos is

Serisxul batoniSvilebs mfarvelobas upirebda da SeiZle-

boda moskovis mTavrobas isini aleqsandre mefeze zewoli-

saTvis gamoeyenebina. ar gamovricxav, rom qarTveli batoniS-

vilebis gamo ruseTis aqtiurobam ganapiroba an daaCqara

aleqsandres mier maTi dasja. alqsandre mefem moskovSi gag-

zavnil Tavis sigelSi moskovis karis iniciativis gamo gak-

virveba gamoxata da isic acnoba, rom damnaSaveebi ukve das-

jilni ariano. i. cincaZe aRniSnavda: `magram Cven ar gvgonia,

rom ruseTis diplomatias am batoniSvilebis ruseTSi gada-

saxlebiT mZevlis xelSi Cagdeba surda~1. ra Tqma unda, Se-

risxuli batoniSvilebi mZevali ver iqnebodnen da maT Tu

ram cudi SeemTxveodaT amis gamo kaxeTis mefe didad Tavs

ar gamoidebda, magram garkveul viTarebaSi isini kaxTa mefe-

ze zewolisa da SantaJisaTvis ki gamodgebodnen.

rodesac saqarTvelodan mZevlis wayvanis da samefo

karze zemoqmedebis amgvari saSualebis mopovebis mcdelo-

bam ar gaamarTla, moskovma taqtika Secvala.

Teimurazis karze isic cnobili iyo, rom moskovis sa-

mefo ojaxma ramdenjerme scada naTesauri kavSiri daemya-

rebina bagrationTa, qristianul samyaros erT-erT uZveles

da saxelganTqmul samefo gvarTan, rac, ra Tqma unda, po-

litikuri iteresiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

1604-1605 wlebSi ruseTis elC tatiSCevs daevala boris

godunovis qal-vaJisaTvis saqarTveloSi saqmro da sacole

SeerCia. elCma sarZlod qarTlis samefoSi giorgi mefis asu-

li (TinaTini, igive lela-elene) SearCia, magram qarTlis sa-

mefo darbazma, aseve politikuri mosazrebiT, uaryo mosko-

vis winadadeba: qorwineba, romelic qarTlis samefos ruse-

1 iqve, gv. 250.

422

Tis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlasac gulisxmobda, iranisa da osma-

leTis ukmayofilebas gamoiwvevda1.

sasiZoc qarTlSi SeirCa _ muxranis bagrationTa Stos

warmomadgeneli xosro batoniSvili. ruseTis xelmwifis kars

ganzraxuli hqonda igi moskovSi zedsiZed waeyvana. magram

qarTlis samefo sabWom mxari ar dauWira amgvar qorwinebas

im motiviT, rom SeiZleboda SemdgomSi rusT xelmwifes Tavi-

si siZis qarTlSi gamefeba moewadinebina2. marTalia, rusi el-

Ci bevrs ecada amgvari azris mcdarobaSi daerwmunebina qar-

Tlis politikosebi, magram amaod. isini mtkiced dadgnen Ta-

vianT poziciaze. masalebis arqona ar iZleva garkvevis saSua-

lebas, amgvari naTesaobis damyarebis Semdeg, ras moimoqmedeb-

da moskovis mTavroba qarTlis samefoSi, magram cxadia, qar-

Tlis samefo kars riskze wasvla ar undoda. imis Tqma, rom

àrc xosro batoniSvili iyo mZevlad gamiznuli ruseTis

diplomatiis mier~3, gulubryvilobad meCveneba. aravis SeeZlo maSin winaswar ganeWvrita rogor ganviTardeboda movlenebi, rogori SesaZleblobebi gauCndeboda moskovs samxreT kavka-siaSi da godunovis siZe rogor mniSvnelobas SeiZenda Sec-vlil viTarebaSi. istoriuli gamocdileba qarTlisa da kaxe-Tis politikosebs sifrTxilisaken mouwodebda.

rad Rirda Tundac Teimuraz I-is ufliswulebis sxva

1 Сношения России с Кавказом, c. 498-499. lela-elene, igive TinaTini,

jer Sah abas I-is coli iyo, SemdegSi (1622 w.) igi Sahma feiqar-xans

aCuqa. giorgi sakaZem scada igi feiqar-xanisTvis waerTmia da zu-

rab erisTavisTvis SeerTo (qarTlis cxovreba II, gv. 407). es is

elene unda iyos, romelic samijnuro werilebs swerda zurab

erisTavs. elenesa da zurabs Soris samijnuro urTierToba unda

damyarebuliyo zurabis iranSi yofnis dros (1618-1620 ww.). amitom

iyo, rom qarTvelebi cdilobdnen lela-elene feiqar-xanisaTvis

warTmiaT da zurab erisTavisaTvis SeerToT (ZoweniZe l., elene

xanumis vinaobisaTvis. kr. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobisa da rusTve-

lologiis sakiTxebi, VII-VIII, Tb., 1976, gv. 234-246). 2 Там же, c. 504. 3 cincaZe i., dasax. naSromi, gv. 253.

423

qveynis karze gaSvebis umwaresi gamocdileba. gasaxsenebladac

ki SemaZrwunebelia misi ori vaJis mimarT Sah abas I-is barbaro-

suli mopyroba da misi dedis, dedofal qeTevanis mokvdineba.

am trgikuli ambebidan gavida TiTqmis 40 weli da Tei-

muraz I-is winaSe kvlav dadga mZevlis gacemis problema.

Teimuraz mefe im kulturul-politikuri garemos Svilia,

romlisTvisac mZevali garkveuli gegmis ganxorcielebis da

politikuri oponentis ndobis mopovebis ukanaskneli saSua-

lebaa. ganvlilma urTierTobam kaxeTis mefe daarwmuna, rom

ruseTis xelmwife da misi diplomatebi mas bolomde ar en-

dobodnen da, rogorc zemoT ganxiluli masalebidan gamom-

dinare araerTxel aRiniSna, arc Teimuraz mefe endoboda

ruseTis xelmwifesa da mis moxeleebs da amis Sesaxeb pir-

dapirac ganucxadebia.

varaudoben, rom Teimuraz mefem, imisaTvis raTa ru-

seTis xelisufleba meti mondomebiTa da ndobiT mohkidebo-

da misi saTxovaris asrulebas, man 1646 wels sagangebo el-

Ci giorgi ColoyaSvili moskovSi gagzavna da daavala ru-

seTis xelmwifisaTvis SeeTavazebina is, ris gakeTebasac ru-

seTis xelisufleba saqarTveloSi XVI-XVII saukuneTa mij-

naze cdilobda. Teimurazi xelmwifes sTavazobda Tavis or

SviliSvils, daviTis vaJebs _ giorgis `saymod~ (в холопи) da luarsabs sasiZod, im pirobiT, rom mefe aleqsi mixei-

lisZes Tavisi da saqarTveloSi unda gamoeSva, samagierod

giorgi moskovSi darCeboda1. A

rogorc iTqva, Teimuraz mefem luarsabisaTvis xel-

mwifis dis, tatianas, dasawindad samkaulebic ki gagzavna

moskovSi, magram garkveuli drois Semdeg qarTvel elCs

isini ukan daubrunes, im pirobiT, rom ufliswuli giorgis

moskovSi Casvlis Semdeg luarsabis sacoles saqarTveloSi

gamoagzavnidnen2.

1 Переписка, с. 64. 2 cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis arqividan (XVII s.).

Jurn. `mimomxilveli~, II, 1951, gv. 128.

424

iseve, rogorc Teimuraz mefis mravali sxva gegma,

esec ganuxorcielebeli darCa. giorgi batoniSvili male

gardaicvala. darCa ori ufliswuli _ luarsabi, romelsac

Teimurazi Tavis memkvidred amzadebda da mcirewlovani

erekle, romelic moskovSi gasagzavnad mefes jer ar emete-

boda. igi ufliswulis gaugzavnelobis mizezad usaxsroba-

sac asaxelebda.

Teimuraz mefe Zlier dainteresebuli iyo ruseTis

samefo ojaxis asulis kaxeTSi gadedoflebiT, rac, albaT,

misi varaudiT, ruseTs saqarTveloSi iranis agresiis Sema-

ferxebel Zalad gadaaqcevda. rogorc Teimuraz mefe aleq-

si mixeilis Zes swerda, tatiana, luarsabis garda, sxvaze

mainc ver gaTxovdeboda, radgan luarsabi iyo erTaderTi

marTlmadidebeli ufliswuli da kaxeTis taxtis mem-

kvidre1. magram ruseTis samefo karma amgvar SeTavazebaze

Tavi Seikava. TavSekavebis ori mizezi unda yofiliyo: Tei-

muraz mefisa da ufliswulis aramyari mdgomareoba da

isic, rom mefis asulis saqarTveloSi damkvidreba ruseTis

samefo kars am qveynis problemebTan daaaxloebda da aqtiu-

ri moqmedebisaken ubiZgebda.

rusuli wyaroebis mixedviT, ufliswulis moskovSi

gagzavnis iniciatori Teimuraz mefe iyo. magram mefisa da

ruseTis elCebis molaparakebis msvleloba da ufliswulis

moskovSi gagzavnis sakiTxis seriozuli gamwvaveba, sxvagvar

varauds warmoSobs. xom ar iyo Teimuraz mefis ìniciativa~

moskovis mier provocirebuli? kidev erTxel aucileblad

unda aRiniSnos rusuli diplomatiis erTi Tavisebureba.

xelmwifis elCebi, xSirad, moskovSi miRebuli davalebis Se-

sabamisad, TavianTTvis saintereso sakiTxze werilobiTi

Txovna ki ar mohqondaT qarTvel mefesTan, aramed zepiri.

qarTveli mefis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, SeTanxmebis teqsti

ise iwereboda, TiTqos qarTvelebis Txovnis dakmayofileba

xdeboda. ar gamovricxav, rom qarTveli ufliswulis mos-

1 iqve.

425

kovSi gagzavnis iniciativac moskovidan wamovida. sxvagvarad

rogor unda gavigoT Teimurazis mier 1658 wlis 31 agvistos

ruseTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlebTan, boiar Tavad ivane an-

drias Ze xilkovisa da saTaTbiros diakis larion lopuxi-

nisaTvis, Teimuraz mefis naTqvami: rodesac man aleqsi mixei-

lis Zis, xelmwifis mamis, mixeil TedoresZis qveSevrdomoba

miiRo, man Teimurazs oqros beWdiT damowmebuli wyalobis

sigeli gaugzavna, romelSic ewera: `did xelmwifes igi, mefe (Teimurazi _e.m.) Tavis saxelmwifo wyalobaSi eyoleboda da

mtrebisagan daicavda. amis Semdegac mefes moskovidan mrava-li saxelmwifo sigeli misweres, raTa mas didi xelmwifi-saTvis Tavisi SviliSvili gamoegzavna. man SviliSvili ga-mogzavna da exla TviTonac Camovida da iTxovs, rom didma xelmwifem saxelmwifo jari momceso~1.

imisaTvis raTa gamoTqmuli varaudis sisworeSi dav-

rwmundeT, CavukvirdeT Teimuraz mefis mier 1646 wels mos-

kovSi gagzavnil werils: `ColoyaSvilis batonis giorgi-

saTvis Cveni pasuxi didisa yovlis pyrobelis ÃelmwifesTan es dagvibarebia. Tu amas gvizams, rom qarTli dagvaWerinos da imazed mogvexmaros, patriarqad imaTi beri dasvan: mac-xovris kvarTia iqa, advilis saqmiT daviWerT da Cems

Svils2 giorgis Ãelmwifes mivscem: Tu amas ar gvizmen, am-

deni qristiani tyve TaTrdeba, lekni Camoguxsnan, cixe au-

gon, rogorc kvlav yofila da imisTvisTca mivscem Svilsa: Tu arc es qnan, Cems uxuces Svils luarsabs qali mosces, saqarTvelo sabolooT Ãelmwifisa iqneba...~3.

werilis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, ise gamodis, rom Te-

1 maWaraZe v., Canawerebi Teimuraz pirvelis molaparakebisa moskov-

Si 1658 wels, gv. 450; paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTi-

erTobis istoriisaTvis (1652-1658). `saistorio moambe~, 19-20, Tb.,

1965, gv. 465. 2 Teimuraz mefes am dros sakuTari vaJi aRar hyavs. igi daRupuli

ufliswuli daviTis vaJebs Tavis Svilebad moixseniebs. 3 Переписка, с. 64.

426

imuraz mefes xelmwifisTvis qarTlis taxtis dapyrobaSi

daxmareba uTxovia (`qarTli dagvaWerinos da imazed mog-

vexmaros~). sanacvlod xelmwifes Tavisi moTxovnebi wamouye-

nebia, romlebSic rusi patriarqis mcxeTaSi dasma, qristes

kvarTisa da ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavna igulisxmeboda.

axla Teimurazi Tavis elCs avalebs: (`Cveni pasuxi didisa

yovlis pyrobelis ÃelmwifesTan es dagvibarebia~) igi Tanax-

maa daakmayofilos aRniSnuli moTxovnebi, magram eWvobs,

rom moskovis xelisufleba amgvar daxmarebas SeZlebs. ami-

tom igi ufliswulis micemaze im SemTxvevaSi daTanxmdeba

Tu lekebis Tavdasxmis asakveTad xelmwife cixes Cadgams.

Tu verc amis gakeTeba moxerxdeba, maSin ufliswulis sanac-

vlod (man patriarqisa da kvarTis sakiTxi dRiswerigidan

amoiRo) `Cems uxuces Svils luarsabs qali mosces~.

amgvarad, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, Teimurazs undoda

Tavis axlos hyoloda xelmwifis uaxloesi naTesavi. igi, Se-

farviT, aleqsi mixeilis Zes mZevlis gacvlas sTavazobda.

aseTi formiTa da mizniT moskovSi gagzavnil uf-

luswuls (ukve iTqva, rom giorgi ufliswulis moskovSi

gagzavna aRar Sesdga misi udrood gardacvalebis gamo da

axal kandidatad SeirCa ufliswuli erekle_nikolozi), ra

SeiZleba ewodos Tu ara `mZevali~, ris uaryofasac cdi-

lobda Cveni zogierTi istorikosi. viTomdac, ruseTis mar-

Tlmadidebeli qristiani xelmwife ar ikadrebda marTlma-

didebeli qveynidan mZevlis wayvanas. ruseTis xelisufleba

saqarTvelodan mZevlis wayvanas rom ar uxerxulobda, naT-

lad gamoCda misi TuSebTan, fSavebTan da xevsurebTan dip-

lomatiuri urTierTobis dros. miuxedavad imisa, rom dasa-

xelebuli mTielebi TavianTi nebiT da surviliT Sediodnen

rusT xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi, mainc moskovma, maT erTgu-

lebis dasamtkiceblad, mZevlebi moiTxova.

S. mesxia da i. cincaZe, radgan darwmunebuli ar iyvnen

Sesrulda Tu ara xelmwifis es moTxovna, ivaraudes, rom,

427

`ramdenadac TuSebis, fSavebisa da xevsurebis erTguleba,

Teimurazisa da ufliswuli erekles Suamdgomlobis wya-

lobiT eWvs ar iwvevda, mZevlebi aRar aiyvanes~1. magram ro-gorc davinaxavT, sinamdvileSi qarTveli mTielebis mZevle-bi moskovSi Caiyvanes.

Teimurazma ukve icoda, rom mZevlis gareSe moskovi

qarTvel mTielebs ndobas ar gamoucxadebda, ìvanes (ivane

`mamukini~ is ìvane maqsimes Svili~ unda iyos, romelic 1658

wlis werilSi moxseniebulia, rogorc elene dedoflis ka-

ci, romelic moskovidan mZevlebis wasayvanadD Camovida) ub-rZana im sami samflobelodan (TuSeTi, fSavi, xevsureTi _ e.m.) or-ori kaci aeyvanaT im meTauri mflobelebisagan, vinc im miwebs flobdnen. roca is xalxi aiyvanes, TeimurazTan

erTad wavidnen moskovSi~2. davubrundeT Teimurazis mier 1646 wels moskovSi

gagzavnil werils. werilis ganxilvis Semdeg, vfiqrob, ve-

Rarc imas vityviT, rom `TviT Teimurazis iniciativa aris

qarTveli batoniSvilis ruseTis samefo karze gagzavna~3. n.

nakaSiZem i. cincaZis es mosazreba srulad gaiziara da Ta-

vis mxriv kidev ufro gaaRrmava: `saqarTvelo-ruseTis ur-

TierTobis cnobili mkvlevris i. cincaZis samarTliani Se-

niSvniT, qarTveli ufliswulis moskovis karze aRsazrde-lad gagzavnas... araviTari saerTo ar hqonda `mZevalTan~, romelic arsebobda moskovis saxelmwifoSi mcire xal-

xebTan urTierTobaSi. qarTveli saxelmwifo moRvaweebisaT-

1 Месхия Ш. А., Цинцадзе Я. З., Из истории русско-грузинских отношении X-XVIII вв., Тб., 1958, с. 79. 2 Накашидзе Н., Грузино-русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, Тб., 1968, с. 192. 3 cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan, gv. 255;

missive, nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi aRwe-

riloba, gv. 25. moniSvna Cemia _ e. m. igive moszrebaa gadmocemuli i.

cincaZis TanaavtorobiT gamocemul wignSi: Месхия Ш. А., Цинцадзе Я. З., Из истории русско-грузинских отношении X-XVIII вв., Тб., 1958, с. 75.

428

vis es nabiji maTi rusuli orientaciis bunebrivi gagrZe-

leba iyo, romlis mizansac Seadgenda meti realuri da ar-

sebiTi daxmarebis miReba mfarvelis mxridan. moskovis mTav-

roba ki meti gavlenis mopovebas cdilobda saqarTveloSi.

meores mxriv, bagrationebis Zvel gvarTan kavSiri sruliad

pasuxobda moskovis saxelmwifos marTlmadidebeli mefeebi-

sa da eklesiis moTxovnebs. sruliad marTalia i. cincaZe

romelic gansakuTrebiT usvamda xazs qarTveli ufliswu-

lis erekle-nikolozis gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas mosko-vis karze, rac gamoricxavda `mZevlis~ yovelgvar gagebas. amas Tu davumatebT, rom ufliswulebis gagzavnis iniciati-

va yovelTvis modioda qarTveli mefeebisgan, romlebic di-

dad uxalisoT Tanxmdebodnen _ ufro sworad iZulebulni

iyvnen daTanxmebodnen _ amgvar nabijze TurqeTTan da iran-

Tan mimarTebaSi, naTeli gaxdeba am momentis WeSmariti arsi

saqarTvelos ruseTTan urTierTobaSi~1.

daviwyoT amonaridis bolos naTqvamiT, radgan igi

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia. simarTles ar Seefe-

reba, TiTqos ùfliswulebis gagzavnis iniciativa yovel-

Tvis modioda qarTveli mefeebisgan~. amgvar mosazrebas

uaryofs XVI s. dasasrulisa da XVII s. pirveli naxevris

masalebi, romlebsac zemoT gavecaniT.

`qarTveli ufliswuli moskovis karze aRsazrdelad

gagzavnas... araviTari saerTo ar hqonda `mZevalTan~- aR-

niSnavda n. nakaSiZe. saqarTvelos mTeli warsuli ki imas

gviCvenebs, rom mZevali, wamyvans yovelTvis àRsazrdelad~

mihyavda. Sahi da sulTani mZevlebs zrdidnen TavianTi qvey-

nebis interesebisaTvis. maT mier mZevlis waqyvana xan iara-

Ris muqariT, xan moferebiT xdeboda. radgan moskovis sa-

xelmwifos Zalismieri meTodis gamoyeneba ar SeeZlo, vime-

oreb àr SeeZlo~, amitom igi zemoqmedebis sxva meTods _

diplomatiur saSualebas mimarTavda: qarTvelebs dam-

pyroblebisagan dacvas, zogjer ki samxedro daxmarebasac

1 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 162.

429

hpirdeboda. moskovi moxerxebulad iyenebda rusebisa da

qarTvelebis eklesiur erTobasac _ marTlmadideblobas.

verc imas gaviziareb, rom radgan i. cincaZe xazs us-

vamda èrekle-nikolozis gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas mos-

kovis karze~, TiTqos es gamoricxavda `mZevlis~ yovelgvar

gagebas1. mZevali, Tu davujerebT iranisa da osmaleTis ka-

ris istorikosebs, ucxoel mogzaurebs, yovelTvis gamorCe-

ulad karg pirobebSi hyavdaT. mZevals komfortulad unda

egrZno Tavi `mamobili~ Sahisa Tu sulTnis karze, Seesis-

xlxorcebina iq arsebuli atmosfero, gaeziarebina karis

politikuri kursi da ideoliogia, erTi sityviT, misgan Ca-

moyalibebuliyo `mamobilis~ neba-survilis usityvod aR-

msrulebeli, maSinac ki, rodesac namZevlari samSobloSi

dabrundeboda (Tu dabrundeboda) da qveynis marTvas Seud-

geboda. es yvelaferi Teimuraz mefes sakuTar Tavze gan-

cdili hqonda da Sah abas I-sagan sastikad imitom daisaja,

rom mis gamgon `Svilad~ ar gaizarda.

sainteresoa, romel warmatebas gulisxmobdnen S. mes-

xia da i. cincaZe, rodesac werdnen: `Teimurazis gaTvla aR-

moCnda swori: qarTveli ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavnis

SeTavazebam ruseTSi sasurveli gamoxmaureba hpova. roca

Teimurazis winadadebas gaecnen, diplomatiuri wreebi kma-

yofilni darCnen da gadawyvites bolomde gamoeyenebinaT

igi TavianTi miznebisaTvis. rusi elCebi axla daJinebiT mo-

iTxovdnen qarTveli ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavnas. saqme

imaSia, rom Tumca qarTvel politikosebs Soris ruseTze

orientacia didad popularuli iyo, swored am wlebSi sa-

qarTveloSi garkveul wreebSi, droebiT aRmocenda iranze

orientaciis idea. amas xels uwyobda isic, rom dasavleTiT

garTulebis gamo ruseTi jerjerobiT ar Cqarobda amier-

1 sayuradReboa, rom n. berZeniSvilma Tavis erT-erT naSromSi

erekle ufliswuli moixsenia, rogorc `rusxelmwifis karze mZeva-

li~. berZeniSvili n., XVII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan. saqarTve-

los istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tb., 1965, gv. 151.

430

kavkasiaSi jaris Seyvanas. amgvar viTarebaSi ruseTSi aR-

zrdili qarTveli ufliswuli da misi amala rusul dip-

lomatias momavlisaTvis sWirdeboda da rusi elCebi Teimu-

razs aCqarebdnen Tavisi dapireba sisruleSi moeyvana. roca

Teimurazma dainaxa, rogori interesi gamoiwvia misma wina-

dadebam ruseTis mTavrobaSi, man molaparakebebis dros ka-

tegoriulad daayena elCebis winaSe sakiTxi...~1

cnobilia, rom yoveli adamianis, politikosis da, mi-

Tumetes, qveynis meTauris TiToeuli nabiji Sedegebis mi-

xedviT fasdeba. ra miaCndaT zemoT moyvanili citatis av-

torebs Teimurazis mier SviliSvilis moskovSi gagzavnis

dadebiTi mxared, ra warmatebas miaRwia Teimurazma piradad

an misma qveyanam, cnobili ar aris. Teimuraz mefe is gu-

lubryvili politikuri moRvawe ar iyo, rom raRac gaur-

kveveli dapirebebisaTvis wviTa da dagviT gadarCenili Svi-

liSvili moskovSi gaegzavna. isic gasaTvasliswinebelia,

rom Teimurazs moskovTan xangrZlivi urTierTobis sakmaod

mware gamocdileba hqonda.

n. nakaSiZes miaCnda, rom qarTveli ufliswulis mos-

kovSi gagzavnis sakiTxi pirveld daayena Teimuraz mefis el-

Cma mitropolitma nikiforem 1637 wels da TiTqos Teimuraz

mefe Tavis erTaderT vaJsa da memkvidre daviTs sTavazobda

moskovSi wasayvanad2. istorikoss ukvirda, rom moskovs ara-viTari reaqcia ar hqonda Teimurazis am Txovnaze3. moskovis

kari, bunebrivia, araviTar reaqcias ar gamoxatavda qarTveli

mefis am Txovnaze, imdenad, ramdenadac Teimurazi Svilis,

1 Месхия Ш. А., Цинцадзе Я. З., Из истории русско-грузинских отношении X-XVIII вв., c. 75-76. 2 «И имеет государь мой единого сына возлюбленного, а иного не имеет на всем свете и наследника над двемя государствы. И хочет предати его в руце великому и превысочайшему святому твоему царствию, да соблюдеши и сокрыеши якоже великий царь, потому что государь мой пребывает день и нощь на службе сам, в том ест живот и смерть». Полиевктов М,

Материалы, с. 130. 3 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 163.

431

Tavisi memkvidris moskovSi gagzavnas ki ar sTavazobda, ara-

med mis mfarvelobasa da dacvas saqarTveloSi, imgvarad,

rogorc xelmwife Teimurazs `mfarvelobda~.

axla ganvixiloT is rusuli wyaroebi, romlebic qar-

Tveli ufliswulis moskovSi àRsazrdelad~ gagzavnisaT-

vis rusi elCebis Zaladobaze gadmogvcems. mxedvelobaSi mi-

saRebia, rom am cnobebis avtorebi rusi elCebi arian.

rodesac ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobaSi mZevlis

mniSvnelobas ganvixilavT, amosavali unda iyos Teimuraz

mefis mier 1646 wels moskovSi gagzavnil werilSi mZevlis

gagzavnis sanacvlod dayenebuli moTxovnebi da Tavis Tav-

ze aRebuli valdebulebis pirobebi.

pirvelad, Teimuraz I-is ruseTTan diplomatiur ur-

TierTobaSi, qarTveli ufliswulis moskovSi ar gagzavnis

gamo pretezia rusebis mxridan gamoiTqva nikifore toloCa-

novisa da aleqsi ievlevis imereTSi yofnisas. maTi saqar-

TvelSi Camosvlisa da Teimuraz mefesTan molaparakebebis

mTavari sakiTxi qarTveli ufliswulis moskovSi wayvana

iyo. am sakiTxis TavianT sasargeblod gadasawyvetad maT

didi Seupovrobac gamoamJRavnes.

rusma elCebma sayvedurnarevi toniT Teimurazs Seax-

senes, rom rogorc 1649 wlis 13 agvistos xelmwifes swer-

di, `Sen gindoda alaverdel mitropolit arsenis Tanxle-

biT Seni SviliSvili nikolozi mis udidebulesobasTan

sruliad ruseTis xelmwife-mefe da did mTavar aleqsi mi-

xeilisZesTan gagegzavna~1. elCebs arc imis Tqma daviwyebiaT

ra mizezebs asaxelebda Teimuraz mefe Tavisi pirobis Seus-

ruleblobis gamo. Teimuraz mefes, Tavad ivanes da arqiman-

drit paxomis piriT, xelmwifisTvis SeuTvlia, rom radgan

SviliSvilis moskovSi gamogzavnas me ver vaxerxeb, Seni ka-

cebi gamogzavne da waiyvaneo. rusma elCebma amis Semdeg me-

fes ganucxades, rom isini swored amisaTvis iyvnen Camo-

sulni da miuTiTes Teimurazis mier 1646 wels moskovSi

1 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 71-72.

432

gagzavnil werilze. `Cven gamogzavnili varT misi udidebu-

lesobis mefe xelmwifisagan SenTan Teimuraz mefev imisaT-

vis, rom Seni SviliSvili nikolozi CavibaroT, gavuf-rTxildeT mas Tvalis CiniviT da pativiT vaaxloT igi did

xelmwifes. Sen ki, mefe Teimuraz, Seasrule is, rasac weril-

Si iwerebodi da rasac Seni elCebi umdablesad sTxovdnen

did xelmwifes; gamouSvi CvenTan Seni SviliSvili da amiT Seni simarTle da erTguleba daumtkice sruliad ruseTis

xelmwife mefes da did mTavars aleqsi mixeilis Zes~1.

Teimurazi Tu SviliSvils Tavisi nebiTa da surviliT

agzavnida moskovSi, maSin ras niSnavs ruseTis xelmwifis

is dapirebebi, romlebic misma elCebma xelmwifis saxeliT

Teimurazs moaxsenes: .`xolo rac Seexeba fuls, romelzec Sen, mefe Teimurazi laparakob, es saqme moxerxdeba. misi udidebulesoba xelmwife mefe imdens giboZebs, rom Sen imis warmodgenac ki ar SegiZlia. mxolod axla Seasrule Seni sityva, daumtkice Seni simarTle xelmwife mefes da Seni SviliSvili gagvatane, maSin naxav misi udidebuleso-bis udides wyalobas Sens mimarT. garda amisa didi xelmwi-fe Tavis ZmasTan Sah-abasis udidebulesobasTan despanebs gagzavnis da SeuTvlis, rom misi rCeviTa da Zmobis safuZ-velze Sen Seni samefo _ kaxeTi dagibrunos. xolo Tu man am rCevis Semdeg samefo ar dagibruna... maSin Cveni didi

xelmwife uTuod gagzavnis Tavis jars xvalisis (kaspiis) zRviT, mis ganapira qalaqebs Seeseva da aTjer met qalaqebs auoxrebs...~2

Teimurazis pasuxi naTlad da gasagebad iyo mocemuli

mis mier imave elCebisadmi dasmul kiTxavaSi, saidanac Cans,

rom igi SviliSvils moskovSi arc swavlisa da aRzrdisaT-

vis da arc karg pirobebSi cxovrebisaTvis gagzavnida: `me rom Cemi SviliSvili xelmwifes gavugzavno da iman ki (xelmwifem) Cemi samefos, kaxeTis gaTavisufleba ar inebos,

1 iqve, gv. 72. 2 iqve, gv. 72-73.

433

jari da xazina ar gamomigzavnos, maSin raRa azri eqneba mis gagzavnas?~1

kidev ufro pirdapir da naTlad Teimurazma uf-

liswulis moskovSi gagzavnis mizani Camoayaliba Tavis si-

gelSi: `gTxov dido xelmwife, rom Seni wyalobiT gamomig-zavno jari da fuli, raTa davibruno Cemi qveyana. ase rom, Tu ufliswuls ar mogcem, Senc ar damijero da nurc jars da nurc fuls momcem. radganac Sens mefur didebulebas [Cemi] mravali mteri eubneboda, rom me Sen gatyueb da uf-liswuls ar mogcem...~2

nikifore toloCanovis Canawerebidan Cans, rom Teimu-

raz mefe arc rusT xelmwifes da arc mis elCebs ar endo-

boda. 1651 w. 7 oqtombers mefis sulierma mamam da Tavadma

ivanem elCebs ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavnasTan dakavSi-

rebiT Semdegi acnobes: Teimurazs uTqvams, àxla rom Cemi SviliSvili elCebs gagatanoT xelmwife mas miiRebs, daito-vebs da me arc xazina da arc jari rom ar gamomigzavno-

so~3. moyvanili amonarididan kargad Cans, Teimurazi ratom

agzavnida erekle/nikolozs moskovSi, vin unda yofiliyo

igi moskovis karze? rodesac rusma elCebma xelmwifis kidev erTi survi-

li _ igi Tanaxmaa Teimurazis meore SviliSvili, luarsa-

bic `moskovis samefo karze ymad miiRos~ _ gaaJReres, aR-

SfoTebulma mefem SesZaxa: `luarsabs aravis mivcem, maSin me TviTon viRasTvis vicocxlo da vin iyos Cemi Wirisufa-

lio~4. amgvari emociis gamomxatveli mefe, moxucebulobaSi

SemorCenil or SviliSvils Tavisi nebiT vinmes gaatanda?

1 iqve.

2 Полиевктов М., К вопросу об авторстве статейного списка `С~, gv. 69. 3 iqve, gv. 73-74 4 iqve, gv. 73.

434

X. Teimuraz I-is dplomatiuri urTierToba levan II dadianTan

rusi elCebis pirdapiri da arapirdapiri cnobebi war-

modgenas gviqmnis Teimuraz mefis diplomatiis erT sainte-

reso mimarTulebazec, kerZod, mis urTierTobaze odiSis

mTavar levan II dadianTan. rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT,

Teimuraz mefe, miuxedavad imisa, rom cdilobda odiSis

mTavrisaTvis saxeli gaetexa saerTaSoriso asparezze, ma-

inc realurad afasebda da did mniSvnelobasac aniWebda

dadinis samxedro Zalasa da politikur SesaZleblobebs.

Cans, Teimuraz mefe seriozulad fiqrobda dadianis avto-

ritetis gamoyenebas iranis SahTan Tavisi urTierTobis da-

regulirebisaTvis. am miznis misaRwevad saWiro iyo erTma-

neTTan Seerigebina imereTis mefe da odiSis mTavari. Ees

gamoiwvevda levan dadianis Sahisa da rostom mefisagan Ca-

moSorebas, rac mniSvnelovani wingadadgmuli nabiji iqnebo-

da Teimurazis samefo taxtze aRdgenis gzaze.

qvemoT moxmobili masalebi sruliad naTels xdis,

agreTve, rogor mimdinareobda xan dafaruli da xan dau-

faravi, diplomatiuri brZola, Teimurazis SviliSvilis

erekles mZevlad wayvanisaTvis, erTi mxriv, ruseTsa da, me-

ore mxriv, Sah sefi_rostom mefe_levan dadians Soris.

isic gamokveTilad Cans, rogor cdilobda Teimuraz mefe,

mZevlis sakiTxi maqsimalurad gamoeyenebina politikuri

miznebisaTvis.

rogorc 1651 wlis 25 maiss balyareTSi Casulma imere-

Tis mefe aleqsandre III-is aznaurma `nikilim~ saqarTvelos-

ken momaval qarTvel da rus elCebs acnoba, `Teimuraz mefe

amJamad imereTSi ar aris, sadadianoSi wavida, mxolod ris-

Tvis wavida es man ar icoda~1.

Znelia imis Tqma, `nikili~, an SemdegSi Teimurazis me-

ore aznauri ramazani, romlis movaleobas rusi elCebis

1 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 68.

435

momsaxureba Seadgenda, ruseTis mTavrobaze zewolis miz-

niT elCebis dezinformacias axdenda Tu simarTles eubne-

boda (nikifore toloCanovis mixedviT, ramazans `wamos-

cda~), rom `mefe Teimurazi Tavis SviliSvils nikolozs did xelmwifes manam ar gaugzavnis, sanam sadadianos mTa-

vars ar Seurigdeba da kaxeTs ar daibrunebso~1. rus elCebs

ramazanis naTqvami, ise unda gaegoT, rom Tu xelmwifes Tei-

murazis SviliSvilis nikolozis male wayvana unda, maSin

taxtis dabrunebaSi daexmaroso.

1651 wlis 3 agvistos rusi elCebi levan dadianis mo-

ciqulis quTaisSi mosvlis mowmeni gaxdnen. Teimuraz mefis

yofili aznauri, sabaxtari, igive giorgi qarTveli, levan

dadianis samsxurSi Cadga da TbilisSi rostom mefesTan

mosalaparakeblad miemgzavreboda, `raTa rostom xanma Tei-

muraz mefes cixe-qalaqebi daubrunos da kaxeTic gaaTavi-

suflos. Tavisi mefis (levan dadianis) Sesaxeb Segvatyobi-

na, TiTqos igi male quTaisidan erTi dRis saval manZilze

mova, aleqsandre da Teimuraz mefeebTan urTierTSoris mo-

ilaparakeben, raTa Serigdnen da mahmadianebis winaaRmdeg

erTad gamovidnen~2. rusi elCis cnobebidan ar Cans dadia-

nis mociquli Teimurazs Sexvda Tu ara. 4 agvistos igi Tbi-

lisisken gaeSura.

moyvanili amonaridi savaraudos xdis, rom aznauri

giorgi qarTvelis (am SemTxvevaSi `qarTveli~ qarTlels

aRniSnavs) qarTlis samefoSi gamgzvrebas win uZRoda Tei-

murazis molaparakeba levan dadianTan. am molaparakebis

Sedegi unda yofiliyo levan dadianis samsaxurSi Camdgari

qarTleli giorgis rostom mefesTan gagzavna.

albaT, zustad verasodes gairkveva, levan dadiani

marTla sTxovda Tu ara Teimurazs mZevals imereTis mefes-

Tan mSvidobis damyarebis sanacvlod. amgvar cnobebs Teimu-

razi da aleqsandre da maTi kariskacebi rus elCebs aw-

1 iqve, gv. 75-76. 2 iqve, gv. 122.

436

vdidnen1 konkretuli mosazrebiT: SeemzadebinaT niadagi uf-

liswulis moskovSi gaSvebaze uaris saTqmelad, an im dros

gagzavnisaTvis, rodesac qarTveli mefeebi xelsayrelad mi-

iCnevdnen.

Cans, mimdinareobda uaRresad daZabuli diplomatiuri

TamaSi: Teimurazi cdilobda SviliSvilis moskovSi gag-

zavnis uprecendento SemTxvevidan, rac SeiZleboda meti po-

litikuri dividendebi mieRo. igi cdilobda zegavlena mo-

exdina moskovis mTavrobasa da odiSis mTavarze. am ukanas-

knelis ukan ki Sah abas II-isa da rostom mefis aCrdilebi

moCanda. Teimurazs undoda gaerkvia, zemoT dasaxelebule-

bidan vis risi daTmoba SeeZlo.

iolad warmosadgenia is gaoceba da interesi, rac gamo-

iwvia gavrcelebulma cnobam, rom àgvistos 21-s Teimuraz me-

fe Tavisi aznaurebiT Camovida (raWidan _e.m.) quTaisSi, sada-danoSi midis, raTa dadiani mefe aleqsandresTan Searigos da TviTonac Seurigdes mas, agreTve (varaudobs) dadianma iqneb kaxeTis gamosaxsnelad xalxi miaSvelos, da Tu is sadadia-

nos mTavars Seurigda, Cven (rusi elCebi _e.m.) vfiqrobT, rom

CvenTvis es keTils ar moaswavebs~2.

cnobil rusul wyaroebSi, pirvelad Sevxvdi rusi

diplomatis mier daufaravad gacxadebuls, rom ruseTis sa-

xelmwifosaTvis miuRebeli iyo damSvidebuli, dalagebuli

da damoukidebeli saqarTvelo. rogorc XVII-XVIII saukune-

ebSi rusuli diplomatiis mTeli saqmianobidan Cans, ruse-

Tis mier qarTl-kaxeTis aneqsiamde, samxreT kavkasiasa da

axlo aRmosavleTSi misi mTavari sazrunavi daSlili sa-

qarTvelos SenarCuneba iyo.

rusma elCebma verc cnobili diplomatis, 1649-1650

wlebSi moskovSi elCad namyofi arqimandriti paxomisagan

gaiges raime faseuli Teimurazis odiSis samTavroSi was-

vlis mizanze. paxomma mxolod daadastura, `rom mefe Tei-

1 iqve, gv. 79-81. 2 iqve, gv. 78.

437

murazi sadadinoSi miemgzavreba, mxolod ra saqmisaTvis es

paxom arqimandrits aRar uTqvams~1.

2 seqtembers mefe Teimurazi, misi Tanmxlebni odiSi-

dan quTaisSi dabrundnen da maSinve cnobili gaxda, rom

`Teimuraz mefem mefe aleqsandre, sadadianos mTavars ver

Seariga, vinaidan mTavars mefe Teimurazisagan misi SviliS-

vili mouTxovia (mZevlad), xolo mefe aleqsandres qveSev-

rdomTagan ocdaaTi rCeuli kacis maTis mamulebiT Tavis

samTavros sazRvrebSi qveSevrdomad gadacema mouTxovia~2.

nikifore toloCanovi Teimurazis odiSis mTavarTan

molaparakebis Sedegis oficialuri versiasTan erTad gvTa-

vazobs araoficialursac, romelic oficialurisagan di-

dad gansxvadeba. igi gavrcelebuli iyo ucxoelebs Soris,

romlebsac TavianTi informatorebi samefo karTan daaxlo-

ebul adamianebs Soris hyavdaT. Tu am bolo mosazrebas

vendobiT, maSin maT mier mopovebuli cnobebi angariSgasawe-

vi unda iyos.

nikifore toloCanovis TqmiT, ùcxoelebi ki lapara-

koben, TiTqos mefe Teimurazs mTavrisaTvis Tavisi SviliS-

vili kidevac SeuZlevia, magram mas ar auyvania, radganac

sadadianos mefes levans Seutyvia, rom mefe aleqsandres

didi xelmwifisaTvis (ruseTisaTvis) samudamo ymoba da er-

Tguleba Seuficavso~3.

imisaTvis, raTa odiSis samTavroSi dadianTan Tavisi

stumrobis sxvadasxvagvari axsnisa da miTqma-moTqmisaTvis

bolo moeRo, Teimurazma gadawyvita rusi elCebisaTvis pi-

radad moeTxro imis Sesaxeb, razec mimdinareobda dadian-

Tan molaparakeba da, saerTod ras fiqrobda Tavisi Svili-

vilis, ufliswuli erekles moskovSi gagzavnis Sesaxeb.

6 seqtembers Teimuraz mefe `Tavisi aznaurebiT~ rus

elCebs `qvemo quTaisSi~ ewvia da uTxra, rom dadiani didad

1 iqve. 2 iqve, gv. 78-79. 3 iqve, gv. 79.

438

nasiamovnebi darCa Cemi stumrobiT, magram Serigeba ver mo-

xerxdao. `Cemi SviliSvilis mZevlad datovebasa mTxovda,

amis sanacvlod ki kaxeTis gasaTavisufleblad Tavisi ja-

riT daxmarebas mpirdebodao~. Teimuraz mefes dadianisaT-

vis uari uTqvams im motiviT, rom SviliSvili ruseTis xel-

mwifisaTvis myavs micemuli da misi mZevlad datoveba ar

SeiZlebao. miuxedavad imisa, rom gadawyvetilia erekles

moskovSi gagzavna, amjerad amis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia Sem-

degi mizezebis gamo: jer erTi, ufliswuli Zalian axal-

gazrdaa da esec rom ar iyos ufliswulis gamgzavrebisaT-

vis mniSvnelovani Tanxebia saWiro, rac Tavisi samefodan

devnil mefes ar gaaCnia1.

ramdenad Seefereboda simarTles is rac Teimuraz me-

fem levan dadianTan molaparakebis Sesaxeb mouTxro rus

elCebs, amas ver davadgenT. magram misi, rogorc diplomatis

monaTxrobidan eWvs iwvevs is, TiTqos dadiani Teimuraz me-

fisaTvis kaxeTis gasanTavisufleblad jaris micemaze raRac

pirobiT Tanaxma iqneboda. savaraudoa, Teimurazs undoda

rusi elCebisaTvis Caegonebina, rom mis SviliSvils iseTi

did mniSvnelobas aniWebda levan dadiani da misi mokavSire-

ni _ rostomi da Sah abas II, rom isini Tanaxma iyvnen Teimu-

razisaTvis kaxeTi daebrunebinaT, oRond is ufliswuls mos-

kovSi nu gagzavnida. elCebi, Teimuraz mefis varaudiT, ima-

sac unda mimxvdariyvnen, rom miuxedavad aseTi umniSvnelova-

nesi SeTavazebisa igi, Teimurazi, did msxverplze midioda

da SviliSvils, Semdeg wels, xelmwifes ugzavnida. Teimu-

razma msmenelebs is ki namdvilad daumala, rom molaparake-

bis CaSlis namdvili mizezi aleqsandre mefis mier dadianis

moTxovnebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma iyo.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis sakmaod gansxvavebuli cnobebis

mixedviT, levan dadians imereTis samefosaTan mSvidobis dam-

yarebisaTvis, Tavdapirvelad, TavisTan miupatiJia aleqsandre

mefe `raTa zav-hyos maT Soris... da ganatevebinos mamuka~. mag-

1 iqve, gv. 80.

439

ram, rogorc Cans mefeebi levans ver endnen, radgan SeiZlebo-

da imereTis mefec dadianis tyveobaSi Cavardniliyo. Teimura-

zi aleqsandres magier odiSSi wavida.

vaxuSti batoniSvilic (Tumca igi Teimurazis levan

dadianTan wasvlas arasworad 1648 wliT aTariRebs) levan

dadianis mier Teimurazis kargad miRebas aRniSnavs (`man is-

tumra da pativ-sca didad~). Teimurazma dadians imereTis

mefesTan zavis dadeba da mamuka batoniSvilis ganTavisuf-

leba sTxova. dadiani Suamavals yvelaferze daeTanxma, mag-

ram imereTis mefisadmi mtrulad ganwyobilma kariskacma,

paata wulukiZem, mTavars micemuli pirobis Sesruleba ga-

daaTqmevina da Teimuraz mefe xelcarieli gauSva1.

rusebis elCobis `muxlobriv aRwerilobaSi~ Teimuraz

mefesTan Sexvedras nikifore toloCanovi ise gadmogvcems,

TiTqos mefe Tavs imarTlebda dadianTan molaparakebisa da

ufliswulis moskovSi gaugzavnelobis gamo. igi kvlav am-

JRavnebs Teimurazis mimarT uaryofiT damokidebulebas da

imiTac ikvexnis, rom man pirSi miaxala mefes, rom igi xel-

mwifisaTvis micemuli ficis gamtexi da moRalate iyo, rom

mefes gadawyvetili hqonda Tavisi SviliSvili mZevlad mie-

ca dadianisaTvis, romlisganac sanacvlod samxedro daxma-

rebas Txoulobda kaxeTis gasaTavisufleblad.

nikifore toloCanovs ise gamohyavs, rom igi Teimurazs

Tavisi xelmwifis saxeliT Sepirda: `Tu did xelmwifes er-

Tgulebas daumtkiceb, misi udidebulesoba Senze mowyalebas

moiRebs, xazinas giboZebs, im fuliT meomrebs daiqiraveb da

Sens qveyanas mtrisagan gaswmend; an (xelmwife_e.m.) Tavis Zma

Sah-abasTan sagangebo elCebs an Sikrikebs gagzavnis~. Teimu-

razma elCs mxolod is upasuxa, rom xelmwifisaTvis micemu-

li sityvis erTguli darCeboda da saboloo pasuxs aleq-

samdre mefesTan molaparakebis Semdeg miscemda2.

rus elCebTan Sexvedridan ramdenime dRis Semdeg, Tei-

1 qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 831. 2 iqve, gv., 79-81.

440

muraz mefem odiSis samTavroSi mosalaparakeblad, Tavisi

kacebi kvlav gagzavna. maT daevalaT levan dadianisaTvis

daxmarebis Txovna kaxeTis samefos yizilbaSTagan gasaw-

mendad. im SemTxvevaSi Tu Teimurazi levan dadianisagan da-

debiT pasuxs miiRebda, Tavis SviliSvils miscemda. uaryofi-

Ti pasuxis SemTxvevaSi ki, `Teimuraz mefes gadawyvetili

hqonia piradad TviTon, dedofliTa da ufliswulebiT did

xelmwifes eaxlos~ _ yovelive es nikifore toloCanovs `Ta-

vad ivanes kacma biZinam Seatyobina~1.

Teimurazis mier levan dadianTan Tavisi kacebis gag-

zavnis Sesaxeb, rus elCebs acnoba, maTma mosyidulma in-

formatorma feSangma, romelmac ar icoda Teimurazma Tavis

aznaurebs ra daavala, magram is ki dabejiTebiT uTxra,

rom `Tumca mefe Teimurazi Tqven gpirdebaT, rom Tavis Svi-

liSvils did xelmwifesTan gamouSvebs, magram igi Tavis

sityvas ar Seasrulebs da Tavis SviliSvils ar gagatanT~2.

21 dekembers TeimurazTan misi kacebi dabrundnen. maT-

Tan erTad movida dadianis elCi nikifore irbaxi, romel-

mac Teimurazs acnoba, rom levan dadiani yvelaferze

uars iyo3.

amgvarad, Teimuraz I-is diplomatiam levan dadianTan urTierTobis mSvidobianad mogvarebis Sesaxeb, rasac, SeiZ-leboda Seecvala politikuri situacia mTeli saqarTve-los masStabiT, marcxi ganicada. am diplomatiuri saqmiano-bis masazrdoebeli iyo Teimuraz mefis kidev erTi mizani _ ramenairad Tavidan aecilebina ufliswuli erekles mos-kovSi gagzavna, magram am marcxma ufliswulis gagzavnis aucilebloba ganapiroba.

1 iqve, gv. 82. 2 iqve, gv. 84-85. 3 iqve, gv. 85.

441

XI. erekle ufliswulis moskovSi gamgzavreba

1652 w. agvistos, Teimurazma erekle/nikolozi Tavis de-

da elene dedofalTan da askacian amalasTan erTad moskovs

gagzavna. mgzavrebs Tavs daatydaT didi ubedureba: _ Cerkassa

da Tergs Soris Tavs daesxnen yumuxebis razmebi, romlebmac

ufliswulis amalis wevrebis nawili amoxoces1, nawili daat-

yveves, xelT igdes mTeli maTi avladideba, maT Soris mosko-

vis mefisaTvis gankuTvnili saCuqrebis udidesi nawili. ro-

gorc ufliswulis Tergidan gagzavnilma Sikrikma moskovSi

ganacxada, ufliswuli erekle, misi deda elene da gadarCeni-

li Tanmxleblebi, darCnen `suliTa da sxeuliT SiSveli da

fexSiSveli~2. amalis wevrma qaixosro ColoyaSvilma, gadarCe-

nilebis Tergis cixeSi miyvana SesZlo. ufliswulma Tergidan

moskovSi gagzavna beri Teofane weriliT. ufliswuli, ro-

melsac Casacmelic ki aRar hqonda, daxmarebas iTxovda. xel-

mwifem, imave Teofanes xeliT, dazaralebulebs gaugzavna: uf-

liswulisaTvis sparsuli oqroqsovili qamxa, dedoflisaTvis

xuTi arSini Savi maudi da Teofanec iseTive qsoviliT daasa-

Cuqra, rogoriTac ufliswuli. xelmwifem erekles acnoba,

rom boiar i. p. pronskisa da astraxanis voevodebs daavala,

ufliswuli da dedofali astraxanSi mieRoT da gazafxulze

moskovSi gasamgzavreblad uzrunveleyoT saWiro gemebiTa da

gamcileblebiT3.

Tergidan Teimurazsac acnobes momxdaris Sesaxeb.

erekles moskovSi gamgzavrebis mizezebi da Tavgadasa-

vali beri egnataSvils gadmocemuli aqvs Semdegnairad: `ma-

1 Сношения России с Кавказом, c. 262. ufliswulsa da deofals cal-

calke amala hyavdaT. erekles 31 kaci moukles, elene dedofals _

12 (tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 163, Sen.

124). moklulTa Soris iyo Teimuraz mefis mier moskovSi elCad

gagzavnili ivane. 2 paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istorii-

saTvis (1652-1658). `saistorio moambe~, 19-20, Tb., 1965, gv. 445. 3 iqve, Переписка, с. LX-LXI.

442

Sin batoni Teimuraz iyo munve imereTs didad glaxakad,

uRonod saWurWliTa da sazrdeliTa, mouZlurebuli wlisa

samocdaaTisa da verRara Zaledva winaaRdgomad rostom me-

fisa friadisa uZlurebisagan. da didad moklebul iqna

sazrdelTa da saWiroTa saÃmarTagan.

maSin wargzavna SvilisSili TÂsi erekle ruseTis

ÃelmwifesTana da SeemTxvivnes wina avazakni da maT mos-

rnes piriTa maxvilisaTa ymani ereklesni da kninRa TÂT ga-

nera, rameTu erekle yrma iyo, maTgan mouwylulelad, da

dastaces mÃevalni da bargni. da wariyvanes TÂT ruseTsa

da mivida Ãelmwifes Tana~4.

rogorc XVII s. 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ganviTarebu-

li movlenebidan Cans, TergTan qarTvelebze Tavdamsxmele-

bis mizani erekle ufliswulis datyveveba da misi SahisaT-

vis gadacema iyo.

Sah abas II-is karis istorikosi mohamad Taheri gad-

mogvcems ra ruseT-saparseTis urTierTobaze, xazs usvams

im garemoebas, rom or saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis ga-

uareseba Teimuraz I-is brali iyo. rogorc Cans, Sahis kar-

ze kargad icodnen Teimuraz mefis mier 1639 w. 25 aprils

moskovSi gagzavnili da zemoT ganxiluli im vrceli weri-

lis Sinaarsi, romelSic kaxeTis mefe Tergis cixis aRdge-

nas iTxovda, rac kidec ganxorcielda.

Taheris mixedviT, abas II-is gamefebis Semdeg iranis xe-

lisufleba ruseTis mimarT tradiciulad daTmobebis poli-

tikas agrZelebda, arafrad Caagdo rusebis mier Tergis cixis

Cadgma, magram, Tavis samefodan gaZevebulma Teimurazma, kidev

meti moindoma, moskovSi SviliSvili gagzavna da rusT xel-

mwife ruseT-iranis sazRvarze sxva cixeebis Cadgmazec waaqe-

za. misi amgvari moqmedeba iyo mizezi, rom Sahi iZulebuli

gaxda iaraRiT daecva Tavisi interesebi. amgvarad, Taheris

TqmiT, Teimurazma `mimarTa rusis xelmwifes da Tavisi ufro-

si SviliSvili gagzavna masTan da daxmareba da Svela iTxova.

4 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 430-431.

443

man mzakvrulad urCia [rusT xelmwifes], rom mizanSewonili

iqneba, Tu yoi-sus cixis sanaxebSi ramdenime sxva cixec iqneba

aSenebuli, romlebiTac Caiketeba Cerqezidan [RvTis mier] da-

cul qveyanaSi (iranSi) mosasvleli gza da Tu rusebis [mxri-

dan] daxmareba wamova saqarTvelos olqSi, _ es (e. i. daxmare-

bis gamogzavna) advilad moxerxdebao. da rusTa qveynis valic

motyuvda misi veragobiT da ramdenime cixe xsenebul saxano-

ebSi aaSena da daniSna razmi maT mcvelad~1.

bunebrivia, Sahi Tvals adevnebda Teimurazis mos-

kovTan kontaqtebs da yovelmxriv cdilobda xelis SeeSa-

la. Tanac es ise unda gakeTebuliyo, rom iranis xeli ar

gamoCeniliyo. magram mainc cnobili gaxda yumuxebi rom Sah

abas II-is miTiTebiT moqmedebdnen: 1658 wels Sahis elCma da-

kul saltanem, moskovSi boiarebTan saubrisas ganacxada,

rom ufliswulsa da mis deda elenes Tavs daesxnen yumuxe-

li feodalebi, romlebmac ufliswulis amalis datyvevebu-

li wevrebi, Sahs gaugzavnes2.

rusebis mier axali cixeebis Cadgmis Sesaxeb Sahs Sir-

vanis beglarbegma xosrov xanma moaxsena. Sahma aRmosavleT

amierkavkasiis musliman mmarTvelebs ubrZana xosrov xanis

droSis qveS Sekrebiliyvnen. maT SeuerTdnen darubandis, da-

Restnis da waxuris razmebi da yvela axali cixe daangries3.

es ambebi win uZRvoda erekle batoniSvilis moskovSi gam-

gzavrebas. xolo rac cixe-qalaq Tergis siaxloves gadaxda

ufliswulsa da mis mxleblebs, amaze ukve iTqva.

roca Teimurazma ufliswulsa da mis amalaze Tav-

dasxmis ambavi gaigo, aleqsi mixeilis Zes dauyovnebliv mis-

wera, rom es Tavdasxma rostom mefis mowyobili iyo, ro-

melmac `yumikebs gaugzavna didi mosakiTxi da SeuTvala,

rom Teimurazma Tavis SviliSvili, batoniSvili dedasTan

1 Taheri, gv. 384 2 Армяно-русские отношения в XVII веке. Сборник документов под ред. проф. В. А. Парсамяна, Ереван, 1953, с. 21. 3 iqve, gv 385.

444

erTad gagzavna, daiWiron da mas gamougzavnon, is ki maT yi-

zilbaSTa Sahs gaugzavnis~1.

Teimurazis SviliSvilis moskovSi gamgzavrebis wina-

aRmdeg, Sahis brZanebiT, gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda Taheris

mier dasaxelebuli xosrov (xusrev, xesrev) xani.

1653 w. 30 aprils TergSi vinme miniatka vaWars uTqvams,

rom darubandSi yofnisas sakuTari TvaliT naxa, rom `...Sema-

xiis xusrev xani darubandSi didZali laSqriT idga. masTan

ganjis xani da Sahis sxva qalaqebidan sami sulTani iyo did-

Zali mxedrobiT. isini darubandSi Sahis brZanebiT iyvnen mo-

suli. im xesrev xans nabrZanebi aqvs yizilbaSTa laSqriT da

yumuxelTa mxedrobiT TergTan mivides da batoniSvili dedi-

TurT gamoiTxovos. Tu xans maT ar gadascemen, maSin mas, xans,

nabrZanebi aqvs Tergis qalaqi aiRos~2.

rodesac iaraRiTa da jariT ufliswulis xelSi Cag-

deba ver moxerxda, Sahis agentebi (mag.: astraxanSi vinme

`qarTveli potapko~) Tergidan mSvidobianad gamgzavrebuli

ufliswulis mxleblebze zegavlenis moxdenas cdilobdnen

da urCevda moskovSi wasvla gadaeTqmevinebinaT da SahTan

gamgzavreba erCiaT3. i. cincaZe varaudobda, rom qarTveli

potapko SeiZleba rostom mefis ruseTSi elCis mier miCeni-

li piri iyo4.

amgvarad, ufleba gvaqvs vamtkicoT, rom qarTveli uf-

liswulis moskovSi gamgzavreba iranis Sahma aRiqva, ro-

gorc Teimurazis politikis gamagrZelebeli SviliSvilis

meTaurobiT ruseTis jaris saqarTveloSi gamoCenis per-

speqtiva. aseTive SeSfoTebas ganicdida rostomi, romelsac

eSinoda ara imdenad qarTveli xalxis siuzerenis Secvli-

1 nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, gv. 188. 2 tivaZe T., masalebi saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri istorii-

saTvis XVII s-is meore naxevarSi, `saistorio moambe~, t. 45-46, Tb.,

1982, gv. 21, #14. 3 nakaSiZe n., dasax. naSr., gv. 191. 4 cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan, gv. 265.

445

sa, ramdenadac TeimurazisaTvis warTmeuli samflobeloe-

bis dakargvisa1.

rodesac erekles moskovSi gagzvnas, rogorc saqar-

Tvelo ruseTs Soris urTierTobis axali etapis dasawyiss

afasebda, Sahi ar cdeboda. ar SeiZleba yazvinSi ar scod-

nodaT, Tundac levan dadianis agenturis wyalobiT mainc,

rom imereTis ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavnasac fiq-

robdnen. amitomac Sah abas II da rostom mefe yvelafers

akeTebdnen am procesis SesaCereblad.

erekles moskovSi wasvlas, rogorc did movlenas rom

aRiqvamda moskovis xelmwifis karic, naTlad gamoCnda uf-

liswulis miRebasa da misadmi Semdgomi mopyrobis dros,

magram imdrondeli ruseTis sagareo da saSinao mdgomareo-

ba ar iZleoda am momentiT srulad sargeblobis saSuale-

bas. rogorc SemdegSi gamoCndeba, verc Teimuraz mefem mii-

Ro is Sedegi, rasac igi ufliswulis xelmwifis karze gag-

zavniT moeloda.

1653 w. 27 dekembers erekle moskovSi Cavida2. masTan

erTad imyofebodnen elCebi _ Tavadi qaixosro da arqiman-

driti germane Teimuraz mefis mier gatanebuli werilebiT.

1654 wlis 1 ianvars aleqsi mixeilis Zem mefiswuli da

elCebi miiRo da mefeebis _ Teimurazisa da aleqsandres we-

rilebi Caibara. Teimurazi xelmwifes yizilbaSebisagan

dacva, fuli, 5-6 aTasi meomari, droSa, qvemexebis Wurvebi

da kalatozebi sTxova, `raTa Zveleburad Tavis saxelmwi-

foSi, Tavisi mamis taxti daikavos~. elCebi mowmeni iyvnen,

rom xelmwifes ar SeeZlo Teimuraz mefisaTvis SeiaraRebu-

li ZaliT daxmareba, radgan ruseTi reC pospolitasTan

omisaTvis emzadeboda3.

1 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 178. 2 moskovSi erekles didi zeimiT miRebisa da misi iq cxovrebis Se-

saxeb dawvr. ix. tatiSvili vl., qarTvelebi moskovSi, Tb., 1959, gv.

107-166. 3 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 446.

446

XII. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielebi Teimuraz I-is ruseTTan diplomatiur urTierTobaSi

ukve iTqva, rom Teimuraz mefe ruseTis saxelmwifos-

Tan uSualo da stabiluri urTierTobis dasamyareblad

Crdilo kavkasieli mTielebis rusuli iaraRiT damorCile-

bas da uxifaTo gzis gaxsnas cdilobda. magram amis miRwe-

va osmaleTisa da iranis winaaRmdegobis gamo, TiTqmis Se-

uZlebeli iyo. ruseTi ki orive dasaxelebul muslimanur

saxelmwifosTan SeiaraRebul dapirispirebas erideboda.

Teimurazi ruseTTan kavSirsa da kavkasionze gzis gaxsnas

sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas aniWebda. rodesac igi dar-

wmunda, rom ruseTi axlo momavalSi kavkasionis uReltexi-

lebs ar daikavebda, gadawyvita damoukideblad emoqmeda.

vaxuSti batoniSvils mxedvelobidan ar gamorCa kaxe-

Tis mefis amgvari saqmianoba da 1640 wlis qveS Semdegs gad-

mogvcems: Teimurazma isargebla iranTan droebiTi mSvido-

biT da `ganizraxa Teimuraz Sesvlad didoeTs, raTa moaq-

cios kerpobisagan da yosca gza ruseTisa da Seiwios igi-

ni... aramed didoTa moimwnes lekni da dauwyes brZola...

mokles rusTveli winaSe mefisa, da masve Jamsa cxeni Teimu-

razisa, da moswyÂdnes mravlni kaxni, ivltodnen da movida

Teimuraz kaxeTs mtirali da metyueli: `vai darbaisel

episkopos mowyuedilsa~1. amis Semdeg didoeTi kaxeTs sabo-

lood CamoSorda da aq gamavali gza ruseTisaken daexSo.

vaxuSti Teimuraz mefis marcxian laSqrobas didoeT-

Si araswored unda aTariRebdes. didoeTSi laSqroba adre

momxdari unda iyos im laSqrobasTan SedarebiT, romlis

Sesaxebac Teimurazi TviTon swerda aleqsi mixeilisZes 1639

wels. Cans, didoeTSi gancdili marcxis Semdeg Teimurazma

kavkasionze gamavali gzis gaxsnaze xeli ar aiRo.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 596.

447

Teimurazi moskovSi acnobebda, roca xelmwifis elCebi

Tavadi Tedore Tedores Ze volkonski da diaki artem xvato-

vi kaxeTisaken modiodnen nikifore mitropolitTan erTad,

am ukanasknelma Tergidan SemouTvala, rom xelmwifis elCe-

bis kaxeTSi uxifaTod Casayvanad aucilebeli iyo Teimurazi

jariT qisteTSi misuliyo. Teimurazi moskovSi swers: Tqveni

siyvarulisaTvis gaveSure da `TuSeTis, fSavis, xevsureTisa

da qisteTis mTebSi gavxseni is gza, romeliTac arasodes uv-

liaT arc elCebs da arc iveriis Zvel mefeebs. RvTis Zali-

Ta da Tqveni mefuri udidebulesobis wyalobiT yvela am mTebis mcxovrebni damemorCilen, momitanes TavianTi Zveli

sigelebi da me isini davamtkice. mravali moinaTla. [iq] ki-

dev aris eklesiebi, xatebi da zarebi. qisteTSi SevxvdiT

Tqveni mefuri udidebulesobis elCebs, wamoviyvane isini da

Cems qveyanaSi, kaxeTSi miviyvane~. werilSi Cans, rom aRniSnu-

li gzis gaxsnisaTvis Teimurazs sakmao Zalisxmeva dasWirda.

igi xelmwifes acnobebs: `didi jafa daadgaT Tqveni mefuri

udidebulesobis elCebs, magram me ufro meti viSrome, mTe-

li ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi, vidre gzas gavwmenddi... davimor-Cile mTielebi, ase rom isini Cemi mona-morCilebi gavxade,

iseve, rogorc pirvelad iyvnen [kaxeTis mefe] levanis dros~1.

Teimuraz mefeis mer iaraRiT daimorCilebuli TuSe-

bi, fSavelebi da xevsurebi, bolomde misi erTguli da qve-

Sevrdomi iyvnen. amas gveubneva dReisaTvis cnobili wyaroe-

bi, gansakuTrebiT ki, dasaxelebuli mTielebis mier mos-

kovSi gagzavnili werilebi. werilobiTi wyaroebis cnobe-

bis sapirispirod, n. nakaSiZe cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom

qarTveli mTielebi moskovis xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi Ses-

vlas Teimuraz mefisagan damoukideblad cdilobdnen. n. na-

kaSiZem ar gaiziara S. mesxias da i. cincaZis mosazreba,

romlis mixedviTac, `Tu kaxeTis arc namdvil mflobels

(Teimurazs), arc momavals (ufliswul erekles) ar hqondaT

1 Переписка, с. 28-29

448

teritoria, ar hyavdaT qveSevrdomebi, maSin aseT samefos

uqonel mefeebs, daxmarebis miRebis mcire imedi unda hqone-

bodaT. aucilebeli iyo Tundac mcire morCili teritoriis

qona, saidanac rusuli jari brZolis dawyebas SeZlebda.

kargi iqneboda amgvar dasayrden punqtad dasavleT saqar-

Tvelos gamoyeneba, magram arsebobda osmaleTis mxridan

uaryofiTi reaqciis saSiSroeba~1. n. nakaSiZis mixedviT,

TviT qarTveli mTielebi moskovSi ar malavdnen, rom isini

ukve ar emorCilebian Teimurazs. mkvlevari imasac aRniSnav-

da, TiTqos wyaroebi adastureben, rom moskovisadmi qveSev-

rdomobis Txovnis inicatorebi TviT mTielebi iyvnen2.

Teimurazis roli mTielTa warmomadgenlebis mos-

kovSi CasvlaSi sul sxvanairad axsna n. berZeniSvilma: `1656

wels Teimurazma da misma momxreebma TuS-fSav-xevsureTSi

didi samzadisi Caatares, es sami kuTxe gaaerTianes TuSebis

meTaurobiT da maTi elCebi ruseTSi mfarvelobis saTxovne-

lad gagzavnes~3. wyaroebi, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, swored

Teimurazis mier qarTvveli mTielebis darazmvaze da maTi

warmomadgenlebis moskovSi gagzavnaze gadmogvcemen.

fSavelebis, TuSebisa da xevsurebis Teimurazisadmi

morCilebis warmoCenas, kaxeTis mefis ruseTSi gamgzavrebis

win, sakuTari samefodan devnili mefe, seriozul mniSvne-

lobas aniWebda. mivyveT wyaroTa monacemebs. rogorc Cans, Teimuraz mefe mTielTa warmomadgenlebis

moskovSi gagzavnis organizebas 50-iani wlebis dasawyisidan

Seudga da 1654 wlis ianvarSi moskovSi Cavida TuSebisa da

1 Месхия Ш. А., Цинцадзе Я. З., Из истории русско-грузинских отношении X-XVIII вв., с. 75. 2 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 190-191. 3 berZeniSvili n., dondua m., dumbaZe m., meliqiSvili g., mesxia S.,

ratiani p., saqarTvelos istoria, I (uZvelesi droidan XIX sauku-

nis dasasrulamde), damxmare saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 1958, gv. 304.

449

qistebis elCoba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda naum ivanovi1.

sayuradReboa, rom ramdenime dRiT adre (1653 w. 27 dekemberi)

ruseTis sataxtoSi Cavida ufliswuli erekle-nikolozi.

àààRniSuli faqtebis damTxveva savsebiT kanonzomier

movlenad gvesaxeba. 50-ian iwlebis dasawyisSi yirim-osmale-

Tis mxridan mosalodneli agresiis saSiSroebam kavkasiis

xalxebi aiZula Zlieri mfarvelis Zebna daewyoT. Teimuraz

pirvelis mier SviliSvilis moskovSi gagzavnam, bunebrivia,

didi moralur-politikuri gavlena iqonia saqarTvelos mTi-

aneTis qristian da araqristian mosaxleobaze da pirdapir

miuTiTa ruseTze, rogorc yvelaze misaReb qomagze. amito-

mac, 1654 welsve TuSTa elCebis moskovSi gamoCena moulodne-

li da gasakviri ar iyo, miT umetes, rom Teimurazs, romel-

sac mTianeTSi myari dasayrdeni bazebis gaCena surda, ro-

gorc Cans, cda ar dauklia TuS-fSav-xvsurebis rusul ori-

entaciaze gadasayvanad~2.

T. tivaZis mosazrebis dazusteba SeiZleba: 1. rogorc

iTqva, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielebi Teimurazis mor-

CilebaSi iyvnen 30-iani wlebis bolodan: 2. erekle uf-

liswulisa da TuSebisa da qistebis warmomadgenlebis TiT-

qmis erTsa da imave dros moskovSi Casvla, vfiqrob Sem-

TxveviviTi ki ara, aramed Teimurazis mier organizebuli

iyo. mas isini, pirvel rigSi, ucxo garemoSi ufliswulis

mdgomareobis simyarisaTvis sWirdeboda. 3. imave dros Tei-

murazi agrZelebda sxva qarTvel mTielebTan, kerZod, fSa-

vebTan da xevsurebTan diplomatiur urTierTobas maTi Tu-

SebTan erTad ruseTis xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi Sesayvanad;

4. Teimurazs ruseTis xelmwife unda daerwmunebina, rom aR-

mosavleT saqarTveloSi mas dasayrdeni hqonda.

1 tivaZe T., TuS-fSav-xevsureTis ruseTTan urTierTobis sakiTxi-

saTvis (XVII s-is 50-60-iani ww.). krebulSi: Ziebani saqarTvelos da

kavkasiis istoriidan, Tb., 1976, gv. 239.

2 iqve.

450

mTielebi Teimuraz mefesTan kavSirSi rom ar yofiliy-

vnen, misi gegmebi rom ar scodnodaT da masTan SeTanxmebiT

ar emoqmedaT, rogor SeiZleboda erTdroulad samefo oja-

xis wevrebi da TuSebi da qistebi erTdroulad moskovSi

Casuliyvnen. maT Soris rom kavSiri arsebobda. amaze migva-

niSnebs Tundac is faqti, rom moskovSi myof TuSebs, kavSi-

ri hqondaT ufliswul ereklesa da dedofal elenesTan.

isini, imave dros, acxadebdnen, rom maTi erTaderTi mefe da

uzenaesi xelisufali Teimurazi iyo. magram amas orive mxa-

re, garkveul dromde, niRbavda.

1656 w. 1 marts moskovSi myofma mefiswulma ereklem

da misma dedam, dedofalma elenem saelCo prikazSi gag-

zavnes TavianTi kaci ivane `mamukini~1 da acnobes, rom Tei-

murazisagan werili miiRes. werilSi naTqvami iyo, rom Tei-

murazs qarTvelma mTielebma sTxoves uSuamdgomlos mosko-

vis mefis winaSe, maTi mfarvelobaSi misaRebad2. xelmwife

aleqsi mixeilis Zem brZana daekiTxaT `mamukini~ da gaerkvi-

aT vis mxares iyvnen TuSebi, Sahs xom ar emxrobodnen, ra-

zec pasuxi iyo Semdegi: ìsini yvelani qristianebi iyvnen

da Teimurazs emorCilebodnen, xevsurebis meTauri xevisbe-

ria, xolo fSavelebisa erisTavi. amJamad xevsurebic Tavi-

sufalni arian. fSavis erisTavi ki iranis Sahis qveSevrdomi

gaxda. is erisTavi TavisTan iwvevs TuSebsa da xevsurebs,

magram isini uars eubnebian da acxadeben, rom Teimurazis

da mefiswuli nikoloz daviTis Zis qveSevrdomebi arian. Tu

m[efis] u[didebulesoba] inebebs miiRos isini Tavisi m[efu-

ri] u[didebulesobis] maRali xelis qveS, iranis SahTan ara-

viTari usiamovneba ar eqneba~3.

1 ivane `mamukini~ is ìvane maqsimes Svili~ unda iyos, romelic

1658 wlis qarTulad daweril werilSia moxseniebuli, rogorc

elene dedoflis kaci. 2 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 191. 3 Там же.

451

moskovis mTavroba dainteresda qarTveli mTielebis

sakiTxiT da ivane `mamukini~ da Tarjimani i. fedorovi sa-

qarTveloSi gagzavna. 1656 wlis dekemberSi isini dab-

rundnen da moiyvanes TuSebis, xevsurebisa da fSavelebis

warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac moitanes erTi saintereso we-

rili, saidanac sruliad garkveviT Cans visi iniciativiT

cdiloben mTielebi Sevidnen ruseTis xelmwifis qveSevrdo-

mobaSi: `q. dido da yovlis mpyrobelo batono, dido mefev

da yovelT qristianeT Ãelmwifev, aleqsi mixeili Svilo!

yovlisa mpyrobelo! Senis brZanebiTa Cvens dedofalsa da batonis Svilsa kaci eboZa, da Cveni qveynis kaci daebarebi-na, rome Cvenc am didis Ãelmwifis ÃelTa varTo. da Tqven

amisi ymani SeiqeniTo da Tqvenc amas daukariT Tavio. awe...

Ãelmwifev, Cveni Ãelmwifec Tqvena... aris da Cvenc TuSeTis

da ÃevsureTis da fSavis qveyanaTa, samTav qristianT qveya-

nasa piroba gviqnia da zurgi migvibams erTmanerTisaTvin da

elCebi gamogvigzavnia. Ãevis beri sozame maqsimiC, da gri-

gol sadoriC, da pavle ivaniC, da Seni ymani SevqmnilvarT

da Tavi dagvikravs, rogorc Tqveni bZaneba iqneba Cven imisi

mqnelni varT: Cvena erTi RmerTi viciT da meore Ãelmwife

Teimuraz. Cven magars alags varT da aras kacs SevepovebiT.

amdeni xani aris da saqarTvelos yeni ebrZvis da Cven arc

SemogviSvia yaenis kaci, da sadac mogvixelTebia, mog-

viklavs da misi sardari gagviqcevia da laSqari gagviwyve-

tia: awe, dido Ãelmwife yenma waaxdina, da zurgi aRar sa-

diT gvqonda, da mRvTisagan velodebodiT, rome erTi Seni

bZaneba da kaci mogsvliyo: awe mogvivida Seni bZanebaca da

Cvenis dedoflis kacica, da Tqveni bZaneba gagviTavebia, da

Sen SemogxvewnivarT, da SenTvis Tavi dagvikravs gvimsaxure

da gvalaSqre, amdReSioT Seni ymani SevqmnilvarT~1.

1657 wlis 22 ianvars qarTveli elCebi saelCo prikazSi

daibares. maT ganacxades, rom moskovSi `Camovidnen did xel-

mwifis TayvaniscemisaTvis, raTa didma xelmwifem marTlmadi-


452

debluri qristianuli rwmenisaTvis mowyaleba moiRos da

brZanos maTi miReba Tavisi maRali xelis qveS mudmiv qveSev-

rdomobaSi... maTi rwmena qristianulia da cxovroben mTebis

gamagrebul adgilebSi sam banakad, xolo qalaqebi da bato-

nebi ar hyavT, yvela Tavis sofels flobs. TuSebs 8000 meb-

rZolo hyavT, xevsurebs 5000, fSavelebs 4000. meomrebi ib-

rZvian SvildiTa da SubiT, yvelani abjarSi arian. Tergidan

TuSeTamde swrafi siaruliT 4 dRis savalia, nela ki 6 dRi-

sa. iranis Sahisagan, yumixebisagan da Cerqezebisagan Sors

arian da maTgan araviTar Seviwroebas ar ganicdian... am dromde mefe Teimurazis qveSevrdomebi iyvnen. mas Semdeg rac yizilbaSma Sahma is gaanadgura, im droidan isini damouki-

deblad cxovroben~1.

mTielebis warmomadgenlebis mier ruseTisadmi erTgu-

lebis ficis miRebis Semdeg, isini ukan gagzavnes da Tan ga-

ayoles rwmunebulebi, romlebsac mTielebisaTvis fici un-

da daedebinaT. imis gamo, rom qarTveli mTielebi sruliad

Tavisufalni iyvnen da feodalebi ar hyavdaT, yvelas ruse-

Tis mefis erTgulebis fici unda daedoT. i. cincaZem yu-

radReba miaqcia im garemoebas, rom moskovis mTavrobam Tu-

SeTSi, fSavsa da xevsureTSi ficis miRebis ceremonialis

Casatareblad gagzavnes specialuri pirovnebebi _ `war-

gzavnilebi~ (присыльщики). ufro maRali Tanamdebobis piri

ar Seesabameboda TuSeTisa da xevsureTis mdgomareobas.

ufro metic, imisaTvis, raTa isini ficis erTgulni yofi-

liyvnen, mosTxoves mZevlebi. S. mesxia da i. cincaZe, imis ga-

mo, rom cnobili ar aris, Sesrulda es moTxovna Tu ara,

varaudobdnen, rom, `ramdenadac TuSebis, fSavebisa da xev-

surebis erTguleba, Teimurazisa da ufliswuli erekles

Suamdgomlobis wyalobiT eWvs ar iwvevda, mZevlebi aRar

1 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 191-192.

453

aiyvanes~1. magram rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT, sinamdvi-

leSi qarTveli mTielebis mZevlebi moskovSi Caiyvanes.

sainteresoa Tergis voevodas mier moskovSi gagzavni-

li moxseneba, saidanac vigebT, rom saqarTvelosken momava-

li `mamukini~ da mTielebi TergSi Sexvdnen moskovisken mi-

maval Teimuraz mefes: `man Tarjimani roman zinovievi da

TuSi pavle TavisTan daitova, xolo aznauri ivane mamukini,

saltani (sozame maqsimiCi _e.m.) da grigor sidorovi (gri-

gol sadoriCi _e.m.) TergSi datova da ubrZana TuSeTSi marto wasuliyvnen, werili gaatana da TuSebs yvelaferi

ubrZana. ivan mamukini TuSeTSi manam ar wavida, vidre mefe

Teimurazi TergSi ar movida. (mefem _e.m.) ivanes ubrZana im sami samflobelodan (TuSeTi, fSavi, xevsureTi _e.m.) or-ori kaci aeyvanaT im meTauri mflobelebisagan, vinc im mi-webs flobdnen. roca is xalxi aiyvanes, TeimurazTan erTad

wavidnen moskovSi~2.

imave wlis 26 seqtembers ivane mamukini wavida TuSeTSi,

saidanac 4 noembers dabrunda TergSi, Tan moiyvana 9 mTieli

qarTveli da 1658 wlis ivnisSi isini ukve moskovSi iyvnen3.

Tergis voevodas moxsenebas nawilobriv adasturebs

TuSebis, xevsurebis da fSavelebis mier mefe aleqsi mixei-

lisZisTvis gagzavnil werili, romelic daTariRrebulia

1658 wlis 12-13 ivlisiT. gavecnoT am sakmaod vrceli weri-

lis mniSvnelovan adgilebs: `... mRTiv gvirgvinosano, mefeT

mefev, dido mefev, batono aleqsi mixeilis Svilo: Tqvenma

mondobilma qveyanama TuSeTma, Ãevsurma da fSavma srul er-

TobilTa Tavi dagvikravs, da Tqvens nadgoms miwas vTxvevni-

varT: agreve amaswinaTac, dido Ãelmwifev, Cveni elCebi gxe-

liT da srulad erTobilTa Tavi dagikariT da asre mogax-

seneT, rome, Cven erTi RmerTi viciT da meore, saqarTvelos

1 Месхия Ш. А., Цинцадзе Я. З., Из истории русско-грузинских отношении, с. 79. 2 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 192. 3 Там же, с. 192-193.

454

xelmwife, mefe Teimuraz da Cven sxvas urjulo kacis Ãel-

qveiT ara vyofilvarT, Tu ar qristianis Ãelmwifis ymani

vyofilvarT da gvimsaxurebia da axla, Cvens Ãelmwifesa (Te-

imurazs_e.m.) urjulom yenma dasZliva da radgan Cveni Ãel-mwife Tqven ÃelT qveS aris, dido Ãelmwifev, Cvenc Tqvens

ÃelT qveS SeviqnebiT da arc usikdilod urjulos kacis

ymoba ar SegviZlian, Tu qristianis Ãelmwifis, da axla, ma-

Ralo Ãelmwifev, Cveni elCebi rom gamobrunebul iyo, da Cve-nis batonis rZlis kaci ivane maqsimes Svili da Tergze rom

mosul iyunes, Cveni Ãelmwife (Teimuraz I _e.m.) win Semohyro-da, da erTi Cveni elCi iq daeWira da ori kidev gamouSo da erTi Tavisi kaci ivane maqsimes Svili da asre ebZana Cvens Ãelmwifesa CvenTvis, rome èrTi RmerTi icodeTo, da meore, es didi Ãelmwifeo. rogorac amisma brZanebam dagarigosT isre qeniTo, da sxvas kacisaTvis aramc Tavi mogidrekiaTo,

da an sxva kaci Tqvens qveyanaSi SemogiSviaTo~: movida Cveni

elCebic da Cvenis Ãelmwifis gamogzavnili kacica, da Cven-

Tvis mravali wyaloba gebZanebina da magaTi bednieri xeli

dauRebia, asre gebZana. `Cemi ymani SeiqeniTo da memsaxureTo

da visac gamtero, umtereTo. Tu ram dagWirdes, Sematyobine-

To da laSqars mogaSvelebo, da Tu Cemi laSqari gamouZaxo,

an lekzeda an sxvagniT, Tqven mzas iyveniTo. ra xan Cemi bZa-

neba mogivides, SeiyareniT da Cems laSqarSi gaeriveniTo da

milaSqreTo~. da sxva mravali wyaloba gebZana CvenTvina...

Cven ara Rirs viyveniT, rom bedniars xelmwifes CvenTvis wya-

loba eqna: axla kidev elCebi vaxeliT dids Ãelmwifesa rva

kaci. naum ivanes Svili, petro naumis Svili, aleqsandre ab-

ramis Svili, mixeil grigolis Svili, grigol mixeilis Svi-

li, ivane ivanes Svili, svimon zaqarias Svili, kuzma svimo-

nis Svili gamogvigzavnia da SevityeviT, rom Cveni xelmwife TqvenTan wamosula da rogorc Tqveni bZaneba mamiva, isre

viqT, da isre gmsaxurebT~1.


455

moxmobili masalebi, vfiqrob, ueWvels xdis, rom Tu-Sebi, fSavelebi da xevsurebi TavianT erTaderT mefed da batonad mxolod Teimuraz mefes miiCnevdnen (am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar unda hqondes dasaxelebuli qarTveli mTie-lebis Teimurazisadmi morCilebis xarisxs) da moskovTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis damyarebisas moqmedebdnen maT mier aRiarebuli mefis miTiTebiT. magram Teimuraz mefis am mcdelobas iseve, rogorc mis mraval sxva Zalisxmevas da, Tundac, misi moskovis xelmwifesTan piradad xlebasac ki, sasurveli Sedegi ar mohyva.

456

XIII. Teimuraz I moskovSi 1654 w. 19 maiss qarTvelma elCebma gamomSvidobebisas

ruseTis xelmwifes mimarTes: radgan mas ar ZaluZs Teimu-

razs samxedro ZaliT daexmaros, amitom maT, elCebma, moiT-

xoves neba miscen Teimurazs Cavides moskovis saxelmwifo-

Si. xelmwifem daakmayofila es moTxovna da brZaneba gasca

astraxanSi gaegzavnaT sigeli, Teimurazis Rirseulad miRe-

bisa da moskovSi gamgzavrebisaTvis.

imave wlis 1 ivniss rusi elCebi _ dimitri gorix-

vastovi da diaki gleb petrikeevi, qarTvel elCebTan erTad

Teimuraz da aleqsandre mefeebTan gaemgzavrnen, magram da-

niSnulebis adgilamde ver miaRwies, TergSi daixocnen1.

Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare, Teimuraz mefe ar

daeloda Tavisi elCebis dabrunebas da 1655 wlis 10 ag-

vistos aleqsi mixeilis Zes axali werili gaugzavna Tavisi

Sikrikis, `WaSniki~ ivanes xeliT. werilSi naTqvami iyo: Sah

abas II Teimurazs sTxovda, rom rogorc moskovis xelmwi-

fes misca Tavisi SviliSvili, aseve misTvisac mieca. imave

dros kaxeTis mefe iTxovda xelmwifes misi ufrosi SviliS-

vilisaTvis, luarsabisaTvis mieTxovebina Tavisi da; iT-

xovda yumuxebis winaaRmdeg gaegzavna 50 aTasiani jari,

radgan yvela mTieli Sahis momxreni iyo, Tumca maTi damor-

Cileba SesaZlebelia2.

moskovSi rusi elCebis TergSi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb

rodesac gaiges, Teimuraz da aleqsandre mefeebTan gaig-

zavna axali elCoba vasili Jidovinovisa da diak feodor

poroSinis meTaurobiT. isini moskovidan gavidnen 1655 w. 7

maiss. maT Tergidan waiRes gardacvlili elCebis mier da-

tovebuli, TeimurazisaTvis gadasacemi 6 aTasi efimki da

sxva saCuqrebi, romlis nawili unda mierTmiaT dedoflisa

da mefis axlobleblebisaTvis. ufliswulis amalis datyve-

vebuli wevrebis, maTi avladidebisa da xazinis Sesaxeb,

1 iqve. 2 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 455.

457

brZaneba gaegzavna astraxanis boiarsa da voevodebs, rom

qarTveli tyveebis sanacvlod yumuxebis murzas daubrunon

ali saltan murza, romelic Tergel samxedroebs hyavdaT

datyvevebuli. xelmwife Teimurazs acnobebda, rom jars da

qvemexis Wurvebs, reC pospolitasTan omis gamo ver ugzavni-

da. omis dasrulebis Semdeg, rodesac jari laSqrobidan

dabrundeboda, Teimurazi daxmarebis gareSe ar darCeboda1.

1655 w. 26 maiss mefe Teimurazma TavisTan daibara rusi

elCebi da ganucxada, rom yizilbaSma Sahma igi misi kuTvnili

saxelmwifodan gaaZeva da imereTSi cxovrobs Tavis siZe

aleqsandresTan, romlisganac araviTar daxmarebas iRebs. Ta-

vis xalxTan erTad did gaWirvebas ganicdis. axla Teimurazs

gadawyvetili aqvs dedofalTan, SviliSvilebTan _ daviTis

vaJiSvil ufliswul luarsabTan, asulTan da axloblebTan

erTad, sul 300 kaciT, imis SiSiT, rom mas da mis xalxs

mtrebi Seipyroben da Sahs gadascemen, gadawyvita moskovSi

xelmwifesTan wavides. xelmwifem misi uSiSroebis uzrunvel-

sayofad yabardoSi gagzavnos 5 aTasi kaci, romlebic mSvido-

bianad miiyvanen TergSi. es unda moxdes agvistomde, vidre

Tovli mova da mTebSi gadasvla SeuZlebeli iqneba2.

1656 w. 6 marts moskovSi Cavida Teimuraz mefis elCoba

dimitri ezekielis Ze areSiZis da aznauri biZina daviTis

Zis meTaurobiT. 18 aprils audienciis dros elCebma xel-

mwifes gadasces Teimuraz mefis Semdegi Sinaarsis werili.

Teimurazi xelmwifes Seaxsenebda: `Seni mefuri udidebule-

sobis brZaneba iyo, Tu Sen mefe Teimurazi gamomigzavni

Sens SviliSvils, me Sen jars mogcem, raTa Sens miwa-wyals

daeuflo, Cemi yma iqnebi da meti araferio. jari unda gamo-

gegzavna, raTa Cemi miwa-wyali gamewminda. me Seni udidebu-

lesobis neba Sevasrule, Cemi SviliSvili gamogigzavne da

Tqveni didi mefobis mona Seviqeni... moiReé Cemze mowyaleba

da momeci jari Cemi miwa-wylis gasawmendad da iveriis sa-

xelmwifo iyves Seni mbrZaneblobis qveS iseve, rogorc sxva

1 iqve, gv. 448. 2 iqve, gv. 450.

458

saxelmwifoebi imyofeba Seni mbrZaneblobis qveS. rodesac

Sahma gaigo, rom Cemi SviliSvili mikolai daviTis Ze Sens

mefobas gamovugzavne, gamirisxda da Cems daWeras da mok-

vlas cdilobs... Sahi miTvlis: an me damnebdi, an moskovis

mefesTan wadi, sadac Seni SviliSvili gagzavne~1.

Teimurazi aleqsi mixeilisZes Tavis ekonomiur da fi-

nansur SeWirvebazec werda, magram misi mTavari moTxovna mos-

kovidan jariT daxmareba iyo. Tu xelmwifes jariT daxmare-

bis saSualeba ar hqonda, maSin TergSi dasaxlebis uflebas

iTxovda dedofalTan, SviliSvilebTan da Tavis `boiarebTan~

erTad2. Teimuraz mefe imeds ar kargavda, rom rodisme xel-

mwife jars miscemda da Tavis qveyanas daibrunebda3.

