APOLOGETIC HANDBOOK A YOUNG EARTH MINISTRY PERSPECTIVE By Dr. Jim Pagels [email protected]September 2, 2014 PLEASE READ THIS PAGE PRIOR TO THE CONFERENCE! (This handbook is comprised of 79 pages.) Copyright – All rights are reserved by this presenter. This handbook is meant to be distributed on a free basis, not sold. Intended Usage – This handbook is intended for the use of professional church workers i.e., teachers, youth workers, pastors, etc. Perspective - The user may either make a copy (paper/computer) to be amended as most helpful for one’s individual purposes. For example, one may highlight DVD/YOUTUBE items that are particularly helpful, add sources/information or delete information that is not useful. Quiz - There is a quiz with an answer key found on last four pages of this handbook. Please take a few minutes to complete the quiz and review your answers. This will enhance your conference experience. Internet Searches – In exploring the internet for additional information, include creationism, YouTube and your subject area in your search engine to stay on track with the young earth perspective. Sincere Appreciation - This is offered to multiple professional sources both commercial and internet including but not limited to Answers in Genesis and Institute for Creation Research. 1
PLEASE READ THIS PAGE PRIOR TO THE CONFERENCE!(This handbook is comprised of 79 pages.)
Copyright – All rights are reserved by this presenter. This handbook is meant to be distributed on a free basis, not sold.
Intended Usage – This handbook is intended for the use of professional church workers i.e., teachers, youth workers, pastors, etc.
Perspective - The user may either make a copy (paper/computer) to be amended as most helpful for one’s individual purposes. For example, one may highlight DVD/YOUTUBE items that are particularly helpful, add sources/information or delete information that is not useful.
Quiz - There is a quiz with an answer key found on last four pages of this handbook. Please take a few minutes to complete the quiz and review your answers. This will enhance your conference experience.
Internet Searches – In exploring the internet for additional information, include creationism, YouTube and your subject area in your search engine to stay on track with the young earth perspective.
Sincere Appreciation - This is offered to multiple professional sources both commercial and internet including but not limited to Answers in Genesis and Institute for Creation Research.
FORWARDAlthough there is much young earth information available from commercial sources and on the internet, being in ministry in Lutheran Schools for a half of century, it was the impression of this presenter that no basic resource of this nature existed for professionals church workers. To this end, the Apologetic Handbook has been compiled.
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle page……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…2Lutheran Church Missouri Synod’s Belief Statement on apologetics……….…………………………….3Notes (with additional comments) from Mere Apologetics………………………………………………………4
1. Creation vs. Evolution – The conflict between two religions…………………………………..6
2. Dinosaurs – Used by secularists as a gateway to evolution, dinosaurs actuallylived with man during the biblical time
span………………………………………………………………233. Young Earth – Ninety percent of the earth’s geological evidence supports a
young earth within a biblical time span………………………………………………………………..…….26
4. Genesis flood – Billions of dead things laid down by water are buried in rock layers all over the earth………………………………………………………………….
……………………………305. Mt. St. Helens – Within a day, this small volcano provided geological evidence
Of what secularists claim took millions and billions of years………………………………..….35
6. Plate Tectonics – The earth, being a single land mass at creation, rapidlyseparated during the Genesis flood into the current day
continents………………………..387. Ice Age – This single ice age was an aftermath following Noah’s flood and
occurred during the eight generations from Noah to Abraham……………………….……….40
8. Dating Techniques – The unreliable patchwork of dating techniques involving primarily radiometric techniques which support the millions of years construct………
469. Geological Column – A secular chronology attempting to explain Genesis
……………..…79LUTHERAN CHURCH MISSOURI SYNOD’SBELIEF STATEMENTS ON APOLOGETICS
Brief Statement of the Missouri Synod’s Doctrinal Position (1932)“We teach that God has created heaven and earth, and that in the manner and in the space of time recorded in the Holy Scriptures, especially Genesis 1 and 2, namely, by His almighty creative Word, and in six days. We reject every doctrine which denies or limits the work of creation as taught in Scripture. In our days it is denied or limited by those who assert, ostensibly in deference to science, that the world came into existence through a process of evolution; that is over immense periods of time developed more or less out of itself. Since no man was present when it pleased God to create the world, we must look for a reliable account of creation to God’s own record, found in God’s own book, the Bible.
A Statement of Scriptural and Confessional Principles – 1973This 47 page document affirms the inerrancy of scripture and deals with the following topics: Christ as Savior and Lord, Law and Gospel, Mission of the Church, Holy Scripture, Original Sin, and Confessional Subscription.Relative to the section on Holy Scripture, there is a subheading under historical methods of biblical interpretation. The liberalism that was creeping into the St. Louis Seminary and our church during the early 1970’s necessitated clarification of beliefs in this regard.The Lutheran Confessions support the inerrancy of scripture in contrast to the then emerging of a historical-critical method of biblical method of biblical interpretation. In this regard the 1973 document rejects the following:
The question of whether specific events in scripture actually happened.
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Methods of Scriptural interpretation based on secular and naturalistic notions of history as follows: The universe is closed to the intervention of God or any supernatural force. Miracles being explained in naturalistic terms. The denial of selected miracles found in scripture. Doctrines in scripture are the result of a natural development or evolution of
ideas and experiences within Israel and the early church. The message of Scripture can be adequately measured by laws derived
exclusively from empirical data and rational observation. Man’s inability to know the future makes genuine predictive prophecy impossible.
The Bible is not necessarily the primary tool to be used in interpreting Scriptures. When historical methods are found at variance with Scripture, such conclusions may
be accepted without violating the Lutheran view of Scripture or Lutheran Confessions, i.e., denying the existence of angels or a personal devil.