29 aprils dimitri areSiZem saelCo prikazSi daazus-

ta im adamianebis raodenoba da vinaoba, vinc Teimuraz me-

fesTan erTad saqarTvelodan rusTSi wavidodnen: `Teimu-

raz mefesTan erTad iqneba misi dedofali, SviliSvili, mi-

kolai daviTis Zis ufrosi Zma. amJamad is aris 15 wlis. mi-

kolai daviTis Zis umcrosi da, amJamad 9 wlisa. Teimuraz

mefesTan erTad iqneba 2 episkoposi medaviTneebiT, 18 aznau-

ri colebiTa da SvilebiT, misi, mefis kariskacebi. Teimu-

raz mefesTan sul, yvela Cinis adamiani colebiTa da Svi-

lebiT 500 kaci iqneba~.

levan meore dadianma icoda Teimuraz mefis ganzraxva

moskovis xelmwifesTan gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb da igi ro-

gorc Tavisi, aseve rostom mefisa da Sah abas II-is intere-

sebis mixedviT, albaT, maTTan SeTanxmebiTac, cdilobda Se-

eferxebina Teimurazis ganzraxvis ganxorcieleba. sxvagva-

rad ver avxsni dadianis mier Teimuraz mefesTan Tavisi ka-

cebis migzvnas, im motiviT, viTomdac mas aleqsandre mefes-

Tan Sesarigeblad misi Suamdgomloba undoda. magram Teimu-

razs odiSis mTavris ar sjeroda. bolos levan dadianma

1 iqve, gv, 456 2 iqve, gv. 458. 3 iqve. ix. Teimuraz mefis werili moskovis xelmwifesTan, rome-

lic wardgenelia 24 aprils ix. Переписка, с. 71-73.

459

mefes avtoritetuli adamianebi miugzavna. igi iZulebuli

gaxda maT nebas dahyoloda da mTavarTan mosalaparakeblad

zugdidSi gaeSura. rogorc mosalodneli iyo molaparakeba

uSedegod damTavrda. dadianma mSvidobis sanacvlod iseTi

moTxovna wamoayena, romelsac arc imereTis mefe da arc

Teimurazi daTanxmdeboda.

ra Tqma unda, dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebis

Serigeba, rac erTiani sagareo politikuri kursis SemuSa-

vebasac waadgeboda, Teimurazs uaRresad mniSvnelovnad mi-

aCnda. dasavleT saqarTvelos Zalebis erTi saerTo, qarTu-

li interesebisaken warmarTva Teimuraz mefes rostom mefis

da, Sesabamisad yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg omis warmatebiT

warmoebis da, sabolood, qarTlisa da kaxeTis ganTavisuf-

lebis perspeqtivas qmnida. Tu movlenebi ase ganviTardebo-

da, Teimurazs rusT xelmwifesTan saxvewari aRar eqneboda.

dadianis da Teimurazis molaparakebis Sesaxeb sainte-

reso cnoba dagvitova erT-erTma rusma diplomatma ilia

stoianovma.

1657 wlis 4 seqtembers moskovSi dabrunebulma Jidovi-

novisa da poroSinis Tarjimanma ilia stoianovma, saelCo

prikazSi dadianis TeimurazTan urTierTobaze Semdegi Cve-

neba misca. `Teimuraz mefesTan misi yofnis dros mraval-

jer movidnen levan dadianis mociqulebi, romlebic iT-

xovdnen, rom Teimurazma odiSis mTavari da imereTis mefe

Searigos da isic Seiyvanos moskovis xelmwifis mfarvelo-

baSi, ise rogorc Teimurazi imyofeba didi xelmwifis qve-

Sovrdomad. roca Teimuraz mefe did xelmwifesTan wava, mas

aleqsandre mefesTan veRaravin Searigebs.

Teimuraz mefem sadadianos mefe leontis ar daujera

da uari uTxra. Teimuraz mefis dasarwmuneblad sadadianos

mefe leontim masTan gamogzavna kaTalikosi (maT kaTalikosi

hyavT patriarqis magier) da mitropoliti mikolai1, rom im

leonti mefes aleqsandre mefesTan mSvidoba unda da mas da-

icavs samudamod. kaTalikosi da mitropoliti Teimuraz me-

1 nikifore irbaxi.

460

fis darwmunebas cdilobdnen. Teimuraz mefem daujera ra ka-

Talikossa da mitropolits, maTTan erTad wavida sadadia-

nos leonti mefesTan, xolo is ilia1 Tan waiyvana saTar-

jimnod. mividnen Tu ara qalaq zuCitSi2, sadac cxovrobs sa-

dadianos leonti mefe, sadadianos mefe piradaT, Tavis boia-

rebTan erTad Sexvda Teimuraz mefesa da kaTalikoss. Teimu-

raz mefe sadadianos mefesTan erTad im qalaqSi wirvas daes-

wro. wirvis Semdeg sadadinos mefem Teimuraz mefes uTxra:

Tu mis siZe aleqsandre mefes masTan Serigeba unda, maSin sa-

dadianos mefes Tavisi sataxto qalaqi quTaisi unda dauT-

mos. mas aseT pirobiT unda masTan mSvidoba da Tavis Svil-

sac daubrunebs, xelmwifis mfarvelobaSic Seva. Teimuraz

mefem dainaxa ra misi meryeoba Tavis qveyanaSi dabrunda~3.

Teimuraz mefem, romelmac winaswar icoda dadianTan

molaparakebis Sedegi, rusi diplomati, albaT, zugdidSi

imisaTvis waiyvana, rom mas sakuTari TvaliT enaxa ras war-

moadgenda levan dadiani, rogorc politikosi. Teimurazs

rusebis darwmuneba undoda imaSic, rom rasac is moskovis

mTavrobas dadianze uaryofiTs swerda, yovelive simar-

Tles Seefereboda. sxva ra mizniT unda waeyvana Teimuraz

mefes ilia stoianovi samegreloSi? raSi gamoadgeboda mas

rusi Tarjimani samegreloSi?

moskovSi ukve karga xania cnobili iyo Teimuraz mefis

survili ruseTis xelmwifis karze stumrobis Sesaxeb, magram

Teimurazis amgvari saboloo gadawyvetileba maT ezekielisa-

gan Seityves. Teimuraz mefe raWaSi imyofeboda da moskovSi

wasvlis samzadisSi iyo, rodesac cnobili gaxda levan II da-

dianis sikvdili. farsadan gorgijaniZis mixedviT, imereTis

mefem maSinve Tavisi xelisufleba gaavrcela odiSis sam-

Tavroze da Teimurazi arCevanis winaSe daayena: `ruseTs nu-

Rar waxvalo, ginda odisSig gabatondio, Tu gindao, qarTlsa

1 ilia stoianovi, rusi elCebis Tarjimani. 2 q. zugdidi. 3 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 452-453.

461

da kaxeTis mefeT dagsvamo~1. Teimurazma SeTavazebul winada-

debaze uari sTqva. sxvaTa Soris, rogorc Semdeg gavigebT,

farsadan gorgijaniZis naTqvami daadastura TviT Teimuraz

mefem moskovSi xelmwifesTan molaparakebis dros da isic ax-

sna Tu ratom sTqva uari SeTavazebul winadadebaze.

imis gamo, rom Teimurazis moskovSi Casvla ruseTis

mTavrobas did politikur warmatebad miaCnda, daiwyes sam-

zadisi qarTveli mefis Sesaxvedrad. Teimurazis misaRebad

moskovidan TergSi gaigzavna aznauri ondrei stefanes Ze

veliaminovi. mas unda uzrunveleyo strelecebis razmiTa

da jariT yabardoSi Teimurazs Sexvedroda da Tergamde

gaecilebina. manamde ki imereTSi Teimurazs dakavSirebod-

nen, raTa zustad daedginaT rodis datovebda imereTs da

ruseTisken gaemgzavreboda. veliaminovisaTvis yovelive

TergSi unda ecnobebinaT2.

1657 wlis zafxulSi Teimurazi ruseTs gaemgzavra. man

astraxanSi gamoizamTra da 1658 wlis 20 ivniss moskovSi Ca-

vida. Teimurazi saratovidan aleqsi mixeilisZisaTvis gag-

zavnil sigelSi Civis mgzavrobis dros gancdili im gaWir-

vebisa da uyuradRebobis gamo, rasac igi rusi moxeleebisa-

gan ganicdida. igi jer astraxanSi gaaCeres didi xniT, rad-

gan, rogorc adgilobrivi moxeleebi mas ganumartavdnen, ar

iyo xelmwifis brZaneba misi moskovSi Casvlis Sesaxeb 1657-

1658 wlis zamTarSi. caricinSi Seferxda cxenebisa da sa-

zidrebis uSovnelobis gamo, caricinidan saratovisaken

mdinariT mogzaurobisas zogi navi daimtvra. saratovSic

igive dabrkolebebi Seeqmna rac caricinSi3.

1658 wlis 5 ivliss xelmwifem Teimurazi miiRo. 22-Si

gaimarTa maTi molaparakeba. 31-Si ruseTis mTavrobis warmo-

madgenlebs Sexvda. boiar Tavad ivane andrias Ze xilkovsa

da saTaTbiros diak larion lopuxins daavales Teimuraz

mefisaTvis daesvaT kiTxvebi rusi politikosebisaTvis sain-

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 262. 2 iqve, gv. 458; Переписка, с. LXII. 3 Переписка, с. 78.

462

tereso sakiTxebze; 22 seqtembers gaimarTa molaparakeba ru-

seTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlebTan _ Tavad aleqsandre ni-

kitas Ze trubeckoisTan, okolniC (kariskaci) bogdan matveis

Ze xitrovosTan da saTaTbiros diak larion lopuxinTan.

Teimuraz mefis moskovSi yofnisa da molaparakebebis

amsaxveli `Canawerebi~, `sakmaod naTlad warmogvidgenen Te-

imurazis, rogorc diplomatis saxes~1.

22 agvistos Teimuraz mefesa da mefe aleqsi mixeilis-

Zes Soris molaparakeba gaimarTa. molaparakeba kiTxva-pasu-

xis saxiT mimdinareobda. maT Soris saubars uZRveboda

Tarjimani mixeil koSaevi.

Teimuraz mefem, upirveles yovlisa, Tavisi moskovSi

Casvlis dasabuTeba scada: miuxedavad imisa, rom igi Sahis-

gan didad Sewuxebulia, xelmwifesa da Sahs Soris megob-

roba da siyvarulia. Teimurazis mizans ar warmoadgens ma-

Ti waCxubeba. igi Tavisi Seuracxmyofeli Sahis winaaRmdeg

sabrZolvelad jars ar iTxovs. amjerad mas daxmareba unda

mxolod Tavisi yofili, moRalate qveSevrdomebis dasamor-

Cileblad, qristianobisa da eklesia-monastrebis musliman-

Tagan dasacavad.

xelmwifis pasuxi neitraluri iyo: man wuxili gamoxa-

ta saqarTveloSi qriatianobisa da eklesia-monastrebis sava-

lalo mdgomareobis gamo da imedi gamosTqva, rom dadgeba

dro da, RmerTis SewevniT, Teimurazis mefobaSi, an misi mem-

kvidreebis dros, qveyana muslimanTa batonobisagan ganTavi-

sufldeba. xelmwife mainc dainteresda: urCebis mosaTvinie-

reblad Teimurazs didi jari, cxenosani Tu qveiTi, das-

Wirdeba?. Teimurazma 30 an 20 aTasi cxenosani moiTxova. kiT-

xvaze, ramdeni jari hyavT amboxebulebs, mefem upasuxa: 3-4

aTasi. amgvar pasuxs sruliad bunebrivad mohyva axali kiT-

xva: ramdeni jaris gamoyvana SeuZlia Teimuraz mefes, imere-

Tis mefes da dadians, Teimurazma upasuxa: TviTon gamoiy-

vanda 30 aTas cxenosansa da qveiTs, imereTis mefe _ 20 aTass,

dadiani _ 30 aTass an mets. xelmwife dainteresda: Tuki maT

1 maWaraZe v., Canawerebi, gv. 441.

463

amdeni jaris Sekreba SeuZliaT, ratom ver imorCileben mci-

rericxovan urCebs. Cans, Teimuraz mefe am SekiTxvas ara mxo-

lod elodebodboda, aramed TviTon moaxdina misi provoci-

reba, raTa eTqva Semdegi: urCebs yizilbaSebi exmarebian, xo-

lo dadianis qveyana sicocxlis bolomde misadmi mtrulad

ganwyobili iyo. roca sadadinos mefe gardaicvala, mas arc

Svilebi da arc sxva axlobeli darCa. amitom mis adgilas

erTi boiari airCies, romelsac unda Teimurazis SviliS-

vils Tavisi asuli miaTxovos. imereTis mefe Teimurazs ur-

Cevda, rom erTad wasuliyvnen, misi Tavis SviliSvilic waey-

vanaT da dadianis qveyanis marTva TavianT xelSi aeRoT, mag-

ram ruseTis xelmwifesTan wamosvla varCieo1.

xelmwifesTan saubarma Teimuraz mefe daarwmuna, rom

igi moskovSi raime faseul daxmarebas ver miiRebda da ga-

mosazamTreblad yazanSi gaSveba iTxova, gazafxulze ki,

Tavisi qveynisken gzas daadgeboda. imave dros Teimurazma

diplomatiur xerxsac mimarTa. man xelmwifes sTxova, neba

momeci Cems qveyanaSi winaswar kaci gavagzavno, raT yvelas

gavagebino, gavaxaro da davaimedo, xelmwifisagan rogori

mniSvnelovani mowyaleba da jamagiri miviReo.

`CanawerSi~ araferia naTqvami Teimurazis sityvebma

xelmwifeze rogori STabeWdileba moaxdina, an rogori re-

aqcia hqonda mas, magram savaraudoa, xelmwifis araf-

rismTqmelma saxem an mimikam Teimurazi moskovSi Casvlis

uSedegobaSi daarwmuna. amitom man Tqva is, rasac, misi az-

riT gansakuTrebuli STabeWdilebna unda moexdina xelmwi-

feze. `yizilbaSebis Sahma mas (Teimurazs _e.m.) Tavisi elCe-

bi gaugzavna, rom Teimurazi misadmi morCilebaSi yofiliyo

da misTvis (SahisTvis _e.m.) amanaTad (mZevlad_e.m.) Tavisi

SviliSvili mieca, samagierod igi brZanebda misTvis mTeli

saxelmwifo daebrunebinaT da flobdes Zveleburad~. Mmag-

ram, Teimuraz mefes axsovda ra WeSmariti marTlmadideb-

luri qristianuli rwmena da xelmwifis didi mowyaleba,

man uari sTqva muslimanur siameze da SviliSvili amanaTad

1 iqve, gv. 443-445.

464

ar gaugzavna. `(Teimurazi _e.m.) TqvenTan, did xelmwifesTan

moskovSi mowyalebis saTxovnelad da mowiwebiT Camovida,

ara Tavisi colisa da Svilebis, ara Tavisi mamulis, aramed

mxolod wmnda RvTis eklesiebisa da erTmorwmune marTlma-

didebeli qristianebis gasaTavisufleblad, romlebic une-

burad gaamuslimanes~1.

Teimuraz mefem qarTvelebis qristianobaSi mtkiced

dgomis magaliTad Tavisi asulis mdgomareoba gaixsena. igi

amJamindeli Sahis mamis, sefis, coli iyo. sefis sikvdilis

Semdeg daqvrivebuli dResac qristianiao. Tu xelmwife Sah

abass Tavis elCebs gaugzavnis da Teimurazis qaliSvilis

ganTavisuflebas sTxovs, elCebi mas moskovSi Caiyvanen da

xelmwife romel monasterSic inebebs iq aRkvecs.

xelmwife Teimurazs Sepirda rom Sahs rodesac el-

Cebs gaugzavnida, amis Sesaxeb maSin miswerda2.

31 agvistos xelmwife aleqsi mixeilisZis brZanebiT,

ruseTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi boiari Tavadi ivane

andrias Ze xilkovi da saTaTbiros diaki larion lopuxini

Teimuraz mefes ewvivnen da 6 kiTxva dausves.

rus diplomatebs upirveles yovlisa ainteresebdaT

rogori urTierToba hqonda Teimuraz mefes osmaleTis sa-

xelmwifosTan, romelic ruseTis mTavrobas Tavis umTavres

mowinaaRmdeged miaCnda Crdilo kavkasiasa da Savi zRvispi-

reTSi; xom ar eweoda xelmwifis xeldebuli Teimuraz mefe

ormag TamaSs _ igi erTsa da imave dros xelmwifis qveSev-

rdomi da sulTnis mokavSire xom ar iyo. aRniSnuli mosaz-

rebidan gamomdinare formulirebuli iyo Teimuraz mefi-

saTvis micemuli pirveli kiTxva.

1) `TurqeTis romel mefesTan hqonda mtroba da omi,

ramdeni xnis winaT ganicada misgan devna, misma miwa-wyalma

ki ganadgureba?~ am kiTxvis dasma ganpirobebuli iyo, Sahe-

bis mier, sxvadasxva dros, moskovis xelmwifesTan gagzavni-

li dasmenis baraTebi, rom Teimuraz mefe iranisa da ruse-

1 iqve, gv. 445-446. 2 iqve, gv. 446.

465

Tis mter osmaleTs emxroba da osmalebis mier Sahis sam-

flobeloebis aklebaSi Tavisi jariT monawileobs. xelmwi-

fis informatorebisgan miRebuli cnobebiT ki, qarTvelebis

aseTi moqmedeba ar dasturdeboda. maSasadame, Teimuraz me-

fis pasuxs dasmul kiTxvaze, moskovis mTavrobisaTvis prin-

cipuli mniSvneloba hqonda.

Teimurazma am kTxvaze pasuxi daakavSira xelmwifesTan

molaparakebis dros naTqvams, rom gareSe mtris garda mis-

Tvis aranakleb saSiSi iyo Sinauri mteri, romelTa winaaR-

mdeg sabrZolvelad samxedro daxmarebis saTxovnelad mos-

kovSi Camovida. rusi diplomatebis mier dasmuli kiTxviT,

mas saSualeba eZleoda rusi politikosebisaTvis aexsna, ra-

tom uWirda Tavneba qveSevrdomebis damorCileba. isini daxma-

rebisaTvis gareSe Zalas mimarTavdnen. Teimurazis gagebiT,

yvelaze mWermetyveli iyo giorgi saakaZis magaliTi, rome-

lic Tavis mefes aujanyda, osmaleTSi gaiqca da sulTans

daxmareba sTxova. sulTanma mas 40 aTasiani laSqari misca.

giorgi saakaZis moRalaturma moqmedebam, gamoiwvia kon-

fliqti qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa da osmaleTs Soris. Teimu-

razma Tavisi mcirericxovani razmiT (3 aTasi mebrZoli) SeZ-

lo mtris damarcxeba. osmalebisaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom

saakaZe ara mxolod Tavis mefes, aramed sulTansac Rala-

tobda da igi sikvdiliT dasajes. amis Semdeg Teimuraz me-fes araviTari winaaRmdegoba sulTanTan ar hqonebia. Teimu-raz mefem isic gaixsena, rom konfliqtamde sulTanTan iyo da yizilbaSebTan sabrZolvelad jari sTxova. sulTans ga-

dawytvetili hqonda qarTveli mefis Txovnis dakmayofileba,

magram xeli SeuSala reC pospolitis mefesTan dawyebulma

omma1.

amgvarad, Teimuraz mefes, misive TqmiT, giorgi saaka-

Zis moqmedebiT gamowveuli konfliqtis erTaderTi SemTxve-

1 paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 461-462; maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv. 446-

447.

466

vis garda, sulTanTan, yovelTvis kargi, mSvidobiani urTi-erToba hqonda.

Teimurazma kargad icoda moskovis gansxvavebuli damo-

kidebuleba da intresebi saqarTvelos ori didi mezoblis _

iranisa da osmaleTis mimarT. rusi politikosebi fxizlad adevnebdnen Tvals Teimuraz mefis urTierTobas osmaleT-Tan, romelic Tavis umTavres konkurentad da potenciur samxedro metoqed miaCnda Savi zRvispireTSi, ukrainasa da Crdilo kavkasiaSi. iranTan ki moskovs mniSvnelovani ekono-mikuri interesebi akavSirebda, romlis dacvasa da ganviTa-rebas orive mxare ufrTxildeboda.

Teimuraz mefisaTvis yovelive es cnobili iyo. magram

igi moskovTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis dros xazgasmiT

aRniSnavda Tavis karg urTierTobas sulTanTan da amiT `mfarvels~ aRizianebda da mianiSnebda, rom yizalbaSTagan Seviwroebisa da Tavdasxmisagan SeiZleboda saqarTvelo os-maleTs daecva.

Teimuraz mefem isic kargad icoda, rom Sahi, romelsac

saqrTvelo ar eTmoboda, saqarTvelo-ruseTis kavSiris Sesa-

suteblad, osmaleTis kozirs yovelTvis iyenebda.

radgan Teimuraz mefe moskovTan diplomatiuri urTi-

erTobis dros, yovelTvis xazs usvamda, rom iranis Sahebis Teimurazisa da, saerTod, qarTvelebis mimarT mtrobis um-Tavresi mizezi maTi moskovis saxelmwifosaken ltolva da mis mier moskovisadmi qveSevrdomobis aRiareba iyo, amis da-sasabuTeblad qarTvel mefes dausves Semdegi kiTxva:

2) `roca Teimuraz daviTis Zem did xelmwifesTan mos-

kovSi Tavisi elCebi gagzavna, maSin yizilbaSebis Sahma ro-

gor da romel wels gaanadgura misi miwa-wyali~.

Teimuraz mefem, imisaTvis, raTa msmenelebisaTvis naTe-

li gaexada vin iyo qarTvelebis mteri da vin miaCnda rusT

xelmwifes Tavis moyvareTa da megobrad, Zalian mokled mo-

uTxro mTeli im ubedurebis Sesaxeb, romelic iranis Saheb-

467

ma Tavs daatexes piradad Teimurazs, mis axloblebs, ekle-

sia-monastrebs, qristianebs da, saerTod qveyanas1.

Teimuraz mefis pasuxi, SeiZleba iTqvas, gulwrfeli

iyo. man rus diplomatebTan gaimeora xelmwifesTan naTqva-

mi, rom xelmwifis qveSevrdomi qarTvelebis mTavari mteri misi `megobari~ Sahi iyo. mas ar uTqvams, magram rusi dip-lomatebi unda mixvedriliyvnen, rom Teimuraz mefes iranis

winaaRmdeg daxmarebis miRebis imedi ar aqvs. amitom daxma-

rebas iTxovs mxolod Sinaur mterTan sabrZolvelad.

3) moskovSi ainteresebdaT da SesaZlebloba miecaT,

pirveli pirisagan gaegoT im qveynis sidide, romelic Tei-

muraz mefes Tavisad miaCnda. amitom mas hkiTxes:

Teimuraz mefis pasuxi mokle, magram imdenad gasagebi

iyo, rom msmenels wamodgena Seeqmneboda ara mxolod aRmo-

savleT sqarTvelos qalaqebze, aramed iq arsebul politi-

kur viTarebazec.

Teimurazma upasuxa: misi miwa-wyali gardigardmo ga-

daWimulia 10 dRis savalze (rogorc Cans, igi aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos gulisxmobda), oTxi didi qalaqia, mcire ki

bevri, magram ganadgurebuli da gaukacurebuli. or qalaq-

Si cxovreben misi moRalate boiariebi. mis sataxto qalaq

gremSi darCenilia mcire mosaxleoba da mas floben misi

moRalateni. amJamad mTel mis saxelmwifos flobs rostom

xani, warmoSobiT qarTveli, gamuslimanebuli, ukve moxuci,

iSvila moRalate boiari voxtani (vaxtang V) da Sahs sTxo-

va, rom misi sikvdilis Semdeg saqarTvelos igi flobdes.

Teimurazma ar icis mokvda Tu ara rostom xani da im moRa-

lates Tu gadaeca qveyana 2.

4) `ramdeni xania rac Teimuraz mefem dadianisa da

gurielis miwa-wyali didi xelmwifis, misi mefuri udidebu-

lesobis maRali xelis qveS Seiyvana, ratom arian isini di-

di xelmwifis maRali xelis qveS, rwmenis gamo gaxdnen da

1 paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 462-463; maWaraZe v., dasax. nasr., gv. 447-

448.

2 iqve, gv. 463; iqve, gv. 448.

468

amJamadac, Zveleburad, didi xelmwifis qveSevrdomni arian,

maTze vin batonobs?~

Teimuraz mefem, msmenelebs, Zalian mokled mouTxro

samegrelosa da guriaze.

man yuradReba gaamaxvila odiSis samTavroSi momxdar

ukanasknel ambebze. vidre mefe leonti (levan dadiani)

cocxali iyo, Cven Soris ganuwyveteli mtroba da omi arse-

bobda. mokvda Tu ara leonti mis adgilas airCies misi ax-

lo naTesavi vameyi, rimelmac Tavisi asuli Teimurazis Svi-

liSvilze leontize (luarsabi) daniSna da ganizraxa didi

xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi Sesvla. mis saxelmwifoSi 4 didi

qalaqia, romlebic mdebareoben gamagrebul adgilebSi Savi

zRvis napirze. isini aravisTan omoben, samegrelos mosax-

leoba 40 aTasi suli iqneba.

gurielis samflobeloebi mcirea, igi imereTsa da sa-

dadianos Soris mdebareobs. igi xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi Se-

vida da xelmwifisadmi erTdgulebaze jvarze daifica. sada-

diano da sagurielo imerTis mefis rCeviT imarTeba, magram

xarks ar uxdian, masTan megobruli urTierToba aqvT. rode-

sac maT gaiges, rom mefe Teimurazi xelmwifesTan midioda,

maTi erTaderTi Txovna iyo didi xelmwifisaTvis gadaeca,

rom Teimyrazs jariT daexmaros. moskovSi gamgzavrebis win

imereTis mefe aleqsandrem Teimurazs sadadianoSi wasvla

SesTavaza, magram man mefe aleqsandres ubrZana sadadianoSi

TviTon wasuliyo da misi SviliSvili leontic (luarsabi)

waeyvana. TviTon Teimurazi did xelmwifesTan wamovida mo-RalateTa winaaRmdeg jaris saTxovnelad1.

5) `Sen, mefe Teimuraz daviTis Ze, rodesac did xel-

mwifes, mis udidebulesobas sTxove, rom did xelmwifes mis

mefur udidebulesobas SenTvis mefe Teimuraz daviTis Zis-

Tvis jari moeca, iveriis miwawylis agarianebisa da im mo-

Ralateebisagan gasaTavisufleblad, romlebmac marTlmadi-

debluri qristianuli rwmena miatoves da gamuslimandnen.

maT yizilbaSTa Sahs jari mosTxoves da Seni samefo gaa-

1 iqve, gv. 463-464; iqve, gv. 448-449.

469

nadgures. Tu xelmwifis udidebulesoba jars mogcems, ro-

gorc did xelmwifesTan yofnis dros mis mefur udidebu-

lesobas uTxari da Sefice, Sen misi saxelmwifo jari yi-

zilbaSi Sahis winaaRmdeg ar gWirdeba da yizilbaS Sahs

did xelmwifesTan ar waaCxubeb~1.

am vrceli kiTxvaSi Camoyalibebuli iyo moskovis

mTavrobis politika saqarTvelosa da iranis mimarT, ro-

melsac igi axorcielebda XVI s. bolo meoTxedidan XVII s.

50 –iani wlebis dasasrulamde da, rogorc Cans, amis Semde-

gac igive politikis gatarebas apirebda. moskovis mTavroba saqarTvelos gamo iranTan urTierTobis garTulebas ar fiqrobda da amas pirdapir eubnebodnen Teimuraz mefes.

Teimuraz mefem pirdapirobas pirdapirobiT upasuxa.

man Camoayaliba is miznebi, ris gamoc igi moskovis saxel-

mwifosTan kavSiris damyarebas cdilobda. kerZod, man xel-mwifesTan yofnis dros iTxova da axlac imeorebs, rom xelmwifem jari misces Tavisi qveynis moRalateebisagan ga-sawmendad, SahTan araferi esaqmeba. man ar icis Sahi daicavs im moRalateebs Tu ara. igi imitom Sevida xelmwifis maRa-li xelis qveS, rom daexmaros Tavisi qveynis ganTavisufle-baSi, misces saxelmwifo jari. Teimurazi imerlebis, dadia-nelebis da gurulebis gaerTianebuli jariT Tavis qveyanas gawmends. Tu Sahis jari mis winaaRmdeg wamova, maSin igi Tavs daicavs. rodesac xelmwife Teimurazs saqarTveloSi

gaistumrebs, xelmwifem neba iboZos da misweros imereTis mefes, dadiansa da guriels, raTa miscen jari. agreTve, mis-weros Sahs, rom marTlmadidebeli qristianuli rwmenis me-fe Teimurazi Sesulia didi xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi da Sahi mis samflobeloSi ar SeiWres da ar gaanadguros, xo-lo Tu igi mainc ase moiqceva, maSin xelmwife saqarTvelos daicavs2.

1 iqve. 2 iqve, gv. 464-465; iqve, gv. 449-450.

470

6) `didma xelmwifem, misma mefurma udidebulesobam dag-

vavala Sen, Teimuraz daviTis Zes, gkiTxoT, ramdeni saxelmwi-

fo msaxureuli dagWirdeba da Seni qveynis romel adgilebam-

de unda miiyvano, ra manZilia iqamde, ramdeniTaa daSorebuli.

im adamianebs Semdegi mgzavrobisaTvis eyolebaT cxenebi, eqne-

baT puris maragi, rom grZel gzaze da SenTan yofnis dros

saxelmwifo jari SimSiliT ar amowydeba da yizilbaSTa Sahi

im oriode moRalate boiaris gamo oms ar daiwyebs?~

Teimuraz mefis pasuxi amjeradac lakonuri da saqmiani

iyo. misi azriT, sakmarisi iqneboda 30 aTasi cxenosani. isini,

sursaT-sanovagiT momaragebulni, astraxanidan saqarTvelomde

miaRweven, Teimurazis samflobeloebSi ki maragi bevri iqneba

da xelmwifis jari naklebobas ar ganicdis. Sahi, mefis moRa-

lateebis SeiaraRebuli ZaliT dacvas Seecdeba Tu ara, Tei-

muraz mefem ar icis. magram, rodesac igi moRalateebs gaus-wordeba xelmwifis jars maSinve ruseTSi daabrunebs.

Teimuraz mefes arc imis Tqma daviwyebia, rom rodesac

igi aleqsi mixeilis Zis, xelmwifis mamis qveSevrdomobas

iRebda, man Teimurazs oqros beWdiT damowmebuli sigeli ga-

ugzavna, romelSic ewera: `did xelmwifes igi, mefe (Teimura-zi _e.m.) Tavis saxelmwifo wyalobaSi eyoleboda da mtrebi-sagan daicavda. amis Semdegac mefes moskovidan mravali sa-xelmwifo sigeli misweres, raTa mas didi xelmwifisaTvis Tavisi SviliSvili gamoegzavna. man SviliSvili gamogzavna da axla TviTonac Camovida da iTxovs, rom didma xelmwifem

saxelmwifo jari momceso. axla xelmwifis didebulebas vucxadeb, _ uTxra Teimurazma rus kariskacebs, _ Tu xel-mwifis udidebulesoba ar inebebs Cemi dacva brZanos, Cemi macqerali, muslimanebisagan devnili imerlebi, dadianelebi da gurulebi sxva xelmwifis Zebnas daiwyeben. Cven yvelas erTi Txovna gvaqvs, rom xelmwifem jari mogvces da Cveni dacva brZanos~1.

1 g. paiWaZis publikaciaSi es dokumenti aq wydeba. misi gagrZeleba

mocemuli aqvs v. maWaraZes, romelsac qvemoT gavecnobiT.

471

Teimuraz mefes, rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT, gaT-

vlili hqonda, rom misi es muqaranarevi naTqvami rus diplo-

matebze da TviT xelmwifeze STabeWdilebas moaxdenda. ruse-

Tis xelmwife Teimuraz mefes saqarTveloSi Tavis agentad

miaCnda da mas qarTvel mefe-mTavrebTan agitacias avalebda,

rom isini xelmwifis qveSevrdomebi gamxdariyvnen. Teimuraz mefe am rolze uars ar ambobda im pirobiT, Tu misi amgvari saqnianoba mis samSoblos waadgeboda da sanacvlod ruseTi-dan samxedro daxmarebas miiRebda.

Teimuraz mefem erTi saintereso diplomatiuri svlac

gaakeTa: man icis, rom jer kidev mimdinareobs ruseT - reC

pospolitis omi, romlis drosac ruseTis umniSvnelovanesi

mizani reC pospolitisaTvis kazakebiT dasaxlebuli terito-

riebis warTmeva da, saerTod, ukrainis dapyroba iyo. Teimu-

razma saqarTvelos da dneprispireTis kazakebis mdgomareoba

erTmaneTs Seadara. `xelmwifes ar unda Cven dagvexmaros. ro-

desac dneprispireTis kazakebma iTxoves, rom xelmwifem isi-

ni Tavisi maRali xelis qveS Seifaros, didma xelmwifem ka-

zakebi marTlmadidebluri qristianuli sarwmunoebis gamo

miiRo da reC pospolitis mefesTan kavSiri gawyvita. me ki Ce-

mi saxelmwifos marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis mefe viyavi

da imitom Sevedi xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi mudmiv qveSevrdo-mad, raTa mas, did xelmwifes davecaviT~1.

rogorc Cans, Teimuraz mefes am SemTxvevaSic, iseve,

rogorc Tavis sxva saubrebsa Tu werilebSi, ruseTis mier

saqarTvelosaTvis daxmarebis umTavres pirobad sarwmunoeb-

riv erTobas miiCnevda.

Teimuraz mefem, Tavisi pretenziis kanonierebis dastu-

rad, kariskacebs 1641 wlis2 xelmwifis oqrosbeWdiani sige-

li warudgina, romelsac xels awerda diaki grigori lvovi3.

1 maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv. 450-451. 2 v. maWaraZe, Cemi azriT, sigels sworad ar aTariRebs 1651 wliT.

misaRebia g. paiWaZis mier SemoTavazebuli 1641 weli. 3 maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv. 451; paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 465. es

unda iyos zemoT ganxiluli, nikifore berZenis mier moskovidan

472

Teimurazis mier sigelis wardgena xelmwifis kariska-

cebisaTvis, rogorc Cans, imdenad moulodneli iyo, rom

maT sxva araferi darCenodaT qarTveli mefisaTvis eTqvaT:

`rac Sen, Teimuraz daviTis Zev sTqvi, did xelmwifes movax-

senebT da Sens Txovnaze didi xelmwifis, misi mefuri udi-

debulesobis werilobiTi brZaneba iqneba~1.

21 seqtembers Teimuraz mefes, xelmwifesTan gamosamSvi-

dobebeli miRebis Semdeg, saTaTbiros diakma moaxsena: xel-

mwifem da ufliswulma aleqsi aleqsisZem mas uwyalobes sa-

qarTvelos miwa-wyali da flobdes Zveleburad. Teimuraz me-

fem, romelmac saxarebze daifica, rom xelmwifesa da taxtis

memkvidres erTgulad emsaxureboda, rom sxva saxelmwifoeb-

sac (igulisxmeboda qarTuli samefo-samTavroebi) Seiyvanda

moskovis qveSevrdomobaSi, dapirdeboda maT xelmwifis jama-

girs, mowyalebas, mzrunvelobasa da dacvas. samagierod, di-

di xelmwife Teimurazs wyalobas ar moaklebda: moskovis sa-

xelmwifos jamagirsa da mzrunvelobas da mtrebisagan dac-

vas hpirdeboda2. saTaTbiros diakis TqmiT, Teimuraz mefem

madloba gadaixada imaze rac moismina.

xelmwifesTan gamomSvidobebisa da saTaTbiros diaki-

sagan xelmwifis danabarebis mosmenis Semdeg, Teimuraz me-

Camotanili sigeli. diplomatiur sigelebze, ruseTis mefe, ro-

gorc wesi, xels ar awerda. cnobilia, rom pirveli dokumenti,

romelsac ruseTis mefem xeli moawera, iyo SevedeTTan omis dros

daniis mefe qristian mexuTisaTvis 1656 wels gagzavnili sigeli,

romliTac ruseTis xelmwife danias SvedeTis winaaRmdeg omSi mo-

kavSireobas sTxovda (Очерки истории СССР. XVII в., М., 1955, с. 498). is sigeli, romelsac Teimuraz mefe imowmebda, T. tivaZem 1651 wli-

sad miiCnia da rusT xelmwifis mier imereTis mefisaTvis gagzavni-

lad gamoacxada (tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika,

gv. 132-133), aramarTebulad momaCnia. ase rom yofiliyo rusi dip-

lomatebi maSinve aRniSnavdnen Teimuraz mefis pretenziebis usa-

fuZvlobas. 1 maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv 451. bolo, citirebuli fraza g. pai-

WaZis publikaciaSi ar aris. 2 paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 465-466.

473

fisaTvis sruliad naTeli Seiqmneboda, rom misi moskovSi

Camosvla uSedegod damTavrda. savaraudoa, Teimurazis sau-

bari diakTan ise mSvidobianad ar dasrulda, rogorc am

ukanasknels amis warmoCena undoda. amgvari fiqris safuZ-

vels iZleva meore dRes, 22 seqtembers, boiari Tavadi aleq-

si nikitas Ze trubeckoi, okolniCi bogdan matveis Ze xit-

rovo da saTaTbiros diaki larion lopuxini (albaT es is

`diaki~ iyo, romelmac wina dRes xelmwifis sityvierad da-

nabarebi Teimurazs gadasca) Teimuraz mefis karze (двор) mi-vidnen da ukmayofilo mefisaTvis im mizezebis axsna sca-

des, romelTa gamoc moskovs ar SeeZlo qarTveli mefisaT-

vis imgvari daxmareba gaewia, rogorsac is iTxovda.

mas Semdeg rac, stumrebma Teimuraz mefes xelmwifis

mokiTxva gadasces, man Tavisi kariskacebi meore balaxinSi

gauSva da molaparakeba gaagrZela.

aleqsi nikitas Ze trubeckoim Teimuraz mefes moaxse-

na, rom xelmwife jars imitom ver aZlevda, rom omi hqonda

SvedebTan (1656-1658) da polonelebTan (1658-1667). saxelmwi-

fo jaris didi nawili Cayenebulia sazRvrebze. miuxedavad

imisa, rom Teimuraz daviTis Ze mtrisagan did gasaWirSi im-

yofeba, Tavis saqarTveloSi unda dabrundes da imefos. `rodasac mefis udidebulesoba mters gauswordeba, Sens mtrebisgan daCagrvasa da gapartaxebas ar inebebs da Tavis saxelmwifo jars SenTan, Teimuraz daviTis ZesTan gamog-zavnis~. Teimurazs xelmwifis mowyalebaSi eWvi ar unda Se-

eparos. axla ki, rogorc trubeckoim Tqva, xelmwifem brZa-

na mas Tavisi xazinidan misces fuli _ 6 aTasi rubli da

siasamuris bewvi _ 3 aTasi rublis Rirebulebis.

`Canawerebis~ mixedviT, nawyenma Teimuraz mefem pirda-

pir ganacxada: ìgi fiqrobda, rom didi xelmwifisagan wya-

loba da mtrebisagan dacva eqneboda, amisaTvis miiswrafoda

misi mefuri udidebulesobisaken, axla ki, misi mefuri udi-

debulesoba mas, Tavis qveSevrdoms, Tavis miwawyalze cari-

els uSvebs. igi mis mefur mowyalebasTan misi mefuri udi-

debulesobis brZanebiT Camovida. xelmwifes rom miewera,

rom misi mTeli jari didi xelmwifis samsaxurSi imyofebo-

474

da da scodnoda, rom mefis udidebulesoba mas dasacavad

jars ar miscemda, is Tavisi qveynidan ar wamovidoda~1.

rusuli mxare iZulebuli iyo Tavi daecva Teimuraz

mefis mier wayenebuli braldebisagan: rodesac xelmwifem

moskovSi mogiwvia maSin jer kidev omi ar iyoo. ra Tqma un-

da rusi diplomati cruobda. SeiZleba gavixsenoT, rom 1656

w. 6 marts moskovSi Cavida Teimuraz mefis elCoba dimitri

ezekielis Ze areSiZis da aznauri biZina daviTis Zis meTau-

robiT. 18 aprils audienciis dros elCebma xelmwifes ga-

dasces Teimuraz mefis werili, romliTac igi acnobebda

Tavis survils moskovSi Casvlis Sesaxeb. xelmwifis brZane-

biT, miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTi omSi iyo Cabmuli2, daiw-

yo mzadeba qarTveli mefis moskovSi misaRebad. maSasadame,

maSin, rodesac Teimurazs moskovSi iwvevdnen ruseTis sa-

xelmwifo karga xnis Cabmuli iyo omSi da araviTari gan-

zraxva ar hqondaT, dapirebis miuxedavad (SviliSvils Tu

moskovSi gamogzavni, aucileblad dagexmarebiTo _ swer-

dnen Teimurazs moskovidan), saqarTvelosaTvis samxedro

daxmareba gaewiaT. gamodis, rom Teimurazis moskovSi Cayva-

niT xelmwifis kars ruseTis saerTaSoriso avtoritetis

amaRleba undoda. magram Teimurazis pirdapirobam da prin-

cipulobam ruseTis xelisufleba sakmaod uxerxul mdgoma-

reobaSi Caayena.

samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom Teimuraz me-

fisaTvis 1655 wlidan cnobili iyo ruseT-reC pospolitis

omis Sesaxeb da ruseTidan mosul werilebSi Teimurazis

Txovnaze samxedro daxmarebis gamogzavnaze, yovelTvis er-

1 maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv 452. 2 am dros jer kidev ar iyo damTavrebuli ruseT - reC pospoli-

tis omi (1654-1656). igi damTavrda 1656 wlis Semodgomaze. isic un-

da aRiniSnos, rom imave wels ruseTi emzadeboda da daiwyo kidec

omi SvedeTTan, romelic mimdinareobda 1658 wlamde. amave wels

daiwyo ruseT-reC pospolitis axali omi, romelic mxolod 1667

wels dasrulda.

475

Tsa da igive pasuxs iRebda: omis damTavrebis Semdeg mosko-

vi qarTvelebs bedis anabara ar dastovebda.

maS ratom, risi imediT wavida Teimurazi moskovSi? mis

mdgomareobaSi myofi adamianisagan, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis

temperamentsa da Seupovrobasac, ra Tqma unda, mosalodneli

iyo riskiani moqmedeba,. rogorc Cans, is varaudobda, rom

moskovSi Casuls uars veRar etyodnen misTvis sasurveli sa-

xiT daxmarebaze, magram motyuvda. misma arc erTma argumen-

tma ruseTis mTavrobaze ar imoqmeda.

Teimuraz mefe ukmayofilo iyo materialuri daxmare-

bis im raodenobiTac, rasac xelmwife sTavazobda: àxla

xelmwifis im mowyalebas rom miiRebs (Teimurazi _e.m.), Ta-

visi sulis mosaxseneblad samRvdeloebas daurigebs, es

ajobebs Tavis miwa-wyalze dabrunebas da iq urjuloTa

xelSi Cavardnas. muslmanebisa da Tavis mtrebis mier gamo-

Zevebuli mefe Teimurazi did xelmwifesTan modioda... roca

Turqebma, yizilbaSebma da mTielma Cerqezebma es giages,

yvela SeSinda, rom moskovis didi xelmwife mokavSirea mar-

Tlmadidebluri qristianobisa da misi mefe Teimurazis

muslimanebisagan dacva unda. im gzebze, romlebiTac mas

(Teimurazs _e.m.) unda emogzaura, mTieli Cerqezebi Causaf-

rdnen da misi gatareba ar undodaT... mebrZolebi moukles

da TviTonac Zlivs gadarCa... axla misi (moskovSi _e.m.) Ca-

mosvlasa da Txovnas fasi aRar aqvs. moRalateebi da mTie-

li Cerqezebi dascineben, sabolood gaanadgureben da Tavi-

si qristianuli sulis daRupvasa da urwmunoTa xelSi Ca-

vardnas, urCevnia aq qristianul sarwmunoebaSi mokvdes. ri-

RasTvis Cavides Tavis qveyanaSi... mtrebi da muslimanebi Ta-

vis miwa-wylamde mainc ar miuSveben, mas, marTlmadidebel

qristian mefes daRupaven da mis modgmasa da marTlmadideb-

lur qristianul sarwmunoebas amoagdeben. samarTlianobaa

saWiro da marTlmadidebluri qristianuli sarwmunoebi-

saTvis muslimanTa winaaRmdeg uSiSrad dgoma. igi, mefe Tei-

murazi, Tavis patara saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebluri

qristianuli rwmenisaTvis Turqisa da yizilbaSis winaaR-

mdeg idga da ibrZoda, ar uSindeboda uamrav muslimanTa

jars. radganac misi xelmwifuri nebaa, rom mis (Teimurazis

476

_e.m.) mefur udidebulesobas mtrebisagan dasacavad Tavisi

saxelmwifo jari ar misces, radgan saxelmwifo jari Tvi-

Ton sWirdeba. xelmwifis udidebulesobas misma kariskaceb-

ma moaxsenon, rom didma xelmwifem inebos misi qveSevrdomi

misma saxelmwifo jarma gaacilos~1.

is rac Teimurazma iTxova, saqarTvelos sazRvramde

xelmwifis jariT gacilebis Sesaxeb, rogorc aRmoCnda, am-

gvari RonisZieba xelmwifesac dagegmili hqonda. ufro me-

tic, Teimurazs ar uTxovia, magram xelmwife hpirdeboda,

rom Sah abass II-s miwerda, SeiaraRebuli ZaliT saqarTve-

los ar dasxmoda, da Teimuraz mefes ramenairad ecxovra

Tavis qveyanaSi. xelmwife ki, momavalSi mis dasacavad jars

gagzavnis, ase rom Teimurazs xelmwifis mowyalebaSi eWvi

ar unda Seeparos.

Teimuraz mefes, gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, sruli

ufleba hqonda xelmwifis dapirebebi ar daejerebina da man

pirdapir ganacxada: `mefis udidebulesobam winaTic miswera

Sahs misi, Teimurazis Sesaxeb, rom xelmwifis Txovnis Sesaw-

ynareblad saqarTveloze ar gaelaSqra da misi miwa-wyali

ar gaenadgurebina. magram Sah abasma misi miwa-wyali gaanad-

gura da TviT Teimuraz mefec Tavis qveynidan gaaZeva. Tvi-

Ton Teimuraz mefe rom medgrad ar idges Sahis winaaRmdeg

da Tavis qveyanas ar icavdes, igi didi xania mis qveyanas gaa-

nadgurebda~. amis Tqmis Semdeg Teimuraz mefem xelmwifis ka-

riskacebi gaamxneva: Cemi naTqvamis gamo Zalian nu danaRvli-

andebiTo, adga da Tavis `boirebTan~ mosaTaTbireblad meore

balaxanSi gavida.

mefe male dabrunda, Tavis adgilze dajda, misi `boia-

rebic~ Semovidnen. pirveli rac Teimurazma trubeckois

hkiTxa, iyo Semdegi: mas ramdeni meomriT da sadamde gaaci-

lebdnen, razec upasuxes, rom mas da mis amalas jer astra-

xanamde, astraxanidan Tergamde gemebiT SeiraRebul raz-

1 maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv 452-453; paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 467-

468.

477

mTan erTad Caiyvandnen, Tergidan ki gamcileblebs gaayo-

lebdnen1, iqamde, sadamdisac saWiro iqneboda2.

Teimuraz mefes, bunebriva, ar awyobda amgvari bundo-

vani dapireba da moiTxova TuSeTamde 7 aTasi cxenosani da

1000 qveiTi3, 5-6 mcire qvemexi ki saqarTvelos SigniT mtre-

bisagan dasacavad, manamde, vidre didi xelmwife inebebs.

sxvagvarad is ver SeZlebda kavkasionis mTaze gadasvlas da

mtrebisa da gamyidvelebis gamo saqarTveloSi cxovrebas.

trubeckoi Teimurazs Sepirda, rom mis moTxovnebs

xelmwifes moaxsenebda4.

T. tivaZis mier moZiebuli dokumentidan Cans, rom

xelmwifem Teimuraz mefis Txovna ar Seiwynara. yazanidan

Teimurazi xelmwifes werda: `...me, Seni yma, iveriis miwa-

wylis mefe Teimurazi Seni udidebulesobis taxts veaxeli

da mciredi daxmareba gTxove jaris saxiT, rom Cemi sam-

Soblo damebrunebina imitom, rom yvelaze Sesaferisi dro

iyo Cems dasaxmareblad. amitom vTxov Sens mefur udidebu-

lesobas da qeds vixri, moiReé mowyaleba, radgan SemTxveva

mogeca Cems dasaxmareblad da ar damexmare jariT, is mainc

gamikeTe, rom sityviT Semewio, gagzavne sparselTan, e. i.

SahTan kargi elCi... iqneb RmerTma qnas, Sahma Seisminos Seni

mefuri udidebulesobis sityva da aRar Semawuxos~5.

1660 wels moskovSi gagzavnil werilSi Teimurazi Cio-

da, rom astraxanidan mas mcire gamcileblebi gaayoles. amis

gamo iyo, rom Cerqezebma da yumixebma gamZarcveso6.

1 maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv 453-454. 2 paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 467-468. 3 qveiTi weria g. paiWaZis publikaciaSi, gv. 468. 4 maWaraZe v., dasax. naSr., gv. 454; paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 468-469; 5 T. tivaZe dasax. naSr., gv. 137. 6 Акты исторические, собранные и изданные археографической комиссией. Серия документов по истории России, изданная Археографической комиссией, т. I, СПб., 1843, с. 291.

478

1658 wlis seqtembris bolos1 an oqtomberSi2 Teimuraz

mefem dastova moskovi da samSoblosken gamoeSura. rogorc

irkveva, Teimurazs undoda moskovidan wamoeyvana rZali,

erekles deda elene, xolo erekle xelmwifis karze daeto-

vebina, magram elenem SvilTan darCena arCia3.

1659 wlis maisSi Teimurazma yazanidan xelmwifes mis-

wera: `Sens mefur udidebulesobas vTxov mowyaleba moiRos

da radganac iyo SemTxveva da ar damexmare jariT, gTxovT

sityviT damexmaro, gaagzavne kargi elCi sparselTan, ese

igi SahTan da Sens elCs daabare: `CemTan movida qristiani

mefe da mTxova, rom Sen is ar Seawuxo~. Senma udidebule-

sobam Sen elCs daabare agreTve: `Tu Sen ginda Cemi siyvaru-

li gqondes, ar eomo mefe Teimurazs, daubrune misi saxel-

mwifo da ar Seawuxo, is TviTon movida CemTan siyvarulisa

da ara omisaTvis~4.

5 ivniss, moskovisken mimavalma imereTis mefe aleq-

sandre III-is elCebma saratovSi Teimurazs SviliSvilis,

luarsabis sikvdili acnobes5. 1659 wlis 18 seqtembrs Teimu-

razma saratovidan werili gaugzavna xelmwifes, mefobisaT-

vis gamiznuli luarsabis gardacvaleba acnoba da erekle

ufliswulis saqarTveloSi gaSveba sTxova. imave dros Tei-

murazi xelmwifes swerda, rom radgan TviTon da dedofa-

1 Дворцовые разряды, III, с. 514. 2 paiWaZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 467-468. 3 saiTiZe g., masalebi saqarTvelo-ruseTis diplomatiuri urTier-

Tobis istoriisaTvis (XVII saukunis 50-iani wlebi). `qarTuli dip-

limatia~, weliwdeuli, 5, Tb., 1998, gv. 145. 4 Переписка, с. 80. 5 Mmohamed Taheris mixedviT, luarsabma, Teimurazis ruseTSi yofnis

dros, imereTis mefe àleqsandre-xanis daxmarebis [imediT], ganizraxa

Cxubi da areuloba moexdina…(yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg _ e. m.). am fu-

Wi ganzraxvis saubedurod, mas swored im dReebSi ewvia yvavil-bato-

nebis Seubralebeli laSqari. mTeli taniT dawylulebuli, is da-

Rupvisa da mospobis sadgomSi gadasaxlda. `Teimurazis SviliSvili

mokvda~M(mohamed Taheri, gv. 390). Teimuraz mefis mier moskovSi xel-

mwifisaTvis gagzavnil sigelSi naTqvamia, rom luarsabi 1659 w. 1 Te-

bervals gardaicvala (saiTiZe g., dasax. naSr., gv.145).

479

li xoreSani moxucdnen, ganzraxuli hqondaT berad Sedgo-

ma. amave sigelSi vxvdebiT erT saintereso cnobasac. ro-

gorc Teimurazi xelmwifes swers, mas ierusalimis pat-

riarq paisiosisTvis uTxovia xelmwifis winaSe Suam-

dgomloba saqarTvelos dasacavad.

sainteresoa, rogor viTarebaSi da rodis SeiZleboda

Teimurazs ierusalimis patriarqisaTvis daxmareba eTxova.

1658 wlis ivlisSi patriarqi paisiosi da misi diakvani, mo-

mavali patriarqi dosiTeos II, mowyalebis mosakrebad da-

savleT saqarTveloSi Camovidnen1. am dros Teimuraz I sa-

qarTveloSi ar iyo. rogorc iTqva, 1657 wlis zafxulSi Te-

imuraz mefe ruseTs gaemgzavra. 1658 wlis 20 ivniss ukve

moskovSi imyofeboda. sigelidan Cans, rom luarsabi 1659 w.

1 Tebervals gardaicvala. radgan patriaqi paisiosi 1659

wlis martis bolomde saqarTveloSi imyofeboda, savsebiT

mosalodnelia, rom igi ufliswuli luarsabis dakrZalvas

daeswro kidec. luarsabis sikvdilis Semdeg unda gaCenoda

azri imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-s (luarsabis gardacva-

leba Teimurazma jer ar icoda), ruseTis xelmwifisTvis

eTxova, ra Tqma unda, TeimurazTan SeTanxmebiT, ufliswuli

erekles saqarTveloSi gasamefeblad gamoSveba.

aleqsandre III-m am mniSvnelovan saqmeSi CarTo ierusa-

limis patriarqi paisiosic, romelic ierusalimis sxva pat-

riarqebis msgavsad, kmayofili iyo saqarTvelodan waRebu-

li mowyalebiTa da SesawiravebiT2. aleqsandrem patriarqs

Teimurazisa da Tavisi saxeliT sTxova, moskovSi wasuliyo

da qarTveli mefeebis gaWirvebis aRmosafxvrelad xelmwi-

fesTan eSuamdgomla.

patriarqs yuraduRia qarTveli mefeebis Txovna da

ruseTSi wasvla ganuzraxavs, magram, rogorc Teimurazi

sxva, 1660 wlis 12 aprilis sigeliT xelmwifes acnobebda,

patriarqi q. kafaSi yirimis xanma gaZarcva da moskovisken


riidan, gv. 55-58. 2 dawvr. ix. iqve, gv. 37-58.

480

ar gauSva. patriarqi iZulebuli gaxda ierusalimSi gabru-

nebuliyo1, magram iqamde ver miaRwia. igi, 1660 wlis 2 dekem-

bers, arqipelagis kunZul kastelrosoze gardaicvala da

iqve dakrZales.

es yvelaferi TeimurazisaTvis cnobili iyo aleq-

sandre mefis elCis wyalobiT, romelic imereTis mefem mos-

kovs mimaval patriarqs gaayola (SeiZleba piriqiTac iyo: Ta-

vis elCs patriarqi gaayola). imerTa mefis elCma, savarau-

doa, yirimidan gza gaagrZela da saratovSi Teimuraz mefes

yvelferi acnoba. Teimurazis mier xelmwifisaTvis gagzavni-

li 1659 wlis 18 seqtembris sigeli amis Semdeg daiwera.

xelmwife aleqsi mixeilisZem dainaxa rom Teimurazs

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi araviTari perspeqtiva hqonda,

arc erekle ufliswulis ruseTis politikuri miznebisaT-

vis saqarTveloSi gamoyeneba moxerxdeboda. naTeli Seiqmna,

rom erekles moskovSi yolas azri aRar hqonda. man Teimu-

razis Txovna daakmayofila. ufliswul nikolozisa da sa-

qarTvelos mimarT Tavisi Semdgomi damokidebulebis Sesa-

xeb mosazrebebi xelmwifem TeimurazisaTvis gagzavnil 1660

wlis 8 maisis sigelSi Camoayaliba. man imedi gamosTqva, rom ufliswulis samSobloSi gaSvebiT saqarTvelo-ruse-Tis urTierToba ar dazaraldeboda2.

1 saiTiZe g., dasax. naSromi, gv, 142. 2 iqve, gv. 144-147.

481

XIV. aRsasruli 1659 wlis dasasruls imereTSi dabrunebul Teimuraz

mefes dedofali xoreSani gardacvlili daxvda. Semdeg,

1660 wels, misi siZe aleqsandre mesamec gardaicvala. 1661

wels, xangrZlivi brZoliT moRlili Teimurazi berad

aRikveca. dasavleT saqarTveloSi feodaluri Sinaomi daiw-

yo, romelSic rostom mefis memkvidre vaxtang V Sahnavazi

Caeria. misma jarma skandes cixeSi Teimuraz mefe Seipyro

da TbilisSi waiyvana.

mohamed Taheris gadmocemiT, rodesc Sahma gaigo Tei-

murazis datyvevebis ambavi, man maSinve Teimurazis sapar-

seTSi Casayvanad SahnavazTan kaci gagzavna. am ukanasknelma,

`Tanaxmad brZanebis, giv-beg (amilaxvari _e. m.), TavadebTan

da aznaurebTan erTad, xsenebuls (Teimurazs_e.m.) gaayola

da isini maRal karze gagzavna~1. rogorc n. berZeniSvili

aRniSnavda, ès iranis didi gamarjveba iyo. mters damor-

Cilda sparsel dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg ormocdaaTwlova-

ni brZolis mesaWe. sagareo politikis TvalsazrisiTac ru-

seTis Tavdadebuli momxris Sahisadmi damorCileba iranis

didi warmateba iyo. amdenadve es iyo amierkavkasiaSi mosko-

vis mefis sagareo politikis marcxi~2.

mohamed Taheris TqmiT, Teimurazi isfahanSi didi zei-

miT miiyvanes da sasaxleSi daabinaves. imave Rames Teimu-

razs Sah abas II ewvia. mefes da mis amalas did pativSi am-

yofebdnen. Sahis keTilad mopyrobam Teuimurazs Tavis same-

foSi dabrunebis imedi Causaxa. `roca SahTan iyo, umdable-

sad iTxova, rom ruseTis valis saxelze gamocemuliyo uav-

gustoesi werili misi (Teimurazis) SviliSvilis erekle-

mirzas, romelic ruseTSi imyofeboda, gamowvevis Sesaxeb,

1 mohamed Taheri, gv. 397 2 berZeniSvili n., javaxiSvili iv., janaSia s., saqarTvelos isto-

ria, naw. I, uZvelesi droidan XIX saukunis damdegamde, T,., 1946, gv.

351.

482

da Tu erekle-mirza... movidoda Sahis karze, maSin misTvis

eboZebinaT mefoba samkvidro mamulSi. xsenebuli Txovna mi-

Rebuli iqna im pirobiT, rom erekle-mirza movidoda umaR-

les karze. imave dRes erekle-mirza, mieRo ra rusTa xel-

mwifisagan wasvlis nebarTva, ubeduri da avismqneli yaCaRe-

bis TuSebis mier Secdenili, daRistnis gziT saqarTveloSi

iyo wamosuli~1.

Sahs mSvenieri SesaZlebloba mieca, Teimurazis iranSi

yofna erekle batoniSvilis xelSi Casagdabad gamoeyenebina.

savaraudoa, ruseTTan urTierTobis uperspeqtivobaSi dar-

wmunebuli Teimurazic erekles iranSi SahTan misvlis mom-

xre iyo da am gziT kaxeTis an qarTlis, an orives daepat-

roneboda. Teimurazma, rogorc mohamed Taheri gadmogvcems,

ereklesaTvis rayamis gagzavna da Sahis karze mowveva iTxo-

va. ereklem es winadadeba ar miiRo da, rogorc Sahis isto-

rikosi wers, kaxeTi vaxtang V-is vaJs arCils uboZes2.

Teimurazi iranSi Tavisi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb gad-

mogvcems 1661 wlis 3 dekembers, moskovSi gagzavnil weril-

Si. Cans, mas SiSi hqonda, rom Sahi ar apatiebda iranis wina-

aRmdeg SeiaraRebul da politokur brZolas. Teimurazi

ruseTis xelmwifes sTxovs uSuamdgomlos Sahis winaSe, ra-

Ta man ar moklas igi da kaxeTSi gauSvas.

Teimurazis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli cno-

bebi gagvaCnia. sparseli istorikosiMmohamed Taheri Teimu-

razis bunebriv sikvdilze gvamcnobs: janmrTeloba Seryeu-

li Teimurazi Sahis brZanebiT asTrabads unda wasuliyo da

iq dalodeboda. roca Sahi iq mivida Teimurazi ukve gar-

dacvlili iyo3.

n. nakaSiZe wyaroze miTiTebis gareSe werda, rom Sah

abas II-m Tavdapirvelad Teimurazi kargad miiRo, magram er-

Txelac sufrasTan yofnisas islamis miReba mosTxova, rac

1 mohamed Taheri, gv. 398. 2 iqve, gv. 398-399. 3 iqve, gv. 403.

483

mefem uaryo. ganrisxebulma Sahma Teimurazs saxeSi Rvino

Seasxa da misi astrabadis cixeSi Camwyvdeva brZana. 1663

wlis zamTarSi 74 wlisa gardaicvala1.

rusul masalebSi Teimurazis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb

aris aseTi cnoba: 1663 wlis 30 noembers SemaxaSi misul

qarTvel abram ivanovs, romelic moskovSi ufliswuli

erekles meriqife iyo, uTqvams: Teimurazi, rogorc ki dab-

runda imereTSi `Tbilisis Sahnavaz xanma daiWira TavisTan

sam Tvemde. amasobaSi macned Sikriki gagzavna SahTan, Sahma

ki misi (Teimurazis _ T. t.) TavisTan gagzavna brZana. igi,

mefe Teimurazi, xelmwifev, ispaanSi or wlamde cxovrobda

da amboben, rom igi mowamles~2.

Sahnavazma da kaxelebma Teimuraz mefe iranidan gad-

moasvenes da alaverdis taZarSi dakrZales3.

* * *

XVII saukunis qarTuli politikuri asparezidan wavida

saocrad energiuli da Seupovari, mamaci da moqnili, pirda-

piri, mizanswrafuli da daundobeli Teimuraz mefe. igi yo-

velTvis amJRavnebda moqnili diplomatisaTvis damaxasiaTe-

bel partniorze zemoqmedebisa da Tavisi zraxvebis SeniR-

bvis unars, SeeZlo Seesrulebina gulubryvilo mefis roli,

romelsac TiTqos ar Seswevda unari gaeTvaliswinebina, uf-

ro metic, ise ar moqceuliyo, rogorc Tavisi diplomatebi

da kariskacebi urCevdnen da emoqmeda Tavisi survilis wina-

aRmdegac ki. Teimuraz mefe, zogjer, roca saWiro iyo, arc

WeSmariti faqtebis gayalbebas, gaubraloebas an gazviadebas

1 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 190. 2 tivaZe T., saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-iranis politikur urTi-

erTobaSi XVII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. qarTuli samefoebis saga-

reo politikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973, gv. 42. 3 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд, с. 190.

484

erideboda. SeeZlo moxerxebulad, moCvenebiT Seecvala pozi-

cia da igi Seexamebina Zlieri politikuri partnior-oponen-

tis interesebisaTvis. igi iyo qarTul obieqtur sinamdvile-

Si Camoyalibebuli da nawrTobi moRvawe, romliTac makiave-

lic ki aRfrTovandeboda.

adarebda ra erTmaneTs Teimuraz da rostom mefeebis

damsaxurebas qveynis winaSe, iv. javaxiSvili werda: àmgva-

rad, brmisaTvisac cxadi unda gamxdariyo, rom Teimuraz me-

fis batonoba aRmosavleTi saqarTvelos damoukideblobasa

da maincdamainc damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwiruls brZo-

las moaswavebda. rostomis mefoba ki Cveni qveynis monobisa

da sparsTa batonobis momavlinebeli iyo~1.

Teimuraz mefis msgavsi sxva moRvawe iSviaTad (SeiZle-

ba arc) moiZebneba saqarTvelos istoriaSi. Mmisi salocavi

samSoblo da sarwmunoeba iyo. mas mtrebma jojoxeTuri sa-

tanjvliTac ki ver daaTmobines verc erTi da verc meore.

samSoblosa da sarwmunoebas Seswira da maTTvis gaswira

yvela visi samsxverploze mitanac ki SeiZleboda. mis Tavga-

dasavalSi aisaxa XVII s. pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos

tragedia.

Teimuraz mefis damsaxureba saqarTvelos winaSe mdgoma-

reobs imaSi, rom man yovelgvar Rones mimarTa samSoblos ga-

dasarCenad. man Tavdapirvelad iranTan sakiTxis mogvareba

mSvidobianad scada, magram Sah abas I-is politika miznad isa-

xavda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos srul damorCilebasa da gada-

Senebas. iranis agresiis ganeitralebis mizniT Teimurazma mi-

marTa yvela saxelmwifos, romelsac misi azriT, SeeZlo dax-

mareboda saprseTisagan Tavis dasaxsnelad. zogi mkvlevari

Teimurazs uwunebs ararealuri sagareo politikis gatarebas,

TiTqos mas, maSindeli saerTaSoriso viTarebis sworad gaT-

valiswinebiT, osmaleTis, espaneTis, romis papisa da ruseTis

imedi ar unda hqonoda. magram Teimurazi umciresi Sansis ga-

moyenebasac ki cdilobda antiiranuld ganwyobili mokavSi-

1 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, 1967, gv. 369.

485

ris mosapoveblad. is mkvlevrebi, romlebic Teimurazis saSi-

nao da sagareo politikas, mis diplomatias iwuneben, dRevan-

deli gadasaxedidanac ki ver amboben, rogor unda moqceuli-

yo Teimuraz mefe, rom qveyana im mdgomareobaSi ar aRmoCeni-

liyo, rogoric misi mefobis dros Seiqmna. mgonia, Teimuraz

mefes unda gaekeTebina is rac gaakeTa.

misma Seudrekelma brZolam iranis winaaRmdeg, Sahis ka-

ri aiZula xeli aeRo qarTvelebis gasparsebasa da gamusli-

manebaze. zogierTi mkvlevris sapirispirod unda iTqvas, rom

Teimuraz mefis Seupovari brZola yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg

ar iyo politikuri an piradi WirveulobiTa da axirebiT

ganpirobebuli. Teimurazs kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli is

safrTxe rasac irani aRmosavleT saqarTvelos uqadda. vime-

oreb, man gaakeTa yovelive is, razec xeli miuwvdeboda da

gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom man zneobrivad gaimar-

jva. rom ara misi SeiaraRebuli da politikur-diplomatiu-

ri brZola, iranis Sahebis saqarTvelos gadagvareba-gadaSe-

nebis politika gaimarjvebda.

qarTveli xalxis brZolam mefe Teimuraz I-is meTau-

robiT saqarTvelo dRupvisagan ixsna.

* * *

Teimuraz I-ze saubris dasasruls, SeiZleba gavixse-

noT TanamedroveTa mier datovebuli misi daxasiaTebebi.

miqele mosko, romelic misionerTa cnobebs emyarebo-

da, papisaTvis wardgenil moxsenebaSi _ `cnobebi Teimuraz-

ze da saqarTveloze~, 1628 wels swerda: ìberiis axlande-

li mefe daaxloebiT 34 wlisaa, tanad ramdenadme dabali,

magram mSvenivrad Camosxmuli agebulebisaa. coliania, hyavs

sami Svili: ori vaJi da erTi qaliSvili. saxeli, romelic

man naTlobisas miiRo, iyo Teofile~1.


486

imave `cnobebSi~, mosko erTxel kidev iZleva Teimura-

zis SedarebiT srul daxasiaTebas: `Teofile mefe keTili

bunebis adamiania. mmarTvelobaSi _ metad Tavaziani, gulke-

Tili da liberali, xSirad marto puriTa da wyliT marxu-

lobs. iZinebs xmel taxtze, adre dgeba, raTa yoveldRe

ilocos, wirva moisminos da zogierTi sulieri varjiSi Se-

asrulos. igi uyvarT da mas pativs scemen ara marto qar-

Tvelebi, aramed ucxoelebic, kerZod, iq mcxovrebi Cerqeze-

bi, romlebsac qarTvelebi urCeven qristianobis miRebas~1.

patrebis gadmocemiT, 1629 wels, roca maT Teimurazi

inaxules, maSin igi 38-40 wlisa 50 wlis kacis STabeWdile-

bas axdenda. mas hqonda mowiTalo Tvalebi, grZeli, moRunu-

li cxviri, iyo saSualoze maRali, gamxdari, gaZvaltyavebu-

li taniT, saxeze naoWebiT, magram saerTod, sasiamovno saxe

hqonda, urTierTobaSi iyo momxibvleli, didi Wkua-gonebis,

icoda enebi: garda qarTulisa, sparsuli, Turquli da ber-

Znuli. araCveulebrivad kargad laparakobda qarTulad, Za-

lian kargad icoda saRvTo werilebi, wminda mamebis Semoq-

medeba. iyo RvTismosavi da RvTismoSiSi. SesaniSnevad

flobda saero sityvebs, iyo didi poeti. kargi mxedaTmTava-

ri, mamacobiT saxelganTqmuli, omSi Tavzardamcemi2.

rusebis aRwerilobiT, 1639 wels 50 wlis Teimurazi

iyo saSualo tanis, warmosadegi, nayvavilari TeTri saxiT,

Savi SekreWili da SeRebili wveriT, gadaparsuli TaviT,

welSi moxrili, mxarbeWiani, Tvalebi nacrisferi, xelis

frCxilebi SeRebili hqonda3.

1 iqve, gv. 250. 2 TarxniSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 374. 3 Полиевктов М., Ук. труд, с. 262.

487

nawili II

488

I. rostom mefis sagareo politika da diplomatia

rostomi (xosro-mirza, qaixosro batoniSvili) daviT

XI-is (daud-xanis) ukanono Svili (eyola wavkiseli glexis

qalisagan). rostomi ispaanSi daibada daaxloebiT 1565

wels, iqve izrdeboda, Tavidanve muslimani da gasparsele-

buli iyo. miuxedavad amisa, man kargad icoda qarTuli ena

da kargad erkveoda saqarTvelos saqmeebSi.

rostomis cxovrebis garkveuli periodebis Sesaxeb

cnobebs vxvdebiT missave 1648 wlis sigelSi, romelic iwyeba

Semdegi sityvebiT: àw daviwyoT ambavisa C~nisa mboba~.

rostomma Tavis sigelSi yuradReba gaamaxvila iseT mo-

mentebze, romlebic mas mkiTxvelis winaSe dadebiT pirovne-

bad warmoaCenda. man gverdi auara Tavisi cxovrebis mTel

rig usiamovno, magram umniSvnelovanes momentebs, romlebis

aRdgena, zogjer, sxva wyaroebiT xerxdeba.

rostomi Tavis samoRvaweo asparezze gamosvlasTan

dakavSirebiT gvamcnobs, rom igi, e. i. xosro-mirza, rodesac

Sah abas I-s mihgvares, man igi, rogorc mefeTa Camomavali

pativiT `gamozarda~. sainteresoa, rom rostomi arafers

ambobs giorgi saakaZis damsaxurebaze iranis elitarul sa-

zogadoebaSi misi Seyvanis Sesaxeb. vaxuSti batoniSvili-

saTvis ki yovelive es cnobili iyo. roca igi xosro mirzas

marabdis brZolaSi qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg monawileobaze

gadmogvcems, aRniSnavs: `xolo ese xosro-mirza iyo Ze da-

ud-xanisa, naSobi xarWisagan ispahans yofasa Sina da mie-

riTgan iyo upatiod da upovar friad; da odes iyo mouravi

mun, movida darbazobad xosro-mirza mouravisa Tana, ra

ixila mouravman, miegeba da dasua adgils TÂssa zeda da

TÂT daujda Sores. Amis mxilvelTa yizilbaSTa hkiTxes mo-

uravsa vinaoba misi. xolo etyoda igi maT Zed patronisad

TÂsisad~1.

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 432-433.

489

vaxuSti batoniSvili giorgi saakaZis mier xosro

mirzasadmi yuradRebis gamomJRavnebas Semdegnairad afasebs:

àramed ese ara hyo mouravman siyuaruliTa patronisaTa,

garna raTa aRudginos luarsab mefesa metoqi~1. e. i. giorgi

saakaZes xosro-mirza qarTlis mefe luarsab II-sTan dasapi-

rispireblad gamoiyena.

saxelganTqmuli giorgi saakaZis mier xosro-mirzas

Tavisi batonis, yofili qarTlis gamgeblis, daud-xanis (da-

viT X) Zed gamocxadeba, ra Tqma unda, udidesi pativi iyo

gaWirvebaSi mcxovrebi xosro-mirzasaTvis. rodesac Ees

ambavi acnobes Sah abass, man xosro TavisTan daiaxlova. ra

Tqma unda, igi SemTxvevas xelidan ar gauSvebda da xosro-

mirzas saqarTveloSi Tavisi politikuri miznebisaTvis ga-

moiyenebda. rodesac xosro davaJkacda da Sahis samsaxurSi

Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc TviTonve gvamcnobs, Sahma SviliviT

Seiyvara da yularaRasoba (`maSin iyo yulT jari qar-

TuÀliSvili bednierisa yaenisa masaxelebeli. sadac gua-

sardris da gagugzavnis gamarjuadac guasardris da ga-

gugzavnis gamarjuÀbulni da pirnaTelni movidiT. Mravali

saxeli da gamarjuÀba gvinaxis. Aase ewada rome samsaxurisa

C~nisa samuqfod bevri kargi eqna da ufro sidide moemate-

bina~) uboZa2.

xosros (rostomis) Zma bagratic Sah abasis samsaxurSi

iyo da warmatebebic hqonda.

xosro-mirzam Sahis samsaxurSi gonierebiTa da simama-

ciT Tavi gamoiCina da male dawinaurda kidec. igi gaxda

jer Sahis gvardiis, yulis sardali, Semdeg iranis yulara-

Rasi da ispaanis mouravi. Sah abasis sikvdilis Semdeg mTe-

li xelisufleba xosro-mirzas xelSi gadavida. man SeZlo

taxtze aeyvana Sah abasis SviliSvili sefi-mirza. ukve

iTqva, rom arsebobda abasis vaJi, romelic imamyuli-xanis

saxlSi izrdeboda. mas mxars uWerdnen iranSi mcxovrebi

1 iqve, gv. 433. 2 qronikebi, II, gv. 461.

490

qarTvelebi da adgilobrivi didkacobis mniSvnelovani na-

wili. swored am dros gamoCnda xosro-mirzas didi gavlena

da moxerxebuloba. man taxtze aiyvana sefi-mirza. amis

Semdeg xosro-mirzas avtoriteti Sahis karze ganuzomlad

gaizarda.

Sah abasma saqarTveloSi bolo, meoTxe Semosevis

Semdeg, aoxrebuli kaxeTi orad gayo: md. ioris aRmosavle-

Ti mxare ganjis mmarTvel feiqar-xans Caabara, dasavleTi

ki rostomis Zmas, qarTlis mmarTvel bagrat-xans (bagrat

VII, 1615-1619). ìs yizilbaSTa Soris aRizarda, sibrZnesa da

mecnierebaSi ganswavluli iyo~1. qarTveli istorikosis da-

xasiTebiT, `dajda qarTlsa bagrat, romeli gardaqceuliyo

sjulsa mahmadisasa, da arca iyo Rirsi mefobisa, da

zurgad ganjis xani da misni Semdgomni hyves. da maSin aman

bagrat ver dauWira Tavi qarTvelsa da verca eufla qalaqs

zeiT zemo qarTlsa da arca hyuarobdnen qarTvelni da

arca-rad aÃsenebden TaTrobisaTÂs da eZaxden sabaraTaSvi-

los batonsa da iyofeboda egreT~2. rogorc Cans arc

rostom mefe afasebda didad Tavis Zmas, radgan àm saqmesa

mefobisa garigebasa, nadirobasa, lxinsa da uxuad gacemasa

Sina iyo~3.

Bbagratis sikvdilis Semdeg Sah abasma qarTli sa-

gamgeblod mis Svils, mcirewlovan svimon II-s (1619-1632) Caa-

bara da Tavisi SviliSvili (qaliSvilis Svili), yorCibaSis

asuli, janbanumi SerTo4. Sah abasma svimons mcirewlovnebis

gamo meurved giorgi saakaZe dauniSna5. imave dros, rogorc

rostom mefe gadmogvcems, Sahma yarCiRaxansa da sxva xanebs

kaxelebis amowyveta da kaxeTSi yizilbaSebis Casaxleba da-

avala. muxranSi, aRaianis mindorze kaxelTa laSqris vera-

gulad amowyvetis Semdeg moxda martyofis ajanyeba.

1 isqander munSi, gv. 114. 2 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 402. 3 qronikebi, II, gv. 462. 4 iqve. qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 429. 5 isqander munSi, gv. 115.

491

Tavis sigelSi rostoms Txroba ise mihyavs, rom

dagvarwmunos kaxelebis amowyvetasa da sxva antiqarTul

saqmeebSi misi xeli ar eria: `svimon tfilis ijda, somxiT-

sabaraTianos patronobda~.

rostomic daawinaures. Sah abasma mas ispaanis mouraoba

uboZa da male gardaicvala kidec. rostomis cxovrebaSi yve-

laze sapasuxismgeblo momenti dadga. Mmisi momavali didad

damokidebuli iyo imaze, Tu vin daikavebda iranis taxts. ro-

gorc rostomi aRniSnavs, xelmwifis gardacvalebis Semdeg

xSirad momxdara rom taxtis pretendentebs erTmaneTi daexo-

coTo. am udidesi saxelmwifoebrivi saqmis mSvidobianad ga-

dawyvetaSi rostomi Tavis damsaxurebas Semdegnairad gad-

mogvcems: `Cven ZaliTa da SewevniTa RTisaTa gavsinjeT saqme:

Svilic iyo yaenisa, magram Tavad Tvaldamwuari iyo, sinaTle-

ca hqonda, magrame ufrosi Svili-Svili iyo diaR kargi, Tua-

lad da tanad SuÀnieri, Ãelmwifoba imas Seferobda. gamovi-

yuane da taxtze davsvi da miuloceT Ãelmwifoba Sah sefis

yaensa~1. rogorc Cans, rostomma sefi-mirza Zalis gamoyenebiT

aiyvana taxtze da Tavisi konkurentebs amgvarad ajoba. ro-

gorc iTqva, Zmeb undilaZeebs TavianTi kandidati hyavdaT.

rostom mefe sigelSi mniSvnelovan adgils, Tavis

ZmisSvil svimon-xanze Txrobas uTmobs. amis aRniSvna imito-

maa saWiro, rom igi, qarTlis taxtis dakavebis Semdeg, svi-

mon-xanis mkvlelobis sakiTxs, umniSvnelovanesad Tvlida

Teimuraz I-Tan dapirispirebaSi. masze yuradRebis gamaxvi-

lebiT, warmodgena gveqmneba rostomze, rogorc diplo-

matze.

rogorc cnobilia, bazaleTis omis Semdeg Teimurazma

Sida qarTli daikava, Tbilisi da qvemo qarTli ki kvlav

svimon-xans emorCileboda. Sah abasma amis Semdeg Teimurazi

qarTl-kaxeTis mefed scno, magram ise, rom svimon-xans misi

sagamgeblo dautova da amiT qarTlSi feTqebadi mdgomare-

1 qronikebi, II, gv. 462. ìsfahans rostom mefis cdiT Sah sefi

gaÃemwifda~. Ffarsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 238.

492

oba SeinarCuna. rogorc Cans, rostom mefes marabdis brZo-

lis (1625 w.) Semdeg, svimon-xanis qarTlis erT nawilSi

dabruneba hqonda mxedvelobaSi, rodesac ambobda: àm dros

wamoeWida C~ni Zmiswuli batoni sÂmon da kax-batons qarTli

waarTua da kaxi-batoni Tavis alags iyo~1. rostomis gage-

biT, qarTli memkvidreobiT svimons ekuTvnoda da misi

qarTlSi dabruneba samarTlianobis aRdgena iyo, Teimurazi

ki, aseve samarTlianad, kaxeTis batoni unda yofiliyo. ma-

Sasadame, Teimurazma, rostomis logikiT, araswori moqmede-

ba Caidina, rodesac `samarTlianobas~ ar Seegua da

qarTlSi dabrunebis mizniT svimoni moakvlevina.

rostomis TqmiT, ìmave weliwads amdoni isaja kaxma

batonma Teimuraz, Tavisi qali da misiv yma Carqazi g˜i mo-Ralated Seuyena da mZinare batoni sÂmon daakulevina,

qarTls gabatonda; somxiT-sabaraTiano daiWira~2.

Teimuraz mefis mier zurab erisTavis mokvlisa da mi-

si mokveTili Tavis SahisaTvis gagzavnis Semdeg, farsadan

gorgijaniZis gadmocemiT, ès yaens iama da qarTlica da ka-

xeTic batons Teimurazs mosces da xalaTi da rayami gamo-

ugzavnes~3. Aamgvarad, Sahma Teimurazi qarTl-kaxeTis

qristian mefed scno da es gaerTianebuli samefo iranis va-

salad gamoacxada4.

sainteresoa, rom rostomi Sah sefis mier didi

samxedro eqspediciis gamogzavnas da mis qarTlSi gamefe-

bas, svimon-xanis mokvlisaTvis Teimurazis dasasjel Ro-

nisZiebad acxadebs. `ra gaigona Sasefi yaenman (svimonis

1 iqve. 2 iqve, gv. 462-463. `batonman Teimuraz Tavisgniv gakeTebuli erTi

Cerqezi saÃelaT giorgi, siZe iyo zurab erisTvisa da is Seuyenes

erisTav da mas napiris alagsa ioris pirs mamuli misca da zurab

erisTavs qalis micemas da TianeTis samamuleT micemas dahpirdnen

mefis svimonis mokvlisaTvis... mefe svimon mindobili zurab eris-

Tavman mZinare mokla~. Ffarsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 236. 3 iqve, gv. 238. 4 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 292-293

493

mokvla _e.m.) mwuÀd iwyina, kaxbatons gauwyra, Cñi sabatono

Cñ gÂboZa~1. amgvarad, rostomi gverds uvlis Teimuraz me-

fisa da daudxan undilaZis mier iranis samflobeloebis

dalaSqvris faqts, yizilbaSebis saqarTveloSi SemoWris

namdvil mizezs da cdilobs svimon-xanis mokvla gansa-

kuTrebuli mniSvnelobis movlenad da, imave dros, Tavis

Tavi qarTlis taxtze mamis, daud-xanis, Zmis _ bagratis da

Zmis Svilis _ svimon-xanis kanonier memkvidred gamoacxa-

dos. `kaxT batoni gavagdeT da Cñi sabatono daviWireT~-o,

kmayofilebiTa da siamayiT aRniSnavs igi.

rostomi, odiSis mTavris, levan II dadianis dis, mari-

amis SerTvas, Teimuraz mefis mier Tavisi asulis dareja-

nis imereTis batoniSvilze aleqsandreze daqorwinebis sa-

pasuxo RonisZiebad acxadebs. 1633 wels rodesac rostomi

yizilbaSTa laSqriT saqarTveloSi Semovida, Teimurazi

didi amaliT imereTSi gadavida, radgan iq saimedo TavSesa-

fari hqonda. `batoni Teimuraz imereTs Seixizna: qali iyo

imisi imerlis mefis Svilis aleqsandres coli da Cñ da dadiani batoni levan davmoyvrdiT da SevirTeT daÁ misi~2.

ase lakonured gadmosca rostomma mariamze Tavisi da-

qorwinebis mniSvneloba.

qarTlis mefisa da odiSis mTavris dis qorwinebaze.

rogorc didi politikuri mniSvnelobis aqtze, rostomi

mxolod migvaniSnebs. Tanamedrove politikosebisaTvis ki

sruliad naTeli iyo, rom saqarTveloSi iqmneboda dapi-

rispirebulTa ori banaki. TiToeuli maTganis ukan idga

irani an osmaleTi.

rostoms iranidan Tan Camohyva sxvadasxva drosa da

sxvadasxva mizeziT qarTlidan gadaxvewili gamuslimanebu-

li mravali qarTveli Tavadi da aznauri, romlebic

qarTlis musulmani mefis dasayrdeni unda gamxdariyvnen.

1 qronikebi, II, gv. 463. 2 iqve.

494

isini, visi wamoyvana rostoms undoda, TviTonve SeurCevia1.

maTTvis mamulebis dabruneba da saxeloebis Cabareba,

rostomis saSinao politikis qvakuTxedi iyo. farsadan

gorgijaniZe gadmogvcems: `moxeleni gamoscvales da Tan mo-

yolili TavadTa da aznaurTa TavianT mamuli uboZes.

Seqmnes vaziroba, daiwyes rCeva, eZebes samoyvroT levan da-

diani da gaugzavnes mociqulebi da saqarTvelos sade-

dofloT misi da mariam, dedaTa Sigan naqebi~2.

rostomsa da mis kariskacebs saqarTvelos uZlieres

mTavarTan damoyvrebis idea gauCndaT mas Semdgeg rac sa-

fuZvlianad gaecvnen saqarTvelos saSinao politikur viTa-

rebas da qarTlis samefos sagareo urTierTobebis pers-

peqtivebi gaiTvaliswines. Aaucilebeli iyo Seupovari da

mouxelTebel Teimuraz mefis ganeitralebac, romelsac

mravali momxre hyavda aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da imere-

Tis samefoSi. Aam droidan moyolebuli, Teimurazma da

rostomma mTeli sicocxle erTmaneTTan brZolaSi gaata-

res. Ees brZola gamovlinda yvela formiT: SeiaraRebuli,

politikuri, diplomatiuri. Uucxo ar iyo mosyidva, SantaJi

da mkvleloba.

rostomma, iranis mxardaWeriT, imisaTvis raTa da-

savleT saqarTveloSi osmaleTis poziciebi Seesustebina

da TeimurazisTvis imereli momxreebi CamoeSorebina, odi-

Sis mTavarTan damoyvreba ganizraxa da 1633 wels mociqu-

lebi gaugzavna. levan dadiani kmayofili Sexvda rostomis

winadadebas. man Tavis mxrivac, garigebis dasasruleblad,

Tavisi mociqulebi qarTlSi gagzavna.

vfiqrob, sapatarZlos SerCevasa da qorwilis garigeba-

Si mniSvnelovani roli unda Seesrulebina am dros ukve le-

van dadianis samsaxurSi Camdgar nikifore irbaxs, romelic

rostomis pirveli colis, abaSiSvilis asuli qeTevanis

gardacvalebis axlo xanebSi qarTlSi imyofeboda. Uufro me-

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 239-240. 2. iqve, gv. 241.

495

tic, rostomsa da nikifores Soris imdenad kargi urTi-

erToba damyarda, pietro avitabiles Tu davujerebT, nikifo-

re rostomis miwveviT qarTlSi gadmovida. avitabile 1633

wlis 1 agvistos werilSi aRniSnavs: `xalxSi xma dadis, rom

(rostoms - e. m.) misi (nikifore - e. m.) patriarqad dasma

undao~1. am winadadebaze nikiforem uari Tqva.

Sah sefi erTxel kidev darwmunda rostomis goniere-

basa da politikur alRoSi da maRali Sefaseba (rogorc

materialuri, ise sityvieri) misca rostomis ganzraxvas. sa-

qorwino garigebiT didad kmayofili iyo odiSis mTavaric,

radgan am garigebiT moyvrebma SuaSi moiqcies imereTis me-

fe, misi memkvidre aleqsandre da, rac mTavaria, gamouval

mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeboda imereTSi TavSefarebuli Tei-

murazi.

sayuradReboa, rom rostomma mariamze daqorwinebis

ganzraxva SahTan SeaTanxma, rac imis maCvenebelia, rom mas,

rogorc Sahis vasals, damoukidebeli sagareo politikis

warmoebis ufleba ar hqonda2

imereTis samefo karma, romelic sworad afasebda le-

vanisa da rostomis kavSiris uaryofiT Sedegebs, yvelaferi

iRona qorwilis CasaSlelad, magram dadebiTs verafers mi-

aRwia. uaryofiTi ki is iyo, rom imereTis mefe giorgi III

dadianis orwlian tyveobaSi aRmoCnda da mudmivad gama-

nadgurebel Tavdasxmebs ganicdida imereTis mosaxleoba.

am qorwinebis Sedegebisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebule-

ba iyo osmaleTis saxelmwifoSi, sadac xma gavrcelda,

TiTqos rostom mefe, odiSisa da guriis mTavrebis mxarda-

WeriTa da 30 aTasi yizilbaSiT Savi zRvis sanapiroze goni-

osa da tirebuluze Tavdasxmas apirebda3. Aamgvari an

mimsgavsebuli samxedro aqcia sinamdvileSi ar ganxorcie-

1 don pietro avitabile, gv. 21. 2 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 318. 3 CoCievi v., iran-osmaleTis 1639 wlis zavi da saqarTvelo. wignSi:

narkvevebi maxlobeli aRmosavleTis istoriidan, Tb., 1957, gv. 364

496

lebula, magram iransa da mis qarTvel mokavSireebs, savara-

udoa, ganzraxuli hqonodaT osmalebi Savi zRvis sanapiro-

ze SeeviwroebinaT.