It is the view of this presenter that our leadership in seminaries, colleges/universities, congregations and schools insure that we actively support the stances of our synod through staff selection, educational practices and inservice efforts particularly concerning the teaching of religion and science. Additionally, with regard to our educational outreach on all levels, definite efforts are made to integrate apologetics into our educational practices, particularly with regard to the areas of the religion and science curriculums. Lastly, from a proactive approach, following the emphasis in this handbook, it is not only critical to clarify scripture with regard to apologetics, but also to relate the defense of scripture to the scientific knowledge base and the nonsense embodied within the philosophy of evolution.
Notes (with additional annotations) from
MERE APOLOGETICS(HOW TO HELP SEEKERS & SKEPTICS FIND FAITH)
Allister E. McGrath
APOLOGETICS IS Defending the faith (Apologia is Greek for defense). The approach is to defend the faith with all meekness. I Peter 3:15 … be ready
always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear:
The focus is dealing with the head and heart barriers of faith, namely misunderstandings or misrepresentations.
The goal is building bridges for people to cross into a world they need to discover. This can be achieved by walking as a friend along a road to faith and moving them
closer to their God.
EVANGELISM CAN BE CONTRASTED TO APOLOGETICS Evangelism deals with explaining the “big picture” of God’s story. (See page 16.) Paul explains that one of the best defenses for Christianity is to explain it. Christianity is about the grasping God’s reality as a larger and nobler vision and
making sense of what we think, see and experience.
APOLOGETICS IN ACTION
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Be gracious “ambassadors for Christ” as stated in II Corinthians 5:20 – Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ’s stead, be ye reconciled to God.
Understand the real question. A person’s introductory inquiry may not actually be a question of the head, but of the heart. In managing this, one may ask why the inquiry may be a concern and then engage in active listening.
Show empathy, answering the question of the heart first. Then move on the cognitive and/or intellectual side of the seekers question.
Learn, learn, learn! Practice, practice, practice! Learning and practice never end.
PHILOSOPHICAL APPEALS OF APOLEGETICS - Intellectual, imaginative, moral and aesthetic.
Creation deals with the origin of the universe, for all things have beginnings or a cause.
Our universe and earth are fine tuned for life. The universe is characterized by order, regularity and intelligibility. Morality is a longing for justice and the image of God which we all bear (Genesis 1:27
- So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them).
Transcendence suggests that we are created to fellowship with God forever. The appreciation of the beauty and splendor of nature, this being a signpost to God’s
greater beauty. Christianity offers a relationship with God as a person. True love offers the secure
basis we need in our lives. Eternity is planted in the heart of man.
APOLOGETIC GATEWAYS TO EVANGELISM Argument – design, origin, coherence. (The Christian faith offers reality of the world
and our experiences and morality gives a stable and reliable foundation to our life.) Explanation – What is Christianity about?
Stories paint specific pictures in the mind that offer a view of God’s reality.Christ used parables to illuminate a single point.Films, poetry and works of art are also story-like images.Matthew referenced the picture of “kingdom of heaven 33 times in his gospel.John referred to Jesus using the picture of “I Am” 7 times, i.e., bread of life; light of the world; door; good shepherd; resurrection and the life; the way, the truth and the life; and the true vine. Paul’s imagery was to use the concept of “adoption.” What is your story and how can that relate to your audiences?
CASE STUDY ISSUES IN APOLOGETICS
Why does God allow suffering? Logic isn’t really the concern, it is a matter of the heart. The issue is coping with the suffering. God’s commitment to a suffering world was so great that God entered into it
personally to redeem us from our burden of sin. If God is good, why is there evil in the world?
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NEW/MILITANT ATHEISM –The progressive improvement of the human condition By the erosion of religious superstition By the emancipation of humanity from all taboos and arbitrary limits.
God is consider a crutch or infantile illusion (Sigmund Freud and Richard Dawkins). Freud’s goal was to help people outgrow what he perceived as their infantile illusion of religion.
From a psychological perspective, denying the existence of God could meet the need to escape a distained father figure. Both C. S. Lewis and Martin Luther comment on this fear of God. Richard Dawkins, a professor at Oxford, acts with anger and distain toward a god in whom he claims to believe does not exist. There is truly something clearly disingenuous about that picture.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF OUR PRESENT CULTUREThe philosophy of secular humanism embraces human reason, ethics, and philosophical naturalism. It specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, pseudoscience, or superstition as the basis of morality and decision making.
Chapter 1
CREATION vs. EVOLUTION Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created
the heavens and the earth. (Creation)John 1:1-5 In the beginning was the Word…
(Creation & Gospel)
Colossians 28 – See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition
and the basic principles of this world rather than on Christ.
II Thessalonians 2:11 – And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie.
SCRIPTURE
HOW DO YOU KNOW THERE IS A GOD? (Luther’s Small Catechism) From scripture – Secularists first tactic is to attack scripture in order to deny the
supernatural and miracles. The next step is to claim that the universe came into existence solely by the forces of nature (naturalism). Once the omnipotent God has been replaced by man’s reason, his conscious is also deadened and morality is smothered. Romans 1:25 - Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.
From the Existence of the World - Psalms 19:1 The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork.
From the Testimony of the Conscience - Judges 21:25 In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes.
THE GENESIS CREATION
Genesis 1:1 – In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The Hebrew word for create means to make out of nothing, clearly a God or supernatural event. Evolutionists, being naturalists, point to matter being present to start the big bang. This is not logical and conflicts with the laws of science. Nature has no way of explaining that matter spontaneous exists/comes into existence.