Teimurazma, 1634 wels zaal aragvis erisTavis, iase

qsnis erisTavisa da kaxeTis Tavadebis mxardaWeriT, rosto-

mis qarTlidan gandevna scada, magram goris maxloblad,

arcevTan, brZolaSi marcxi ganicada. Mman qarTli miatova

da kaxeTSi gadavida. Sahi darwmunda, rom iranze osmalebis

Tavdasxmis saSiSroeba ar arsebobda da rostoms azerbai-

janidan maSveli Zala gamougzavna. rostomi qarTvelTa da

yizibaSTa laSqriT kaxeTSi SeiWra. Teimurazi imdenad mZime

mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda, rom rogorc farsadan gorgijani-

Ze gadmogvcems, mas `wingnic asre moewera: Tavad naTesavni

varTo da merme batoni dedofali Tqveni biZisSvili ariso

da arc Tqvena gyavs Svilio da erTis meti arc me myavso

da didis mefis lvarsabisao rom TaTarT awameso Tqvenis

meti misgan aRarvin darCenilao da batonis levanisagano

Cemis meti aRaravin ariso da yizilbaSTagan mravali Zali

da usamarTlo mWirso. Tu rom kidevac dameSavebinos rameo,

SiSiT miqniao da Tqveni Tavadebi romelic CvenTan ariano,

ficiT SemogarigebTo da Cems TinaTins Tqvenis brZanebiT

Sahsefis yaens vaaxlebo da Sva SemodiTo, Cems aoÃrebul

samkvidroze damayenono~1.

amonarididan naTlad Cans, Teimuraz mefis rostomi-

sadmi, rogoc qarTlis mmarTvelisadmi damokidebuleba.

Mmas rostomi ar miaCnia rogorc Tavisi Tanabari mefe da

politikuri moRvawe, misi gagebiT rostomi Sahis marione-

tia da ar ZaluZs damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebis miReba.

amitom igi rostoms, rogorc naTesavs da ara rogorc anga-

riSgasawevi saxelmwifos meTaurs, SahTan Suamavlobas

sTxovs.

rostomi ki, mopovebul samxedro warmatebas did

mniSvnelobas aniWebda da Sahis winaSe Tavs iwonebda. Mman

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 244.

497

`qveynis damSvidebisa da CxubianT dawynarebisaTvis yaens

miswera da imaTac eamebina da yaenis asre brZaneba mouvida

_ Tqveni Serigeba gviamao, kargi giqniaTo da batoniSvili

TinaTini didis pativiT gamoistumreTo~1

Teimurazi micemuli pirobis erTguli darCa, rostoms

kaxeli Tavadebi da Tavisi asuli TinaTini gadasca. yvela

isini rostomma SahTan gaagzavna. sinamdvileSi, kaxeli Tavade-

bi da Teimurazis asulic mZevlebi iyvnen.

Teimuraz mefis mier morCilebis gamocxadebiT kmayo-

filma Sahma Teimurazs àTasi Tumani TeTri da aTasi

Tumnis ÃalaTi gaugzavna da kargi saimedo rayami misweres,

ase rom, rac amas winaT Segicodebiao, yvela SegvindviaTo

da amas ukan Sen da rostom mefe SerigdiTo, Cven gveamebiso

da orTav mravals wyalobas gizamTo da asre kidev mefis

rostomisaTvis ebrZana~2.

damyarebuli mSvidoba rostomma nayofierad gamoiyena.

Mman qarTlis is Tavadebi, romlebic erT dros Teimurazis

momxreebi iyvnen, Semoiriga. magram mSvidobianobam didxans ar

gastana. Teimurazi ver egueboda rostomis qarTlSi batono-

bas da yoveli saSualebiT ebrZoda. mas mxars uWerda

qarTlis msxvili Tavadebis erTi nawilic. maT xan Seiara-

Rebvuli gamosvla moawyes, xan SeTqmulebis gziT rostomis

mokvla moindomes, magram mizans ver miaRwies3.

rostoms, rogorc Cans, undoda TeimurazTan erTxel

da samudamod urTierToba moegvarebina, miuxedavad imisa,

rom Seqmnil viTarebaSi brals mTlianad Teimurazs

akisrebda, qveyanaSi mSvidobis damyarebisaTvis, mzad iyo

daTmobebze wasuliyo. maT Soris mSvidobiani urTierToba

mosaxleobis yvela fenis interesebSi Sedioda. ase aRwers

rostomi Teimurazis moqmedebas da Tavis psuxs: ìyo kaxi

batoni imareTs. Cxubisa da avi saqmisagan Tavi ar aiRo da

1 iqve. 2 iqve. 3 iqve, gv. 245-251

498

arc daswynarda: kaxeTSi Camovida mTis gzidame. Mmravals

adgils Cñi Tavs dasxma da Ralati moindoma da Cñ gana-Ramc batonis sisxlsa vsTxovdiT da quÀyanas urbevdiT da

bevri avi saqme uyaviT~1.

sainteresoa, rom rostomi Teimurazs svimon-xanis

mokvlisaTvis sasisxlos sTxovda da amisaTvis `qveyanas~

urbevda. Ggamodis, rom rostoms TeimurazTan raime politi-

kuri pretenzia ki ara hqonda, aramed usamarTlod Selaxu-

li gvarovnuli Rirsebis aRdgena undoda da amisaTvis ma-

terialur kompensacias iTxovda. erTi piroba, maT Soris

kaTalikosi, berebi, erisTavebi da Tavadebi Cadgnen, maTi

morigeba scades da kompromisuli winadadeba SesTavazes:

mefeebs Soris ori wlis ganmavlobaSi yovelgvari

samxedro dapirispireba unda Sewyvetiliyo, amis Semdeg ki

sasamarTlo moewyoboda da rasac gadawyvetilebas miiRebda

`batonis sisxli imgvarad moikiTxeTo. Ddagvidva kaxma ba-

tonma Teimuraz sandoT saficriT sofeli gavazi da sofe-

li kisisÃevi, CuÀnis TavadisSÂlebisa da glexebis mocemas

dagupirdes. CuÀnc romelic saficari miveciT da an piroba

da daudeviT yuelaka gauTaveT, da kaxma batonma rac piro-

ba da fici moguca arc erTi ar gagÂTava~ _ gadmogvcems

rostom mefe2.

mohamed Taheris mixedviT, rostomis winaaRmdeg ramde-

nime SeTqmuleba moewyo, romelTa organizatori kaxeTis me-

fe Teimurazi iyo, romelsac qarTlis taxtis dabruneba

undoda. SeTqmuleba 1642 wlis axlo xanebSi moewyo, ro-

melSic mohamed Taheris mixedviT, monawileobdnen zaal

aragvis erisTavi, nodar da ioTam amilaxvrebi. sparseli

istorikosi SeTqmulebis mizezs ar asaxelebs. SeTqmulebma

mkvleli miugzavnes rostoms, magram misma mcvelebma Se-

ityves da mkvlelma gaqceviT uSvela Tavs1.

1 qronikebi, II, gv. 463. 2 iqve. 1 mohamed Taheri, gv. 380.

499

ufro farTo da organizebuli iyo meore, 1642 wlis

SeTqmuleba. Teimurazma ìdumal ki ufro gaaRviva SfoTis

cecxli da zaal erisTavTan, nodarTan da qarTlis kaTali-

kozTan erTad, romelic im urwmunoTa sruluflebiani piri

da wimamZRvaria, gadaswyvita, rom rostom–xani moeklaT, maT

am saqmeSi mokavSired gaiCines meliqi yorxamasi, somxiTis me-

liq aTabegis Svili~2. rogorc Mmohamed Taheris naTqvamidan

Cans, SeTqmulebs, raime garkveuli mizezi rostomis mokvli-

sa ar hqondaT. maSin, rodesac farsadan gorgijaniZe

gvamcnobs: rodesac uSvilo rostoms misive TxovniT Sahma

memkvidred misi biZaSvilis Svili levani gamougzavna, amiT

ukmayofilo giorgi goCaSvili, romelic qarTlis mefobas

TviTon umiznebda, Teimurazma da zaal aragvis erisTavma wa-

aqezes, gadaibires kaTalikosi diasamiZe, revaz baraTaSvili

da somxiTis meliqi yorxmazbegi. isini yvelani `goCaSvils

atyuebden, Torada yvelas mefoba batonis TeimurazisaTvis

undoda~. rostomi maSin cxireTs idga, SeTqmulebi mis ga-

motyuebas da brZolaSi mokvlas fiqrobdnen, magram

yorxmazbegma rostoms SeTqmulebis mzadebis Sesaxeb acnoba.

rostomi sastikad gausworda SeTqmulebis monawileebs, Tei-

murazi kaxeTSi dabrunda. rostomma yovelive Sahs miswera,

romelmac mravali saCuqari da adam sultan andronikaSvili,

misi disSvili, didi laSqriT gamougzavna. Sahis brZaneba

iyo: `vinc rostom mefis urCia da mawyinari, Svadam amoiRon

da batoni Teimuraz gagdon da miss alagzed kaxeTSi adam

sultan gaabatonon~1? Teimurazi kvlav imereTSi gadavida.

1642 wels Teimuraz mefem qarTlis samefoSi Seqmnil

viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT moskovis elCs e. miSeckis uTxra,

rom rostom mefis mmarTvelobiT Sewuxebulma mosaxleobis

sxvadasxva socialuri fenis warmomadgenlebma igi saTaTbi-

rod miiwvies da, rodesac rus elCebs moskovSi gauSvebs, ma-

Sinve wava qarTlelebTan saTaTbirod. Teimurazis mixedviT,

2 iqve, gv. 381, 1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 250; Mmohamed Taheri, gv. 381-382.

500

rostoms iranidanac mxardaWara aRar hqonda. amitom igi iZu-

lebuli gaxda TeimurazisaTvis samSvidobo molaparakebis

dawyeba SeeTavazebina1.

kaxeTis mefis es bolo naTqvami, rostomisagan mSvido-

bis SeTavazebis Sesaxeb, dasturdeba farsadan gorgijaniZis

gadmocemiT. rostom mefem Teimurazs SeuTvala, rom maT

Soris mSvidobis damyarebisaTvis molaparakebaSi CaerToT

imereTis mefe, odiSisa da guriis mTavrebi da axalcixis

faSa, `gavibrWneT da SevrigdeTo, Cvenc movisvenoTo da qve-

yananic movasvenoTo~. magram Teimurazma uaryo es winadade-

ba. is soflebic, romlebic droebiTi mSvidobisaTvis

hqonda Cadebuli isev waarTva, moxeleebic gamouyara da

rostoms SuTvala: `Senis Zmiswulis mefis svimonis mkvle-

li zurab erisTavi iyo da me movhkalo, Tqven kidec unda

damimadloTo, Toarada CemTan sxva ra sabWo gaqvTo. Tqveni

mesisxle eg ariso... Tu sisxls hkiTxulobo, mesisxlis

Zmebsa da saxlis kacebs mohkiTxeTo~ 2.

mefeebs Soris urTierToba kidev ufro daiZaba.

rostomi Teimurazs pirobis SeusruleblobaSi sdebda

brals.Oorive mxare gadamwyveti brZolisaTvis emzadeboda.

Teimurazi damarcxda. misi erTaderTi vaJi daviTi qi-

ziySi yizilbaSebs tyved CauvardaT da mokles. Ees iyo

rostomis udidesi gamarjveba.

rostomis sigelSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs,

oficialurad muslimani mefis mier, Teimurazze gamarjvebi-

saTvis sveticxovlisaTvis madlobis gadaxda: `SemogiareT

sueÀto cxovelo RvTiv aRmarTebulo, movediT karsa TquÀnsa

da RaRadebiT Sengan Sewevna viTxoveT... kurTxeulxar Zlie-

ro da uZlevelo yovlismpyrobelo R˜To, rome sidide da samarTali Seni yovelsa kacs daanaxuÀ~3.

1 Посольство князя Мышецкого и дьяка Ключарева в Кахетию (1640-1643). Издание М. Полиевктова, Тб., 1928, с. 151-152. 2 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 255. 3 qronikebi, II, gv. 463.

501

Teimurazi Sepyrobasa da sikvdils gadaurCa, magram da-

karga rac ki ram gaaCnda. Teimurazis ubedurebisAamgvar

fonze, farsadan gorgijaniZe gadmogvcems rostomis raindu-

li bunebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel erT magaliTs: damarcxebu-

li Teimurazi yvelam, Tavisma kaxelebmac ki miatoves, mas wa-

sasvleli gza da gadaadgilebis saSualeba aRar aqvs. am

dros rostomTan mividnen kaxelebi da Teimurazis Sepyroba

SesTavazes. ès mefem uwyina da avad CamoarTva da ase ubZa-

na_imisi dazrdilni ÃarTo, imas ra kargi uyaviTo, rom Cven

gviyoTo. daWirva Sors daiWira... mefem wamoTqva da brZana:

ra qveyana daarsebulao, amgvari muxanaToba kaxT Tavis ba-

tonzed ar uqmniaTo, rom axla batons Teimurazszed qneso~1.

rodesac Teimurazs rostomis naTqvami moaxsenes (savsebiT

mosalodnelia isini rostomis mier migzavnilni iyvnen), amis

Semdeg Teimurazis meuRle, dedofali xoreSani, romelic

rostomis biZaSvili iyo, mas ewvia da imereTisken gzis mice-

ma da cxeni da jori sTxova. rostomma kaxeTis mefe-dedo-

fals yvelafriT xeli gaumarTa da imereTisken gaistumra.

TviT rostomi am epizods Semdegnairad gadmogvcems: `batons

Teimurazs biZis Cñis mefis sÂmonis qali edga; movida d˜fli

xuraSan da muÃls gamoguÀxÂa, amas guÀxuÀwa, Tu erTi wuÀTi

sisxli guapative da Sens siZes gza daanebeo. radgan biZis qa-

li iyo Cñi aRara gaewyoboda ra, gza miveciT da imereTs ga-vagdeT: kaxni da darbaiselni erTgulobaze vaficeT da kaxe-

Ti nasisxlad daviWireT, yaens maxarobeli gaugzavneT da

gamxiarulebuliyo, kaxeTi yaenmac gÂboZa~2.

farsadan gorgijaniZis monaTxrobi rostomis humani-

urobis Sasaxeb, garkveuli gagebiT, simarTles Seefereba.

farsadani Tavis TxzulebaSi ramdenjerme aRniSnavs amis

Sesaxeb3. erTi ram cxadia, rodesac rostomi saqarTveloSi

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 256. 2 qronikebi, II, gv. 464. 3 Aai oriode magaliTi: `mefe (rostomi _ e. m.) anagebad gulmowya-

le kaci iyo da adre Seundobda orgulTa da damnaSaveTa. gaWire-

502

movida 67 wlisa iyo da, bunebrivia, mas cxovrebiseuli di-

di gamocdileba hqonda. vaxuSti batoniSvilis daxasiaTe-

biT, `xolo ese rostom iyo mohmadiani da mun aRzrdili,

rameTu, odes movida mefed, Á˜z wlisa iyo, saqmiT xuanjiani

soflis, friad Wkuiani, morWmul-mdidari; rameTu hqonda

yularaRasoba yeenisa, mouraoba ispaanisa da niWvida yeeni

uricxusa, da uÃmobda mamad~1. igi ufrTxildeboda qveynis

mosaxleobas da cdilobda sameurneo cxovreba mSvidobia-

nad ganviTarebuliyo. rostom mefe da dedofal mariami

did yuradRebas iCendnen eklesia-monastrebisadmi da mamu-

lebsa da ymebsac swiravdnen2. yvelafrisda miuxedavad, ma-

bulTa da SeRonebulTa Svela icoda, medidurT pativis mdebi

iyo, nametnavad mandilosanTa. Qqvriv obolTa da glaxaT sarCos

gauCenda, nametnavad TavisianTa~ (gv. 245). `mefe (rostomi _ e. m.)

mravalgvarad nacadi da auCqarebeli, Wkviani, monaxuli batoni

brZandeboda, qveynis aSlas da jaris arevas erideboda, Tavad

ymaT dafrTxoba ar undoda~ (gv. 246). farsadan gorgijaniZis ros-

tomisadmi simpaTiebis gamomJRavneba sruliad gasagebia. igi ros-

tomis karze aRizarda, misi didi ndobiT sargeblobda da mis da-

valebebs warmatebiT asrulebda. qarTlSi gamefebuli rostomi

kvlav ispaanis mouravad iTvleboda. bunebrivia, rostomi am sapa-

suxismgeblo saxelos jerovnad ver gauZRveboda. man Sahs Tavis

Semcvlelad farsadanis kandidatura SesTavaza. Sahi dasTanxmda

im pirobiT, rom farsadani islams miiRebda. Mman Sahis moTxovna

daakmayofila da ispaanis mouravi gaxda. farsadanma Tavi ver ga-

arTva Tavis maRal Tanamdebobas, mas meqrTameobaSi dasdes brali

da male gadaayenes (mohamed Taheri, gv. 386; mamisTvaliSvili e., go-

ris istoria, II (1801-1921), gori, 1999, gv. 371-372). 1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 438. 2 vaxuStis mxedvelobidan ar gamorCenia rostomis mmarTvelobis

uaryofiTi Sedegebi. kerZod, is miuTiTebda iranidan rostoms Tanmo-

yolili gamahmadianebuli qarTvelebis mier qarTuli sazogadoebi-

saTvis ucxo Cveulebebis Semotana da maTi gavrceleba: àmaTiT See-

riaT qarTvelTa gancxroma, sma-Wama yizilbaSuri, siZva, mruSeba,

tyuvili, ÃorcT-gansueneba, abano, keklucoba ugvani, meCange, mgosani,

rameTu amaT saqmeTa moqmedTagan kide aravis scemden pativsa da mid-

rken, vidre mRudelmTavarnica da hyofden ujeroTa~.Miqve, gv. 439.

503

inc gansakuTrebuli, TiTqos araprognozirebadi iyo

rostomis moqmedeba Teimurazis mimarT, rac erTi SexedviT

gakvirvebasac iwvevs. rostomis Teimurazisadmi `lmobier~

damokidebulebas swori axsna mouZebna g. jamburiam: `sa-

fiqrebelia, rom rostomis saqcieli unda aixsnas ara misi

`raindobiT~, aramed ufro sxva da Rrma mizezebiT. Wkviani

politikosi rostomi, etyoba kargad grZnobda, rom Teimu-

razis energiuli brZola iranis winaaRmdeg ramdenadme ga-

napirobebda Sahis SedarebiT loialur politikas qarTli-

sa da TviT rostomisadmi. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Teimu-

razi aRar iqneboda da kaxeTSi yizilbaSi xani dajdeboda,

irani rostomisagan ufro mets moiTxovda _ e. i. ecdeboda

qarTlic, kaxeTis msgavsad, saxanod gadaeqcia da SesaZloa

TviT rostomic yizilbaSi xaniT SeecvalaT. Sahis gadawyve-

tileba, kaxeTi rostomisaTvis gadaeca, uTuod iman ganapi-

roba, rom Teimurazi Sepyrobili ar iyo da mas kidev

hqonda saSualeba brZolis gagrZelebisa. aseT viTarebaSi

SahisTvis rostomi yvelaze metad sasurveli kandidati iyo,

romlis zomieri politika rogorc iranisaTvis, ise qarTve-

lebisaTvis asatani iyo~1.

Teimurazis kaxeTidan gandevnis Semdeg, rostomi

qarTl-kaxeTis mefe gaxda. sabolood rostomma gaimarjva,

rac mis mier qarTvelobisadmi gatarebuli swori politi-

kis Sedegi iyo. rostomma qarTul sazogadoebrivi da same-

urneo wyoba ucvlelad dastova. `mis dros Aarc qristia-

noba ganicdida devnas, gamahmadianeba umTavresad feodal

moxeleTa umaRles wreebs exeboda. samagierod qveyana didi

xnis nanatr mSvidobianobas eRirsa~2.

rostom mefis sagareo politikisa da diplomatiis Se-

wavlisaTvis, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis da, imave dros,

sakamaTo sakiTxia, mis mer moskovSi gagzavnili elCobis

1 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 325. 2 berZeniSvili n., javaxiSvili iv., janaSia s., saqarTvelos isto-

ria, gv. 348.

504

miznis dadgena. sirTule iqmneba am elCobis amsaxveli do-

kumentis simcire.

m. polievqtovis mier moZiebul dokumentSi dasaxele-

bulia rostom mefis elCi mahmed-xan begi, romelic

moskovSi Cavida da xelmwifes mdidruli saCuqrebi mi-

arTva1. rogorc i. cincaZe savsebiT sworad SeniSnavda, èrT

garemoebas mainc xazi unda gaesvas _ rostom mefis sagareo

politika Cvens xelT arsebuli ZeglebiT, garegnulad ma-

inc, iseTi Tanmimdevruli moCans, rom elCebisa da saCuqre-

bis ruseTSi gagzavna iranis SahTan SeTanxmebis, an TviT

Sahis davalebis gareSe momxdari faqti ar unda iyos. Aam

azrs aZlierebs is garemoeba, rom rostom mefis am elCobis

gamo Sedgenili saqme sagareo saqmeTa sagangioSi Sesanaxad

`Дела грузинские~-s fondSi ki ar moxvda, aramed `Дела

персидские~-s fondSi~2. Ees ki, i. cincaZis azriT, imas unda niSnavdes, rom ruseTSi am elCobas iranis vasalis mier ga-

mogzavnilad Tvlidnen, rac srul simarTles Seefereboda.

1 4 SesaniSnavi cxeni, ori aT-aT arSiniani xaliCa, 2 cxra-cxra ar-

Siniani fardagi, cxenis 2 TeTri gadasafarebeli damzadebuli

konstantinopolSi, sufris ori Zvirfasi gadasafarebeli, 2 didi

vefxvis tyavi, ori moqarguli ToqalTo1 aseve konstantinopolSi

damzadebuli, induri naxelavi oqromkerdiT moqarguli mSvildis

bude, induri oqrosvarayiani mSvildi, induri eqvswaxnaga iaraRi

oqro-vercxliT mosevadebuli, TaTmanebi, espanuri foladis Zvir-

fasi satevari oqro-vercxliT mosevadebuli, espanuri xelnajaxi

oqro-vercxliT mosevadebuli, Tavrizuli Tofi Zvirfasad Semku-

li, 8 naWeri ezdis zolebiani farCa, 3 Turquli, mooqruli da

TvlebiT Semkuli doli, oTxi firuziT gawyobili samkauli, pat-

riarqisaTvis erTi jori. Полиевктов М., К вопросу о сношениях Ростома Карталинского с Москвою. ènimkis moambe~, V-VI, 1940. 2 cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan. saqar-

Tvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis iv. javaxiSvilis sax. istoriis

institutis Sromebi, I, Tb., 1955, gv. 260.

505

ukve aRiniSna, rom rostom mefis mier elCis gagzavna

moskovSi, friad saintereso da imave dros moulodneli

iyo. rostomma, ra Tqma unda, icoda misi umTavresi metoqis,

Teimurazis urTierToba moskovis saxelmwifosTan. man, ro-

gorc iTqva, Zlier ganicada Teimurazis mier ufliswuli

erekles moskovSi gagzavna da scada kidec misi am gegmis

CaSla. umemkvidro rostomma ver Seegueboda qarTlis, an ka-

xeTis, an qarTl-kaxeTis taxti moskovSi gazrdil da, Sesa-

bamisad, moskovis orientaciis mqone batoniSvil erekles

daekavebina. seriozulad daziandeboda iranis interesebi

ara mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel kavkasiaSi. SeiZle-

ba rostomi ase uxsnida Sahs erekle ufliswulis moskovSi

gaSvebis uaryofiT Sedegs. Tumca Sahs ra axsna undoda.

movlenis ase ganviTareba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,

misTvis isedac naTeli iqneboda. rostoms sxva ramec awu-

xebda. mas undoda qarTlSi Tavisi gamefeba ise warmoeCina,

rogorc kanonieri memkvidris, rostomis, mier usamarTlod

dakarguli taxtis dabruneba.

araviTari werilobiTi cnoba ar gagvaCnia, magram

ueWveli mgonia, rom rostomisa da Sah abas II-is mier Semu-

Savda gegma, romliTac qarTlis samefos ruseTTan diplo-

matiuri kontaqti imdagvarad unda warmoCeniliyo, vi-

Tomdac rostomi damoukideblad, Sahis karisagan sai-

dumlod, amyarebda diplomatiur urTierTobas moskovTan.

jer m. polievqtovma, masze dayrdnobiT ki i. cincaZem,

ganaviTares mosazreba, rom rostoms Tavisi saidumlo

agentis saSualebiT kavSiri hqonda imereTSi myof moskovis

elC nikifore toloCanovTan, rac TeimurazisaTvisac cnobi-

li iyo. TiTqos amitom emuqreboda devnili mefe rus elCs,

rom igi saxinkle xorciviT akuwvas imsaxurebda. Anikifore

toloCanovis gamyidvelobis Sesaxeb Teimurazma moskovis

mefesac acnoba: igi meore mxrisagan fuls iRebdao1. magram

Teimurazi ar azustebs, vin iyo is vinc, imisaTvis, rom Tei-

1 Переписка, с. 70

506

murazisa da rusi elCebis molaparakeba CaSliliyo da

ufliswuli erekles moskovSi wasayvanad toloCanovs ga-

zafxulamde ar daecada, am ukanasknels fuls aZlevda? ma-

Sindel politikur viTarebas Tu gadavxedavT, ueWvelia yu-

radReba rostomze SeCerdeba.

m. polievqtovma, rostomsa da toloCanovs Soris im

kurierad, visac saidumlo werilebi mimohqonda, somexi va-

Wari SeSu miiCnia. man elCebs rusulad dawerili baraTi mi-

utana da ganucxada, rom es baraTi Tbilisadan Cemma kacma

Camoitanao1.

nikifore toloCanovi im werilis avtorsa da Sina-

arssac gvamcnobs: werili dawerili iyo rusi xatebis

mxatvris ivane danilovis mier, romelic rostom mefis

tyveobaSi iyo da raime saSualebiT ganTavisuflebas

iTxovda. is elCebs imasac atyobinebda, rom `mefeebis Teimu-

raz da aleqsandre mefeebis da maTi samefoebis Sesaxeb

bevri ram icis, rac mis udidebulesobas srul[iad] r[use-

Tis] x[elmwife] m[efis] da d[idi] m[Tavaris] a[leqsi] m[ixei-

lis] Zis saqmeebs Seexebao~2.

rusi xatmwerebi kostromeli ivane danilovi da yaza-

neli semion savini Tedore Tedores Ze volkonskis da

artem xvatovis elCobas Camohyvnen saqarTveloSi da Teimu-

razis TxovniT aqve darCnen. Mmoskovidan saqarTvelosken

momaval rus elCebs miSeckisa da kluCarevs daevalaT, rom

ukan wamosvlisas xsenebuli mxatvrebi moskovSi waeyvanaTo3.

rogorc Cans, dasaxelebulma elCebma, 1643 wels, ucnobi mi-

zezis gamo, davaleba ver Seasrules. savaraudoa, mxatvrebi

Teimurazma ar gauSva. Teimurazis imereTSi gadasvlis

Semdeg mxatvrebi rostomis tyveobaSi aRmoCndnen. danilovs

samSobloSi dabruneba undoda, magram iseTi dabrkoleba

1 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 77. 2 iqve. SemoklebaTa gaxsna Cemia _ e. m. 3 Посольство князя Мышецкого и дьяка Ключарева в Кахетию (1640-1643). Издание М. Полиевктова, Тб., 1928, с. 53.

507

Seeqmna, romlis mogvareba toloCanovma da ievlevma ver

SeZles. danilovTan erTad Camosuli meore mxatvaris Sesa-

xeb araferia cnobili. rogorc Cans, Sah abas I-is laSqro-

bebis dros dazianebuli eklesia-monastrebis aRdgeniT da-

intresebul rostom mefis meuRles mariam dedofalsac

ostatis gaSveba ar undoda.

rusi elCebi Tbilisel vaWrebs saidumlod moelapa-

raknen da ivane ostatis gamosyidva sTxoves. vaWrebma ga-

nacxades: `Tbilisis xani rostomi mahmadiania, magram coli

misi qristianad iwodeba da axla misi brZanebiT es ivane

ostati danilovi taZris kedlis moxatvaze muSaobs, sadac

mas sagangebo mcvelebi sdarajobeno~1.

imave dReebSi somexma vaWarma SeSum elCebs kidev ga-

dasca ivane danilovis sami werili, romlebSic, kvlav, mis

ganTavisuflebaze Txovna iyo. ìmave mxatvrisagan gadmogvca

rusulad naweri boiaris, Tavad ivane borisis Ze Cerkaskis pa-

suxi, _ ambobs toloCanovi, _ mitropolitad wodebuli niki-

fore qarTveli elCi rom moskovSi iyo~2.

m. polievqtovi fiqrobda, TiTqos rostomis mier

inspirirebulma danilovma toloCanovs gaugzavna nikifore

mitropolitis CerkaskisTan saidumlo molaparakebis oqmi3.

MsinamdvileSi nikiforesa da Cerkaskis Soris molaparakeba

ki ara, Cerkaskis mier nikifores saidumlo sakiTxebis `ga-

mokiTxva~ iyo. `gamokiTxva~ Sedga 1636 wlis 26 maiss. mas

eswreboda diaki feodor lixaCevi4. `gamokiTxvis~ dros

rusma moxeleebma nikiforesagan moismines yvela im sakiTxe-

bis Sesaxeb, riTac dainteresebuli iyo qarTuli mxare, ra

moTxovnebsac igi ayenebda. saubris dasrulebis Semdeg, yo-

1 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 77. 2 iqve. 3 Полиевктов М., К вопросу о сношениях Ростома Карталинского с Москвою. Eenimkis moambe, V-VI, 1940. 4 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 121

508

velive, rac saidumlod CaiTvala, `gansakuTrebiT Cawerili

da akinZulia [nikifores] adre naTqvamebTan erTad~1.

dgeba kiTxva: ra mniSvneloba hqonda danilovis mier

rusi elCebisaTvis miwodebul masalebs nikifore berZenis

moskovSi saqarTvelo-ruseTisaTvis saintereso saidumlo

sakiTxebze molaparakebis Sesaxeb, rodesac am molaparake-

bis masalebi rusi diplomatebisaTvis xelmisawvdomad da-

culi iyo moskovSi sagareo saqmeTa prikazSi? bunebrivia,

rusi diplomatisaTvis amgvari cnobebi faseuli ar iqnebo-

da. amitom samarTliania vifiqroT meore variantze: nikifo-

re toloCanovi rostoms awvdida cnobebs, Teimurazsa da

aleqsandresTan Tavisi molaparakebis, gansakuTrebiT ki ba-

toniSvili erekles moskovSi gagzavnis Taobaze. Aamgvari

informaciis mopovebiT didad dainteresebuli iyvnen ro-

gorc rostomi, ise Sah abas II (1642-1666). ueWvelia, gasai-

dumloebuli, diplomatiuri molaparakebis masalebis gace-

misaTvis nikifore toloCanovi fuls iRebda `meore mxrisa-

gan~, romelSic SeiZleba mxolod rostom mefe vigu-

lisxmoT. safiqrebelia, Teimurazis muqara nikifore tolo-

Canovis meqrTameobisaTvis dasjis gamo, swored amiT iyo

ganpirobebuli2.

1 Там же, с. 123-124. 2 arc nikifore toloCanovi darCa valSi Teimuraz mefis winaSe

da elCobis `muxlobriv aRwerilobaSi~ cdilobda Teimurazi war-

moeCina im politikur moRvawed, romelsac pativs ar scemdnen qar-

Tvelebic ki. misi TqmiT, maSin, rodesac Teimurazi sruliad gasa-

gebi mizezebis gamo, Tavs ikavebda erekle ufliswulis moskovSi

gagzavnaze, viTomdac aleqsandre III-s nikifore toloCanovisaTvis

SeuTvlia: `Teimurazis saqmeebTan me xeli ara maqvso, mis Cveule-

bas kargad vicnobo, es pirveli ar aris, misgan danapirebis Sesru-

leba jer aravis gvinaxavso~ (nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 77).

Teimurazs rom SeeZlo rusi elCebisaTvis tyuili eTqva, nikifo-

re toloCanovis gadmocemiT, amis Sesaxeb, viTom, aleqsandre me-

fes mTargmneli ivane boiarCikovisaTvis uTqvams, rom `Tu vinico-

baa mefe Teimurazma Tavisi SviliSvilis did xelmwifesTan gaSve-

baze Tanxmoba ganacxados, magram mizezad is moidos, rom saxsre-

509

rogorc iTqva, 1652 w. agvistoSi, dapirebis Tanaxmad,

Teimurazma erekle/nikolozi Tavis deda elene dedofalTan

da askacian amalasTan erTad moskovs gaagzavna. mgzavrebs

didi ubedureba daatydaT Tavs. Cerkassa da Tergs Soris

maT Tavs daesxnen rostomis mier waqezebuli yumuxebis raz-

mebi, romlebmac ufliswulis amalis wevrebis nawili amoxo-

ces, nawili daatyveves, xelT igdes maTi mTeli avladideba1.

magram gadarCenilebma, qaixosro ColoyaSvilis meTaurobiT,

ufliswulisa da dedoflis Tergis cixeSi miyvana SesZles.

ufliswulma Tergidan moskovSi gagzavna beri Teofane, ro-

melmac xelmwifes werili miarTva im ubedurebis aRweriT,

romelic ufliswuls, Tergis midamoebSi deodfalsa da maT

Tanmxleblebs daatydaT. xelmwifem, dazaralebulebs, imave

Teofanes xeliT gaugzavna zogierTi aucilebeli ram da

erekles miswera, rom boiar i. p. pronskisa da astraxanis vo-

evodebs daavala, ufliswuli da dedofali astraxanSi mie-

RoT da gazafxulze moskovSi gasamgzavreblad saWiro geme-

biTa da gamcileblebiT uzrunveleyoT 2.

ereklesa da mis amalaze Tavdsxmis Sesaxeb roca Seit-

yo Teimurazma ruseTis xelmwifes aleqsi mixeilis Zes dau-

yovnebliv gaugzavna werili, romelSic acnobebda, rom es

Tavdasxma rostom mefis mowyobili iyoo: `yumikebs gaugzavna

didi mosakiTxi da SeuTvala, rom Teimurazma Tavis SviliS-

vili batoniSvili dedasTan erTad gagzavna, daiWiron da mas

gamougzavnon, is ki maT yizilbaSTa Sahs gaugzavnis~3. Tavis

adgilas ganxiluli wyaroebidan ki irkveva, rom rostomi da

bi ara aqvs da carieli xeliT ufliswuls ver gaamgzavrebs, amis

gamo molaparakebaze elCebi nu daiSlebiT, me Cemi xazinidan saWi-

ro saxsrebs gaviReb da did xelmwifesTan mis ufliswuls me ga-

vistumrebo~ (iqve, gv. 79) 1 paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istorii-

saTvis (1652-1658). `saistorio moambe~, 19-20, Tb., 1965, gv. 445. 2 iqve. Переписка, с. LX-LXI. 3 nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, gv. 188.

510

Sah abas II qarTveli ufliswulis xelSi Casagdebad an misi

moskovSi ar gaSvebisaTvis erTnairad aqtiurobdnen.

i. cincaZis mixedviT, cnobili rusi saeklesio moRva-

wis arseni suxanovis cnobebze dayrdnobiT aRniSnavda, rom

rostomis mier moskovSi elCis gagzavnis cnoba swrafad

gavrcelda, ramac musliman mosaxleobaSi SiSi gamoiwvia1. i.

cincaZe saintereso mosazrebas gamosTqvams: `miuxedavad imi-

sa, rom rostomi gamahmadianebuli iyo principulad sruli-

adac moulodneli ar aris rostomis ruseTze orientire-

bis gzad dadgomis SesaZlebloba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu ki igi

ruseTs ise Zlevamosilad miiCnevda amierkavkasiaSi, rom

masze dayrdnobiT qarTlis samefos arsebobas iseTi saf-

rTxe ar daemuqreboda, rogoric kaxeTs SeemTxva~2.

saeWvod meCveneba, rom rostoms raime seriozuli gan-

zraxva hqonda ruseTTan politikuri an ekonomikuri kavSi-

ris damyarebis Taobaze. rostomis mxridan amgvari nabijis

gadadgma Sahis karis mier aucileblad aRiqmeboda rogorc

Ralati da moRonierebul da damSvidebul qarTl-kaxeTSi

Teimuraz mefis droindeli yizilbaSTa Tavdasxmebi ganax-

ldeboda. marTebulia i. cincaZis mier sxva naSromSi gamoT-

qmuli varaudi, rom `rostomis es elCoba iranis Sahis gan-

kargulebis an Tanxmobis gareSe ar unda iyos mowyobili.

rostomi TeimuraziviT gandgomili, iranis morCilebidan

gamosuli mflobeli ar unda iyos, arc am wlebSi~3.P

rostom mefis mier moskovSi elCis gagzavna rom Sahis

karTan SeTanxmebuli iyo, gaziarebulia yvela mkvlevris

mier4

1 cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan, gv. 265. 2 iqve, gv. 266. 3 cincaZe i., vasil gagaras da arsen suxanovis cnobebi saqarTve-

los Sesaxeb, Tb., 1965, gv. 36. 4 Полиевктов М., К вопросу о сношениях Ростома... с Москвою, с. 523; cin-caZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan, gv. 261;

Накашидзе Н., Грузино-русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, Тб., 1968, с. 177-178; jamburia g., kompromisi iranisa da

511

ueWvelia rostomi Sahis davalebiT moqmedebda, magram

imis daSvebac SeiZleba, Wkvian rostoms, ruseT-iranis daZa-

buli urTierTobis dros, SahisaTvis SeeTavazebina, rom ru-

seTTan urTierTobis daregulirebaSi monawileoba TviTon,

qarTlis mefesac mieRo. misTvis sruliad naTeli iqneboda,

rom iran-ruseTis daZabuli urTierTobis SenarCuneba gamo-

iwvevda dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis moskov-

Tan kidev ufro daaxloebas Teimurazis meTaurobiT (XVII

s. 40-ian wlebSi osmaleTis gavlenis sferoSi myofma imere-

Tis samefom ruseTTan urTierToba daamyara, xolo 1651

wels ki mis qveSevrdomobaSi Sevida), rac xels ar aZlevda

arc rostoms da arc Sah abas II-s. miT umetes, maSin rode-

sac Teimurazma ruseTis xelmwifesTan ufro daaxloebisaT-

vis kidev erTi seriozuli nabiji gadaidga, erekle uflis-

wuli moskovSi gagzavna.

radgan ver moxerxda erekle ufliswulis moskovSi

gagzavnisaTvis xelis SeSla, rostomi da Sah abasi cdi-

lobdnen misi ruseTis sataxtoSi Casvlis mniSvneloba, rac

SeiZleboda SeesustebinaT. am mizans emsaxureboda rosto-

mis mier moskovSi elCis gagzavna.

muslimani rostomi xom qristianuli qveynis mefe iyo,

rasac ruseTisaTvis meore xarisxovani mniSvneloba ar

hqonda, Tanac mas monawileoba ar miuRia ruseT-iranis kon-

fliqtSi. rostomis jari ar monawileobda arc im samxedro

RonisZiebaSi, rodesac Sahis brZanebiT, aRmosavleT amier-

kavkasiis muslimani mmarTvelebis, darubandis, daRestnis

da waxuris razmebi xosrov xanis droSis qveS Seikribnen

da rusebis mier agebuli yvela axali cixe daangries. es am-

qarTlis urTierTobaSi. rostom xani da Teimuraz mefe. wignSi: sa-

qarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 327; tivaZe T., qarTlis me-

fe rostomis mier 1652 wels ruseTSi gagzavnili elCobis sakiTxi-

saTvis, `macne~, ist. seria, #3, 1973, gv. 117-118; kaWarava d., qarTuli

samefo-samTavroebis sagareo politikuri urTierTobebi XVII s-is

I naxevarSi. Teimuraz I-is, giorgi saakaZis, rostom I-is diploma-

tia. wignSi: qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 184-185.

512

bebi win uZRvoda erekle batoniSvilis moskovSi gamgzavre-

bas. xolo rac cixe-qalaq Tergis siaxloves ufliswulsa

da mis mxleblebs gadaxda, amaze ukve iTqva. `yvelaze mTava-

ri mainc is iyo, rom qarTlidan elCis gagzavniT iranis

mTavrobas saSualeba eZleoda erTxel kidev Seexsenebina

moskovisaTvis, Tu vis xelSi iyo realurad es teritoria,

romlis memkvidris iq Casvlasac agrerigad elodebodnen.

`Sahis provinciis qalaq Tbilisis~ mahmadiani rostom xani-

sagan gagzavnil mahmad xan-begs upirveles yovlisa, Cveni

azriT, Sahis Zlierebis demonstrireba unda moexdina da eC-

venebina, rom mTeli aRmosavleT saqarTvelo iranis Semad-

geneli nawili iyo. Aam diplomatiuri nabijiT gansazRvru-

li iyo Teimurazisa da erekles politikuri prestiJis Ser-

yeva~ _ werda T. tivaZe1.

Aaseve misaRebad mimaCnia imave mkvlevris mosazreba

mahmad xan begis moskovSi elCobaze, rom igi oficialurad

iranisa iyo da amdenad rostomisagan, rogorc damoukidebe-

li mefisagan ruseTTan diplomatiuri kavSiris damyarebis

mizniT elCis gagzavnis daSveba SeuZlebelia. àmave mize-

ziT, mahmad xan begis elCobis moTavseba saqarTvelo-ruse-

Tis urTierTobaTa ciklSi ar iqneboda gamarTlebuli~2.

Tu elCoba mxolod nominalurad iyo rostomisa, ma-

Sin gasarkvevia, ra mniSvneloba hqonda im xmebs, romlebic

elCobis moskovSi gamgzavrebasTan dakavSerebiT gavrcelda.

rogorc arsen suxanovis mogzaurobis aRweridan Cans, mTe-

li amierkavkasiis muslimani mosaxleoba SeSfoTebuli iyo

rostomis mier moskovSi elCis gagzavnis gamo, radgan, maT

rostomis amgvari moqmedeba Sahisadmi Ralatis tolfasad

miaCndaT. suxanovi werda: `... Tbilisidan ganjamde da ganji-

dan Semaxamde momaval arsens sxvadasxva xalxisagan gzaze

aseTi sityvebi esmoda: roca Cven gvkiTxavdnen Tbilisis am-

1 tivaZe T., qarTlis mefe rostomis mier 1652 wels ruseTSi gag-

zavnili elCobis sakiTxisaTvis, gv. 118 2 iqve.

513

bavs, ra ambavia TbilisSi, Cven ase gavigeT TiTqos rostom-

xani (iranis) Sahs ganudgao, nuTu es marTaliao...~1

veTanxmebi T. tivaZes, rom iranis xelisuflebas ar aw-

yobda aseTi xmebis gavrceleba, radgan saqarTveloSi misi

erTaderTi dasayrdeni rostomis Sesaxebac Tu ityodnen, rom

igi irans ganudga da ruseTs miemxro, amierkavkasiaSi ruse-

Tis poziciisa da gavlenis gaZlierebas, Sesabamisad ki, ira-

nis poziciebis Sesustebas gamoiwvevda2. maS ra hqonda Cafiq-

rebuli Sahis kars. misTvis xom Tavidanve iyo cnobili, rom

rostomis mier moskovSi elCis gagzavna ar daimaleboda?

SahisaTvis arasasimovno xmebis SeCerebis araviTari

saSualeba ar arsebobda. amitom Sahi am xmebis Tavis sasar-

geblod gamoyenebas Seecada. marTali iyo n. nakaSiZe, rode-

sac fiqrobda, rom rostomis iranisgan gandgomis Sesaxeb

xmebis gavrcelebis inspirirebas Sahi axdenda, raTa arapir-

dapiri gziT daerwmunebina ruseTis xelisufleba rostomis

ganzraxvis gulwrfelobaSi3.

unda gavixsenoT Sah abas II-is mier 1650 wels moskovSi

gagzavnili elCis mohamed yuli begis mier molaparakebisas

yuradRebis gamaxvileba rostom xanis moskovis xelmwifi-

sadmi gansakuTrebul pativiscemaze. Sahis elCisgan rostom

mefis qeba SemTxveviviTi ar unda iyos. vfiqrob am dros Sa-

his karze ukve Cafiqrebuli iyo da pirobebi mzaddeboda

qarTlis mefe rostomis elCis moskovSi CasvlisaTvis.

rostomis ganzraxva adreve gaugia Teimurazs. gasagebi

iyo, rom rostomis mier moskovSi gagzavnili elCoba mis-

Tvis da erekle ufliswulisaTvis sasikeTos arafers moi-

tanda. mas maSinve Tavisi kaci, vinme papuna da misi Tarjima-

ni, rostomis elCobis diskreditaciisa da misi SeCerebis

mizniT ruseTSi gaugzavnia. papunam Tergis voevodebs gadas-

ca Tavisi mefis Txovna moskovisken ar gaataron rostomis

1 cincaZe i., vasil gagaras da arsen suxanovis cnobebi, gv. 77. 2 tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv. 119. 3 Накашидзе Н., Ук. труд, с. 177.

514

elCi. papuna rostoms axasiaTebda, `rogorc gamahmadianebul

qarTvels, iranis Sahis momxres, Teimurazis mters, daviT

Teimurazis Zis mkvlels da ruseTis erTguli qarTvelebis

winaaRmdeg saSiS mebrZols~1. magram Teimurazis kacis mcde-

lobam sasurveli Sedegi ver gamoiRo. moskovis samefo kar-

ma, rogorc Cans, Teimurazis Txovnas angariSi ar gauwia da

rostomis elCi da misi amala sakmaod kargad miiRo. ra

Tqma unda, iq kargad moexsenebodaT sinamdvileSi visi inte-

resebis dasacavad midioda rostomis elCi.

savaraudoa, Sahs rostomis saxeliT moskovSi gagzavni-

li elCis saSualebiT, niadagis moesinjva undoda imis da-

sadgenad, SeiZleboda Tu ara iran-ruseTs Soris adre arse-

buli urTierTobis aRdgena. elCs iseTnairad unda emoqmeda,

rom Sahs principuli monarqis saxe SeenaerCunebina, aravis

efiqra, rom igi ukan ixevda ruseTis winaSe. rostomis elCis

warmatebis SemTxvevaSi, mis mier dawyebul saqmes Sahis dip-

lomatebi gaagrZelebdnen, rac sinamdvileSic moxda.

d. kaWaravas azriT, rostomsa da mis elCs Suamavlis

roli unda SeesrulebinaT ruseTsa da irans Soris gawyve-

tili diplomatiuri urTierTobis aRdgenaSi2, raSic mkvle-

vars veTanxmebi. magram vfiqrob, Suamavloba ar gulisxmob-

da ruseTsa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Soris myari urTier-

Tobis damyarebas. Tavisi statusidan gamomdinare amgvari

ganzraxva rostoms ar unda hqonoda. Sahisgan damalulad

ki aseTi nabijis gadadgma TviTmkvlelobis tolfasi iqne-

boda. rostomis droindeli qarTlis samefos SezRuduli

avtonomiis Sesaxeb, moskovSi kargad moexsenebodaT. rosto-

mis elCi iq Tu kargad miiRes, romelsac Catanili saCuqre-

bis sanacvlod siasamuris tyavebi gamoatanes3, es ufro Sa-

1 cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan, gv. 263. 2 qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II, gv. 184. 3 ~erTi Sekvra siasamuri 60 maneTiani, ori Sekvra siasamuri 50 ma-

neTiani, ori Sekvra siasamuri 35 maneTiani, sami Sekvra siasamuri

30 maneTiani TiToeuli ormoci. Tbilisis urustup xanis elCs mah-

515

his satelitis mimarT gamoCenili yuradRebis gamomJRavneba

iyo, vidre qarTlis mefisadmi. amgvari moqmedebiT ruseTis

xelmwifem Sahs agrZnobna, rom igi or qveyanas _ ruseTsa

da irans Soris, urTierTobis normalizebisaTvis mzad iyo.

amitom ver gamoiRo TeimurazisaTvis sasurveli Sedegi mis-

ma mcdelobam xeli SeeSala rostomis elCis moskovSi Cas-

vlisa an kargad miRebisaTvis.

politikaSi gamobrZmedil rostoms kargad ecodinebo-

da, rom ruseTsa da qarTlis samefos Soris srulfasovani

diplomatiuri urTierTobis damyareba ver moxerxdeboda.

aqve unda gavimeoro Cems mier erTxel ukve naTqvami, rom

Teimuraz mefis mier moskovSi gagzavnil werilebSi arc

erTxel ar aris naxsenebi rostom mefe, romelTanac ganu-

wyveteli da warumatebeli brZola hqonda. moskovSi, ro-

gorc maSindeli werilobiTi wyaroebidan Cans, TavianTi in-

formatorebis, Teimurazis werilebisa da elCebis meSveo-

biT sakmaod sruli warmodgena hqondaT aRmosavleT saqar-

TveloSi arsebul viTrebaze. moskovSi icodnen, rom yvela-

feri, politikuri mniSvnelobis mqone, rasac rostomi qar-

Tlsa da kaxeTSi moimoqmedebda, Sahis miTiTebiT an masTan

SeTanxmebiT xdeboda. rodesac Sahis despans amis Sesaxeb

pirdapir hkiTxes, winaTi Tu amgvar SekiTxvaze Sahis warmo-

madgenlebi pasuxs Tavs aridebdnen an sxvadasxva mizezebs

asaxelebdnen, axla muhamed yuli begma rostoms dasdo bra-

li. mefe aleqsi mixeilis Zis mier Sah abas II-saTvis gagzav-

nil sigelSi naTqvamia: `Cveni mefuri udidebulesobis boia-

rebisa da saTaTbiros xalxis TandaswrebiT Tqvenma despan-

ma, dasmul kiTxvaze ganacxada, rom mefe Teimurazsa da

mTel saqarTvelos wyena da akleba Tavs gadaxda rustem

xanisgan Tqveni nebis gareSe... Cveni mefuri udidebulesobis

gulisTvis... akrZaleT Teimurazisa da mTeli saqarTvelo-

saTvis wyenisa da ganadgurebis miyeneba da brZaneT daubru-

mad xan begs erTi Sekvra 40 maneTiani, ori Sekvra siasamuri 30 ma-

neTiani~. tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv. 121.

516

non mas CamorTmeuli qoneba, raTa gaizardos Cvens Soris

megobroba da siyvaruli~1.

sainteresoa, ratom axdenda Teimurazi rostomis ro-

lis ignorirebas saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi? sa-

varaudoa, Teimurazis rostomze dumili ganpirobebuli iyo

moskovis xelmwifis yuradRebis mTlianad Sahze gadatanisa

da yvelaferSi misi dadanaSaulebis surviliT. rac pira-

dad mas da mis qveyanas Tavs ubedureba daatyda yvelaferSi

damnaSave iyo Sahi. Teimurazis amgvari pozicia gasagebia:

mTavari iyo moskovis xelmwifis mier Sahze gavlenis moxde-

na. Tu amas miaRwevda, rostomTan saqmis mogvarebas veRara-

feri Seaferxebda. Teimurazi fiqrobda, radgan moskovis

xelmwifes kargi urTierToba hqonda SahTan, maSasadame, es

ukanaskneli Tu moindomebda, Sahis (da ara rostomis) mier

TeimurazisaTvis warTmeuli da rostomisaTvis gadacemuli

qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebis TeimurazisaTvis dabruneba

moxerxdeboda. niSandoblivia, moskovidan saqarTvelosken

momavali Teimuraz mefis mier yazanidan xelmwifisaTvis

gagzavnili werilis erTi fragmenti, romelSic igi Sahisa-

gan dacvas iTxovs da TviTonve sTavazobs imas, rac xelmwi-

fem Sahs unda misweros: `Tu Sen (Saho) Cemi siyvaruli gin-

da, maSin mefe Teimurazs nu eomebi, daubrune mas Tavisi sa-

xelmwifo da nuRar Seawuxeb, is CemTan siyvarulisaTvis

movida da ara omisaTvis~... iqneb man (Sahma) Seni mefuri udi-

debulesobis sityvebi Seisminos da aRar Semawuxos... es

aris Cemi saTxovari...~2

arsen suxanovis Canawerebidan zogierTi cnobis da-

mowmeba, imis dasamtkiceblad, rom rostoms moskovTan ur-

TierTobis damyarebis seriozuli ganzraxva hqonda, sakiT-

xis dadebiTad gadawyvetaSi ver dagvexmareba.

1653 wels saqarTveloSi meored movida arsen suxanovi.

misi Camosvlis mizani qristes kvarTis sakiTxis garkveva iyo:

1 Переписка, с. 63. 2 Там же, с. 80.

517

iyo Tu ara kvarTi daculi sveticxovlis taZarSi? magram am

sasuliero da politikuri moRvawes, ra Tqma unda, saqarTve-

loSi arsebuli politikuri viTarebac ainteresebda.

seqtemberSi arsen suxanovi TbilisSi movida, rostom-

xanis sasaxleSi zemoxsenebuli rusi mxatvari, ivane dani-

lovi, moZebna, raTa Tarjimnoba gaewia.

17 seqtembers kaTalikosma1 mas sanovage gaugzavna, me-

ore dRes (18 seqtemberi) ki arseni madlobis gadasaxdelad

kaTalikoss TviTon estumra. kaTalikosma arseni sadilze

miiwvia da uTxra: `Cveni mefe (xani) Tumca mahmadiani aris,

magram Cvens (qristianebis-e.m.) mimarT mowyalea. misgan ara-

viTari sawyeni ar Segvxvdenia. Tqveni xelmwife rom Cvens

qveyanas daikavebdes Cvens xans es gauxardeboda kidec~2.

vfiqrob, kaTalikosis naTqvami ar gamoxatavs rostom mefis

survils, miT umetes, rom cnobili ar aris raze awarmova

misma elCma molaparakeba moskovSi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,

rom Teimuraz mefes mravali momxre hyavda mTel saqarTve-

loSi, gansakuTrebiT ki qarTlsa da kaxeTSi, romlebic

mxars uWerdnen mis promoskovur politikasa da brZolas

rostomis winaaRmdeg, maSin gasagebi gaxdeba kaTalikosis

orazrovnad naTqvami. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom arsenis

maspinZeli kaTalikosis winamorbedi evdemoz I diasamiZe

(1632-1642) aqtiurad monawileobda rostomis winaaRmdeg mow-

yobil SeTqmulebaSi 1642 wels, risTvisac sikvdiliT dasa-

jes. amjeradac kaTalikosi ara rostomis, aramed Teimura-

zis im gegmas axmovanebs, romelic SeiZleba ruseTis saga-

reo politikaSi Caxeduli arsenisTvisac kargad cnobili

da misTvis gamiznuli iyo: ruseTis xelmwife saqarTveloSi

Tu jars Semoiyvanda, mas didi dabrkoleba ar Sexvdeboda.

sainteresoa isic, rom arsenma kaTalikosTan saubridan mxo-

lod, misi xelmwifisaTvis sayuradRebo es ori winadadeba

1 arseni ar ambobs kaTalikosis saxels, magram es unda iyos qris-

tofore II (urdubegisZe-amilaxvari, 1642-1660). 2 cincaZe i., vasil gagaras da arsen suxanovis cnobebi, gv. 72.

518

Semogvinaxa. is, rom kaTalikosi Teimurazis gegmis sasar-

geblod irjeboda, am mosazrebas kidev ufro aZlierebs ar-

senis saubari Tbilel episkopos elisesTan 21 seqtembers.

èpskoposma Tqva... gavigeT Cven, rom yumuxebi ruseTis xalxs

emterebian. gana ruseTis xelmwifes ar SeuZlia yumuxebs

(samagiero miuzRos)? raT uTmens amdens maT. brZanos da ma-

Ti murzebi daaWerinos da CamoaxrCobinos, imaT adgilze

Tavisi dasvas da am gziT yvela misi, xelmwifis, morCili

iqnebian. arsenma upasuxa: ras ambob, xelmwifes yumuxebTan

gamklaveba ar SeuZlia?... magram Cveni xelmwife mowyalea,

sisxlis daRvra ar unda... episkoposma ki Tqva: xelmwife

rom rogorme yumuxebs daipyrobdes, maSin kaxeTic misi sa-

xelmwifos Seiqmneba, xolo rogorc ki kaxeTs daiWers Tbi-

lisic misi, xelmwifisave gaxdeba~1.

yumuxebis kaxeTze Tavdasxmis SeCerebis umTavres piro-

bad Teimuraz mefes ruseTis mier maTi damorCileba miaCnda.

amgvari tendencia wiTel xazad gasdevs mis diplomatiur

urTierTobas moskovTan 1615-1655 wlebSi. gana Teimurazis mi-

er moskovis saqarTveloTi dainteresebis gegma ar iTvalis-

winebda misTvis saqarTvelos wiaRiseulis damuSavebis SeTa-

vazebas, rac elise Tbilelma suxanovTan saubarSi erTxel

kidev gaimeora? èpiskoposma momiTxro agreTve, _ wers suxa-

novi, _ rom kaxeTSi erTi mTa aris, romelSiac sufTa ver-

cxlis madania TiTqos, magram am madans Cven vmalavT da ar

vacxadebT, radganac Sahma rom es gaigos, CvenSi qristiano-

bis fesvs amoagdebs, rogorc ki madnis damuSavebas daiwyebs.

da sxvebic amasve amboben, moskovelma xatis ostatma ivanemac

Tqva: WeSmaritad ase ariso, me TviTon vnaxeo. xolo (elise)

episkoposi iq wavida kaxeTSi, undoda TbilisSi arsenisaTvis

im madnis nimuSi gamoegzavna. magram arseni ver daeloda da

wamovida, radganac mas amxanagebi daemgzavra Semaxisaken~2.

1 iqve, gv. 73-74. 2 iqve, gv. 75.

519

Teimuraz mefis sagareo politikisa da diplomatiis ganxil-

vis dros, yovelive amis Sesaxeb, ukve vrclad iTqva.

amgvarad, SeiZleba varaudi, rom rostomis samefoSi Teimu-razs kvlav hyavda momxreebi ierarqebis saxiT, romlebic saqmis kursSi iy-vnen da iziarebdnen tanjuli mefis sagareo politikis mTavar mimarTulebas _ gaeaqtiurebina ruseTis kavkasiuri politika da gamoeyenebina igi Tavisi sa-mefo xelisuflebis aRdgenisaTvis. rostomi ki, meore xarisxovani figura iyo Sah abas II-is diplomatiur TamaSSi.

uSvilo rostoms, mTeli mefobis ganmavlobaSi, mem-

kvidris sakiTxi awuxebda. misi ramdenime cda eSvilebina

vinme, marcxiT damTavrda. mxolod Rrma moxucebulobaSi,

1653 wels Tavis memkvidred amoirCia bagrationebis gverdi-

Ti Stos, muxranbatonebis warmomadgeneli vaxtangi. igi

iranSi gaamahmadianes, rostomis memkvidred daamtkices da

amis Semdeg, rostomis avadmyofobis gamo qarTlis gamgeb-

lad daniSnes.

1656 wels Sahma kaxeTi rostoms CamoarTva da ganjis

beglarbegs selim-xans gadasca, ris mizezic kaxeT-ruseTis

urTierTobis gaaqtiureba iyo. rostomma ver SesZlo jer

erekle ufliswulis, Semdeg ki Teimurazis moskovSi gam-

gzavrebis aRkveTa. amas emateboda Teimurazis mier organi-

zebuli kaxelebis mudmivi brZola iranis agresiis winaaR-

mdeg. Sah abas II-m gadawyvita, erT dros Sah abas I-is mier

SemuSavebuli gegmis mixedviT, kaxeTis samefos sruli lik-

vidacia moexdina, rac kaxeTSi Turqmanebis Camosaxlebas da

misi iranis provinciad (saxanod) gadaqcevas gulisxmobda.

rodesac yizilbaSebma am gegmis ganxorcieleba daiwyes,

amas mohyva kaxelebis didi ukmayofileba. Sahma kontrRonis-

Zieba gaatara: kaxeTSi Casaxlebuli Turqmanebis dasacavis

cixesimagreTa sistemis mSenebloba daiwyes, rasac kaxeleb-

ma didi ajanyebiT upasuxes 1660 wels.

rostom mefe gardaicvala 1658 wels. igi iranSi dak-

rZales. kaxeTSi vaxtang V Sahnavazi (1658-1675) gamefda.

520

II. imereTis mefeebis _ giorgi III-isa da aleqsandre III-is sagareo politika da diplomatia XVII s. dasawyisisaTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi iyo

imereTis samefo, guriis, odiSisa da afxazeTis samTavroe-

bi. wesisa da tradiciis mixedviT imereTis mefe uzenaes xe-

lisuflad, xolo mTavrebi mis vasalebad iTvlebodnen. si-

namdvileSi ki, mTavrebi saSinao da sagareo politikuri

kursis gatarebisas sruli damoukideblobiT sargeblob-

dnen, rasac, Tavisi xelisuflebis sisustis gamo, mefec

aRiarebda.

imereTis samefos Sinagani politikuri sisustis miu-

xedavad, ucxoelebSi gavrcelebuli iyo Sexeduleba, rom

qarTvel mefeebs Soris imereTis mefe, Tavisi warmoSobis

mixedviT, upiratesobiT sargeblobda. amas aRniSnavdnen

XVII saukunis mogzaurebi da istorikosebi: Turqi mogzauri

evlia Celebi1, Turqi istorikosi ibrahim feCevi2, ierusali-

mis berZeni patriarqi dosiTeos II imereTis mefes ìveriis

mefeT mefed~ moixseniebda3, Sardenis TqmiTac, imereTis me-

fe Tavis werilebSi Tavis Tavs `mefeT mefes~ uwodebda4.

XVII s. pirvel naxevarSi odiSisa da guriis samTavroe-

bisadmi interesi gauCnda sam did saxelmwifos _ osmaleTs,

iransa da ruseTs. dasaxelebul samTavroebs kargi strategi-

uli da ekonomikuri mniSvneloba hqonda. osmaleTis intere-

si dasavleT saqarTvelos mimarT, gansakuTrebiT naTlad ga-

moCnda XVI s. bolo meoTxedidan. sulTani dasavleT saqar-

Tveloze Tavisi gavlenis gavrcelebas cdilobda.

amasiis sazavo xelSekrulebiT iranma dasavleT saqar-

1 evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wigni~, Turqulidan Targmna, komen-

tarebi da gamokvleva daurTo g. fuTuriZem, nakv. II, gamokvleva,

komentarebi, Tb., 1973, gv. 298. 2 ibrahim feCevi, gv. 43-44. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis isto-

riidan, gv. 159. 4 Jan Sardeni, gv. 205.

521

Tvelo osmaleTis mflobelobaSi aRiara, rasac am ukanas-

knelisTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda, magram mas Tavis wil-

xvedrilze realuri xelisuflebis gavrceleba nominalu-

rad uxdeboda. dasavleTi saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebi

mxolod simbolur morCilebaze Tanxmdebodnen. osmaleTi

iZulebuli iyo mSvidobianad, molaparakebebiT, muqariTac

moegvarebina maTTan dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi mniSvnelo-

vani sakiTxebi.

XVII saukunis frangi vaWari da mogzauri Jan batist

tavernie dasavleT saqarTvelos mdgomareobasa da osmale-

Tis saxelmwifosTan mis urTierTobas ase gadmogvcems: `sul-Tani Zlier kmayofilia am qveynis agre danawilebis gamo, radgan, roca sami-ve nawili erTad iyo, erTi xelmwifis qveS, sulTans ar SeeZlo maTi damorCi-leba, mizezi amisa is iyo, rom imereTis mefes maSin SeeZlo

mokle droSi gamoeyvana salaSqrod TiTqmis ormocdaaTi

aTasi kaci. ganudga Tu ara imereTis mefes dadiani, SeuTan-

xmda did seniors (osmaleTis sulTans _e.m.) da valdebule-

ba ikisra misTvis miewodebina rkinis erTgvari raodenoba

im pirobiT, rom imereTTan omis SemTxvevaSi didi seniori

mas trapizonis, erzerumisa da yarsis safaSoebidan 20 aTa-

samde cxenosans miaSvelebda~1.

rac Seexeba imereTis samefos, pietro dela vales mi-

xedviT, igi mdebareobs qveynis siRrmeSi, Sors, rogorc

Turqebisagan, ise sparselebisagan, irgvliv daculia mTe-

biT, mdinareebiTa da xeobebiT. imereTi Tavisufalia, spar-

selebisa da Turqebisagan, Tumca garegnulad iseT STabeW-

dilebas axdens viTomc rogorc erTis ise meoris megoba-

ria. sinamdvileSi igi aravis endoba, da Tavis miwa-wyalze

aravis jaris yofnas ar dauSvebs religiuri SeuTavseblo-

bis gamo2.

1 tavernie Jan batist, didi senioris samefo karis axali aRwera,

frangulidan Targmna da gamosca k. gurulma, Tb., 1974, gv. 235. 2 pietro dela vale, gv. 57.

522

dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebi _ imereTi,

samegrelo, guria da afxazeTi osmaleTis vasalebi iyvnen

da uxdidnen xarks1, romlis raodenoba zustad gansazRvru-

li ar iyo da politikuri situaciis mixedviT icvleboda.

XVII s. pirvel naxevarSi osmaleTsa da imereTis same-

fos Soris arsebul urTierTobas, evlia Celebis mixedviT,

safuZveli Caeyara selim I-is droidan, maSin rodesac igi

trapizonis beglarbegi iyo. Mman `quTatisis cixeSi imere-

Tis begTan kargi megobroba daamyara, rodesac damoukidebe-

li fadiSahi gaxda, imereTis olqs xaraja2 da urfis gada-

saxadi3 mouxsna da gaaTavisufla. dRemde Tavisufali ari-

an. ubralod, yovelwliurad stambolSi tyveebs, Sevar-

dnebs, sonRulebs, jorebs da iSviaTi silamazis qarTvel

qalebs agzavnian~4. Mm. svaniZe amave wyaroze dayrdnobiT aR-

niSnavs, rom evlia Celebi imereTis samefos Tvlida òjak-

lik huqumeTad~, romliTac osmaluri wyaroebi aRniSnaven

sasazRvro teritoriaze mdebare adgilobriv sammarTvelo

erTeulebs. maTi gamgeblebi aRiarebdnen sulTnis uzenaes

xelisuflebas da sruliad damoukidebelni iyvnen saSinao

saqmeebSi. `magram imereTis samefosa da ojaklik huqumeTebs

Soris is gansxvaveba iyo, rom imereTis mefis taxtze as-

vlisas ar iyo saWiro sulTnis nebarTva, maSin, rodesac hu-

qumeTis axal gamgebels sulTnisagan baraTi unda mieRo,

amasTan ojaklik huqumeTebis gamgeblebi mahmadianebi iyvnen

da sxva. Aase rom, evlia Celebis Sedareba imereTis samefo-

1 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 300. 2 xaraja _ dapyrobili, aramuslimani glexobis gadasaxadi, rom-

lis ori saxeoba arsebobda _ naturaluri da fuladi. xarajas

gadasaxadis es meore nawili glexobas muslimanebTan SedarebiT

mZime mdgoimareobaSi ayenebda. vrclad ix. Eevlia Celebi, II, gv.109. 3 urfi _ tradiciaze damyarebuli samarTali. osmaleTSi gadasa-

xadebis ori ZiriTadi kategoria iyo: SariaTis gadasaxadebi da

urfis gadasaxadebi mosaxleobisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mZimed iyo.

iqve, gv. 163-164. 4 iqve, gv. 298.

523

si ojaklik huqumeTTan ar unda iyos swori~1, radgan XVII

s. pirvel naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTvelos osmaleTTan da-

mokidebulebis forma SedarebiT msubuqi iyo. Mmagram, ro-

gorc Cans, qarTvelebi arc `msubuq~ damokidebulebas egue-

bodnen da sruli Tavisuflebisaken miiswrafodnen. osmale-

Tis xelisufleba, aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo, Tavs ikavebda

imereTis samefos winaaRmdeg iaraRis gamoyenebaze, radgan

ufro efeqturi iyo ekonomikuri berketebiT zemoqmedeba.

dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebs, rogorc

wesi, ar evalebodaT osmalebis laSqrobebSi TavianTi Seia-

raRebuli ZalebiT monawileoba, garda gamonaklisi Sem-

Txvevebisa. ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia, amgvari gamonak-

lisis dro dgeboda maSin, rodesac osmalebi samxedro ope-

raciebis warmoebas gegmavdnen aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa

da, saerTod, aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi.

dasavleT saqarTvelosTan amgvari urTierTobis rigs

unda mivakuTvnoT sulTan murad IV-is mier giorgi saakaZi-

saTvis micemul firmanSi asaxuli brZaneba. firmani, misi

Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, dawerili unda iyos 1626 wels2. am

dros saakaZe samcxeSi imyofeboda da sulTans yizilbaSe-

bis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daxmareba ramdenjerme sTxova

(`dawvrilebiTi da vrceli~ werilebi gaugzavna). imis gamo,

rom samxedro operaciebis warmoeba ganzraxuli iyo aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloSi, `didebuli brZaneba daegzavna agreT-

ve guriis, samegrelosa da imereTis mefeebs masSi, rom, Cemi

samaradiso taxtisa da Seuryeveli Cemi dinastiisadmi maTi

erTgulebisa da morCilebis Sesabamisad, TqvenTan (qarTl-

kaxeTTan_e.m.) erTsulovanni iyvnen da samsaxuris Sesrule-

bas gulmodginebiTa da yuradRebiT moekidon~3. sulTnis

brZanebis Seusruleblobis umTavresi mizezi Teimuraz me-

1 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osmaleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 222. 2 xonTqris mier didi mouravisadmi gacemuli sigeli. enimkis moam-

be, XIII, Tb., 1943, gv. 235. am firmanis s. jiqiaseul daTariRebaSi

arsebuli lafsusis Sesaxeb, zemoT ukve iTqva. 3 jiqia s., dasax. naSr., gv. 236-240.

524

fesa da giorgi saakaZes Soris SeuTanxmebloba iyo, rome-

lic SemdegSi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi gadaizarda da ba-

zaleTis brZoliT dasrulda.

dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebsa da osma-

leTis saxelmwifos Soris damyarebuli amgvari urTierTo-

ba hqonda mxedvelobaSi evlia Celebis, rodesac igi werda:

`radganac samegrelosi da gurjistanis (igulisxmeba danar-

Ceni dasavleT saqarTvelo _e.m.) [sxva] begebic morCilni

arian, yovelwliurad mSvidobianobisa da morCilebis dasa-

dastureblad ormoc-ormocdaaTamde biWsa da gogos, aTas

wyvil TivTikis windas, sasaxlis samzareulosaTvis aTas

wyvil tilos da sxva mraval ZRvens agzavnian da iwereba

wigni pirobisa, rac trapizonis faSebisadmi morCilebas gu-

lisxmobs~1.

evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wigni~ da sxva wyaroebic

gviCvenebs, rom osmaleTis xelisufleba dasavleT saqar-

Tvelos samefo-samTavroebisagan mxolod sityvieri morCi-

lebis dapirebiTa da simboluri ZRvnis mirTmeviT kmayo-

fildeboda.

osmaleTis xelisuflebis umTavresi moTxovna iyo, da-

savleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis sagareo politi-

ka ar yofiliyo osmaleTis interesebis sawinaaRmdego. maT

gansakuTrebiT ekrZalebodaT kavSiri iranTan. sxva saxelm-

wifoebTan urTierTobaSi isini ar izRudebodnen.

Oosmalebis mier dasavleT saqarTvelosTan urTier-

TobaSi sifrTxilis gamoCenis mizezTagani unda yofiliyo

kazakebis TareSi Sav zRvaSi, romelic did zarals ayenebda

imperiis sanapiro qlaqebsa da sxva dasaxlebul adgilebs.

qarTvelebze zewolis gamkacrebis SemTxvevaSi isini SeiZ-

leboda kazakebs osmalebis winaaRmdeg dakavSirebodnen,

rac kidev ufro gaarTulebda osmalebis mdgomareobas Savi

zRvaSi. rogorc SemdegSi davinaxavT, osmalebTan urTier-

1 evlia Celebi, gv. 83.

525

Tobis dros, qarTvelebi mainc manipulirebdnen kazakebis

mZarcveluri TavdasxmebiT.

dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebsa da osma-

leTis imperias Soris SedarebiT mSvidobiani urTierToba

SenarCunebuli iqna XVII s. pirveli naxevarSi. ise Canda,

rom osmaleTis xelisufleba dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-

mTavrebis mier vasalobis sityvieri aRiarebiT kmayofilde-

boda.

mas Semdeg, rac Sah abas I-ma 1606 wels osmalebi qar-

Tlidan gaaZeva, osmaleTis xelisuflebis saqarTvlosTan

urTierToba mxolod imereTis samefoTi, guriis, odiSisa

da afxazeTis samTavroebiT Semoifargleboda. magram es ar

niSnavda imas, rom osmaleTma sabolood xeli aiRo aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloze. igi movlenebis ganviTarebas fxiz-

lad adevnebda Tvals. sulTnis diplomatia yovel xelsay-

rel viTarebaSi imdenad aqtiurobda, rom yvelasaTvis gasa-

gebi xdeboda, osmaleTi masze droebiT ambobda uars da

misTvis sul erTi ar iyo, Tu ra xdeboda qarTlisa da ka-

xeTis samefoebSi.

* * *

imereTis mefe rostomis gardacvalebis Semdeg taxti

daikava misma Zmam giorgi III (1605-1639).

1600 w. gardaicvala giorgi gurieli. gurieli gaxda

misi Ze mamaia II (1600-1625).

Sesaferis adgilas iTqva, rom iyo dasavleT saqarTve-

los samefo-samTavroebis farTo antiosmalur koaliciaSi

erToblivi monawileobis cdebi.

1614 wels Sah abasis mier qarTl-kaxeTis dapyrobis

Semdeg Teimuraz da luarsab mefeebma imereTis samefoSi

Seafares Tavi. Sahi cdilobda radac ar unda dajdomoda

xelT egdo Tavisi `qveSevrdomi mefeebi~.

1619 wels qarTvelma elCma xaritonma moskovSi Caitana

werlebi, romlebSic aRniSnuli iyo rogor miiRes dasav-

526

leT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebma Teimurazi mefe da rogor

daexmarnen mas.

imereTis mefe giorgis werilSi ZiriTadad laparakia

imaze, Sahma Teimurazi rogor moatyua, misi samefo daipyro

da mefem imereTis samefoSi Seafara Tavi. mefe giorgim da

gurielma gadawyvites, rom Tavs dasdebdnen da Sahs Teimu-

razs ar daanebebdnen. iqve Txovnac iyo, rom rusT xelmwi-

fem Tavisi xalxi gagzavnos imereTSi, raTa sakuTari Tva-

liT ixilon arsebuli mdgomareoba da amis Semdeg qarTve-

lebis mtrebs aRar daujeros1.

Sah abasi, rom imereTis samefoSi TavSefarebuli Tei-

murazisa da luarsabis xelTgdebas fiqrobda, amas farsa-

dan gorgijaniZe Semdegnairad gadmogvcems: `yaeni niqozs

mivida da iqidam jari gauZaxa da oseTi daarbevina da gi-

orgi mefes risxviane wingni miwera: Cveni ymani TqvenTan

mosrulano, gamogvigzavneTo, Torada jars gamogiZaxebTo.

imas dabali saxvewari wingni moewera: ymas rom batonisagan

eSinodeso, erTgulebaSi Caigdebiso. amaT Tqvengan eSiniano,

merme kidec daviTxovo, afxazeTs wavleno da imereTi rom

kidec daarbioTo, Romis mets veras iSovniano da visac ar

uWamiao Romi, Wamoso, gamuniandebiano da eseni TavianT ne-

biT Tqveni naxva ar SeuZliaTo~2. miuxedavad Sahis muqarisa,

giorgi III-m Tavisi elCebi _ afxazeTis kaTalikosi malaqia

da levan abaSiZe SahTan waravlina da qarTlisa da kaxeTis

mefeebisaTvis maTi samkvidros dabruneba iTxova3.

elCebma Sahs Zvirfasi saCuqrebi miarTves da moaxsenes,

rom giorgi mefe qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebs ar gascemda.

qarTveli mefeebi, ra Tqma unda, iTvaliswinebdnen im

bunebriv dabrkolebebs, romlebic imereTis samefosa da

qarTlSi myof yizilbaSebs Soris arsebobda, magram maT

mxedvelobaSi eqnebodaT isic, rom Sahi sityvieri muqaris

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 52-54. 2 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 229. 3 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 393.

527

iqiT ver wavidoda. yizilbaSebis mier imereTis samefos

sazRvris gadalaxva gamoiwvevda sulTnis karis mkacr reaq-

cias: SeiZleboda or muslimanur saxelmwifos Soris Seia-

raRebuli dapirispireba momxdariyo, rac mocemul period-

Si Sah abasisaTvis miuRebeli iyo.

Sahi gaiTvaliswinebda, agreTve, dasavleT saqarTve-

los mefe mTavrebis konsolidacias qarTlisa da kaxeTis

mefeebis dasacavad, rac garkveviT aisaxa maT mier moskovSi

gagzavnil werilebSi.

giorgi III ruseTis xelmwifes atyobinebda, rom Sah

abasma aaoxra iveriis miwa, Teimurazi Tavis samefodan gan-

devna da Tavs CvenTan afarebso. imereTis mefe imasac atyo-

binebda moskovSi, rom Sahma CvenTan elCi gamogzavna da me-

fe Teimurazis gadacema moiTxova (luarsab II ukve Sahis ty-

veobaSi iyo), Tu mis moTxovnas ar davakmayofilebdiT, aox-

rebiT gvemuqreboda. Cven yvela qristiani (qarTveli) mefee-

bi SeviyareniT Cven-Cveni laSqriT da yizilbaSebis Sahs

qristiani mefis gacemaze uari vuTxariTo1.

moskovis xelmwifisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi Teimura-

zisadmi mxardasaWerad mefe giorgi, me da sadadianos

mflobeli levan dadiani SevikribeT erTad, raTa uari vuT-

xraT Sahis moTxovnasa da muqaraso2 _ swerda gurieli mos-

kovis xelmwifes.

1614 w. 4 oqtombers Tergis voevoda p. golovini moskov-

Si mixeil Tedores Zes acnobebda, rom iranidan dabrunda

yumuxeli bitupi, romelsac gamovkiTxe da miambo: is arde-

bilSi eleparaka Sahis meomrebs, romlebisganac gaigo, ro-

gor daipyro Sahma (aRmosavleTi) saqarTvelo, Semdeg dadia-

nis qveyanaSi gagzavna 20 aTasi meomari gaZevebuli Teimura-

zisa da luarsabis winaaRmdeg. Teimurazi luarsabTan er-

Tad, dadianis jariT, yizilbaSebs viwro xeobebSi Causafrda

da 20 aTasidan aTasma Tu daaRwia Tavi. amis Semdeg Sah abas-

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 47. 2 Там же, с. 55.

528

ma elCi gagzavna dadianis qveyanaSi TeimurazTan da SeuTva-

la, rom igi SahTan misuliyo da mas uwyalobebda saqrTve-

los da Zveleburad imefebda. Teimurazma elCi TavisTan daa-

kava, SahTan ki kacebi gagzavna da SeuTvala: me morCilebis

gamosacxadeblad gamogigzavne deda, Cemi Zma da Svilebi, ra-

Ta Cemi samflobeloebi ar dagepyro da eklesiebi ar gage-

nadgurebina, Sen ki isini aRar gamouSvi, qveyana aikeli da

gaZarcve. erTaderTi rac SemrCa guli da sulia da vidre vi-

cocxleb me maT ar mogcem da arc SenTan moval, male, Seni

ganadgurebis Semdeg, kvlav vimefeb Cems qveyanaSi1.

rusul wyaroSi gadmocemuli ambavi, kerZod, Sahis ja-

ris dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadasvlisa da qarTvelebisa-

gan maTi amowyvetis, Teimurazis mier SahTan Tavisi kacis

gagzvnis Sesaxeb, sxva wyaroebiT ar dasturdeba, magram igi

gasaTvaliswinebelia, ramdenadac, maTSi gamosWvivis Tana-

medroveTa Sexeduleba dampyroblebisadmi qarTvelTa med-

gar winaaRmdegobaze.

Teimurz I-ma imereTis samefodan daiwyo diplomatiuri

kontaqtebis daamyara mezobel da Soreul saxelmwifoebTan

da iranis winaaRmdeg daxmarebas iTxovda. rogorc iTqva,

mis gverdiT dadgnen dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi.

kaTolike misioneris lui granJes cnobebis mixedviT

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom Teimuraz mefe osmaleTis karze

niadagis mosinjvas odiSis mTavris elCis saSualebiT cdi-

lobda. granJe gadmogvcems, rom 1614 wlis bolos2, stambol-

Si Cavida saqarTvelos elCoba, romelSic imyofeboda erTi

episkoposi da samegrelos warmomadgeneli. qarTveli episko-

posi, m. svaniZis azriT, unda iyos Teimuraz mefis elCi, ru-

1 Там же, dok. #6, gv. 133. 2 lui granJes cnoba m. svaniZem ingliseli istorikosis r. knoel-

zis naSromidan (Knolles R., The Generall Historei of the Turks, Oxsford, 1631)OamoiRo da daaTariRa 1613 wliT. radgan Sah abasis yizilba-

Sebi 1614 wlis martSi SemoiWrnen saqarTveloSi, granJes naTqvamic

amave wlis ambavs unda asaxavdes.

529

sul wyaroebSi xSirad moxseniebuli arqiepiskoposi Teodo-

se1, rasac, Cemi azriT, samarTlianad ar iziarebs T. tivaZe

da miaCnia, rom es unda iyos iRumeni xaritoni2. elCebma

sulTans acnobes aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi sparselebis Se-

mosevis ambavi da daxmareba iTxoves. sulTanma ganacxada,

rom Teimurazs im SemTxvevaSi daexmareboda Tu odiSisa da

guriis samTavroebi xarks gadauxdidnen. savarudoa, rom

sulTnis es moTxovna winaswar iyo cnobili da amitom Car-

Tes elCobis SemadgenlobaSi odiSis mTavris warmomadgeneli,

romelsac mTavrebis saxeliT unda daedasturebina Tanxmoba

sulTnis moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze. miuxedavad amisa, qarTu-

li samTavroebisagan xarkis gadaxdaze molaparakeba, qarTuli

mxaris mtkice poziciis gamo, rTulad mimdinareobda.

saqarTvelos mimarT seriozul dainteresebas amJRav-

nebda safrangeTis elCi konstantinopolSi. lui granJes

TqmiT, safrangeTis elCi yuradRebas iCenda qarTveli elCe-

bisadmi. garegnulad es yuradReba imaSi gamoixateboda, rom

igi `samegrelos mTavris elCs xSirad elaparakeboda imis

Sesaxeb, rom misTvis Tan gaveyolebineT (misionerebi _e.m.)~3.

sinamdvileSi elCis mizani sxva rame iyo. misionerebi,

rogorc sxva dros, amjeradac dasavleT evropis garkveuli

Zalebis agentebs warmoadgendnen4. pietro dela vale erT-

erTi instruqciiT misionerebs pirdapir avalebda: `saqar-

TveloSi CasvlisaTanave, SeadgineT detaluri da zusti in-

formacia iqauri xalxis cxovrebis yvela sakiTxze. auci-

lebelia daadginoT: mefuri sisxlis yvela mTavris, aseve

qveyanaSi gamoCenili pirovnebis _ kacisa da qalis rogorc

saeklesio, ise saero pirovnebis saxeli. aseve saxelwodede-

ba qalaqebisa da mniSvnelovani adgilebis, gzebis, romleb-

1 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv.

260. 2 tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv. 20. 3 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv.135. 4 tabaRua i. dasax. naSr., gv. 127.

530

sac ufro metad amjobineben vaWrebi da mogzaurebi. saWi-

roa SeadginoT sia Cveni megobari qarTvelebisa da daadgi-

noT maTi kavSirebi im qveynebTan, romlebTanac saqarTve-

los urTierToba aqvs; daazustoT, Tu ra saSualebiT da

ra gziT amyareben isini urTierTobas ama Tu im qveyanasTan;

visTan aqvT qarTvelebs damokidebuleba mtruli, saomari

an megobruli; vis esazRvrebian isini da sxva aTasi detali,

romlebic ar unda gamogrCeT mxedvelobidan. nu daizarebT,

rom yovelive es sistematurad SegvatyobinoT~. dadianis

elCisaTvis misionerebis gayolebiT, safrangeTis elCs un-

doda Tvalyuri edevnebina osmaleTisa da saqarTvelos me-

fe-mTavrebis samSvidobo molaparakebisaTvis da SeZlebisda

gvarad gavlenac moexdina masze. rodesac dadianis elCma

Tanxmoba ganacxada misionerebis wayvanis Sesaxeb, man, ro-

gorc lui granJe wers, `didad ganaTlebulma elCma arafe-

ri dazoga am mgzavrobisaTvis, mogvca xuTasi oqro rome-

lic saWiro iyo am misionisaTvis. amas garda mSvenieri sa-

Cuqrebi miarTva faSas da masTan yvelaferi moagvara~1.

safrangeTis elCis amgvari interesi sazavo molapara-

kebisadmi ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom man kargad icoda,

ra Sedegi SeiZleboda mohyoloda osmaleTis SeTanxmebas

saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebTan, rac garkveul gavlenas moax-

denda iran-osmaleTis Semdgom urTierTobaze, kerZod maT

Soris omis sakiTxze. es ki safrangeTisTvis metad mniSvne-

lovani iyo. safrangeTi, tradiciulad, dainteresebuli ar

iyo iran-osmaleTis omiT, radgan igi osmaleTs aSorebda

evropis saqmeebs. bunebrivia, safrangeTis elCi Seecdeboda

momavali iran-osmaleTis omis acilebas. Cans qarTvelma

diplomatebma kargad icodnen safrangeTisa da misi agente-

bis pozicia am sakiTxSi da maTTan Sexvedrisas gaurbodnen

politikur Temaze saubars, gansakuTrebiT ki, iranTan sa-

xedro konfliqtis sakiTxs.

1 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 135; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv.

37..

531

granJe iZulebulia aRiaros, rom qarTvelebi misione-

rebisadmi undoblobas iCendnen, radgan isini xSirad saf-

rangeTis interesebs emsaxurebodnen (amiTi iyo ganpirobebu-

li safrangeTis konstantinopoleli elCis yuradReba misi-

onerebisadmi) da adgilobriv xalxs Cvenze cudi warmodge-

na Seeqmnao1.

sulTanma dadianis elCs omar faSa gaayola, romel-

sac molaparakeba unda ewarmoebina guria-samegreloSi. lui

granJe wers: `Cven axla davrwmundiT imaSi, raSic eWvi gve-

pareboda konstantinopolSi, rom metad Zneli iqneboda za-

vis dadeba samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebTan da, rom es

did dros moiTxovs. imave dros Turqebma daiwyes am mTav-

rebis despanebis dakaveba tyveebis msgavsad. amdenad, Cven-

Tvis ukeTesi iyo gvecxovra da gvemogzaura calke, raTa

TurqebSi eWvi ar gamogvewvia megrelebTan erTad yofniT~2.

sazavo molaparakeba rTulad mimdinareobda. lui

grnJes mixedviT, gurieli da dadiani TurqeTis mier SeTava-

zebul pirobebs ar Tanxmdebodnen3.

radgan zavis dadeba Wianurdeboda, misionerebi gaWir-

vebas ganicdidnen. maT faSas sTxoves, dadianis samflobe-

loebSi Sesvlis neba mieca, miT umetes, rom mas aseTi piro-

ba micemuli hqonda safrangeTis elCisaTvis, an ukan, kon-

stantinopolSi dasabruneblad kaci gaeyolebina. magram fa-

Sam ganacxada, rom mas sulTnisagan nabrZanebi hqonda, ara-

vin SeeSva samegreloSi, vidre zavi ar daideboda da sia-

movnebiT misca pasportebi konstantinopolSi dasabruneb-

lad4. Cans, osmaleTis mTavroba undoblobas ucxadebda mi-

sionerebs, rogorc evropel qristianebs, raTa isini, sazavo

molaparakebis dros, qarTvelebs ar daxmarebodnen.

1 svaniZe m., dasax. naSr., gv. 261. 2 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 40. 3 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 137; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 43. 4 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 138; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv.

36.