Genesis 1:4 - And God saw that the light was good. The word “good” here means God’s creation was perfect in every way just as is God is perfect.
Genesis. 1:5 – And the evening and the morning were the first day. The theory of evolution requires millions of years, a view some Christians support. The Hebrew word chosen for a day designed the time span of 24 hours. The use of the term throughout the creation text of “evening and morning” adds redundancy to the 24-hour designation. Furthermore, other Hebrew words could have been chosen if longer periods of time were involved. The term of millions of years is pivotal to secularists in excluding the supernatural God and replacing him with naturalism/materialism.
Genesis 1:24 – And God said, “Let the earth bring forth the living creatures after his kind, cattle…” God fixed “kinds” in the animal kingdom. Therefore, from a scriptural perspective, amoeba-to-man evolution is not possible and has never been observed in nature, i.e., dog kinds only produce dogs.
Genesis 1:27 – So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him. The image of God is to be without sin. Although man fell away from God, Christ’s redemptive work of dying on the cross paid the debt of our sin and will again return us to a state of perfection in the heavenly home prepared for us.
G ALLUP POLL OF JUNE 2012 Results are as follows on Americans regarding their belief in creation.
Belief in creation, 46% Belief in God-guided evolution, 32% Belief that man evolved via nature, 15%.
EVIDENCES
REAL SCIENCE - EVOLUTION IS NOT POSSIBLE (Scientific proofs against evolution for a elementary students.) Matter does not spontaneously come into existence. (See the physics section, big
bang theory -1st Law of Thermodynamics.) Disorder does not create order. (See the physics section, entropy - 2nd Law of
Thermodynamics.) Non-life does not create life. (See the biology section, life from non-life.)
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DNA is a language and language demands intelligence and therefore does not occur by chance or random events. (See the biology section, DNA.)
Design requires a designer, namely a creator. (See the biology section, intelligent design.)
Machines (molecular) do not operate until assembled and when assembled, can only operate if their assembly is fined tuned. (See the biology section, molecular machines.)
The fossil record is clear evidence for biblical creation, not evolution. (See the biology section, fossil record.)
Darwinism, namely natural selection coupled with mutations. (See the biology section, natural selection and mutations via fruit fly experiments.)
ASTRONOMY Our Sun, Not a Common Star - The sun’s specific qualities in terms of composition,
location, galaxy, radiation, mass, orbit, and rotation all are perfectly designed to sustain life on our planet earth.
Earth’s Position in the Solar System - The region around a star where water can exist is a very narrow zone called the Circumstellar Habitable Zone (CHZ). If not within that zone, water will either boil off or freeze and life will be non-existent.
Earth’s Mass – The mass of the earth supports life by retaining atmosphere, protecting it from cosmic radiation, holding an optimal level of oxygen and maintaining appropriate heat and gravity.
Effects of the Moon – The moon stabilizes the tilt of the earth and causes the tides. Ocean tides flush nutrients from continents and maintain the large-scale circulation necessary to warm the higher latitudes of the earth.
Jupiter – Jupiter shields the earth from the likelihood of comet impacts.BIOLOGY
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) DNA is the language and blueprint of life. Languages always denote intelligence. The mainstay of evolution, chance/random events, does not and cannot produce
language or information. The human body has about 100 trillion cells and each cell has three feet of DNA. The DNA molecules in a human body, if placed end to end, would reach back and
forth from the earth to the sun over 600 times. The language-based human DNA sequence, the human genome, would fill 200
1,000 page New York City telephone books. DNA self-replicates using the cellular machinery made of proteins. The movement of proteins within a cell occurs via motors and cellular busses. Both Dr. Crick and Dr. Dawkins who are pre-eminent evolutionary biologists, due
to the incredible complexity of DNA, claim that life was seeded on earth by higher intelligence which they designate to be aliens.
A metaphor to demonstrate the concept that DNA requires intelligence is to have a student say a phrase in a foreign language. This can’t possible considered a chance event as claimed by the process of evolution.
Fossil Record Transitional Fossils
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Evolution demands that there is a gradual succession of animals starting with single-celled animals all the way to man. The intermediate animals of this process are described as transitional species. They must be most plentiful in the fossil record if evolution is a fact. While Darwin predicted that the fossil record would show numerous transitional fossils, even now there are only a handful of disputable examples. A metaphor demonstrating the concept of transitional fossils is to have a student say the alphabet or numbers omitting many of the letters/numbers within the sequence.
Cambrian Explosion If indeed evolution is a process of the gradual and stepwise development of the animal kingdom, the fossil record must document that fact. However, the opposite is the case. Large numbers of highly complex animals and plants suddenly appear within the fossil record with no signs of development from lower to higher forms. This is what one would expect with the Genesis flood. Even evolutionists indicate that there are 1.5 billion years missing in the fossils record. A case illustrating their dilemma is the trilobite. It was one of the earliest arthropods and emerged during the Cambrian period, i.e., an accompanying and unexplainable feature of this creature was its exceeding complex visual system.
Intelligent Design (ID) William Paley (1743-1805) offered a watch as an example of intelligent design, noting that a complex product does not occur by chance but is the obvious result of a creator/designer. Intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause and are not explained by a random or chance process such as natural selection. Secularists oppose ID since it conflicts with their secular philosophy. Additionally, it would open the door to creationism which they find unacceptable. In 2004, the school board of Dover, Pennsylvania, voted to require the teaching of ID alongside evolution in science classrooms. On December 20, 2005, U.S. District Court Judge John Jones wrote, "We have concluded that it is not science, and moreover that ID cannot uncouple itself from its creationist and thus religious, antecedents." It is interesting that intelligent individuals actually believe that the philosophical position of evolution that is mere conjecture would be considered science, but such is their worldview.
Life from Non-Life - The aim of Stanley Miller’s 1953 experiment was to demonstrate that the building blocks of life, namely amino acids from which proteins are made, could come into existence from non-life by chance. He used a gas mixture that he believed existed on the primordial earth. This concoction consisted of ammonia, methane, hydrogen, and water vapor. Since it was necessary to add an energy source to start a reaction, Miller used electricity, assuming that the original energy source could have previously come from lightning. Major reasons why the experiment is invalid are listed below. Without intervention within the experiment (cold trapping), the amino acids that
were formed would immediately have destroyed by oxygen. Scientists later agreed that the environment Miller used was later found to
inconsistent with what was assumed to be primordial earth and nitrogen and carbon dioxide should have been used instead for his experiment.
Organic acids had also been formed during the experiment and would be destroyed or transformed the amino acids into different compounds.
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Amino acids are basic building blocks used to make proteins. They are the core component of living organisms. There are twenty different amino acids that can be linked together to form chains (peptides). These peptides are then folded and joined with other peptides to form proteins. Proteins are incapable of assembling themselves without the assistance of DNA which is the blueprint and code for all of life. Therefore, DNA is responsible for instructing the action of proteins. Proteins cannot act without DNA.
The mathematical probability of just one small protein (100 amino acids) forming in the proper sequence by itself in nature is impossible. There would not be enough time in the time span offer in the evolutionary history of the universe for this to occur. A demonstration of this problem can be made by throwing two decks of cards into the air. Keep in mind that there are 20 different amino acids. There is no way chance can put all of those 20 amino acids is an exact sequence to produce a protein just as the cards cannot be placed in the exact previous sequence by mere chance. An additional dilemma is that the average protein actually has at least 300 amino acids.
In conclusion, the Miller experiment used an acidic mixture which destroyed and oxidized the useful molecules it obtained. Today, Miller’s experiment is disregarded even by evolutionary scientists. However, it is still listed as a proof of evolution on a website named Truescience. This is not surprising since the falsehoods of evolution are typically touted by the popular press and educational sources for decades after they are debunked. Actually, a simple cell is more complex than New York City. It contains several thousand different kinds of proteins, other highly complex molecules and complex structures. Additionally, the blueprint for life itself is contained in the DNA and its messenger, RNA. Louis Pasteur (1822-95) stated that life cannot be made from non-life (Law of abiogenesis). When evolutionists face the impossible, they ignore, philosophize or create rescue devices. Making life from non-life has never been done before, can’t be done now and will not be done in the future.
Mutations via Fruit Fly Experiments The simple genetic structure of fruit flies offers a prime testing ground to evaluate
the possibility of evolution having occurred. For over 100 years evolutionists have been experimenting with fruit flies using
radiation, chemicals and genetic engineering in attempting to generate new and useful genetic information.
Experiments have resulted in defects such as eyeless flies, legs growing from their heads, extra wings, useless or twisted wings; however, no beneficial mutations have occurred and the fruit flies die when genetic changes go beyond the limits they can tolerate.
No positive mutations or mutation to increase genetic information has been found, even after 600 generations of fruit flies. Damaging genetic material or mutations will not create advanced levels of development in an organism.
Fruit flies remain fruit flies as scripture states, namely creatures reproduce “after their kind,” this being the case throughout the animal kingdom.
Not even one mutation has ever been found that adds information to the genome. Molecular Machines – Complex machines exist within cells. When one part of a
machine is compromised, the cell does not effectively function (minimal function). However, if a part is not present, a machine cannot operate (irreducibly complex). In
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fact, there is no legitimate argument of how cells can develop within an evolutionary context, given their complexity. Michael J. Behe, a microbiologist, used a mouse trap to explain this concept of irreducible complexity. If one takes one part of the mouse trap away, it will not work. Additionally, if one part is compromised, minimal function will occur, again compromising the function of the device. Only God designs the complex machines found within cells.
Natural Selection – Natural selection is characterized by a relentless competition for survival going on in nature with certain members within a species having genetic characteristics which improve their chances of survival. These individuals have a better chance of surviving and therefore pass their genetic strengths on to future generations. These small changes are assumed to be only observable after many generations and lead to the creation of a more advanced species. To support their viewpoint, secularists choose to not distinguish between micro- and macro-evolution as distinct processes.
The difficulty with natural selection is that as specific genes that aid survival increase and less useful genes decrease resulting in the actual loss of genetic material. A loss of genetic information will not possibly result in progressive development in a species. Additionally, the belief that random mutations provide positive genetic input is not a rational viewpoint as delineated in the previous section, namely mutations via fruit fly experiments.
A metaphor demonstrating this concept is to show the pairing of gene alleles, one from each parent with one allele being favored by natural selection (an allele for long fur [L] in a cold environment) and one allele for short fur [s] within that environment. Given this pairing, the possible allele outcomes would be LL, Ls, Ls and ss. In the case of ss, genetic material would be lost. Therefore, the conclusion is that natural selection there is a net loss of genetic material which could not possibly create ascendency within the animal kingdom. (Colored bristle blocks could be used in this illustration.)
CONSCIENCE The Apostle Paul, as an adolescent, was under the tutorage of one of the greatest teachers of his time, Gamaliel. Consequently, Paul had an excellent understanding of the Old Testament scriptures (Law). Additionally, growing up in a Hellenistic (Greek) culture, he was exposed to the many philosophies of his time. His statement in Romans 2:15 deals with an understanding of conscience, namely: The Gentiles show the work of the Law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness and their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or also excusing one another. There is no explanation for the creation of a conscience from matter as would be required by the theory of evolution. Of course, to many, morality is not an absolute.