532

misionerebi ukan gabrunebas apirebdnen, magram am

dros faSasTan movida gurielis macne, romelmac moutana

mTavris Tanxmoba zavis dadebisa da xarkis gadaxdis Sesa-

xeb. marTlac, 1614 wlis 13 dekembers, baTumSi, mTavarma da

sulTnis despanma xeli moaweres osmaleTsa da guriis sam-

Tavros Soris zavze SeTanxmebas1. amis Semdeg, 3 Tebervals

osmaleTis warmomadgenlebi (`romlebic Sua kacni iyvnen

zavis Camogdebis saqmeSi~) odiSis samTavroSi gadavidnen

da, savaraudoa (granJe ar gvamcnobs arc molaparakebis

msvlelobisa da arc zavis dadebis TariRs), imave TveSi sa-

zavo xelSekruleba dadianTanac gaformda. dadianmac iki-

sra xarkis gadaxda. amaze migvaniSnebs lui granJe. rodesac

igi da misi Tanamgzavrebi samegreloSi mTavarTan Sexved-

ras elodebodnen, im dros dadiani dakavebuli iyo `kon-

stantinopols gasagzavni xarkis momzadebaSi~2.

dadianTan Sexvedramde misionerebma mamia gurielis

simamrisagan gaiges, rom mTavari maTdami keTilganwyobili

iyo, radgan ìman kargad icoda, Tu ra pativi sca konstan-

tinopolSi safrangeTis elCma mis warmomadgenels~3.

sayuradeboa, rom misionerebis odiSis samTavroSi

yofnis dros iq imyofeboda kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I, `rome-

lic SarSan iranis mefem Tavis sabZaneblidan gandevna~. mi-

sionerebi Tarjimnis saSualebiT daukavSirdnen Teimurazs,

romelmac isini TavisTan miipatiJa. qarTvel politikosebs

gadauwyvetiaT misionerebisaTvis kargi miReba moewyoT, sa-

frangeTis elCsac daaxloebodnen da misTvis ZRvenic gaeg-

zavnaT konstantinopolSi. Teimurazs erT-erTi qarTveli

episkoposis mier mis sapativsacemad gamarTul wveulebaze

misionerebTan saubari hqonda dasavleT evropaSi arsebuli

viTarebis Sesaxeb.

1 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 138; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 46.. 2 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 140. 3 iqve.

533

sxvadasxva saqmeebiT dakavebulma dadianmac misione-

rebs uTxra: `vici risTvisac mosulxarTo da erT Tavisu-

fal dRes ufro didxans mogelaparakebiT dasavleTis saq-

meTa, safrangeTis mefisa da misi konstantinopoleli elCis

Sesaxebo~1.

Teimuraz mefe iseTi antiiranuli koaliciis Seqmnas

cdilobda, romelSic iqneboda yvela qarTuli samefo-sam-

Tavros SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. rogorc gavrcelebuli cno-

bebidan Canda, 1615 antisparsuli ajanyebis dros kaxeTis me-

fes mxars uWerda 6 qristiani mefe. Teimurazs samxedro

daxmarebas pirdeboda osmaleTis sulTani2.

dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebis Teimurazis

mxardaWerisa da osmaleTis xelisuflebasTan SeTanxmebuli

moqmedebis Sedegi unda yofiliyo, rom, 1615 wlis maisSi os-

malTa jari rodesac iranis sazRvrisaken wavida, Teimuraz

I imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos jarebiT kaxeTisaken da-

iZra. vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, imereTis mefe giorgi

III-m, levan dadianma da mamia gurielma Teimurazi aragvamde

miaciles, sadac kaxelebi `sruliad~ Seegebnen. dasavleT

saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi ukan gabrundnen. `Teimuraz daip-

yra kualad kaxeTi~3. rogorc Cans, dasaxelebul mefe-mTav-

rebis daxmareba gamoixata Teimurazis qarTlze mSvidobia-

nad gatarebasa da kaxeTis sazRvramde miyvanaSi, rac Zalze

mniSvnelovani iyo. kaxeTSi mas saSiSroeba aRar emuqreboda.

kaxeTi Teimurazis momxre ajanyebulebis xelSi iyo.

Teimuraz mefis dasavleT saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis

da misi diplomatiis warmatebis Sedegi unda yofiliyo, ag-

reTve, isic, rom qarTvelma politikosebma, Teimuraz mefis

meTaurobiT ruseTs daxmareba sTxoves. moxda is, rac sau-

kunenaxevarze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi ar momxdara: saxezea

1 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 140-141; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II,

gv. 53-54. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 25. 3 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 587-588.

534

yvela qarTuli politikuri erTeulis erTiani sagareo po-

litikuri kursis gamovlena. kaxeTis samefo, imereTis same-

fo, guriis samTavro da odiSis samTavro erToblivad ag-

zavnian elCs moskovSi. marTalia isini calcalke sweren

ruseTis xelmwifes, magram Txovna yvelasi erTia: daxmare-

bis miReba iranis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.

moskovSi gagzavnil werilebSi yuradRebas iqcevs is,

rom mamia gurieli mefobiT aris gandidebuli. igi TviTo-

nac ruseTis xelmwifes Tavis Tavs warudgens, rogorc gu-

riis mefes (Мануило царь гурелской земли) da Teimuraz da gi-

orgi mefeebiviT mokrZalebuli ar aris: `...dido xelmwife,

gacnobeb yizilbaSi mefe rogor wamovida Tavisi jariT mo-

tyuebiT Teimurazze da igi Tavisi miwa-wylidan gaaZeva da

miwa-wyali gaanadgura.. Teimurazi baSiaCukis qveyanaSi movi-

da. roca Sahma es gaigo, baSiaCukis qveyanaze wamosvla ga-

nizraxa. maSin Cemi qveynidan wamovedi baSiaCukis qveynis da-

saxmareblad. Teimuraz mefesTan, baSiaCukis [mefe] giorgis-

Tan da dadianis qveynis mTavar levanTan erTad Sahis wina-

aRmdeg SevikribeT. roca Sahma gaigo, rom Cven gaverTian-

diT, baSiaCukis qveyanaze aRar wamovida. roca Sahi Teimura-

zis miwas ipyrobda, TurqeTis mefe mefe Teimurazs jariT

exmareboda. axla Sen did xelmwifes gTxovT, mowyaleba mo-

iRe Cveni marTlmadidebeli qristianuli rwmenis gamo da

baSiaCukis mefe giorgis daexmare. me Cemi mxridan mzaT var

davexmaro mas. Tu Seni mefuri mowyaleba daexmareba, Cven is

xalxi ara varT, Seni wyaloba daviviwyoT, viqnebiT Sens me-

fur mowyalebaSi, viqnebiTi Seni mefuri maRali xelis qveS

morCilni da pirdapiri qveSevrdomebi da Seni mtris mtrebi.

ase vfiqrobT Cven sami mefe da dadianis mTavari... gTxov

dido xelmwife, rogorc qarTveli Teimurazi da baSiaCuke-

li giorgi gTxoven dido xelmwifev, rom gamogzavno Seni

kaci da Cveni qveynebi daaTvalieros da im kacisagan gaigo

sinamdvile Cvens Sesaxeb. gTxov Seni mefuri didebisaTvis

miwyalobo, gamomigzavno Seni mefuri mowyaleba kvarTi,

qurqi. rodesac Sens nawyalobevs Cavicvam da Cems mtrebTan

sabrZolvelad gaval, Cemi mteri rom dainaxavs Cemze Sens

535

mefur nawyalobevs, SeSindeba, rom Sen xelmwife, Cveni mow-

yale da damcveli xar. Tumca RmerTisa da Seni wyalobiT

mebevri maqvs. Seni nawyalobevi Sens kacs gamoatane. samagie-

rod Sens kacs ormagad da sammagad gamovatanT~1.

sainteresoa, rom mamia gurieli, ruseTis xelmwifes

iseT Casacmels sTxovs, romelic sparselebsa da Turqebze

iseTsave STabeWdilebas moaxdens, rogorc Sahis an sul-

Tnis mier naboZebi xalaTi da simbolurad guriis mTavris

ruseTis xelmwifis mfarvelobasa da qveSevrdomobaSi yof-

naze mianiSnebda2.

marTalia, werilebSi levan II dadini mokavSired moix-

senieba, magram man moskovSi Tavisi werili ar gagzavna. am

garemoebas, rogorc Cans, moskovSi yuradReba miaqcies da

xaritons, albaT amitom hkiTxes kidec: dadiani Tu iziareb-

da qarTveli koalicielebis gadawyvetilebas moskovTan

kavSiris aRdgenis Sesaxeb, maSin man ratom ar gagzavna amis

damadasturebeli werili3. amaze xaritonma upasuxa: `xolo

dadianis miwa-wylis mTavris werili (xaritons _e.m.) Tan

imitom ara aqvs, rom is mTavari moTaTbirebis Semdeg sa-

laSqrod wavida~4. yuradRebas iqcevs is garemoebac, rom me-

fe Teimurazi da mefe giorgi TavianT werilebSi mamia gu-

riels mefed moixsenieben, dadians ki ara. xom ar aris es

imis maCvenebeli, rom dadiani bolomde ar iziarebda ru-

seTTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis aRdgeniT realuri dax-

marebis miRebis SesaZleblobas da mas ufro osmaleTis ime-

di hqonda. movlenebis Semdgom ganviTarebas da dadianis

saqmianobas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, es varaudi usafuZvelo

ar mogveCveneba.

1 Полиевктов М., Мaтериалы, с. 55-56. 2 tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 35. 3 ar vici ratom werdnen S. mesxia da i. cincaZe, rom xaritonma

moskovSi dadianis werili TiTqos Caitanao. Месхия Ш., Цинцадзе Я., Из истории русско-грузинских отношений, с. 66. 4 Полиевктов М., Материалы… с. 48.

536

levan II mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi imereTis me-

fisa da Teimuraz I-is sawinaaRmdego sagareo politikas

atarebda.

ruseTis xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zem qarTvel mefeeb-

sa da guriels werilebi calcalke gaugzavna. yvelaze vrce-

lia Teimuraz mefisaTvis gankuTvnili werili. xelmwife

mwuxarebas gamoxatavs Sah abasis mier misi samefos akleba-

ganadgurebis gamo, iwonebs Teimurazis Txovnas, gagzavnos

Tavisi kaci saqarTveloSi, raTa man sakuTari TvaliT naxos

gaubedurebuli qveyana da amis Semdeg xelmwifem Teimurazs

uwyalobos misi samefo. xelmwife iqve aRniSnavs, rom yvela-

fers iRonebs saqarTvelos dasacavad, ra Tqma unda, diplo-

matiuri gziT da kvlavac misi damcveli iqneba. man amis Tao-

baze Sahs miswera da gaagebina kidec, rom ìverieli mefeebi

da iveriis mTeli miwa-wyali Tavidanve ruseTis didi xel-

mwife mefeebisa da didi mTavrebis xelisuflebis qveS iyvnen.

amieridan Cveni samefo udidebulesobis gulisaTvis Sen da

Sens iveriis miwa-wyals aRar daesxas, ar eomos da aRar Sea-

viwrovos. Tu Cxubi da mtroba geqnebaT maSin Sahma Cvens me-

fur didebulebas unda mimarTos... Cven, didi xelmwife moma-

valSic visurvebdiT Sen, Teimuraz mefe, Cvens mefur mowya-

lebaSi gvyavde iseve, rogor mowyalebaSic hyavda Seni papa

aleqsandre mefe SvilebiTurT Cvens papas, ivane vasilis Zes

da Cvens biZas, Tedore ivanes Zes~1.

mefe giorgisaTvis gagzavnil, SedarebiT mokle weri-

lSi mixeil Tedores Ze imeorebs imas, rac imereTidan mis-

weres: rogor mivida Sahi iverielebis qveyanaSi, daipyro

1 Там же, с. 57-59. xelmwifis werilis boloSi naTqvamis mixedviT,

T. tivaZe daaskvnis, rom es aris ruseTis mTavrobis oficialuri

gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom `kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-s urTi-

erToba hqonda damyarebuli ruseTis mefe ivane mrisxanesTan 1584

wlis gazafxulamde (ivane IV gardaicvala 1584 wlis martSi), rac

imaze miuTiTebs, rom saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobaTa dawyeba

kaxeTSi rusin danilovis 1586 wels CamosvliT ar aris marTebu-

li~. tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, gv. 40.

537

igi, eklesia-monastrebi daangria da sxv. rodesac Teimuraz

mefem Tavi Seafara imereTis samefoSi, rogor imuqreboda

Sahi am samefos ganadgurebiT. Tavis gadarCenis mizniT ime-

reTis mefem rogor mimarTa moskovs daxmarebis TxovniT,

razec xelmwifem upasuxa, rom `Tqven samudamod iqnebiT Cve-

ni mfarvelobis qveS mTeli Tqveni miwa-wyliT~1.

mamia gurielisaTvis gagzavnil kidev ufro mokle we-

rilSi, gamokveTilad iyo naTqvami, rom `Cven, didi xelmwife

gaqebT Sen mefe manuils imis gamo, rom Cvens mowyalebas eZeb

da gvinda SemdegSic Cveni mefuri mowyalebis qveS gvyavde~2.

amgvari Sinaarsis werilebiT gamouSves xaritoni mos-

kovidan. am elCobis mniSvneloba Sesaferis adgilas ukve

Sefasebuli iyo3.

Semdeg imdenad dairRva da mtruli gaxda imereTis

samefos politikur erTeulebs Soris urTierToba, rom

karga xnis ganmavlobaSi maTi politika da diplomatia mxo-

lod erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegod iyo mimarTuli.

20-ani wlebis dasawyisSi Camoyalibebuli dadian-guri-

el-ServaSiZis kavSiri, romlis meTauri levan II dadiani

iyo, bunebrivia, giorgi III-is SeSfoTebas iwvevda. pirveli

SeiaraRebuli Sejaxeba mefesa da mis vasal dadians Soris,

vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, moxda 1623 wels4. `SeuZnda

mefesa giorgis SeerTeba dadian gurielisa, da dauwyo mte-

roba. Semdgomad Semoikribna spani TÂsni giorgi mefeman da

ganvida da dadga goWoraulsa zeda. movida levan dadiani-

ca spiTa odiSar-afxaz-jiqiTa da iqmna brZola Zlieri da

moswydnen mravalni... iZlia mefe giorgi da ivltoda. maSin

dadianman Seipyrna mravalni warCinebulni da mdabiurni,

aRiRo alafi da iavari da warvida odiSs. garna Sepyro-

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы, c. 60 2 Там же, с. 61 3 ix. aqve, Teimurazis sagareo politika. 1614-1625 ww. 4 i. anTelavam gamoikvlia, rom es brZola moxda 1622 wels. ix. mi-

si levan II dadiani, gv. 62.

538

bilTa... daaÃsnevana vercxliT Tavni, romeli araodes qmnil

iyo imereTs Sina, da SemoÃda mieriT ese esreT~1.

goWoraulis brZolaSi mopovebuli gamarjvebiT iwyeba

odiSis mTavris triumfaluri warmatebebi dasavleT saqar-

TveloSi, imereTze sistematuri Tavdasxmebi da misi ganad-

gureba.

* * *

XVII s. 20-iani wlebidan levan dadianis gardacvale-

bamde, odiSis samTavro imereTis samefos permanentulad

Tavs esxmoda. axsna im mizezisa, Tu riT iyo gamowveuli

odiSis mTavris aseTi moqmedeba, unda veZioT maSindel sa-

erTaSoriso da, gansakuTrebiT ki, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si Seqmnil viTarebaSi.

Sah abas I-is laSqrobebis da gansakuTrebiT rostomis

qarTlSi gamefebis Sedegad, iranis samflobeloebi imere-

Tis samefos gaumezoblda. Sah abasis mizani, rogorc ara-

erTxel ukve aRiniSna, Sav zRvaze gasvla da, osmaleTis

gverdis avliT, evropasTan dakavSireba iyo. magram am geg-

mis ganxorcielebas win eRobeboda osmaleTis qveSevrdomi,

Tundac nominalurad, imereTis samefo. amasTan erTad, aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloSi gamanadgurebeli laSqrobebis miuxe-

davad, Sahma misi inkorporacia ver SeZlo. amis miRweva Se-

uZlebeli iyo, vidre iranis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobil

qarTvelebs, imereTis samefoSi myudro da saimedo TavSesa-

fari egulebodaT. rad Rirda Tundac is faqti, rom Sahis

mier damarcxebuli Teimurazi yovelTvis imereTSi gaixiz-

neboda xolme; Teimuraz mefe imereTidan ebrZoda Sahs ro-

gorc politikurad, ise diplomatiiT; igi aqedan aqezebda

da ajanyebda iranis mowinaaRmdege qarTvelebs; aq iRebda

ucxo saxelmwifoebis elCebs da aqedan agzavnida mezobel

Tu Soreul saxelmwifoebSi Tavis elCebs, romlebsac dasa-

1 qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 826.

539

xuli hqondaT erTi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis amocana:

iranis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mokavSire moeZebnaT; Teimurazi

aqedan amyarebda kavSirs iranis saukonovan mterTan _ osma-

leTTan da aqezebda mis winaaRmdeg; aqedan agzavnida Tavis

elCebs kavkasiisaken mcocav ruseTSi; aqedan ufuWebda ira-

nis Sahebs avtoritets evropis saxelmwifoebis mesveurTa

TvalSi; aqedanve SeiZleboda devnil mefes mieRo samxedro

daxmareba iranis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.

Sah abas I-ma nacad xerxs mimarTa, man imereTis same-

fos odiSis samTavro daupirispira. Sahi warmatebas ver

miRwevda dadianis mefisadmi wakidebaSi, levan I-s dasavleT

saqarTveloSi pirvelobis pretenzia rom ar hqoneboda.

savaraudoa, Sahs karga xniT adre saidumlo kavSiri

hqonda odiSis mTavarTan, vidre maT Soris urTierToba ax-

dilad gamoCndeboda levanisa da rostomis damoyvrebis

Semdeg. iqneb amiTi iyo gamowveuli, rom levan dadianma mo-

nawileoba ar miiRo giorgi da Teimuraz mefeebis ruseTTan

pirveli kontaqtis dmyarebisas da misi elCi da werili

moskovSi ar Cavida. safiqralia, xaritonis naTqvami moskov-

Si, TeimurazTan, giorgisTan da gurielTan erTad dadianic

moskovTan kavSirisa da mis qveSevrdomobis momxreao, simar-

Tles ar Seefereboda. levan dadiani ar iziarebda dasaxe-

lebuli politikuri mesveurebis sagareo politikur kurss.

roca man, 1636 wels, elCi gagzavna moskovSi, es gaakeTa ara

ruseTTan dakavSirebis mizniT, aramed im kotaqtebis CasaS-

lelad romelic qarTvel mefeebs am saxelmwifosTan hqon-

daT. rodesac levan dadianma dasaxul mizans ver miaRwia

da cxadi iyo, rom mefeebi ruseTTan diplomatiur urTier-

Tobas kvlav agrZelebdnen, amis Semdeg, igive amocanis ga-

dawyveta Sahma rostom mefis elCis saSualebiT scada.

sayuradReboa, rom goWoraulis brZolaSi imereTis me-

fes dadiani ebrZoda odiSarTa da afxaz-jiqebis jariT. da-

dianis gverdiT ar Cans misi mokavSire da siZe (dis qmari)

svimon gurieli. saeWvoa, rom gurieli maSin, roca dadiani

540

mefes ebrZoda, neitralitets icavda1. savaraudoa, dadiansa

da guriels Soris am dros ukve arsebobda dapirispireba

da dadianma da gurielma Tavi aarides brZolis velze er-

Tad gasvlas. levan dadianma 1625 wels svimonis gurielo-

bas bolo mouRo.

arc imereTis mefe giorgi iyo umoqmedoT. maSin rode-

sac mis samefoSi daZabuli viTarebaa, man saintereso wina-

dadeba SesTavaza giorgi saakaZes, romelic marabdis brZo-

lis Semdeg Teimuraz I-Tan saboloo dapirispirebulobaSi

imyofeboda. saakaZe samcxidan imereTSi gadavida da giorgi

mefesTan quTaisSi molaparakeba gamarTa. daxmarebaze dapi-

rebis miRebis Semdeg, igi odiSSi gadavida da levan dadian-

Tan molaparakebiTac kmayofili darCa2.

g. jamburias varaudiT, giorgi saakaZis quTaisSi yof-

nis dros moxda misi vaJis avTandilis da mefe giorgis

asulis, xvaramzes, niSnoba, romelic `ficis wigniT~ gafor-

mda. ès fici da piri giboZe Cven, mefeT-mefem patronma gi-

orgim da Zeman Cemma aleqsandrem, mamukam da rostom Tqven,

mouravs patrons giorgis, asre, rome Cemi qali batoni xva-

ramze gulganwmendiT Tqvenis Svilis avTandilisaTvis momi-

cemia~3.

giorgi saakaZes, rogorc Cans, danaTesavebis Semdeg,

imereTis mefesTan politikuri mokavSireobis survilic

aReZra da, sagulisxmoa, mas saintereso winadadebac SesTa-

vaza, ris Sesaxebac, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, mefis mier mi-

cemul saficar wignSi araferia naTqvami, magram SemdegSi

ki gamoCndeba. giorgi mefis sigelSi aRniSnulia giorgi sa-

akaZisadmi pativiscemaze, rodesac ki igi, misi Zma an Svili

imereTis mefis stumari iqneba. `kidec kargad garCinoT da

arcavis saZaloT da saavkacoT daganeboT, rasac SemZle-

1 Sdr. rexviaSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 80. 2 jamburia g., giorgi saakaZe, gv. 147-148. 3 burjanaZe S., istoriuli dokumentebi imereTis samefosa da gu-

ria-odiSis samTavroebisa, Tb., 1959, gv. 22.

541

belni viyoT da kidec kargad mogepyraT; da Tu vinme Tque-

ni Tavi SemoguabezRos, arc gaukiTxavad SegibezRoT~1.

ès aqti, _ rogorc g. jamburia SeniSnavs, _ ufro po-

litikuri mniSvnelobisa iyo, vidre moyvaruli da iseT vi-

TarebaSi SeiZleboda Seqmniliyo, romelic saakaZis saqmi-

sadmi keTilganwyobilebasa da SesaZloa daxmarebasac ki

gulisxmobda~2. mgonia, maT am dros daTqves kidec, rom war-

matebis SemTxvevaSi, giorgi III-is vaJi, ufliswuli aleqsan-

dre, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gaemefebinaT.

damowmebuli cnobebis mixedviT, iseTi STabeWdileba

iqmneba, TiTqos giorgi saakaZe, Tu aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si samxedro moqmedebas daiwyebda, dasavleT saqarTvelos

mefe-mTavrebi daexmarebodnen. ibadeba kiTxva: arsebobda

imis piroba, rom mefe giorgi III-is, levan dadianisa da misi

xelqveiTi malaqia gurielis erTi miznisaTvis gaerTianeba

moxerxdeboda? mTavrebma Tu aseTi dapireba misces, imereT-

Si mokavSiris maZebar qarTlis mouravs, rogorc g. jambu-

ria fiqrobs, maSin gamodis, rom levan dadianma da guriel-

ma saakaZe moatyues.

im masalidan, romelic saakaZis dadian-gurielTan mo-

laparakebas asaxavs, mxolod im daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba,

rom mTavrebi giorgi saakaZes da mis Tanmxleblebs Sewevnas

mxolod dasavleT saqarTveloSi, ufro zustad, saakaZis

maTi samflobeloebis sazRvrebSi yofnis periodSi pirde-

bodnen. mxolod amis Sesaxebaa naTqvami kaTalikos-mTavris

malaqia gurielis `ficis wignSi~, romelic man giorgi saa-

kaZes da mis Tanmxleblebs misca: `...ese ukunisamde JamTa ga-

saTavebeli fici piri da wigni mogaxseneT Cven patronma ka-

Talikozma malaqiam Tquen patrons mouravs giorgis da

Tqvensa Svilsa avTandils da SvilTa da momavalTa saxli-

sa TquenisaTa... da erTobliv vinc vin Tqueni erTgulni da

TquenTan myofni aznauriSvilni arian didni Tu mcireni,

1 iqve, gv. 24. 2 jamburia g., giorgi saakaZe, gv. 148.

542

ese saficari mogaxseneT asre da ama pirsa zeda viyuneT

TquenTvis kargni da kargnis mdomni... da Tu Cvens alags mobrZandeT, kidec SegixiznoT da aras kacsa saZaloT da saavkacoT ar daganeboT rac Zalgvedvas. da Tu Cvenis ala-gidame wabrZaneba moindomoT, Cveni adgili uzianoT gagaro-

ninoT~1. aseTive iqneboda dadian-saakaZis SeTanxmebis Sina-

arsi, an citirebuli dokumenti dadian-gurielis saerTo

azrs gamoxatavda. rac Seexeba giorgi III-s igi, grkveuli

interesidan gamomdinare, saakaZes jariT daexmara Teimuraz

I-is winaaRmdeg bazaleTis brZolaSi.

zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, g. jamburias mier

giorgi saakaZis dasavleT saqarTveloSi diplomatiuri sa-

qamianobis Sefaseba gazviadebulia. igi wers: `rogorc vxe-

davT, saakaZe did mosamzadebel saqmianobas eweva saqarTve-

los samefoebisa da samTavroebis erTiani frontis Sesaq-

mnelad, raTa uzrunvelyos Tavisi (saqarTvelos gaerTiane-

bis _e.m.) gegmebis warmatebiT ganxorcieleba~2.

giorgi mefem giorgi saakaZes Teimuraz mefis winaaR-

mdeg dasaxmareblad bazaleTis brZolis win damxmare jari

gamougzavna, magram saakaZem marcxi ganicada. saakaZesTan

erTad damarcxda giorgi III-is vaJis, aleqsandres, gaerTia-

nebul saqarTveloSi gamefebis ideac.

giorgi III-is diplomatiis didi marcxi iyo levan da-

dianisa da qarTlis mefe rostomis danaTesaveba. amis Sem-

deg odiSis mTavari iranis Sahis mokavSire gaxda da imere-

Tis samefo ormxrivi dartymis saSiSroebis winaSe aRmoC-

nda. imereTis mefes aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saqmeebSi Ca-

revis survilic rom hqoneboda, rostom mefis mowinaaRmde-

geebs veRar daexmareboda, radgan giorgi mefis zurgSi Ca-

safrebuli dadiani dauyovnebliv moqmedebas daiwyebda. da-

diani rom yovelTvis ase moiqceoda da obieqturad Tu su-

1 iqve, gv. 148-149. 2 iqve, gv. 149. am mosazrebasaa m. rexviaSvilic. ix. misi dasax.

naSr., gv. 89.

543

bieqturad igi rostomis mokavSire iqneboda, gamoCnda ros-

tomis, yizilbaSTa jariT, qarTlSi SemosvlisTanave. Teimu-

razs imedi hqonda, rom giorgi III jariT gadmovidoda da

erToblivad SeebrZolebodnen momxvdurs, magram, rogorc

farsadan gorgijaniZe SeniSnavs, ìmereTiT moSveliebas

elodnen. dadiani Camosdgomoda, veRarc isini moeSvelnes~1

Tanamedroveebma rostomisa da mariamis qorwineba didi

mniSvnelobis politikur aqtad Seafases. igi mimarTuli iyo

odiSis mTavris yvela mtrisa da giorgi III-sa da Teimuraz I-

is yvela mokeTis winaaRmdeg. TviT rostomic odiSis mTav-

ris, levan II dadianis dis mariamis SerTvas, Teimuraz mefis

mier Tavisi asulis, darejanis, imereTis batoniSvilze,

aleqsandreze daqorwinebis sapasuxo RonisZiebad acxadebda.

am qorwinebis mniSvneloba rostomis qarTlSi SemosvlisTa-

nave cxadi gaxda. Teimurazi yizilbaSTa jars ver gaumklav-

da da didi amaliT imereTSi gadavida. mas iq saimedo TavSe-

safari hqonda. `batoni Teimuraz imareTs Seixizna: qali iyo

imisi imerlis mefis Svilis aleqsandres coli da C~n da da-

diani batoni levan davmoyvrdiT da SevirTeT daÁ misi~2.

giorgi mefem ganizraxa raTac ar unda dajdomoda

misTvis arasasurveli rostomisa da mariamis qorwineba Cae-

Sala. giorgis mxari auba masTan didi amaliT Sexiznulma

Teimurazma, romlisTvisac aseve saziano iyo es qorwineba.

maT gadawyvites imereTSi gadmosuli rostomis mier mariamis

qarTlSi gadayvana ar daeSvaT. mariams Tavisi Zma levan da-

diani acilebda. rostomma da mTavarma, icodnen, rom imereT-

Si gavla saxifaTo iyo, mowinaaRmdegeebs didi jari hyavdaT.

gadawyvites erTmaneTs saCxeiZoSi, baRdadTan, kakas xidze

Sexvedrodnen. mefe giorgis windauxedaobam is gamoiwvia,

rom levan dadianis tyveobaSi aRmoCnda3. misi datyvevebis

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 240 2 iqve. 3 grigolia k., iloris wm. giorgis xatis warwera. krebulSi: akad.

n. maris saxelobis enis, istoriisa da materialuri kulturis in-

544

Semdeg moxda brZola. gaimarjva levan dadianma. levanma da-

atyveva, agreTve giorgi mefis vaJi, ufliswuli mamuka. levan

dadianma quTaisi aiRo, gadaswva da mTeli imereTi aiklo1.

dadians undoda imereTSi umefobiT esargebla da tax-

tze aeyvana qaixosro gurieli. amis sapirispirod, imereTis

didebulebi Seikribnen da giorgi III-is Ze aleqsandre gaame-

fes. man mxolod ori wlis Semdeg, didZali gamosasyidis

gaRebiT, SeZlo mamis, giorgis, daxsna2.

aleqsandre III-is diplomatiuri urTierToba moskovis saxelmwifosTan

rac dro gadioda, urTierToba levan dadiansa da

aleqsandre III-s Soris miT ufro mwvavdeboda. aleqsandrem

quTaisi gaamagra. imereTis didebulni dadians rom ar mim-

xrobodnen, TavianTi ojaxebiT iq Seiyvana. levan dadiani

àmiT aoÃrebda sanaxebsa imereTisasa, vidre verRara winaa-

Rudga aleqsandre mefe da moavlo zRude quTaTiss didi

da moiyvanna yovelTa warCinebulTa TÂsTa colSvilni da

daadginna mas Sina da TÂTca imyofeboda masve Sina, raTa

ara mierTnen dadiansa hyo misTÂs~3.

levan dadianis mier imereTis akleba grZeldeboda

mTeli misi sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi4. uaRres gaWirvebaSi

Cayenebulma mefe aleqsandrem da sakuTari samefodan dev-

nilma Teimuraz mefem, daxmarebisaTvis ruseTs mimarTes.

orive mefis elCebi (aleqsandresi _ Tavadi ivane da

arqimandriti paxomi, Teimurazisi _ mRvdel-monazoni vasi-

li da daviTi) erTad gaemgzavrnen.

stitutis moambe, XIII, Tb., 1943, gv. 150-151 (SemdegSi _ enimkis moam-

be). 1 iqve, gv. 153. 2 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 241 3 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 829. 4 ix. rexviaSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 95-97.

545

ramdenadac Teimuraz mefis ruseTTan diplomatiur

urTierTobaze ukve iTqva, amitom, mxolod imereTis mefis

mimoweras ganvixilav. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavis we-

rilebSi aleqsandre rusT xelmwifis yuradRebas xSirad

miapyrobs Teimuraz mefis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaze.

imereTis elCebs Tan mihqondaT aleqsandre mefis 1649

wlis 13 agvistoTi daTariRebuli, berZnulad dawerili si-

geli. misi Sinaarsis gacnoba, naTels xdis, rom igi Sedge-

nilia Teimuraz I-is karnaxiT, an masTan SeTanxmebiT.

aleqsandre III aleqsi mixeilis Zes werda, rom igi, mi-

si Tavadebi, ymebi da mTeli qveyana mzad arian moskovis qve-

SevrdomobaSi Sesasvlelad. amis Semdeg aleqsandre mefe

xelmwifes Tavis im umTavres problemaze moaxsenebda, ro-

melsac odiSis mTavari imereTis samefos uqmnida. iqve mo-

cemulia levan dadianis uaryofiT daxasiaTeba: `dadiani Ce-

mi mona-morCili iyo da xarksac me mixdida. axla gadamidga

da stambolis TurqTa sulTans miemxro, jarebi Sekriba da

orjer-samjer Tavs damesxa. afxazebsa da jiqebs agrovebs

da yovel wels Cems winaaRmdeg laSqrobs, da xan samas, xan

oTxas qristian bavSvs TurqeTis sulTanTan tyveebad hgzav-

nis, xolo im xarks, romelsac me mixdida axla TurqeTis

sulTans uxdis. me imisaTvis gadamidga, rom qristiani mefe

var, Turqs ki miemxro, maTi rjuli miiRo da erTguleba

Sehfica, axla am Cveni qveynis TurqeTis sulTnisadmi da-

morCileba unda, marTlmadideblobis da qristianuli taZ-

rebis darbeva surs~. aleqsandre mefe xelmwifes im magali-

Tebs usaxelebs, romlebic mas dadianis mier qristianobis

uaryofaSi daarwmunebs. dadianis garda, imereTis samefos,

did xifaTs uqmnidnen mezobeli mahmadianebic, amitom saq-

ristianos yvelaze didma da Zlierma moskovis xelmwifem

droze unda aRmouCinos daxmareba imereTis samefos, rome-

lic Tergidan Sors ar aris. èrTi kviris savalia, _ mimar-

Tavs aleqsandre rusT xelmwifes, _ SegiZlia 20.000 meomari

gamogzavno CvenSi da Cvens qveyanas daeuflo... es adgilebic

546

nacvlad imisa, rom mahmadianebs hqondeT, Tqveni umaRlesi

Zalauflebis qveS moeqceva~1.

aleqsandre cdilobs daanaxos moskovis xelmwifes,

rom ruseTis mxridan gamoCenili uyuradRebobis Sedegic iyo

is ubedureeba, romelSic Teimuraz mefe aRmoCnda, ufliswu-

li daviTi mokles da Teimurazi imasac ki veRar axerxebs,

rom Svilis xelmwifesTan gagzavniT moskovis moTxovna da-

akmayofilos. `dRegrZelo xelmwifeo, uwyode, agreTve, rom

simamri Cemi Teimurazi, aq, CemTan imyofeba, yizilbaSebma igi

Tavis qveynidan gamodevnes da CemTan cxovrobs, vaJi misi da-

viTi mohkles, gansacvifrebeli ufliswuli iyo. mas Semdeg

rac yizilbaSebma gaiges, rom igi (Teimurazi) Tqveni didebu-

li xelmwifobis safarvels qveS Sedga, da erTmaneTTan da-

moyvrebis survili rom gaqvT, Sehkribes jari da misi vaJiS-

vili ufliswuli mokles. im ufliswuls sami vaJi da erTi

qali darCa. erT-erTi maTganis, ufrosisa, Tqvens udidebule-

sobasTan warmogzavna undoda, magram `Semaxaze~ gza daketi-

lia. yizilbaSebi gzebs yarauloben da aq gamovla SeuZlebe-

lia. axla misi gamogzavna amitom ver SeZlo. dRegrZelo me-

feo, Teimuraz mefe da misi ufliswulni Seni arian. mec ag-

reTve, dReis amas iqiT Tqveni mona-morCili var~2.

aleqsandre III, iTvaliswinebs ra, ruseTis xelisufle-

bis qarTul eklesia-monastrebSi daculi siwmindeebis da

sxvaTa mimarT dainteresebas, cdilobs kidev ufro gaaRvi-

vos es interesi. igi xelmwifes sTxovs gamogzavnos imereT-

Si Tavisi elCebi, romlebic sakuTari TvaliT naxaven `ro-

gori Semkulia Cveni eklesiebi da wminda monastrebi, ixi-

los Cveni wminda nawilebi, Cveni saocari xatebi, Cveni mSve-

nieri cixe-qalaqebi, uZveles qristian marTlmadidebel me-

feTagan naSenebi~3.

1 nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi mogzaurobis muxlobrivi aRwe-

riloba, gv. 35-37. 2 iqve, gv. 37. 3 iqve, gv. 38

547

imereTis mefe imiTic cdilobs imereTis samefosa da,

saerTod, saqarTvelos mimarT ruseTis mefis yuradRebis

mipyrobas, rom surs aCvenos garkveuli qarTuli politiku-

ri orientaciis, ruseTTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis survilis

erTianoba: àxla ki orive mefe erTad varT, mefe Teimurazi

da me, mefe aleqsandre, da oriveni muxlmodrekiT gTxovT

Tqven Tqveno brwyinvalebav da SevTxovT ufals, mowyaleba

moiRoT da Tqvenis umaRlesi xelisuflebis qveS migviRo

da Seni xelmwifuri wyaloba ar mogvaklo~1.

aleqsandre mefe ruseTis xelmwifes afrTxilebs: rom

Tu igi realur daxmarebas ar gauwevs misi mfarvelobis

qveS Sesvlis mosurneebs, amas SeiZleba saqarTvelosaTvis

katastrofuli Sedegi mohyves, rac xelmwifis bralic iqne-

ba: àmis gamo vTxovT Tqvens umaRles xelmwifobas da ge-

vedrebiT mowyaleba moiRo da Cveni ganwirva ar inebo~2.

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, ar viciT qarTveli mefeebis

elCobebis momzadebisa da daniSnulebis adgilamde mogzauro-

bis pirobebis Sesaxeb. cnobilia, rom dasaxelebuli mefeebis

elCebis miReba da aleqsi mixeilis-ZisaTvis gagzavnili weri-

lebis ganxilva erTsa da imave dRes (1649 w. 13 agvisto) mox-

da, saTaTbiros mdivanma mixeil voloSeninovma elCebi miiRo.

gasaubrebis dros, imereTis elCebma, aleqsandre mefis

brZanebis Tanaxmad, ganacxades, rom levan II dadiani aleq-

sandre mefes ganudga, iranis Sahs miemxro, romlis daxmare-

biTac unda daipyros imereTi. `kargi iqneboda, Tu misi udi-

debulesoba brwyinvale mefe (aleqsi) inebebda da Cven im

dadianis winaaRmdeg Tavis jariskacebiT daxmarebas aRmog-

viCenda. agreTve mefe aleqsandrem brZana mis udidebuleso-

bas elCebma Seevedron, raTa xelmwifem Seiwyalos da masac,

iseve rogorc `saqarTvelos~ mefes (Teimurazs _e.m.), xel-

mwifis wyalobis sigeli uboZoso~3.

1 iqve. 2 iqve. 3 iqve, gv. 41.

548

Cans, mefeebis elCebma da werilebma iseTi STabeWdi-

leba moaxdines moskovSi, rom 1650 wlis 22 maiss ruseTis

xelmwifem nikifore maTes Ze toloCanovs da mdivans aleq-

si ievlevs imereTSi elCad wasvla ubrZana. elCs daevala

aleqsandre mefisaTvis gadaeca, rom xelmwifem rodesac

gaigo rogor gaWirvebaSi cxovrobda imereTis mefe, `Se-

wuxda da aleqsandre mefis mTel mis qveynasTan erTad

misi mtrebis winaaRmdeg daxmareba da mfarveloba isurva...

axla aleqsandre mefem Tavisi werilisa da Txovnis Sesa-

bamisad elCebis winaSe (TandaswrebiT) daificos da mefis

udidebulesobas jvarze mTxveviT Sehficos, agreTve, Tavis

Svilsa da maxlobel kariskacebs ubrZanos im wignis mi-

xedviT jvars emTxvion, romelic amJamad maTTvis gamogzav-

nilia~1

elCis ganawesSi kidev ufro dawvrilebiT iyo ganmar-

tebuli imaT Sesaxeb visac moskovis xelmwifisadmi samuda-

mo morCilebasa da erTgulebaze mzadyofna jvarze mTxve-

viT unda daedasturebinaT. eseni iyvnen: mefe aleqsandre, mi-

si Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, `romelnic momavalSi gaCnde-

bian... isini arc erT sxva xelmwifes mikedlebian. ficis wig-

nis dawera brZanos, da im wignze aleqsandre mefem da misma

Svilebma, romelnic mas amJamad hyavs, xeli moaweron da

beWdebi daasvan... xolo Semdeg, meti simtkicisaTvis, misma

maxlobelma kariskacebmac jvarze mTxveviT daificon~2.

rasac moiTxovda moskovis xelmwife, naTeli iyo, mag-

ram TviTon qarTul mxaries arafers pirdeboda, araviTar

valdebulebas ar kisrulobda. rodesac gakvirvebuli da

dainteresebuli qarTvelebi ikiTxavdnen, sanacvlod ras mi-

iRebdnen, ruseTis elCis pasuxi unda yofiliyo imdenad

bundovani, rom moskovis mTavrobas misi, saWiroebisda mi-

xedviT, sxvadasxvanairi, interpretaciis SesaZlebloba hqo-

noda: `... mis udidebulesobas... surs aleqsandre mefe Tavis

1 iqve, gv. 43. 2 iqve gv. 43-44.

549

mfarvelobaSi da morCilebaSi hyavdes da mtrebisagan maT

daicavs, rogorc xelmwifes amis SesaZlebloba eqneba, ise

ubrZanebs~1. amgvari pirobebiT mfarvelobaSi Sesuls, ra

Tqma unda, mfarvelisadmi pretenziebi ar unda gasCenoda.

magram qarTuli mxare mainc Tu daakonkretebda da ikiTxav-

da, xelmwife imereTis samefos yizilbaSebisagan mainc Tu

daicavda, elCebs unda epasuxaT: `Tu saWiros dainaxavs misi

udidebulesoba Sahs miswers, rom man ruseTis xelmwifisad-

mi megobrobisa da siyvarulis niSnad, mefe aleqsandresTan

omsa da mis Seviwroebaze xeli aiRos, miT umetes, roca Sa-

hi gaigebs, rom didma xelmwifem mefe aleqsandre Seiwyala,

safiqrebelia, xelmwifis am Txovnas Sahi uyuradRebod ar datovebs, ar Seaviwroebs da araviTar zarals ar miayenebs

(imereTs)~2.

rogorc Cans imereTis mefes gacnobierebuli hqonda

da misma elCebmac moskovSic sruliad garkveviT gaagebines,

rom rodesac levan dadiani Tavs esxmoda imereTis samefos, misi piradi interesebis garda, mis am moqmedebaSi Cadebuli iyo iranis Sahisa da rostom mefis interesebic. imereTis politikosebi da maTTan erTad imereTSi TavSefarebuli Teimuraz I da misi kariskacebi, varaudobdnen, rom moskovs SeeZlo Sahis saSualebiT gavlena moexdina odiSis mTavar-ze da aseTi arapirdapiri gziT mainc iranis arapirdapiri

agresiisagan daecva imereTis samfo.

ruseTis elCobas daevala, agreTve, imereTSi `dawvri-

lebiT Seiswavlos rogoria mosaxleobis sarwmunoeba, gamo-

arkvion WeSmaritad qristianul sarwmunoebas aRiareben

berZnuli tipikonis Tanaxmad da icaven Tu ara mociqulTa

da wmida mamaTa moZRvrebisamebr yvela wess~3. elCobaSi spe-

cialurad Seyvanil rus sasuliero pirebs imereTis ekle-

1 iqve, gv. 44. 2 iqve, gv. 44-45. 3 iqve, gv. 46.

550

siebSi daculi siwmindeebi unda daeTvalierebinaT da maT-

ze cnobebi SeegrovebinaT.

elCebs `yovelgvari xerxisa da RonisZiebis gamoyene-

biT~ saidumlod unda SeekribaT politikuri da samxedro

xasiaTis informacia imereTis mefis sulTanTan, SahTan ur-

TierTobaze, modiodnen Tu ara dasaxelebuli mbrZaneble-

bis elCebi, despanebi an Sikrikebi masTan da ra davalebiT,

an TviTon mefe Tu agzavnida maTTan elCebs.

sainteresoa, rom yovelive zemoaRniSnulTan erTad,

rus elCebs davalebuli hqondaT imereTSi SeegrovebinaT

cnobebi iran-osmaleTis urTierTobaze1. elCebs informacia

unda SeegrovebinaT, agreTve, qarTlis samefosa da odiSis

samTavros Sesaxeb. kerZod, elCebisagan moiTxovdnen odiSis

samTavros Sesaxeb gaerkviaT: `sadadianos mTavari Tavis

samTavroSia Tu ara, vis eqvemdebareba _ Turqs Tu Saxs, Tu

damoukidebelia da xarks aravis ar uxdis~. yovelive amis

Sesaxeb elCebs zusti cnobebi unda SeegrovebinaT da daw-

vrilebiT CaeweraT muxlobriv aRwerilobaSi2.

elCebs unda daekmayofilebinaT qarTveli mefeebis in-

teresi ruseTis saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis

Sesaxeb3.

1651 wlis 10 ivniss imereTSi Camosuli ruseTis elCebi

24-Si mefe aleqsandres winaSe warsdgnen. sxvaTa Soris, el-

Cebma mdivan feSangs moTxoves, rom audienciis dros mefes-

Tan sxva saxelmwifos mociquli an elCebi ar yofiliyvnen4.

nikifore toloCanovma aleqsandre mefes Seaxsena, rom

moskovis xelmwifem imereTis samefoSi Tavisi elCebi misi

TxovniT gamogzavna. `gvTxovT agreTve, rom Cvenma didma

xelmwifem SegiwyaloT da ar dagtovoT Cveni mfarveli xe-

lis gareSe. imasac gvwerT, rom Tqven sxva, qristianuli

1 iqve, gv. 46-47. 2 iqve, gv. 48, 54. 3 iqve, gv. 56-58. 4 iqve, gv. 94.

551

sarwmunoebis mefe ara gyavT mfarveli, garda Cveni mefuri

udidebulesobisa... gvwerdiT... Tu ra Seviwroebas da devnas

ganicdiT mtrebisagan Tqvens saxelmwifoSi da Cven gvTxov-

diT raTa SegiwyaloT, daxmareba aRmogiCinoT... gvTxovdiT

agreTve, rom... TqvenTan Cveni elCebi gamogvegzavna Tqveni

adgilebis dasaTvaliereblad~1.

aleqsandre mefem Tavis sityvaSi madloba gadauxada

xelmwifes, rom `me, misi mona Semiwyala, Tavisi mefuri ma-

Rali xelis qveS mimiRo da xelmwifem CemTan Tavisi elCebi

gamogzavna... me moxaruli var mTeli Cemi qveyniT Tavi dav-

sdo xelmwifisaTvis~2.

elCobis mdivanma aleqsi ievlevma Tavisi xelmwfis sa-

xeliT aleqsandre III-s moaxsena, rom misTvis cnobilia is

Seviwroeba, romelic imereTis samefom mtrebisagan ganica-

da. amitom mas surs yovelgvari RonisZiebiT daicvas mTeli

misi qveyana, `Cven xelmwifuri maRali xelisagan ar mogici-

lebT da Cveni Tvalyuris qveS gveyolebi, rom marTlmadi-

debluri sarwmunoeba urwmunoebisagan Seginebul ar iqnes...

gvemsaxurebodeT da iRvwodeT yvelaferze mis sasikeTod,

rogorc piroba mogiciaT, yovelgvari TvalTmaqcobis gare-

Se, Tqveni ficisamebr da sxva arc erT xelmwifes ar mie-

kedloT~3. aleqsandre mefem rusebis yvela moTxovnis dakma-

yofilebaze Tanxmoba ganacxada.

28 ivniss mefesTan molaparakebis dros elCebma im

pirTa sia moiTxoves, romlebic ficis wignSi unda SeetanaT

da, romlebsac wignze xeli unda moeweraT. mefe dapirda

siis gamzadebas4. sia, romelSic mocemuli iyo Tavadebis vi-

naoba, elCebs gadaecaT 13 seqtembers. elCebma Tavadebis sia

ficis wignSi Seitanes5.

1 iqve, gv. 96. 2 iqve. 3 iqve, gv. 96-97. 4 iqve, gv. 102. 5 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 154.

552

imave dRes elCebma aleqsandre mefes mosTxoves, rom

man qarTulad daawerinos ficis wigni, romelSic Cawerili

iqneboda: `me mefe aleqsandre, Cemi Zma da Cemi vaJiSvili,

mTeli Cemi samefo da Cemi STamomavali, romelic amieridan

SemeZineba, ruseTis mefis umaRlesi xelis qveS myofni ymani

viqnebiT ukuniTi ukunisamde~1. elCebis es moTxovna aleqsan-

dre mefem daakmayofila.

aleqsandrem moiTxova: miuxedavad imisa, rom is mzad

iyo xelmwifisadmi erTgulebaze fici daedo, mainc saWi-

rod miaCnda elCebs misTvis gaecnoT im ficis wignis Sina-

arsi, romelic maT moskovidan Camoitanes. mefis am moTxov-

nas aRniSnavs elCobis mdivani aleqsi ievlevi2.

aleqsi ievlevma Semogvinaxa erTi saintereso cnoba,

romelic mas mousmenia 1651 wlis 2 ivliss, rodesac nikifo-

re toloCanovs mis binaze ewvivnen golgoTis mTis monas-

tris iRumeni nikifore da Teimuraz mefis aznauri ramaza-

ni. maT uTqvamT, rom àleqsandre mefe, maT (ramazans da ni-

kifore iRumens) mTavar levan dadianTan gzavnis mosalapa-

rakeblad, raTa levan mTavari aleqsandre mefes Seurigdes,

xolo Serigebis Semdeg, levan mTavarma, mis udidebuleso-

bas, mefes (aleqsi moixeilis Zes _e.m.), elCebi gaugzavnos

da did xelmwifes Seevedros, raTa misma udidebulesobam

mefem levan mTavari iseve Seiwyalos, rogorc aleqsandre

mefe da mis xelmwifur xelqveS miiRos. am saqmis gamo

aleqsandre mefem gvibrZanao, rom Cven, elCebs, Cvenis mxriT

iRumenisaTvis dagvevalebina levan mTavrisaTvis imave rCe-

vis gadacema~3.

rogorc Cans, aleqsandre mefes undoda moskovsa da

zugdids Soris urTierTobis damyarebaSi TviTon Seesrule-

bina damakavSireblis roli. ruseTis xelmwifis mfarveloba-

Si Sesuli levan dadiani, imave mfarvelis qveS myofi aleq-

1 iqve. 2 iqve, gv. 122. 3 iqve, gv. 126.

553

sandres mteri veRar iqneboda. magram icis ra dadianis gan-

wyoba ruseTisadmi da isic, rom imereTis mefis rCevas is

arafrad Caagdebs, misi fiqriT, ruseTis xelmwifis warmo-

madgenelis rCevam moskovTan urTierTobis aRdgenisaken, Se-

iZleba dadebiTi Sedegi gamoiRos.

rusma elCebma uari sTqves imereTis mefis Txovnis

Sesrulebaze, Tumca, rogorc maT ganacxades, miesalmebod-

nen erTmaneTis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobil mefesa da mTa-

vars Soris mSvidobis damyarebas da xelmwifec didad kma-

yofili darCeboda, Tuki iRumeni nikifore masze mindobil

saqmeSi warmatebas miaRwevda1.

elCebs ar undodaT da arc SeeZloT TavianTi xelmwi-

fis brZanebis gareSe Careuliyvnen aleqsandre mefisa da

levan dadianis konfliqtis mogvarebaSi. rogorc Teimuraz

mefisa da levan dadianis diplomatiur urTierTobaze sa-

ubrisas iTqva, ruseTis interesebSi ar Sedioda imereTis

samefosa da odiSis samTavros Soris mSvidobis damyareba.

ruseTis elCebTan molaparakebis paralelurad, levan

II dadianisa da aleqsandre mefis SerigebisaTvis didad aq-

tiurobda Teimuraz mefe. wyaroebis mixedviT ise Cans, rom

imereTis mefe molaparakebaSi uSualod ar monawileobda.

savaraudoa, dadians ar surda masTan molaparakeba, igi upi-

ratesobas Teimurazs aniWebda.

rodesac levan dadianis mociquli giorgi qarTveli,

odiSidan qarTlis samefoSi rostom mefesTan Teimurazis

kaxeTis taxtze aRdgenisaTvis saSuamdgomlod midis, Cans,

rom amis Semdeg man molaparakeba unda daiwyos Teimuraz-

Tan da aleqsandresTan dadiansa da imereTis mefes Soris

mSvidobis damyarebisaTvis2.

amgvarad, Cvens winaSea erTmaneTTan dapirispirebuli

ori mxare _ erTi, Teimuraz I-is da aleqsandre III-is da, me-

ore, rostom mefisa da levan II dadianis saxiT. pirvelSi

1 iqve, gv. 126-127. 2 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 122

554

aqtiurobs Teimurazi, meoreSi _ levan dadiani. saintere-

soa, ratom ase ganawilda rolebi dapirispirebulebs So-

ris? amgvari mdgomareobis martivi mizeziT axsneba. ros-

toms ar unda pirispir elaparakos mis mier devnil Teimu-

razs; dadians ar unda pirispir elaparakos mis mier mudmi-

vad Seviwroebul da devnil aleqsandres. isic cxadia, rom

namefar Teimurazs taxtis dabruneba, aleqsandres ki mosve-

nebiT mefoba undaT. upirates mdgomareobaSi myof rostom-sa da levans mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan morigeba ar awyobT. magram es ukanasknelni im valdebulebas ki grZnoben, rom Serigebis mosurneTa da, saerTod, maSindeli sazogadoebri-vi azris damSvidebis mizniT, moCvenebiT mainc gadadgan na-biji im molaparakebisaken, romelic aucileblad uSedegod damTavrdeba.

cnobili ar aris ra pirobebi wauyena rostom mefem

Teimuraz mefes, rac Seexeba levan dadianis moTxovnebs, ni-

kifore toloCanovis mixedviT, `dadiani aleqsandre mefes

ar Seurigdao, imitom, rom dadianma aleqsandre mefes aua-

rebeli aznauri moTxova SerigebaSi, samudamo zavs da mSvi-

dobas mxolod (am aznaurebis gadmocemis) Semdeg davamyare-

bo. aleqsandre mefem amaze uariT upasuxa _ me Cems aznau-

rebs Sen ar gadmogcemo. dadianma Teimuraz mefesac uari

uTxra Serigebaze~1.

unda iTqvas, rom imerTa mefe aleqsandre III moskovis

elCebTan molaparakebebis dros, Teimurazisa da levan da-

dianis fonze upretenzio, damyol mmarTvelad moCans. igi

TiTqos Cqarobs, rac SeiZleba swrafad dados erTgulebisa

da qveSevrdomobis fici. iseTi STabeWdilebas qmnis, TiT-

qos mas Teimurazi akavebs, Torem yvelafers swrafad moa-

Tavebda. imis fiqric SeiZleba, rom nikifore toloCanovi,

romelsac TeimurazTan Tavisi angariSebi hqonda, aleqsan-

dres qebiT Teimurazis, rogorc politikosisa da partnio-

risadmi arasandoobas amZafrebs. TiTqos toloCanovs qarT-

1 iqve, gv. 124.

555

velebi eubnebodnen: xelmwifis moTxovnebis dasakmayofi-

leblad TeimurazTan, romelic raWaSi binadrobda, kaci

gagzavneT da daiTanxmeT, Torem aleqsandre mefe araviTar

dabrkolebas ar Seqmniso. aleqsandre elCebs uTvlida: `di-

di xania me veZebdi xelmwifes mfarvelad da axla gamovZeb-

ne me xelmwife, mefe da didi mTavari aleqsi mixeilis Ze,

daveqvemdebare am xelmwifes me Cemi SviliT bagratiTurT

da ZmiT mamukaTurT1 samudamo ymaT moucilebliv, mTeli Ce-

mi qveyniT da am xelmwifisaTvis Tavis dasadebad mzad da

moxaruli varo~2. magram, rodesac vakvirdebiT aleqsandre

mefis rusi elCebis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad moqme-

debas, iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom igi, sinamdvileSi,

cdilobs Tavi aaridos moskovis xelmwifisadmi erTguleba-

sa da qveSevrdomobaze ficis dadebas. savaraudoa, aleqsan-

dre mefe levan dadianTan molaparakebis Sedegebs elodeba.

mas ruseTTan kavSiri levan dadianis asalagmavad unda. mi-

si amgvari politikakidev ufro naTlad gamoCndeba ruseT-

Tan Semdgomi diplomatiuri urTierTobis dros.

imereTis samefosa da ruseTis saxelmwifos warmomad-

genlebis molaparakeba aleqsandre III-is xelmwifis mfarve-

lobaSi Seyvanis Sesaxeb, cnobili gaxda osmaleTis sulTni-

saTvis da man scada SeeCerebina es arasasimovno, perspeqtiva-

Si misi saxelmwifosaTvis problemebis momtani procesi.

ruseTis elCebis imereTSi yofna daemTxva osmaleTis

saxelmwifos sagareo politikur garTulebebs. aseT viTa-

rebaSi osmaleTs ar SeeZlo gulgrili yofiliyo or qris-

tianul saxelmwifos Soris diplomatiur molaparakebisad-

1 mamuka batoniSvili da ufliswuli bagrati am dros levan dadi-

anis tyveobaSi iyvnen. erT dros levan dadians mamuka batoniSvi-

li Tavisi qaliSvilis qmraT undoda, magram mamukam beJia CxeiZis

qali SeirTo. 1647 wels igi dadianis tyveobaSi Cavarda. aleqsan-

dre mefem Tavisi vaJi bagrati dadians mZevlad gaugzavna, im piro-

biT, rom igi mamukas gaanTavisuflebda. levanma mamuka ar gaanTa-

visufla da bagratic TavisTan daitova. 2 iqve, gv. 125.

556

mi, rogor apirebda misi xeldebuli imereTis samefo Sesu-

liyo osmaleTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili ruseTis mfarve-

lobaSi.

27 ivliss aleqsandre mefis mdivanma feSangma rus el-

Cebs Tavisi mefis danabarebi acnoba: aleqsandre mefes mou-

vidnen sulTnis elCebi da `winadadeba misces, rom sulta-

nis nebarTvis gareSe ar Camogvcilde da sxva qveynebs ar

daumegobrde, jari ar Sehyaro da TurqeTis xalxs da cixe-

ebs Tavs ar daesxa da ar gveomo, sxvas (siuzerens) ar miux-

video.

aleqsandre mefem TurqeTis elCebs upasuxao, rom is

(aleqsandre mefe) Tavisi laSqriT TurqeTis sulTnis wina-

aRmdeg da mis qveSevrdomebze Tavdasasxmelad ar gamova da

arc erT mahmadianur mefes ar miemxroba, magram arc Turqe-

Tis sulTnis brZanebas ar Seasrulebs da arc mis morCile-

bas isurvebso~1.

aleqsandre mefis osmaleTis elCebisaTvis naTqvamidan

sayuradReboa erTi fraza: imereTis samefo yvela muslima-

nuri saxelmwifosadmi, maT Soris osamleTis mimarTac dai-

cavda neitralitets, arc erT maTgans ar daemorCileboda

da ar iqneboda saomar mdgomareobaSi. amgvarad, aleqsandre mefis neirtaliteti vrceldeboda mxolod muslimanuri qveynebze, magram sruliad gansxvavebuli iqneboda imereTis samefos urTierToba qristianuli (marTlmadidebluri) sa-

xelmwifoebTan. osmalo elCebisaTvis gasagebi unda yofi-

liyo, rom imereTis samefos arCevani gakeTebuli hqonda:

igi ruseTis mefis mfarvelobaSi Sedioda. maTTvis isic ga-

sagebi iqneboda, rom Tu osmaleTs samxedro konfliqti eq-neboda ruseTTan, maSin imereTis samefo am ukanasknelis mxares dadgeboda, e. i. imereTis samefos neitraliteti ar vrceldeboda osmaleTis qristianul qveyanasTan omis Sem-

TxvevaSi. `mas (aleqsandre mefes) surs did xelmwifes emsa-

xuros da mis mtrebs winaRudges da ebrZolos. rodesac es

1 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 145-146.

557

sityvebi TurqeTis elCebma moismines sTqves: Sen, aleqsan-

dre mefeo, erTmorwmune moskovis xelmwifes SeuerTdi da

TurqeTis sulTans Camocildi~1.

Tu rus elCebs davujerebT, ise gamodis, rom aleqsan-

dre mefem sulTnis elCebi imave dRes daiTxova yovelgvari

pativiscemis niSnebis gamoxatvis gareSe.

feSangs rusi elCebisaTvis isic ucnobebia, rom aleq-

sandre mefem Sahis cixe-qalaqebis dasarbevad Tavisi jari

gagzavnao. maT Tbilisamde miaRwies, yizilbaSebi da maTi

momxre qarTvelebi daamarcxes da mravali daatyveves. mefem

qristiani tyveebi Tavis aznaurebs soflebSi dauriga da ma-

Ti movla-patronoba ubrZana, mahmadianebi ki, sapyrobileeb-

Si moaTavsa2. imereTis mefis mier mowyobili laSqroba qar-

TlSi, rostom mefis samflobeloebSi, 1651 wels, e. i. ruse-

Tis elCebis saqarTveloSi yofnis periodSi, sxva wyaroe-

biT ar dasturdeba. aleqsandres rom amgvari laSqroba mo-

ewyo, amas dadiani da rostomi upasuxod ar dastovebdnen.

SeiZleba es iyo is tyuili, romliTac imereTis mefes elCe-

bi unda daerwmunebina, rom igi, ruseTis xelmwifis imediT,

ukve muslimanebis winaaRmdeg Setevaze gadavida3.

aleqsandre mefe wuxils gamosTqvamda, rom misi vaJi

bagrati da Zma mamuka dadianis tyveobaSi imyofebodnen da

SesaZlebloba ar hqonda erT-erTi maTgani moskovis xelmwi-

fesTan Tayvanis sacemad gaegzvna. igi am mdgomareobis ga-

1 iqve, gv. 148. 2 iqve, 148-149. 3 gvaqvs 1651 wlis sruliad sawinaaRmdego minaweri iloris xatze,

romelic levan dadians gaukeTebinebia: `... miuxdiT mefesa aleqsan-

dres rions gaRma, quTaTis qalaqi davwviT da avaoxreT da Semova-

degiT gvinayals da aviReT sworzeda ormocis TavadiTa da aznau-

ris SvilebiTa, sxvisa mravlisa meTofiTa, misis saqonliTa da

alafiT avsebulni...~ qronikebi II, gv. 466. savaraudoa, dadianis mi-

er imereTis akleba elCebis ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg moxda.

amis Semdeg unda momxdariyo mefis Zmis, mamukas dabrmaveba, rasac

misi gardacvaleba mohyva.

558

mosworebas Seecdeba, maSin, rodesac elCebis moskovSi gam-

gzavrebis Semdeg, didi xelmwifis imediT did laSqars Sey-

ris da Svilsa da Zmas tyveobidan daixsnis. amis Semdeg igi

Zmas an Svils xelmwifes uboZebs da moskovSi gagzavnis1.

aleqsandre mefes brZaneba gaucia, rom mis qveyanaSi

wirvis dros pirvelad aleqsi mixeilis Ze moixsenion da

misi janmrTeloba da xsna RmerTs Seavadrono2.

nikifore toloCanovs elCobis muxlobriv aRwerilo-

baSi, 1651 wlis 11 seqtembris qveS, aRniSnuli aqvs erTi sa-

yuradRebo cnoba. Teimuraz mefis moskovSi elCad namyof

mRvdel-monazoni vasilis da kosma arqimandrits rusi elCe-

bisaTvis uTqvamT, rom àaleqsandre mefesTan im dros Tbi-

lisidan, TurqeTidan da sadadianodan elCebi gamocxaddnen

da àleqsandres usayvedures, ratom dauqvemdebardi ruse-

Tis TeTr xelmwifes da mefes, did mTavars aleqsi mixei-

lis Zes samudamo ymobaSio~. aleqsandrem upasuxa: `didi xa-

nia me veZebdi xelmwifes mfarvelad da axla gamovZebne me

xelmwife, mefe da didi mTavari aleqsi mixeilis Ze, daveq-

vemdebare am xelmwifes me Cemi SviliT bagratiTurT da

ZmiT mamukaTurT samudamo ymaT moucilebliv, mTeli Cemi

qveyniT da am xelmwifisaTvis Tavis dasadebad mzad da mo-

xaruli varo~3. nikifore toloCanovis es cnoba, albaT, si-

marTles unda Seeferebodes. ar SeiZleboda, rom dasaxele-

buli qveynebis mbrZaneblebi ar SeSfoTebuliyvnen imereTis

samefos ruseTTan dakavSirebiT. es TavisTavad realoba

iyo. isic gasagebia, ra mizniT awvdidnen amgvar cnobebs,

qarTveli diplomatebi rus elCebs.

14 seqtembers, patiosani jvris amaRlebis dResaswaul-

ze wirvis dasrulebis Semdeg, elCebma aleqsandre mefes

sTxoves, rom daesrulebina ruseTis xelmwifisaTvis misace-

mi ficis wignis gaformeba, daefica da jvars mTxveoda. me-

1 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 149. 2 iqve. 3 iqve, gv. 125.

559

fis brZanebiT, taZris sakurTxevlidan gamoitanes jvari,

romelic nagebobis SuagulSi erT-erTma arqimandritma

xelSi daikava. mefem da misma kariskacebma moismines Tar-

jimnis mier qarTulad Targmnili ficis wignis, teqsti1. fi-

cis wignis qarTuli da rusuli variantebi jvris qveS amo-

debuli xelSi ekavaT nikifore toloCanovsa da aleqsi iev-

levs2. mefem pirjvari gadaisaxa da elCebis mier nakarnaxevi

sityvebi gaimeora: `vemTxvie me cxovelmyofel jvarsa amas

da Zmisa Cemisa mamukasa da Svilisa Cemisa bagratis nacvla-

dac da fics vaZlev mefesa da did mTavars sruliad ruse-

Tisas aleqsi mixeilis Zes masSi, rom me Seviqeni Cemi xel-

mwifis samudamo yma, agreTve Cemi ZmiTa mamukaTi da Svili-

Ta CemiTa bagratiTurT, mTeli Cemi qveyniT im pirobebze,

rac am ficis wignSi weriao da emTxvia jvars adamis Tavis

gamosaxulebis adgilTan~3.

rogorc Cans, rusebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda

imas Tu jvarze gamosaxuli macxovris romel adgils eam-

boreboda rusT xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi Sesuli mefe

aleqsandre. maT moiTxoves, rom mefes xelaxla Seesrulebi-

na rituali da macxovris gamosaxulebis fexebs mTxveoda.

aleqsandrem es moTxovna Seasrula. mefis Semdeg, jvars em-

Txvivnen sasuliero pirebi, Tavadebi da aznaurebi4. magram

ficis wigns Zala jer ar hqonda. igi aleqsandre mefes Ta-

visi beWdiT unda daemtkicebina.

ficis wignTan dakavSirebiT aleqsi ievlevi aRniSnavs

erT saintereso momentsac, romelic winaaRmdegobaSi modis

nikifore toloCanovis naTqvamTan. ievlevis gadmocemiT,

elCebs mefisaTvis mouTxoviaT, maTTvis is beWedi gaegzavna,

romliTac ficis wigni unda daemtkicebina. rodesac elCeb-

ma beWedi gasinjes, naxes, rom masze gamosaxuli iyo kaTo-

1 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 157. 2 iqve. 3 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 126. 4 iqve.

560

likuri jvari da mis garSemo mefis saxeli ewera. elCebma

moiTxoves axali beWdis gakeTeba, romelzec iqneboda war-

wera: `me imereTis mefe aleqsandre, Cemi SviliT bagratiT

da Cemi ZmiT mamukaTi samudamo yma var, xellmwifis da me-

fis, didi mTavris aleqsi mixeilis Zis sruliad ruseTisa~1.

mefe ficis wignis damtkicebas agvianebda. aucilebe-

li iyo sasuliero pirebisa da Tavad-aznaurebis xelis mo-

werac, rac sxvadasxva mizeziT aseve igvianebda da elCebis

gamgzavrebasac ayovnebda.

elCebma ramdenjerme sTxoves aleqsandre mefes, rom

mas TeimurazTan eSuamdgomla pirobis Sesrulebisa da el-

Cebis droulad, zamTris dawyebamde gaSvebis Sesaxeb, mag-

ram alqsandre Tavs aridebda maTi Txovnis dakmayofilebas.

rogorc nikifore toloCanovi gadmogvcems, erTxel aleq-

sandre mefem elCebTan Tavisi kacebi _ vasil iRumeni da

lomkaci jafariZe gagzavna da daabara: radgan Teimurazi

danapirebs ver asrulebda, elCebs imereTSi gamoezamTraT.

elCebi imereTSi gamozamTrebaze daTanxmdnen im pirobiT,

`Tu aleqsandre Cven migviRebs da dazamTrebas gvibrZanebs,

da Teimuraz mefis SviliSvilis gazafxulze mis udidebu-

lesobasTan CvenTan erTad gamostumrebas ikisrebs, Cven da-

vizamTrebT da davicdiT, rom movkvdeT mainc davizam-

TrebT~2. aleqsandres kacebis pasuxi iyo, rom maTi mefe Te-

imurazis saqmeze pasuxismgeblobas araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar

ikisrebda.

aleqsandre mefem elCebs SeuTvala, rom man Teimuraz

mefesTan kaci gagzavna da daabara: `Teimuraz mefes Tqven-

Tvis elCebisaTvis, xelwerili moeca da vada daeniSna. TviT

aleqsandre mefe Teimurazis saqmeebs araviTar SemTxvevaSi

ar kisrulobs da amasTan mas saqme ara aqvso~. imereTis me-

fe, mxolod im dros, rodesac Teimurazi Tavis SviliSvils

xelmwifesTan gagzavnida, maSin brZanebda, rom igi mis

1 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 161. 2 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 136.

561

xalxs gaecilebina da misi amala cxenebiT uzrunveleyoT,

aleqsandre sxva saxsrebsac pirdeboda: `ramdenic dasWirde-

ba vuSovni da Rirseulad gavacilebo~. aleqsandre yoveli-

ve amas akeTebda moskovis xelmwifis pativiscemisaTvis: `mah-

madianic rom midiodes Cem qveyanaze gavliT, magram me miT-

xras rom mis udidebulesobasTan mivdivaro, me maSinac

brZanebas gavcem isic pativiT gaacilono. es ki (erekle

_e.m.) batoniSvilia xom da amasTanave Cemi naTesavicaa. misma

udidebulesobam xelmwifem da didma mTavarma aleqsi mixei-

lis Zem, rom sxva saxelmwifosTan omi inebos da amis Sesa-

xeb CemTan kaci gamogzvnoso, me mTeli Cemi qveyniT xelmwi-

fes Tan gavyvebi da misTvis Tavis dadebisTvisac ki moxaru-

li viqnebio~1.

sainteresoa aleqsandre mefis aqcia 7 oqtombers qu-

Taisis moedanze, romlis drosac, elCebis da imereTis ie-

rarqebisa da Tavadaznaurobis winaSe warmosTqva sityva.

rogorc Cans, mas undoda damswreebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT

ucxoelebisaTvis, Seexsenebina, Tu ratom ver SesZles misma

winaprebma moskovis xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi Sesvla, ratom

iyvnen damoukideblad da arc osmalebs da arc yizilba-

Sebs da, saerTod, arc erT muslimanur saxelmwifos ar mi-

emxrnen. rac Seexeba ruseTs, am qveynisadmi miumxromloba

mis Sesaxeb informaciis uqonlobiT iyo gamowveuli. magram

ZiriTadi aleqsandre mefis sityvaSi unda yofiliyo is, rac

man ruseTis xelmwifisadmi saqebari epiTetebi warmosTqva.

mas surda aseT fonze eCvenebina Tavisi, aranaklebi Rirse-

ba. àxla me, aleqsandre mefem, Cemi simamrisagan, Teimuraz

mefisagan, qarTl-kaxeTis mefisagan gavige da movismine misi

udidebulesobis sruliad ruseTis xelmwifis da mefis

aleqsi mixeilis Zis Sesaxeb, rom is aris udidesi usaxelo-

vanesi qristiani xelmwife da mefe, mravali saxelovani da

didi saxelmwifoebis mflobeli. mec, aleqsandre mefe, xom

Cem mama-papaTagan, saberZneTis udidesi mefeTagan, marTlma-

1 iqve, gv. 138.

562

didebeli qristianuli sarwmunoebis mefe var. Cemma simam-

rma Teimuraz qarTvelTa mefem momiwoda misi udidebuleso-

bis maRali xelis qveS Sesvla. da axla me Cems xelmwifes-

Tan... mivedi... mivendve Cemi ZmiT mamuka batoniSviliT, Cemi

SviliT bagrat batoniSviliT...~1

aleqsandre mefe xelmwifes pirdeboda, rom imereTis

samefos sasuliero da saero pirebi, mTeli imereTis mosax-

leoba da qveyana mas da mis Svilebs, exlandelsa da ima-

Tac, romlebic momavalSi eyoleba, misi samudamo ymebi iqne-

bian, vidre mze anaTebs. axla ki, aleqsandre elCebsa da sa-

Cuqrebs agzavnis moskovSi2.

nikifore toloCanovis mixedviT, aleqsandrem moskov-

Si gasagzavni Tavisi elCebis Sesaxeb rusebs 8 oqtombers

acnoba. eseni iyvnen molareTuxucesi Tavadi lomkac jafa-

riZe da artimon (evdemon) arqimandriti. mefem ficis wignze

beWdis dasmis dagvianeba imiT axsna, rom ruseTis xelmwifi-

sadmi erTgulebis dasamtkiceblad, mis saxelze axali beWe-

di gaakeTebina3.

nikifore toloCanovma sakmaod gansxvavebulad gad-

mogvca aleqsandre mefis quTaisis moedanze warmoTqmuli

sityva (nikifore toloCanovis mixedviT es moxda 8 oqtom-

bers). nikifore toloCanovi ar ambobs, rom rusi elCebis

moTxovniT Secvala mefem Tavisi beWedi da zemoT aRniSnu-

li warwerac maTi karnaxiT gaakeTebina.

nikifore toloCanovis mier gadmocemuli mefis mier

warmoTqmuli sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT unda iTqvas, rom

aleqsandre mefis gagebiT, moskovis xelmwifes, valdebule-

ba unda egrZno da daecva Tavisi axali mamuli _ imereTis

samefo da misi mefe aleqsandre. am ukanasknels ki, Tavis

yvelaze did mtrad levan dadiani miaCnda. mas TavdacvisaT-

vis aucileblad esaWiroeboda zarbaznebi. aleqsandres

1 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 161-161 2 iqve, gv. 162. 3 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 140.

563

fiqriT, Tu zarbaznebis gamogzavna ver moxerxdeboda, maSin

xelmwifes zarbaznebis ostatebi, Tavisi xelsawyo-iaraRe-

biT mainc unda gamoegzavna. aleqsandrem Teimurazis ruseT-

Tan urTierTobidan icoda, rom moskovidan jaris gamogzav-

na realobis farglebs scildeboda, amitom man elCebs daa-

vala xelmwifisaTvis eTxovaT, iqneb doneli kazakebi damax-

maroso, `riTac me, misi ymis mtrebTan gamklaveba SeviZlo

da mis xelmwifur saxels warmateba SevZino, xolo `xelm-

wifis mamuli imereTis qveyana~ gavafarTovo... me xelmwifis

ymam imisaTvis virCie aRmosavleTis, axali romis didi xel-

mwife da mTeli Cemi imereTis qveyanis uzenaes xelmwifed

vaRiare igi, rom WeSmariti marTlmadidebluri qristianu-li sarwmunoeba gavmarToo~1.

moyvanil citataSi yuradRebas iqcevs aleqsandre me-

fis mier moskovis xelmwifisaTvis Txovna, rom man mis ymas,

aleqsandre III-s mtrebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad doneli

kazakebi daaxmaros. im dros ki, aleqsandres levan dadian-

ze seriozuli mteri ar hyavda.

friad sayuradReboa, agreTve, aleqsandre mefis mier

aleqsi mixeilis Zis ààxali romis~ xelmwifed moxsenieba2. im

rusi elCebis CanawerebSi, romlebic saqarTveloSi imyofe-

bodnen, ver vnaxulobT àxal roms~. arc qarTveli mefeebis

ruseTis xelmwifeebTan mimoweraSi, arc moskoveli elCebis

qarTvel politikur moRvaweebTan oficialuri molaparakebe-

bis dros an kerZo saubrebSi vxvdebiT moskovis amgavari ti-

1 iqve, gv. 140-141. 2 rusma ideologebma moskovs àxali romi~ Searqves, riTac ruse-

Tis saxelmwifos marTlmadideblur samyaroSi da, saerTod, slav

xalxebze batonobisaken miswrafebas gamoxatavdnen. moskovisaTvis

aRniSnuli titulis miniWeba, axali ideologiis dasawyiss niSnav-

da, rac Tavis dasabuTebas poulobda 1472 wels didi mTavris iva-

ne III-is bizantiis (misi dedaqalaqi konstantinopoli _ meore ro-

mi) ukanaskneli samefo dinastiis warmomadgenelze sofia (zoia)

paleologze qorwinebaSi. moskovi gamocxadda àxal romad~ an me-

same romad.

564

tuliT moxseniebas. qarTveli mefis mier, Tundac mxolod am

ori sityvis (àxali romi~) gamoyeneba diplomatiuri xasiaTis

gamosvlaSi, metyvelebs Sesabamisi periodis qarTveli poli-tikosebis seriozul informirulobaze, am SemTxvevaSi, ruse-Tis saxelmwifos sagareo politikuri interesebis Sesaxeb.

9 oqtombers quTaisis did sakrebulo taZarSi, aleq-

sandre mefem ficis wignze beWdis dasma brZana. mefis Sem-

deg, misma sulierma moZRvarma zaqaria mitropolitma da

sxva sasuliero pirebma, Tavadebma da aznaurebma masze xe-

li moaweres1.

uaRresad sainteresoa ficis wignis gaformebis Semdeg

aleqsandre mefis mier rusi elCebisaTvis maTs xelmwifes-

Tan danabarebi, romelzec nikifore toloCanovi TiTqmis

arafers ambobs2. savaraudoa, faqtebis aRrevasTan gvaqvs

saqme. toloCanovma aleqsandre mefis xelmwifisaTvis saT-

xovari 8 oqtombris qveS mogvca. maSin, rodesac swori iqne-

boda mefes Tavisi Txovna-winadadebebi ficis dadebis cere-

monialis Semdeg ganecxadebina, rogorc ievlevi Tavis anga-

riSSi gadmogvcems.

isic unda iTqvas, rom aleqsi ievlevis monaTxrobi

bevrad saintereso cnobebs Seicavs, amitom maT ufro daw-

vrilebiT ganvixilav, ris Semdeg naTeli gaxdeba gansxvave-

ba am ori diplomatis (nikifore toloCanovi da aleqsi iev-

levi) angariSebSi mocemul cnobebs Soris.

aleqsandre mefe ruseTis xelmwifes pirdeba, rom marad-

Jams misi erTguli iqneba da arc erTi muslimanuri qveynis

mbrZanebelTan ar iqneba amgvar urTierTobaSi. `samagierod

misma udidebulesobam moxedos Cems imereTis saxelmwifos~:

1. `gamogzavnos Cems sataxto qalaq quTaisSi Tavisi

maxlobeli mxedarT-mTavari, romlis gamogzavnasac TviT

1 iqve, gv, 142; aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 163-165. 2 nikifore toloCanovis mixedviT ise gamodis, rom aleqsandre me-

fes xelmwifisaTvis saTxovari sxva araferi hqonda garda Sevar-

denisa. nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 142.

565

xelmwife inebebs da Cemi saxelmwifo mtrebisagan daicvas

da pasuxi gasceso. xolo TviT me, aleqsandre, Cem saxel-

mwifos Sina mtrebisagan gavwmendo~1.

2. aleqsandre mefis saxelmwifos erTaderTi mteri

hyavs, es aris levan dadiani, romelic mSromel xalxs Tavs

esxmis da mraval borotebas ukeTebs. amitom aleqsandre me-

fe ruseTis xelmwifes sTavazobs erToblivad mouRon bo-

lo imereTis am satkivars. erToblivi moqmedeba mas Semdeg-

nairad warmoudgenia: xelmwifem ubrZanos donis kazakebs,

`romelnic xSirad sadadianoSi modian, maT dabebs da sof-

lebs arbeven da gamosasyidsac iRebeno. da Tuki mefis udi-

debulesoba inebebs da Tavis Tavisufal kazakebs ubrZanebs

Savi zRviT TviT dadianis da dadianis samflobeloebis wi-

naaRmdeg amxedrebas, kazakebi misi udidebulesobis brZane-

bas Seismenen da dadians Tavs daesxmiano. mec, aleqsandre

mefe, SevuTanxmdebi maT da Cemi mxriT Sevyri did laSqars

da dadianis winaaRmdeg gavemarTebi da am gziT dadians da-

vaSineb da davimorCilebo~2.

3. ruseTis xelmwifis saqarTvelos saqmeebiT kidev

ufro dainteresebis mizniT, zemoxsenebuli erToblivi Ri-

nisZiebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, aleqsandre mefe mas odi-

Sis samTavroze misi xelisuflebis gavrcelebis pespeqtiva-

sac usaxavs: `vfiqrob, rom dadianic xelmwifis maRali xe-

lis qveS myofi samudamo yma Seiqmneba~3.

4. aleqsandre mefes didi survili hqonda xelmwifes

misTvis mimino an Sevardeni gamoegzavna. imereTis mefe xel-

mwifis amgvar saCuqars simbolur datvirTvas miscemda. `mas

ise davuwyeb cqeras rogorc TviT did xelmwifeso... da mi-

si am wyalobiT xalxis winaSe viamayebo~4.

5. aleqsandre mefe iTxovs moskovis xelmwifem imereT-

1 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 163-164. 2 iqve, gv. 164. 3 iqve. 4 iqve, gv. 164-165.

566

Si `Tofebis, zarbaznebis da Tofis wamlis zaruyvas yabar-

domde gadmotana brZanos, xolo am yabardodan me TviT

gadmovatanineb mTebze Cems xalxso. Tu ara da iqneb xel-

mwifem inebos zarbaznebis ostatebis CvenTan gamogzavnao~1.

aleqsandre mefis moskovis elCebTan molaparakeba, Te-

oriulad, warmatebiT damTavrda. amis Semdeg saWiro iyo

Teimuraz mefesTan sakiTxis mogvareba, ufro sworad, misi

dayolieba, rom rusi elCebisaTvis gaeyolebina batoniSvi-

li erekle/nikolozi. TeimurazTan molaparakeba uaRresad

mZimed mimdinareobda da, sabolood nikifore toloCanovma

warmatebas mainc ver miaRwia. rogorc iTqva, mas mZevlis ga-

reSe mouxda moskovSi dabruneba.

elCebi quTaisidan 10 oqtombers gaemgzavrnen. rusebs

Tan gaayoles qarTveli elCebi _ lomkac jafariZe da arqi-

mandriti evdemoni, maT axldnen aznauri rosebi, ori kaci

Tarjimani da ori molare, elCebis msaxurebi 19 kaci da me-

fis sami mejinibe, romlebsac xelmwifisaTvis saCuqrad sami

cxeni mihyavdaT2.

elCebi 1651 wlis 30 noembers cixe-qalaq TergSi Cavid-

nen3. 1652 wlis 14 agvistos niJni novgorodSi xomaldiT mi-

vidnen, 19 agvistos ki ukve moskovSi iyvnen4.

m. brosem gamoaqveyna aleqsandre mefis 1651 wlis 14

seqtembriT daTariRebuli, qarTulad dawerili werili. we-

1 iqve, gv. 165. 2 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 178. 3 1651 weli aleqsandre III-isaTvis kidev erTi diplomatiuri kon-

taqtiT aRiniSna. toskanis didma hercogma ferdinand II-m, romelic

Teatinel berebs mfarvelobda, aleqsandre mefesa da levan dadi-

ans werilebi gamougzavna (liCini patricia ana, qristoforo kas-

teli da misi misia saqarTveloSi, Targmani, Sesavali da SeniSvne-

bi m. papaSvilisa, Tb., 2009. 35), romlebSic, savaraudoa, misionere-

bis mfarvelobas da xelSewyobas sTxovda. levan dadianisa ar vi-

ciT, magram imereTis mefem, rom namdvilad upasuxa ferdinand II-s,

amas vigebT kastelis naTqvamidan, rom is hercogs ewvia floren-

ciaSi 1654 wels aleqsandre mefis davalebiT (iqve, gv. 48). 4 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 177.

567

rilis saTauri (ìmereTis mefe aleqsandre III-is werili me-

fe aleqsi mixeilis Zes~, gamomcemels unda ekuTvnodes) da

Sinaarsi migvaniSnebs, rom igi Sedgenili iyo rogorc elCe-

bis samuSao gegma. aleqsandre mefe mimarTavs elCebs da ara

rusT xelmwifes. elCebs alqsamdre mefis saxeliT unda ga-

moexataT xelmwifisadmi didi pativiscema da morCileba,

moexsenebinaT imereTis mefis umTavres saTxovarze _ daecva

levan dadianis Tavdasxmebisagan. elCebs aleqsandre mefis

saxeliT moskovis xelmwifisaTvis unda SexsenebiaT, rom

Teimuraz mefes didi xania amgvari daxmarebis imedi aqvs,

magram jer veraferi miiRo. unda eTqvaT, rom Teimurazis

Tavs datexili ubedureba, ZiriTadad dadianis bralia, ro-

melic qarTlis mefesTan da SahTan aris dakavSirebuli da

maTi mxardaWeriT moqmedebs. roca, xelmwifis mondomebiT,

levan dadiani mTavari aRar iqneba, maSin aleqsandre mefe

Teimurazs odiSis samTavroSi gaabatonebs.

adresatisaTvis iolad gasagebi unda yofiliyo, rom

Teimurazis odiSSi gamefebiT (am ideis ganxorcielebas

aleqsandre mefe SemdgomSic cdilobda) moskovis mTavro-

bas mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze gavlenis gavrcelebaSi

dabrkoleba aRar eqneboda. amas garda, aleqsandre mefis

gegmis mixedviT, Tu xelmwife imereTis mefes daexmareboda,

ruseTis saxelmwifo did politikur warmatebas moipovebda

Tavis metoqe osamleTis saxelmwifoze ise, rom finansebi

da jari ar dasWirdeboda.

`merme ese vikadroT. _ swers aleqsandre mefe, _ Cven

magaTgan amdens wyalobas, arc vRirsvarT, aram Tu kidev

Cvens saqmes Ãelmwife rogorRa gavsarjoT? magram viTamc

rom es mefe Teimuraz, magaTis imediT sZlebs, am qveyanas

magaTgan Cven didi wyaloba gvWirs. amasac SemovxvewnivarT

da Tavi dagvikravs, rom am urjulosa da qristianobis

mters dadianze mogvexmaron. Tu an xazina da Tofxana dae-

xarjebodes, da an magaTs laSkars ziani rame hqondes ar

movaxsenebT, magram erTi ena daexarjvisT, rom yazaxebs ub-

rZanon da omis saqmes is gaaTavebs: amdeni patiosani nawili

da xati da jvari darCebis, rom Ãelmwifesac gaukvirdes,

568

da iamos: mefe Teimuraz aman waaxdina da Tu es (dadiani _e.m.) ar iyos, amis adgils Cvenc (Teimurazs _e.m.) davaWeri-

nebT RvTis SewevniT. magram (dadiani _e.m.) qarTlis xanis

moyvare aris da yeens elCsa da mosakiTxavs ugzavnis da mis

jamagirs sWams. yizilbaSis zurgiT iqs, Tvaram marto amas

Cvenc, magaTis (moskovis xelmwifis _e.m.) bednierebiT rac

gvindoda imas uzamdiT: Tu amdenad Segvibralebs Ãelmwife

rom moindomebs, qarTulis brZanebis meti ar daexarjeba ra, da Savs zRvas daiWiravs da stambolis saqmes amisi da-

WirviT rac unda isre gairigebs~1.