CONSCIOUSNESS Materialism/Naturalism – Secular philosophies rely on life coming from matter which cannot be transformed into consciousness. Sensations, thoughts, emotions, desires, beliefs, and free will cannot be converted into matter. This is just another bit of nonsense that philosophers have debated for centuries.
PHYSICS Big Bang Theory (A philosophical position (conjecture) that is not science.)
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Hubble’s Law – In 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe was expanding implying that the universe was once compressed. Using mathematical considerations, the universe is believed to have come into existence 14.7 billion years ago. The term, big bang, is credited to British astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle in 1950. If the universe was once very hot as suggested in the big bang, remnants of heat should be present. This phenomenon was as discovered by Radioastronomers, Penizias and Wilson in 1965 (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation –CMB). The preponderance of hydrogen and helium in the universe are thought to support the big bang theory of the origin of the universe. Physicist Robert Gentry claimed the big bang model is flawed and prefers Einstein’s paradigm, however, the String Theory is the latest theory of origin.
Regarding the question of whether there is a god, secularists suggest that this is an area where science and theology meet. That is ludicrous, describing philosophy as science is a common ploy used by secularists as they deal with the conjecture of evolution. Just review the preceding underlined items which represent philosophy, not science, for proof of this statement.
The big bang is just another model designed by individual with an anti-Christian worldview proposed to deny the existence of the Creator God.
Evolution states nature is the driving force of the universe. The big bang requires matter to initially exist, this being a supernatural event violating the 1st Law of Thermodynamics which states that matter only converts to energy and vice versa. Therefore science dictates that large masses of matter are neither pre-existent nor are they the result of spontaneous generation.
A metaphor for demonstrating this concept of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics that matter only converts to energy and vice versa is a piece of paper. The piece of paper represents matter which can be burned to create energy. However, the energy from the sun can, through the avenue of photosynthesis, be converted into plant (tree) matter which can be used to make paper. There is just no such thing as spontaneous generation for matter to exist as suggested in the big bang theory. A second tactic is to talk about magicians who use trickery to create the illusion that an object or rabbit magically appear and making the point that only through deception can something come into existence on its own.
Earth’s Magnetic and Gravitational Fields – These fields are in a state of decay (entropy). Related research concludes that the earth is only thousands of years old.
Entropy - The second law of thermodynamics, entropy, states that the whole universe of matter is running down, going from order to disorder. Relative to the big bang theory, the explosion of a mass of matter is claimed to ultimately result in the creation of an extraordinarily organized universe. No matter how one advances a philosophical position to support this charade, it is just nonsense. Disorder does not create order.
A metaphorical for demonstrating this concept is to have a deck of card that is sequenced from low to high. Once it is dropped major disorder is established.
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NONSENSE
PHILOSOPHYThe philosophy of ancient Greeks underlies today’s secularism and evolution. The ancient Greek philosophers exchanged their mythological approach of the world for a reason and an evidence based perspective. The Greek viewpoint embodied both the philosophies of materialism and naturalism.
Naturalism is the belief that only natural as opposed to supernatural forces operate in the universe, namely that nothing exists beyond the natural world.
Materialism is the belief that all things are composed of material and that all in life is the result of material properties and interactions. Therefore, all reality is totally based on physical matter including human thought, feelings, and action.
AGE OF ENLIGHTMENT (REASON) The Age of Enlightenment had its origin in the late 17th century in Europe. The emphasis of the age was reason, individualism and free thinking. The scientific method was used to challenge tradition, the church and scripture. Proponents of this philosophy included Francis Bacon (1562-1626), Baruch
Spinoza (1632–1677), John Locke (1632–1704),Voltaire (1694–1778) and physicist Isaac Newton (1643–1727) among others.
The Age of Enlightenment continues to significantly influence the culture, politics, and government of our county.
In America followers of the Enlightenment included the likes of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson and played a major role in the American Revolution and documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights.
This Age of Reason supported free thinkers in England such as Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell, Ernst Haeckel, Thomas Huxley, Sigmund Freud, and Charles Dawson.
PURPOSE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT To undermine scripture’s authority by replacing nature for God and the supernatural. To establish that the existence of the universe is the result of nature, not God. To place morality into the hands of man, not God.
(The foregoing premises undermine Luther’s premises, namely that we know there is a God due to the existence of the world, our conscience and holy scripture.)
ASSUMPTIONS OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION Evolution is a fact not to be discussed or challenged. “Given enough time, anything can happen.” An organism evolved from its ancestors by chance over millions of years. An organism lived successfully for a period of time and then became extinct as its
offspring evolved more effective ways of surviving.
Evolutionists claimed that the coelacanth, a claimed intermediate between fish and amphibian, died out about 65 million years ago since only fossils were available. In 1938 Captain Hendrick Goosen caught a 5 foot coelacanth, a deep water fish, that was 127 pounds. This fish had large scales that were pale mauve blue with iridescent silver markings.
The coelacanth showed no evidence that its soft parts that were starting to adapt for use on land and was clearly not an ancestor of amphibians. The young are born alive, not from eggs and their DNA is fish like in nature. It had not evolved or changed appreciable over what evolutionists considered to be the last 65 million years. Evolutionists lost another supposed transitional specie and were ultimately forced to describe the coelacanth as a living fossil.