12 noembers xelmwifesTan audienciis dros elCebma

waradgines aleqsandre mefis sakmaod vrceli werili, ro-

melSic gadmocemuli iyo odiSis mTavris, qarTveli da ru-

si mefeebisaTvis miuRebel moqmedebaze.

werilSi naTqvami iyo, rom odiSis mTavrebi yovelTvis

aleqsandre mefis winaprebis qveSevrdomebi iyvnen. ramdenime

welia, rac levan dadiani mefes Camoscilda da aRar emor-

Cileba. igi xarks uxdis sulTans, muslmanebTan gverdig-

verd cxovrobs da muslimanTa jaris daxmarebiT imerTs ip-

yrobs da anadgurebs. moskovis xelmwifis yma kazakebs, rom-

lebic gemebiT Sav zRvaSi Semodian da muslimanebs ebrZvi-

an, qristianebs ar erCian, dadiani maT TavisTan Seityuebs,

viTomdac muslimebTan saomrad, xocavs da Turqebze hyidis

an sulTans saCuqrad ugzavnis, risTvisac wyalobas iRebs.

werilSi moTxrobilia Tu rogor moxda dadianis

rostom mefesa da SahTan daaxloeba: dadiani imereTSi ita-

cebs qristianebs da yizilbaSTa Sahs ugzavnis. amis gamo

aqvs Sahisagan daxmareba da wyaloba. dadianma rostom mefes

Tavisi da miaTxova, raTa mas imereTis winaaRmdeg eoma. man

marTlac mravaljer Seusia Tavisi jari imereTs. aleqsan-

dre mefe xelmwifes sTxovs, rom man Savi zRvidan dadiani

Seaviwrovos, mis mier warmoebuli Zarcva-rbevisaTvis Suri


569

iZios, muslimanebs CamoaSoros, qristianobaSi ganamtkicos

da Zveleburad aleqsandre mefes daumorCilos.

aleqsandre mefes arc imis miwera daviwyebia, rogor ve-

ragulad Caigdo dadianma xelSi da tyveobaSi gamoamwyvdia

misi Zma da Svili da amgvari zemoqmedebiT cdilobda igi

aleqsandre mefis osmaleTis sulTnis morCilebaSi Seyvanas,

magram uari miiRo. xelmwife daexmaros aleqsandres Zmisa da

Svilis ganTavisuflebaSi da Tu moisurvebs isini TavisTan

waiyvanos, an aleqsandres misces, rogorc misi neba iqneba.

saintereso winadadebas sTavazobs aleqsandre mefe

moskovis xelmwifes: xelmwifem imereTSi gagzavnos Tavis

beWedi, raTa man aleqsandres mTeli samflobeloebi qveSev-

rdomad Caibaros, aleqsandre mefes, mis axloblebs da mis

mxedrobas sarCo dauniSnos, raTa SesZlon winaRudgnen

mters. radgan ruseTSi damzadebuli zarbaznebis mTebze

gadmotana SeuZlebelia, amitom sasurvelia xelmwifem

aleqsandre mefes gamougzavnos spilenZi, kala da ostatebi,

imereTSi zarbaznebi Camoasxamen.

aleqsandre mefes Tavisi elCebisaTvis zepirad dauba-

rebia, rom igi mzad iyo Tavisi samefos mmarTveloba xel-

mwifis warmomadgenlisaTvis Caebarebina. amisaTvis elCebs

xelmwifisaTvis unda eTxovaT gaegzavna imereTSi Tavisi

`keTili da erTguli kaci~, romelic daaTvalierebda qala-

qebsa da monastrebs, mxedrobasa da saero xalxs da yvela-

fers mefis saxeliT moawesrigebda. aleqsandre mefis qve-

Sevrdomni mzad iyvnen sixaruliT aesrulebinaT xelmwifis

yvela brZaneba1.

aleqsandre III-is vrceli werilidan TvalnaTliv Cans,

rom igi cdilobs, radac ar unda daujdes moskovi ara mxo-

lod daainteresos imereTis samefos mdgomareobiT, aramed

praqtikulad Caabas qveynisa da xalxis dacvis saqmeSi. am

miznidan gamondinare, igi mzadaa xelmwifis ndobiT aRWur-

vil pirs gadasces Tavisi samefos saqmeebis warmarTva.

1 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 440-441.

570

aleqsandre mefis mier aleqsi mixeilis Zis winaSe Ta-

vis damdablebam, rac moskovis xlmwifis pirovnebisa da xe-

lisuflebis camde ayvanasa da sakuTari Tavis mis fexTa

mtvrad gamocxadebaSi gamoixata (aseTi TviTdamcireba Tei-

muraz mefis xelmwifisadmi mimarTvebSic gamosWvivis), is

Sedegi gamoiRo, rom aleqsi mixelis Zis 1653 wlis 19 maisis

sapasuxo werilSi, romelic qarTvel elCebs gadasces,

aleqsandres mefobiTac ki ar moixseniebs da mas imereTis

miwebis mflobels, gamges (Меретинские земли начальник) uwo-debs da sityvas ar Zravs qarTveli mefis im saTxovarze,

romelsac zemoT gavecaniT. is mxolod ugzavnis sam Sevar-

dens, 80 ormoceul siasamuris bewvs da 10 aTas efimks. xel-

mwife imereTis mefes uwonebs ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Ses-

vlas da saCuqrebis sanacvlod, erTgulebisa da qveSevrdo-

mobis ficis mtkiced dacvas avaldebulebs. igi da misi mem-

kvidreebi sicocxlis bolomde erTgulni unda iyvnen xel-

mwifis, misi Svilebis, SviliSvilebis, iyvnen maTi msaxure-

bi, izrunon maTze da keTili moindomon maTTvis, yovelgva-

ri cbierebis gareSe. xelmwifis vrceli werili mTavrdeba

imiT, rom igi donze atamanebsa da kazakebs acnobebs aleq-

sandres Txovnis Sesaxeb1.

1654 wlis 1 ivniss qarTveli elCebi moskovidan wamovid-

nen. maTTan erTad modiodnen Teimuraz da aleqsandre mefeeb-

Tan gamogzavnili rusi elCebi _ dimitri gorixvastovi da

diaki gleb patrikievi, romlebsac xelmwifis sigelebi da

nawyalobevi siasamurebi mohqondaT. rusi elCebi, imave wlis

noember-dekemberSi, TergSi raRac sneulebiT daixocnen.

1655 wlis 7 maiss moskovidan gamogzavnes axali elCo-

ba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobdnen vasili Jidovinovi da dia-

ki fedor poroSini. maT mohqondaT Teimuraz da aleqsandre

mefeebisaTvis sigelebi, romlebSic isini kvlav `naCalnik~-

ebad iwodebodnen

aleqsandresTvis gmogzavnili sigelebi, Sinaarsobrivad,

1 iqve, gv. 441-442.

571

mcirediT gansxvavdeboda imaTgan, romlebic TergSi daxocil

dimitri gorixvastovsa da diak gleb patrikievs mohqondaT1.

1656 wlis 26 maiss rus elCebi jer Teimuraz mefes ra-

WaSi, 8 ivniss ki aleqsandre mefes eaxlnen da xelmwifis

sigeli da saCuqrebi gadasces2. molaparakebis Sesaxeb TiT-

qmis araferi viciT.

aseve CemTvis ucnobi mizezis gamo (savaraudoa, Teimu-

raz da aleqsandre mefeebis davalebiT) rus elCebze adre,

1657 wels, moskovSi dabrunda Tarjimani ilia stoianovi,

roelmac 4 seqtembers Cveneba misca dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, kerZod, dadianis Teimu-

razTan urTierTobaze, romelzec òdiSis samTavroSi~vila-

parakebT. axla ki gavecnoT aleqsandre mefis sigels, rome-

lic stoianovma moskovSi Caitana.

aleqsandre mefis sigelSi dayenebuli imereTis samefos

mtkivneuli sakiTxebi gagvaxsenebs 1651 wlis 14 seqtembris im

werils, romlis Sesaxeb vivaraude, rom igi Sedgenili iyo

qarTveli elCebis saxelmZRvanelod da ara moskovis xelmwi-

fisaTvis gadasacemad. masSi dayenebuli moTxovnebis realize-

ba, rogorc Cans, elCebma ver SeZles, amitom aleqsandre mefem

garkveuli koreqtirebis Semdeg, mas sigelis saxe misca da

ilia stoianovs xelmwifesTan gaatna 1656 wels.

aleqsandre mefe xelmwifes kvlav levan dadianis av-

kacobaze acnobebs da mis winaaRmdeg doneli kazakebis Savi

zRvidan odiSis samTavroze Tavdasasxmelad brZanebas iT-

xovs. mefes mTavris damorCilebis erTaderT saSualebad

doneli kazakebis Seteva miaCnia3. aleqsandre xelmwifes

1 iqve, gv. 448-449. 2 iqve, gv. 451. 3 qarTveli politikosebi iTvaliswinebdnen doneli kazakebis iseT

seriozul samxedro operaciebs, gansakuTrebiT ki, azovis cixis

aRebas (1637 w.) da mTeli xuTi wliT SenarCunebas (Новосельский А. А., Борьба Московского государства с татарами в первой половине в. М.- Л., 1948, с. 256-262), rodesac azovSi gaCaRebul saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi,

savaraudoa, saqarTvelos vaWrebic monawileobdnen.

572

pirdapir wers, rom Tu donel kazakebs amgvar brZanebas ga-

ugzavnis, maSin TviTon araviTar zarals ar ganicdis, xei-

ri ki bevri eqneba, radgan dadianis samTvroSi mravladaa

wminda saswaulmoqmedi xatebi, saswaulmoqmedi jvrebi da

mravali wmindanis nawilebi. aleqsandre mefe xelmwifes ki-

dev erTxel Seaxsenebs, rom Teimurazis samefos ganadgure-

ba dadianis xrikebiT moxda. igi Tbilisis xanTan da SahTan

megobrobs, saCuqrad ugzavnis marTlmadidebel qristianebs,

samagierod Sahisagan iRebs did jamagirs. dadiani Zlieria

mxolod yizilbaSebis daxmarebiT da erToblivad anadgu-

reben qristianebs. roca mas yizilbaSebis Sahisagan daxma-

reba ar eqneba, iolad daiZleva. aleqsandre kidev erTxel

umeorebs xelmwifes, rom misma mefurma udidebulesobam ub-

rZanos kazakebs, Seesion zRvasTan mdebare dadianis qveyanas

da jariT davimorCiloT. yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis aleqsan-

dre III aleqsi mixeilis Zes Seaxsenebs, rom dadianis qveya-

nasTan zRvis sanapiroze mdebareobs Turqebis sulTnis qa-

laqi trapizoni1. rogorc Cans, aleqsandre mefe, 1651 wels

Tavisi elCebisaTvis micemuli davalebisagan gansxvavebiT,

romelsac zemoT gavecaniT, ruseTis xelmwifes aRar usa-

xavs farTo mniSvnelobis amocanas, rom `qarTulis brZane-

bis meti ar daexarjeba ra, da Savs zRvas daiWiravs da

stambolis saqmes amisi daWirviT rac unda isre gairigebs~2.

imereTis mefe, iTvaliswinebs ra ruseTis dainteresebas, Sav

zRvaSi gasasvlelis mopovebisa da iq damkvidrebis Sesaxeb,

cdilobs ruseTis xelmwife, amjerad, mxolod osmaleTis

savaWro da strategiuli qalaqis, trapizonis, dauflebis

SesaZleblobiT daainteresos. magram, safiqralia, man ar

icis, rom XVII s. 40-50-ian wlebSi ruseTis mTavrobas Tvi-

Ton aqvs daZabuli urTierToba doneli kazakTa atamaneb-

Tan, romelTa damorCilebas cdilobs. ase, rom xelmwife

kazakebs ver ubrZanebda saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiros

1 iqve, gv. 454. 2 Переписка, с. 66-67.

573

dalaSqvras, miT umetes, rom mas Semdeg, rac Turqebma azo-

vis cxesimagre kazakebs waarTves da ise gaamagres, rom do-

nel kazakebs zRvaSi gasvla gansakuTrebiT gauZneldaT.

1657 wlis 17 dekembers moskovSi Cavida imereTis mefis

elCi ivane `lukini~, romelmac xelmwifes sigeli Cautana.

aleqsandre III xelmwifes ulocavs reC pospolitis mefeze

gamarjvebas, romliTac man Tavis mtrulad ganwyobil mezob-

lebs SiSis zari dasca, xolo imereTis mefe Zlier gaaxara.

aleqsandre acnobebs xelmwifes, rom misi survilis

mixedviT, Teimuraz mefis rZali elene SvilTan, nikoloz

daviTis ZesTan erTad moskovSi gauSva. imereTis mefe aleq-

si mixeilis Zes sTxovs, rom maT wyaloba da pativi ar mo-

aklos. rac SeexebaT aleqsandres da Teimurazs, isini aga-

rianebisgan didad Seviwroebulni arian da Tu daxmareba

male ar iqneba, daiRupebian. `mas Semdeg rac Seni udidebu-

lesobis qveSevrdomni gavxdiT, dadianic kidev ufro mkac-

rad gvitevs. radgan dadiani moxiblulia agarianTa rwme-

niT, Turqisa da yizilbaSis saCuqrebs iRebs, Turqsa da yi-

zilbaSs qristianebs ugzavnis saCuqrebis sanacvlod, raTa

mas jari miscen Cvens sawinaaRmdegod da Cveni danarCeni sa-

xelmwifo gaanadguros. dido xelmwife, Tu inebeb donis ka-

zakebs ubrZano, isini TviT mas Savi zRvidan gaanadgureben.

roca doneli kazakebi dadians gaanadgureben, maSin Cveni

qveSevrdomi saxelmwifo Seni mefuri maRali xelis qveS

ganmtkicdeba. yvelaferze zepirad vubrZane Cems elCebs iva-

ne lukianovsa da mdivan giorgis~. aseTive Sinaarsis weri-

li ruseTis elCs, Jidovanovs Cautania moskovSi1.

ivane `lukins~, moskovSi Cautania dedofal maria ili-

as asulisaTvis gadasacemi imereTis dedoflis ekaterines

(Teimuraz I-is asuli darejani) sigeli, romelSic mokiT-

xvasTan erTad CamoTvlilia imereTidan gagzavnili saCuq-

rebi da darejani iTxovs xatis mosaWedad furclovani oq-

ro gamomigzavneTo: èrTi marmarilos Tasi, erTi, margali-

1 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 459-461.

574

tis beWedi, sami sxva beWedi, erTi vercxlis godori, erTi

zarbabis sartyyeli, erTi bade, erTi dolbandi, erTi kria-

losoni marjnisa, merme Tqvenad sadRegrZelod saydars va-

SenebT, xatis mosaWedaT cota odeni oqro miboZos batonman

(aleqsi mixeilisZem _e.m.), Tu ar gagviwyrebodes~1.

dedofal darejanis mier qarTulad dawerili es sige-

li daTariRebulia 1657 wlis 22 dekembriT. dedani da misi

sruli rusuli Targmani gamoaqveyna m. brosem2. aRsaniSnavia,

rom am sigelSi dasaxelebuli ar aris adresatis saxeli, mi-

TiTebulia mxolod `dedofali~. g. paiWaZem gamoaqveyna imave

qarTveli elCis mier moskovSi Catanili meore werili 1657

wlis 1 seqtembrisa, romelSic m. broses mier gamoqveynebul-

Tan gansxvavebiT, dasaxelebulia adresatic, vrcelia, saCuq-

rebis raodenoba da aRwerilobac gansxvavebulia: `Tqvens me-

fur udidebulesobas gamovugzavne Cveni mcire gasaxseneble-

bi: marmarilos Tasi gawyobili oqroTi, qvebiT da margali-

tebiT, beWedi msxvili, momrgvalebuli margalitiT, sami oq-

ros beWedi, vercxlis dawnuli kolofi, oqros sartyeli,

oqroTi gawyobili bade (сетка белковая з золотом), dolbandi da

marjnis krialosani. amJamad, RvTis SewevniT Rirs viqmeni

avago eklesia Tqveni mefuri wyalobiT, raTa masSi RmerTs

SevTxovoT Tqveni dRegrZeloba. me Tqveni mefuri udidebu-

lesobis qveSevrdoms xatebisa da kedlis mxatvrobisaTvis

mWirdeba da amas gTxovT da gevedrebiT, rom Tqven keTil-

morwmune dedofalma da mTavris meuRlem maria ilias asul-

ma gamomigzavnoT furclovani oqro.

daiwera 7165 wlis 1 seqtembers~32.

verafriT ver amixsnia, ra saWiro iyo ori sxvadasxva

dros Sedgenili, erTi da igive Sinaarsis, sigelis gagzavna

moskovSi.

1 Переписка, с. 74. 2 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 461. 3 mohamed Taheri, gv. 388.

575

marTalia, imereTis mefis mier moskovSi gagzavnili am

bolo elCobis Sedegze araferi viciT, magram ueWvelia,

igic iseve dasrulda, rogorc misi winamorbedebi.

levan II dadianis sikvdiliT politikuri klimati ime-

reTis samefoSi sruliad moulodnelad aleqsandre III-is

sasargeblod Seicvala.

1657 wlis martSi levan II dadiani gardaicvala. aleq-

sandrem mxari dauWira vamey lipartians da odiSSi laS-

qriT Cavida, levan dadianis mier sxvebis ZarcviT Segrovi-

li simdidre waiRo da odiSis samTavros mniSvnelovani te-

ritoriac CamoaWra. imereTis mefis moqmedebiT ukmayofilo

odiSarebma mxari dauWires liparit dadians, levanis Zmis

iases vaJs. liparitma pirvel xanebSi warmatebas miaRwia,

magram aleqsandres daxmarebiT vameyma mTavris taxti kvlav

daikava. axalcixeSi gaqceul liparits faSa daexmara.

àxalcixis mmarTvelma mis saSvelad da dasaxmareblad

urumTa erTi razmi daniSna da samegreloSi (`dadianSi~) ga-

mogzavna. dadianis xalxidanac mravalricxovani jari da

uricxvi brbo Seikriba xsenebul pirTan (liparit ieses Zes-

Tan _e.m.) da samefos dasapyrobad wavidnen~1. liparits exma-

rebodnen qaixosro gurieli da zogierTi imereli Tavadi.

liparitis daxmareba rostom mefesac gadauwyvetia

da jaris sardloba vaxtang muxranbatonisaTvis dauvale-

bia. magram vaxtangsa da zaal aragvis erisTavs Soris

uTanxmoebam rostomis davalebis Sesrulebis saSualeba ar

misca2. 1658 wlis ivlisSi banZasTan momxdar brZolaSi li-

pariti kvlav damarcxda. lipariti da qaixosro gurieli

osmaleTSi gaiqcnen.

aleqsandre mefem vamey dadiani odiSSi ganamtkica, gu-

rielad ki demetre svimonis Ze dasva3.

aleqsandre III gardaicvala 1660 wlis 1 marts.

2 iqve, gv. 388-389. 3 qarTlis cxovreba IV, gv. 832-834.

576

III. levan II dadianis sagareo politika da diplomatia

manuCar dadianis gardacvalebis Semdeg mTavari gaxda

misi mcirewlovani Ze levan II (1611-1657)1. manuCars levani Se-

eZina kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-is asuli nestandarejanisa-

gan, romelic mSobiarobisas daiRupa. aleqsandre II-m levani

aRsazrdelad kaxeTSi waiyvana. rodesac ufliswulma da-

viTma aleqsandres taxtidan gadadgoma aiZula, 13 wlis le-

vani odiSSi mamasTan dabrunda2. manuCaris gardacvalebis

Semdeg dadiani gaxda levani. mas, rogorc mcirewlovans,

meurve dauniSnes.

pirvel xanebSi, dasavleT saqarTvelos mTavrebs erTma-

neTSi da mefesTanac kargi urTierToba hqondaT (`da iyo

mSÂidoba samTa amaT Soris: mefisa dadianisa da gurielisa Ta-

na, da mefobda ese rostom~3) da garkveul viTarebaSi, kerZod,

osmaleTTan dapirispirebis dros, erTmaneTs mxarsac uWerdnen.

1609 wels, mamia II gurielma aWara osmalebisagan gaa-

Tavisufla4. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom guriels aWaraSi

moqmedeba SeTanxmebuli hqonda manuCar dadianTan5. dadian-

gurielis osmalebis winaaRmdeg SeTanxmebul moqmedebaze

miuTiTebda pietro dela vale: dadianma da gurielma `kaza-

kebs kaci gaugzavnes da TurqeTTan saomari mizniT Tavian-

Ti teritoria da kavSiri SesTavazes~6.

1 dadiani manuCari nadirobisas zugdidSi daiRupa. 1651 wels levan

dadianis dakveTiT iloris wm. giorgis xatze gakeTebuli warweri-

dan vigebT, rom TviTonac kinaRam Tavis mamis bedi gaiziara. levani

acxadebs: `zugdidsa nadirobaSi cxeni xramsa Camivarda da wameqca.

ipriana wyalobaman RvTisaman da movrCi SewevniTa SeniTa wmindao

giorgi...~ grigolia k., iloris wm. giorgis warwera, gv. 147. 2 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 823. 3 iqve. 4 iqve. 5 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 298. 6 cincaZe i., ukrainisa da saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriidan,

gv. 37.

577

Teimuraz mefis mcdelobam dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-

mTavarTa iseTi mtkice kavSiris Sesaqmnelad, romelsac saer-

To sagareo politika eqneboda, Sida feodaluri dapirispire-

bis gamo, marcxi ganicada. maTi erTiani sagareo politikuri

kursi didxans ar gagrZelda. erTmaneTTan dapirispirebaSi

yvelam, mefem da mTavrebma, Tavisi `wvlili~ Seitanes. magram

mainc gamorCeulad didi roli levan II dadianma Seasrula.

es moxda 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, rodesac samTavros mar-

Tvas TviTon levani Seudga. dasavleT saqarTveloSi anarqiam

daisadgura. amis Semdeg mefes da mTavrebs TavTavianTi poli-

tika da diplomatia hqondaT. miuxedavad amisa, dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis saSinao da sagareo politi-

kis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefee-

bis msgavsad, SeuZlebelia, radgan TiToeul maTganSi mimdina-

re procesebi mniSvnelovan, zogjer ki, gadamwyvet gavlenas

axdenda regionis saerTo politikur klimatze.

odiSis samTavros politikaSi cvlileba da misi da-

mokidebuleba dasavleT saqarTvelos politikuri erTeule-

bis mimarT radikalured Seicvala XVII s. 20-ani wlebis da-

sawyisSi, mas Semdeg rac, rogorc Teimuraz mefe 1639 wels

moskovis xelmwifisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi aRniSnavda,

levan II dadianma biZamisi giorgi lipartiani mokla1.

GTeimuraz mefe giorgi lipartianis mkvlelobaze imi-

tom unda amaxvilebdes yuradRrebas, rom igi, manuCar dadi-

anis sikvdilis Semdeg, levanis meurved iyo da odiSis sam-

Tavros mSvidobiani sagareo politika da mezoblebTan kar-

gi urTierToba mis damsaxurebad miaCnda.

levani rogorc ki meurveobidan ganTavisuflda, maSin-

ve daiwyo yvela is boroteba rasac igi sCadioda Tavisi

qarTveli qveSevrdomebisa da mezoblebis mimarT. Cvens is-

toriografiaSi miRebuli mosazrebiT2, romelic arqanjelo

1 Переписка, с. 22-24. 2 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 301-302; rexviaSvili m.,

imereTis samefo (1462-1810), Tb., 1989, gv. 78.

578

lambertis gadmocemas efuZneba da kidev ufro myardeba Te-

imuraz mefis zemoxsenebuli weriliT, im periodSi, romel-

sac Teimuraz mefe gulisxmobs, odiSis samTavros levanis

meurve, misi biZa giorgi lipartiani ganagebda. arqanjelo

lambertis gadmocemiT: àm manuCars memkvidred darCa mci-

rewlovani levan, romelic sruli ToTxmeti wlisac ar yo-

fila. Amis gamo, xalxis Cveulebisamebr, mas amourCies xel-

mZRvaneli anu mzrunveli, romelsac masTan erTad unda ga-

nego mTavroba da keTilad waeyvana saxelmwifo saqmeebi.

aseT mzrunvelad dauniSnes mas misi biZa giorgi lipartia-

ni, kaci friad samarTliani da saxelmwifo saqmeebSi kar-

gad gamocdili. es giorgi ganagebda yvelafers friad er-

Tgulad da ise mihyavda saqmeebi, rom misi gamgeblobis

dros kolxidaSi araviTari areuloba da ajanyeba ar mom-

xdara. ymawvili levan ganviTarda yvela im varjiSobaSi,

romelic Seefereboda mTavars~1.

i. anTelava, erTgan giorgi lipartianis regentobas

uaryofs da miaCnia, rom levan dadiani srulasakovani gam-

Tavrda da mas meurve ar daWirdeboda, sxvagan ki mis regen-

tobas aRiarebs, magram ukve lui granJes cnobaze dayrdno-

biT2. i. anTelava mcire xniT, 2-3 wliT, SemosazRvravs re-

gentobis periods da miaCnia, rom igi damTavrda 1615 wels3.

imave avtorze dayrdnobiT, i. tabaRuas levan II dadianis

damoukidebeli mmarTvelobis dasawyisad 1614 weli miaCnda4.

vfiqrob, Cems mier damowmebuli orive wyaro (Teimuraz I-is

werili da arqanjelo lambertis Txzuleba) sandoa da un-

da vaRiaroT, rom odiSis samTavros saSinao da sagareo po-

litikis warmarTvaSi, 20-iani wlebis dasawyisamde, didi ro-

1 arqanjelo lamberti, samegrelos aRwera. Targmani italiuridan

a. Wyoniasi, l. asaTianis winasityvaobiT, redaqciiT da SeniSvne-

biT, Tb., 1938, gv. 15. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa, gv. 141; tabaRua i., saqar-

Tvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi. II, gv. 52. 3 anTelava i., levan II dadiani, Tb., 1990, gv. 35, 47. 4 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 52

579

li ekuTvnoda giorgi lipartians. politikuri asparezidan

misi wasvlis Semdeg ki, levan dadianma radikalurad Secva-

la samTavros politikuri marTvis stili da Sinaarsi.

levan II dadians Sors mimavali politikuri miznebi

hqonda, romelTa ganxorcielebisaTvis yvela saSualeba mi-

saRebad miaCnda.

XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze odiSis mTavarma faq-

tobrivad dakarga gavlena afxazeTis samTavroze, rac sxva-

dasxva mizezma gamoiwvia. umTavresi is iyo, rom levan II-is

mcirewlovnebam da osmaleTTan daZabulma mdgomareobam,

odiSSi mTavris xelisuflebis dasusteba gamoiwvia. Seqmni-

li viTarebiT isargebles afxazma warCinebulebma da damo-

ukidebloba moipoves1.

aRniSnuli mizezebi marTlac arsebobda, magram Ziri-

Tadi sul sxva ram iyo: XVI saukunidan sruliad Seicvala

eTnikuri viTareba afxazeTSi., rac kargad Cans ucxoelTa

cnobebSi2. maTze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom sa-

qarTvelos Crdilo-dasavleT Savi zRvispireTSi kavkasio-

nis zemo kalTebidan da SeiZleba Crdilo kavkasiidanac,

mimdinareobda mTielebis Camosaxleba. es procesi rom XVII

s. pirvel naxevarSic grZeldeboda, naTlad Cans, magram ro-

dis daiwyo, amis Tqma Znelia.

winaT afxazeTi ganviTarebuli feodaluri qveyana da

mTaSi qristianobis gavrcelebis kera iyo. amas mowmobs ber-

Znuli da qarTuli mwerloba da dRemde SemorCenili isto-

riuli Zeglebi. XV saukunidan, rogorc n. berZeniSvili Se-

niSnavda, àfxazeTi `warmarTobs~. afxazeTSi zedized gauq-

mda saepiskoposoebi, qreba qristianoba3.

jovani juliano da lukas, arqanjelo lambertis da

evlia Celebis Canawerebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, XVII

1 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 56-57. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., odiSis istoriidan, Tsu Sromebi, 310. istoria,

arqeologia, xelovne-baTmcodneoba, eTnografia, Tb., 1992, gv. 48-49. 3 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, VIII, Tb., 1975,

gv. 616

580

saukunis afxazeTis mosaxleoba eTnikuri SemadgenlobiT

gansxvavdeboda da kulturiT didad CamorCeboda dasavleT

saqarTvelos danarCen mosaxleobas. isini Zlier Sors iy-

vnen da, SeiZleba iTqvas, kavSiri ar hqondaT im kulturas-

Tan, romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos aRniSnul regionSi

iqmneboda saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. XVII saukuneSi warmar-

Ti mTielebis mier dakavebul da kulturulad walekil

Crdilo-dasavleT Savi zRvispireTSi qarTuli marTlmadi-

debluri eklesiebi kunZulebiviT SemorCa. afxazebi zRvis

sanapiro zolSi mTebidan imdenad axlad Camosuli Canan,

rom isini jer kidev Sors arian baris mosaxleobis damaxa-

siTebeli ekonimikuri urTierTobisagan da barSi kvlav

mTielTa adaT-wesebiT cxovroben.

dasavleT saqarTvelosaTvis, gansakuTrebiT odiSis

samTavrosaTvis, mTielTa mowolis SeCereba mniSvnelovan da

gadaudebel saqmed gadaiqca. erT dros (VIII s.) agebuli e. w.

kelasuris kedelic (60 km-is sigrZis simagreTa sistema) ki

aRadgines. vaxuSti batoniSvilis TqmiT: `Seavlo zRude di-

di levan dadianman, afxazTa gamousvlelobisaTÂis~1.

afxazeTis samTavro, sakvlev periodSi, rom jer kidev

odiSisa da guriis samTavroebisaviT Camoyalibebul politi-

kur erTeuls ar warmoadgenda2, amis umTavresi mizezi mTi-

elTa Zlieri migracia da arastabiluri mdgomareoba iyo.

XVII s. 10-iani wlebSi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi, poli-

tikuri moszrebiT, moxda ramdenime saqorwino garigeba, ro-

melTa Sedegebma kargaxniT gansazRvra samefo-samTavroebs

Soris Semdgomi urTierTobis Sinaarsi.

axalgazrda levan dadianma afxazeTTan urTierTobis

daregulirebisa Tu iq gavlenis mopovebis mizniT, 1614-1615

wels SeirTo mTavar seteman SarvaSiZis asuli. imereTSi Se-

xiznuli Teimuraz I-is zemoqmedebiT, 1618 wels, imereTis uf-

liswulma aleqsandrem SeirTo gurielis qali Tamari. Teimu-

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 782. 2 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv 57.

581

razi am qorwinebebiT gegmavda dasavleT saqarTveloSi antii-

ranuli koaliciis Seqmnas. magram am qorwinebebis Sedegad

imereTis samefoSi mSvidobam da siyvarulma ki ar daisadgura,

aramed saTave daudo urTierT mtrobasa da anarqias.

dadianma isargebla imereTis mefis vaJis aleqsandresa

da mis col Tamars Soris momxdari ganxeTqilebiT. aleq-

sandrem Tavis cols brali dasdo quTaiseli vaWris siyva-

rulSi da SviliT bagratiT guriels gaugzavna. amgvarad

dairRva Teimurazis iniciativiT Sekowiwebuli imereTis me-

fisa da gurielis kavSiri.

levan dadianma mefesa da guriels Soris Camovardni-

li mtroba TavisTvis xelsayrelad CaTvala da ukanaskne-

lis Tavis mokavSired gaxdomis mizniT, mis memkvidre svi-

mons Tavisi da mariami miaTxova 1621 wels. dadianisa da gu-

rielis kavSiri, mimarTuli iyo, upirveles yovlisa, imere-

Tis mefe giorgis winaaRmdeg. mefesa da dadians Soris

brZola moxda 1622 wels quTaisis maxloblad goWourasTan.

gaimarjva mTavarma ris Sedegad levan dadianis avtoriteti

didad gaizarda1.

levan dadians SarvaSiZis qalTan ori vaJi eyola. Tum-

ca es qorwineba mainc mtkice ar aRmoCnda. dadians Tavisi

moxuci biZisa da yofili meurvis giorgi lipartianis axal-

gazrda coli Seuyvarda. amis Semdeg man Tavis cols brali

dasdo mourav papunasTan sasiyvarulo urTierTobaSi, cxvi-

ri mokveTa, jariT SeiWra afxazeTSi, aiklo da Sercxenili

meuRle iqve datova, misgan nayoli Svilebic daaxocina2.

1 iqve, gv. 58-59. 2 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 16, 21. kastelis gadmocemiT, `Tavdapir-

velad mas surda xmliT aekuwa, muceli gamoefatra Tavisi mruSi

colisaTvis; magram Semdeg sxvagvarad moiqca; qals cxviri, ena da

yurebi moaWra da damaxinjebuli gaugzavna mamamiss, ris gamoc

mwuxarebiT aavso afxazTa mTavari da Tavis Tavi xelSeuxeblad

warmoidgina~. don qristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi sa-

qarTvelos Sesaxeb. teqsti gaSifra, Trgmna, gamokvleva da komen-

tarebi daurTo b. giorgaZem, Tb., 1976, gv. 43.

582

mcire xnis Semdeg levan dadians guriis samTavros sa-

Sino saqmeebSi Carevis saSualeba mieca. 1625 wels levanis

dis, mariamis qmarma svimonma Tavisi mama, mamia gurieli

mokla da TviTon gaxda mTavari. man Tavidanve odiSis sam-

Tavros sawinaaRmdego politikis gatareba daiwyo.

levan dadianis winaaRmdeg sakmaod Zlieri koalicia

Camoyalibda seteman SarvaSiZis, svimon gurielis, mefe gi-

orgi III-is da zogierTi megreli didebulis monawileobiT,

romlebmac odiSis mTavris mokvla da misi naxevari Zmis ie-

ses gamTavreba ganizraxes. SeTqmuleba warumateblad dam-

Tavrda, levan dadiani migzavnili afxazis maxvils gadaur-

Ca. amis Semdeg daiwyo SeTqmulebze SurisZieba. levanma

lanCxuTTan brZolaSi svimon gurieli daamarcxa, Seipyro,

Tvalebi dasTxara da berad aRkveca1, xolo meuRle mariami

da Svili otia odiSSi waiyvana. guriis mTavari gaxda pa-

triarqi malaqia (1625-1639). guriis samTavro levan dadians

daemorCila da mas dadian-gurieladac moixseniebdnen.

guriis damorCilebis Semdeg, levan dadianma afxazeTs

Seutia da imdens miaRwia, rom afxazi didebulebis odiSis

samflobeloebze Tavdasxmebi droebiT aRkveTa da simbolu-

ri xarkis gadaxdac daakisra.

rac Seexeba imereTis samefos, igi levan dadianis mud-

mivi Tavdasxmis obieqtad gadaiqca. don qristoforo de

kastelim dagvitova saintereso cnobebi levan dadianis mi-

er imereTis samefoSi SeWrisa da misi jaris moqmedebis Se-

saxeb. quTaisTan odiSis jarma daamarcxa giorgi mefis jari

da mefe tyved Cavarda. quTaisis moqalaqeTa warmomadgenlebi

dadianTan mividnen. sainteresoa, rom dadianTan pirveli

qristoforo de kasteli mivida da giorgi mefesTan samSvi-

dobo xelSekrulebis dadeba sTxova. dadiani zavze daTan-

1 svimoni ierusalimSi wavida da berad Sedga, icocxla Rrmad mo-

xucebulobamde da TiTqmis naxevari saukunis Semdegac, 1672 wels,

kidev hqonda miwer-mowera Tavis nacolar, mariamTan. brose m., sa-

qarTvelos istoria, II, 1900, gv. 188.

583

xmda, im pirobiT, rom giorgi mis moTxovnebs daakmayofi-

lebda. xelSekrulebaze orivem xeli moaweres. `mefe dadi-

ans aRuTqvamda, rom gamovidoda mis dasaxmareblad mTeli

Tavisi jariT~1.

`daimorCila Tu ara afxazeTi da guria, dadianma ime-

reTis daWerac moisurva, romlis mflobeli Zvelad misi me-

fe iyo. am ganzraxviT dadians ganuwyveteli omi hqonda ime-

reTTan. Tumca aqamdin Tavisi wadili ver Seisrula, radgan

imereTis mefe gamagrda quTaisis cixeSi da mis simagres da-

dianma ver sZlia, magram mainc ise daasusta imereTis same-

fo, rom samegrelos bevrad Camouvardeboda Zal-RoniT~2.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili politikuri situa-

cia xels uxsnida osmaleTis xelisuflebas Careuliyo ara

mxolod mis saSinao saqmeebSi, aramed, garkveulwilad, mo-

exdina misi teritoriebis okupacia.

dasavleT saqarTvelos viTarebas, mis daqucmacebas da

osmaleTis dainteresebaze iq arsebuli mdgomareobis Senar-

CunebiT, Jan batista tavernie gadmogvcems Semdegs: sulTani

Zlier kmayofilia am qveynis danawilebis gamo, radgan roca,

igi erT saxelmwifos warmoadgenda, mas SeiaraRebuli ZaliT

misi damorCileba ar SeeZlo. maSin imereTis mefes SeeZlo

mokle droSi gamoeyvana saomrad gamzadebuli TiTqmis or-

mocdaaTi aTasi kaci. magram mas Semdeg rac imereTis mefes

ganudga odiSis mTavari dadiani, es ukanaskneli SeuTanxmda

did sulTans da valdebuleba ikisra misTvis miewodebina

rkinis garkveuli raodenoba im pirobiT, rom imereTTan omis

SemTxvevaSi didi seniori mas trapizonis, erzerumisa da

yarsis safaSoebidan 20 aTasamde cxenosans miaSvelebda3.

imave avtoris mixedviT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom osmale-

bi dasavleT saqarTvelos mbrZaneblebs Soris yvelaze did

1 don qristoforo di kasteli, gv. 50-51. 2 iqve, gv. 22. 3 tavernie Jan batist, didi senioris samefo karis axali aRwera,

frangulidan Targmna da gamosca k. gurulma, Tb., 1974, gv. 235.

584

mokrZalebas levan II dadianis mimarT iCendnen, rac kargad

mJRavndeboda dadianis elCis osmaleTis did vazirTan vi-

zitis dros. `yovelTvis, rodesac igi didvazirTan vizitad

midioda, Tavze TeTr quds ixuravda, riTac yvela qristia-

nis gancvifrebas iwvevda, radgan igive rom sxva romelime

qristians Caedina, mas sikvdili an gamahmadianeba ar ascde-

boda. es faqti gviCvenebs, rogor ufrTxildeboda didi se-

niori (sulTani _e.m.) samegrelos mefesTan megobrobas da

rogor cdilobs araferi awyeninos mis warmomadgenels. man

kargad icis, rom megrelebi aravis arafers uTmoben, sul

ubralo sababiT xmalze xels ikraven da vinc awyeninebs, is

verafers moigebs~.

osmaleTis `lmobieri~ politika dasavleT saqarTve-

loSi, pirvel rigSi, TviT osmaleTis, sisusteSi mdgomare-

obda. amave dros osmaleTis xelisuflebisaTvis cnobili

iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis diplomati-

ur kontaqtebi ruseTTan da isic, rom ukmayofilo qarTve-

lebs SeeZloT kazakebi osmaleTis winaaRmdeg waeqezebinaT

da mxarSic dasdgomodnen. yovelives gaTvaliswinebiT, osma-

leTis interesebSi ar Sedioda mocemul etapze qarTul sa-

mefo-samTavroebTan urTierTobis garTuleba.

SeiZleba gavixsenoT Cveni istoriografiisaTvis nak-

lebad cnobili iseTi magaliTi, romliTac naTeli gaxdeba

dasavleT saqarTvelos osmaleTTan urTierTobis done da

Taviseburebani: iranTan omis dawyebamde karga xniT adre,

1567 wels, sulTani molaparakebas awarmoebda odiSis mTa-

varTan, raTa mas omis dros, qarTlSi SesaWrelad Tavis

samflobeloebze osmalTa jari gaetarebina. magram uari

miiRo1. omis dawyebis Semdeg, rodesac naTeli Seiqmna amier-

kavkasiaSi samxedro operaciebis warmoebis sirTule, sul-

Tanma angariSi aRar gauwia odiSis mTavris azrs, foTi da-

ipyro da md. rionis zRvasTan SesarTavTan kunZulze cixe


tia, I, gv. 183.

585

aaSena1. osmalebis mier am cixis mSeneblobaze, espaneTis me-

fis informatorebma saintereso cnobebi dagvitoves.

espaneTis, iseve, rogorc evropis sxva saxelmwifoebis

mTavrobis interesi saqarTvelos mimarT, gansakuTrebiT

gaZlierda iran-osmaleTis meore omis dros (1578-1590). 1579

wlis gazafxulidan sxvadasxva informatorebi espaneTis

samefo karze sistematurad agzavnidnen cnobebs omis

msvlelobis Sesaxeb. maTSi sakmaod moipoveboda cnobebi sa-

qarTvelozec.

1579 wlis 9 da 24 aprils xuan de idiakesi konstanti-

nopolidan espaneTSi agzavnis sxvadasxva Sinaarsis cno-

bebs, magram adresatis vinaoba ar Cans. am cnobebidan Cven-

Tvis sayuradReboa Semdegi: 9 aprilis werilSi zogadad

naTqvamia, rom Turqebis winaaRmdeg gaerTiandnen qarTvele-

bi da sparselebi. magram ufro mniSvnelovani iyo is, rom

Turqebma Savi zRvis sanapiroze erTi adgilis gamagreba

daiwyes. es èrTi adgili~2 unda iyos md. rionis Sav zRvas-

Tan SesarTavSi, sadac osmalebma, rogorc iTqva, foTis ci-

xis mSenebloba ganizraxes.

1579 wlis 8 ivlisis werilSi saintereso cnobebia

Turqebis mier warmoebul imave mSeneblobaze. aqve mokled,

magram gasagebad aris naTqvami qarTvelebis damokidebule-

baze am RonisZiebis mimarT: `gagzavnilia 55 galeri, ufro

metad sabargo, vidre samxedro ZalebisaTvis saWiro, rom-

lebzedac gagzavnes adamianebi da saTadarigo nawilebi,

romlebic aucilebeli iyo ori cixesimagris asagebad yar-

ssa da fazoSi. magram, vfiqrob, rom amis gakeTebis ufle-

bas ar miscemen, ramdenadac es mSenebloba aris sparseleb-

sa da qarTvelebs Soris kavSiris sawinaaRmdego~3. osmale-

Tis xelisuflebas foTis cixis agebiT undoda placdarmi

Seeqmna, raTa sazRvao gziT samxreT kavkasiaSi ara mxolod

1 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 172. 2 Ldokumentebi, gv. 309, dok. #4. 3 iqve, gv. 311-312, #6,

586

Tavisi, aramed yirimeli TaTrebis jaric swrafad da nakle-

bi danakargebiT gadaeyvana. osmalebma es gegma srulad ver

ganaxorcieles. maT cixe ki aaSenes, magram jaris gatareba

dasavleTidan aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT ver SeZles ad-

gilobrivi mosaxleobis winaaRmdegobis gamo1.

espaneli damkvirveblebis yuradReba kvlav mipyrobili

iyo gansakuTrebuli strategiuli mniSvnelobis mqone fo-

Tis cixis mSeneblobisaken. maTi azriT, osmalebi foTis

cixis agebis Semdeg gaakontrolebdnen mTel dasavleT kav-

kasias. `rogorc ki es cixe agebuli iqneba, iq SeiZleba das-

van batonad Turqi, ugasiis2, samegrelosa da aseve Cerqeze-

Tis sawinaaRmdegod~. magram cixis mSenebloba ferxdeboda

samegrelos mTavris baCias3 winaaRmdegobis gamo4.

cixis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT, kristobal de sa-

lasari 1579 wlis 3 seqtembers veneciidan filipe II-s kvlav

acnobebda: `luCialim5 ver SeZlo aego daniSnuli cixesi-

magre md. fazisze, samegreloSi, qarTvelebis sazRvarze

imis gamo, rom ver moaxerxa zRvidan xmeleTze gadaetvirTa

masala da mieRo daxmareba konstantinopolidan, rac musta-

fam iTxova... 3 dRis win movida luCialis mier gamogzvnili

patara galera, raTa ecnobebina imis Sesaxeb, rac gaakeTa

da rac moxda, e. i. rom man ver SeZlo aego cixesimagre iq,

sadac mas nabrZanebi hqonda da rom man daiwyo misi ageba 30

miliT qvemoT, zRvis axlos damTavrebulia miwisa da xis

naxevari samuSaoebi. ara aqvs kiri, xolo cota rac Caitana,

gauTavda da rom igi elodeba pasuxs: ra qnas?~6 cnobili

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., dasax. naSr., gv. 191-192. 2 ugasia aris avogasia, anogazia, avobaqsia da niSnavs jiqeTs. ma-

misTvaliSvili, saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, I,

gv. 447-451. 3 es unda iyos giorgi IV Ddadianis (1546-1573, 1574-1582) damaxinje-

buli saxeli. 4 dokumentebi, #8, gv. 318. 5 cnobili mezRvauri euldi ali. iqve, gv. 104. 6 iqve, dok. #10, gv. 321-322.

587

ar aris ra upasuxes mas, mgram imave kristobal de salasa-

ris mier veneciidan espaneTis mefisaTvis gagzavnili weri-

liT (1579 wlis 15 oqtomberi), vigebT, rom `luCiali ar

dabrunda konstantinopolSi, eWvoben, rom es moxda misi

zogierTi warumateblobis gamo~1.

qarTvelebs mSvenivrad esmodaT osmalebis mizani da

yovelnairad uSlidnen xels gegmis ganxorcielebaSi. àmis

mizezi is iyo _ ambobs lamberti _ rom im xanebSi Turqebis

sulTani amurati omobda iranelebTan. man aiRo Tbilisi da

apirebda mTeli iranis dapyrobas. am saqmis Sesasruleblad

mas undoda saqarTvelos gza gaexsna TavisTvis da daeWira

am gzis gasaRebi _ qalaqi quTaisi, raTa jer zRviT da mere

fazisiT Cqara da naklebi zaraliT gaegzavna Tavisi jarebi

iranisaken~. osmalebi TavianTi galerebiT ahyvnen md. rions

da quTaisisken wavidnen. magram qalaqis maxloblad, mdina-

ris Seviwrovebis adgilas TofebiT SeiaraRebulma qarTve-

lebma iseTi cecxli gauxsnes momxvdurT, rom isini iZule-

buli gaxdnen ukan gabrunebuliyvnen da amis Semdeg foTSi

is cixe aaSenes romelzec lamberti aRniSnavda. foTis cixe

SemdegSi odiSis mTavar levan II dadians daungrevia da iqi-

dan 25 zarbazani wauRia.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresod meCveneba lambertis naT-

qvami levan dadianis mier am cixis dangrevis Sesaxeb, rome-

lic garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis Sesabamisi periodis

osmaleTis saxelmwifoSi mmarTvelobis sistemis moSlaze:

`sulTanma es ambavi (foTis cixis dangreva _e.m.) ar icis.

mizezi amisa TurqeTis moxeleTa angarebaa. igini ar atyobi-

neben cixis dangrevis ambavs sulTans da iReben jamagirs

uwindebulad, TiTqos cixe arsebobdes~2.

yovelive is rac zemoT iTqva odiSis samTavrosa da

osmaleTis saxelmwifos urTierTobaze, naTels xdis, rom

dadiani, raTa Tavidan aecilebina uazro garTulebebi, for-

1 iqve, dok.. #11, gv. 323. 2 arqanjelo lamberti, gv, 172.

588

malurad mainc aRiarebda sulTnis siuzerenobas. arqanjelo

lambertis mixedviT, imisaTvis, raTa Zlieri mezoblis agre-

sia Tavidan aecilebina, dadiani sulTanTan damegobrebas

cdilobda ise, rom misi reputacia ar dazaralebuliyo. ami-

saTvis igi yovel weliwads sulTnis vazirebs `feSqaSebs~,

xolo sulTans ki yovel or weliwadSi `xarjs~ ugzavnida.

àmnairad dadiani Tavis nebiT gaxda TurqeTis moxarke. xo-

lo mTavris Rirsebas ise SeubRalavad icavs, rom arasodes

araviTars brZanebas TurqeTidan mosuls ar asrulebs~1.

lambertis mixedviT, levan II dadiani osmaleTTan ur-

TierTobaSi icavda im tradiciul normebs, romlebic jer

kidev misi winaprebis dros Camoyalibda. naTqvamis sailus-

traciod misioners mohyavs Semdegi: 1635 wels sulTan mu-

rad IV-m aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi laSqrobisas, erevnis

alyis dros, daxmareba sTxova levan dadians, magram uaryo-

fiTi pasuxi miiRo2.

rogorc Cans, levan dadiani arc im valdebulebas as-

rulebda, romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTvro-

ebs osmaleTis mier aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi samxedro

operaciebis warmoebis dros daxmarebas akisrebda da amis

Sesaxeb garkveviT iyo naTqvami, dasaxelebuli sulTnis mi-

er, giorgi saakaZisaTvis 1626 wels micemul sigelSi3.

`meore politikuri xerxi~, romelsac dadiani osmale-

bis moxeleebisa da elCebis mimarT iyenebda, iyo maTTvis

odiSis samTavros rac SeiZleboda Ratak da gausaZlis

qveynad Cveneba. `yvela am RonisZiebas xmarobda dadiani imi-

saTvis, rom konstantinopolSi cudi azri hqonodaT am qvey-

nis Sesaxeb da xonTqars azradac ar mosvloda arc xarkis

momateba da arc qveynis srulad dapyroba~4.

osmaleTis gavlenis sisuste dasavleT saqarTveloSi

1 iqve, gv. 24. 2 iqve. 3 jiqia s., dasax. naSr., gv. 236-240. 4 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 25-26.

589

reliefurad gamoCnda maSinac, rodesac levan II dadiani

iranis qveSevrdom rostom mefes daunaTesavda da odiSis

samTavro iranis mokavSired gamoacxada. sulTanma amis gamo

imdenad uaryofiTi reaqcia ar gamoamJRavna, rogoric am-

gvar viTarebaSi misgan mosalodneli iyo. erTi SexedviT

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom dadianis mier politikuri ori-

entaciis Secvlaze (rostomisa da mariamis daqorwineba, da-

dianis urTierToba SahTan, misi kavSiri kazakebTan) sul-

Tnis reaqcia iyo 1634 wlis maisSi osmaleTis sazRvao de-

santis mier kodoris midamoebisa da drandis monastris

sastikad akleba. TiTqos es unda yofiliyo dadianisaTvis

seriozuli gafrTxileba1.

Turqi istorikosebi _ qaTib Celebi da mustafa naima

gadmogvcemen, rom `Cildiris (axalcixis) begis safaris cno-

biT, irani, dadiani da gurieli gaerTiandnen da 30 000-mde

urwmuno saqarTvelos mosaxleoba. dadasturda, rom dadia-

nis da gurielis meSveobiT Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebare

goniosa da trapizons safrTxe elodebao. amitom aucilebe-

lia xmeleTidan jarisa da samefo flotis gamogzavna, im

mxares dacva da dadianisa da gurielis vilaieTebis darbe-

vao~2. Tu safar-faSas informacia seriozulad aRiqves stam-

bolSi da daswrebiTi RonisZieba gaatares, maSin ibadeba

kiTxva, ra SuaSi iyo osmalebis mier kodoris midamoebis ak-

leba3? xifaTi xom goniosa da trapizons emuqreboda.

movlenebis Semdgomi ganviTareba da levan dadianis

moqmedeba ar adasturebs imas, TiTqos man morCileba gamo-

1 ix. anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 90-91. 2 Aalasania g., qaTib Celebis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis

Sesaxeb. Turqulidan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi

daurTo g. alasaniam, Tb. 1978, gv. 236; mustafa naima, gv. 190-191. 3 gvritiSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriidan, II, gv. 425;

rexviaSvili m., imereTis samefo, gv. 95; svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osma-

leTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 237.

590

ucxada osmaleTs1. ufro swori iqneba imis daSveba, rom es

samxedro eqspedicia iyo pasuxi levan dadianis mier imave

wels afxazeTis dalaSqvrisa, misi afxazeTSi winsvlis Se-

Cerebisa. vfiqrob, osmalebma amitom daarbies afxazeTis mo-

sazRvre odiSis teritoria. osmalebs, rom samTavros wina-

aRmdeg seriozuli samxedro RonisZiebebis gatareba sdome-

bodaT, maSin odiSis samTavros sxva mxridan Seutevdnen.

miniSnebebiT dadianisaTvis Wkuis swavlebis mcdeloba,

osmaleTis saxelmwifos avtoritets kidev ufro laxavda

im didi politikuri mniSvnelobis problemis gadawyvetisas,

romelic XVII s. 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi osmaleTs amier-

kavkasiaSi, kerZod, saqarTvelsTan mimarTebaSi Seeqmna.

rogorc iTqva, dasaSvebia, osmaleTis mier ganxorcie-

lebuli samxedro eqspedicia md. kodoris dablobze, miz-

nad isaxavda dadianis afxazeTze warmatebuli Tavdasxmebis

SeCerebas. iloris wm. giorgis xatze warwera mogviTxrobs

levan dadianis mier 1627 wels afxazeTis dalaSqvras: `...

miuxdiT SarvaSiZesa zufus, muwus wyalsa aqaT movaoxreT.

_ kidev meored miuxdiT zufus, kapoetis wyals aqaT sru-

lobiT davswviT da avaoxreT da sadaca simagre iyo aviReT

da gavacudeT. kapoetis wyalze Semogvebnen zufuari da si-

xuari arSaniebi da gagvemarjva, davxoceT, zogi ÃelT dag-

vrCa...~2. levan dadianisa da misi meuRle nestan-darejanis

mier Semdgom, 1628 wels biWvinTis taZrisadmi ymebisa da ma-

mulebis Sewirva3 imaze unda miuTiTebdes, rom man serio-

zul samxedro warmatebas miaRwia da Tavisi xelisufleba

droebiT gaavrcela TiTqmis mTel zRvispira afxazeTze.

rogorc Cans, levan dadiani sistematur konfrontaciaSi

iyo afxazebTan da warmatebebsac aRwevda. dadianis amgvari

1 gvritiSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriidan, II, gv. 425;

svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osmaleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 237. 2 qronikebi, II, gv. 447. 3 iqve, gv, 451-452.

591

moqmedeba ewinaaRmdegeboda osmaleTis interesebs am regi-

onSi, sadac Tavisi gavlenis gavrcelebas cdilobda.

osmaleTis mier ganxorcielebuli samxedro-sazRvao

eqspedicia odiSis samTavros afxazeTSi winsvlis SeCerebas

isaxavda miznaT. osmaleTis xelisufleba kodoris midamoe-

bis aklebiT levan dadians mianiSnebda, rom igi Tavisi sam-

Tavros sazRvrebSi dateuliyo. imave dros afxaz feoda-

lebs unda egrZnoT, rom osmaleTis mfarvelobaSi SesvliT

maT damcveli SeiZines da Tanac isini odiSis samTavroze

Tavdasxmebisaken waaqeza,

sulTan muradi odiSis mTavris osmaleTis morCilebi-

dan gasvlas rom ar imCnevda da kodoris eqspediciis Semde-

gac cdilobda mTavrisaTvis Seexsenebina misi valdebulebe-

bi siuzerenis winaSe, gamoCnda 1635 wels, rodesac osmale-

Tis jari aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi SeiWra da erevans mi-

adga. murad IV-m, romelic jars TviTon sardlobda, `Semo-

uTvala dadians, Sen Cemi moxarke xar da radganac erevani

Seni samefos maxloblad aris, rigia moxvide da damexma-

roo. amaze dadianma upasuxa, arasodes arc me da arc Cems

winaprebs valad ar gvedo Tqveni da Tqvenis winaprebis om-

Si samsaxurio da amitomac arc axla giaxlebiTo. amasTana-

ve gaixseneT, rom xarks imitom ki ar gaZlevT, rom pirda-

pir Tqveni batonoba mecnoso, aramed imitom, rom Tqven Cems

sazRvarSi jariT ar SemoxvideTo. da Tu amas izamT, me

myisve mogispobT xarks da advilad SeviZleb Cemis jariT

davicva samTavroo~1. Tu lambეrtis es cnoba simarTles Se-

efereba, maSin gamodis, rom naimas gadmocema imis Sesaxeb,

rom erevanTan sulTans `mierTva guriis qveynebis saCuqrebi

da xaraja~2, isini mxolod guriis mTavris mier gagzavnili

unda yofiliyo. magram sayuradReboa isic, rom gurielis

1 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 24. 2 CoCievi v., iran-osmaleTis 1639 wlis zavi da saqarTvelo. wignSi:

narkvevebi maxlobeli aRmosavleTis istoriidan (feodaluri xa-

na), Tb., 1957, gv. 365

592

laSqari ar monawileobda osmaleTis aRmosavleT amierkav-

kasiiaSi laSqrobaSi.

Znelia imis Tqma, ramdenad sworad iyo informirebu-

li arqanjelo lamberti dadianisa da sulTnis mimoweris

Sesaxeb da ramdenad sworad gadmogvcems imas rasac gad-

mogvcems, magram mainc sainteresoa, misi naTqvami sulTnis

moqmedebaze odiSis mTavris SemonaTvalis gagebis Semdeg.

Turme, sulTanma dadians araferi upasuxa. igi darwmunebu-

li iyo mis samarTlianobaSi, romlis simtkices uzrunvel-

yofda is, rom samTavroSi jariT Sesvla urCi mTavris da-

sajelad, bunebrivi pirobebis da mkvidri mosaxleobis wina-

aRmdegobis gamo, marcxisTvis ganwiruli iyo1.

osmaleTis mTavrobam isic kargad icoda, rogori ur-

TierToba damyarda odiSis samTavrosa da irans Soris le-

van dadianis dis, mariamis, rostom qarTlis mefeze daqor-

winebis Sedegad. ar SeiZleba sulTans ar scodnoda, aRniS-

nuli qorwinebis Semdeg, 1634 wels, odiSSi Sahis elCis Ca-

mosvla, romelmac levan dadians Sah sefis mier gamogzavni-

li spilo miarTva2. bunebrivia, osmaleTTan omis ganaxle-

bis molodinSi myofi Sah sefi, spilosTan erTad sxva bevr

ramesac gamougzavnida Zlier mTavars. i. anTelava, Cemi az-

riT, sruliad sworad varaudobs, rom iranis elCsa da da-

dians Soris molaparakeba umTavresad, kars momdgar oms

Seexeboda. omis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi odiSis mTavars ar un-

da daeSva Teimurazisa da imereTis mefe giorgis qarTlis

samefoSi SeWra. mis winaSe dasmuli am amocanis nawili un-

da yofiliyo iran-osmaleTis omis dawyebidan ori Tvis Sem-

deg levan dadianis Tavdasxma imereTze3.

don qristoforo de kastelma saintereso cnoba Se-

mogvinaxa dadianis politikaze iranis mimarT: àmasTan (da-

dians _e.m.) moxerxebulad aqvs kavSiri gabmuli da morCi-

1 iqve, gv. 24-25. 2 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 91. 3 iqve, gv. 92.

593

lebs iranis xelmwifes, romelTanac sammagi mzis brunvis

ganmavlobaSi unda gagzavnos xolme erTi didbatonTagani

Tavisi samefos _ kolxeTis despanTan erTad, Zalian Zvir-

fasi da didebuli saCuqrebiT. garda amisa, unda gaugzavnos

gawvrTnili monadire ZaRlebi, didroni qorebi, spiloebi

(?) da sxva uamravi Zvirfaseuloba~1.

levan dadianis mier sulTnis interesisa da moTxov-

nis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebis demonstrirebis kidev erTi

faqti iyo samcxis aTabagis asulis, silamaziT saxelgan-

Tqmuli elenes gagzavna iranSi.

elene guriaSi moRvawe kaTolike patrebs, gansakuTre-

biT ki qristofore kastels dauaxlovda da amis gamo mox-

vda misi Tavgadasavlis zogierTi epizodi misionerebis mi-

er romSi gagzavnil moxsenebebSi2.

gabriel gegenava _ levan II-is elCi moskovSi

levan dadiani zemoaRniSnul politikuri mniSvnelo-

bis nabijebs rodesac dgamda da osmaleTis sulTnis mi-

marT gamomwvevad iqceoda, osmaleTis garTulebul saerTa-

Soriso mdgomareobas iTvaliswinebda. magram es xdeboda

garkveul dromde.

1635 wels daiwyo iran-osmaleTis omi. maSinve gamoCnda

iranis samxedro sisuste da dakvirvebul politikoss ar

gauZneldeboda imis ganWvreta, rom momavalSi irani, dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi osmaleTis Semakavebeli Zala veRar iq-

neboda. bunebrivia qarTlis mefe rostomic veRar SesZleb-

da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi odiSis mTavrisaTvis qmediTi

daxmareba gaewia. ase, rom odiSis samTavro marto rCeboda

arakeTilganwyobili mezoblebis winaSe.

1 don qristoforo de kasteli, gv. 55. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., elene aTabagi da don qristoforo de kaste-

li. `Cveni universiteti~, ssip goris saswavlo universitetis yo-

velTviuri Jurnali, #1, ianvari, 2011, gv. 37-41.

594

Seqmnil viTarebaSi levan dadianma yvelaze sworad

CaTvala dakavSireboda moskovs. amgvari moqmedebisaken mas

ubiZgebda kaxeTis mefe Teimurazis mier, cota xnis winaT

(1635 w.), imave moskovSi, Tavisi elCis mitropolit nikifore

berZenis gagzavna. Teimurazis werilSi dadiani naxsenebi

iyo mxolod imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom roca qarTlis mefi-

sa da dauT-xan undilaZis dasasjelad Sahma jari gamogzav-

na, Teimurazi maT dasaxvedrad emzadeboda, magram erTi

mxridan dadiani da meoredan ki misi dis sparseli qmari

(Teimuraz mefe rostoms gulisxmobda) TavianTi jarebiT

wamovidnen. maT qarTl-kaxeTis mefe aiZules imereTis same-

foSi gadasuliyo1.

imis gamo, rom dadiani da misi modgma aramefuri war-

moSobisa iyo, rogorc Teimuraz mefis elCi nikifore mos-

kovSi wardgenil TxovnaSi werda. amitom iyo, rom misi da

Sahma ki ar SeirTo, aramed xosro mirzam. man xelmwifis yu-

radReba imasac miapyro, rom arasworia yizilbaSebis mier

gavrcelebuli xmebi, TiTqos dadiani erevnisaTvis brZola-

Si monawileobda. igi erevnamde ver mividoda, radgan mas

iqamde misasvleli gza ar gaaCnia. misi samflobeloebi yo-

veli mxridan Caketilia. dadianma, rom Tavisi samTavro da-

tovos da erevanSi wavides, mis samflobeloebs maSinve

Turqebi daikaveben. dadianis yvela mezobeli misi mteria2.

vidre dadianma moskovis karTan kavSiris damyarebisaT-

vis elCi ar gagzavna, manamde Teimurazi da misi elCi Tavi-

anT werilebSi, rogorc araerTxel aRiniSna, dadians mxo-

lod gakvriT axsenebdnen. rodesac gegenavas elCoba moskov-

Si ukve faqti iyo, Teimurazi yovelnairad cdilobda odi-

Sis samTavrosa da ruseTis daaxloebisaTvis xeli SeeSala.

amgvarad, levan dadianma 1636 wels Tavisi elCi gabri-

el gegenava gagzavna moskovSi, romelic imave wlis ivlis-

Si ukve yabardoSi imyofeboda.

1 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 116. 2 Там же, с. 134.

595

gabriel gegenavas pirovnebaze mcire ram aris cnobi-

li. rusuli wyaroebis mixedviT, gabriels, saelCo prikazSi

gamokiTxvisas uTqvams, rom ìs gavrilo xucesia, swiravda

mefe leontis eklesiaSi, sadac igi [dadiani] dadis; imave

dros galobs karis eklesiaSi~; àseTi sigeli gamougzavna

dadianis mefe leontim Tavisi elCis, karis xucesis gabrie-

lis xeliT 12 dekembers~; àxla ki man mis mefur udidebu-

lesobasTan gamogzavna Tavisi karis xucesi saxelad gavri-

la~1. igive amonaridi a. tuRuSs gagebuli aqvs Semdegnai-

rad: ìs gabrieli mRvdelia, im eklesiaSi wiravs, sadac me-

fe levani dadis; is agreTve (ierusalimis _e. m.) jvris ta-

ZarSi galobs~; àxla ki man mis mefur udidebulesobasTan

gamogzavna Tavisi jvarismama saxelad gavrila~. rusuli

wyaros amgvari gageba a. tuRuSs imis saSualebas aZlevda,

rom gabriel gegenava, moskovSi gamgzavrebamde ierusalimis

jvris monastris winamZRvrad gamoecxadebina2, rac, rusuli

wyaros mixedviT, simarTles ar Seefereba.

rusuli wyaros arasworma interpretaciam dasaxelebu-

li mkvlevari im daskvnamde miiyvana, TiTqos gabriel gegena-

va 1632 wlidan, nikifore irbaxis rekomendaciiTa da levan II

dadianis surviliT ierusalims jvarismamad dainiSna3.

rogorc Tavis adgilas iTqva, nikifore irbaxi didi

xnis ganmavlobaSi (XVII s. 20-40-iani wlebi) ierusalimis

qarTuli jvris monastris iRumeni (jvarismama) iyo. is am

rangSi gaemgzavra dasavleT evropaSi da iqidan dabrunebis

Semdegac SeinarCuna es saeklesio Tanamdeboba. araviTari

1 «Да и он-де Гаврило поп же, а служил у царя Леонта у его церкви, где он приходит; да он же-де поет и в хоромех у крестов»; «Такову грамоту прислал дадянской Леонтей царь послом своим с крестовым попом з Гаврилом декабря в 12 де»; «А ныне-де он послал к его великому царствию крестового своего попа имянем Гаврила». Там же, с. 149, 151, 152. moniS-vna Cemia. 2 tuRuSi a., gabriel gegenava _ ucnobi jvarismama, gv. 33. 3 iqve, gv. 34-35.

596

cnoba ar gagvaCnia imis saTqmelad, rom 1632 wels nikifo-

rem jvrismamad gagzavna gabriel gegenava, romelic iq imyo-

feboda nikifores jvris monasterSi dabrunebamde, e. i. 1643

wlamde. marTalia nikifore didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ierusa-

limSi ar imyofeboda (1625-1643 ww.), magram igi jvrismamobas

inarCunebda 1649 wlamde. am wodebis SenarCunebaSi xels ar

uSlida is garemoeba, rom igi ierusalimSi ar imyofeboda.

mxolod ierusalimidan nikifores dabrunebis Semdeg (1649

w.), gabriel gegenava jvrismamad unda gaegzavnaT. XVI sau-

kuneSi jvrismamebis mier ierusalimis monastrebis saqar-

Tvelodan marTva TiTqmis Cveulebriv movlenad gadaiqca.

SeiZleba esec iyo qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis mdgomareo-

bis gauaresebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizezi.

gabriel gegenavas Sesaxeb, vfiqrob, sarwmuno, magram

arasaxarbielo oriode cnoba dagvitova ierusalimis patri-

arqma dosiTeosma, romelic gegenavas Tanamedrove da ieru-

salimSi mimdinare ambebis saqmis kursSi iyo. misi gadmoce-

miT, saqarTveloSi dabrunebul nikifore irbaxs jvarisma-

mad dautovia gabrieli, gvarad gegenava. nikifores, 1658

wels, valebis dasafaravad vinme markozis xeliT ierusa-

limSi Tanxa gaugzavnia. rodesac nikiforem saqarTveloSi

dabruneba gadawyvita, gadmogvcems dosiTeosi, ìverielebis

jvris monasterSi Tavis nacvlad datova vinme gabrieli. am

kacma Tavisi uweso cxovrebiT monasteri did valebSi Caag-

do, romlis dasafari [Tanxa], sxvaTa Soris, nikolozma [sa-

qarTvelodan] gaagzavna, romeliRac markozis xeliT. aTas

eqvsas ormocdaTvramet wels gabrieli movida iopiaSi1 mar-

kozTan Sesaxvedrad, romelsac daRupvas umzadebda. erTma

nestorianelma markozi zRvaSi gadaagdo. markozi daiRupa.

gabrielma aiRo [markozis motanili] fuli, romlis nawili

1 iafa - qalaqi da navsadguri palestinaSi. savaraudoa nikiforem

markozi jer kidev levan II-is sikvdilamde da misive SewevniT gag-

zavna ierusalimSi. Torem aRniSnul 1658 wels, dadianis sikvdi-

lis Semdeg, amas veRar moaxerxebda, radgan maSinve samTavroSi

areuloba daiwyo.

597

misca mevaxSeebs. Tamasuqebi Tumca Secvala, magram [mevaxSe-

ebs] Zveli Tamasuqebi ar CamoarTva. misgan gagulianebulma

adamianebma, ra Tqma unda yaCaRebma, gzaSi gaZarcves is kaci,

romelsac Tamasuqebi mihqonda da [Tamasuqebi] waarTves. gab-

rieli fiqrobda, rom Tamasuqebi ganadgurda, magram isini

[sinamdvileSi] mevaxSeebs hqondaT~1.

Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad Seefereba sinamdviles is

rasac dosiTeosi qarTvel jvarismamebze wers, magram aR-

niSnuli sakiTxebis kvlevisas aucileblad gasaTvaliwine-

belia. is ki Tu ra mizani amoZravebda patriarq dosiTeoss

amis Sesaxeb, sakmaod dawvrilebiT aRvniSne nikifore irba-

xis saqmianobis ganxilvisas.

imave patriarqis mixedviT, gabrieli Turqebma mokles,

magram dros ar uTiTebs2.

* * *

xelmwife mixeil Teodores Zes yabardodan acnobes

dadianis elCis jer yabardoSi misvlisa, Semdeg TergSi da-

binavebis Sesaxeb. 1636 wlis 18 dekembers xelmwife gaecno

ra Tergis voevodebis moxsenebas, brZana elCi moskovSi ga-

egzavnaT. mefis brZanebis amsaxveli sigeli TergSi gaigzav-

na 20 dekembers, magram gaurkveveli mizeziT, sigelma daniS-

nulebis adgilamde ver miaRwia. moskovidan pasuxis miuReb-

lobis gamo, Tergis voevodebma 1637 wlis 29 oqtombers mos-

kovSi gaagzavnes werili, romliTac elCisadmi Semdgomi

mopyrobis gankargulebas iTxovdnen. 1638 wlis 16 marts, ga-

igzavna meore brZaneba elCis moskovSi gaSvebis Sesaxeb.

brZaneba miiRes 13 ivniss, gegenava ki 30 ivniss gaemgzavra3.


riidan, gv. 189. 2 iqve, gv. 209. 3 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 145.

598

amgvarad elCi TiTqmis 2 weli Seyovnda TergSi 1.

vidre dadianis elCi gzaSi iyo, mis Sesaxeb Teimura-

zis elCs nikifore berZens gamohkiTxes. gasagebi mizezebis

gamo, nikiforem dadianis qveyana, xalxi, misi osmaleTTan

urTierToba, ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, yovelive muq fereb-

Si daxata2.

cnobili araa dadianis elCi rodis Cavida moskovSi.

igi 1638 wlis 16 noembers ukve saelCo prikazSi imyofeboda

da diakebis fedor lixaCevis, maqsim matiuSkinisa da grigo-

ri lvovis kiTxvebs pasuxobda.

elCma kategoriuli uari ganacxada levan dadianis mi-

er xelmwifisaTvis gagzavnili sigeli diakebisaTvis gadae-

ca. mas hqonda zepirad danabarebic, romelic aseve xelmwi-

fisaTvis piradad unda moexsenebina. man maT aCvena mxolod

erTi furclis or gverdze, or enaze (berZnulad da qarTu-

lad) dawerili sigeli. rogorc Cans, dadianma Tadarigi

daiWira da moskovSi qarTulad dawerili sigelis berZnu-

li Targmanic gaagzavna. savaraudoa, mas undoda adgilzeve

gaekontrolebina rogori iqneboda misi werilis Sinaarsi

berZnul TargmanSi.

gabrielma, dasmuli kiTxvebis mixedviT, ilaparaka

odiSis mTavris statusis, samTavros mosaxleobis rwmenis,

saeklesio ierarqiis, xelosnobisa da vaWrobis, SeiaraRe-

bis, soflis meurneobisa da sxva sakiTxebze. isic Tqva, rom

mTavars omi hqonda imereTis mefesTan, magram amJamad maT

Soris mSvidobaa.

sainteresoa gabrielis pasuxi diakebis or ukanasknel

kiTxvaze: rogori iyo mTavris ojaxuri mdgomareoba da ro-

gori damokidebuleba hqonda mas osmaleTis sulTanTan. el-

1 rogorc TviT gabriel gegenavam saelCo prikazSi ganacxada, igi

TergSi ori weli gaaCeres («А не своей-де земли он поехал и прошлом в 144-м году ... и мешкал на Терке два годы: не отпустили его долго ко государю воеводы»). Там же, с. 147. 2 Там же, с. 143-144.

599

Cma upasuxa, rom dadiani didi xania daojaxebulia, hyavs ori

Ze da ori asuli. ufrosi ufliswuli aleqsandre 13 wlisaa,

umcrosi ki 6-s. asulebi ki, erTi ufros vaJze ufrosia, meo-

re 11-is. elCma levan dadianis asulebis saxelebi ar icoda1.

rac Seexeboda dadianis osmaleTTan urTierTobas, el-

Cis TqmiT, odiSis Zveli mefeebi sulTans xarkSi aZlevdnen

qsovilebs, magram ramdens, ar icoda. adamianebs ar ugzavnid-

nen. amJamindeli mefe levani araviTar xarks ar uxdis2.

12 dekembers gabriel gegenava xelmwife mixeil Tedo-

res Zem miiRo da moismina dadianis mier gagzavnili sige-

lis Sinaarsi. dadiani gamoxatavda mzadyofnas emsaxura

moskovis xelmwifisaTvis da iTxovda mis qveyanaSi elCis

gagzavnas samefo sigelebiT, raTa Sesuliyo misi mefuri ma-

Rali xelis qveS.

aucileblad unda iTqvas levan II-is sigelis im erT

umniSvnelovanes tendenciaze, romelic rusTa xelmwifis

winaSe odiSis mTavars warmoaCenda, im erTaderT mbrZaneb-

lad, romelsac upiratesoba hqonda sxva mefe-mTavrebTan

SedarebiT da romelic unda yofiliyo moskovis dasayrdeni

saqarTveloSi. am mxriv igi gagvaxsenebs Tavisi papas, aleq-

sandre II kaxTa mefes, romelic aseve cdilobda moskovSi

amgvar pirovnebad aReqvaT.

levan dadiani Tavis sigelSi mixeil Tedores Zes sa-

1 qristoforo kastelisagan vigebT, rom levan dadianis vaJebis

saxelebi iyo aleqsandre da manuCari, xolo asulebisa ki _ guli

da cira. kasteli sandoa, radgan mas axlo urTierToba hqonda

mTavris karTan (don qristoforo de kasteli, gv. 55). sxva cnobiT,

dadianis erTi asuli, elene, Teimuraz I-is rZali, ufliswuli da-

viTis meuRle yofila (qronikebi, II, gv. 474), rac simarTles ar un-

da Seesabamebodes. Teimurazisa da levan dadianis urTierTobis

amsaxvel masalebSi maTi aseTi naTesaoba aucileblad aisaxeboda.

magram amis gareSec Teimuraz mefe da levan dadiani saerTo papis

_ aleqsandre II kaxTqa mefis SviliSvilebi iyvnen: Teimurazi ma-

mis, levani ki dedis mxridan. 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 147-150

600

qarTvelos samefo-samTavroebs Soris ZalTa Tanasworobas

Semdegnairad uxatavs: ìveriaSi iyo 5 xelmwife. ori maTga-

ni iranis Saxma mokla, xolo danarCeni sami saxelmwifos

xelmwifobas RvTis SewevniTa da misi mefuri dRegrZelo-

biT igi, leonti mefe flobs. mas didi xania surda misi di-

di xelmwifebisaTvis emsaxura, magram Sesaferisi dro ver

gamonaxa, raTa xelmwifis winaSe qedi moexara. exla ki, misi

Zlieri mefobis winaSe gamovagzavne Cemi karis xucesi saxe-

lad gavrila... didma xelmwifem mowyaleba moiRos da mas

(levan II-s _e.m.) elCi gaugzavnos Tavisi samefo sigelebiT

da Tavisi mefuri maRali xelis qveS miiRos...~1

levan dadianis sigelSi yovelive naTladaa gadmocemu-

li: Sahis mier ganadgurebul or qarTul saxelmwifoSi, ra

Tqma unda, qarTlsa da kaxeTs gulisxmobs. dadianis naTqvami

moskovSi ise unda gaegoT, rom qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebma

(learsab II-m da Teimuraz I-ma) imdenad araswori politika

gaatares iranis mimarT, rom katastrofa ganicades. danarCen

sam saxelmwifoze levan dadiani batonobs. odiSis mTavari

moskovis xelmwifes sruliad iol amocans usaxavs: Tu igi

levan dadians, rogorc erTaderT realur qarTvel xelisu-

fals miiRebs Tavis mfarvelobaSi da daexmareba, maSin mTel

saqarTveloze misi gavlena gavrceldeba.

i. anTelavam yuradReba miaqcia im garemoebas, rom le-

van II dadiani ara mxolod ruseTis xelmwifis winaSe iwo-

nebda Tavs xelmwifobiT, aramed sxvadasxva qarTul sige-

lebSic Tavis Tavs aseve uwodebda. mas Tavis tolad rom

ar miaCnda rostom mefe, Cans mariamisaTvis gatanebul mziT-

vis wignSi: `Cven RmrTiv aRmatebulman da RmrTiv damyare-

bulman, Zlierman, uZlevelman da ara sada Zleulman xel-

mwifeman dadianman patronman levan, mivaTxoveT... Cveni da...

RmrTiv aRmatebulsa da maRlis Ãelmwifisagan damyarebul-

sa mefeT mefesa, patronsa rostoms~. amgavarad levani xazs

usvams im garemoebas, rom TviTon RmerTisgan aris (`RmrTiv

1 Там же, с. 151-152

601

damyarebulia~), rostomi ki mxolod Ãelmwifisagan, e. i. Sa-

hisagan damyarebulia1.

levan dadianis mier sakuTari Tavis gandidebis midre-

kileba ukve Cans ocian wlebSi. 1628 wlis biWvinTis sigel-

Si vkiTxulobT: `Cuen Ãelmwifeman dadainma batonma le-

van...~ 1636 wlis xonis wm. giorgis xatis warweraSi _ `xel-

mwifeman dadianman patronman levan...~ 1647 wlis iloris xa-

tis Sewirulobis sigelSi igi kvlav `Ãelmwife dadainia~2.

mixeil Tedores Zis davalebiT, dadianis elCs specia-

lurad da dawvrilebiT gamokiTxes odiSis samTavroSi mar-

Tlmadidebluri qristianuli rwmenisa da eklesiis mdgoma-

reobis Sesaxeb3.

1639 w. 24 maiss gabriel gegenavas gamoucxades, rom

mas samSobloSi uSvebdnen da masTan erTad miemgzavreboda

moskovis elCi fedot elCini4. mas daevala `dadianis mefe

leontis ruseTis saxelmwifosadmi erTgulebasa da mudmiv

qveSevrdomobaze daficeba~. calke davaleba mieca mRvdel

pavle zaxarins. mas unda Seeswavla `dadianelebis~ qristia-

nuli rwmena da saeklesio msaxureba5.

elCebi 1639 wlis 2 ivniss moskovidan gavidnen da imave

wlis 13 noembers ukve odiSis samTavroSi iyvnen. fedot el-

Cinma odiSSi Camoitana ruseTis xelmwifis sapasuxo sigeli

levan dadianTan, romelSic garkveviT iyo naTqvami, rom

xelmwife kmayofili iyo dadianis moskovTan dakavSirebis

surviliT.

gabriel gegenavas ruseTSi yofnis Sesaxeb informaci-

is mosmenisa da misi moskovSi yofnis dros Secvlili saer-

TaSoriso viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dadianis moskovisad-

mi damokidebuleba sruliad da sabolood Seicvala. mTava-

1 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 98. 2 qronikebi, II, gv. 447, 451, 455, 461. 3 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 153-157. 4 Там же, с. 152. 5 Там же, с. 157.

602

ri ukmayofilo iyo moskovidan dabali rangis elCobis ga-

mogzavniTac. igi mis ambiciebs ar miesadageboda. gadamwyve-

ti mniSvneloba ki imas hqonda, rom levan dadianma, pragma-

tistma politikosma, Zalian kargad icoda, Tundac Teimura-

zis ruseTTan urTierTobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Crdiloe-

Tis saxelmwifo odiSis samTavros qmediT daxmarebas ver

gauwevda. axlo aRmosavleTis or did saxelmwifosTan ur-

TierTobaSi ki TiTqmis yvelaferi garkveuli iyo. amitomac

man moskovis elCi fedot elCini mxolod eqvsi Tvis Semdeg

uxalisod miiRo da odiSis samTavros ruseTis mfarvelo-

baSi Sesvlaze sityvac aRar dauZravs.

levan dadianis sgareo politika sagrZnoblad Seicva-

la 1639 wels osmaleTsa da irans Soris dadebuli zohabis

zavis Semdeg. cnobilia, rom amasiis zavis Semdgom iran-os-

maleTs Soris dadebul yvela xelSekrulebaSi, mniSvnelo-

vani adgili `gurjistanis~ sakiTxs ekava. zohabis zaviT ama-

siis xelSekrulebaSi Setanili koreqtivi is iyo, rom sam-

cxe-saaTabago mTlianad osmaleTis mflobelobaSi gadavi-

da. danarCeni saqarTvelo osmaleTma da iranma gavlenis

sferoebad gaiyves: dasavleTs osmaleTi daepatrona, aRmo-

savleTs ki irani. amgvarad, danawilebul saqarTveloSi

iran-osmaleTis politikuri batonoba unda damyarebuliyo1.

1640 wlis 19 maiss rusi elCebi odiSidan gaistumres.

elCebs Tan mihqondaT levan dadianis sapasuxo sigeli, ro-

melSic aRar iyo Txovna ruseTis mxridn odiSis samTavros

dacva-mfarvelobaze. dadiani xelmwifes mxolod imas

sTxovda, rom mxatvrebi da saRebavebi gaegzvna odiSSi ek-

lesiebis mosaxatad. amiT dasrulda levan II dadianis ur-

TierToba ruseTTan2.

levan II dadianma, ra Tqma unda, icoda, rom zohabis

sazavo xelSekruleba irans dasavleT saqarTvelos saqmeeb-

Si Careva ukrZalavda, odiSis mTavari iranis imediT veRar

1 CoCievi v., dasax. naSr., gv. 335. 2 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 101.

603

iqneboda. igi osmaleTis pirispir marto rCeboda. amitom ar

mgonia, dadianis mokavSire qarTlis mefe rostomis Teimu-

razze mopovebuli gamarjveba da iransa da osmaleTs So-

ris dadebuli zavi odiSis mTavris ruseTisadmi damokide-

bulebis Secvlis mizezi yofiliyo1. vfiqrob, dadianis mier

droebiT ruseTze aRebuli orientaciis Secvlis mTavari

mizezi mkacri realobisaTvis angariSis gaweva iyo. dadians

aRar awyobda arafris momcemi ruseTis qveSevrdomobis aRi-

arebiT sulTani da Sahi gaeRizianebina.

iTqva, rom rodesac gaiges, rom odiSis mTavris elCi

moskovSi midioda, maSinve samTavrosa da mTavris Sesaxeb

gamohkiTxes iq myof Teimurazis elCs, nikifore berZens. 1637

ivnisSi nikifore da ruseTis elCebi saqarTvelosken gamoe-

Surnen. maSin gabriel gegenava jer kidev moskovSi misuli

ar iyo. nikifore Teimuraz mefesTan dabrunda 1638 wlis ag-

vistoSi. igi, bunebrivia, mefes moaxsenebda rac icoda odi-

Sis mTavris elCis moskovSi vizitis Sesaxeb.

Teimurazisa da imerTis mefe giorgi III-saTvis sruli-

ad miuRebeli iyo dadianis moskovTan dakavSireba. isini

darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom odiSis mTavris mier rusT xel-

mwifesTan elCis gagzavnis erT-erTi mTavari mizani qarTve-

li mefeebis ruseTTan urTierTobis CaSla da am mxridan

maTi sruli izolacia iyo.

savaraudoa, Teimuraz da giorgi mefeebma, mas Semdeg

rac cnobili gaxda dadianis mier moskovSi elCis gagzavnis

Sesaxeb, Teimurazis iniciativiT, dadianTan urTierTobis

mSvidobianad mogvareba scades. Teimuraz mefe, rom aRniS-

nul periodSi odiSSi imyofeboda, amis Sesaxeb dedofalma

xoreSanma saqarTvelosken momaval nikifore toloCanovs

TergSi Seatyobina. dedofali ruseTis elCs pirdeboda,

rom Teimurazis kaxeTSi dabunebas, maSinve acnobebda2. ro-

1 Накашидзе Н., Ук. труд, с. 143 2 Полиевктов М., Материалы, с. 231.

604

gorc Cans Teimurazisa da imereTis mefis iniciativa dade-

biTi SedegiT ar dasrulda.

levan dadianis amgvari politikis sawinaaRmdegod, Te-

imuraz I-ma, 1639 wels, moskovSi meored gagzavnil nikifore

mitropolits gaatana sigeli, romelsac ukve gavecaniT. mas-

Si sakmaod dawvrilebiT Camoyalibebuli iyo yvela is 17

braldeba, rasac Teimurazi da imereTis samefo kari odi-

Sis mTavars uyenebda1.

sainteresoa, rom, rogorc Teimurazi moskovis xelmwi-

fes werda, TiTqos Sah sefi Teimuraz mfesTan dapirispire-

bas, levan dadians abralebda. amis Sesaxeb kaxeTis mefisaT-

vis TviT Sahs miuweria2.

magram yovelives rasac Teimuraz mefe moskovSi ac-

nobebda, levan dadianisaTvis ukve naklebi mniSvneloba

hqonda. rogorc iTqva, levan dadianma ruseTTan diplomati-

uri urTierTobis gagrZelebaze uari Tqva.

Tavisi samTavrosaTvis CrdiloeTidan saimedo zurgis

Seqmnis, Teimuraz mefis yabardoelebTan kavSirSi ganxeTqi-

lebis Setanisa da imereTis mefe aleqsandres winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi mokavSiris gaCenis mizniT, levan dadianma yabar-

dos did TavadTan aleguko SegenukovTan kavSiri daamyara.

1640 wlis 1 marts man Tavisi aznauri yabardoSi gagzavna

da Tavisi vaJisaTvis qaliSvili sTxova3. imave wlis maisSi

levan dadianis kacTan erTad odiSSi Cavida yabardoeli

Tavadis aznauri da saqorwino garigeba warmatebiT das-

rulda. magram, rogorc rusuli wyaroebidan irkveva, aleq-

sandre mefesa da yabardoel TavadTa, erT nawilTan mainc,

kargi urTierToba arsebobda4.

rusi elCebis pirdapiri da arapirdapiri cnobebi war-

1 Переписка, с. 22-23. 2 Там же, с. 31. 3 Путешествие русских послов XVI-XVII вв., М.-Л., 1954, с. 206; Полиевктов М. А., Материалы, с. 157. 4 bocvaZe T., saqarTvelo-yabardos urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 79.

605

modgenas gviqmnis Teimuraz mefis diplomatiis erT mimar-

Tulebazec. XVII s. 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Teimuraz me-

fem kidev scada odiSis mTavarTan mSvidobiani urTierTo-

bisaTvis mieRwia. ufro metic, igi realurad afasebda da

did mniSvnelobasac aniWebda dadianis samxedro Zalasa da

politikur SesaZleblobebs. isic Cans, Teimuraz mefe seri-

ozulad fiqrobda dadianis avtoritetis gamoyenebas iranis

SahTan Tavisi urTierTobis daregulirebisaTvis. am miznis

misaRwevad igi bevrs cdilobda. mas jer erTmaneTTan unda

Seerigebina imereTis mefe da odiSis mTavari, rac mniSvne-

lovani wingadadgmuli nabiji iqneboda. samefo taxtis dab-

runebis gzaze,

sayuradReboa, rom 1651 wlis gazafxulze Teimuraz mefe

odiSSi (`sadadianoSi~) Cavida. amis Sesaxeb qarTvel da rus

elCebs acnoba 25 maiss balyareTSi Casulma imereTis mefe

aleqsandre III-is aznaurma `nikilim~. man elCebs uTxra, rom

Teimuraz mefe amJamad imereTSi ki ar imyofeboda, sadac rusi

elCebi masTan Sexvedras gegmavdnen, aramed odiSis samTavro-

Si, magram ra mizniT, amis Sesaxeb `nikilim~ ar icoda~1.

29 ivliss Teimurazis meore aznaurma ramazanma rom-

lis movaleobas rusi elCebis momsaxureba Seadgenda, `ra-

WaSi~ mefesTan Casul rus elCebs uTxra: `sadadianos mefe

levani movida da quTaisidan erTi dRis savalze dgas. igi

kargi da keTili saqmisaTvis movidao. didebuli (moskovis

_e.m.) mefis elCebis Camosvlam mas SiSi mohgvara da axla me-

fe aleqsandresTan da mefe TeimurazTan Serigeba surso~2.

Teimurazis levan dadianTan urTierTobis gaumjobese-

bis perspeqtivas kidev ufro seriozul saxes aZlevda igive

ramazani, rodesac rus elCebs `gaando~, rom levan dadian-

Tan urTierTobis gaumjobesebamde, Teimurazi moskovisaT-

vis ganzraxuli ufliswulis erekle/nikolozis gagzavnaze

Tavs Seikavebda. Znelia imis Tqma, ramazani ruseTis elCebis

1 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 68. 2 iqve, gv. 74.

606

dezinformacias axdenda Tu simarTles eubneboda (nikifore

toloCanovis mixedviT, ramazans `wamoscda~), rom `mefe Tei-murazi Tavis SviliSvils nikolozs did xelmwifes manam ar gaugzavnis, sanam sadadianos mTavars ar Seurigdeba da

kaxeTs ar daibrunebso~1.

zustad verasodes gairkveva levan dadiani marTla

Tu sTxovda Teimurazs mZevals imisaTvis, rom odiSis sam-

Tavrosa da imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-s Soris mSvidobia-

ni urTierToba damyarebuliyo. amgvar cnobebs elCebs Tei-

murazisa da aleqsandres kariskacebi da TviT mefeebic, aw-

vdidnen2, albaT, konkretuli mosazrebiT: SeemzadebinaT ni-

adagi ufliswulis moskovSi gagzavnaze uaris saTqmelad,

an im dros gagzavnisaTvis, rodesac qarTveli mefeebi xel-

sayrelad miiCnevdnen. aseT xmebs Teimurazi uaryofda3, mag-

ram imgvarad, rom elCebi kidev ufro met gaurkvevlobaSi

darCeniliyvnen.

rus elCebs da, albaT, sxva ucxoel damkvirveblebsac,

kidev ufro metad uWirdaT simarTlis dadgena, rodesac

Teimurazis mier uaryofis Semdeg cnobili xdeboda misi da

aleqsandre mefis dadianTan molaparakebis Sesaxeb.

agvistos bolodan 2 seqtembramde Teimuraz mefe

odiSSi iyo levan dadianTan. magram man aleqsandres da da-

dianis Serigeba ver SeZlo am ukanasknelis mier Teimurazi-

sa da imereTis mefisaTvis wayenebuli mZime pirobebis gamo4.

savaraudoa, levan II dadianma icoda Teimuraz mefis

ganzraxva moskovis xelmwifesTan gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb da

igi rogorc Tavisi, ise rostom mefisa da Sah abas II-is in-

teresebis mixedviT, da, albaT, maTTan SeTanxmebiTac, cdi-

lobda Teimurazis ganzraxvis ganxorcieleba Seeferxebina.

sxvagvarad ver avxsni dadianis mier Teimuraz mefesTan Ta-

1 iqve, gv. 75-76. 2 iqve, gv. 79-81. 3 iqve, gv. 75. 4 iqve, gv. 78-79.

607

visi kacebis migzvnas, im motiviT, viTomdac mas aleqsandre

mefesTan Sesarigeblad kaxeTis mefis Suamdgomloba ewada.

Teimuraz mefes odiSis mTavris ar sjeroda. magram

levan dadianma mefes iseTi avtoritetuli adamianebi miug-

zavna, rom igi iZulebuli gaxda maT nebas dahyoloda da

zugdidSi gaeSura mTavarTan mosalaparakeblad. rogorc

mosalodneli iyo Sexvedra uSedegod damTavrda. dadianma

mSvidobis sanacvlod iseTi moTxovna wamoayena, romelsac

arc imereTis mefe da arc Teimurazi daTanxmdeboda.

ra Tqma unda, dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebis

Serigeba erTiani sagareo politikuri kursis SemuSavebas

waadgeboda. dasavleT saqarTvelos Zalebis erTi saerTo,

qarTuli interesebisaken warmarTva, Teimuraz mefes ros-

tom mefis da, Sesabamisad, yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg omis

warmatebiT warmoebis SesaZleblobas miscemda. Tu movlene-

bi ase ganviTardeboda, Teimurazs rusT xelmwifesTan Se-

saxvewi aRar eqneboda. qarTlisa da kaxeTis ganTavisufle-

ba qarTvelTa xeliT moxdeboda.

dadianis da Teimurazis molaparakebis Sesaxeb sainte-

reso cnoba dagvitova erT-erTma rusma diplomatma ilia

stoianovma.

1657 wels moskovSi dabrunebulma Jidovinovisa da po-

roSinis Tarjimanma ilia stoianovma 4 seqtembers saelCo

prikazSi, dadianis TeimurazTan urTierTobaze Semdegi Cve-

neba misca: stoianovis `Teimuraz mefesTan yofnis dros

mravaljer movidnen levan dadianis mociqulebi, romlebic

iTxovdnen, rom Teimurazma Searigos odiSis mTavari da ime-

reTis mefe da isic Seiyvanos moskovis xelmwifis mfarve-

lobaSi, ise rogorc Teimurazi imyofeba didi xelmwifis

qveSovrdomad. roca Teimuraz mefe did xelmwifesTan wava,

dadians aleqsandre mefesTan veravin Searigebs.

Teimuraz mefem sadadianos mefe leontis ar daujera

da uari uTxra. Teimuraz mefis dasarwmuneblad sadadianos

mefe leontim masTan gamogzavna kaTalikosi (maT kaTalikosi

608

hyavT patriarqis magier) da mitropoliti mikolai1, rom im

leonti mefes aleqsandre mefesTan mSvidoba unda da mas da-

icavs samudamod. kaTalikosi da mitropoliti Teimuraz me-

fis darwmunebas cdilobdnen. Teimuraz mefem daujera ra ka-

Talikossa da mitropolits, maTTan erTad wavida sadadia-

nos leonti mefesTan, xolo is ilia2 Tan waiyvana saTarjim-

nod. mividnen Tu ara qalaq zuCitSi3, sadac cxovrobs sada-

dianos leonti mefe, sadadianos mefe piradaT, Tavis boia-

rebTan erTad Sexvda Teimuraz mefesa da kaTalikoss. Teimu-

raz mefe sadadianos mefesTan erTad daeswro wirvas im qa-

laqSi. wirvis Semdeg sadadinos mefem Teimuraz mefes uTxra:

Tu mis siZes aleqsandre mefes masTan Serigeba unda, maSin

sadadianos mefes unda dauTmos Tavisi sataxto qalaqi quTa-

isi. mas aseT pirobiT unda masTan mSvidoba da Tavis Svil-

sac daubrunebs, xelmwifis mfarvelobaSic Seva. Teimuraz

mefem dainaxa ra misi meryeoba Tavis qveyanaSi dabrunda~4.

Teimuraz mefem, romelmac winaswar icoda dadianTan

molaparakebis uperspeqtivoba, rusi diplomati, albaT, imi-

saTvis waiyvana zugdidSi, rom mas sakuTari TvaliT enaxa

ras warmoadgenda levani dadiani, rogorc politikosi. Te-

imurazs rusebis darwmuneba undoda imaSic, rom rasac igi

moskovis mTavrobas dadianze uaryofiTs swerda, yovelive

simarTles Seefereboda. sxva ra mizniT unda waeyvana Tei-

muraz mefes ilia stoianovi samegreloSi? iq raSi gamoad-

geboda rusi Tarjimani?

ruseTis xelisuflebas garkveuli interesi rom hqon-

da odiSis samTavros mimarT, gamomJRavnda nikifore tolo-

Canovisa da aleqsi ievlevisaTvis moskovSi micemul dava-

lebaSi: maT unda daedginaT `sadadianos mTavari Tavis sam-

TavroSia amJamad Tu ara, (imereTis mefe aleqsandresTan me-

1 nikifore irbaxi. 2 ilia stoianovi _ rusi elCebis Tarjimani. 3 q. zugdidi. 4 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 452-453.

609

gobrul ganwyobilebaSia Tu ara, Tu ara, vis eqvemdebareba

_ Turqs Tu Sahs, Tu damoukidebelia da xarks aravis ux-

dis~. dasaxelebul elCebs, yoveliveze zusti informacia

unda SeegrovebinaT da muxlobriv aRwerilobaSi CaeweraT1.

maT davaleba, SeZlebisdagvarad, Seasrules da maT mier mo-

povebuli cnobebi odiSis samTavros saSinao da sagareo

mgomareobasa da mis mTavarze, ra Tqma unda, sainteresoa.

pirvel rigSi elCebi imas aRniSnaven rogori STabeWdi-

leba moaxdina levan dadianze maTma Casvlam imereTSi. 1651

wlis 19 ivliss rus elCebma Teimurazis aznauri `ramazani-

sagan~ gaiges, rom dadiani quTaisidan erTi dRis savalze mi-

vida da dabanakda keTili ganzraxviT. xelmwifis elCebis Ca-

mosvlam is imdenad SeaSina, rom TeimurazTan da aleqsan-

dresTan Serigeba gadawyvita2. es cnoba nikifore toloCa-

novs ekuTvnis. aseve sainteresoa imave ricxvSi aleqsi ievle-

vis mier Cawerili `ramazanis~ monaTxrobi: levan dadians ga-

nuzraxavs mis tyveobaSi myofi aleqsandre mefis vaJi bagra-

ti Tavis qaliSvilze daeqorwinebina da `TiTqos am saqmis

gamo, levan mTavari, aleqsandre mefes, mosalaparakeblad,

piradad eaxlebao~3. imave aznauris meSveobiT cnobili gax-

da, rogor SeSinda levan dadiani, roca man gaigo kazakebis

konstantinopolze Tavdasxma, maT mier mravali Turqis amow-

yveta da tyveebis wayvana. xma gavrcelebula, rom odiSis

mTavaric xelmwifis qveSevrdomi gaxdeba maSin `Tuki misi me-

furi udidebulesoba levan mTavars donel yazaxebs miusevs,

xolo aleqsandre mefe Tavis mxriv Tavis laSqarso~4.

is rac elCebma levan dadianis Sesaxeb gadmogvces, Se-

iZleba mTlad simarTles ar Seefereboda da Teimuraz me-

fis xalxis mier gavrcelebuli xmebi iyo. mas undoda ze-

moqmedeba moexdina isedac didad Sefiqrianebul elCebze,

1 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 49. 2 iqve, gv. 74. 3 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 143. 4 iqve, gv. 143-144

610

TiTqos SeiZleboda Teimuraz mefes Tavisi SviliSvili

erekle moskovis xelmwifesTan gagzavnis magier dadiani-

saTvis mZevlad mieca1, amas Sedegad mohyveboda mSvidobis

damyareba dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rac, rogorc nikifore

toloCanovi werda, ruseTis interesebSi ar Sedioda2.

imave dros, sayuradReboa, kazakebis osmalebze Tav-

dasxmiT gamowveuli dadianis SiSi. SeiZleboda kazakebis

da imereTis mefis jari erTdroulad SeWriliyvnen odiSSi.

sxvaTa Soris, amgvari gegmis ganxorcielebas urCevdnen

moskovis xelmwifes, Teimurazi da aleqsandre mogvianebiT

gagzavnili TavianTi sigelebiT.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im aJiotaJs, romelic ufliswu-

li erekles moskovSi gagzavnis ganzraxvam iranSi da qar-

Tlis samefoSi gamoiwvia, ar aris gamoricxuli, levan da-

dians, rostomisa da Sah abas II-is mokavSires, marTlac Tei-

murazisagan erekles mZevlad moeTxova. rogorc iTqva, arc

imis gamoricxva SeiZleba, rom Teimurazisa da aleqsandres

xalxi Segnebulad avrcelebdnen amgvar xmebs, rus elCebze

da dadianze zegavlenis mosaxdenad.

nikifore toloCanovis muxlobrivis aRwerilobidan

Cans, rogor cdilobda Teimuraz mefe ramenairad levan da-

dianTan SeTanxmebisaTvis mieRwia da igi Sah abasisa da

rostom mefisagan CamoeSorebina.

1651 wlis 3 agvistos quTaisSi rus elCebTan mivida le-

van dadianis mociquli, Teimuraz mefis yofili aznauri sa-

baxtari (igive giorgi qarTveli). igi, rogorc iTqva, Tbilis-

Si rostom mefesTan saSuamavlod midioda, raTa mas Teimu-

raz mefisaTvis kaxeTi daebrunebina. rogorc dadianis elCma

Tqva, mTavari male, quTaisidan erTi dRis saval manZilze

daSorebul adgilas mividoda da mahmadianebis winaaRmdeg

erToblivad omisaTvis mefeebTan molaparakebas gamarTavda3.

1 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 75. 2 iqve, gv. 78. 3 iqve, gv. 122.

611

ar viciT giorgi qarTvelma ra pasuxi Camoitana ros-

tom mefisagan. albaT, raRac saimedo iyo, radgan agvistos

bolos Teimurazi odiSSi TviTon Cavida. rogorc seqtem-

bris dasawyisSi cnobili gaxda, Teimurazma aleqsandre le-

van dadianTan ver Seariga, vinaidan mTavars mefe Teimura-

zis SviliSvili mZevlad, aleqsandresgan ki, mis qveSev-

rdomTagan ocdaaTi rCeuli kacis mamulebianaT, Tavis sam-

TavrosTan SeerTeba mouTxovia. `Tu am pirobas amisrulebT

mefe aleqsamdres da Sen, Teimuraz mefes, samudamod Segi-

rigdebiTo~. rodesac aleqsandrem amgvari pirobiT Serige-

baze uari ganacxada, amis Semdeg Teimurazsac uari uTqvams

Tavisi SviliSvilis mZevlad micemaze. sxvasac ambobdnen,

TiTqos levanma TviTon sTqva uari mZevalze, roca gaigo,

rom mefeàaleqsandres xelmwifisaTvis samudamo ymoba da

erTguleba Seuficavso1.

Teimurazma rus elCebs piradad ganumarta, rom dadi-

anma igi kargad miiRo, magram samSvidobo molaparakeba ma-

inc uSedegod damTavrda. levan dadiani kaxeTis gasaTavi-

sufleblad Tavisi jariT daxmarebis sanacvlod SviliSvi-

lis mZevlad datovebas mTxovdao. dadianisagan aseTi piro-

bis dayeneba, rom realobis farglebs scildeboda amis Se-

saxeb ukve aRiniSna.

rogorc nikifore toloCanovi gadmogvcems, dadianTan

samSvidobo molaparakebaSi warumateblobis miuxedavad, Te-

imuraz mefe mainc imeds ar hkaragavda2. amgvar cnobebs rus

elCebs Teimurazis garemocvidan awvdidnen, rac maT dezin-

formacias emsaxureboda. isini elCebs, romlebsac xelmwi-

fisagan davalebuli hqondaT radac ar unda dajdomodaT

ufliswuli erekle moskovSi CaeyvanaT, mudmivad daZabul

mdgomareobaSi amyofebdnen. maT ar icodnen rogor moqceu-

liyvnen maSin, Teimurazs moskovisaTvis Sepirebuli uflis-

wuli dadianisTvis rom mieca.

1 iqve, gv. 79. 2 iqve, gv. 82, 84.

612

1651 wlis 30 seqtembers levan dadianTan gagzavnili

Teimurazis kacebi quTaisSi dabrundnen, maTTan erTad mo-

vidnen levan dadianis elCebi, maT Soris imyofeboda `mTaw-

mindis iRumeni nikifore, imaTeburad (qarTulad) nikolo-

zi~1. rogorc vxedavT, nikifore toloCanovi gansakuTrebiT

amaxvilebs yuradRebas levan dadianis elCze, nikoloz Co-

loyaSvilze, saqveynod cnobil politikur moRvawesa da

diplomatze. maT Camoitanes levan dadianis mier uaryofa

yvela im pirobebisa, romlebsac Teimuraz da aleqsandre

mefeeebi samSvidobo molaparakebis dros ayenebdnen.

oqtombris dasawyisSi ukve cnobili gaxda, rom levan

dadiani imereTze Tavdasasxmelad emzadeboda da rusi el-

Cebis gamgzavrebas elodeboda2.

odiSis samTavros urTierToba reC pospolitasa

da kazakebTan

XVII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Savi zRvis Crdilo

sanapiroze seriozul samxedro Zalas osmaleTisadmi daq-

vemdebarebuli yirimis saxano warmoadgenda, romelic ruse-

Tis samxreT raionebze ganuwyvetel Tavdasxmebs awyobda.

osmaleTisTvis ki aseTive amaoxrebel Zalas donisa da

dnepris kazakebi warmoadgendnen. Tu yirimeli TaTrebi ru-

seTs uqmnidnen problemebs, aseTnairad moqmedebdnen kazake-

bi osmaleTis mimarT. imave dros osamleTsa da ruseTs sa-

erTo mteri yavdaT poloneTis saxiT.

mocemul periodSi, saerTaSoriso politikuri da

strategiuli mniSvnelobis garda, saqarTvelos Savi zRvis-

pira samTavroebs ekonomikuri mniSvnelobac hqonda. maTs am-

gvar mniSvnelobas iTvaliswinebda Sahis kari. irani trapi-

zonze gamaval evropasTan damakavSirebel gzas maSin mo-

1 iqve, gv. 85 2 iqve, gv. 135

613

wyda, rodesac osmaleTma gaanadgura da daiapyro ay-yoiun-

lus saxelmwifos strategiuli da ekonomikuri mokavSire

trapizonis imperia. Tu irani mtkiced moikidebda fexs aR-

mosavleT saqarTveloSi da urTierTobas moagvarebda odi-

Sisa da guriis samTavroebTan, maSin igi osmaleTis gverdis

avliT, evropasTan savaWro kavSirsac ganaxorcielebda im

gziT, romelzec odiSis samTavroze saubrisas iTqva. imis

garda, rom odiSisa da guriis samTavroebTan kavSirSi ira-

ni imereTis samefos blokadas axdenda, isini Savi zRvis sa-

napiroze mdebareobiT im strategiul mniSvnelobasac iZen-

dnen, rom perspeqtivaSi, osmalebTan Serkinebis dros maTi

portebis gamoyeneba SeiZleboda.

imdroindeli politikosebi da strategebi varaudob-

dnen, rom reC pospolitasa da ruseTs mdinare dnepris da

donis arteriebis gamoyenebiTa da kazakebis daxmarebiT, gu-

riasa da odiSSi Sesaferisi placdarmebis mowyobis Sem-

TxvevaSi, osmaleTze Tavdasxma gauadvildebodaT. magram am-

gvari strategiuli gegmis ganxorcieleba im SemTxvevaSi Se-

iZleboda Tu dasaxelebuli saxelmwifoebi osmaleTTan

omisaTvis mzad iqnebodnen. manamde ki, kazakebis araorgan-

zebul Tavdasxmebs osmaleTis qalaqebsa da gamagrebul ad-

gilebze, mxolod politikuri garTulebebi mosdevda. ami-

tom reC pospolitasa da ruseTs kazakebis Sekaveba da maTi

gamoyeneba mizanmimarTulad undodaT, magram isini kon-

trols ar eqvemdebarebodnen. maTi mcire, mobiluri saz-

Rvao razmebi SiSis zars scemdnen Savi zRvis sanapiroebis

mosaxleobas da savaWro gemebs.

amgvarad, kazakoba, XVI-XVII saukunis pirvel naxevar-

Si, Savi zRvis mimdebare qveynebis politikur cxovrebaSi,

mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda.

odiSisa da guriis samTavroebis osmaleTTan urTier-

Tobaze, maTs ekonomikur da strategiul mniSvnelobaze, sa-

intereso mosazrebebi dagvitova pietro dela valem. misi

TqmiT, radgan dasaxelebuli samTavroebi Savi zRvis sanapi-

roze mdebareoben, maT yovelTvis aqvT osmaleTis flotis

Tavdasxmis saSiSroeba. maTi samTavroebidan eqsportis mTava-

614

ri sagani abreSumia da did Semosavalsac iReben. raTa zara-

li ar ganicadon, isini TavianT Tavs sulTnis megobrebad

da masze damokidebulad acxadeben da saCuqrebiTa da mudmi-

vad pativiscemis gamoxatviT ipoveben mSvidobian da wynar

cxovrebas. isini Tavisuflebas imdenad ufrTxildebian, rom

Turqebs arasodes aZleven maTs qveynebSi Sesvlis, arc iq

mbrZaneblobisa da arc sxva qveyanaze Tavdasasxmelad Tavi-

anT samTavroebSi jaris gatarebis uflebas. poloneli kaza-

kebi, Turqebis mtrebi, md. dnepris Sav zRvasTan SesarTavTan

yureSi cxovroben, maT yovel dRe did zarals ayeneben. gu-

rulebi da megrelebi, romlebic araviTar pativs ar scemen

Turqebs, TavianT qveynebSi kazakebs keTilad mxolod imitom

iReben, rom isinic qristianebi arian1.

kazakebs rom qarTvelebTan urTierToba karga xnis wi-

naT dawyebuli hqondaT, amis maCvenebelia XVI s. 80-ian

wlebSi momxdari erTi faqti, rodesac isini jer qarTlis

mefe svimon I-s osmalebis, Semdeg ki aleqsandre II kaxTa me-

fes daRestnelebis winaaRmdeg exmarebodnen2.

Sah abasi, evropis saxelmwifoebTan antiosmaluri sam-

xedro kavSiris Sekvris mizniT, 1599 wels agzavnis did el-

Cobas, romelsac xelmZRvanelobdnen sparseli husein ali

begi da ingliseli entoni Sirli, elCobis pirveli mdivani

iyo sparseli ulug (uruC) beg baiaTi (SemdegSi don xuan

de persia)3. elCebi unda Casuliyvnen reC pospolitaSi, av-

1 Mmogzauris pietro dela-vales moxseneba saqarTveloze pap ur-

ban mervisadmi, 1627 w. Targmani italiuridan i. Wyoniasi. ìveria,

1879, #3, gv. 56-57 (SemdegSi pietro dela vale). 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diploma-

tia, I, gv. 274-276. 3 uluR beg baiaTi, sparseli didebuli, Sah abasma 1599 wels da-

niSna elCobis pirvel mdivnad. espaneTSi, valiadolidSi mefis

karze yofnisas, sxva sparselebTan erTad ulug begic qristianad

moinaTla da dairqva don xuan de persia (misi naTlia iyo dedo-

fali margarita avstrieli). elCobis sparsma meTaurma husein ali

begma ulug begs mkvleli miugzavna, magram gadarCa. Uulug begi

615

striaSi, inglisSi, veneciaSi, romsa da espaneTSi. moskovSi

misuli elCebi mefe boris godunovma sami Tve gaaCera da

mxolod mas Semdeg misca gzis gagrZelebis ufleba, roca

maT piroba dades, rom molaparakeba ar eqnebodaT reC pos-

politis mefesTan. maT es piroba Seasrules da krakovidan

ise gaemgzavrnen venaSi, rom Jigmunt III vazas ar eaxlnen,

ramac mefis samarTliani guliswyroma gamoiwvia. mefisaT-

vis yvelaferi naTeli Seiqmna, maSin, rodesac iranidan dab-

runda varSaveli moqalaqe, somexi vaWari, Sefer muratovi-

Ci, romelmac is mizezic gaarkvia Tu ratom ar moinaxules

Sah abasis elCebma reC pospolitis mefe da isic moaxsena,

rogor iyo dainteresebuli iranis Sahi reC pospolitasTan

kavSiris damyarebiT da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg erToblivi

brZoliT1. amis Semdeg (1601 w.) reC pospolitis mefe Jigmunt

III iranSi igive Sefer muratoviCi gagzavna da SahTan weri-

li gaatana. reC pospolitis mefe Sahs megobrobas da osma-

leTis winaaRmdeg kavSirs sTavazobda. reC pospolitaSi

dabrunebisas Sefer muratoviCma kaxeTSi, erevanSi, naxWevan-

samudamod espaneTSi darCa da samxedro samsaxurSi Sevida. 1605

wlis 15 maiss samefo karis erT-erTma moxelem Cxubis dros igi

xanjliT mokla. don xuanis dRiurebis safuZvelze daiwera misi

"relacioni", (Relaciones Don Juan de Persia. Dirigidas a la Magestad Catholica de Don Philippe III. Rey de las Espaňas, y seňor nuestro. Divididas en tres libros, donde se tratan las cosas notables de persia, la genealogia de sus Reys, guerras de persianos, Turcas, y Tartaros, y las que vido en el viaje qve hizo àEspaňy su conuersion, y la otros dos Cavalleros Persianos. Aňo 1604. Con privilegio. En Valladolid por Juan de Bestillo: en la calle de Samano. biografiuli cnobebi ix. giorgaZe b.,

ulug beg baiaTi da misi relacioni saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. krebul-

Si: evropis qveynebis istoriis problemebi, I, Tb., 1975, gv. 118-121).

relacionSi Zvirfasi cnobebia saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (mamisTvaliS-

vili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, I, gv. 172,

188, 191, 197 (Sen. 1), 199-202, 211, 229, 242, 335,344, 345, 348-350, 362, 363,

369, 371, 374, 377, 378, 394, 401, 402, 407, 409-411, 432, 433. 1 zedginiZe g., bogdan gurjicki diplomatiur asparezze, Tb., 1983,

gv. 35-36.

616

Si, julfaSi, TavrizSi, isfahansa da qaSanSi gaiara da 1601

wlis 31 marts trapizonSi Cavida1.

romSi Sah abasis elCoba kargad miiRes. papma klimenti

VIII-m Sahs sapasuxo elCoba da werili gaugzavna, romelSic

osmaleTis dasustebaze miuTiTebda da misi samxedro waru-

mateblobis magaliTad ungreTSi marcxs asaxelebda. papi

evropis saxelmwifoebis gaerTianebis aucileblobaze aR-

niSnavda da Sahs mouwodebda gaegrZelebina brZola osma-

leTis saboloo ganadgurebamde2.

zemoxsenebulma jovani tadeom, romelic 1607 wels Sa-

his diplomatiuri davalebiT romSi miemgzavreboda, saqar-

Tvelodan gaiara aRmosavleTi amierkavkasia, darubandi, as-

traxani da moskovSi Cavida. tadeos Sahma reC pospolitisa

da moskovis mefeebTan molaparakeba daavala, `kazakebisa da

moskovelebis~ mier TurqeTis winaaRmdeg ori cixis aRdge-

nis Sesaxeb. imave dros Sahi orive mefes iranTan savaWro

urTierTobis gafarToebas sTavazobda3.

cnobilia, guriis mTavarma mamia II-m (1600-1625), odiSis

mTavar manuCar dadianTan (1590-1611) SeTanxmebiT, osmalebs

aWara waarTva. amis Semdeg, rogorc pietro dela vale gad-

mogvcems, maT `kazakebs kaci gaugzavnes da TurqeTTan sao-

mari mizniT TavianTi teritoria da kavSiri SesTavazes. ag-

reTve oqros patara jvrebi gaugzavnes. kazakebma didi kma-

yofilebiT miiRes es saCuqrebi. isinic (kazakebi) ara er-

Txel wasulan TavianTi sazRvao flotiT kolxeTis sanapi-

roebisaken da alersiani maspinZloba daxvedriaT aq. kazake-

bi am mflobelebis savaWro gemebsac mfarvelobdnen zRva-

ze, romlebic sxvadasxva adgilebSi mimodiodnen. A

am princma (gurielma Tu dadianma) miswera kazakebs, Tu

1 Gulbenkian R., L’Ambassade en Perse de Luis pereira de Lacerda et des Pères Portugais de l’Ordre de Saint-Augustin, Belchior dos Anjos et Guilherme de Santo Agostino, 1604-1605, Lisbonne, 1972, p. 103. 2 zedginiZe g., dasax. naSr., gv. 36. 3 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 21.

617

TviT kazakebma moifiqres amis Tqma meZneleba, magram is nam-

dvilia, rom kazakebma sparselebTan SeTanxmeba ganizraxes.

maT ki iranSi misvla SeeZloT mxolod am princebis sam-

flobelos meSveobiT. Ees icodnen kazakebma da maT zRviT

ori aTasi kacisagan Semdgari razmi gagzavnes. Kkazakebis

ganzraxva iyo daxmareba SeeTavazebinaT iranis mefisaTvis im

omSi, romelsac es mefe TurqeTis winaaRmdeg gegmavda, im va-

raudiT, rom isini miiRebdnen nadavls da ufleba eqnebodaT

gaeZarcvaT yvela is qalaqi, romelsac isini aiRebdnen~1.

Tu rogor seriozulad aRiqvamdnen kazakebis qarTve-

lebTan mWidro kavSirs iranis Sahis karze, amis saintereso

magaliTs vxvdebiT farsadan gorgijaniZis TxzulebaSi: ime-

reTidan gadmosuli qarTlis mefe luarsab II Sah abasTan

gamocxadda. Sahs igi did pativSi hyavda, rac giorgi saaka-

Zes ar moswonda. `kidev movravs yeenisaTvis moexsenebina, _

gadmogvcemsGfarsadan gorgijaniZe, _ radgan kaxT batoni

Teimurazi Camoiyvaneso, qarTvelnic ecdebiano, rom rusebi

moiyenono da xomaldi gamouZaxono da mefe lvarsab zRviT

waiyvanono~2. amis Semdeg luarsab mefe gulabis cixeSi ga-

moketes. Tavi gavaneboT imas rasac farsadani giorgi saaka-

Zes mimarT ambobs, magram, rogorc Cans, qarTvelebsa da ka-

zakebs (amjerad, rusebSi mxolod kazakebi SeiZleba vigu-

lisxmoT) Soris urTierToba imdenad seriozuli iyo, rom

Sahs SeiZleboda saakaZis naTqvami seriozulad daejerebina.

kidev ufro saintereso is aris, rom maSin iranSi da, ra

Tqma unda, saqarTveloSi kazakebs qarTvelebis mokavSiree-

bad imdenad Tvlidnen, rom maT luarsabis dasaxmareblad

amgvari gabeduli moqmedebis Cadena SeeZloT. sul sxvaa

ramdenad SeiZleboda amis praqtikulad ganxorcieleba. as-

trabadi mdebareobda kaspiis zRvis ukidures samxreT aRmo-

savleT sanapiroze, Tanamedrove iranisa da tajikistanis

1 cincaZe i., masalebi reC pospolitisa da saqarTvelos urTier-

Tobis istoriisaTvis (XV-XVII saukuneebi), Tb., 1965, gv. 57-58. 2 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 230.

618

sazRvarze. rogorc Cans, XVII saukuneSi kazakebi md. vol-

giT kaspiis zRvaSi Sediodnen da mis sanapiroebze daTare-

Sobdnen. kazakebis amgvari moqmedebis gamo iranis xelisuf-

leba ukmayofilebas gamosTqvamda. amitom iyo, rom jer ki-

dev 1606 wels, SahTan gagzavnil i. p. romodonovskis sael-

Co prikazSi daavales Sahis karisaTvis aexsna, rom kazake-

bis mier volgaze Zarcava-rbevis gamo mefe vasili Suiskic

Sewuxebulia. man maT dasasjelad razmebi gagzavna, mefes am

adgilebidan maTi gaZeveba unda, raTa ruseTsa da irans So-

ris urTierToba Seuferxeblad viTardebodes1.

ruseTis mTavroba uaryofda, magram kaspiis zRvis mim-

debare qveynebSi cnobili iyo, rom kazakebi misi miTiTebiT

moqmedebdnen. Mmoskovis xelmwifis miTiTebiTDdoneli Kkaza-

kebis kaspiis zRvaSi gadasvlisa da yizilbaSTa miwebisa da

gemebis darbevis Sesaxeb, pirdapir ganacxades stambolSi

ruseTis elCebma aTanase pronCiSCevma da diakma tixon bori-

sovma2. kazakebi kaspiis zRvaSi Sediodnen da Zarcvavdnen vaW-

rebsa da msaxureul adamianebs. amis Sesaxeb acnobebdnen as-

traxanis voevodebi xelmwifes 1621 wels. 1641 wels Sah sefis

elCi moskovis xelmwifes sTxovda, rom gaqceuli, usaxelo

cudi adamianebi Tavs esxmodnen gilianisa da mazanderanis

miwebs, iklebdnen, Zarcvavdnen, atyvevebdnen da xocavdnen mo-

saxleobas. isini aseve epyrobodnen vaWrebs kaspiis zRvaSi3.

1650 wels moskovSi mivida iranis elCi mahomed yuli

begi da xelmwifes miarTva Sahis mier gagzavnili saCuqari _

4000 baTmani gvarjila. rogorc irkveva, ZRveni gamiznuli

iyo kazakebis mier Sahis vaWrisaTvis warTmeuli 5 aTasi rub-

lis Rirebulebis saqonlis dasabruneblad. Sahis elCi pir-

1 Бушев П.П., Ук. труд., с. 411-412. 2 nakaSiZe n., saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-TurqeTis urTierTobaSi

XVII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. KkrebulSi: qarTuli samefo-sam-

Tavroebis sagareo politikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973, gv. 10-11. 3 Соловьев С. М., Сочинения, кн. V. История России с древнейших времен, тома 9-10, М., 1990, с. 216.

619

dapir ver adebs xels ruseTis xelisuflebas mekobre kaza-

kebis mfarvelobaSi da diplomatiurad iTxovs, rom napirze

gariyuli kazakebi da saqoneli rus voevodebs xelSi Cauvar-

daT da is saqoneli dagvibruneT da damnaSaveebi dasajeTo1

guriisa da odiSis mTavrebis kazakebTan kargi urTi-

erTobiT da saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiroze maTTvis

kargi pirobebis Seqmnis gamo unda yofiliyo, rom XVII s.

10-ani wlebis dasawyisSi osmaleTma dasavleT saqarTvelos

zRvis sanapiros blokada moaxdina da ucxouri saqonlis,

kerZod, marilisa da rkinis Setana akrZala. am nacadma me-

Todma osmaleTisaTvis sasurveli Sedegi gamoiRo da 1614

wels guriisa da odiSis mTavrebma konstantinopolSi Tavi-

anTi elCebi gagzavnes molaparakebisa da zavis dasadebad,

razec qvemoT ufro vrclad iTqmeva.

pietro dela vales gvian gaugia: ès orni xalxni (gu-

rulebi da megrelebi_e.m.) erTmaneTs emoyvrebian; TviTon

polSis xelmwifes, rogorc amboben, aqvs am mTavrebTan mi-

wer-mowera. xSirad erTi qveynidgan meoreSi dadian savaWro

xomaldebi. am garemoebas SeiZleba didi Sedegi mohyves qar-

TvelebisaTvis, radganac yazaxebi dRes Savis zRvis batonebi

arian da bevrad Zlierni; polSis xelmwifes SeuZlian kidev

am gziT, romelic Zlier moklea, didad daexmaros qarTve-

lebs yovel gaWirvebaSi, romelsac maT miayeneben an sparse-

lebi, an Turqebi. qarTvelebs Tavis mxriT SeuZlianT maTis

navsadgurebiT da usaSiSo TavSesafar adgilebiT, romelnic

aqvsT zRvis napirebze, didad daexmaron yazaxebs maT saqme-

ebSi. amiT qarTvelebi Zlier gamosadegni iqnebian, Tu Cven

odesme didi ram saqme daviwyeT, zRviT an xmeleTiT, osmale-

Tisa da gansakuTrebiT konstantino-polis winaaRmdeg...~2.

kazakebis sakiTxi ruseT-iranis urTierTobaSi Tanda-

TanobiT seriozul problemadD gadaiqca. Sahis morCilma

1 Соловьев С. М., История России с древнейших времен, т. XII, М., 1880, с. 261. 2 pietro dela vale, gv. 57.

620

daRestnelma mflobelebma kazakebis Tavdasxmebis samagie-

rod ruseTis mimarT mtruli aqciebi wamoiwyes, rasac spar-

seli vaWrebis ruseTSi SviwroebiT amarTlebdnen. ruseT-

irans Soris xangrZlivi konfliqtis mogvareba moxerxda

mxolod 1662 wels1. kazakebisa da polonelebis SeiraRebu-

li Zalebis osmaleTis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebas cdilobda

Sah abasic. Mman werili gaugzavna reC pospolitis mefes,

romelSic igi Semdeg winadadebas sTavazobda: irani Tavisi

xarjiT Savi zRvis sanapiroze, guriis samTavros romelime

navsadgurTan, romelic trapizonis maxloblad mdebareobs,

erT cixe-simagres aagebda. Sahi iq Caayenebda yizilbaSTa

garnizons, romelic reC pospolitis mefes daemorCileboda.

Tavisi funqciis amowurvis Semdeg, cixe-simagre kazakebs ga-

dacemodaT. Sah abasi dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTav-

roebis xarjze kidev ufro Sorsac midioda: imereTis same-

fo, guriisa da odiSis samTavroebi politikurad reC pos-

politis samefos iurisdiqciaSi Sevidoda, xolo misi qris-

tiani mosaxleoba ki, kaTolikur eklesias daemorCilebo-

da2. rogorc Cans, Sah abasi romis paps entoni Sirlis xe-

liT gagzavnili werilSi pirdeboda antiosmaluri gegmis

mesame muxliT gaTvaliswinebulis Sesrulebas (?), romlis

mixedviTac iransa da misi gavlenis qveS myof qveynebSi

mcxovreb arakaTolike qristianebs, maT Soris qarTveleb-

sac, papis taxts daumorCilebda. magram es yvelaferi (guri-

aSi cixe-simagris ageba, qarTveli marTlmadideblebis ro-

misaTvis damorCileba), ra Tqma unda mxolod maSin moxde-

boda, rodesac Sah abasi saqarTvelos mTlian dapyrobas mo-

axdenda. amdenad, visac unda, rom Sah abasma danapirebi Sea-

srulos, xeli unda Seuwyon mis gabatonebas saqarTveloSi.

savaraudoa, Sahis werilma garkveuli efeqti moaxdina

reC pospolitis karze da amas unda mieweros mis morCile-

baSi myofi kazakebis elCis Casvla isfahanSi. am elCobasTan

1 Накашидзе Н. Т., Ук. труд., с. 170-172. 2 natroSvili T., maSriyiT maRribamde, Tb., 1991, gv. 235.

621

dakavSirebuli unda iyos 1616-1617 wlebSi saqarTvelos Savi

zRvis sanapiroze dnepris kazakTa 2 aTasiani razmis mos-

vla. maT napirze gadmosxes 40 kaci, romelsac daevala ad-

gilmdebareobis gacnoba da SesaZleblobis pirobebSi iran-

Si SahTan wasvla da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omSi daxmarebis

SeTavazeba1. savaraudoa, rom saqarTveloSi datovebuli ka-

zakebidan, ramdenime ispaanSi Cavida. amaze migvaniSnebs ira-

nis dedaqalaqSi Sah abasisa da kazakebis elCis Sexvedra

1618 wels. am Sexvedrisas gamoCnda Sah abasi rom did mniS-

vnelobas aniWebda kazakebs osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZola-

Si. man pirdapir ganucxada Tavis kariskacebs: èseni arian,

Sav zRvaze rom batonoben, mravali qalaqi rom daarbies da

auracxeli zarali rom miayenes osmaleTs. maT ZaluZT gag-

viwion didi samsaxuri, me msurs maTi samsaxuri~2.

kazakebi rom seriozul Zalas warmoadgendnen da os-

maleTis xelisufleba maTi Tavdasxmebis gamo zogjer pani-

kaSic ki iyo, amaze mogviTxrobs cnobili frangi mogzauri

da politikuri moRvawe lui dege de kurmeneni Tavis `mog-

zauroba levantSi~. imasac vigebT rogori didi gavleniT

sargeblobdnen frangebi da, kerZod, safrangeTis elCi os-

maleTis sataxtoSi. kurmeneni TviTon iyo mowme 1621 wels,

rodesac kazakebis Tavdasxmis SiSi hqondaT, Turqebi frang

vaWrebs avaldebulebdnen, rom maTTan erTad daecvaT deda-

qalaqi. Turqma didebulebma ki erTxel frang elCs sTxo-

ves, rom maTTvis TavSesafari mieca Tu kazakebi konstanti-

nopols aiRebdnen3.

imave saukunis 20-ian wlebSi pietro dela vale saqar-

TveloSi momaval don juzepe judiCes urCevda misionerebs

rogor unda moewesrigebinaT saqarTvelosa da roms Soris

1 cincaZe i., ukrainisa da saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriidan,

gv. 23-24. 2 natroSvili T., dasax. naSr., gv. 232. 3 Жордания Г., Очерки из истории франко-русских отношений, ч. II, Тб., 1959, с. 65.

622

mudmivi, Seuferxebeli da uxifaTo kavSiri werilebisa da

adamianebis aqeT-iqiT gasagzavnad. erTi SexedviT, wminda

teqnikur rCevebSi, rogor SeiZleboda saqarTvelo-romis

kavSiri ganxorcielebuliyo pirdapiri gagebiT, pietro de-

la vales sxva kidev serizuli Canafiqric hqonda: imis mi-

zeziT, rom osmaleTis saxelmwifos teritoriaze mogzau-

roba misionerebisaTvis saxifaTo iyo, am ukanasknelT unda

daeyoliebinaT Teimuraz mefe, rom mas savaWro urTierToba

daemyarebina reC pospolitasTan, rac SemdegSi gamoiwvevda

kaTolike mefis saqarTvelos saqmeebSi Cabmas. dela vale

werda: ài ratomaa Tqven wminda mamebo, valdebuli xarT ga-

moiyenoT yovelgvari saSualeba, raTa daiyolioT mefe (Te-

imurazi), gaxsnas gza da daamyaros savaWro urTierToba Sa-

vi zRvis saqarTvelos navsadgurebidan reC pospolitasTan,

romelsac aseve navsadgurebi aqvs Savi zRvis sanapiroze,

maT Soris, md. borisfenis (dnepris _ i. t.) SesarTavTan,

romlis napirebze cxovroben kazakebi _ reC pospolitis me-

fis morCili vasalebi. Sav zRvaze maT aqvT mravalricxova-

ni SesaniSnavi xarisxis SeiaraRebuli xomaldebi~1.

im dros yvela dainteresebuli politikosisaTvis ga-

sagebi iyo, rom kazakebsa da irans Soris damakavSirebeli

rgolis funqcia saqarTvelos unda Seesrulebina. zemoT

iTqva, pietro dela vales gegmis mixedviT, kazakebs SeiZle-

boda osmaleTze TavdasxmebisaTvis odiSisa da guriis sana-

piroze arsebuli portebi da simagreebi gamoeyenebinaT.

rogorc Cans, osmaleTis xelisufleba fxizlad adev-

nebda Tvals dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis da

kazakebis urTierTobas da, maSin, rodesac mefe-mTavrebi da

maTTan TavSefarebuli Teimuraz I osmaleTTan mSvidobasa

da mokavSireobaze laparakobdnen, kazakebTan kavSiris de-

monstrireba, mocemul etapze osmaleTTan diplomatiuri mo-

laparakebis konteqstSi ar jdeboda. amitomac iyo, rom ro-

desac cnobili gaxda imereTis samefoSi kazakebis yofnis


623

Sesaxeb, sulTnis daJinebuli moTxovniT, imereTis mefe gi-

orgi iZulebuli gaxda 40 kazaki osmalebisaTvis gadaeca1.M

kazakebi kvlav Tavs esxmodnen osmalebis mier dakave-

bul simagreebs Savi zRvis sanapiroze. savaraudoa, isini

mravalricxovani SeiaraRebuli ZaliT modiodnen, sxvanai-

rad ver SeZlebdnen osmalebis mier Zlier gamagrebuli ci-

xesimagris gonios aRebas.

CaiSala pietro dela vales da Sah abasis gegmebi

sparselebisa da kazakebis osmalebis winaaRmdeg erToblivi

brZolis Sesaxeb. Oorive gegmis mixedviT Canafiqri sicoc-

xlisunariani iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi Tu mas mxars dauWer-

da saqarTvelo. magram es is periodia, rodesac qarTvelo-

bam ukve ganicada Sah abasis mier Cadenili saSinelebani,

qarTveli politikosebi TviTon eZebdnen antisparsul Za-

las da, bunebrivia, isini Sah abasis osmaleTTan dapirispi-

rebis dros mas mokavSireebad ver gamoadgebodnen.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qarTveli mefe-mTavrebi moisurveb-

dnen reC pospolitasTan da kazakebTan kavSiris damyarebas,

maSin don pietro avitabile Tavis Tavze aiRebda romis pa-

pis mier zegavlenis moxdenas reC pospolitis mefeze, rom-

lis karze mudam imyofebodnen papis nunciebi. reC pospoli-

tis mefis keTilganwyobis SemTxvevaSi gaioldeboda gada-

adgileba Savi zRvispireTisaken, radgan mis samflobeloeb-

ze mogzauroba xelsayreli iyo, gza gadioda rogorc xme-

leTiT, ise mdinariT.

pietro dela vale imasac iTvaliswinebda, rom SeiZle-

boda, politikuri mosazrebiT, qarTvelebisaTvis ori mize-

ziT miuRebeli yofiliyo amgvari kavSiris legalurad dam-

yareba: `pirveli, kazakebi mtrulad arian gamwyobili Tur-

qebisadmi da amitom qarTvelebs, Turqebis pativiscemis ga-

mo (romlebic maT sWirdebaT Sav zRvaSi mogzaurobis

dros), ar undaT Tavi kazakebis megobrad gamoacxadon; meo-

re, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom kazakebi, romlebic mekobreo-

1 natroSvili T., dasax. naSr., gv. 234.

624

bas ewevian, odesRac, albaT, zians ayenebdnen qarTvelebs,

rogorc zRvaze, ise xmeleTze... rac Seexeba meores, is advi-

lad SeiZleba mogvardes reC pospolitisa da saqarTvelos

monarqebs Soris, keTilmegobruli urTierTobisa da kavSi-

ris damyarebis Sedegad. es urTierToba SeiZleboda Tavisi

avtoritetiT ganemtkicebina romis paps, romlis Semdeg ka-

zakebi araTu raime zians miayenebda maT, aramed maTi saxiT

qarTvelebs sasargeblo megobari eyolebodaT~1.

pietro dela vale, perspeqtivaSi, saqarTvelo-reC

pospolitis kavSiris ganmtkicebis kvalobaze, kazakebs ga-

moricxavda am urTierTobidan. saqarTvelosa da romisaTvis

saintereso sakiTxebi maTi monawileobis gareSe mogvarde-

boda. mosalodneli iyo osmaleTisgan mkacrad uaryofiTi

reaqcia saqarTvelo-reC pospolitis kavSiris gamo, magram

qarTvelebi Tavs gaimarTlebdnen imiT, rom maT Soris mxo-

lod savaWro urTierToba myardeboda. daideboda iseTi

xelSekruleba, romliTac reC pospolitis savaWro gemebi-

saTvis saqarTvelos navsadgurebi gaiReboda, xolo kazake-

bis samxedro xomaldebisaTvis ki daketili iqneboda. amgva-

ri xelSekruleba sulTnis kars daamSvidebda. magram imave

dros, gaxmaurebuli xelSekrulebis Tanadroulad, SeiZle-

boda dadebuliyo saidumlo xelSekrulebac, romlis mixed-

viTac saqarTvelo-reC pospolitis megobruli kavSiri gav-

rceldeboda Ria zRvaze da kazakebzec.

xelSekrulebis realurad gaformeba-ganxorcielebi-

saTvis misionerebs saqarTvelos mefesTan unda hqonebodaT

urTierToba, papTan ki don pietro avitabiles2.

sainteresoa, rom kazakebsa da reC pospolitas, ro-

gorc osmaleTis winaaRmdeg potenciur mokavSires, iTva-

liswinebdnen espaneTis samefo karzec. espaneTis mefisaTvis

Sedgenil moxsenebaSi (1627 w.) naTqvamia: osmaleTi imdenad

dasustebulia, rom mas èsxmian kazakebi, reC pospolitis

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., gv. 125-126. 2 iqve, gv. 126.

625

mefis qveSevrdomebi, romlebic Savi zRviT aRweven konstan-

tinopolamde~1. sxva espanur dokumentSi aRniSnulia, eqcpe-

diciaSi rogori galerebi miiRebs monawileobas espaneTis

mxridan. iqve naTqvamia, rom èrTdroulad SeiZleba imedi

gvqondes kazakebisa da reC pospolitis mefis sxva qveSev-

rdomebisa, romlebic dagvexmarebian TavianTi navebiT xal-

xis gadasayvanad sruteebze~2. reC pospolitis mefisa da ka-

zakebisagan daxmarebis imedi gamoTqmulia im dros, rode-

sac espaneTSi elCad imyofeba Teimuraz I-is elCi nikifore

irbaxi. man kargad icoda kazakebis saqmianoba Sav zRvaSi

da moxsenebaSi, romelic SeiZleba dawerili iyos espaneTis

samefo karze Tarjimanis, berZeni konstantine sofias mier,

Setanilia qarTveli elCis iniciativiT.

qarTvelebis kazakebTan urTierTobis erTi saintereso

cnoba dagvitova misionerma jovani juliano da lukam. igi,

1631 wlis zafxulSi, samegreloSi imyofeboda. erTxel, mTa-

var levan II dadianTan saubris dros, wamoiWra dadianis ka-

zakebTan da osmalebTan urTierTobis sakiTxi. mTavars mi-

sionerisaTvis ukiTxavs: rogor moepyros im 400 kazaks, rom-

lebic Turqebis samxedro galerebidan gaiqcnen da mis sa-

xelmwifoSi Seafares Tavi: aqcios isini tyveebad da gayi-

dos, Tu dasajos, radgan maT warsulSi ara erTxel gau-

ZarcvavT misi samflobeloebi. galerebis Turqi kapitnebi

moiTxovdnen maTs dabrunebas.

don jovani juliano da luka SeniSnavs, rom mTavars

Turqebisa ar eSinia, magram isini Wirdeba komerciuli miz-

nebiT: maTi saSualebiT iRebs marils, rkinas da sxva auci-

lebel saqonels. amitom dadianma Turqebs mxolod 48 kaza-

ki daubruna3, sxvebi ki, savaraudoa, TavisTan daitova.

1 dokumentebi, gv. 437 dok. #58. 2 iqve, gv. 433, dok. #63 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa, gv. 148; tabaRua i., dasax.

naSr., III, gv. 164-165.

626

don jovani juliano da lukas gadmocema odiSis sam-

TavroSi TavSefarebuli kazakebis Sesaxeb1, mafiqrebinebs,

rom levan II dadini kazakebs kvlav iyenebda osmaleTis xe-

lisuflebaze politikuri zemoqmedebisaTvis. dadians, kaza-

kebis sakiTxze italielTan saubris wamowyebiT, albaT,

imis gageba undoda, rogori reaqcia eqneboda romis papis

warmomadgenels, papisa, romelic Tavis antiosmalur intri-

gebSi kazakebis gamoyenebasac cdilobda. dadianma mision-

ers am magaliTiT uCvena Tavisi Zala, rom igi angariSs

uwevda osmalebs mxolod komerciuli intresebidan gamom-

dinare da imave dros mas SeeZlo kazakebs mopyroboda Ta-

visi survilisa da samTavros interesebis mixedviT.

gamoTqmuli mosazrebis safuZvlianobas, is rom levan

II dadiani osmalebTan urTierTobis gamwvavebas ar eridebo-

da da am mizniT mas kazakebis gamoyenebac SeeZlo, amtki-

cebs 1634 wlis 22 maiss stambolSi miRebuli erTi cnoba,

romlis mixedviTac `dadiani da gurieli SeTanxmdnen da

1 jovani da lukas 1630 wlis 19 maiss afxazeTSi, erT-erT eklesia-

Si unaxavs, rom `sakurTxevelze idga cexinebiTa da talerebiT

savse erTi fiala.… mRvdels vkiTxe: es fuli vin Semowira-meTqi.

man mipasuxa: es kazakebma gaakeTeso, e. i. imaT, vinc md. dunaiTa da

md. dnepriT navebiT Sav zRvaSi Semodian. isini Turqebsa da TaT-

rebs zians ayeneben. brundebian ra ukan, am eklesiaSi salocavad

modian da fulebs swiraven~. tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., III, gv. 156-157.

XVII s. pirvel mesamedSi qarTul samefo samTavroebi sakmaod in-

tensiurad urTierTobdnen reC pospolitasTan, amaze metyvelebs

saxvadasxva dros saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenili vercxlis

mcire nominalebi _ ortebi da poltorakebi. ix. qebulaZe r., evro-

puli monetebis mimoqceva saqarTveloSi XV-XVIII saukuneebSi, Tb.,

1971, gv. 111-123; quTelia T., evropuli monetebis ganZi kodaveTidan,

`qarTvelogia~, #2, Tb., 1008, gv.55-57; Джавахишвили Н., Малоизвестные страницы истории Грузино-Балтийских отношении (X-XVIII вв.). «Кавказ и глобализация». Журнал социально-политических и эконлмических исследований, т. 4, вып. 3-4, 2010б Швеция, с. 172-174.

627

iranisaken mibrundnen. Ddadianma Tavisi qaliSvili zagemis

gamgebels miaTxova~1.

1633 wlis dasasruli is periodia, rodesac levan da-

dianma Tavisi da mariami rostoms miaTxova. rac Seexeba mis

mier `zagemis~ anu kaxeTis gamgeblisaTvis Tavisi qaliSvi-

lis miTxovebas, rasac qaTib Celebi da mustafa naima gad-

mogvcemen, saeWvoa. ierusalimis jvris monasterSi nikifore

irbaxis mier dawerili aRapis mixedviT, levan II dadians

hyavda ori asuli – xuaramze da darejani2, magram araviTa-

ri cnoba ara gvaqvs romelime maTganis qorwinebis Sesaxeb

kaxeTis gamgebel selim-xanze, romelic 1634 wels Teimuraz

I-ma gaaZeva da kaxeTi daikava. savaraudoa, rom sulTnis ka-

ramde mitanil cnobaSi arasworad iyo gadmocemuli leva-

nis dis, mariamis rostomze gaTxovebis ambavi.

1633 wlis dasawyisSi rostom xanis yizilbaSTa jari

saqarTveloSi Semovida, gorSi mivida da cixis aRdgenas Se-

udga. mSenebloba ormoci dRe, agvistos Tvemde gagrZelda.

cixis aRdgena jer isev mimdinareobda, roca àxali mefe

(rostomi _ e. Mm.) jer qarTlSi ar iyo Casuli, rom ukve da-

dianis anu odiSis daze daqorwinebas cdilobda; am saqmeze

win da ukan elCebs agzavnida`3. 1634 w. maisis meore naxevarSi

(uflis amaRlebis dResaswaulis Semdeg) mariam dedofali

odiSisa da guriis didebulebis TanxlebiT gorSi movida4.

mariamisa da rostomis daqorwinebas didi politikuri

da saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba hqonda. Aes aqti mniSvnelova-

ni iyo pirvel rigSi odiSis samTavrosaTvis, romelic ros-

tomTan danaTesavebiT mokavSire xdeboda iranis Sahisa da

1 alasania g., qaTib Celebis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis

Sesaxeb. Turqulidan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi

daurTo g. alasaniam, Tb. 1978, gv. 236; Sengelia n., mustafa naimas

cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb, Tb., 1979, gv. 190. 2 Синодик Крестного Монастыря в Иерусалиме, изд. Н. Марр, СПБ, 1914, #49. 3 don pietro avitabile, gv. 27. 4 iqve, gv. 28.

628

Sesabamisad osmaleTis sulTnis mowinaaRmdege. axlad Camo-

yalibebul kavSirs SeiZleboda sabediswero Sedegi hqonoda

Teimuraz mefisa da imereTis mefe giorgisaTvis.

is, rac sulTnis karisaTvis 1634 wlis 22 maisis cno-

baSi bundovani iyo da kiTxvebs badebda gairkva mcire xnis

Semdeg axalcixis faSis stambolSi gagzavnili moxsenebiT:

`Cildiris (axalcixis) begis safaris cnobiT, irani, dadia-

ni da gurieli gaerTiandnen da 30 000-mde urwmuno saqar-

Tvelos mosaxleoba. dadasturda, rom dadianisa da gurie-

lis meSveobiT Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebare goniosa da

trapezuns safrTxe elodebao. amitom, aucilebelia xmele-

Tidan jarisa da samefo flotis gamogzavna, im mxaris dac-

va da dadianisa da guriis vilaieTebis darbevao~1.

amgvarad, sruliad naTeli iyo, rom qarTlis mefe ros-

tomis levan II dadianis daze daqorwinebiT gaformda anti-

osmaluri koalicia, romelSic Sevida irani, qarTlis same-

fo, odiSisa da guriis samTavroebi. Sah sefim jerovnad Sea-

fasa aRniSnul qorwineba da rostomisa da dadianis danaTe-

saveba. osmaleTTan omis pirobebSi, misi gavlenis qveS arse-

bul, Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebare odiSisa da guriis sam-

Tavroebs, didi strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda. ufro me-

tic, aqedan dakavSireba SeiZleboda osmaleTis mZlavr mowi-

naaRmdege kazakebTan da reC pospolitis samefosTan, yizil-

baSebisa da qarTvelebis maTTan gaerTianebuli ZaliT seri-

ozul problemebs Seuqmnida Savi zRvispireTSi arsebul os-

maleTis qalaqebsa da strategiul adgilebs. Aimave saqorwi-

no garigebis Sedegad Sahsa da rostoms mudmivad muqaris

qveS eyolebodaT imereTSi gadaxvewili da sulTnis moime-

ded myofi Teimuraz I da misi mokavSire imereTis mefe. Aam

garemoebasac Sahi aranakleb mniSvnelobas aniWebda. Aamito-

mac iyo, rom rodesac rostomma levan dadianTan danaTesave-

ba gadawyvita, misi am gadawyvetilebis didi politikuri

1 Aalasania g., dasax. naSr., gv. 236; Sengelia n., dasax, naSr., gv. 190-

191.

629

mniSvneloba farsadan gorgijaniZem mxolod erT winadadeba-

Si moaTavsa: `(rostom _e.m.) mefem yaens Cafari gaugzavna da

dadianis moyvroba Ãemwifes gaaSinjvina. Mmisgan brZaneba da

saqorwilo mouvida, rome kargi giqniao~1

Sah sefim levan dadianis mokavSireoba didad daafasa.

imave istorikosis mixedviT, òrmocdaaTi aTasi marCili

Sahsefi yaens gamoegzavna levan dadianisaTvis. is miarTves

da weliwadSi aTasi Tumani jamagiri gaeCina dadianisaTvis`.

Yyaens arc rostomi CamorCa guluxvobaSi da odiSis dide-

bulebis gulis mogebis mizniT, àmaebs umravles rostom

mefem miarTva da dadiansa da odiSarT berTa da mRrdelTa,

TavadTa da aznaurTa da karis moÃeleTa da gamrigeTa da

mosamsaxureTa, didTa da mcireTa, yvelaT TavianT wesiTa

da SeferebiTa miarTves`2.

kazakebis Sav zRvaSi moqmedebisa da maTdami qarTve-

lebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb saintereso, magram bundova-

ni cnobebi dagvitova Turqma mogzaurma evlia Celebim. misi

gadmocemiT 1647 wlis Semodgomaze kazakebi moulodnelad

Tavs daesxnen gonios cixes da aiRes3.

evlia Celebis mixedviT, gonios cixe mdebareobda os-

maleTis saxelmwifos da samegrelos sazRvarze, romelsac

`cixisTavi da xuTasamde mecixovne hyavs. erTi aseuli maRa-

li karis ianiCrebi, rvaasi meomari da maTi Corbajiebi dRe

da Ram morigeobiT icaven... cixe zRvis napirze mdebare

oTxkuTxa, mtkice qvis Senobaa. Kkazakebi mravaljer daes-

xnen Tavs, qoneba davlaT Tan waiRes, moaoxres da daangri-

es~4. rogorc Cans, gonios cixe kargad gamagrebuli iyo da

sakmaod mravlricxovani damcvelic hyavda. aseTnairad ga-

magrebuli cixesimagris aRebas mxolod bevrad meti mom-

xvduri Tu SeZlebda.

1 Ffarsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 241. 2 iqve, gv. 241-242. 3 evlia Celebi, gv. 323. 4 iqve, gv. 94.

630

evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wignis~ mTargmnelisa da

gamomcemlis g. fuTuriZis mixedviT, kazakebma gonios cixe

aiRes 1647 wlis Semodgomaze1. TariRi daazusta T. tivaZem.

misi azriT, kazakebis mier gonios aReba, osamlebisagan misi

dabruneba da am faqtTan dakavSurebuli sxva ambebi, rom-

lebzec evlia Celebi mogviTxrobs, moxda imave wlis seq-

tember-oqtomberSi2.

gonios cixis osmalebis mier dabrunebasTan dakavSire-

bul ambebSi gasarkvevia qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis pozi-

cia da osmaleTTan da kazakebTan urTierTobis sakiTxi.

arzrumis faSam seidi ahmedma, rodesac gonioze kaza-

kebis Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb Seityo, sulTnis brZanebas ar dae-

loda da, sakuTari iniciativiT, goniosken gaSura da gza-

dagza jars hkrebda. sul male àTasi rCeuli, msubuqad wa-

mosuli, SeiaraRebuli meomari Segrovda~. mas gzadagza ki-

dev uerTdebodnen. ìm adgilas, sadac trapizonis sazRvre-

bidan gonios sazRvrebSi SevediT, samegrelos jarebs Sev-

xvdiT. seidi ahmed-faSasTan movidnen da yvelas pativi mie-

go. movida sami aTasamde Cacmul-daxuruli, SeiaraRebuli

TaviTfexebamde cisfer rkinaSi Camjdari, xelSubiani, qehei-

lanis cxeniani, gveleSapiviT [vaJkaci] megreli aznauri,

aTasamde qveiTi meTofe da qarTveli warCinebulebi. eseni

garegnobiT sxvadasxvanairi iyvnen. zogi Tmagawewili iyo,

zogi TmaxuWuWi. ormoc-ormocdaaT wlisanebsac ki wveri

gaparsuli hqondaT da saocari gamometyvelebisani iyvnen.

ase warsdgnen. koja yazi seidis ahmed-faSam dauyvava, yovel

maTgans aRTqma misca da miesiyvarula~3.

osmalTa jarSi sxva qarTvelebic yofilan. goniosaken

mimaval osmalebs `TorTumis gzaze~ Sexvedrili samegrelos

da gurjistanis qveiTi jari SeuerTda; samegrelodan meg-

1 iqve, nakv. II, gamokvleva, komentarebi, Tb.,1973, gv. 115. 2 tivaZe T., kazakebis mier gonios cixis aRebisa da qarTvelebTan

maTi urTierTobis Sexeb. `macne~, istoriis, arqeoligiis, eTnogra-

fiisa da xelovnebis istoriis seria, #1, Tb., 1977, gv. 77. 3 evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wigni~, nakv. I, gv. 323.

631

relTa erTi nawili lazuri `meneqisla~1 navebiTac misulan.

gonios cixe ukve aRebuli iyo, rodesac `samxrobis Jams

zRvaSi ormoci-ormocdaaTi lazuri `meneqisla~ navi gamoC-

nda. rom modiodnen, Sig myofebma dainaxes, rom cixe muhame-

dis xalxiTaa savse da mis gareTac karvebSi amdeni osmalo

meomaria dabanakebuli; erTimeoris miyolebiT iwyes navebis

ukan gabruneba. eseni iyvnen urCi aznaurebi, romlebic cixeSi

[myofi] kazakebis dasaxmareblad modiodnen... saRamomde gagr-

Zelebuli didi brZola Seiqna. ormocdaSvidi navi daipyres...

navebSi myofni tyed Cavardnen~. osmalebis dasaxmareblad mo-

vidnen axalcixis faSa safari, imereTSi myofi Teimuraz I-is,

imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-is (1639-1660) da levan II dadia-

nis vaJebi2 6 aTasi `guladi qarTveli meomriT~. amis Semdeg

`mosvla iwyo sursaTma gurjistanis, samegrelos, baTumis,

lazistanis sanjayebidan~3.

gonioSi saqmeebis mogvarebis Semdeg seidi ahmed-faSam

TaTbiri moiwvia da ganacxada: ès samegrelo trapizonis

vilaieTis mbrZaneblobaSia da maSin, rodesac saWiro iyo

CvenTvis maSveli Zalis gamogzavna, kazakebs dauWires mxari

da fadiSahs ganudgnen... amdeni aTasi kazaki da megreli

tyve ki [sulTnis] taxts mivarTvi, magram axla, rodesac es

didebulTa krebuli amxedrebuli islamis jarisa mzadaa,

rogor viZioT Suri megrel urjuloebze... rogorc ki saq-

mis ganxilva daiwyo, gurjistanis ganmgebelma safar-faSa-

mac megrelebisadmi Tavisi siZulvilis gamosaxatavad Tqva:

ìslamis laSqris qveiTi da cxenosani jari megrelebs Se-

vusioT. Cveni, axalcixisa da gurjistanis gmirebi megzure-

1 meneqisla _ `lazebisa da megrelebis didi navebi~, romlebsac

Turqebic iyenebdnen zRvis napirebze da mdinareebze curvisaTvis.

iqve, nakv. II, gv. 173. 2 v. fuTuriZis azriT, dasaxelebuli mefeebi piradad exmarebod-

nen osmalebs. iqve, nakv. II, gv. 115. 3 iqve, nakv. I, gv. 326-327.

632

bad mivceT da saRvTo omis nadavli maTac gavuziaroT~1. am-

gvarad, gadawyda `megrelebis~ akleba.

rogorc zemoT iTqva, osmalebs odiSis samTavro ja-

riT exmareboda. maS osmalebs visze unda eZiaT Suri? zogi-

erTi mkvlevari fiqrobs, rom evlia Celebi megrelebSi gu-

rulebs gulisxmobs2. vfiqrob sruliad sarwmunod gamoik-

vlia T. tivaZem, rom kazakebs exmarebodnen ara megrelebi,

aramed WaneT-lazeTis mosaxleobis mxolod erTi nawili3.

cixis aRebis faqti gviCvenebs, rogor radikalurad

Seicvala qarTveli mefe-mTavrebis damokidebuleba kazake-

bisadmi, rogorc antiosmaluri Zalisadmi. magram mainc mgo-

nia gasarkvevia, am dros ramdenad aqtiurad monawileobda

iranis mokavSire odiSis samTavro, osmaleTis samxedro aq-

ciaSi. xom ar urevia odiSis mTavris xeli Waneb-lazebis

antiosmalur gamosvlaSi. ratom uwodebs evlia Celebi Wa-

nebsa da lazebs megrelebs? samwuxarod, am kiTxvebze pasu-

xi, jerjerobiT, ar aris.

XVII s. 50-ian wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos im poli-

tikosebma, romlebic dapirispirebulni iyvnen levan dadian-

Tan, scades kazakebi gamoeyenebnaT odiSis samTavros wina-

aRmdeg. amis Sesaxeb aleqsandre III ruseTis xelmwife aleq-

si mixeilis Zes sTxovda 1651 wels4.

aseTive Txovnas vnaxulobT aleqsandre imerTa mefis

1651 wlis 14 seqtembris im werilSi, romelic Sedgenili

iyo qarTveli elCebis moskovSi saxelmZRvanelod5. igive

Txovna gameorebulia imave mefis mier moskovSi 1656 wels

gagzavnil sigelSi6.

1 iqve, gv. 330. 2 surgulaZe a., saqarTvelo-ukrainis urTierTobis istoriidan (ka-

zakebi gonios cixeSi). krebulSi: `Из истории украино-грузинских связей~, III, Тб., 1975, с. 38. 3 tivaZe T., dasax. naSr., gv. 79. 4 nikifore toloCanovi, gv. 140-141. 5 Переписка, с. 66-67. 6 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 460.

633

levan II dadiani da nikifore irbaxi levan II dadianis sagareo politikis wammarTveli ni-

kifore irbaxi iyo.

misionerebis werilebis mixedviT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

nikiforem Teimuraz mefe manamde miatova da odiSSi gadavi-

da, vidre rostom xani didi jariT qarTlSi Semovidoda da

Teimurazi imereTs Seefareboda.

sayuradReboa, rom nikifore arasodes ar misdevs da

saerTod ar imyofeba devnil TeimurazTan. roca Teimurazi

Sah abasis mier devnilia, nikifore ierusalimSi imyofeba;

rostom mefem gandevna Teimurazi, nikifore levan II dadi-

nis samsaxurSi Cadga.

levan II dadianis da nikifores daaxloeba unda mom-

xdariyo am ukanasknelis evropidan dabrunebisTanave. mas,

vidre Teimurazs eaxleboda, manamde samegreloze gauvlia.

rogorc iTqva, patrma jovani juliano da lukam 1629 wlis

12 ivliss, dadianTan vaxSmobisas, sufrasTan naxa nikoloz

qarTveli, igive nikifore irbaxi. ueWvelia dadiani, romel-

sac maSin ukve daZabuli urTierToba hqonda imereTisa da

qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebTan, Seecdeboda nikifore Tavisken ga-

daebirebina. avitabiles mixedviT, rostom xanis qarTlSi

Semosvlamde rva dRiT adre, Teimurazma nikifore sulTan-

Tan gaagzavna yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg daxmarebis saTxovne-

lad1. magram imis gamo, rom nikiforem rostomis mier didi

jariT qarTlis dakaveba da Teimurazis imereTSi gaqceva

gaigo (SeiZleba, mas adreve hqonda ganzraxuli Teimurazi-

sagan wasvla), is mefes gadaudga da mis mowinaaRmdegeebs _

levan II dadians da rostom xans miemxro. zemoT ukve moyva-

nili iyo erT-erTi rusuli wyaros cnoba, saidanac gavigeT

rogor epyroboda Teimuraz I sxvadasxva qveynebSi gagzav-

nil im elCebs, romlebic Tavis droze da misTvis sasurve-

li SedegiT ar dabrundebodnen. albaT nikiforesac aseTi

1 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 21.

634

bedi eloda, miT umetes, rom Teimurazs mis mimarT sakmaoze

metad eWvianobis sababi hqonda. nikiforem Tavi Seafara, Te-

imurazisa da misi imereli mokavSireebis mowinaaRmdege,

odiSis mTavars. Znelia garkveva ras emyareboda i. anTela-

va, rodesac werda, rom nikifore ColoyaSvils arasodes

Seuwyvetia Teimuraz I-Tan kavSirio1. aseTi kavSiris amsaxve-

li araviTari cnoba ar gagvaCnia.

rogorc cnobilia, rostomma iranis mxardaWeriT, ro-

melsac osmaleTis poziciebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi Se-

susteba da misi imereli momxreebis ganeitraleba surda,

odiSis mTavarTan damoyvreba ganizraxa da 1633 wels moci-

qulebi gaugzavna. levan dadiani kmayofili Sexvda winada-

debas Tavisi da mariami rostomisaTvis mieTxovebia. man Ta-

vis mxrivac, garigebis dasasruleblad, Tavisi mociqulebi

qarTlSi gagzavna. qarTuli wyaroebi ar gvamcnoben, magram

misionerebis mixedviT, dadianis wargzavnilebs Soris iyo

nikifore ColoyaSvilic. don pietro avitabiles Tu davu-

jerebT, nikifore, rostomis miwveviT, qarTlSi gadavida.

mis 1633 wlis 1 agvistos werilSi naTqvamia: `xalxSi xma

dadis, rom (rostoms-e.m.) misi (nikifore-e. m.) patriarqad

dasma undao~2. nikiforem uari Tqva am winadadebaze.

avitabile simarTles unda gadmogvcemdes. rostoms,

gamocdil politikossa da saxelmwifo moRvawes, ecodine-

boda vin iyo ColoyaSvilebis cnobili gvaris es warmomad-

geneli da rogor SeiZleboda nikifores gamoyeneba Tavisi

jer kidev aramyari mdgomareobis gansamtkiceblad. marTa-

lia, nikiforem misi winadadeba ar miiRo, magram qarTlis

mefesTan kargi urTierToba mainc SeinarCuna, albaT, imito-

mac, rom aseTi iyo misi batonis levanis politika maSinde-

li qarTlis samefos mimarT.

nikifore qarTlidan samegreloSi gadavida 1633 w. 24

oqtombers da Tan waiyvana ori patri – judiCe da lamber-

1 anTelava i., levan II dadiani, Tb., 1990, gv. 108. 2 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi..., gv. 21.

635

ti1. nikifores qarTlSi vxedavT 1634 wels, magram ar Cans

ra mizniT imyofeboda. savaraudoa, is levan dadianis raime

davalebas asrulebda rostomis karze. odiSis mTavari ros-

tomis saSualebiT ukavSirdeboda iranis Sahs, romelic kma-

yofilebiT Sexvda rostomis dadianTan damoyvrebis gan-

zraxvas. Sah sefim odiSis mTavars yovelwliuri jamagiric

ki dauniSna. rostomisa da dadianis damoyvreba xom imereT-

Si gadaxvewili Teimurazis, imereTis mefe giorgi III-is da

misi vaJis – aleqsandres winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli. Sahs

osmaleTTan momaval omSi, dadianis saxiT, mokavSire egu-

leboda. dadiansac awyobda aseTi kavSiri. is, qarTlis same-

fosi da iranis mxardaWeriT didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ime-

reTs iklebda da pirvelobda dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

nikifore ColoyaSvili, levan II dadianis mrCeveli da

Tanamzraxveli unda yofiliyo. amis Tqmis safuZvels gvaZ-

levs mTavris mier gatarebuli saSinao da sagareo politi-

kuri kursi, misi diplomatiuri manevrebis gacnoba da ana-

lizi (odiSSi kaTolikuri misiis daarseba, orientacia

iranze, evropasa da irans Soris saSuamavlo vaWrobis pro-

eqtis Sedgena, odiSis samTavros ekonomikuri gaZliereba,

misi saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi CarTva da sxv.).

nikifore ColoyaSvilma maSindel saqarTveloSi yve-

laze kargad uwyoda risi miRweva SeiZleboda dasavleT ev-

1 iqve, gv. 29. m. TamaraSvils gadmocemuli aqvs is marSruti, rom-

liTac nikiforem da misionerebma goridan odiSis samTavromde ga-

iares. es marSrutic, garkveuli gagebiT, warmodgenas gviqmnis im

politikur situaciaze, romelic arsebobda saqarTveloSi XVII s.

30-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi. nikiforesa da misionerebTan erTad

odiSSi midioda rostom mefis elCi dadianTan, Tbilelic. mgzav-

rebi Cveulebrivi gziT ver wavidnen, radgan qarTlidan imereTSi

gadasasvleli gzebi Teimurazs hqonda gadaketili, amitom isini

iZulebulni gaxdnen ufro saimedo, sparselebis mier dapyrobili

axalcixis gziT wasuliyvnen (sparselebi xom rostomis da dadia-

nis mokavSireebi iyvnen) da guriaze gavliT odiSSi Casuliyvnen.

TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa saqarTveloSi, gv. 170-171.

636

ropasTan urTierTobaSi. man sakuTari gamocdilebiT icoda,

rom evropaSi qarTvelebi ver moipovebdnen samxedro-poli-

tikur daxmarebas, sruliad gamoricxuli iyo iranis wina-

aRmdeg mokavSiris SeZena, miT umetes, rom odiSis mTavars

amgvari mokavSire saerTod ar sWirdeboda. gabedulad SeiZ-

leba iTqvas rom nikifore irbaxma seriozuli roli

Seasrula jer dadianisa da rostom mefis daaxloebaSi,

rac levanis dis qarTlis mefeze gaTxovebiT ganmtkicda da

Semdeg ki levanis iranis mfarvelobaSi SesvlaSi. nikifore

unda yofiliyo mTavris mTavari mrCeveli sagareo politi-

kis sakiTxebSi.

levan dadianma nikifores wyalobiT isic icoda, rom

evropasTan mxolod savaWro urTierTobis damyareba da am

gziT samTavros ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba Se-

iZleboda. Tu pietro dela vales vendobiT, XVII s. 20-ian

wlebSi, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mxriv, gasagebi mizezebis

gamo, dasavleT saqarTvelo ukeTes mdgomareobaSi iyo vid-

re aRmosavleTi. `danarCeni qarTvelni mTavrebi, ese igi ime-

reTisa, odiSisa da guriisa, yovelTvis ayvavebulni iyvnen

da exla kidev ufro ayvavebulan... ors maTgans, odiSis da

guriis mTavrebs, aqvT samTavroebi Savi zRvis piraT da ami-

tom maT ufro miwvdebian Turqis jarebi. magram samagieros

es mdgomareoba maTTvis Zlier sasargeblodac hrCeba. imaT

didi vaWroba aqvT konstantinopolTan da mTel saberZneT-

Tan abreSumisa da sxva rameebisa~1.

pietro dela vales mixedviT, odiSis samTavroSi re-

gularulad daiarebodnen evropeli vaWrebi. konstantinopo-

lidan samegreloSi yovel dRe midiodnen xomaldebi. `saWi-

roa (konstantinopolSi _e.m.) Casxdnen saqarTvelos erT-

erT mxareSi _ samegreloSi mimaval xomaldSi, sadac kon-

stantinopolidan yoveldRe midian xomaldebi. Cveulebri-

vad konstantinopolis navsadgurSi SeiZleba Sexvde fran-

gebs momavals kunZul xiosidan, romlebic Cveulebriv Cadi-

1 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi..., gv. 56.

637

an samegreloSi da bevri maTgani laparakobs italiurad.

romelime maTgani, Tu sando pirovneba iqneboda, SeiZleboda

megzurad aeyvanaT. Tu aseTi ram ar moxerxdeboda, maSin Se-

iZleboda aeyvanaT romelime berZeni qristiani, romlebic

yovelTvis Tavs iyrian kaTolikuri qveynebis saelCoebis

garSemo konstantinopolSi. SeiZleba megzurad aiyvanon ro-

melime qarTveli, romelnic yovelTvis arian konstantino-

polSi. isini xSirad TavadiSvilebi arian. aseT qarTvelTan

megobrobis damyareba Zalian kargi iqneboda~1.

odiSis samTavroSi vaWrobisa da fulis mimoqcevis sa-

valalo mdgomarobaze saintereso cnobebi Semogvinaxa ar-

qanjelo lambertim. odiSis samTavrodan eqsportis mTavar

`saqonels~ adamianebi warmoadgendnen2.

moRweuli cnobebiT sruliad naTeli xdeba, rom le-

van dadianis evropasTan urTierTobis damyarebis mTavari

motivi mis samTavroSi ucxoeli vaWrebisa mozidva da vaW-

robis ganviTareba iyo. am miznis ganxorcielebisaTvis mas

sazRvao gzis gamoyeneba undoda, mxolod stambolis gver-

dis avliT. am saqmeSi misi mTavari mrCevlebi iyvnen nikifo-

re irbaxi da kaTolike misionerebi. juzepe judiCe gadmog-

vcems, rom levan dadiani `xSirad Tavis amaliT movidoda

da Cvens (misionerebis _e.m.) axlos dasdgamda Tavis karavs

Cveni siyvarulisaTvis, raTa ufro advilad esaubrna Cven-

Tan da TavisTan mixmobiT ar SevewuxebineT. xSirad dawvri-

lebiT vlaparakobT sxva da sxva sasargeblo saqmisaTvis

da yvelafers gulmodginebiT ismens~3.

juzepe judiCes Canawerebidan mcire rames mainc vi-

gebT levan dadianis savaWro-ekonomikuri intresis Sesaxeb.

misi gadmocemiT, `mTavar dadians yovelTvis survili hqon-

da vaWrebi moeyvana da Tavis samTavroSi daesaxlebina. Za-

lian surda Soreuli saxelmwifoebidan vaWrebi da savaWri

1 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 214-215. 2 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 156-158. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 189.

638

saqoneli moezida... Cvens patrebTan saubarSi dadianma cxo-

veli interesi gamoamJRavna: Tu SesaZlebeli iqneboda, kon-

stantinopolidan zogierTi mdidari venecieli vaWris Ca-

moyvana, maSin daavaldebulebda maTTvis sxva saqonlis gar-

da, abreSumis miyidvas mTlad mis samTavrodan, agreTve na-

wilobriv iranisasac. amisaTvis, vinc Savi zRviT abreSumiT

vaWrobas mohkidebda xels, maTTvis vaWrebi abreSums irani-

dan da somxeTidan odiSSi Caitandnen naxevar fasze ufro

iafad, vidre halabSi gadasatanad dasWirdebodaT. amgvarad

naRd mogebas naxaven is vaWrebi, romelnic mTavris sabaJo-

dan gahyidian saqonels da frankebic, romlebic iafad Ses-

yidul saqonels zRviT Caitanen safrangeTSi~1.

levan dadianma Tavisi Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad

misioneri don pietro avitabile konstantinopolSi gagzav-

na, sadac is veneciis elCs Sexvda. es ukanaskneli avitabi-

les Sepirda, rom odiSis samTavroSi gagzavnida veneciel

vaWars jeronimo de tomazos, magram osmaleTsa da veneciis

respublikas Soris urTierTobis garTulebis Sedegad wa-

mowyeba veRar ganxorcielda. Sedegi ver gamoiRo dadianis

sxva mcdelobamac2.

Sah abas I-is aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mimarT gatare-

bul ekonomikur politikaze msjelobisas, iTqva rom Sahis

RonisZiebebis Sedegad gamococxlebul iranis vaWrobasTan

erTad, gamococxlda saqarTvelo-iranis vaWrobac, saqarT-

velos savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierToba mezobel da Sore-

ul qveynebTan. iranTan savaWro urTierToba hqonda dasav-

leT saqarTvelos qalaqebsac. saqarTvelos Sida da saga-

reo savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobis amsaxveli saintere-

so masalebi dagvitoves ucxoelebma (arqanjelo lamberti,

don juzepe judiCe, Jan Sardeni).

1 don juzepe judiCe milaneli, werilebi saqarTveloze. XVII sa-

ukunis italiuri teqsti Targmna, winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi da-

urTo b. giorgaZem, Tb., 1964, gv. 56. 2 iqve.

639

levan dadianisaTvis cnobili iqneboda, rom XVI sauku-

nis bolodan saqarTvelodan iranSi gahqondaT nedli abre-

Sumi1 da sxva saqonelic. Sah abasi piradad dainteresebuli

iyo nedli abreSumiT vaWrobis Tavis xelSi koncentrirebiT,

radgan masze, dasavleT evropis mTel rig saxelmwifoebSi,

didi moTxovnileba iyo2. levan dadianma procesis mimarTu-

lebis Secvla ganizraxa: abreSumi saqarTvelodan iranSi ki

ar gasuliyo, piriqiT, iranidan saqarTveloSi, kerZod odi-

Sis samTavros gavliT, gasuliyo evropaSi. vfiqrob am gegmis

ganxorcielebisaTvis dadiani iranis mxridan, rogorc mokav-

Sirisagan dabrkolebas ar waawydeboda. odiSis mTavris va-

Wrebi abreSums iafad Semoitandnen, evropeli vaWrebic did

mogebas naxavdnen samegreloSi SeZenili abreSumiT.

iranTan vaWrobisaTvis didi mniSvnelobis miniWebis ga-

mo iyo, rom levan dadianma Tavisi vaWrebis iranuli fuliT

uzrunvelyofisaTvis daaarsa zarafxana, sadac iranuli niS-

nis fuls Wridnen3. satranzito vaWrobis xelSewyobis miz-

niT mTavarma 1635-1636 wlebSi axlad daarsebul qalaq ruxSi

Caasaxla imereTidan gadasuli somxebi da ebraelebi. levan

dadianma ìZulebuli gaxada sacxovreblad gadmosuliyo sa-

megreloSi asi somexi da ebraeli vaWari: cdunebiTa da mot-

yuebiT mravali Turqi vaWaric daiyolia imave pirobaze~4.

qristoforo de kastelis gadmocemiT ki somxebisa da ebrae-

lebis odiSis samTavroSi gadasaxleba maTi surviliT, yo-

1 kucia k., qarTuli abreSumis warmoebis istoriidan (XVII sauku-

nis pirveli meoTxedi). àxloaRmosavluri krebuli~, Tb., 1983, gv.

134-139. rogorc kaTolike misioneri melSior duS anJuSi werda

(1614 w.) abreSumi saqarTvelos mTavari simdidre iyo. dokumentebi,

gv. 376, #43. 2 saqarTvelo-sparseTis savaWro-ekonomikur urTierTobaze ix., ka-

citaZe d., axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebTan da ruseTTan saqarTve-

los savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobis istoriidan (XVII-XVIII ss.),

Tb., 1992. 3 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 156. 4 don judiCe juzepe milaneli, gv. 55.

640

velgvari Zaldatanebis gareSe moxda. ufro metic: `mravali

somexi jariskaci, agreTve, iudevelebic dadians exmarebod-

nen (giorgi mefesTan brZolaSi _e.m.). iudevelebic da somxe-

bic didi xnidan cdilobdnen dadianTan ecxovraT kolx

xalxTa Soris. maT saqmianobas Cveulebisamebr vaWroba Sead-

genda. imereTis mefem marTlac darTo neba maTi iq gadasvli-

sa, Tu ki es SesaZlebeli iqneboda~1. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT

levan dadianis vaWrobis ganviTrebisaTvis zrunva-xelisSew-

yobas, maSin ufro misaRebi unda iyos kastelis versia, rom

somexi da ebrali vaWrebi TavianTi surviliT gadasaxldnen

odiSis samTavroSi axlad daarsebul qalaq ruxSi.

arqanjelo lamberti, levan dadianis saerTaSoriso

vaWrobaSi Tavisi samTavros Cabmisadmi interesze aRniSnavs,

rom `dadianma srulebiT ganaaxla qveyana imiT, rom mrava-

li ucxo xalxi moiwvia, gansakuTrebiT somxebi da ebraele-

bi, romlebic Zlier etanebian vaWrobas. maT aZlevda cxeneb-

sa da fuls da gzavnida iransa da TurqeTSi, raTa im qvey-

nebidan moetanaT odiSSi mravali savaWro~2

lambertis gadmocema mravalmxriv sayuradReboa. gasa-

gebia, rom levan dadiani evropasTan savaWro urTierTobis

damyarebas Savi zRviT apirebda, magram es Zalze zogadi

naTqvamia. ra Tqma unda, levan dadiani Tavisi mokavSire

iranis intersebs gaiTvaliswinebda da qarTuli da iranuli

abreSumis evropaSi gatanisas osmaleTis sanapiro qalaqe-

bis da bosforisa da dardanelis sruteebiT sargeblobas

gamoricxavda, raTa osmaleTis xazinas damatebiTi Semosav-

li ar mieRo.

levan dadians rom evropasTan aRmosavleTis damakavSi-

rebeli tradiciuli gziT vaWrobis ganzraxva ar hqonda, ama-

Si gvarwmunebs pietro dela vales oriode arapirdapiri cno-

ba. mas gaugia, rom mokavSire gurieli da dadiani reC pospo-

litis mefesTan megobrobdnen da miwer-mowerac hqondaT.

1 don qristoforo de kasteli, gv. 51. 2 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 156.

641

reC pospolitis mefes farTo savaWro urTierToba

hqonda samegrelosa da guris samTavroebTan, erTi qveynidan

meoreSi savaWro xomaldebi xSirad dadiodnen. rogorc pi-

etro dela vale ambobs, àm garemoebas SeiZleba didi Sede-

gi mohyves qarTvelebisaTvis, radganac yazaxebi dRes Savi

zRvis batonebi arian da bevrad Zlierni; polSis xelmwi-

fes SuZlia kidev am gziT, romelic Zlier moklea, didad

daexmaros qarTvelebs yovel gaWirvebaSi...~1.

donis kazakebi osmaleTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili

reC pospolitis mefis vasalebi iyvnen. es garemoeba kidev

ufro mosaxerxebels xdida irani_qarTlis samefo_odiSis

samTavro_Savi zRva_dnepri_reC pospolitis gziT centra-

lur da dasavleT evropasTan naklebi xifaTiT da mokle

droSi dakavSirebas. aRniSnuli gziT sargeblobis idea im-

denad gaziarebuli iyo reC pospolitis mTavrobis mier,

rom man specialurad mimarTa iranis Sahs, rom mis vaWrebs

saqarTvelosa da Savi zRvis gzebiT evloT.

Znelia imis Tqma, ramdenad icnobda levan dadiani ev-

ropasTan damakavSirebeli axali savaWro gzis amuSavebis

gegmas, rodesac igi venecieli vaWrebis odiSis samTavroSi

Camoyvanaze ocnebobda, magram daujereblad meCveneba, rom aRniSnuli gzis eqsploataciis survili erTmaneTisagan da-moukideblad, erTsa da imave dros gaCnda iranSi, reC pos-politasa da odiSis samTavroSi. usafuZvlo ar iqneba Tu vivaraudebT, rom dasaxelebuli qveynebis meTaurebs Soris,

aRniSnul sakiTxze kontaqtebi arsebobda. evropaSi rom am

gzis iranTan vaWrobisaTvis gamoyenebaze ukve msjelobdnen,

kargad Cans reC pospolitisa da Sveciis mefeebis mier

golSteinis hercogisaTvis gagzavnili sigelebidan. dasaxe-

lebuli mefeebi hercogs winadadebas aZlevdnen saqarTve-

losa da Sav zRvaze gamavali gziT emogzauraT iranSi. ama-

ve gzis amuSavebis mizniT reC pospolitis mefem iranSi gag-

1 pietro dela vale, gv. 57; tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 47.

642

zavna Tavisi warmomadgeneli Senbergi1.

ar unda dagvaviwydes rom am gziT erTxel ukve imgzav-

ra romidan saqarTvelosken momavalma nikifore irbaxma. ni-

kifores mier varSavidan gamgzavrebis dResve (1629 w. 14 apri-

li) poloneli arqiepiskoposi romSi acnobebda, rom nikifo-

res varSavaSi saqmiani Sexvedrebi da saubrebi hqonda yvela

mTavar moxelesTan, visTanac Sexvedra da saubari surda2.

amiT imis Tqma minda, rom nikifore irbaxi levan dadia-

nis saxlTuxucesi da sagareo politikis mTavari eqsperti

iyo da sakmaod myari warmodgena hqonda imaze rasac mTavars

urCevda. araviTari saWiroeba ar iyo imisa, rom levan dadi-

ans nikifore irbaxi xelaxla gaegzavna reC pospolitaze ga-

mavali gzis dasazverad, rogorc m. svaniZe varaudobs3.

levan dadiani moqmedebis kaci iyo. Canafiqris gansa-

xorcieleblad 1638 wlis axlo xanebSi odiSis misiis pre-

feqti don pietro avitabile konstantinopolSi gagzavna,

raTa veneciis respublikis elCis saSualebiT veneciel vaW-

rebs dakavSireboda. avitabile Sexvda elCs da daxmarebis

dapireba miiRo, magram sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo SeTanxmeba

veRar Sesrulda4.

amis Semdeg dadianma, pragmatuli mosazrebiT, daxmare-

bisaTvis mimarTa romis paps. man 1643 wels odiSis misiis

prefeqti don juzepe judiCe roms miavlina, romelmac 1644

wels pap urban VIII-s epistole gadasca.

epistolis dasawyisSi mTavari bodiSs ixdis imis gamo,

rom imave judiCesa da arqanjelo lambertis mier aTi

wlis winaT Camotanl papis epistoleze rom ar upasuxa.

rogorc cnobilia, 1634 wels nikifore irbaxma arqan-

jelo lamberti da juzepe judiCe goridan samegreloSi

waiyvana. misionerebs Tan hqondaT pap urban VIII-is mier le-

1 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo –osmaleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 235. 2 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 562, Sen. 3. 3 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo –osmaleTis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 234. 4 don juzepe judiCe, gv. 24-27.