SOURCE OF THE PROPAGANDA OF EVOLUTION Evolution is science, not a philosophy or conjecture. Evolution is a fact and given sufficient time, science will establish this premise. There is massive and overwhelming evidence for evolution. The earth is our mother, hence the term “mother earth.” Media outlets including animal Planet (almost human), National Geographic, Nova,
typical publication and press releases, television, and movie productions. Student textbooks in America.
QUESTIONS EVOLUTIONISTS CANNOT HONESTLY ANSWER(The ongoing problem with philosophy is that is pure intellectualizing. Philosophy without valid mechanisms to support its existence is nonsense and not science.)
How did the matter responsible for the big bang come into existence? Refer to the “Big Bang Theory” (conjecture) below.
How did time and space come into existence? How did planets and stars form from space dust? How did matter create life?
Refer to “Life from Non-Life” in the biology subsection under evidence. How do mutations generate an ascendency in the genome?
Refer to “Natural Selection” in the biology subsection under evidence. Refer to “Mutations via Fruit Fly Experiments” in the biology subsection under
evidence. How did matter produce design?
Refer to “Intelligent Design” in the biology subsection under evidence. Refer to “Molecular Machines” in the biology subsection under evidence.
How did matter produce the language of DNA? Refer to “DNA” in the biology subsection under evidence.
How were early life-forms able to reproduce themselves? How did major changes occur between diverse life forms (i.e., fish changed to
amphibians, amphibians to reptiles, and reptiles to birds or mammals)?
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Refer to “Mutations and Fruit Fly Experiments” the biology subsection under evidence.
Refer to “natural selection” the biology subsection under evidence.
How did consciousness emerge from matter? How did matter create emotions?
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMATIC AREAS FOR EVOLUTION The intelligent design and the laws of the universe necessitate a designer. The concept of millions of years is not science, but an indefensible philosophical ploy. While Darwin predicted that the fossil record would show numerous transitional
fossils, even now all we have are a handful of disputable examples. Over the last few centuries, monkey to man evolution has not occurred, but it has
been beset with numerous cases of mistaken identity and outright fraud.
CORE BELIEFS AS REPORTED BY SPECIFIC ATHEISTS “Evolution therefore came into being as a kind of secular ideology, an explicit
substitute for Christianity.” (Michael Ruse - professor of philosophy and zoology) “Materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.” (Dr.
Richard Lewontin - world renowned evolutionary biologist) “I had a motive for not wanting the world to have meaning: For myself, the
philosophy of meaninglessness was essentially an instrument of liberation, sexual and political.” (Aldous Huxley - British novelist)
ATHEISTS’ RESPONSES TO CREATIONISM (Ken Ham & Bill Neye Debate*)
Philosophical proofs and non-scientific formulations/conjecture. “I don’t know”* and “That is a great mystery.”* “Aliens seeded life on earth.” (Drs. Francis Crick and Richard Dawkins)
APOLOGETIC APPLICATIONS
INSTRUCTIONAL CONTEXT Plan to use the most effective teaching approach. Keep in mind that the continuum
from least effective to highly effective is lecture, reading, audiovisual, demonstration, discussion, practice doing, and teaching others.
Within the early elementary grades, there is an abundance of literary materials available which can be incorporated into lessons or have available for students from such sources as Answers in Genesis, Institute for Creation Research and Zondervan.
There is much excellent audiovisual material such as that found in this resource packet which supplements instructional materials for learners and professionals alike.
Choose materials based on concept to be covered and not length of the audiovisual. Do not feel compelled to use the whole DVD or YouTube.
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Review prior knowledge. In understanding that science is a right-brained activity, engage the children in using
graphic organizers instead of linear note taking as appropriate. Review content and develop the related evolution/nonsense, science and scripture
sequence. Share God’s story from scripture as offered below either through the basic version
which is found on the following page or from the Answers in Genesis perspective. For the purpose of offering the whole picture of God’s story, i.e., if one is teaching the story of the global flood, when that phase is completed, briefly start at that point and continue to review God’s story from beginning to the end.
COUNSELING FORMATSome individuals have questions about the validity of scripture because of the constant propaganda of secularists that are thrust upon them daily. They may accept evolution as an absolute truth or merely merge scripture with evolution. It is our responsibility to give the Holy Spirit an opportunity to work by sharing God’s message in scripture. An excellent example of this process is offered via the Evolution vs.. God DVD/YOUTUBE listed in resources which follow within the Evolution section.
Listen - give individuals time to offer their view point/articulate their question(s). Do not become argumentative. In ministering to others, the goal on the onset is
to maintain a relationship. If that is not achieved, the person will not listen. Gently inquire which life circumstance(s) underlie their concern. Keep in mind that their position may be intellectual, namely from a basic
misunderstanding. However, the barrier may also come from the heart, in which case one would be wise to probe that matter before dealing with matters of misinterpretation and then move on to evangelism. (For further clarification, refer to Apologetics in Action on page 4.)
Actively listen to their response without interrupting. Ask a question about the mechanism of evolution they are dealing with.
Questions help clarify a position, offer that individual an opportunity to think about their position and give a counselor a point of entry for intervention. For example, if they believe in the big bang, ask them where the material for the big bang came from. This, of course, is an unanswerable question. Other problematic questions are listed in the previous two sections.
Explain that there is no scientific proof for the big bang. (See page 11 under The Big Bang in the Physics section.) The approach suggested here is the confront the nonsense of evolution as being philosophy, not science.
Explain that Christianity is a religion, a philosophy, as is evolution, but falsely some merge science and their philosophy as is the case with the conjecture of the big bang.
Share the scriptural perspective on the topic at hand. Share God’s story from scripture as offered below either as the basic version, the
Answers in Genesis perspective.
ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
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Within the counseling context, questions both of content and of the heart typically take on a spiritual dimension, therefore being cognizant of how a subject’s concerns relate to God, namely his attributes, is a critical consideration. From that perspective, first of all, God is a spirit. John 4:24. A basic list of God’s are listed below.
Eternal - …Even from everlasting to everlasting, Thou art, God. Psalms 90:2. Unchangeable - I am the Lord, I change not. Malachi 3:6. Omnipotent (almighty) - With God all things are possible. Matthew 19:26. Omniscient (all knowing) - Lord, Thou knowest all things. John 21:17. Omnipresent (present everywhere) - …”Do not I fill heaven and earth?” saith the
Lord. Jeremiah 23:24. Holy - Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of hosts. Isaiah 6:3. Just - A God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is He. Deuteronomy 32:4. Faithful – He abideth faithful; He cannot deny Himself. II Timothy 2:13. Benevolent (desiring our welfare) - God is love. I John 4:8. Merciful (full of pity) - His tender mercies are over all His works. Psalms 145:9. Gracious (forgiving) - God is love. I John 4:8.
GOD’S STORYBasic Version The Seven C’s
(Answers in Genesis Paradigm)God’s perfect creation on earth. Creation - Genesis 1:1Man’s fall into sin and its effect on the world. Corruption – Sin, death and decay.God’s promise of a Savior (Genesis 3:15).Catastrophe – The Genesis global flood. Catastrophe – The Genesis global floodTower of Babel – Confusion of languages and the dispersion of His people across the face of the earth.
Confusion – God commanded man to spread across the entire earth. Their refusal led to God confusing the languages.
Story of the Old Testament - God’s caring and discipline of His chosen (Jewish) people.
Christ – Living a perfect life without sin.
God’s promise of a Savior fulfilled in His keeping the law perfectly in our stead.
Cross – The sacrifice for our sins, the conquering of death and the devil.
Christ’s suffering and death on the cross for our sins as the Lamb of God.
Consummation – God restores us and earth to its original perfect state in heaven.
Living with God forever in heaven.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
EARLY ELEMENTARY YOUTUBE – Beginners Bible for Kids Creation. This is a 27 minute cartoonish YouTube
of the creation story. Other available stories: Moses, Good Samaritan and Daniel. YOUTUBE - God of Wonders. This is an 86 minute YouTube that is beautifully done. DVD - Incredible creatures - The Nature of God. These are a three 30 minute DVDs of
the incredible creatures defy evolution of by Job Martin. #1 Pacific reef-Whales, waves & ocean wonders. #2 Hawaian shoreline - Fins, foliage, & shoreline fun. #3 Tropical Mountain Forest in Hawaii - winged creatures, waterfalls & wild reptiles.*
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AiG DVD – Swamp Man – This is a 45 minute DVD with Buddy Davis dealing with God’s creatures in the everglades.*
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY AiG YOUTUBE - Big Problems with the Big Bang Theory. A 30 minute YouTube
comparing the big bang and scripture with Dr. Jason Lisle lecturing to adolescents. YOUTUBE - The Collapse of Evolution and Fact of Creation. This 64 minute
documentary is an excellent resource providing evidence undermining evolution. YOUTUBE – Proof of Creation – This is Genesis Week. This is a 28 minute lecture. YOUTUBE - Something From Nothing – This is Genesis Week. This is an 18 minute
lecture. YOUTUBE – Evolution Demolition. This is an excellent 61 minute presentation on the
topic by Dr. Mark Champneys. He says of Richard Dawkins, “There is no God and I hate him.”
YOUTUBE – Creation is a Scientific Fact. This is a 44 minute presentation with excellent visual effects.
AIG DVD - Science Confirms Bible. This 58 minute lecture by Ken Ham deals with the evidences of DNA, origin of races, Noah’s Flood, Ice Age, creation days and dating. Although the topic is complex, it is clearly presented.*
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULTAstronomy ICR YOUTUBE – Astronomy Reveals Creation. A 66 minute lecture by Dr. Jason Lisle. YOUTUBE – Our Solar System: Evidence of Creation. This is an 88 minute lecture
about the unique ways that each planet contradicts evolution. YOUTUBE - Creation Astronomy: The Heavens Declare the Glory of God. This is a 74
minutes lecture. YOUTUBE - Evolution vs. Creationism: the Big bang and the Fossil Record. This is a 9
minute YouTube offered in a lecture format.Biology YOUTUBE – “Amino acids – Building blocks of Life Make Up Proteins.” This is a 5
minute YouTube. (Internet site). ORIGINS YOUTUBE – Genetics Confirms the Bible. This is a 26 minute lecture by Dr.
Robert Carter. YOUTUBE – DNA by Design. This is a 60 minute lecture by Dr. Stephen Meyer. YOUTUBE - Intelligent Design. This is a beautiful 57 minute YouTube that deals with
is cellular biology. AIG DVD - Only One Race. This is a 50 minute lecture by Ken Ham on race asking if
Darwinian evolution fueled racism.* AIG YOUTUBE - The Origin of Life. – Dr. Mike Riddle offers a 19 minute lecture on the
topic. YOUTUBE – “The Secret of Life – Discovery of DNA Structure.” – This is an interesting
9 minute YouTube. (Internet site). YOUTUBE – You are Fearfully and Wonderfully made. This is a 9 minute charismatic
YouTube on topic featuring effective visuals.