643

van II dadianisaTvis gamogzavnili epistole, romelic dawe-

rili iyo 1626 wlis 4 ivliss. adresatisaTvis amgvari dag-

vianebiT epistoles gadacema gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom mi-

sionerebi xelsayrel dros elodebodnen, raTa papis epis-

tole mTavrisaTvis piradad gadaecaT. maT amis gakeTeba

SeZles zugdidSi Casvlis ESemdeg, 1634 wlis ivnisSi. papis

weriliT nasiamovnebi mTavari misionerebs dapirda, rom

romSi kacs gagzavnida da werilebsac gaatanda1.

oriode sityviT unda iTqvas, rom papi levan dadians,

misionerebisaTvis mfarvelobas sTxovda. àmaTi mand mos-

vlis mizezi mxolod is aris, _ werda papi dadians, _ rom

qarTvelTa ers da mTavrebs moupovon wyaloba RvTisa da

SesZinon saukuno simdidre~. dadianis dapireba, rom paps sa-

pasuxo werilebs gaugzavnida, ar Sesrulda.

mTavari, papis epistoleze pasuxis gaucemlobas, qve-

yanaSi arsebuli araxelsayreli viTarebiT xsnida. àmjerad

cota suli moviTqviT, _ wers levan II, _ davimorCileT

RvTis wyalobiT mtrebi, afxazeTis, imereTisa da guriis

mTavrebi~. amis Semdeg mTavari CamoTvlis im sikeTes rac

man samegreloSi moRvawe misionerebs gaukeTa. `Cven mSveniv-

rad mogvexseneba, rom Tqven mTel msoflios marTavT, rom

xarT wminda petres memkvidre da macxovris nacvali. amitom

gvsurs, rom Cvenc gvpatronobdeT da gvmfarvelobdeT. Cven-

Si ar arian Salis an abreSumis mqsovelebi, romelTa naxe-

lavic saSualebas miscemda Cvens qveSevrdomT tanisamosis

Sovnisas, radgan es ukanasknelni xSirad iZulebiT yidian

TavianT navebs2 Turqebze da amiT sulsa da xorcs saf-

rTxeSi igdeben, rac Seuwynarebelia da bunebisaTvis saZ-

raxisi. gevedrebiT gamogvigzavnoT didi raodenobiT xe-

losnebi, rom maTma naxelavma da daxmarebam Tavidan agvaci-

los msgavsi saSinelebani...~3

1 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 584-585 2 konteqstis mixedviT unda iyves `ymebs~. 3 TamaraSvili m., dasax. naSr., gv. 610-611.

644

1644 wlis 23 ianvars, vatikanSi levan II dadianis weri-

li ganixiles. dadianis Txovnaze miRebul iqna Semdegi ga-

dawyvetileba: `daiZebnos bambisa da abreSumis damzadebaSi

daxelovnebuli morwmuneni kapucinelTa da wm. franciskis

reformatorTa Soris, romelTac survili eqnebaT gaemgzav-

ron samegrelos Teatinel misionerebTan erTad, raTa mTa-

vris daJinebiTi TxovniT gawvrTnan misi eri dasaxelebul

xelovnebaSi, amasTanave, mokle xanSi daiweros pasuxi ze-

moxsenebul werilze, romelic krebisa da misionTa wardgi-

nebiT Seatyobinebs xsenebul mTavars morwmuneTa Sesaxeb~1.

miuxedavad imisa, rom levan dadianis werilSi, im we-

rilebisagan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva dros

sxvadasxva mefe-mTavris mier rom gaigzavna, odiSis mTavris

mier kaTolikobis aRiarebisa da papis mimarT erTgulebaze

erTi sityvac ki ar aris, romSi mainc mizanSewonilad CaT-

vales odiSis mTavris Txovna daekmayofilebinaT. rodesac

mTavari paps patronobas da mfarvelobas sTxovs, masSi mxo-

lod samTavroSi xelosnobis ganviTarebaSi daxmarebas gu-

lisxmobs2. misi Txovnis gansaxilvelad specialurad kreba

moiwvies, romelmac damakmayofilebeli gadawyvetileba mii-

Ro. es ki maCvenebelia imisa, rom vatikanSi levan dadianze,

saqarTvelos uZlieres mTavarze (am garemoebas TviTon da-

dianic xazgasmiT aRniSnavs Tavis werilSi), misionerebis

mier gagzavnili maRali Sefasebebis mixedviT, dadebiTi Se-

xeduleba arsebobda. rogorc judiCe gadmogvcems, urban

VIII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg (1644 w.), didi enTuziazmiT

dawyebul saqmes, gagrZeleba aRar hqonda, radgan Semdgomma

papma inonokenti X-m (1644-1655) sruliad Seasusta aRmosav-

leTis mimarT interesi. 1646 wels romidan wamosul judi-

Ces mxolod ori misioneri da kaTolikobisadmi erTgule-

bis mowodebiT aRsavse werili gamoatanes. judiCem saqar-

Tvelomde ver moaRwia. igi jaSuSobis braldebiT darda-

1 iqve, gv. 611, Sen. 1. 2 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 117.

645

nelSi Seipyres da sapyrobileSi gardaicvala. misma orma

Tanamgzavrma Tavi gamoixsna da odiSSi mivida.

sayuradReboa, erT-erTi dapatimrebuli poloneli do-

minikaneli mRvdeli iyo. judiCes da poloneli mRdvlis er-

Tad mogzauroba da am ukanasknelis dasaxsnelad safrange-

Tis elCis saqmianoba (reC pospolitis da safrangeTis elCe-

bis Carevis Sedegad mRvdeli da masTan erTad dapatimrebu-

li sxva pirebic gaanTavisufles)1, migvaniSnebs reC pospoli-

tis da safrangeTis dadianis proeqtiT dainteresebaze.

levan dadianis da nikifore irbaxis odiSis samTav-

ros evropasTan dakavSirebis ekonomikurma proeqtma, marcxi

ganicada, iseve, rogorc oci wlis winaT Teimuraz I-sa da

imave nikifores antiiranulma samxedro-politikuri kavSi-

ris Seqmnis proeqtma.

* * *

levan II dadianis moRvaweobidan calke gamoyofisa da

gansakuTrebiT aRniSvnis Rirsia misi amagi da xarji ieru-

salimis jvris monasterze. is, rac odiSis mTavarma gaakeTa

yvela qristiani qarTvelisaTvis saTayvano monastris aR-

dgenisa da gamSvenierebisaTvis, ganamtkicebda mis avtori-

tets ara mxolod saqarTveloSi. levan dadianis jvris mo-

nasterze amagis Sesaxeb cnobebi, misma uaxloesma TanamoR-

vawem nikifore irbaxma Semounaxa Semdeg Taobebs. man 1643-

1649 wlebi ierusalimSi gaatara.

nikifore irbaxis ierusalimSi moRvaweobaze yuradRe-

bis gamaxvileba aucilebelia imdenad, ramdenadac qarTuli

eklesia-monastrebis sakiTxi, levan dadianis sagareo poli-

tikas ukavSirdeboda. Tu ara dadianis moraluri da mate-

rialuri mxardaWera, nikifore ierusalimis jvris monas-

tris Zvirad Rirebul SekeTeba-moxatvaSi did warmatebebs

ver miaRwevda.

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 194.

646

levan dadianis ierusalimis jvris monastrisadmi did

yuradRebaze, Cvenma saistorio mwerlobam ramdenime sainte-

reso cnobeba Semogvinaxa. man monasters Seswira sof. koc-

xeris 100 komli glexi1. jvris monastris erT-erT berZnul

warweraSi naTqvamia: ès RvTiuri da yvelasagan pativcemu-

li taZari wminda cxovelmyofeli jvarisa moxatuli da ga-

naxlebuli brwyinvale xelmwife leon dadianis xarjiTa

da SemweobiT da Rirsi mRvdelmonazonis da arqimandritis

baton nikifores SromiT...~2. imave taZris samxreT-dasavleTi

svetis aRmosavleT mxares ikiTxeba, rom levan dadianis mi-

er naboZebi fuliTa da sakuTari 8 aTasi aslaniT nikifo-

rem monasters aRudgina `gombadi (gumbaTi) da guerdebi~3;

dReisaTvis aRar aris warwera, romelSic naTqvami iyo: `Se-

ewie dadians leons, romelman moWeda Zeli ese~4. yovelive

aRniSnuli damsaxurebisaTvis iyo, rom monastris taZarSi

organ daxatuli iyo levan dadiani. erTgan mxolod meuR-

liT, xolo meoregan, samxreTis kedelze TviT levan dadia-

ni, misi meuRle nestandarejani da vaJiSvili5.

moRweuli cnobebis mixedviT, ierusalimis qarTuli

monastrebi levan dadianis yuradRebis centrSi iyo nikifo-

re irbaxis wm. qalqaSi gamgzavrebamde. malaqia kaTalikosis

gardacvalebis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi

gaxda maqsime maWutaZe (1639-1657), romelic ZiriTadad odi-

Sis mTavris karze imyofeboda da misi politikis gamtarebe-

li iyo. sayuradRreboa, rom igi did yuradRebas iCenda ie-

rusalimis qarTuli savaneebis mimarT. rasac igi dadianis

1 metreveli e., masalebi ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis istorii-

saTvis (XI-XVII ss.), Tb., 1962, gv. 83, #51. 2 Цагарели А. А., Памятники грузинской старины в св. Земле и на Синае. Палестинский Православный Сборник, IV, 1888, с. 242, 246; mamisTvaliSvi-

li e., ierusalimis jvris monastris istoria, gv. 67, 75; misive, sa-

qarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 214-215. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., ierusalimis jvris monastris istoria, gv. 84. 4 iqve, gv. 87. 5 iqve, gv. 74, 80.

647

mxardaWeris gareSe ver SeZlebda. arqanjelo lambertis

TqmiT, maqsime maWutaZe samjer (`sam-oTx weliwadSi ierusa-

limSi midis da miaqvs mravali oqro~) imyofeboda ierusa-

limSi da gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil qarTul savaneebis dasaxma-

reblad yovelTvis didZali Sesawiravebi waiRo. arqanjelo

kaTalikoss kicxavda imis gamo, rom igi `saierusalime~ fu-

lis saSovnelad, zogjer, arasakadriss kadrulobda1. qris-

toforo de kastelis italiaSi gaugia, rom `patriarqi ie-

rusalimSi gaemgzavra da am wminda adgilas male gardaic-

vala. is nikrisis qariT iyo daavadebuli. moxuci am daava-

debam mokla~2. monastrisadmi gaweuli didi daxmarebisaTvis

kaTalikosi maqsime maWutaZe daxatuli iyo monastris taZ-

ris kedelze, magram zustad sad, cnobili ar aris3

nikifores irbaxis ierusalimSi gagzavnis sababi, k.

kekeliZis swori mosazrebiT, 1641-1642 wlebSi ierusalimi-

dan vinme marTas mier dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos

grigolisaTvis (1640-1659) gagzavnili werili4 unda gamxda-

riyo. masSi gadmocemulia wminda qalaqSi qarTuli monas-

trebis uaRresad mZime mdgomareoba. marTa saxvadasxva saT-

xovarTan erTad, kaTalikoss sTxovs agreTve: èrTi Tavi

juaris mama gaiCineT, Tvara waxda saqme...~5.

rogorc zemoT iTqva, nikifore jvaris mamad iTvlebo-

da, magram igi evropidan dabrunebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos

Sida politikur ambebSi CarTuli, ierusalimis qarTul ek-

lesia-monastrebs jerovan yuradRebas veRar aqcevda. kaTa-

likosma, rogorc Cans, marTas werili upirveles yovlisa

1 arqanjelo lamberti, gv. 119-120. lambertisagan gansxvavebiT, kas-

telis daxasiaTebiT, patriarqi maqsime maWutaZe `metad keTilSobi-

li adamiani iyo... mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi bevri kargi saqme

gamikeTa. ase rom, de, ufalma mis suls mSvidoba misces`. liCini p.

a., dasax. naSr., gv. 79. 2 liCini p. a., dasax. naSr., gv. 79. 3 timoTe gabaSvili, gv. 82. 4 kekeliZe k., etiudebi, II, gv. 303. 5 saqarTvelos siZveleni, w I, gamocema meore, Tfilisi, 1920, gv. 38.

648

levan II dadians, Semdeg ki dasavleT saqarTvelos didebu-

lebs gaacno. yvela marTlmadidebelisaTvis gasagebi iyo,

rom ierusalimis qarTuli siwmindeebis uyuradRebod dato-

veba aRar SeiZleboda. saWiro iyo fuladi saxsrebi da

energiuli adamiani, romelic qarTuli monastrebis movale-

ebTan da maTi dapatronebis mosurne sxvadasxva qristianu-

li konfesiebis warmomadgenlebTan gamklavebas SesZlebda.

savaraudoa, levan dadianis moTxovniT, romelsac Tavisi

ekonomikuri SesaZleblobidan da politikuri gavlenidan

gamomdinare, da imis gamoc, rom mas yvelaze meti Tanxa un-

da gaeRo dasaxuli amocanis gadasawyvetad, arCevani niki-

fore ColoyaSvilze SeaCera. nikifore didi gamocdilebis

mqone saeklesio da politikuri moRvawe iyo. is yvelaze

kargad icnobda ierusalims, erkveoda iqaur ambebSi da mra-

vali mxardamWeri hyavda, rogorc ierusalimel qarTveleb-

Si, ise sapatriarqoSi. gavixsenoT, rom erT dros misi maRa-

li avtoritetis gamo, ierusalimel marTlmadideblebsa da

patrirqs misi patriarqad arCevac ki undodaT. man interva-

lebiT 19 weli (1613-1625 da 1643-1649) gaatara am qalaqSi da

masTan kavSiri arasodes gauwyvetia. gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil

qarTul siwmindeebs masze ukeT veravin mixedavda. kaTali-

kosis mier SerCeul kandidaturas mxari dauWires (savarau-

doa, levan II-is wardginebiT) dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-

mTavrebma da, albaT, iq Sexiznulma Teimuraz I-mac. Teimu-

razis Tanxmobas gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas mianiWebdnen,

radgan rogorc wesi, mas Semdeg rac erTiani qarTuli sa-

xelmwifo daiSala, jvarismamas qarTlis mefe niSnavda, Te-

imurazi ki Tavis Tavs kvlav qarTlis mefed Tvlida.

mefe-mTavrebma, rogorc Semdeg gamoCnda, didi finansu-

ri daxmareba aRuTqves nikifores da TavianTi danapirebi

Seasrules kidec.

ierusalimidan dabrunebis Semdeg, 50-iani wlebis dasaw-

yisSi, nikifore, rusi elCebis cnobebis mixedviT, cxovrobda

dasavleT saqarTveloSi xan monasterSi, xan mefe-mTavarTa

649

karze1. nikifores cxovrebis aseTma daxasiaTebam safuZveli

misca g. akofaSvils eTqva, rom `sagareo politikis dargSi

qarTvel politikur moRvaweTa mier ganxorcielebuli arc

erTi met-naklebad mniSvnelovani RonisZieba XVII s. 20-50-ian

wlebSi nikoloz ColoyaSvilis monawileobis gareSe ar

xdeba. is yovelTvis erT-erTi monawilea ucxo saxelmwifos

elCebis misaRebad gamarTul ceremoniebis, maTTan molapara-

kebisa~2. moyvanil citataSi gamoTqmul mosazrebasTan dakav-

SirebiT unda iTqvas, rom politikuri moRvawe ar SeiZleba

ganuwyvetliv erTi adgilidan meoreze gadadiodes da mas

xelgaSlili xvdebodnen. politikoss, saerTod, da gansakuT-

rebiT iseTs, rogoric nikifore iyo, sWirdeboda garkveuli

principebis da moqmedebis, mtkice ekonomikuri da samxedro

Zalis mqone mfarveli da Tanamzraxveli, sxvanairad is, im

anarqiis pirobebSi, romelic XVII saukunis dasavleT saqar-

TveloSi arsebobda, aucileblad daiRupeboda. nikifore da-

iRupa kidec, rodesac Zlieri mxardamWeri da damcveli gamo-

ecala levan II dadianis saxiT.

30-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, mas Semdeg rac nikifore

dadianis samsaxurSi Sevida, is mxolod odiSis mTavars em-

saxureboda da mxolod mis davalebebs asrulebda. realo-

bas asaxavda nikiforesTan daaxloebuli misioneris juzepe

maria Zampis naTqvami: `mas (nikifore irbaxs _e.m.) uwodeben

jvaris mamas. xalxi mas did pativs scems, samegrelos mTav-

rebi niSnaven mas Tavis vazirad an elCad, radgan igi kar-

gad aris garkveuli politikaSi da mravaljer yofila ie-

rusalimSi~3. boromeoc xom dadianis da nikifores gansaku-

Trebul urTierTobas aRniSnavda.

rac Seexeba im rusul cnobebs, romlebic asaxavs 1651

wels nikifores daswrebas elCebis miRebaze imereTis mefis

1 kekeliZe k,, etiudebi, I, gv. 305. 2 akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati..., gv.73. 3 Jan Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qvey-

nebSi, gv. 141

650

karze, imave elCebis miRebas Teimuraz I-Tan raWaSi, mxolod

imas gviCvenebs, rom dadianis es erTguli politikosi rusi

elCebis miRebisas meTvalyurea, an daemTxva misi, rogorc

dadianis wargzavnilis, molaparakeba mefeebTan. mTavris

warmomadgenlisadmi is gansakuTrebuli pativiscema, risi

mowmenic rusi elCebi iyvnen, mxolod levan dadianis siZ-

liereze metyvelebs.

aRniSnul periodSi nikifore irbaxi Tu mxolod levan

II dadianis samsaxurSi aris, xolo, erTi rusuli wyaros mi-

xedviT, nikifore berZeni ukve mkvdaria1, maSin is nikifore

vin aris romelsac nikifore toloCanovi da aleqsi ievlevi

ramdenjerme axseneben?. vfiqrob, saqme gvaqvs or sxvadasxva

pirovnebasTan, erTi aris nikifore irbaxi, meore ki berZeni

mitropoliti nikifore. irbaxi unda iyos is iRumeni nikifo-

re, romelic rusi elCis aleqsi ievlevis mixedviT, xobis

monasterSi imyofeboda da man maqsime kaTalikosTan erTad

vinme diakon iasafes RvTismSoblis kvarTi aCvena2.

50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi rom nikifore irbaxi levan

dadianis samsaxurSi imyofeboda sruliad naTlad Cans ni-

kifore toloCanovis Semdeg cnobaSi: ìmave dRes (1651 w. 30

seqtemberi _e.m.) sadadianodan mefe TeimurazTan levan me-

fis elCebi Camovidnen _ mTawmindis iRumeni nikifore, ima-

Teburad (qarTulad) nikolozi, da maTTan erTad mefe Tei-

murazis kacebic. mefe Teimurazma risTvisac Tavis kacebi

gagzavna, mTavarma dadianma yvelaferze uari SemouTvala~3.

nikifore levan dadianis warmomadgeneli iyo Teimu-

raz mefesTan 1657 wels. mas davalebuli hqonda Teimurazi

daeyoliebina, raTa am ukanasknels eSuamdgomla levanis da

imereTis mefe aleqsandres Sesarigeblad4.

1 Накашидзе Н., Ук. труд, с, 251, прим. 550. 2 aleqsi ievlevi, gv. 142. 3 nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi aRwerilo-

ba, gv. 85. 4 paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istorii-

saTvis (1660-1685 ww.). `saistorio moambe~, 23-24, Tb., 1970, gv. 152-153.

651

amgvarad, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nikifore irbaxma sicocxlis bolo 25 weli levan II dadianis karze da mis samsaxurSi gaatara. igi aRarasodes dabrunebula Teimuraz mefesTan. wyaroebi saSualebas iZleva XVII sauku-nis pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi erTmaneTisagan gavmijnoT nikifore irbaxi da mitropoliti nikifore berZeni.

`momixseneT me, codvili jvaris mamaÁ~

nikifore is kaci iyo, is profesionali diplomati, ro-

melsac zogjer, politikuri interesebidan gamomdinare, saku-

Tari sindisisaTvis miuRebel kompromisze wasvlac uxdeboda.

gavixsenoT nikifores mogzauroba evropaSi, rodesac

misi rwmenis sakiTxma imdenad principuli mniSvneloba Sei-

Zina, rom misi mefisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenaze molapara-

kebis dawyeba damokidebuli gaxda imaze, nikifore mama-papa-

Ta marTlmadideblur rwmenas uaryofda da romaul-kaTo-

likur sarwmunoebas aRiarebda Tu ara. nikiforem icoda,

rom mas romSi aseT moTxovnas wauyenebdnen, amitom scada

romis gverdis avliT, samxedro daxmareba espaneTisaTvis

eTxova. arasworia, TiTqos nikifore `kaTolikuri sarwmu-

noebis miRebas... SedarebiT iolad dayabulda... kaTolikuri

sarwmunoeba xom igive qristianuli sarwmunoeba iyo da am-

denad nikolozs marTlmadideblobis datoveba da kaToli-

kobis miReba arsebiTad did sarwmunoebriv Ralatad ar Ca-

eTvleboda~1. berZnuli marTlmadideblobidan romaul ka-

Tolikobaze gadasvla nikifores sworedac rom did Rala-

tad CaeTvleboda da man amis Sesaxeb Zalian kargad icoda.

nikifores cxovrebis bolo periodi da misi sicoc-

xlis tragikuli dasasruli imaze miuTiTebs, rom is aqtiu-

rad monawileobda levan II dadianis separatistuli gegme-

1 akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati..., gv. 41.

652

bis SemuSavebaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki, imereTis samefos mi-

marT gatarebuli politikis ganxorcielebaSi.

levan II-is separatizmi samTavroSi kaTalikos-patri-

arqis institutis SemoRebis cdaSic gamovlinda. es saekle-

sio umaRlesi Tanamdeboba pirvelma da ukanasknelma niki-

forem daikava mcire xniT, daaxloebiT erTi wlis ganmav-

lobaSi – 1657-1658 wlebSi. italieli misioneris andrea bo-

romeos TqmiT, `dadians es beri (nikifore_e.m.) Zalian uy-

varda da amitom samegrelosa da afxazeTis patriarqad da-

niSna~1, maSin, rodesac imave dros, dasavleT saqarTvelos

kaTalikos-patriarqi zaqaria qvariani (1657-1660) iyo.

nikifore irbaxi levan II dadianis gardacvalebis Sem-

deg samTavroSi dawyebuli feodaluri aSlilobis dros

daiRupa. rogorc ambis Tanamedrove boromeo gadmogvcems,

vamey lipartianis mowinaaRmdegeTa Soris iyo nikifore Co-

loyaSvilic. savaraudoa, is levan II-is anderZis aRsrule-

bis moiTxovda da misi SviliSvilis gamTavrebas emxroboda.

amas emateboda levan II-is am mrCevelis mimarT imereTis me-

fis ukmayofileba. sabolood, `radgan... (nikiforem_e.m.) mTa-

var lipartians bevri usiamovneba miayena, amitom misTvis

SeuZlebeli Seiqmna misi datoveba (kaTalikos-patriarqad–

e.m.), igi gadaayenes da cixe-koSkSi gagzavna. mis adgilas pa-

triarqad qarTveli aznauri dainiSna~2. es ìmereli (qarTve-

li) aznauri~ unda iyves zaqaria qvariani. amis Semdeg niki-

forem didxans aRar ucocxlia. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im qa-

osiT mocul periods, imasac rogor gausworda vamey li-

partiani Tavis mowinaaRmdegeebs, safiqrebelia, rom nikifo-

rec ar daindes da sicocxle mouswrafes.

nikifore irbaxis sicocxlis ukanaskneli dReebis Se-

saxeb saintereso cnoba dagvitova boromeom. 1658 wlis iv-

nisSi samegrelodan romSi gagzavnil relaciaSi igi wers:

`ramdenime Tvea rac samegrelos mTavari dadiani gardaicva-

1 giorgaZe b., axali dokumenti nikoloz irubaqiZe-ColoyaSvilis

Sesaxeb. Jurn. `mnaTobi~, #1, 1960, gv. 161. 2 iqve, gv. 161.

653

la, romelic ZlierebiT da brZnuli mmarTvelobiT misi ga-

marjvebis warmateba ormocdaaT welze mets dResaswaulob-

da... misi gardacvalebiT Cven didi mfarveli da qvelmoqme-

di davkargeT... xelisuflebis cvlilebis dros, aq Cven dav-

kargeT kaTalikos-patriarqi, romelsac nikolo erqva, dide-

buli qarTveli Tavadi, romelic ocdaaTi wlis winaT ub-

ralo beri iyo da roca romSi Cavida da kaTolikoba aRia-

ra, misma uwmindesobam papma urbano mervem kargad miiRo.

dadians es beri Zalian uyvarda da amitom samegrelosa da

afxazeTis patriarqad daniSna~1.

k. kekeliZis mixedviT, nikifre gardaicvala 1658 wlis

gasuls an 1659 wlis damdegs. mkvlevaris es varaudi damyare-

bulia ierusalimis patriarqis dosiTeos II-is erT cnobaze,

romlis mixedviTac nikifores gardacvalebis Semdeg mTeli

misi qoneba Seagroves, 100.000 piastri daamates da 1659 wels

iese Tbilels ierusalimSi gaatanes. k. kekeliZe patriarq

dosiTeoss imowmebs a. cagarelis mixedviT, romelTanac do-

siTeosis ori mogzauroba saqarTveloSi daTariRebulia

arasworad (pirveli _ 1647-1650 da meore _ 1681-1685 ww.)2.

sinamdvileSi, dosiTeosi saqarTveloSi iyo 1658-1659

da 1681 wlebSi. dosiTeosi nikifores pirvelad Sexvda 1658

wels moqvis monasterSi3. savaraudoa, nikifore gardaicvala 1659 wlis martis

bolos an aprilis dasawyisSi, rodesac ierusalimis patri-

arqma paisiosma da misma diakvanma dosiTeosma (SemdegSi ie-

rusalimis patriarqi) saqarTvelo datoves. amgvarad, dosi-

Teosis gardacvaleba da iese tfilelis mier dasaxelebuli

Tanxis waReba moxda erTsa da imave wels4. nikifores dapa-

timreba da gardacvaleba, rom martis Tvemde momxdariyo do-

1 don juzepe judiCe, gv. 24-27. 2 kekeliZe k., etiudebi, I, gv. 298. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobi isto-

riidan, gv. 97, 148. 4 iqve, gv. 59, 189.

654

siTeosi aucileblad Seityobda. amitom savaraudoa, rom igi

gardaicvala 1659 wlis zafxulSi, daaxloebiT 73-74 wlisa. Cvenamde moRweuli cnobebis mixedviT, XVII s. Sua xa-

nebSi, nikifore warmogvidgeba 70 wlisa, tanadi, Savi wve-

riT, sayovelTaod pativcemuli, gamocdili diplomati,

mnaxveli TiTqmis mTeli evropisa. rogorc nikifores Tana-

moRvawe, ierusalimis jvris monastris diakvani grigoli

werda, nikifore `wmidaÁ da R~s moSiSi iyo. brZeni filoso-

fosi da ritori, da Rirsi yovlisa sikeTisa, da swavluli

enisa viTar Svidisadmde~1, qarTulis da megrulis garda.

TiTqmis aseve axasiaTebs nikifores Zampi: ìgi saqarT-

veloSi erT-erTi uwarCinebulesi gvaris warmomadgenelia.

aris samocdaaTi wlisa. aqvs arqimandritis anu winamZRvris

xarisxi. mas uwodeben jvaris mamas. xalxi mas did pativs

scems. samegrelos mTavrebi niSnaven mas Tavis vazirad an

elCad, radgan igi kargad aris garkveuli politikaSi da

mravaljer yofila ierusalimSi. Semovlili aqvs evropa.

yofila safrangeTSi, inglisSi, espaneTSi, reC pospolitasa

da italiaSi... qarTulisa da megrulis garda icis mravali

ena: berZnuli, Turquli, arabuli, rusuli, franguli, espa-

nuri da italiuri~2.

pietro dela vale nikifores Semdegnairad axasiaTeb-

da: `nikifore CvenTan (romSi – e. m.) Tavs grZnobda kargad

da datova metad sasiamovno STabeWdileba rogorc mis uw-

mindesobaze, iseve baton kardinalebze, visac ki masTan saq-

me hqonda. wasvlis Semdeg man datova metad sasiamovno mo-

goneba da SesaniSnavi gamoxmaureba. Cemi mxridan minda xaz-

gasmiT aRvniSno, rom saqme mqonda ara aRmosavlel adamian-

Tan, romelmac ise kargad da ise swrafad gadaiRo manerebi

da SeiTvisa evropis wesebi, aramed adamianTan, romelmac

gaigo isini ukeT, vidre sxvam`3.

1 Цагарели А.А., Памятники..., с. 184. 2 Jan Sardenis mogzauroba, gv. 141 3 tabaRua i., dasax. naSr., II, gv. 185.

655

arapirdapiri cnobebi migvaniSnebs, rom nikifore iyo

daudgromeli, hqonda diplomatisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

moqniloba, situaciis mixedviT moqmedebis unari, iyo prin-

cipuli da Seupovari, qedmaRali da pativmoyvare. mokled,

am WeSmaritad amagdari moRvawisaTvis, msgavsad yvela dro-

is didi pirovnebebisa, ucxo ar iyo adamianuri sisustenic.

sayuradReboa nikifore irbaxis p. guguSviliseuli

daxasiTeba: `saWiroa iTqvas, rom n. irbaxis mravalmxrivi

da friad nayofieri moRvaweoba umeteswilad rTul da mZi-

me politikur viTarebaSi mimdinareobda. swored amitom

iyo, rom igi kaTolikur samyaroSi _ kaTolikea, berZnul-

slavianurSi _ berZenia (_marTlma-didebelia), muslimanur-

Si _ iqneb Semwynareblur poziciebzea... ris gamoc mraval-

TaTvis igi gaugebari rCeboda`1.

patriarqi dosiTeosi nikiforeze augis Tqmas, albaT,

imitom bedavs, rom man icis maSindeli (XVII s.) qarTuli sa-

zogadoebis, saxelmwifo moRvaweTa da, kerZod, mefe erekle

I-is damokidebuleba kaTolicizmis da imaT mimarT, vinc am

rwmenisadmi Semwynareblobas amJRavnebdnen.

damokidebuleba nikifore ColoyaSvilis pirovnebisa

da misi damsaxurebisadmi Seicvala XVIII saukuneSi. mas qeba-

didebiT ixseniebs kaTalikosi anton I Tavis filosofiur-

literaturaTmcodneobiT traqtatSi _ `wyobil-sityvaoba~2.

gulgrili ver darCebi nikifore ColoyaSvilis mier

ierusalimis jvris monastris taZris centrSi, gumbaTis

qveS, mozaikur iatakze dakrul brinjaos firfitaze2 amok-

veTili warweris mimarT romelic anderZad da mowodebad

JRers: `sdegiT mtkiced da Seuryevlad da momixseneT me,

codvili jvaris mamaÁ nikifore-nikoloz~.

1 guguSvili p., dasax. naSr., gv. 258. 2 anton bagrationi, wyobil-sityvaoba, w. I, teqsti gamosacemad mo-

amzada r. baramiZem, Tb., 1972, gv. 183.

656

levan II dadianis gardacvaleba da misi daxasiaTeba

levan II dadianis cxovreba tragediiT damTavrda. mas

meore colisgan oTxi Svili _ ori vaJi da ori asuli hyav-

da. vaJebs aleqsandre da manuCari, xolo qaliSvilebs gu-

li da cira erqvaT. umcrosi qaliSvili cira imereTis uf-

liswul bagratze gaaTxova. magram bagratma mas mruSobaSi

dasdo brali da daiTxova1. Ddadianis asulebis sul sxva

saxelebs vnaxulobT jvris monastris svinaqsaris aRapebSi:

`kurTxeuls dadianis asulsa bÁtos (!) xuÁramzes gobÁZisa

Tanamecxedresa aRapi...~ `batonis dadianis asulsa darejans

da dedasa missa gamdelsa TinaTins aRapi...~2

levanis vaJebi 1647 wlis Semodgomaze goniosaTvis

brZolaSi osmalebs kazakebis winaaRmdeg exmarebodnen. ro-gorc Cans isini am droisaTvis janmrTelni iyvnen. am gare-

moebaze yuradRebas imitom vamaxvileb, rom erT-erTi rusu-

li wyaros mixedviT, isini seriozulad avadmyofobdnen 1656

wels, rogorc amis Sesaxeb 1657 wels, saqarTveloSi nam-

yofma ilia stoianovma moskovSi dabrunebis Semdeg ganacxa-

da: `levan dadians hyavda ori vaJi, orive avdmyofi, rom-

lebsac paralizebuli hqondaT, xelebi, fexebi da metyvele-

bis unari (dakarguli_e.m.), TviT mefesac (levan II_e.m.) mote-

xili aqvs kiseri marcxena mxares~3. albaT, radgan manuCari

SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda amitom, dadi-

ans Tavis memkvidred is eguleboda.

1657 wels samTavros taxtis memkvidre manuCari garda-

icvala. levan dadianma Tavis memkvidred gamoacxada aleq-

sandres mcirewlovani vaJi (farsadan gorgijaniZis gadmo-

cemiT, aleqsandre am dros cocxali aRar iyo), romlis

srulasakovnebamde qveyana unda emarTa bavSvis dedas. mas

1 don qristoforo de kasteli, gv. 55. 2 metreveli e., masalebi..., gv. 102, #253, gv. 106, #292. 3 paiWaZe g., masalebi..., gv. 453.

657

unda daxmareboda levanis Zmiswuli liparit ieses Ze dadi-

ani, `kaci Seuferebeli sididisa da Seugvani~1. samTavros

yvela didebuli daficebuli iqna memkvidris erTgulebaze.

levanis brZanebiT imereTis mefis vaJi bagrati tyveobidan

gaaTavisufles2. aRniSnuli saqmeebis damTavrebis Semdeg

levan dadianic gardaicvala. levan dadianis Tavs datria-

lebuli tragedia maSindeli feodaluri sazogadoebis mier

aRqmuli iqna, rogorc levan dadianis mier Cadenili mrava-

li danaSaulis, gansakuTrebiT ki mamuka batoniSvilisadmi

sastiki mopyrobisaTvis, RmerTis mier movlenili sasjeli.

àba aq gaSinjeT, _ wers farsadan gorgijaniZe, _ marTali

mRTisa, rom magier levan dadians Svili moukvda da mamam

Svilis tirilSi laxti Tavs gardikra da Svils zed dak-

vda daumarxavs... yvelam asre Tqves: levan dadianis uSvi-

lod gardavlena mamuka batoniSvilis usamarTlom mosTxa-

ra, saxlian Svilian gardavlinda. aba es niSnaT yvelas gve-

yofa, aba aq gaTavdeba iesos qtistes nabrZanebi sityvani:

romlisaT sawyaoT migiwyavso, imave sawyaviT mogiwyveno.

aba samarTali aq gaTavdeba da naZaladevi aravis SerCebis~3.

gaCaRda brZola mTavris taxtis dasakaveblad. lipari-

tians, romelmac mTavroba TavisTvis moindoma, daupirispir-

da vamiy lipartiani, levan dadianis meore colis dareja-

nis Svili pirveli qmris giorgi lipartianisagan. am ukanas-

knelma daxmareba sTxova imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-s. me-

fe vameyis winadadebaze daTanxmda da yovelgvari winaaR-

mdegobis gareSe Tavisi jariT odiSis samTavroSi Sevida.

mefem liparits sasurveli samflobelo Caabara, Tumca ad-

gilobrivi Tavadebi imereTis mefis mier, vameyis saSuale-

biT, odiSSi xelisuflebis uzurpaciis winaaRmdegni iyvnen.

mefis wasvlis Semdeg, samTavroSi areuloba daiwyo. aleq-

sandre mefem mainc SeZlo Tavis sicocxleSi vameyi dadia-

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 432. 2 anTelava i., dasax. naSr., gv. 130. 3 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 261-262.

658

nad yofiliyo, aleqsandres gardacvalebis Semdeg erTxans

man imereTis mefis taxtic daikava, magram qarTlis mefe

vxtang mexuTesTas brZolaSi damarcxda.

levan II dadianis mier xangrZlivi mmarTvelobisas,

sxvadasxva saSualebiT dasavleT saqarTvelos uZlieres sa-

xelmwifod gadaqceuli odiSis samTavro, misi gardacvale-

bisTanave politikurad da ekonomiurad moiSala da dasus-

tda.

levan II dadianis moRvaweobaze TavianTi Sexeduleba

dagvitoves misma Tanamedrove qarTvelma da ucxoelma po-

litikosebma, istorikosebma, vaWar-mogzaurebma da kaTolike

misionerebma. qarTveli politikuri moRvaweebis da istorikosebis

saerTo SefasebiT, romelsac winamdebare naSromis sxvadas-

xva adgilas gavecaniT, levan II dadiani uaryofiTi moRvawe

iyo, maSin rodesac ucxoelebi misi moRvaweobis dadebiT da

uaryofiT mxareebs aRniSnaven.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresod mimaCnia qristoforo de

kastelis mier datovili daxasiaTeba loevan II dadianisa.

italiaSi dabrunebulma kastelma, levan II dadianis Tana-

medrovem, mis saqmianobaSi Caxedulma da piradi urTierTo-

baSi myofma misionerma, romelic sakmaod kargad erkveoda

adamianebis fsiqologiaSi, mTavris orgvari daxasiaTeba

dagvitova: erTi misi mmarTvelobis adreul periods asa-

xavs, meore ki, bolo periods. ìyo dadianad wodebuli er-

Ti kolxeli mTavari, xalxis mmarTveli, keTili mzrunveli,

mosarCle, samarTliani da gulmowyale. igi guluxvad exma-

reboda ara marto Tavis ymebsa da qveSevrdomebs, aramed me-

zobeli samTavroebis mcxovrebTac. samarTliani mTavari

sxva saTnoebiTac iyo Semkuli. sargebloba mohqonda ara

mxolod Tavis sabrZanebelSi, aramed agreTve mraval sxva

mxareSic. yvela cdilobda dadianTan keTil damokidebule-

baSi yofiliyo da mTeli guliTa da suliT uyvardaT igi.

TviT dadianma borotad gamoiyena misdami es siyvaruli da

SiSi iberiis yvela mefisa. siamayiT gandidebulma Tavi war-

moidgina yovlis SemZled. mosazRvre samTavroebis mefe-

659

mTavrebTan igi xSirad arRvevda SeTanxmebas, risTvisac isi-

ni daJinebiT moiTxovdnen aRTqmuli pirobis Sesrulebas.

ase gadaemternen mTavars imereTis mefe giorgi da guriis

mTavari simoni, romelsac colad hyavda TviT mTavris da-

dianis da~1.

isev kasteli: `samegrelos amJamindeli cocxali mefe

levan dadiania. is midrekilia omisaken. TviTon ara aqvs

mosveneba da damSvidebis saSualebas sxvasac ar aZlevs, mi-

si mezobeli mTavrebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki imereTis

sawyali mefisaTvis, es didi ubedurebaa`2.

1 don qristoforo de kasteli, gv. 43. 2 liCini p. a., dasax. naSr., gv. 64

660

bibliografia

akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati nikoloz Colo-

yaSvili _ nikifore irbaxi, Tb., 1977

alasania g., qaTib Celebis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da

kavkasiis Sesaxeb. Turqulidan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi

da saZieblebi daurTo g. alasaniam, Tb. 1978

anTelava i., levan II dadiani, Tb., 1990

anton bagrationi, wyobil-sityvaoba, w. I, teqsti gamo-

sacemad moamzada r. baramiZem, Tb., 1972

araqel davriJecis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. Tar-

gmani, Sesavali da komentarebi k. kuciasi, Tb., 1974

Aarqanjelo lamberti, samegrelos aRwera. Targmani

italiuridan al. Wyoniasi. Mmeore gamocema l. asaTianis wi-

nasityvaobiT, redaqciiT da SeniSvnebiT, Tb., 1938

arCili, gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rusTvelisa. Txzu-

lebaTa sruli krebuli, al. baramiZisa da n. berZeniSvilis

redaqciiT, II, Tb., 1937

berZeniSvili n., dondua v., dumbaZe m., meliqiSvili g.,

mesxia S., ratiani p., saqarTvelos istoria, I (uZvelesi dro-

idan XIX saukunis dasasrulamde), damxmare saxelmZRvane-

lo, Tb., 1958

berZeniSvili n., javaxiSvili iv., janaSia s., saqarTve-

los istoria, naw. I, uZvelesi droidan XIX saukunis damde-

gamde, Tb., 1946

berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, VIII,

Tb., 1975

berZeniSvili n., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis is-

toriidan XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze. saqarTvelos istori-

is sakiTxebi, IV, Tb., 1967

berZeniSvili n., XVII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan. sa-

qarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tb., 1965

bocvaZe T., saqarTvelo-yabardos urTierTobis isto-

riidan (XVI-XVIII ss.) Tb., 1963

661

bocvaZe T., saqarTvelo-daRestnis urTierTobis isto-

riidan (XV-XVIII ss.), Tb., 1968

bocvaZe T., Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebi saqarTvelos

sgareo politikaSi, Tb., 1990

brose m., saqarTvelos istoria, naw. II, tfilisi, 1900

burWulaZe r., politika da samefo eTiketi, epizodi

XVII saukunis saqarTvelos cxovrebidan. àxloaRmosavlu-

ri krebuli, Tb., 1983

burjanaZe S., istoriuli dokumentebi imereTis same-

fosa da guria-odiSis samTavroebisa, Tb., 1959

gabaSvili v., qarTuli diplomatiis istoriidan (sa-

qarTvelo da antiosmaluri koaliciebi XVI-XVII ss.). kre-

bulSi: masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis,

nakv. 31, Tb., 1954

gabaSvili v., qarTuli feodaluri urTierToba XVI-

XVII saukuneebSi, Tb., 1958

gabaSvili v., undilaanT feodaluri saxli XVI-XVII

ss. iranSi (qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT). maxlobeli aRmo-

savleTis istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tb., 1972

gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri

urTierTobis istoriidan, Tb., 1955

gvritiSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriidan

(XV-XVII ss.), II, Tb., 1965

grigolia k., iloris wm. giorgis xatis warwera. kre-

bulSi: akad. n. maris saxelobis enis, istoriisa da materia-

luri kulturis institutis moambe, XIII, Tb., 1943

giorgaZe b., axali dokumenti nikoloz irubaqiZe-Co-

loyaSvilis Sesaxeb. Jurn. `mnaTobi~, #1, 1960

giorgaZe b., ulug beg baiaTi da misi relacioni sa-

qarTvelos Sesaxeb. krebulSi: evropis qveynebis istoriis

problemebi, I, Tb., 1975

guguSvili p., saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis ekonomi-

kuri ganviTareba XIX-XX saukuneebSi. monografiebi, t. VII.

qarTuli stambis wigni 1629-1979, Tb., 1984

662

gulbekiani r., namdvili cnobebi saqarTvelos dedof-

lis qeTevanis mowamebrivi sikvdilis Sesaxeb. frangulidan

Targmnes i, tabaRuam da c. bibileiSvilma, Tb., 1987

don juzepe milaneli, werilebi saqarTveloze. XVII

saukune. italiuri teqsti Targmna, winasityvaoba da SeniS-

vnebi daurTo b. giorgaZem, Tb., 1964

don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi sa-

qarTvelos Sesaxeb. teqsti gaSifra, Targmna, gamokvleva da

komentarebi daurTo b. giorgaZem, Tb., 1976

don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII s.). Sesavali, Targmani da komentarebi b. giorgaZisa, Tb., 1977

evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wigni~, Turqulidan Tar-

gmna, komentarebi da gamokvleva daurTo g. fuTuriZem, nakv.

I, gamokvleva, komentarebi, Tb., 1973

evlia Celebis `mogzaurobis wigni~, Turqulidan Tar-

gmna, komentarebi da gamokvleva daurTo g. fuTuriZem, nakv.

II, gamokvleva, komentarebi, Tb., 1973

vaTeiSvili j., nikifore irbaxis kvaldakval. gaz. `ko-

munisti~, #175, 177, 178, 1983

zedginiZe g., bogdan gurjicki diplomatiur asparez-

ze, Tb., 1983

TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa So-

ris, tf., 1902

TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde,

Tb., 1995

TarxniSvili m., Teatineli mociqulebi saqarTveloSi.

saqarTvelos urTierToba evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan,

IV-V, Tb., 1999

ibrahim feCevis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Se-

saxeb. teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca, Sesavali da

SeniSvnebi daurTo s. jiqiam, Tb., 1964

isqander munSis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. sparsu-

li teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTa da SesavliTurT gamosca

vl. fuTuriZem, Tb., 1969 kakabaZe s., qarTuli wignis beWdvis 320 wlis iubile-

saTvis. qarTuli mwerloba, 1929, #8-9

663

kariWaSvili d., qarTuli wignis beWdvis istoria, tfi-

lisi, 1927

`karmelitebis qronika~ saqarTveloze (XVII-XVIII sau-

kuneebi), Sesavali, Targmani da komentarebi q. pavliaSvili-

sa, Tb., 1999

kacitaZe d., axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebTan da ruseT-

Tan saqarTvelos savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobis isto-

riidan (XVII-XVIII ss.), Tb., 1992

kaWarava d., saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis sakiT-

xisaTvis XVII s. 50-ian wlebSi, `macne~, Tb., 1968, I

kaWarava d., saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis sakiT-

xisaTvis (XVII-XVIII ss.). qarTuli diplomatia, weliwdeuli,

IV, Tb., 1997

kaWarava d., qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis sagareo po-

litikuri urTierTobebi XVII s-is I naxevarSi. Teimuraz I-

is, giorgi saakaZis, rostom I-is diplomatia. wignSi: qarTu-

li diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II, Tb., 1998

kekeliZe k., nikifore irbaxi. iniciatori qarTuli

stambis daarsebisa romSi. ètiudebi Zveli qarTuli lite-

raturis istoriidan~, II, Tb., 1945

kekeliZe k., qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tb., 1968

kucia k., qarTuli abreSumis warmoebis istoriidan

(XVII saukunis pirveli meoTxedi). àxloaRmosavluri kre-

buli, Tb., 1983

liCini patricia ana, qristoforo kasteli da misi mi-

sia saqarTveloSi, Targmani, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi m. pa-

paSvilisa, Tb., 2009

luis xili fernandesi, i. tabaRua, dokumentebi saqar-

Tvelos istoriisaTvis espaneTis arqivebsa da biblioTekeb-

Si (XV-XVII ss.), madridi, 1991

luis xili fernandesi da xose manuel floristani,

qarTveli mefeebis werilebi: simon I-is qarTlidan filipe

II-s da Teimuraz I-is kaxeTidan filipe IV-s. krebulSi: sa-

qarTvelos urTierToba evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan, II,

Tb., 1995

664

mamisTvaliSvili e., odiSis istoriidan, Tsu Sromebi,

310. istoria, arqeologia, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, eTnogra-

fia, Tb., 1992

mamisTvaliSvili e., goris istoria, II (1801-1921), gori,

1999

mamisTvaliSvili e., ierusalimis jvris monastris is-

toria, gori, 2002

mamisTvaliSvili e., ierusalimis patriarqi Teofanis

III da saqarTvelo. goris saxelmwifo universitetis Srome-

bi. istoriis seria, II, Tb., 2002

mamisTvaliSvili e., qristes kvarTis istoria, gori,

2003.

mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos da palestinis dama-

kavSirebeli gzebi. goris universitetis samecniero Srome-

bis krebuli, #3, gori, 2007

mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo _ ierusalimis urTi-

erTobis istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.), Tb., 2008

mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika

da diplomatia, I (XV-XVI ss.), Tb., 2009

mamisTvaliSvili e., mefe svimon I, Tb., 2009

mamisTvaliSvili e., elene aTabagi da don qristofo-

ro de kasteli. `Cveni universiteti~, ssip goris saswavlo

universitetis yovelTviuri Jurnali, #1, ianvari, 2011

maWaraZe v., Canawerebi Teimuraz pirvelis molaparake-

bisa moskovSi 1658 wels. TsuU Sromebi, 113, istoriul mec-

nierebaTa seria, V, Tb., 1965 metreveli e., masalebi ierusalimis qarTuli koloni-

is istoriisaTvis (XI-XVII ss.), Tb., 1962

Mmogzauris pietro dela-vales moxseneba saqarTvelo-

ze pap urban mervisadmi, 1627 w. Targmani italiuridan i.

Wyoniasi. ìveria, 1879, #3,

mohamed Taheris cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. teqsti

da Targmani v. fuTuriZis. Mmasalebi saqarTvelos da kavka-

siis istoriisaTvis, nakv. 30, Tb., 1964

665

mustafa naima, cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Se-

saxeb. Turquli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT, gamokvleviTa

da SeniSvnebiT gamosacemad moamzada n. Sengeliam, Tb., 1979

nakaSiZe n., saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-TurqeTis ur-

TierTobaSi XVII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. KkrebulSi:

qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis sagareo politikis istorii-

dan, II, Tb., 1973

nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, Tb., 1978

natroSvili T., maSriyiT maRribamde, Tb., 1978

natroSvili T., weli erTi da aTasi, Tb., 1988

natroSvili T., Teimuraz pirvelis ajanyeba da imam-

yuli-xan undilaZe. axloaRmosavluri krebuli, Tb., 1983

nikifore toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi

aRweriloba, 1650-1652 ww. rusuli teqsti qarTuli Targma-

niT da xelnawerebis mimoxilviT gamosacemad moamzada i.

cincaZem, Tb., 1970

pariJis qronika, anu cxovreba saqarTveloÁsa, z. WiWi-

naZis gamocema, Tb., 1903

paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis

istoriisaTvis (1652-1658). `saistorio moambe~, 1920, Tb., 1965

paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis

istoriisaTvis (1660-1685 ww.). `saistorio moambe~, 23-24, Tb.,

1970

papaSvili m., erTi diplomatiuri sakiTxis garkvevi-

saTvis. kr. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis sakiT-

xebi, III, baTumi, 2008

Jan Sardeni, mogzauroba iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva

qveynebSi (cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb). frangulidan Tar-

gmna, gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo m. mgalobliSvil-

ma, Tb., 1975

Jordania g., qarTuli abreSumis kulturis ganadgure-

bis erTi cdis Sesaxeb, `ciskari~, #5, Tb., 1963

Jordania g., Teimuraz mefe da Zmani undilaZeni, Jurn.

`mnaTobi~, #5, 1984

rexviaSvili m., imereTis samefo (1462-1810), Tb., 1989

666

saiTiZe g., masalebi saqarTvelo-ruseTis diplomatiu-

ri urTierTobis istoriisaTvis (XVII saukunis 50-iani wle-

bi). `qarTuli diplimatia~, weliwdeuli, 5, Tb., 1998

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tb., 1973

saqarTvelos siZveleni, w I, gamocema meore, Tf., 1920

svaniZe m., saqarTvelo _ osmaleTis urTierTobis is-

toriidan, Tb., 1971

svaniZe m., saqarTvelo-osmaleTis istoriis narkvevebi (XIV-XVIII ss.), Tb., 1990

surgulaZe a., saqarTvelo-ukrainis urTierTobis is-

toriidan (kazakebi gonios cixeSi). krebulSi: `Из истории украино-грузинских связей~, III, Тб., 1975

tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsaca-

vebSi II, Tb., 1985

tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsaca-

vebSi (XIII-XX s-is pirveli meoTxedi), III (1628-1633), Tb., 1987

tavernie Jan batist, didi senioris samefo karis axa-

li aRwera, frangulidan Targmna da gamosca k. gurulma,

Tb., 1974

tatiSvili vl., qarTvelebi moskovSi, Tb., 1959.

tivaZe T., saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseT-iranis politi-

kur urTierTobaSi XVII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. qarTuli

samefoebis sagareo politikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973

tivaZe T., qarTlis mefe rostomis mier 1652 wels ru-

seTSi gagzavnili elCobis sakiTxisaTvis, `macne~, ist. se-

ria, #3, 1973

tivaZe T., martyofisa da marabdis brZolebis 350

wlisTavis gamo (rusuli saarqivo masalebis mixedviT),

`macne~, istoriis seria, #3, 1975

tivaZe T., kazakebis mier gonios cixis aRebisa da qar-

TvelebTan maTi urTierTobis Sexeb. `macne~, istoriis, arqe-

ologiis, eTnografiisa da xelovnebis istoriis seria, #1,

Tb., 1977

tivaZe T., masalebi saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri

istoriisaTvis XVII s., meore naxevarSi. `saistorio moambe~,

t. 45-46, Tb., 1982

667

tivaZe T., Teimuraz pirvelis sagareo politika, Tb.,

1990

timoTe gabaSvili, mimoslva. gamosca e. metrevelma,

Tb., 1956

tuRuSi a., gabriel gegenava ucnobi jvarismama. humani-

tarul mecnierebaTa Jurnali `saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1998

tuxaSvili l., erovnuli xsnis gasayarTan, Jurn. `cis-

kari~, # 9, Tb., 1983

uTurgaiZe T., qarTuli enis Seswavlis istoria, naw. I,

Tb., 1999

ucxouri literaturis referatuli krebuli. isto-

ria, 6, Tb. 1978

qarTlis cxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, II, Tb., 1959

qarTlis cxovreba. IV. batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera

samefosa saqarTvelosa. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb., 1973

qarTuli diplomatiis istoriis narkvevebi, II, Tb., 1998

qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa, Sek-

rebili, qronologiurad dawyobili, axsnili da gamocemu-

li T. Jordanias mier, II, 1897

farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria. s. kakabaZis gamocema.

saistorio moambe, w. II, 1925

furcelaZe a., brZola saqarTvelos mosaspobad da sa-

qarTvelos SesaerTeblad anu giorgi saakaZe da misi dro,

tf., 1911

cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis arqividan

(XVII s.). Jurn. `mimomxilveli~, II, 1951

cincaZe i., masalebi reC pospolitisa da saqarTvelos

urTierTobis istoriisaTvis (XV-XVII saukuneebi), Tb. 1965

cincaZe i., ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis warsuli-

dan. saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis iv. javaxiSvi-

lis sax. istoriis institutis Sromebi, I, Tb., 1955

cincaZe i., vasil gagaras da arsen suxanovis cnobebi

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, Tb., 1965

668

Ciqobava arn., vaTeiSvili j., pirveli qarTuli nabeWdi

wigni, Tb., 1983

Sengelia n., mustafa naimas cnobebi saqarTvelosa da

kavkasiis Sesaxeb, Tb., 1979

CoCievi v., iran-osmaleTis 1639 wlis zavi da saqarTve-

lo. wignSi: narkvevebi maxlobeli aRmosavleTis istorii-

dan (feodaluri xana), Tb., 1957

xinTibiZe e., axali masalebi qarTvel mefeTa espaneTSi

mimoweris Sesaxeb. `ciskari~, 1986, #3

xinTibiZe e., axali masalebi qarTvel mefeTa espaneTSi

mimoweris Taobaze. simon qarTlis mefis werilebi espaneT-

Si. `ciskari~, 1986, #6

javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, Tb., 1967

jamburia g., giorgi saakaZe, Tb., 1964

jamburia g., qarTl-kaxeTis droebiTi gaerTianeba. sa-

qarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tb., 1973

jamburia g., kompromisi iranisa da qarTlis urTier-

TobaSi. rostom xani da Teimuraz mefe. wignSi: saqarTve-

los istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tb., 1973

jiqia s., cnoba didi mouravis ukanaskneli dReebis Se-

saxeb osmaleTSi, masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis isto-

riisaTvis, nakv. 13, 1942

jiqia s., xonTqris mier didi mouravisadmi gacemuli

sigeli. enimkis moambe, XIII, Tb., 1943

* * *

Antonio de Govea, Relations des grandes Guerres et Victoires obtenues par le roy de Perse Cha Abbas contre les Empereures de Turquie Mahomet et Achmet son fils… Rouen, 1646

Avalishvili Z., Teimuraz I and his poem `The Martirdom of Queen Ketevan~. Georgica, London, 1937, v. I, #3-5.

Bayani K., Les relations de l’Iran avec l’Europe occidentale à l’époque Safavide, Portugal, Espagn, Angleterre, Hollande et France (avec document inedite), Paris, 1937

Bellan L., Chah Abbas. Sa vie, son histoire, Paris, 1932 Boxer C. R., Anglo-Portuguese rivalry in the Persian Gulf, 1615-1635.

In Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations, ed. E. Prestage, Watford, 1935

669

Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia end The Papal Mission of the XVII the and XVIII the centuries, I London, 1939

Creasy E. S., History of the Ottoman Turks, Beirut, 1961 Estat de la Perse en 1660 par le P. Rafael du Mans Superieur da la

vaison des capucins d’Isphahan, Paris, 1890 Ferrier R. W., An English view of Persian trade in 1618. Jurnal of The

Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. XIX, part II, Leiden, 1976 Gulbenkian R., L’Ambassade en Perse de Luis Pereira de Lacerda et

des Pères Portugais de l’Ordre de Saint-Augustin, elchior dos Anjos et Guilherme de Santo Agostino, 1604-1605, Lisbonne, 1972

Jules Berger Xivrey, Recueil des lettres missives de Henri IV, Paris, 1853

Knolles R., The Generall Historei of the Turks, Oxsford, 1631 Malcolm J., Histoire de la Perse, II, Paris, 1821 Pietro Della Vale, Viaggi descritti in 54 famigliari, 4 vol., Roma, 1650-

1658 di cui si son fatte piu edizioni e traduzioni. Relaciones Don Juan de Persia. Dirigidas a la Magestad Catholica de

Don Philippe III. Rey de las Espaňas, y seňor nuestro. Divididas en tres libros, donde se tratan las cosas notables de persia, la genealogia de sus Reys, guerras de persianos, Turcas, y Tartaros, y las que vido en el viaje qve hizo àEspaňy su conuersion, y la otros dos Cavalleros Persianos. Aňo 1604. Con privilegio. En Valladolid por Juan de Bestillo: en la calle de Samano.

Stefano Paolini, Dittionario Georgiano e Italiano. Composto da Stefano Paolini con l‘aiuto del M. R. Niceforo Irbachi Georgiano, Monaco di S. Basilio. Ad vso de‘Missionarii della Sagra Congregatione de Propaganda Fide. In Roma

Wilson A. T., The Persian Gulf, Oxford, 1928

* * * Акты исторические, собранные и изданные археографической

комиссией. Серия документов по истории России, изданная Археографической комиссией, т. I, СПб., 1843

670

Байбуртян В. А., Армянская колония Новой Джульфы в XVII в. (Роль Новой Джульфы в ирано-европейских политических и экономических связях), Ереван, 1969

Белокуров С. А., Материалы для Русской истории, М., 1888

Белокуров С. А., Дело о присылке шахом Абасом Риза Господни царю Михайлу Федоровичу в 1625 г. Сб.: «Московского главного Архива МИД», вып. 5, М., 1893

Брайловский С., Новый вариант повести о ризе Господа нашего Иисуса Христа. «Библиограф», СПб., 1889, №1

Бушев П. П., История посольств и дипломатических отношений Русского и Иранского государств в 1586-1612 (по русским архивам), М., 1976

Ватейшвили Д. Л., Грузия и европейские страны. Т. I. Грузия и Западная Европа XIII-XVII века, кн. I, 2003

Веселовский Н. Памятники дипломатических и торговых сношений Московской Руси с Персией, I, СПб., 1890

Веселовский Н. И., Памятники дипломатических и торговых сношений России с Персией, III, Петербург, 1898

Посольство князя Мышецкого и дьяка Ключарева в Кахетию (1640-1643). Издание М. Полиевктова, Тб., 1928

Жордания Г., Очерки из истории франко-русских отношений, ч. II, Тб., 1959

Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Римско-католическая миссия и Грузия, ч. I, Тб., 1994

История Ирана с древнейших времен до конца XVIII века, М.,

1958

Кабардино-русские отношения в XVI-XVIII вв. Документы и материалы в 2-х томах, т. I, М., 1957

Кушева У. Н., Народы…Северного Кавказа и их связи с Россией в

XVI-XVII вв., М., 1963 Материалы по истории грузино-русских взаимоотношений.

1615-1640. Документы к печаты подготовил и предисловием снабдил М. Полиевктов, Тб., 1937

671

Месхия Ш. А., Цинцадзе Я. З., Из истории русско-грузинских отношении X-XVIII вв., Тб., 1958

Накашидзе Н., Грузино-русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, Тб., 1968

Новосельский А. А., Борьба Московского государства с татарами в первой половине в. М.- Л., 1948

Новосельцев А. П., Русско-иранские политические взаимноотношения во 2-ой половине XVI в., «Международные связи России до XVII в.», М., 1961

Оболенский М., Новые материалы для истории Кирилла Лукариса. «Православное обозрение», 1860, №1

Очерки истории СССР. XVII в., М., 1955

Памятники дипломатических и торговых сношений Московской Руси с Персией. Изданы под редакциею Н. И. Василевского, СПб., 1892

Панченко К. А., Османская империя и судьбы православия на Арабском Востоке (XVI - начало XIX века). Институт Азии и Африки при МГУ им. М. Ломоносова. `Древо жизни~, М., 1998

Переписка на иностранных языках грузинских царей с российскими государями от 1639 по 1677 г., СПб, 1861

Пигулевская Н. В., Якубовский А. Ю., Петрушевский И. П., Строева Л. В., Беленицкий Л. М., История Ирана с древнейших времен до конца XVIII в., Л., 1958

Полиевктов М. А., Европейские путешественники XIII-XVIII

вв. по Кавказу, Тифлис, 1935 Полиевктов М., К вопросу об авторстве статейного списка

`С~. ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis saqarTvelos filialis

moambe, I, #1, 1940

Полиевктов М., К вопросу о сношениях Ростома Карталинского с Москвою. ènimkis moambe~, V-VI, 1940

Положение Ризи господней (10 июля). «Воскресное чтение», издаваемый при Киевской Духовной Академии, №14, 1840

Посольство князя Мышецкого и дьяка Ключарева в Кахетию (1640-1643). Издание М. Полиевктова, Тб., 1928

672

Приходько Г., AИстория христианства в Казахстане и Средней Азии в Средние века Караганда, 2000

Путешествие русских послов XVI-XVII вв., М.-Л., 1954 Русско-дагестанские отношения XVII-первой четверти XVIII

века (документы и материалы). Махачкала, 1958 Синодик Крестного Монастыря в Иерусалиме. Изд. Н. Марр,

СПб., 1914 Смирнов Н. А., Смирнов Н. А., Россия и Турция в XVI-XVII

вв., в двух томахю «Ученные записки МГУ им. Ломоносова», вып. 94, М.,

1946, т. II Сношения России с Кавказом. Материалы извлеченные из

Московского главного архива Министерства иностранных дел С. Ал. Белокуровым, вып. I, 1587-1613 гг., «Чтения ОИРД», М., 1889

Соловьев С. М., Сочинения, кн. V. История России с древнейших времен. тома 9-10, М., 1990

Тер-Аветисян, Город Джуга. Материалы по истории торговых сношений джульфинских купцов XV-XVII вв., Еб., 1937

Тивадзе Т. Г., Материалы по внешнеполитической истории Грузии первой половины XVII века, содержащиеся в архивном фонде «Сношения России с Персией». krebulSi: `qarTuli same-

fo-samTavroebis sagareo politikis istoriidan, II, Tb., 1973 Толковый словарь живаво великорускаго языка В. Даля, т. IV,

СПб.-М., 1882

Цагарели А. А., Памятники грузинской старины в св. Земле и на Синае. Палестинский Православный Сборник, IV, 1888

673

Eldar Mamistvalishvili

FOREIGN POLICY AND DIPLOMACY OF GEORGIA

II (XVII c. I half _ the Epoch of Teimuraz I)

Resume

On the boundary of the XVI-XVII centuries Georgia divided into kingdoms-principles appeared in a hostile surrounding. The existing situation greatly hindered its sociological-political and cultural-economical development. `With the favour~ of Ossmalia and Iran Georgia severed from the West European countries and Russia. Even the countries of South-East Caucasus and the nearest East which traditionally had a close relation with Georgia, became hostile towards it. The work deals with the facts that show that travelling in the West, East, North or South became difficult for Georgians. The way out from this isolation was hard to find, but at the same time it was inevitable, and Georgian politicians faced it not only in the period of research, but also before and after it.

The main directions and peculiarities of the Georgian policy and diplomacy in the I half of the XVII c. is determined by the activities of some famous Georgians and their surrounding. It is significant that they were born at the same time. They spent their knowledge, experience, talent and skills in struggling not only with their enemies, but also with each other. They were: the Kings of Kartl-Kakheti (periodically) Teimuraz I and Rostom (1533-1658), the Kings of Imereti – Giorgi III (1605-1639) and Aleksandre III (1639-1660), the Principle of Odishi Levan II Dadiani (1611-1657), military and political figure `Didi Mouravi~ (Great Manager) – Giorgi Saakadze (†1629), politician and diplomat in 1626-1658 – Nikipore Irbakhi. They (except Giorgi III and Giorgi Saakadze) died at the same time.

674

In the period of research the foreign policy of Georgian kingdom-principles mainly was led in five directions: Iran, Ossmalia, Russia, West and Central Europe, North and South-East Caucasus. It is significant that the interests of the Georgian political units towards the abovementioned regions was not always the same. The changeability of the interests was determined by internal and foreign factors.

The I half of the XVII c. was distinguished by the armed aggression and diplomatic press of Iran towards the East Georgia. Shahs’ attempt to drive Teimuraz I into slavery was unacceptable for this obstinate King. But due to the social-political and economical condition of Georgia in spite of separate successful resistances he was not able to oppose Iran’s aggression till the end alone, which openly tried to lead the policy of incorporation and genocide in the East of Georgia. The King Teimuraz I did his best to find forces in order to oppose Iran. The condition led Teimuraz or his ambassadors to the sovereigns of Ossmalia, European countries and Russia.

While the military struggle with Iran Ossmalia was satisfied with gradual incorporation of Samtskhe and in difference with the XVI century, Ossmalia led `mild~ policy not only towards the East Georgia, but also towards the West Georgia. Osslamia tried to use Teimuraz’s struggle towards Iran for own interests and did not disturb the rest of Georgia. Russian was still conducting defensive struggle with Ossmalia. Aggravation of the relation with Russia was not an interest of Ossmalia. That’s why Ossmalia ignored the stirring up the relation between the Kingdom of Imereti and Russia, because of not considering Russia as a serious enemy in Transcaucasia. The settling of the relation between these two big states seemed to be hastened by the fact that they both had the common enemy – Poland. But it was impossible, because the obedient khanate of Crimea constantly attacked the nights of the South Russia and annihilated them. Once (in 1632-1633) Crimean people reached Moscow. Cossacks subordinated to Poland and the Cossacks of Dnepr - always obedient to Moscow authority did the same towards the populated places situated at the coast of Ossmalian Black Sea. Sometimes even Cossacks reached to Istanbul.

675

Those days while being opposed to Iran, Ossmalian authority tried to keep own influence in the Caucasus gained by the help of the truce of Amasia. As V. Gabashvili stated, the truce of Amasia was an instrument of Iran-Ossmalian aggressive policy towards the Transcaucasus in the XVI-XVII centuries. We may say that it became an axis of the relation between Iran and Ossmalia and each case connected to the Transcaucasus went round it. That’s why Ossmalia pretended not to notice close relation of Odishi Principle to Iran. In such condition the striving of the Georgian politicians led by Teimuraz I to create a anti Ossmalian coalition was unjustified. While Iran should be detained which sometimes expressed direct aggression towards the East Georgia and sometimes manipulated with own satellites, set the Principle of Odishi against the Kingdom of Imereti.

It should be mentioned that like XVI century even now Georgian diplomats’ attempt to use the resistance between Iran and Ossmalia for their own interests sometime was successful.

The ambassadors sent by Teimuraz I and led by Nikipore Irbakhi (Nikoloz Cholokashvili) are being in the centre of researchers’ attention for a long time. Nearly every researcher declares that the aim of these ambassadors was the creation of anti Ossmalian coalition. To my mind, this fact contradicts historical sources and even there is no logical reality. The King Teimuraz aimed to find anti Iranian and anti Ossmalian force in Europe (this interest drove him to Spain royalty. Teimuraz and his partners supposed that Spain had anti Iranian course but later they found out that the opposition was not strong enough to create anti Iranian coalition. That’s why Nikipore Irbakhi and Spanish guards instead of creating anti Iranian coalition, worked out the plan of anti Ossmalian coalition). When Spanish authority learnt that Teimuraz’s plan was quite the opposite from the decisions made in Madrid. Diplomatic relation between Kartl-Kakheti and Spain did not continue any more.

After unfruitful attempts in searching allies in different countries Georgian politicians considered Russian as a potential defender ally from

676

the aggressor. They considered that despite of opposing each other, Russia and Iran still had quite serious common interests (trade-economical, both of them were opposed to Ossmalian state, both of them had a desire of supremacy in the North Caucasus), that Russia was the only state which was able to make a diplomatic influence on Iranian authority. If the relation with Russian did not have a desirable effect and Russian military forces could not come to Georgia then Georgians would get financial and armament support. They supposed that corresponding to the pragmatic interests of Russia it should support Georgian anti Iranian forces. According to the military point of view, Georgia should be acceptable for Russia because of its anti Iranian course. In addition, Georgian and Russia had the same religious belief, which was not a meaningless factor in the Middle ages.

Although the diplomats of Moscow always tried to raise a question of Georgia to Shahs and were its defenders due to the same religious belief, Russia could not do anything else for Georgia because of its serious internal and foreign problems. The civil war and intervention weakened active foreign policy of Moscow state like Russian policy in Caucasus. That’s why the belief of Teimuraz I was unsuccessful from the very beginning as he expected a hand from Moscow for repulsing Iranian aggression. Despite this circumstance Georgia’s defense, unification of reinforcement from the Muslim neighbour was not foreseen in the plans of Russian foreign policy, that was clearly seen in the middle of the XVII century. The policy of Russian towards Georgia remained the same till the end of the XVIII century.

Georgian politicians considered that they’d better lead a safe connection to Moscow and suspend the attacks from the North Caucasians by the support of Russia.

The I half of the XVII c. mainly is replete period with the affairs done by Teimuraz I. His entireness, energy and obstinacy, devotion to Orthodoxy was felt in the whole Georgia. Everything done in the internal

677

and foreign policy was led by the King Teimuraz or directed against him. The tragedy of his family and relatives lay on the country like a black mist.

Both the Georgian and foreign documents and narrations reflect the relief episodes of treason, unreliability and brutality encouraged by the foreigners. It is clearly seen how the King Teimuraz tried to find the way out from this difficult situation. He used or sometimes tried to use more or less important opportunities in order to save the country from physical annihilation.

In the book a special space is meant for Teimuraz I as to the hero of his epoch. He periodically was the King of Kakheti, Kartl-Kakheti or persecuted from Shahs sheltered by Ossmalia or Imeteri, but he always was an active politician.

The work deals with the foreign policy and diplomacy of the large political units (Kartli Kingdom of the King Rostom, the Kingdom of Imereti of the Kings Giorgi II and Aleksandre III, Odishi Principle of Levan Dadiani) of Georgia in the I half of the XVII century. They were either allies or opponents to each other. In 30s of the same century as a result of the Iranian Shah’s policy two Georgian separative unions - Teimuraz I and Aleksandre III and on the other side the King Rostom and Levan II Dadiani. They often had armed struggles with each other. Each union had own orientation in the foreign policy: the first one was oriented on Russia and the second one was oriented on Iran. The Sovereign of Moscow fed Georgian politicians only with separative attitude, but the Iranian Shah who knew Georgia better was more successful.

The period of research is full of episodes reflecting armed struggles with foreign enemies together with internal diplomatic struggles. Despite of the great sacrifice Georgian people managed to keep identity. Even Muslim Rostom-Khan tried to be Georgian and do Georgian national job.

The readers of the both, I and II volumes of the monograph will pay attention to the fact that there is a lack of Georgian written sources around the research topic. But if you look back to the past everything will become clear. We can hardly find any Georgian document or information about

678

those Georgian diplomats, who are highlighted in details in Russian, West European, rarely even in the Eastern documents and narrative sources. The only reason is not constant attacks from foreign enemies, feudal separations inside the country or natural calamity. It is considerable that the royalty and the apparatus of the officials consciously annihilated the documents reflecting political relations with different countries in order those documents not to appear in the hands of the lords of Islamic states as those documents reflected the diplomatic relation of the Georgian politicians with those countries which often were opposed to our neighbours. The main trouble of the Georgian diplomacy was to find an alien against them. Not only those politicians, who worked out foreign policy were in danger but also those ones who were obliged to realize it. Supposedly keeping and storing the documents reflecting their diplomacy was not desirable for them. One of the reasons should be the fact that when the Georgian kings sent ambassadors and other representatives abroad they used to give them tasks of a great importance orally (this kind of method of diplomacy was used by the other countries as well) and they were obliged to bring the answers orally too.

679

Эльдар Мамиствалишвили

ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ДИПЛОМАТИЯ ГРУЗИИ II

(Первая половина XVII в. - эпоха Теймураза I)

Р е з ю м е

На рубеже XVI-XVII веков Грузия, распавшаяся на княжества, оказалась в полном вражеском окружении, которое сильно помешало ее социально-политическому и культурно-экономическому развитию. По «милости» Османской империи и Ирана Грузия была оторвана от государств Западной Европы и России, от стран юго-восточного Кавказа и Ближнего Востока, с которыми традиционно имела тесные отношения. Они тоже были настроены враждебно по отношении к Грузии. В труде приведены факты, свидетельствующие о том, насколько трудно было грузинам путешествовать по другим странам, независимо от того, были они расположены на западе, востоке, севере или юге. Поиск выхода из такой изоляции со всей остротой стоял перед грузинскими политиками не только в исследуемом периоде, но и до и после него.

Основные направления и особенности грузинской политики и дипломатии I половины XVII в. определились деятельностью известных грузинских государственных деятелей, среди которых были: цари Картли-Кахети Теймураз I (1606-1658) и Ростом (1533-1658), цари Имерети – Гиорги III (1605-1639) и Александр III (1639-1660), правитель Одиши Леван II Дадиани (1611-1657), военный и политический деятель, Великий моурави – Георгий Саакадзе (†1629), политик и дипломат Никифор Ирбах (1659).

Внешняя политика и дипломатия царств-княжеств Грузии в исследуемом периоде в основном осуществлялась по пяти направлениям: Иран, Османская империя, Россия, Западная и Центральная Европа, Северный и Юго-Восточный Кавказ. Следует учесть то обстоятельство, что интересы грузинских политических единиц к названным сторонам не всегда были одинаковы. Изменчивость интересов была обусловлена внутренними и внешними факторами.

Первая половина XVII в. характеризовалась вооруженной агрессией и дипломатическим давлением Ирана на Восточную Грузию. Старание иранских шахов поставить Теймураза I в положение вассала, для царя было неприемлемым. Но из-за своих социально-политических и экономических условий, несмотря на сопротивление, Восточная Грузия не могла одна противостоять агрессии Ирана, который открыто старался проводить в Восточной Грузии политику инкорпорации и геноцида.

680

Теймураз всячески старался найти силы для противостояния Ирану. Такое положение привело Теймураза и его послов ко двору повелителей Османской империи, государств Европы и России.

Во время военного противостояния с Ираном Османская империя удовлетворялась постепенной инкорпорацией Самцхе и, в отличие от XVI века, не только в отношении Восточной Грузии, но и в отношении «покровительствуемой» Западной Грузии проводила «мягкую» политику. Османская империя старалась обратить в свою пользу борьбу Теймураза против Ирана, и остальную Грузию особо не тревожила. Россия против Османской империи пока еще проводила оборонительную борьбу. Обострение отношений с Россией не входило в интересы Османского правительства. Поэтому оно закрывало глаза на активизацию отношений Имеретинского царства и России, так как Россия не считала Османскую империю серьезным противником в Закавказье. Урегулирование отношений между этими двумя большими государствами должно было быть ускорено тем, что у них был общий враг в лице Польши. Но этого не произошло из-за того, что покорное Османской империи Крымское ханство постоянно нападало на южные районы России и разоряло их. Крымчаки однажды (в 1632-1633 гг.) дошли даже до Москвы. Почти также поступали находящиеся в подчинении Польши донские казаки и не всегда послушные Московскому правительству днепровские казаки в отношении населенных пунктов Османской империи на побережье Черного моря. Иногда казаки доходили и до Стамбула.

В то же время, в условиях противостояния с Ираном Османское правительство старалось сохранить сферы влияния хотя бы на Кавказе, установленные Амассийским перемирием. Как отмечал В.Габашвили, Амассийское перемирие представлял собой инструмент ирано-османской агрессивной политики в отношении Закавказья в XVI-XVII вв. Оно стало «осью» ирано-османских отношений, вокруг которой крутились вопросы, связанные с Закавказьем. Потому Османская империя как бы не замечала сближения Одишского княжества с Ираном. В такой ситуации было бы неоправданным стремление грузинских политиков во главе с Теймуразом I к Европе для создания антиосманской коалиции, тогда, как нужно было остановить Иран, который в Восточной Грузии то осуществлял прямую агрессию, то действовал посредством своих сателлитов, а против Имеретинского царства использовал Одишское княжество.

Следует отметить, что грузинские дипломаты в XVII в., как и прежде, старались (и иногда успешно), использовать в своих интересах противостояние между Ираном и Османской империей.

Долгое время в центре внимания исследователей находится отправленноей в Западную Европу Теймуразом I посольство во главе с Никифором Ирбахом (Николоз Чолокашвили). Почти все исследователи

681

единогласно заявляют, что целью посольства было создание антиосманской коалиции, что, по моему мнению, противоречит историческим источникам и логически не отражает действительности. Целью царя Теймураза было подыскать в Европе антииранские, а не антиосманские силы. Этот интерес привел его дипломата ко двору Испанского короля, который по предположению Теймураза и его сторонников должен был быть настроен против Ирана. Но оказалось, что противостояние Испании и Ирана не было столь сильным, чтобы она заботилась о создании антииранской коалиции. Поэтому Никифором Ирбахом и придворными Испанского короля вместо антииранского плана Теймураза I был создан план антиосманской коалиции. Когда испанскому правительству стало известно, что план Теймураза I полностью противоречит принятому в Мадриде решению, дипломатические отношения между Картли-Кахети и Испанией прервались.

Грузинские политики, безрезультатно прозондировав в разных странах почву для союзничества, сочли Россию потенциальным союзником для обороны от агрессора. По их мнению, несмотря на противоречия между Россией и Ираном, у них были настолько серьезные общие интересы (торгово-экономические, противостояние обоих против Османского государства, желание господствовать на Северном Кавказе), что Россия более других государств могла оказать дипломатическое воздействие на Иранское правительство. В случае, если бы отношения с Россией не имели желаемого эффекта и российское войско не пришло бы в Грузию, грузины должны были получить хотя бы финансовую помощь и оружие. По их предположению, Россия, исходя из своих прагматических интересов, должна была помочь грузинской антииранской силе. Сильная в военном отношении, антиирански настроенная Грузия, должна была устраивать Москву. К тому же, немаловажным фактором было единоверие грузин и русских.

Несмотря на то, что во время переговоров с шахом московские дипломаты всегда выдвигали вопрос Грузии и по принципу единоверия выступали даже ее защитником, из-за своих внутренних и внешних проблем Россия дальше этого продвинуться не смогла. Гражданская война и интервенция сильно ослабили активность внешней политики Московского государства. То же самое можно сказать и о кавказской политике России. Поэтому уверенность Теймураза I в том, что с помощью Москвы он сможет отразить агрессию Ирана, с самого начала была обречена на крах. Если б даже не это, защита Грузии от соседей-мусульман, ее объединение или усиление не входили в перспективный внешнеполитический план Москвы, что явно проявилось в середине XVII

682

века. Такой же оставалась политика России в отношении Грузии до конца XVIII века.

Грузинские политики также думали с помощью России остановить нападения северокавказцев и открыть безопасный путь на Москву.

Первая половина XVII века - в основном период активной деятельности Теймураза I. По всей Грузии чувствовались его энергия и упорство, верность и преданность православной вере. Все, что происходило в тогдашней внутренней и внешней политике Грузии, управлялось царем Теймуразом или было направлено против него. Трагедия его семьи и близких черным туманом висела над страной.

Как грузинских, так и в иностранных документах того времени и в нарративных источниках рельефно видны эпизоды измены, вероломства и жестокости, поощряемые извне. Видно, как царь Теймураз искал выход из создавшегося положения, использовал или старался использовать все, более или менее значительные возможности, чтобы спасти страну от физического уничтожения.

В книге особое место занимает деятельность героя эпохи - Теймураза I. Периодически он был царем Кахети, Картли-Кахети или, преследуемый шахами, укрывался в Имерети и Османской империи, но всегда вел активную политическую деятельность.

В труде по отдельности рассмотрены внешняя политика и дипломатия крупных политических единиц Грузии первой половины XVII века (Картлийское царство царя Ростома, Имеретинское царство Гиорги II и Александра III, Одишское княжество Левана Дадиани). Они больше трудились для связи между собой или друг против друга. С 30-х годов того же столетия в результате проводимой иранским шахом политики окончательно сформировались две противостоящие друг другу грузинские группы – Теймураз I - Александр III и царь Ростом - Леван II Дадиани. Между ними часто были вооруженные столкновения. У каждой группы была свой внешнеполитическая ориентация: у первой – на Россию, у второй – на Иран. Московский правитель лишь кормил ориентированных на него грузинских политиков обещаниями, а иранские шахи, которые лучше знали Грузию и у которых на службе были многие грузинские вельможи, достигали больших успехов.

Исследуемый период полон эпизодов борьбы дипломатическими средствами и вооруженной борьбы с внешними врагами Грузии и междоусобиц. Несмотря на огромные жертвы, грузинский народ смог сохранить свою самобытность. Даже мусульманин Ростом-хан, считал себя грузином и делал грузинское национальное дело.

Как в I, так и во II томе настоящей монографии читатель обратит внимание на недостаточность грузинских письменных источников по исследуемым вопросам. Но если мы взглянем на трудное прошлое нашей

683

страны, то все станет понятно. Мы почти не имеем ни одного грузинского документа или предания о тех грузинских дипломатах (и не только представленных в настоящем исследовании, но и более раннего периода), о деятельности которых весьма подробно сообщают русские, западноевропейские, а также (хоть и редко) восточные документальные и нарративные источники. Такое положение не могло быть результатом только частых нападений внешних врагов и феодальных междоусобиц или стихийных бедствий. Предположительно, царский двор и чиновничий аппарат сознательно уничтожали документы, отражающие политические отношения с разными странами, чтобы они не попали в руки правителей исламских государств и не стали известными дипломатические отношения грузинских политиков с теми странами, которые часто находились в противостоянии с нашими соседями. Ведь главной заботой грузинских политиков был поиск союзников против них. Опасность грозила не только разработчикам внешнеполитического курса, но и его непосредственным исполнителям. Сохранение документов, отражающих их дипломатическую деятельность, видимо, было нежелательным. Одной из причин могло быть и то, что грузинские цари, отправляя послов и других представителей за рубеж, давали им задания особой важности устно (такая практика была характерна и для дипломатических служб других стран), и те были обязаны свои ответы сообщать также в устной форме.

684

pirTa, geografiul da eTnikur saxelTa saZieblebi*

pirTa saxelebi

a abaza faSa (arzrumis beglarbe-

gi), baxa baxa rebelde (142, 143, 146, 198, 239-241, 257, 258)

abanios marko antonio (warmo-SobiT somexi) 185, 191

abas I ix. Sah abas I abaSiSvili qeTevani 494

abaSiZe levan (kaTalikosi) 526 abaSiZe malaqia (kaTalikosi)

526 avaliSvili 147 avTandili (giorgi saakaZis va-

Ji) 541 avitabile don pietro (kaToli-

ke misioneri) 54, 214, 267, 276, 284-289, 292, 294-296, 303, 304, 306, 308-312, 316-321, 323, 227-329

aTanasio (berZeni arqidiakoni) 215, 219, 222, 229

akile venerio (vatikanis stam-bis erT-erTi xelmZRva-neli) 270

akofaSvili g. 204, 208, 209, 214, 217, 265, 266, 283, 649, 651, 660

alaverdi xani (farsis beglar-begi, gamoCenili saxel-

mwifo moRvawe, Sah abas I-is sardali) 2, 18, 26, 31, 49

alasania g. 589, 628, 660 al-aSraf said ad-din kaitbei

ix. kaitbei al-aSraf sa-id ad-din

alah-verdi ix. alaverdi xani alba (hercogi, neapolis vice-

mefe) 221, 240, 247, 249, 253, 221

aleqsandre (abramis Svili), TuS-xevsur-fSavTa elCi 454

aleqsandre batoniSvili ix. aleqsandre III imereTis mefe

aleqsandre I ix. aleqsandre II aleqsandre didi (makedoneli)

231 aleqsandre levanis Ze ix. aleq-

sandre II aleqsandre (imereTis mefe gi-

orgi II-is Svili) ix. aleqsandre III

aleqsandre II (kaxeTis mefe, 1534-1605) 14, 31, 38, 40, 42, 43, 52, 54, 373, 377, 386 389, 393, 418, 420, 421, 614, 536, 657

aleqsandre, svimon I-is elCi

* Seadgines m. inasariZem da m. CxaiZem

685

181, 182, 185, 186, 191-194 aleqsandre (Teimuraz I-is um-

rwemesi Ze) 72, 73, 103, 125, 134, 299

aleqsandre II-is memkvidreebi 16 aleqsandre VI (romis papi) 153,

154, 161-163 aleqsandre (imereTis batoniS-

vili) ix. aleqsandre III (imereTis mefe)

aleqsandre (qarTveli) ix. aleqsandre II

aleqsandre (Teimuraz I-is siZe) ix. aleqsandre III

aleqsandre (imereTis mefe) ix. aleqsandre III

aleqsandre III (imereTis mefe 1639-1660) 7,11,82, 282, 311, 313, 319, 340, 341, 353, 396, 402, 403, 408, 411, 412, 415, 420, 434, 437-439, 456, 457, 460, 468, 478-481, 493, 495, 506, 508, 520, 541-548, 550-562, 564-573, 575, 585-587, 612, 631.

aleqsandre III-is elCebi 340 aleqsandre xani ix. aleqsandre

III aleqsiZe aleqsi 442 aleqsi mixeilis Ze (ruseTis me-

fe 1645-1676) 396-400, 403, 404, 406, 409, 412, 414, 416, 423-426, 431, 432, 443, 445, 446, 450, 451, 453, 456, 458, 461, 464, 470, 480, 506, 509, 544, 547, 552, 555, 557-561, 563, 564, 567-570, 572-574

aleqsi mixeilis Ze (ufliswu-li) 348,360

aleqsi (Savi mRvdeli) 346 aleqsandre (giorgi III-is vaJi)

ix. aleqsandre II (imer-Ta mefe)

ali saltan murza 457 alvaresi antonio (espaneTis

mefsi vikariusi) 226

ali (ibn abu talibi, 602-661) me-oTxe `marTlmorwmune“ xalifa 20,23

alibeki (yumuxeli Tavadi) 102 ali yuli xani (iraneli sarda-

li) 93 amirevi ix. feSangi amiris Ze

faSvibertya Ze _ xiTa-riSvili

alfaet bei ix. yvaryvare IV ambasa faSa ix. abaza faSa abrozio (avgustineli beri) 208 amilaxvari anduyafar 50 amilaxvari ioTam 498 amilaxvari nodar 498 ana (mamia II gurielis asuli,

Teimuraz I-is meuRle) 52

andronikaSvili adam (kaxeli Tavadi) 68

andronikaSvili adam sultan (Sahis disSvili) 499

anduyafar amilaxvari – ix. ami-laxvari anduyafar

anTelava i. 299, 300, 375, 577, 634, 578-580, 589, 592, 600, 602, 644, 660

anri IV (safrangeTis mefe, bur-bonebis dinastiis dama-arsebeli, 1589-1610) 24

antonio perenoni (granvelis mbrZanebeli, espaneTis mefe karl V-is mrCeve-li) 166

aragvis erisTavi nugzar 68 aragoniis mefe 28, 189 arzrumis beglarbegi 132 areSiZe dimitri ezekielis Ze

457, 458, 474 arseni (arqidiakoni Cudis mo-

nastridan) 347 arseni (episkoposi) 355 arseni (aTonis simon-petras mo-

nastris arqimandriti) 121, 213

arsen IV (saqarTvelos patriar-

686

qi 1241/42-1249/50 w.w.) 158 arseni (alaverdeli mitropo-

liti) 403, 431 artimon (evdemon) arqimandriti

562 arqanjelo lamberti (kaTolike

misioneri) 36, 45, 46, 53, 55, 57, 278, 282, 283, 637-640, 647, 578, 579, 585, 587, 586

arCil II imereTis mefe (1661-1663, 1678-1679, 1690-1691, 1695-1696, 1698, qarTlis mefe vaxtang V-is Ze) 44, 45, 56, 58, 59, 64, 73, 408, 482

asaTiani l. 660 aslaniSvili daviT 73 astraxanis boiari 437 astraxanis voevodebi 441, 457 afanasievi andria 318 aRaTang xerxeuliZe ix. xerxeu-

liZe aRaTang aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis saxa-

noebis gamgeblebi 392 aCik-baSi ix. baSi aCuki ahmed faSa 635 ahmed I (1603-1617) osmaleTis

sulTani 75, 95, 131 ahmed xan dirazis Ze ix. kikola

SalikaSvili

b bagrati (kaxeTis ufliswuli,

ganagebda kaxeTs bag-rat-xanis saxeliT 1615-1619 wlebSi) 41

bagrati (kaxeTis ufliswuli, svimon I-is Zmis – daud-xanis vaJi) 41, 75, 93, 137

bagrati (aleqsandre III-is Ze) 556-560, 562, 609

bagrati (daud-xanis Zma) 493 bagrationebi 65, 421, 428

bagrationi antoni 655, 660 baCia (albaT, giorgi IV dadia-

nis damaxinjebuli saxe-li) 586

badaxosi garsia de, garsia de badaxosi 156

baraTaSvili revaz 449 baramiZe al 408, 660 barbar ix. barbare barbara ix. barbare barbari () ix. barbare barbare (aragvis erisTavis asu-

li, Tanamecxedre oman ColoyaSvilisa, niko-loz (nikifore) irbaxis deda 205-207

bariatinski m. k. 108, 109 basili (wm.) 150, 161, 863 basilianeli beri 222 basris osmalo faSa 200 baSi aCuki (imereTis mefe) 138,

182-183, 186 baxa baxa rebelde ix. abaza fa-

Sa beglar begi 169 beguni qeTevani (saqarTvelos

dedofali; gurjistanis, igive albanis [kaxeTis] mmarTvelis deda) 60

beJia CxeiZis qali 556 barberini 278 beri egnataSvili 400 berZeniSvili n. 38, 43, 85, 389,

468, 429, 579, 660 beqa III ix. safari 448, 481, 503 bibileiSvili c. 54, 662 biZina daviTis Ze (aznauri) 457,

474 biZina (ivanes kaci) ix. biZina

(Tarjimani) biZina (Tarjimani) biZina (ivanes

kaci) 408, 440 boiarCikovi ivane (aleqsandre

mefis mTargmneli) 508 bolkonski f-s elCoba 392 bombarik ofanasi 399

687

boris godunovi 123, 615 boris Tedores Ze 78, 79, 90, 117 bormasovi tixon 121 bocvaZe T. 39, 40, 76, 84, 86, 374,

604, 661 brose m. 566, 574, 641 buinosov-rostovski (astraxanis

voevada) 148 bulgakovi grigol (Sikriki)

398, 399, 401, 407 bulat-begi (Sah-abas I-is elCi)

96, 108, 115 burnaSovi i. 110, 115 burjanaZe S. 540, 661 burWulaZe r. 83, 661 buxarovi al. 70 buSevi p. p. 41

g gabaSvili v. 17, 27, 29, 30, 33,

199, 315, 601 gabaSvili timoTe 206, 207, 211,

321, 647, 666 gabriel mTavarangelozi 206 gagari vasili 510, 513, 517 gamezardaSvili z. 203, 204, 208,

210 ganjis xani 317, 444 garsia de badaxosi ix. badaxo-

si garsia de gegenava gabriel (levan II-is

elCi moskovSi) 580, 593, 598, 560, 601

germane arqimandriti 443 germaneli eqimi 345 germaniis imperatori 17, 120 gvilelmo (portugalieli pat-

ri) 208, 209 gvinayali 557 gvritiSvili d. 68, 589, 590, 661 giorgaZe b. 203, 615, 661, 638 giorgi ufliswuli (kaxeTis me-

fe-aleqsandre II-is Ze) 31, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 79, 131

giorgi II (imereTis mefe) 101, 106 giorgi III (imereTis mefe 1605-

1634) 87, 299, 300, 313, 324, 495, 520, 525-527, 533-535,

537, 541-544 giorgi V brwyinvale 151 giorgi X (qarTlis mefe 1600-

1606) 31, 48-50, 54, 70, 82, 83, 89

giorgi (berZeni mRvdeli) 145 giorgi (wm.) 122 giorgi saakaZe ix. saakaZe gior-

gi giorgi liparteliani 375 giorgi (imereTis mefe) 553 giorgi (Teimuraz I-is biZa) 361 giorgi mdivani 573 giorgi ufliswuli 396 giorgi (qarTveli àsisTavi“)

354 giorgi (Teimuraz I-is SviliSvi-

li) 399, 423, 424, 426 giorgi (Cerqezi) 492 giorgi (qarTveli, igive sabax-

tari, levan dadianis mociqulis mociquli) 553, 610, 611

girei (tarkis mTavari) 71, 102 godunovi boris 419, 482 godunovi borisis qal-vaJi 421 govea fransis antonio de [(1575-

1628) espaneTis mefis elCi, portugalieli mi-sioneri da istorikosi, avgustineli beri] 32

golovini petre (astraxanis vo-evoda, Tergis voevoda) 69,70, 80, 89, 138, 142)

golovini v. (Tergis voevoda) 527

golSteinis hercogi 641 gorgijaniZe farsadan (istori-

kosi) 47, 55, 57, 64, 81, 82, 314, 319, 321, 325, 395, 400, 460, 461, 492, 494, 496, 499-502, 526, 543, 544, 629, 667

688

gorixvastovi dimitri 456, 570, 571

goCaSvili 499 gramotini ivane (mdivani) 124,

129, 131, 134, 135 granJe lui (kaTolike misione-

ri) 208, 209, 528-532 grigolia k. 549, 576, 661 grigoli (TeTri mRvdeli mos-

kovis aRdgomis monas-tridan) 347

grigoreviCi fedka (mogzauri vaWari) 145

grigol sidoriCi 451 grigolis Ze ivane (Tavadi) 402-

404 guguSvili p. 273, 661, 665 gulbekiani r. (istorikosi) 25,

662 gurieli 54, 468, 469, 576 gurieli giorgi 525, 527, 531 gurieli demetre svimonis Ze

575 gurieli Tamari 580, 581 gurieli malaqia 541 gurieli mamia, guriis mTavari,

guriis mefe 52, 102, 104, 105, 138, 331, 333-335, 337

gurieli mamias simamri 532 gurielis macne 592 guriis mTavari 495, 500 guruli 521 guruli k. 583 gurjicki bogdan 615 gusmani don enrike 181

d dadiani ix. levan II dadiani dadiani ivane 210 dadiani levan II ix. levan II da-

diani dadiani luka 210 dadianis elCi 376 daviT mRvdeli, monazoni (Tei-

muraz I-is elCi) 341 daviT winaswarmetyveli 295, 405 daviT XI [daud-xani, qarTlis

mefe (1569-1578)] 19, 488 daviT ufliswuli (Teimuraz I-

is Ze) 79, 231, 330, 348, 352, 355, 361, 362, 364, 366, 377, 382, 392, 396, 400, 413, 416, 430, 444, 488, 546, 457

daviTi (aleqsandre II-is vaJi, Teimuraz I-is mama) 43, 44, 79, 230, 231

davriJeci araqel (istorikosi) 65, 66

dakul saltane (Sahis elCi) 443 danilovi rusin 106, 536 darejani (luarsab II-is da, si-

mon mefis SviliSvili) 53 (ixileT xoreSani)

daniis mefe 351 darejan dedofali (Teimuraz I-

is asuli) 53, 413, 543, 573, 574

darejani (imerTa mefis asuli, zurab aragvis erisTa-vis qvrivi) 282, 299, 313

daud-xani (svimon I-is Zma) 93 dadian-guriel-ServaSiZis kavSi-

ri 537 danilovi ivane (kostromeli

rusi, taZris kedlis momxatveli, xatTmweri) 506-508, 517

dedisimedi (qaixosro III aTaba-gis qvrivi, manuCar II-is deda) 167, 179

de viliela xuan 237, 238, 244, 245, 253, 254

de lai nasosa (markizi) 249 de laserda luis pereira (por-

tugalieli diplomati) 225

de lemosi (grafi) 245 delu-meliqi (Sirvanelebis me-

Tauri) 74 de montes klarosi (markizi)

689

227, 243, 244 de oniate (grafi, germaniis el-

Ci romSi) 220, 244, 255, 256

de san lukari (hercogi) 227, 243, 244

de san feliCe xuan vinseno (bandios grafi) 249, 252

de segorbe (grafi) 244 de sifuentesi (grafi) 156 de feria (hercogi) 245 de CinCo (de monterei grafi)

243-245 diarbegi 194 diasamiZe evdemoz I [kaToali-

kos-patriarqi (1632-1640)] 328, 375, 517

didi mTavari ix. aleqsi mixei-lis Ze

didi mouravi ix. saakaZe giorgi didi xelmwifis veziri 372 didi xelmwife ix. mixeil Te-

dores Ze dimitri (moskovis didi mTava-

ri) 127 dinara (dedofali) 104 dionisius II (konstantinopolis

patriarqi, 1546-1555) 165 dodua 193 dominikaneli beri 310 don avgustin mesia 244, 245, 280 don garsia (espaneTis mefis

elCi) 19, 20 dondua v. 448, 660 doneli kazakebi 563, 565, 573-573 don kritoforo de kasteli

(kaTolike misioneri) 193, 593, 640

don mateo santo mango (kliri-kosebis generali) 319

don pietro avitabile (kaToli-ke misianeri) 495, 613, 627, 633, 636, 638, 642

don pietro dela vale (mogzau-ri) 50-54, 62, 576

don fernando xironi 244

don xuan de vinsensio 280 don jakomo di stefano 306,

309-311 don judiCe milaneli

(kaTolike misioneri) 637-639, 642, 644

don juzepe ilaneli (kaTolike misioneri) 203

don juzepe judiCe (kaTolike misioneri) 653

dosiTeos II (ierusalimis ber-Zeni patriarqi, 1669-1707) 274, 275, 335, 520, 596, 655

duabaZe m. 448, 660

e egnataSvili beri (istorikosi)

72, 86, 441 evgenius IV (romis papi, 1431-

1447) 162, 163 evdemon arqimandriti 566 evlia Celebi (Turqi mogzauri)

520, 522, 524, 530, 579, 629, 662

ezekieli 460 elene aTabagi 593 elene (erekle I-is deda) 573 elene (dadianis asuli) 375 elene dedofali (Teimuraz I-is

Svilis – daviTis meuR-le) 427, 441, 443, 450, 478, 509

eliozi (qristes kvarTis mcxe-TaSi momtani) 119

eliozis da 119 emanuil de santosi 24 entoni Sirli ix. Sirli entoni epifane (golgoTis episkoposi)

123 erekle (aleqsandre II-is vaJi)

43 erekle batoniSvili ix. erek-

le/nikolozi erekle/nikolozi (ufliswul

690

daviTis Ze) 404, 417, 424, 426, 427, 429, 433, 437, 438, 440-443, 445, 447, 449, 450, 482, 505, 508, 509, 513, 561, 566, 610, 611

erekle mirza ix. erekle/niko-lozi

erisTavi zurabi (giorgi saaka-Zis colis Zma, svimonis mkvleli) 296, 313482, 492, 500

erisTavi zurabis qali 492 erisTavi iese 50 erisTavi nugzar 50, 68 ermolki (Tarjimani) 91 espaneTis kaTolike mefe 269 espaneTis mefe 155, 185-189, 197,

201, 212, 218, 227-229, 231-237, 239, 241, 243, 244, 252, 257, 262, 268, 290, 307, 342, 363, 371

espaneTis saelCos TanamSrome-li – Tarjimani 175

espaneTis samefo karis avstrie-li naTesavebi 170

v vaCeiSvili j. 200-204, 212, 217,

219, 230, 240, 241, 270, 273, 290, 372, 662

vameyis asuli (Teimuraz I-is SviliSvil leontize (luarsabze) dainiSna) 468

varaza oRlu jaikud-xani ix. kikola SalikaSvili

vasili iRumeni 560 vasili mRvdel-monazoni (Teimu-

raz I-is elCi) 544, 558 vasili (qarTveli, axlda mos-

kovis elCobas) 122 vasili Suiski 618 vaxtangi (bagrationebis gverdi-

Ti Stos warmomadgene-

li) 519 vaxtang muxran batoni 575 vaxuSti batoniSvili (istoriko-

si) 18, 83, 87, 93, 354, 400, 438, 439, 446, 488, 489, 533, 537, 580

vaxtang V Savnavazi (1658-1675) 408, 481, 482, 519

veliaminovi andrei stefanes Ze 461

veriovkini 97 vinsenti (karmeliti beri) 25-26 virgiliusi 311 vodinski Tedore Tedores Ze

(elCi) 346, 349, 356, 447, 566

volkonski Tedor Teodores Ze 506

voloSeninovi mixeil (saelCo prikazis diaki) 5, 17, 405, 542

vsevolodski ivane (boris go-dunovis elCi) 419

z zaal aragvis erisTavi 496, 498,

575 zagari (Cerqezi aznauri) 402 zarxozaSvili mariami (ingli-

surad mTargmneli) 3 zaqaria (elCi) 154, 156, 157, 160,

161 zaqaria episkoposi 355, 356 zaqaria kaTolikos-patriarqi

(1623-1632) 259, 288, 304, 306-308, 310

zaqaria mitropoliti 341, 564 zaxarini pavle 283-284 zebede arqiepiskoposi 355, 356,

360 zedginiZe g. 615, 616, 622 zvenigorodski (moskovis elCi)

419 zinovievi romani (Tarjimani)

691

453 zurab aragvis erisTavi 299, 575

T

TadeuSi (kaTolike misioneri) 30

TadeuSi (karmeliti beri) 25-26 Tavadi ivane (aleqsandres elCi)

544 Tamar mefe 151 TamaraSvili m. 161, 203, 205, 209-

210, 219, 229, 221, 271, 277, 279, 314, 321, 529-533, 637, 642, 649, 695

TarxniSvili m. 142, 221, 226, 259, 266, 267, 278-280, 339, 486, 662

Tarjimani 347 Tbileli elise 518 Tbiliseli vaWrebi 507 Tbilisis xani 401 Teatineli beri 285, 291 Teatineli istorikosi 205 Teatineli misionerebi 225 TeatinelTa ordenis berebi 211,

226, 247, 250, 310 Tedore arqiepiskoposi 305 Tedore ivanes Ze 78, 79, 96, 106 Tedore tobodini (bazieri) 347 Teimuraz I (naTlobis saxeli

Teofile), Teimuraz xa-ni, kaxeTis mefe (1606-1648), qarTl-kaxeTis me-fe (1625-1632) 2, 7, 11_15, 34, 38, 42, 44, 46, 47, 50-64, 66-77, 81-83, 85-95, 97-113, 116-125, 127-136, 138, 141-149, 189, 191, 193, 194, 196, 197, 199, 201-206, 211-219, 222, 227-234, 238-241, 243, 253, 254, 257-262, 264, 266-268, 270-283, 285, 289-290, 292, 296-301, 304-319, 321-328, 330-355, 357-407, 409-416, 418, 421, 423-451, 454-481, 483-486, 488, 492-499, 501,

503, 505, 506, 508-510, 513-519, 525-529, 532-540, 543-546, 549, 553, 554, 557, 577, 603, 604, 606, 609-611

Teimuraz I-is ori dasaWurise-buli vaJi 356

Teimuraz ufliswuli ix. Teimu-raz I

Teimuraz xani ix. Teimuraz I Teimuraz I-is meuRle 457 Teimuraz I-is SviliSvilebi 457 Teimurazi ix. Teimuraz I Teofane (beri, Teimuraz I-is

elCi) 412, 441 Teofanis III [(1608-1644) ierusa-

limis patriarqi] 54, 99, 122, 212, 213, 215-219, 229, 230, 233, 262, 294, 333, 355

Teodote elCini 283 Teodore stratilati (wm) 122 Teodore episkoposi ix. Teodo-

re reviSvili Teodore reviSvili, mangleli,

episkoposi 74, 95, 97, 122, 124, 125, 129, 130, 207, 213, 309

Teofile ix. Teimuraz I Tergis voevodebi 350, 452, 453,

597 Tergis pristavi 101 Tergis strelecebis Tarjimani

101 TinaTini/lela-elene SearCies

sarZlod boris godu-novis vaJisTvis 421

TinaTini an lela luarsab II-is da, Sah abas I-ma iT-xova 18, 22, 50, 51

TinaTin batoniSvili (Teimura-zis Svili) 324

TinaTin Ziba (pietro dela va-les coli) 53

Toma (berZeni, axlda elCobas) 122

Turqi elCi 70 TurqeTis batoniSvili, mefe 416

692

TurqeTis mefe 318, 534 TurqeTis sulTani 185, 575

i iakob mefe [jeimz I, inglisis

mefe (1603-1625)] 34 iase (qsnis erisTavi) 496 iayub xan-beg yaramanlu ix. yar-

manlu iayub xan begi 6 iberiisa da qarTvelebis mefe

256 iberiis elCoba 245 iberiis mefe ix. qarTvelTa mefe ibrahim feCevi ix. feCevi ibrahim ievlevi aleqsi (ruseTis elCi)

396, 402, 406, 411, 412, 413, 414, 431, 548, 551, 552, 556, 566

ievlevi da toloCanovi 506 ievlevi klimenti (aleqsi iev-

levis vaJi) 412, 414 ierusalimis mefe 189, 195 ierusalimis patriarqi 201, 328 ierusalimis wm. sabas monas-

tris beri 123 ierusalimis wm. sabas monas-

tris monazoni 123 iese ufliswuli (giorgi mefis

Svili) ivane (ivanes Svili) 454 ivane vasilis Ze 70, 73, 106, 536 ivanovi ivacko (meTeme glexis

Svili) 195 ivane (Teimuraz I-is mier mos-

kovSi elCad gagzavni-li) 441

ivane misioneri 209 ivane IV mrisxane (ruseTis mefe)

106, 536 ivane III 392 ivane mamukini (ivane maqsimes

Svili, aznauri) 427, 450, 451, 454

ivane mixeilis Ze (ufliswuli)

348, 360 ildar Samxali 318 ivane (ruseTis mefis sulieri

mama, Tavadi) 411, 412, 431, 433

ivane (moskoveli xatis ostati) 507, 518

ivane `WaSniki“ (Sikriki) 456 ivanovi abraami (qarTveli, ro-

melic moskovSi erek-les meriqife iyo) 483

ivanovi naum iveriis Zveli mefeebi 447 ildar Samxali 318 imamyuli-xani (undilaZe; ala-

verdi xanis ufrosi va-Ji. mamis sikvdilis Sem-deg Sahma farsis amir-Tamiroba uboZa) 19

imamyuli xani ix. undilaZe imamyuli-xani

imereTis mefe 104, 141, 377, 395, 434, 451, 460, 462, 463, 500, 520, 521, 523, 536, 537

imereTis elCebi 545, 547 imereTis politikosebi 549 imereTis ufliswuli 438 inglisis mefe 351 indoeTis mefe 189 inokenti IV [romis papi (1243-

1254)] 23 inokenti X [(romis papi (1644-

1655)] 644 ioane TadeuSi da vinsenti (kar-

meliti berebi) 25-26 ioanikei (monazoni) 122, 123 ioane mitropoliti 347 iosebi (ufliswulis daviTis

vaJi) 396 iosebi (arqimandriti) 349, 356 iosebi (patriarqi) 347 iosebi (sergievis samebis monas-

tris arqimandriti) 346 ioane (Tarjimani) 413 iranis mefe, ix. iranis Sahi iranis Sahi, iranis mefe 187, 190,

693

241, 248, 342, 352, 356, 504, 510, 513, 516, 535, 544, 547, 549

irbaxi nikifore ix. ColoyaSvi-li nikoloz (nikifore) irbaxi

irubaqiZe ColoyaSvili oman (gamoCenili sardali) 205

irakli (bizantiis keisari) 343 isa (ise xani) [Teimuraz I-is ga-

musulmanebuli biZaSvi-li] 73-74

isabeli, izabei 159 isaxani (yorCibaSi) 139, 144, 334 ismail II (Sahi, Sah Tamazi I-is

Svili) 193, 194 ismail-xani (Cerqezebis beladi),

mis asulze daaqorwina Sah abas I-ma robert Sirli 28

istomini iakosi (diaki) 399 isqander munSi, iskander munSi

(istorikosi) 18, 44, 45, 47-53, 59-62, 65, 74, 75, 77, 81, 83, 144, 240, 490

iuri batoniSvili (simonis vaJi – igulisxmeba giorgi X) 81

iustiane (bizantiis keisari) 233 iuSka Cmoni 359

k kadum faSa 194 kaetan Tianeli 25 kavkasiis politikosebi 482 kaTolike misionerebi 511 kaitbei ali-aSraf said ad-din

151 kakabaZe s. 44, 49, 55, 203, 664 kamenevi s. (saelCo prikazis

mwerali) 95, 121, 122, 131 kariWaSvili k. 327, 602, 662

karl V (espaneTis mefe hab-sburgeli) 164-166

karmeliti Tadeoz (katalanie-li patri) 209

kastiliis mefe 189 katuli 311 kacitaZe d. 37, 639, 663 kaWarava d. 58, 204, 414, 514 kaxeli bagrationebi 65 kaxeli Tavadebi 496 kaxeTis mefe 363, 375, 379, 397,

399, 442, 446, 456, 527, 549, 550

kaxTa mefe 78, 118 kaxTbatoni 492, 493 kekeliZe k. 205, 207-209, 211, 275,

327, 647, 649, 653 kikola bei ix. kokola SalikaS-

vili kirile I lukarisi [konstanti-

nopolis patriarqi (1612, 1620-1623, 1623-1633, 1633-1634, 1634-1635, 1637-1638)] 121, 274, 279, 292-294, 326-335

kirile (qarTveli, arqidiakoni) 121

kirile qristepuli (beri, kaxTa mefe aleqsandre II-is elCi moskovSi) 40, 43

kir-nilo ix. nilo klarki eduardi (inglisis

`moskovis kompaniis“ agenti) 34

klimenti VIII [romis papi (1592-1605)] 18, 52, 616

kluCarevi ivane (diaki) 392, 393, 407, 506

kozma (episkoposi) 355 kokola SalikaSvili 170, 171,

186 kondirevi i. 121 konstantine didi 231 konstantine mefe 372 konstantine sofia 212, 213, 231-

238, 241, 245, 251

694

konstantine I (kaxeTis mefe) 31, 41, 43, 61, 107, 109, 134, 158-166, 418, 419

konstantine II [qarTlis mefe (1478-1505)] 150-157, 161-163, 237

konstantine ufliswuli ix. konstantine I (kaxTa me-fe, aleqsandre II-is va-Ji)

korobini v. 115, 134 koSaevi mixeil 462 koja kaza seidi 630 kristobal de saalasari 167 kuvSinovi ostafei (diaki) 109,

134 kuzma svimonis Svili 453 kucia k. 36, 66, 639, 660, 663

l lala ix. mustafa lala faSa levan (mefe Teimuraz I-isa da

mamia gurielis asulis anas vaJi) 52, 73, 103, 125, 134

levani (imereTis mefe) 193, 195 levan bei ix. levani (kaxTa me-

fe) levani (kaxTa mefe) 180, 374, 447,

471-473 levani (Sahis biZaSvilis Svili)

499 levan I 539 levan II dadiani [odiSis mTava-

ri (1611-1657)] 2, 7, 11, 87, 101, 102, 104, 138, 171, 172, 179, 180, 209, 299, 300, 305, 306, 313, 324, 365, 374, 375, 385, 414, 434, 435, 437-440, 445, 458-460, 493, 521, 531-533, 540, 547, 553-556, 562-564, 566, 567, 468, 569, 572, 573, 575, 576, 579, 580, 582, 591, 600-604, 609, 610, 612,

626, 627 lever xani ix. luarsab II lela (f. gorgijaniZis mixed-

viT, luarsabis da, ro-melic SeirTo Sah abas I-ma) 49 ix. TinaTini

leonti (sadadianos mefe levan dadiani) ix. levan II dadiani

leontievi i.v. (ruseTis mefis despani) 89, 91, 109

lvovi grigori (diaki) 471, 598 liparit ieses Ze dadiani (le-

van II dadianis Zmis vaJi) 575, 657

lipartiani vamey 575 lipartiani giorgi 577, 579, 581 litvis mefe 351 liCini patricia ana 663 lixaCovi feodori (diaki) 507,

598 lomkaci jafariZe 560, 562, 566 lopuxini larion (saTaTbiros

diaki) 461, 462, 464, 473 luarsab I [qarTlis mefe (1527-

1550)] 48, 164, 165 luarsab II [qarTlis mefe (1606-

1615)], lever xani 18, 43, 49-51, 55-60, 62-64,. 66, 70, 73, 77, 81, 83, 91, 171, 172, 179, 180, 600, 617

luarsab II-is da 82 luarsab ufliswuli (Teimuraz

I-is vaJis – daviT uf-liswulis Svili) 396, 397, 399, 406, 410, 423, 424, 426, 457, 478, 479, 496

lui pereira de laserdasi (portugaliis elCi Sah abas I-is karze) 32

lui dege de kurmeneni 621 luis xili fernandesi 663 luka (patri) 210, 579 lukianovi ivane ix. ivane `lukini“ luCiali (euldi ali) 586

695

m maTe episkoposi 355 makiaveli 484 malaqia kaTalikosi 582, 646 mameselemi (vaWari) 115 mamia gurieli ix. gurieli ma-

mia mamia II gurieli [guriis mTava-

ri (1600-1625)] 570, 616 mamisTvaliSvili e. 14, 35, 43, 49,

50, 82, 90, 98, 100, 115, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 195, 206, 207, 213, 217, 246-267, 274, 294, 305, 337, 355, 373, 377, 383, 479, 502, 520, 558, 579, 593, 597, 614, 615, 646, 653, 663-664

mamuka batoniSvili 438, 439 mamuka (imereTis ufliswuli)

544 mamukini ivane ix. ivane mamukini manuil mefe ix. mamia gurieli manuCari ix. manuCar II manuCar I [odiSis mTavari (1590-

1611)] 25 manuCar II [aTabagi (1582-1613)] 31 manuCaris vaJi 376 margarita avstrieli 616 marTa ierusalimeli 647 mario skipano (pietro dela va-

les neapoleli megoba-ri) 53

mariami ix. mariam dedofali mariam dedofali (odiSis mTav-

ris levan II dadianis da, rostom mefis coli) 493-495, 502, 507, 543

markozi 596 martin dias de auqsSi 153, 154 mauro ix. saakaZe giorgi matiuSkini maqsim (diaki) 598 maqsime maqutaZe (1629-1657) 646,

647 maWaraZe v. 297, 298, 425, 462, 465,

467, 470-472, 474, 476 mahmad xan begi (elCi) 514-515 mahmed sali begi (iranis Sahis

elCi) 144, 145, 298 mahmadxan begi (rostom mefis

elCi) 504, 512, 515-516 mahmed aji (iranis Sikriki) 400 mgalobliSvili m. 205 mediCi (kardinali) 278 meliqiSvili g. 448, 600 melSior duS anJuSi (kaTolike

misioneri) 36, 193, 196, 639 memed II 258 meriki jon (ingliseli vaWari)

14 mesxeTis Tavadaznaurebi 377 mesxia S. 426, 429, 447, 448, 435,

452, 660 metimi (episkoposi) 292 metreveli e. 125, 206, 207, 646,

656 mehmed faSa 88 minadoi jovani tomazo 198 mikolai daviTis Ze ix.

erekle/nikolozi 458 mikolai daviTis Zis umcrosi

da 458 mikolai daviTis Zis ufrosi

Zma 458 mikolai (mitropoliti) ix. ni-

koloz (nikifore) irba-xi

minadoi jovani tomazo 198 miniatka (vaWari) 445 miqael mTavarngelozi 306 miqele mosko 485 miSecki efim (Tavadi) 392-393, 499 miSecki (rusi elCi) 506 miSecki v. 407 mixeil aleqsis Ze 396 mixeili (qarTveli, axlda el-

Cobas) 122 mixeil Tedores Ze, moskovis

xelmwife, didi xelmwi-fe, moskovis mefe, 75, 84, 85, 89, 90, 101, 104-107, 117,

696

120, 130, 133, 145, 284, 328, 330, 331, 333, 337, 340, 342, 343, 346-357, 359-362, 364, 366-373, 377, 381, 383, 385, 386, 388, 395, 396, 409, 425, 527, 536, 597

mixeil xucesi (nikifore tolo-Canovis sulieri mama) 412

movses kaTalikosi (somexTa patriarqi) 316

mose 349 moskovis mefe ix. mixeil Tedo-

res Ze moskovis mefis elCebi 345, 349,

392 moskovis xelmwife ix. mixeil

Tedores Ze mourav-faSa ix. saakaZe giorgi mouravi xani ix. saakaZe giorgi mohamed Taheri (Sah-abas II-is is-

torikosi) 373, 374, 400, 442, 444, 478, 481, 482, 498, 499

mohamed yuli begi (iranis elCi) 399, 415, 416, 509, 573

murad IV [sulTani (1623-1640)] 293, 520-523, 529, 550

muratoviCi Seferi 615 murdari (Cerqezebis mTavari) 85,

105 murTaza (Cildiris xidis begi)

140 mustafa lala faSa, lala 168-

173, 194 mustafa naima (Turqi istoriko-

si) 628, 696 mustafa I (1622-1623) 113 mustafa faSa ix. svimon I muxranis bagrationTa Sto 422 muhamed-beg biqdeli Samlu (Sah-

abas I kariskaci) 49 muhamedi (mahmadi, islamis dama-

arsebeli da politiku-ri moRvawe) 23

n navaris mefe 289 nakaSiZe n. t. 34, 64, 65, 107, 108,

121, 204, 315, 322, 339, 388, 400, 427, 428, 430, 444, 447, 448, 482, 509, 513, 618, 663-664

nasrolia falsafi (iraneli is-torikosi) 18, 19, 50, 135

natroSvili T. 104, 199, 315, 316, 620, 621, 623, 665

naum, ivanes Svili 454 neapolis vice-mefe, hercogi

alba 221, 240, 247, 249, 253

neapolis mefis nacvali 268 nestan-darejani [simon I-is me-

uRle, aleqsandre I-is (kaxTa mefis) da] 54

`nikala“ (aleqsandre III-is azna-uri) 134

nikifore 365, 366, 374, 378, 380, 381, 385, 386, 389

nikifore basilianeli ix. niko-loz (nikifore) irbaxa

nikifore berZeni (Teimuraz I-is diplomati da elCi) 47, 213-214, 305-306, 325-327, 335, 336, 339, 340, 343, 344, 349-351, 353, 367, 471, 508, 594, 598, 603

nikifore elCi 350, 365 nikifore mitropoliti 333, 340,

348, 354-360, 362, 364-366, 370-372, 392, 393, 430, 447

nikifore (wm. golgoTis mTis monastris iRumeni) 391, 552, 553

nikoloz ufliswuli (Teimuraz I-is Svilis – daviTis vaJi 336, 403, 410, 413, 432, 435, 573. ix. erekle I

nikoloz (nikifore) irbaxi, ColoyaSvili, nikifore

697

basilianeli, niCefore beri 25, 29, 124, 144, 160, 182, 191, 193, 196, 197, 200-214, 216-222, 266-273, 278-296, 306, 310, 326-328, 333, 342, 363, 371, 434, 440, 495, 596, 603, 633-635, 643

nilo (xucesi) ix. kir-nilo niCefore beri ix nikoloz (ni-

kifore) irbaxi. nodari 499о571

o odiSis mTavari 141, 395, 458, 495,

500, 538, 539, 542, 545, 639 odiSis mTavris elCi 528 ovidiusi 311 oliariusi adam 326 olivaresi de (grafi don enri-

ke gusmani) 181-184 omar-faSa – dadianis elCis

gamyoli 531 omari (uma ibn al-xatabi, mahma-

dis Tanamdgomi, Semoi-Ro muslimanuri wel-TaRricxva hijris mi-xedviT) 30

omanis Svili ColayaZe ix. niko-loz ColoyaSvili

omaniSvili qaixosro (ColoyaS-vili cnobili sarali da poeti) 66

ori episkoposi (medaviTneebi) 158

orsini gregori (dominikelTa patri) 59, 209

osmaleTis sulTani 141, 142, 240, 246, 256, 351

osman II [sulTani (1618-1622) 95, 113

otia (svimon gurielis vaJi) 582

p paata (g. saakaZis vaJi) 297

pavle TuSi 453 pavle V ix. paolo V pavle-simoni (karmeliti beri)

25-27 pavliaSvili q. (istorikosi) 23 paisiosi [ierusalimis patriar-

qi (1645-1660)] 335, 449 paiWaZe g. 297, 298, 425, 441, 445,

456, 460, 465, 467, 470-472, 476, 477, 509, 573, 574, 608, 632, 650, 656, 665

paolini stefane 270, 271 paolo (fexSiSveli karmoliti)

265 paolo V [romis papi (1605-1621)]

52, 250 papaSvili m. 566, 663 patrikievi gleb (diaki) 456, 470,

471 pedro de puvarilio (sastum-

ros patroni) 250 peresi antonio 168 petro, naumis Svili 454 pietro dela vale ix. don piet-

ro de la vale pirvelwodebuli stefane arqi-

diakoni (wm.) 122 plakido (wm.) 122 poroSini feodori 607 polievqtovi m. 74, 97, 503, 505-506 priklonski (Terg-qlaqis sarda-

li) 84, 85, 92 pronski i. p. (boiari, astraxa-

nis voevoda) 441, 509 prinCiSeviCi aTanase (ruseTis

elCi diiki) 68, 618 properciusi 311

J Jigment III vazi 615 Jidovinovi vasili (saqarTve-

loSi gagzavnili elCo-bis meTauri) 456, 459, 607

Jordania g. 37, 67, 144, 199, 204,

698

207, 208, 210, 214, 219, 226, 241, 243, 257, 266, 284, 287, 289, 291, 665

Jordania T. 44

r ramazani (qarTveli aznauri)

392, 434, 435, 552, 605 ratiani k. 448, 660 revazi (Tavadi, diplomati) 354 reviSvili Tedore mangleli

(Teimuraz I-is elCi mos-kovSi, arqiepiskoposi) 73, 113, 120, 213, 305

rexviaSvili m. 540, 542, 544, 577, 589, 665

romis papis warmomadgeneli 626 romodanovski i. p. (ruseTis el-

Ci) 41, 618 rostomi (aleqsandre II-is vaJi,

ymawvilobaSi gardaicva-la) 43

rostom-xani ix. rostom mefe rostom qarTlis mefe (1633-1658),

rostom-xani, Tbilisis-xani, xosro mirza, qai-xosro batoniSvili – daviT XI-is (daud-xanis) ukanono Svili wavkise-li glexis qalisagan 7, 11, 12, 15, 135, 137, 300, 314, 317, 320, 321, 323-325, 329, 402, 407, 412, 414-416, 434-436, 438, 442, 444, 445, 458, 459, 467, 480, 481, 484, 488-490, 492-496, 498-500, 512, 515-519, 525, 534, 538, 543, 549, 554, 572, 603, 610, 611

rostom mirza ix. rostom mefe rostomis elCi 513-515 rostomis elCis amala 514 rostom I 54 rudolf II (habsburgebis impe-

ratori) 21, 181, 188 rui freire d’andrada 200

rumlu Cingiz-begi (Sah-abas I-is elCi espaneTSi) 28

ruseTis elCi 342, 400 ruseTis xelmwife ix. mixeil

Tedores Ze ruseTis mezobeli qveynis mefe-

ebi 351 ruseTis mTavroba 351, 374 ruseTis patriarqi 348 ruseTis xelmwifis elCebi 350,

353, 354 rusTaveli episkoposi 380 rusTaveli SoTa ix. SoTa rus-

Taveli rusTaveli (romelic mokles

winaSe mefisa) 446 rusi elCi 422 rusudani (g. saakaZis meuRle)

296 rutski (mitropoliti) 280

s saakaZe giorgi, mauro, mourav-

faSa, mourav-xani, sam-xedro da politikuri moRvawe, didi mouravi († 1629) 17, 63, 64, 67, 68, 137-146, 148, 295-301, 313, 317, 321, 425, 488, 489, 511, 523, 540-542, 617

saakaZis elCebi 139 sabaxtari [igive giorgi qarTve-

li (Teimuraz I-is yofi-li aznauri)] 435, 610, 611

sadadianos mefe 463 sadadianos mTavari 436 savini semion (yazaneli rusi,

xatTmweri) 506 saiTiZe g. 448, 480, 665 saltane dakul (Sahis elCi)

450 saltani ix. sozame maqsimiCi sami sulTani (didZali mxedro-

biT) 444

699

samsunis faSa 145 sanaZiro 311 sandar faSa 94 sankta severina [Julio antonio

santoro di kaserta (kardinali)] 181, 183, 185, 189, 191

sarkmlebis CarCoebis ostati 345

saru xoja 62 safari (axalcixis faSa, yofi-

li beqa III) 140 safari (axalcixis faSa) 630, 631 safari xoja (somexi vaWari axa-

li julfidan) 28 safrangeTis elCi kontsantino-

polSi 529 safrangeTis elCi 530, 531 safrangeTis mefe 513 saqarTvelos elCi 346 saqarTvelos mefe ix. qarTvel-

Ta mefe sahakaZe rostom 321 sevasto 221 sezi (safrangeTis elCi) 142 seiti ahmed (arzrumis faSa) 630,

633 selim xani (kaxis mmarTvelad

daniSnuli) 324 selim xani I (ganjis beglarbe-

gi) 514, 522, 529 seteman ServaSiZis asuli 580 sefi-mirza ix Sah-sefi svaniZe m. 70, 88, 111, 112, 139, 166,

204, 245, 258, 522, 523, 528, 529, 531, 641, 666

svimon I [luarsab I-is vai, Sem-degSi qarTlis mefe (1556-1569, 1578-1600)], svi-mon-xani, svimon mefe 14, 18, 31, 58, 62, 93, 94, 164, 173-180, 182, 184-189, 191-195, 313, 390, 614

svimon I-is meuRle nestan dare-jani (kaxTa mefis – le-vanis asuli, aleqsandre

II-is da) 31] svimon I-is SviliSvili – Tina-

Tini (giorgi X-is asu-li, luarsab II-is da) 18

svimon-xani ix. svimon I svimoni (kaxeTis gamgebel bag-

ratis vaJi) 137 svimon I aris Zma daud-xanis

(daviT XI-is) Svili, ga-muslimebuli bagratio-ni (bagrat VII), qarTlis mmarTveli 75, 175

svimon mefe ix. svimon I svimoni (zaqarias Svili) 454 svimon II-s Sah abasma SerTo Ta-

visi SviliSvili (qaliS-vilisagan) – yorCibaSis asuli janbanumi 490

svimon II (qarTlis mefe) 614 svimonis qali 501 svimon gurieli 539, 582 svimon mefis ufrosi vaJi 195 sileg – mahmud (Teimuraz mefis

elCi) 77 sio (g. saakaZis mamis damaxinje-

buli saxeli) 297 simoni (qarTlis mefe) ix. svi-

mon I simoni (mefe, Turqulad musta-

fa faSa) 179, 180 siciliis (orivesi) mefe, sici-

liis vice-mefe 189, 249, 255

smirnovi n.a. 121 sozame maqsimiCi, saltani

(xevisberi) 480, 482 somexTa kaTalikosi 319 sofia (zoia) paleologi 563 sofromi ix. sofroniusi sofroniusi, sofromi [ierusa-

limis patriarqi (1579-1608)] 122, 123

sparsi mefe 190 spiridonovi matvei (aleqsi mi-

xeilis Zis Sikriki) 401, 402, 416

700

stefane V [somxebis patriarqi (1545-1564)] 165, 166

stoianovi ilia (rusi diploma-ti, Tarjimani) 459, 466, 571, 607, 656

sulTan mahmudi 102 sulTan osman II 97 sulTani 371, 375, 376, 394 sulTani (osmaleTis) 72, 79, 80,

85, 102, 109, 118, 121, 293, 325, 329

sulTani 428, 429, 465, 466 surgulaZe a. 632, 666 suxanovi a. 379, 382, 510, 512, 513,

516-518

t tabaRua i. 20, 25, 31, 45, 46, 52-55,

57, 126, 149, 153, 155, 158, 161, 162, 183, 203, 204, 207, 208, 210, 212, 216-218, 220-233, 239, 242, 245, 250, 252-254, 260, 264, 267, 268, 272, 273, 282-284, 290, 291, 295, 296, 302, 304, 306, 311, 312, 320-322, 327, 328, 485, 529-533, 616, 622, 624-626, 641, 654, 660, 663, 666

tadeo jiovani de san eliozo (karmelitebis ordenis wevri) 52, 616

tavernie Jan-batist (XVII sauku-nis frangi vaWari da mogzauri) 521, 661

tatiana (aleqsi mixeilis Zis da) 406, 421, 463

tatiSvili vl. 445, 666 tatiSCevi (ruseTis elCi) 347,

421 ter-iakobi (marqariani) 127 tivaZe T. g. 11, 83, 85, 94, 106, 107,

132, 204, 258, 288, 281, 291, 311, 318, 344, 372, 401, 441, 449, 472, 477, 489, 535, 536,

630, 631, 652, 666 timofeevi bogdan (diaki) 92 tixonovi m. 70, 108 toloCanovi nikifore (mitropo-

liti; stolniki-sufra-ji, mefis magidis zedam-xedveli) 340, 341, 396, 402, 404, 406-414, 427, 430, 431, 434, 435, 437, 439, 440, 505-508, 546, 548, 550, 552, 553, 605, 609-611, 650, 655

toloCanovi nikoloz 558-560, 562, 564, 566

toskanisa da mantuas hercogi 278

translvaniis imperatori 188, 189

trapizonis faSebi 524 trubeckoi aleqsandre nikitas

Ze (Tavadi) 462, 473, 476, 477

tubila 311 turaSvili l. e. 667 tuRuSi a. 595-598, 667 tuxaSvili l. 58

u ulug beg baTaTi ix. uluR (uk-

ruC) beg baiaTi uluR (ukruC) beg baiaTi (SemdegSi xuan de per-

sia) 614 uTurgaiZe T. 607 undilaZe alaverdi-xani 198 undilaZe aliyuli-xani 334 undilaZe daud-xani (undilaZe,

alaverdi-xanis umcrosi vaJi, yarabaRis amirT-amira da yizlarTa to-mis meTauri) 19, 143, 144, 198, 200, 201, 241, 313-322, 334, 377, 493

undilaZe imamyuli-xani (Sira-zis gamgebeli) 197, 198,

701

200, 204, 241, 315-323, 489 undilaZe imamyuli-xanis asuli

333 undilaZeebi 147, 202, 313, 314, 317 urban VIII (romis papi _ 1623-

1644) 51, 54, 259-261, 270, 278, 303, 307, 308, 311, 604, 642

ufliswuli daviTi ix. daviT ufliswuli

f falavandiSvili fuSangi (qar-

Tlis Tavadi) 50 faqize imam yuli-begi (Sah abas

I-is elCi espaneTSi) 32 fedorovi (Tarjimani) 451 feiqar-xani (ganjis mmarTveli)

49, 73, 75 feiqar-xani (baxdis xani) 137 feiqar-xani 432 ferdinandi da izabela (espane-

Tis kaTolike mefeebi) 153-155, 158, 159

ferdinand II toskanis didi hercogi 565

fernandes luis xili 31, 149, 183, 215-218, 228, 236, 245, 252, 280

ferhad faSa 194, 195 feso barTolomeo 268, 302 feSangi falavandiSvili ix. fa-

lavandiSvili feSangi feSangi amiris Ze faSeibertyaZe

– xiTariSvili, feSang mdivani, àmirevi~ (mosyi-duli informatori) 408, 412, 440, 557

feSangi mdivani ix. feSangi ami-ris Ze faSviertyaZe – xiTariSvili

fiCevi ibrahim 139, 240, 520 filaret nikitas Ze (ruseTis

patriarqi) 125, 340 filipe II (espaneTis mefe) 167,

181-183, 185, 187-190. filipe III [(1598-1621) espaneTis

mefe] 24, 30, 32 filipe IV (espaneTis mefe) 183,

191, 201, 215, 216, 220, 228, 231-233, 246, 252-255, 257, 262, 263, 264, 371

filo mariam guadanio 267 florestaneli xose manuel ix.

xosemanuel florest-aneli

frankebis elCi 372 franCesko ingoli (propaganda

fides mdivani) 221, 303 franCesko riodolodi ix. rio-

dolodi franCesko fuTuriZe giorgi 520, 630 fuTuriZe vladimer 45 furcelaZe a. 667 qaixosro ix. omanaSvili qai-

xosro qaixosro II aTabagi 179 qaixosro Tavadi (Temuraz I-is

elCi moskovSi) 445 qaixosro (nikifores Zma) 205-207 qaixosro ColoyaSvili, Colo-

yaSvili qaixosro 66, 67, 301, 441, 509

qarTveli batoniSvilebi 421 qarTveli politikosebi 351 qarTveli potapko (papis agenti

astraxanSi) 444 qarTveli uliswulebi 444 qarTvelTa mefe, iberTa mefe,

saqarTvelos mefe 155, 164, 237, 238, 241, 242, 244, 247, 248, 252

qarTlis politikosebi 422 qarTlis mefe 511, 515, 527 qarTl-kaxeis mefe 222, 257, 261,

262, 268 qebulaZe r. 626 qeTevan dedofali (Teimuraz I-

is deda) 42, 50, 53, 62, 65, 67, 70, 72, 127, 128, 356, 416, 423

702

qemali (Semaxeli vaWari) 94, 95 qriste ieso 66, 113, 116, 119, 120,

135, 136, 152, 155, 157, 162, 227, 259, 260, 308, 309, 331, 332, 335-337, 341, 343, 347, 349, 351, 358, 366, 377-379, 381, 384, 388, 516

qristepuli kirile ix. kirile qritepuli

qristefore II kaTalikosi [ulubegisZe amilaxori (1642-1660)] 517

qristeforo kasteli ix. don qristoforo de kaste-li

qristiani bagrationebi 65 qristina ix. xoreSani qristian V 472 qristiani tyveebi 397 quTelia T. 626

y yalmuxeli tyve 346 yaramanlu iayub xanbegi, iayub

xan beg yaramanlu 81 yaraxani tokmak sulTani 176 yarCiRa xani 137, 138 yarCiRa xan sardlis asuli 137 yauxCiSvili simoni 18, 45 yvaryvare IV aTabagi (1573-1632)

166-168, 170, 172 yizilbaSi mefe 534 yizilbaSi Sahi 457, 568 yirimis xani 76, 85, 112, 351, 479 yorCibaSi 402 yorCiRa xani (karCi kai) 139 yumuxebis murza 457

S Sadiman sufraji (luarsab II-is

gamzrdeli) 82 SalikaSvili kokola 110 Samlu beqdeli mohamed med-begi

(Sah-abas I-is erT-erTi karis kaci) 49

Samxali 79 Sardeni Jani (mogzauri) 36, 205,

211, 520, 580, 649, 664, 665 Saqis mmarTveli 87 Saxmatovi m. (diplomatiuri

Sikriki) 91, 92 Saxovi al. (saeleCo prikazis

moxele, mwerali) 95, 101, 131

Saxovi T. 121, 122 Sah abas I (1587-1629) 15-19, 24, 27-

32, 34-41, 45-50, 52-54, 56-65, 67, 70-85, 87-96, 100, 103-121, 126, 127, 133-140, 142-145, 147, 148, 170, 171, 188, 193, 197, 198, 200, 206, 211, 214, 217, 223-225, 228, 240, 241, 257-259, 261, 296, 299, 301, 306, 317, 318, 321, 322, 324, 332-334, 336, 356, 363, 364, 375, 376, 380, 383, 384, 387, 419, 420, 422, 428, 429, 484, 507, 519, 525-528, 538, 539, 638

Sah abas I-is elCi 419, 488 Sah abas II [iranis Sahi (1642-

1666)] 395, 399, 401, 402, 406, 407, 410, 413, 415, 417, 428, 429, 432, 434, 436, 438, 439, 442, 443, 445, 450, 452, 456, 458, 462-467, 469, 477, 478, 481-483, 485, 489, 492, 505, 508, 509, 511, 513-515, 519, 549, 550, 610

Sah Tamaz I [iranis Sahi (1524-1576)] 18, 193, 418

Sahnavaz xani 483 Sah sefi, sefi I, sefi mirza (Sah

abas I-is SviliSvili) 145, 147, 314, 316, 317, 320, 322, 325, 350, 352, 353, 357, 363, 365, 385-390, 392, 395, 434, 439 ,492, 495, 496, 505, 629

Senbergi (reC pospolitas war-

703

momadgeneli) 641 Sengelia n. 138, 627, 628, 667 ServaSiZe seteman 580, 582 Sermazan ColoyaSvili ix. Co-

loyaSvili Sermazan SeSu (somexi vaWari) 506, 507 SvedeTis mefe, Sveciis mefeebi

351, 641 SioSi (julfeli vaWari) 27 Sirli entoni (ingliseli avan-

tiuristi) 24, 27 Suiski vasil [ruseTis mefe

(1606-1612) 11 SCelkalovi i. 399, 400

C Carqazi (Teimuraz I-is qalis

yma) 492 Cerkaski ivane borisis Ze 507 Cerqezebis mTavari 347 Ciqobava arn. 273, 667 CiCerini i. 108 ColoyaSvili baadur 207 ColoyaSvili bara (kaxeTis Ta-

vadi) 45 ColoyaSvili beena 207 ColoyaSvili beJani 207 ColoyaSvili garsevan 207 ColoyaSvili giorgi 382, 395-

400, 403, 423, 425 ColoyaSvili nikoloz (nikifo-

re) irbaxi ix. nikoloz (nikifore) irbaxi

ColoyaSvili oman 67, 206, 207, 211

ColoyaSvili revaz (saxlTuxu-cesi Tavadi) 354, 355

ColoyaSvili qaixosro ix. qai-xosro ColoyaSvili

ColoyaSvili Sermazan 6, 45, 65 CoCievi v. 491, 495, 602, 668 CxeiZe beJias qali 555

S cargradis sulTani ix. osmale-

Tis sulTani cincaZe i. 152-154, 156, 161, 396,

405, 409, 414, 419, 423, 426-429, 444, 447, 452, 504, 505, 509, 510, 513, 514, 517, 535, 553, 576, 605, 609-611, 621, 650, 665, 667

cira (levan II dadianis qaliSvi-li, romelic ufliswul bagrats miaTxova) 650

ciceroni 311

Z

ZoweniZe l. 422

w

wulukiZe paata 439

W

WiWinaZe z. 55 Wyonia al. 51, 578, 660, 664

x

xalil-faSa 142, 143 xaritoni (kumurdos RvTismSob-

lis monastris iRumeni) 97-99, 101, 102

xaritoni (Teimuraz I-is elCi) 375

xaritoni (saqarTvelos elCi moskovSi) 535, 537

xerxeuliZe aRaTang (qarTlis Tavadi) 50

xeTelis coli 295 xvaramze (giorgi III-is asuli)

540

704

xvatovi artem (diaki) 346, 356, 397

xvatovi artem (elCi) 506 xinTibiZe e. 156, 187, 668 xilkovi ivane andrias Ze (boia-

ri, Tavadi) 425, 461, 464 xitrovi bogdan matveis Ze (ka-

riskaci) 462, 473 xoreSani (simon I-isa da nestan-

darejanis Svilis – gi-orgi mefis asuli, mefe luarsab II-is da) 5, 6, 50-54, 66, 479, 481, 501

xose manuel florestaneli 663 xosro mirza ix. rostom mefe xoza murTaza (Sah abas I-is

diplomatiuri Sikriki) 89

xoan de san xose 190, 193 xoreSan dedofali 211, 301, 353,

406 xosro-mirza ix. rostom mefe xoja (Sah abas I-is erTguli ka-

ci) 82 xoja mohamed reza (imereTis me-

fis elCi) 78 xosro batoniSvili 422 xosros Zma bagrati 489 xosrov xani (Sirvanis beglar-

begi) 443, 511 xosrov (xusrev, xesrev) xani 444 xuan de kueva (espaneTis samefo

karis informatori) 48 xuan de iliakesi 485 xuan de marliani 168, 171 xuan sirinosa 191 xusrev faSa 142, 297, 299

j

javaxiSvili iv. 52, 194, 313, 314,

322, 327, 339, 481, 484, 503 jakomo berZeni 221 jakomo di stefano 276, 282

jakomo mormorai 168 jakomo patri 319 jamburia g. 47, 146, 307, 315, 321,

503, 510, 540-542 janaSvili m. 348 janaSia s. 411, 503 janbanumi (Sah abas I-is SviliS-

vili (qaliSvilisagan) – yorCibaSis asuli 450

jandieri daviT (kaxeli Tavadi) 68, 75, 76, 86, 87

jenkinsoni entoni (inglisis `moskovis kompaniis~ agenti) 34

jeronimo de tomazo 638 jiqia s. 139, 140, 142, 297, 299, 523,

668 jorjaZe nodar (kaxeli Tavadi

68, 72, 75, 76, 86, 87 jovani pietro karafa (Teatine-

li episkoposi) 250 jovani tadeo de san elizeo

125 jovani juliano da luka 579,

626, 633 juzepe maria Zampi (misioneri)

205, 211 juzepe judiCe 282 juzepe don juzepe (kaTolike

misioneri) 36 juliano jovani (patri) 210 just lipsi 311

h hamza mirzi (iranis ufliswu-

li, abas I-is 95 hasan faSa (mTavarsardali) 173 hafiz faSa 139 horacio 311 huserli bartolomeo 174 husein ali beg 614

705

geografiuli saxelebi

a adiRe 39 avstralia 29, 279 azerbaijani 39, 48, 496 azovi 121 azovis cixe 573, 576 alaverdis monasteri 354 alaverdis taZari 356, 483 albaneTi 231 algeTis xeoba 139 alepo 28, 33, 88, 248, 286 aleqsandria 293 ali 191 alinja 308 alpebi 283 amasia 8, 14, 51, 520 amieri 39 amierkavkasia 8, 9, 47, 481 anatolia 141 anatoliis vilaieTi 140 antioqia 173, 175 aragvi 87, 93, 533 aragvis gza 332 aragvis saerisTavo (yarayalua-

ni) 347 aragvis xeoba 338, 383 ardebili 62, 91, 95, 525, 527 areSi 318 arezi (qalaqi) 74, 77, 87 arzrumi 102, 142, 143, 146, 172, 173,

198 arzrumis vilaieTi 140 arcevi (goris maxloblad) 496 astrabadi 482, 483 astraxani 26, 41, 69, 71, 95, 101,

138, 143-145, 316, 345, 346, 441, 444, 456, 461, 470, 476, 477, 509

astraxani gza 34 astraxanis saxano 34 atemari (qalaqi) 414 afazeTis samTavro 580

aRaianis mindori 137 aRdgomis eklesia Q124 aRmosavleTi 153, 164, 173, 186 aRm. amierkavkasia 74, 83, 84, 91,

169, 171, 180, 392, 511, 512, 523

aRm. afrika 197 aRm. ierusalimi 186 aRm. kavkasia 69 aRm. saqarTvelos samefoebi 198 aRm. saqarTvelo 7-9, 18, 34, 37,

64, 66, 71, 88, 111, 112, 117, 146, 161, 199, 211, 300, 316, 321, 322, 324, 449, 467, 484, 485, 494, 525, 527, 529, 538, 641

aRm. qveynebi 110, 123 ay-yoinlu 150, 152 ay-yoinlus saxelmwifo 60 aSrafi (mazanderanSi) 126, 144,

218 aWara 619 axaldaba 194 axali romi ix. moskovi axali julfa 28 axalqalaqi 170, 171 axalcixe 575 axlo aRmosavleTi 2, 15, 37, 87,

89, 154, 163, 187, 199, 211, 436

axlo aRmosavluri saxelmwifo 85

b bazaleTi 141-144, 146, 296, 298,

299, 524, 542 baTumi 140, 532 balaxini 473 balyareTi 39, 434 banZa 575 barda 137 basra 53

706

baRdadi 147, 217 baSiaCukis qveyana ix. imereTi baqo 39,41 baxtrioni 108, 316, 322, 444, 509 bahreini (kunZuli) 19 beTlemi 294 bender-abasi 225 biTinia 231, 242, 246 bizantia 218 418, 513 bosforis da dardanelis sru-

teebi 646 bohemia 278 burgosi 156

g ganja 37, 48, 68, 125, 145, 314,

318,320, 333, 398, 401, 403, 512, 524

ganja-yarabaxi 198 gelaTis monasteri 396 germania 244, 283, 284 gilianis miwebi 618 golgoTa 97, 124, 151, 213 golgoTis monasteri 341, 343 gonio 137, 495 gonios cixe 629-631 gori 19, 83, 184, 208, 210, 217, 276,

282, 284, 286-288, 302, 304, 308, 310, 311, 319, 496

goWoura 537-539, 581 granada 154 gremi 354, 421, 467 gurielis miwa-wyali 467 gurq-Cai (mdinare) 47 `gurjistani~ ix. saqarTvelo `gurjistanis~ provinc. ix. sa-

qarTvelo guria 231, 376, 416, 468, 520, 522,

525, 533, 613, 641 guria-samegrelo 531 guriis samTavro 76, 86, 97, 140,

208, 529, 534, 580, 613 gulabis cixe 617

d dadianis miwa-wyali 467 dadianis saxelmwifo 298 `dadiani~ ix. odiSis samTavro dadianis qveyana ix. odiSis sam-

Tavro damasko 248 dania 442 daruband-Sirvani 389 darubandi 443, 444, 511, 616 dasavleT saqarTvelo (baSiaCu-

ki) 8, 14, 17, 31, 71, 73, 76, 112, 138, 141, 208, 211, 258, 299, 313, 321, 335, 448, 449, 479, 481, 494, 511, 523-525, 527, 528, 533, 538, 567, 571, 580, 581, 610, 636

dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo samTavroebi 529

dasavleT evropa 2, 7, 9, 15, 18, 24, 27, 29, 30, 32, 148, 155, 156, 158, 159, 196, 202, 213, 218, 222, 223, 229, 281, 321, 362, 529, 532

daRestani 39, 66, 84, 85, 140, 313, 399, 410, 417, 443, 541

daRestanis gza 482 derbenti 39, 41, 62, 70, 91 derbentTan amakavSirebeli gza

89, 364 diarbeqiri 99 didoeTi 374, 446 ditis mTebi 371 dmanisi 37 dnepri 155 dneprispireTi 471 doni 121, 570

e egvipte 150, 152, 153 evropa 8, 9, 18, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35,

52, 149, 150, 152, 161, 191, 203-205, 210, 212-215, 217,

707

222, 223, 227, 263, 264, 266, 287, 289, 292, 300, 304, 305, 328, 408, 530, 538, 613, 636, 637, 639, 641

evropasTan damakavSirebeli gza 612

evropis saxelmwifoebi 15, 148, 165, 292

enderi 94 eniseli 327 erevani 31, 48, 325, 401, 615 erzerumi 175-179, 521 espaneTi 9, 14, 24, 28, 30-33, 48, 60,

133, 148, 149, 152, 156, 158-161, 164, 166, 175, 181-184, 187-189, 191, 196, 197, 201, 202, 210, 215, 216, 219, 221, 223-227, 230-236, 242, 245, 253, 256, 257, 260, 261, 269, 280, 283, 285, 286, 298-302, 334, 340, 615

eCmiaZini 29

v

varSava 279, 280 vatikani 53, 181, 215, 260, 261, 263,

267, 311, 312 vena 615 venecia 615, 638 veneciis respublika 612 volga 34, 618 volgis gza 34 voroneJi 121

z

zagemi 73, 91, 360, 380 zaruyvas yabardo 566 zemo qarTli 75 zohabi 602 zugdidi 459, 552, 608,643 zutiCi ix. zugdidi

T

Tavrizi 166, 318, 340 Tbilisi 37, 49, 66, 93, 138, 144,

145, 163, 169, 173-177, 180-181, 194, 195, 320, 415, 435, 481, 512, 557, 558

Tbilisis sionis sakaTedro ta-Zari 348

Teimurazis samefo 572 Teklas monasteri (ierusalim-

Si) 213 Tergi 69, 79, 80, 92, 94, 101, 102,

120, 129, 145, 337, 345, 346, 350, 352-354, 392, 402, 441, 447, 452-454, 456-458, 413, 464, 476, 477, 556, 570, 571

Terg-qalaqi ix. Tergi Tergis miwebi 405 Tergis cixe 404, 441, 442, 511 Tergis cixe-qalaqi ix. Tergi TianeTi 354, 492 TorRis (pankisis) cixe 78 TurqeTi 23, 48, 77, 81, 98, 116, 182,

186, 188, 216, 305, 372, 428, 464, 531, 556, 558, 616, 617, 640

`TurqeTis tba~ ix. Savi zRva TurqeTis imperia 274 TuSeTi 354, 371, 427, 447, 453 TuSeTis gza 400 TuSeTis mTebi 384 TuS-fSav-xevsureTi 448, 449

i iasi (moldaveTis qalaqi) 273 iafa-qalaqi da navsadguri pa-

lestinaSi 596 iberia ix. iveria ierusalimi 56, 68, 98, 122, 128,

151, 153, 154, 176, 188, 195, 201, 207, 211, 213-219, 238, 267, 274, 278, 281, 284, 287, 294, 301, 304, 335, 338, 341-343, 366, 390, 479, 480

ierusalimis wm. sabas monaste-ri 123

708

ierusalimis jvris monasteri 206, 214, 218, 305

iveria, iberi, iberia, ìberia~ 78, 79, 89-92, 103, 105, 110, 114, 164, 180, 214, 216, 231, 235, 237-239-244, 248, 255, 256, 332, 333, 337, 338, 342, 346, 352, 358, 361, 362, 365, 371, 372, 376, 390, 457, 468, 477, 485, 527, 632

iloris xati 537 iloris wm. giorgis xatis war-

wera 543 imereTi (baSiaCuki) 11, 13, 80, 82,

86, 89, 94, 97, 102-106, 140-142, 173, 187, 231, 300, 321, 340, 375, 395, 401, 403, 404, 407, 409, 416, 426, 431, 434, 442, 457, 461, 462, 464, 465, 481, 483, 493-497, 501, 505, 506, 520-527, 538, 541, 543, 548, 550, 557, 560, 563, 564, 568-570, 573

imereTis samefo 102, 112, 402, 534, 537-543, 545, 549-551, 553, 536-558, 567, 569, 571, 575, 612, 613

imereTis saTavadaznauroebi 561 imieri 39 inglisi 33, 34, 223, 615 inguSeTi 39 iorispiri 492 irani (Sirazi) 61, 69-71, 74, 77-81,

83-87, 89, 91, 92, 97-100, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, 118, 120, 121, 125-129, 132, 133, 135, 138, 139, 144-148, 151, 156, 160, 164-166, 170-173, 178, 180, 182, 186-188, 191, 193-198, 200-202, 205, 215-217, 223-225, 229-231, 235-237, 240, 241, 248, 257, 258, 291, 295, 296, 312, 315, 317-322, 324, 325, 329, 333, 335, 337, 348, 351-353, 361, 372-374, 382, 387-389, 399, 401,

404, 409, 410, 418-420, 422, 424, 429, 440-443, 450, 466, 469, 481-483, 485, 488, 489, 493, 496, 500, 503, 505, 510-515, 519, 520, 527, 530, 533, 534, 539, 549, 613, 615-618, 638-644

iranis yure 200, 201 islamis qveynebi 86 ispaani 21, 26, 27, 32, 36, 52, 70, 71,

136, 145, 147, 181, 208, 298, 300, 483, 488, 502, 616

isfahani ix. ispaani italia 207, 208, 210, 223, 278, 283

k kavkasia 8, 16, 34, 35, 39, 74, 85, 88,

98, 241, 348, 382, 430, 505 kavkasioni 446 kavkasionis zemo kalTebi 579 kavkasionis mTa 477 kavkasionis uReltexilebi 446 kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebi 261 kairo, qairo 153, 157 kaiseri 239 kakas xidi 543 kapadokia 164, 239, 242, 246 karaisari 95 karakalkani (aragvis xeoba) 337-

338 karki 69 kaspiis zRva, xvalisis zRva 34,

231, 400, 410, 432 kaspiis zRvaze mdebare qveynebi

618 kaspiis zRvis ukiduresi sam-

xreT-aRmosavleT sanapi-ro 617

kaspiispireTi 34, 417 kastelrosi (kunZuli) 480 kastilia 159, 189 kafa 121, 141, 479 kaxeTi, kaxeTis samefo 11, 30, 31,

38, 40-45, 47, 50-52, 57, 61, 63-65, 67, 71, 73-76, 86-88,

709

91, 93, 95, 100, 105, 109, 130, 137, 138, 147, 171, 178-180, 187, 193, 197, 205, 216, 219, 229, 234, 241, 298, 301, 324, 325, 328, 332, 337, 344, 347, 357-361, 364, 369, 400-404, 406, 410, 413, 415, 419-421, 423, 424, 432, 435, 438, 440, 447, 448, 459, 461, 466, 482, 490, 496, 499, 503, 517-519, 523, 525, 526, 533, 534, 603, 610, 615

kaxeTis samefo ix. kaxeTi kaxeTis taxti 553 kelasuris kedeli 580 kenki ix. ganja kisisxevi 498 kolxeTi 239 kolxeTis sanapiroebi 616 konstantinopoli 35, 95, 98, 121,

142, 155, 157, 164, 166-168, 174, 175, 181, 183, 186, 187, 192, 221, 222, 231-236, 238, 239, 242, 278, 285, 288, 290, 292-295, 326, 329, 334, 371, 504, 531, 532, 609, 625, 636, 642

kosa 79 krakovi 615 kumurdo 19

l laris vilaieTi 19 levanti 33 lekeTi 66 lioni 158 lisaboni 30 litva 133, 155, 284 lorento 270

m madridi 2, 24, 149, 187, 193, 196 mazandara ix. mazandarani

mazandarani, mazandara 57, 62, 64 mazanderanis miwebi 618 mantua 278 marabda 140, 145, 296, 488, 492, 540 marabdis veli 139 martyofi 137-139, 145, 198, 200, 296 martyofis evli 137 md. ioris aRmosavleTi mxare 75 md. ioris dasavleTi mxare 75 mesame romi ix. moskovi mesina 216, 219, 221, 226, 264, 294,

300 mesxeTi 74, 318 metexi 211 mejvrisxevi 18 mTianeTi 449 moldaveTi 221, 222, 274 moniaki 40 moskovi 8, 10, 30, 33-35, 38, 40, 41,

69, 71, 73, 78, 80, 85, 89, 90, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 106, 109, 110, 113-117, 119-121, 123, 124, 127, 128, 130, 131, 137, 138, 142, 143, 183, 213, 230, 240, 252, 254-256, 283, 284, 297, 305, 306, 316, 325-327, 331, 334-340, 343-344, 346, 350, 351, 356, 359, 360,363, 364, 366-369, 372-373, 378-380, 382-385, 387, 389, 390, 398, 399, 401, 403, 405, 406, 408-411, 413-416, 418, 422, 424-433, 436, 438, 440-445, 447-451, 453, 455, 457, 458, 461, 463-466, 468-471, 473-475, 477-479, 481-483, 499, 503-517, 519, 525, 527, 534, 535, 539, 540, 545, 548-550, 552, 553, 563, 597, 610, 611, 615, 616, 632

moskovis aRdgomis monasteri 347

moskovis saelCo prikazi 91, 135, 136

moskovis saxelmwifo 39, 338, 379 moqvi (sofeli samegreloSi) 208

710

muxrani 137 mcxeTa 328, 331, 335-337, 347, 349,

377, 379-382, 388, 396, 394 mcxeTis didi eklesia 366, 383 mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZari

349

n navariis samefo 189 namurdani (namurkiani) 95, 131 naxWevani 615 neapoli 212, 219, 221, 226, 2357

236, 248, 254-256, 296 niderlandebi 223-224 nikea 263 nikorwminda 409 niJni-novgorodi 101, 399 niqozi 526 noRai 318

o odiSi 324, 328-329, 520, 525, 529,

532, 534, 537, 553, 610, 611, 613, 640

odiSis samTavro, dadianis qve-yana, `dadiani~ 9, 11, 97, 282, 299, 375, 434, 439, 440, 463, 468, 528, 538-540, 553, 580, 612, 613, 628, 632, 637

olTisi (qalaqi) 95, 111 ormuzi 53, 97, 144, 200, 201, 216,

223, 224282, 289, 375, 434, 439

osmaleTi 7-11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 24, 26-29, 33, 35-38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 64, 65, 69, 70, 74, 76, 81-85, 87-89, 94, 95, 98, 100-102, 108, 109, 111, 112, 125, 131, 132, 134, 137-139, 142-146, 150-152, 160, 164, 165, 167, 169, 173, 179, 180-182, 184, 187, 188, 191, 193-195, 202, 204, 213, 223-225,

228-232, 235-242, 244, 256-258, 274, 288, 289, 293, 294, 298-300, 305, 313, 318, 319, 324, 325, 329, 335, 343, 348, 409, 413, 420, 422, 429, 446, 448, 464, 484, 493-495, 511, 520-524, 530, 531, 538, 613, 616, 620, 638

osmaleTis Savi zRvis sanapiro qalaqebi 8, 15

osmaleTis xazina 640 ostasove (qalaqi) 94 ostindoeTi 187

p petres taZari 311 pireneis naxevarkunZuli 224 portugalia 32, 33, 201, 224 praRa 27

r raWa 409, 436, 460 reC-pospolita 278, 279, 283, 414,

445, 457, 474, 612, 616, 618, 626

rioni 174 romi 14, 27, 54, 115, 149, 153, 158,

160-163, 181, 182, 191, 192, 207, 210, 214, 220, 221, 225, 227, 244, 253, 255, 256, 264-266, 268-270, 276, 278, 281, 283-286, 288, 289, 292, 293, 300, 301, 303, 318, 322, 326, 327, 615, 616, 642-644

ruseT-irani 511 ruseTi 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14-16, 26, 31,

32, 34, 37-41, 52, 56, 69-71, 74, 78-80, 84, 85, 89-92, 94-98, 100, 103-107, 109-120, 122, 129-134, 137, 156, 183, 219, 297, 305, 306, 308-312, 326-328, 330, 358, 360, 362-364, 367-369, 371, 374, 377-

711

379, 381, 383, 388-390, 393, 399, 400, 402, 408, 410, 417-424, 427-430, 432, 438, 442, 445, 446, 448, 449, 451, 452, 456, 458, 461, 464, 470, 471, 474, 475, 478, 480-482, 484, 504, 505, 510-515, 518-520, 534, 536, 544-550, 552, 553, 610, 612, 613, 618, 619

ruseT-irani 511 rusTa qveynebi 374 ruxi (qalaqi) 619, 640 ruseT-saqarTvelo 510 ruseTis mdinareebis – dneprisa

da donis arteriebi 613

s sabaraTiano 323 saberZneTi 232, 235, 237, 326 sadadiano 434, 436, 468 saloniki 279 samegrelo 76, 86, 140, 205, 208-211,

231, 284, 460, 468, 533, 536 samTavroebi Savi zRvis piras

636 samcxe 8, 51, 140, 142, 146, 172, 296,

523, 540 samcxe-saaTabago 166, 169, 170,

602 samxreT-dasavleT kavkasia 2, 7 samxreT kavkasia 74, 84, 364, 422,

436 saratovi 42, 461, 478, 480 safrangeTi 33, 223, 225, 227, 278,

530 safurcle 282 saqarTvelo 2, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18,

27, 30-32, 34-42, 48, 52-54, 56, 58, 60, 61, 65, 66, 68-75, 77-81, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93-99, 102-105, 107, 110-114, 116-120, 124, 125, 127-132, 135, 141, 143, 145-154, 156, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174, 181, 183, 187,

189, 191, 192, 194-196, 202, 205, 208, 210, 211, 215-219, 223, 225, 231, 232, 236, 238, 244-246, 251, 252, 255, 257, 261, 264, 266, 269, 270, 275-293, 295-298, 302, 305, 307, 309, 311, 313, 315-319, 321, 322, 325, 329, 331, 339-338, 342-344, 347-349, 351-354, 356, 357, 361, 364, 366, 369, 391, 392, 397, 399-402, 404, 406, 408, 409, 414-420, 424, 426-429, 431, 436, 443, 445, 451, 453, 458, 462, 466, 469-474, 476-478, 480, 482, 488, 489, 493, 495, 501, 506, 513, 516, 517, 523, 528-530, 536, 542, 547, 615-617, 626, 638, 639, 641, 642

saqarTvelo irani 638 saqarTvelos mTianeTi 449 saqarTvelos olqi 344 saqarTvelo-ruseTis damakavSi-

rebeli gzebi 365 saSamxlo 39-41 saCxeiZeo baRdadTan 543 sevilia 156 serali 317 sergievis samebis monasteri 346 sveticxoveli 500 setcxovlis taZari 5, 120, 130,

388, 396 simon petras monasteri 181 sionis monasteri 314 sirebuleni 495 siria 28, 248 sitifatoroki 263 sicilia 216, 217, 219, 222, 254-256 skandis cixe 417 skutari 231, 246 smirna 213 somxeTi 37, 39, 48, 166, 246, 316 somxiTi 323 somxiT-sabaraTiano 492 spania ix. espaneTi sparseTi 442

712

sparseTis yure 201 stamboli 8, 31, 51, 83, 88, 111-113,

132, 522, 528, 545, 618, 626, 637

surami 75, 194

t tana (qalaqi md. tanaisis Sesar-

TavTan) 174, 175 tanaisi (mdinare) 174 tarki 40, 71, 94 tajikeTi 617 toskanis sahercogo transilvania 188, 189 trapizoni 121, 242, 521, 522, 612,

616 trapizonis vilaieTi 140 trapizonis imperia 613 trapizonis sakeisro 35

u ungreTi 164 urmiis tba 37 ujarma 211

f farsi 18, 19 ferara 162, 163 ferara-florencia 157, 158 feriscvalebis eklesia 380 florencia 158, 161, 163, 268, 278,

280 foTi 35, 174 fSavi 427, 447, 453

q qarTli 31, 37, 38, 47, 49, 50, 52-54,

57, 61, 63, 72, 81, 93, 103, 137-141, 147, 150, 151, 153, 156, 157, 159, 162, 163, 165, 172, 179, 197, 216, 217, 219,

221, 234, 236, 241, 260, 294, 298, 320, 322, 332, 333, 337, 344, 356-358, 377, 380, 381, 385, 386, 396, 401, 402, 415, 422, 436, 454, 460, 465, 482, 492-493, 502, 503, 510, 512, 513, 517, 523, 525, 526

qarTl-kaxeTi 11, 69, 202, 289, 302, 313, 321

qarTl-kaxeTis samefo 14, 502, 503, 650

qairo ix. kairo qarTlis samefo 169, 377, 553, 610 qaSani 616 qeSmi (cixe-simagre) 197 `qvemo quTaisi~ 437 qiluies mTa 19 qisteTi 66, 409, 435, 417, 460 qisteTis mTebi 447 qristes eklesia 375 qristianuli evropa152, 224 qsnis xeoba 296 quTaisi 324, 403, 435, 437, 460

R RvTismSoblis sartyeli 380

y yabala (qalaqi) 74 yabardo 39, 69, 84, 85, 90, 101, 318,

457, 461, 514, 604 yazani 41, 101, 353, 463, 497, 516 yazanis saxano 8, 34 yazvini 320, 445 yarabaxi 37, 47, 314, 318 yaraCai 39 yarsi 173 yarsis safaSo 521 yarayalyani ix. aragvis saeris-

Tao yizilbaSTa miwebi 618 yizlari 354 yirimi 35, 40, 41, 102, 318

713

yirimis naxevarkunZuli 35 yirimis saxano 8, 85, 125, 612 yirim-osmaleTi 449 yoisus cixe 374, 443 yumuxeTi 69, 77

S Savi zRva 90, 91, 155, 231, 234, 524,

538, 636, 640 Savi zRvis mimdebare qveynebi

613 Savi zRvis mcire aziis sanapi-

ro 113 Savi zRvis napiri 173, 464, 466,

496 Saqi 87 Sahin-girei 258 Semaxa, Semaxi, Samaxa 39, 41, 70,

91, 94, 116, 145, 316, 318, 325, 363, 400, 401, 403, 404, 410, 483, 512, 518, 546

Semaxis cixe 61 Svecia 278 Sirazi ix. irani Sirvani 31, 85, 180 Sixiani (sofeli) 324 Sua azia 39, 34 SuamTa 392

C Cari (albaT baSiaCuki - imere-

Ti) 80 Cerkasi 441, 509 CerqezeTi 39, 105, 231, 273, 274 CeCneTi 39, 66 Cildirani 28 Cildiri 121 Cildiris xidi 140 Crdilo italia 35 Crdilo kavkasia 7, 9, 10, 38, 40,

69, 70, 86, 318, 342, 374, 579

Crdilo kavkasiis samTavroebi 14, 69

Crdilo oseTi 39 Cudis monasteri 347 cargradi (cargorodi) 78, 258,

331, 337 caricini 461 centraluri evropa 7 centraluri kavkasia 69 cxumi 35

Z Zegami 77

w warwera wm. giorgis xatze 590 waxuri 443, 511 wveJeTi 472, 474 wiwamuri 93, 109, 316, 322, 444, 509 wova-TuSeTi 105

x xaritoni 525 xevsureTi 427, 447, 453 xevsureTis gza 354 xvalisis zRva ix. kaspiis zRva xmelTaSua zRva 28, 217 xelTaSuazRvispireTi 223 xolmogoris navsadguri 31 xorguas qvabni 211

j jvris monasteri 207, 211, 281, 301 julfa 616

h holandia 33, 227, 351

714

eTnikuri saxelebi

a

agarianelebi ix. muslimanebi avarebi 94 avgustineli misionerebi 29 avSaris tomebi 19 amierkavkasiis muslimani mosax-

leoba 512 arabebi 159 araqristianuli mosaxleoba 499 aRmosavleTis xalxebi 235 aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTie-

lebi 446, 449 afxazebi 539 afxaz-jiqebi 539

b

basilianelebi 263, 264 berZnebi 235, 263, 264, 293, 302, 331

g

gamahmadianebuli qarTvelebi 502, 514

gurulebi 614

d

dadianelebi 469, 470 daRestanelebi 74, 374-389 daRestaneli feodalebi 41 didoelebi 374 dnepris kazakebi, donis kazake-

bi, doneli kazakebi 8, 15, 145, 146, 148, 618

dneprispireTis kazakebi 471 doneli yazaxebi 609

e

ebraelebi 174, 639 ebraeli vaWrebi 639, 640

egviptelebi 152, 156 evropelebi 29, 35, 152, 225, 364 evropeli qristianebi 531 espanelebi 153, 156, 160, 173, 174,

181, 201, 229 espaneli diplomatebi 226 espaneli mkvlevari 217 espaneli habsburgebi 224

v

varSavelebi 615 volgis kazakebi 79

T

TaTrebi 336, 626 Tergis kazakebi 79, 138 TianeTelTa wesis istorikosebi

222 Turqebi 79, 90, 93, 94, 131, 144,

153, 167, 168, 172, 174-176, 179-181, 186, 194, 233, 235, 238, 246-248, 261, 262, 293, 298, 330, 331, 343, 349, 355, 373, 375, 376, 475, 531, 550, 602, 614, 626

Turqi vaWrebi 639 Turqmanebi 152, 519 TuSebi 426-453, 455, 482

i

ianiCarebi 112, 113, 132, 140 iberebi 242, 246, 427 ierusalimeli berZnebi 220 iverielebi, iverebi 89-91, 105,

106, 158, 333, 337, 378, 536 imerlebi 104, 172, 469, 470, 575 ingliselebi 34, 325 ingliseli vaWrebi 35 indoelebi 132 iranelebi 71, 88, 96, 200, 295, 343

715

iranis kazakebi 79 iranis Sahebi 11 iranSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi

198 israelebi 343 italielebi 249 iudevelebi 640

k

kazakebi 132, 524, 525, 565, 573, 610, 612, 613, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 626, 668, 673

kazakebi gonios cixeSi 632 kaTolikeebi 151, 267 kaxelebi, kaxebi, kaxni 42, 54, 57,

67, 72, 73, 76, 86-88, 93, 137, 147, 314, 350, 354, 374, 446, 483, 501, 514, 533

konstantinopoleli elCebi 531, 533

l

lazebi 632 laTinebi 220, 294, 311, 326, 338,

342 lekebi 113, 338, 341, 342, 350, 366,

367, 373, 374, 390, 393, 397, 425, 426

litvelebi 135

m

mamluqebi 153 megrelebi 174, 531, 614, 630, 631 mTielebi 387, 395, 399, 426, 427,

429, 448, 450, 452, 456 mTielTa mTavrebi 74 mTieli Cerqezebi 475 monRolebi 158 moskovelebi ix. moskovitebi moskovitebi, moskovelebi 127,

616 muslimebi, muslimanebi 102, 342,

404, 468

n

noRaelebi 338, 346 noRaeli TaTrebi 409

o

obezgebi 16 odiSarebi 539 osebi 342 osmalebi 20, 29, 32, 38, 47, 48, 89,

110, 117, 138, 139, 144-148, 153, 165, 166, 169-172, 176, 180, 187, 188, 191, 194, 208, 229, 230, 237, 305, 311, 320, 387, 388, 496, 524, 525, 610, 611, 613, 616

p

polonelebi 135, 473 poloneli kazakebi 614 portugalielebi 33, 197, 200, 201,

209, 225 portugalielebi (espaneTis me-

fis qveSevrdomebi) 197

r

rusebi 30, 41, 69, 86, 93, 96, 123, 135, 136, 145, 174, 305, 341, 342, 344, 345, 347-350, 353, 355, 357, 364, 367, 373, 374, 380, 393, 417, 429, 436, 443, 465, 511, 551, 553, 617

ruseTis qarTvelebi 86 rusi diplomatebi 96, 108 rusi elCebi 70, 114, 126, 129, 501, 612

s sarkinozebi 153 sefianebi 170 sirielebi 165 somexi vaWrebi 639 somexi jariskacebi 640

716

somxebi 29, 151, 152, 338, 343, 639 sparselebi 89, 142-144, 153, 167,

169, 171, 174-177, 180, 193, 200, 201, 205, 216, 229-231, 235, 236, 239, 259, 261, 262, 295, 323, 325, 338, 339, 343, 373, 374, 399, 529, 615, 617, 639

f

frangebi 225 franciskanelebi 151 fSavelebi 426, 427, 447-453, 455

q

qarTvelebi (iranSi mxovrebi) 54 qarTvelebi, `qarTvelebi~ 69, 70,

75, 77, 80, 85, 87, 88, 92, 95-97, 103, 108, 112, 117, 120, 138, 140-142, 144, 146-148, 150-153, 156, 158, 159, 161-163, 165-169, 171-178, 180, 181, 186, 191-193, 195, 196, 201, 219, 220, 226, 229, 230, 232, 237, 242, 252, 255, 261-267, 294, 298, 304, 311, 314, 318, 319, 336, 342, 343, 350, 351, 359, 390, 410, 415, 418, 419, 427, 429, 430, 432, 451, 463, 465, 467, 475, 485, 486, 490, 503, 508, 520, 523-527, 530, 531, 536, 538, 614, 617, 641

qarTvelebi ix. `qarTvelebi~ qarTveli delegatebi 157 qarTveli diplomatebi 40 qarTveli elCebi 156, 157 qarTveli mefe-mTavrebi 471 qarvTeli mTielebi 447, 449, 451-

453, 455, 456 qarTveli politikosebi 87 qarTlelebi 63, 394, 435, 499 qristianebi 104, 153, 174, 177,

392, 503 qristiani bavSvebi 545

qristiani mosaxleoba 449, 464, 467 qistebi 449, 450

y

yabardoelebi 76 yazaxebi 641 `yazi urusi~ 409 yizilbaSebi 47, 48, 58, 61, 72, 75,

78, 80, 81, 83, 87, 88, 91, 92, 95, 108, 135, 137, 139-142, 145, 146, 148, 200, 300, 301, 309, 316, 318, 320, 322, 323, 332, 340, 349, 353, 363, 379, 395, 398, 402, 404, 413, 440, 444, 452, 459, 463, 464, 466, 468, 469, 475, 478, 488, 490, 493, 496, 502, 503, 509, 510, 519, 523, 526, 527, 543, 546, 549, 561, 618

yizilbaSi amirebi 17 yizilbaSi Sikriki 95, 113, 114, 120 yirimelebi 102 yirimeli TaTrebi 612 yumikebi, yumixebi 443, 452, 456,

477, 509 yumuxebi, yumuxelebi, yumuxebis

miwa-wyali 72, 79, 84, 90, 94, 102, 117, 118, 393, 441, 443, 444, 509, 548

yumuxeli bitupi 577

S

Svedebi 473 Siiti iranelebi 140 Sirvanelebi 74

C

Cerqezebi 30, 102, 174, 338, 346, 347, 402, 452, 477, 486

Crdilo kavakasielebi 74, 84, 89, 338

Crdilo kavkasieli mTielebi 74, 102, 446

Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebi 40

717

c cxireTi 499

W

Wanebi 632

x

xevsurebi 426, 427, 447-453, 455

j jelaliebi 16 jiqebi 545

h habsburgebi 164 habsburgebis saxelmwifo holandielebi 225

718

УКАЗАТЕЛИ

а) Собственные имена Александр III, царь Имерети (1629-

1660) 679, 682 Байбуртян В.А. 27, 669 Беленицкий Л.М. 16, 671 Белокуров С.А. 41, 44, 114, 115, 126,

131, 284, 420, 669-670 Брайловский С. 119, 670 Бушев П.П. 33, 42, 613, 618, 670 Василевский Н.И. 378 Ватейшвили Д.Л. 148, 200, 202, 213,

219, 230, 246, 263, 266, 269, 270, 276, 670

Веселовский Н.И. 40, 72, 84, 88, 670 Габашвили В. 680 Гамезардашвили З. 54, 68, 206, 210,

214, 217, 219, 222, 230, 257, 266, 285-287, 289, 290, 303, 670

Даль В. 70, 672 Джавахишвили Нико 696 Жордания Г. 54, 68, 206, 207, 210, 214,

217, 219, 222, 223, 230, 257, 266, 284-287, 289, 290, 292, 303, 621, 670

Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З. 670 Ключарев (дьяк) 392, 393, 500, 506,

671 Кушев У.Н. 670 Леван II Дадиани, [Правитель Одиши

(1611-1657)] 679, 680 Марр Н. 627, 672 Месхия Ш.А. 427, 430, 448, 453, 535,

676 Мышецкий (князь) 393, 399, 500, 506,

671 Накашидзе Н.Т. 128, 204, 328, 339, 340,

389, 395, 400, 427, 430, 445, 453, 510, 513, 620, 670

Никифор Ирбах 679, 680, 681 Новоселский Н.А. 671 Новосельцев А.П. 461, 671 Оболенский М. 293, 671 Панченко К.А. 345, 671

Парсманян В.А. 449 Петрушевский И.П. 16, 671 Пигулевская Н.В. 16, 671 Полиевктов М.А. 20, 56, 73, 75, 77, 84,

85, 95, 98, 99, 101, 106, 114, 115, 120, 123, 126, 128, 131, 135, 305, 327, 329, 330, 336, 337, 341, 348, 355, 378, 392, 412, 427, 433, 486, 500, 504-507, 510, 526, 533, 535, 537, 594, 597, 599, 601, 603, 604, 670, 671

Приходько Г. 158, 671 Ростом Карталинский (царь Картли-

Кахетии) 504, 507, 510, 671, 674

Саакадзе Георгий (†1629), Великий Моурави, 679

Смирнов Н.А. 672 Соловьев С.М. 34, 618, 619 Строева А.В. 16, 671 Теимураз I (1606-1650) царь Картли

672, 679, 680, 681, 682 Тер-Аветисян 28, 672 Тивадзе Т.Г. 72, 79, 90, 93, 96, 109,

115, 116, 125, 138, 144, 147, 298, 325, 402, 415, 672

Цагарели А.А. 646, 654, 672 Цинцадзе Я.З. 427, 430, 448, 453, 535,

670 Чолокашвили Николоз (Никифор)

Ирбах 680 Якубовский А.Ю. 16, 671 б) географические имена Ближний Восток 679 Грузия 679 Джуга (город) 28, 642 Западная Европа 673, 679 Имеретинское царство 680 Иран 16, 670, 679, 680 Кавказ 41, 672 Казахстан 671 Кахетия 500, 506

719

Новая Джульфа 27 Европа 679 Москва 504, 507, 510 Османская империя 679, 680 Персия 40 Петербург 40

Россия 40, 41, 671, 672, 679, 680, 681 Северный Кавказ 673 Средняя Азия 671 Тифлис 671 Турция 672 Юго-Восточный Кавказ 679

Index

Avalishvili Z. 147, 159, 668 Antonio de Govea 668 Bayani K. 32, 668 Bellan L. 32, 668 Boxer C.R. 668 Chronicle of the Carmelites 668 Creasy E. S. 26, 668 Estat de la Perse 669 Ferrier R. W. 669 Gulbekian R. 25, 616, 669

Jules Berger Xivrey 669 Knolles R. 528, 669 Malcolm J. 225, 669 Oдiarius A. 319, 321 Pietro Dellф Vale 669 Queen Katevan 147 Relaciones Don Juan de Persia 669 Stefano Paolini 669 Wilson A. T. 669

2

gamomcemloba ùniversali~

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E-mail: [email protected]

Date post:	30-Dec-2019
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	11 times
Download:	0 times

saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia -...

Documents