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YOUTUBE – “What is DNA.” - This is a basic 5 minute YouTube offering. (Internet site). Creation YOUTUBE – Creation Evidence from South America. This is a 44 minute YouTube
offered by Dr. Don Patton. YOUTUBE – Dr. John Witcomb – The Creator of the World. This is a 41 minute
theological conference lecture by one of the fathers of the creationism in America. ORIGINS YOUTUBE - Evidence for Creation “Genetics Confirms the Bible.” Dr. Robert
Carter of Creation Ministries International lectures for 26 minutes on topic. YOUTUBE – Explosive Geological Evidence for Creation: Mt. St. Helens. This is an 85
minute lecture dealing with scientific evidence on the topic. AIG DVD - Genesis: Key to Reclaim Culture. This is a 41 minute lecture by Ken Ham
offering tools in defending one’s faith against the secular humanism. YOUTUBE – God of Wonders. This an 84 minute YouTube with excellent visual effects
dealing with God’s incredible creation. YOUTUBE – Origin of Man. Dr. Duane Gish, an extremely articulate creationist, offers
this 19 minute audio presentation. ICR YOUTUBE – The Bible and Modern Man. This is a 10 minute lecture by Dr. Duane
Gish, an articulate creationist. YOUTUBE - The Signs of God’s Existence. – This is a 115 movie with excellent
content. YOUTUBE – The Ultimate Proof of Creation. Dr. Jason Lisle offers a 49 minute lecture
on the topic.Debates
1981 Debate Ken Miller vs. Henry Morris. This offers great content and is basically a 190 minute debate.
YOUTUBE – Lennox Vs.. Dawkins Debate. Has Science Buried God? (June 1, 2013; June 18, 2011). This is an excellent 80 minute debate between two Oxford professors.
YOUTUBE – Debate: Phil Donahue, Duane Gish, Evolution vs.. Creation. This is a 30 minute segment from his television show.
YOUTUBE – The God Delusion Debate. – Richard Dawkins and John Lennox, two Oxford professors, debate Richard’s book, The God Delusion, for 100 minutes.
Evolution YOUTUBE – Biologist Exposes Lie of “Overwhelming Evidence for Evolution.” Dr.
Jonathan Wells offers a 5 minute lecture on many icons of evolution. CREATION MAGAZINE YOUTUBE – Cornerstones of Evolution Refuted. This 59 minute
YouTube is a discussion between two presenters. YOUTUBE – Dark History of Evolution – Henry Morris. Dr. Morris, one of the fathers of
the creation movement in America, offers a 47 minute lecture. YOUTUBE – Evolution Challenge of the Fossil Record. Dr. Duane Gish, an extremely
articulate creationist, offers a 50 minute lecture. YOUTUBE – Evolution Destroyed in under 5 Minutes. Dr. David Berlinski talks
intelligently about the nonsense of evolution from a mathematical perspective. DVD - Evolution vs. God. – This 38 minute powerful, stinging and thought provoking
interview contrasts Christianity & evolution and is offered by Ray Comfort of Living Waters Publications. *
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YOUTUBE - Evolution vs. God. – This 38 minute powerful, stinging and thought provoking interview contrasts Christianity & evolution and is offered by Ray Comfort of Living Waters Publications. This can be accessed by going to the Living Waters website.
YOUTUBE – Evolutionism: The Greatest Deception of All Time. Dr. Thomas Sharp lectures for 48 minutes on the topic.
DVD - Expelled. This 95 minute Ben Stein movie seeks to find why belief in intelligent design is excluded from the secular science community.
YOUTUBE – Expelled - No Intelligence Allowed. A Ben Stein documentary of 97 minutes focusing on the intolerance of secularists to the intelligent design movement.
AIG YOUTUBE - Ken Ham Responds to Intolerant Bill Nye Defenders. During a 3 minute rebuttal Ken Ham discusses the name calling and profanity of insecure secularists following his debate with Bill Nye.
YOUTUBE – Inherently Wind. This is a 17 minute analysis of Inherit the Wind which is a play offering a slanted synopsis of the Scope Trial of 1925.
ICR - YOUTUBE – The Troubled Waters of Evolution. (Part 1 & 2) Dr. Henry Morris, a father of the creationist movement in America, offers a 10 minute lecture.
YOUTUBE – Richard Dawkins and Aliens. This incredible 5 minute clip features an excerpt from Ben Stein’s movie, “Expelled,” where Richard Dawkins, a prominent proponent of evolution, proposes that aliens seeded life on earth.
YOUTUBE – Richard Dawkins Talks Aliens and Gods. The 10 minute YouTube deals with the philosophical circumlocution of this Oxford professor.
YOUTUBE – Whale Evolution vs.. The Actual Fossil Evidence. This is a 9 minute YouTube with University of Michigan Professors and Duane Gish, an apologist.
Genesis AIG DVD – Creation and the Christian Faith. – This is a hard-hitting 40 minute with
Ken Ham lecturing on why Genesis is foundational to the Christian faith.* ORGINS YOUTUBE – Creation Week with Donald DeYoung. In 26 minutes, Dr.
DeYoung reviews each day of the creation week from a scientific perspective. AIG DVD – The Six Days of Creation. This is a 50 minute DVD featuring Ken Ham
lecturing on the fact that God created the universe in six 24-hour days.* AIG YOUTUBE – What’s Wrong with Progressive Creation? This is a 4 minute
YouTube offered by Dr. Terry Mortenson. AIG YOUTUBE – Genesis – The Key to Reclaiming the Culture. This is a 41 minute
lecture by Ken Ham.*Intelligent Design
YOUTUBE – Intelligent Design. This is a 5 minute YouTube with beautiful visuals that deal with the one concept that there is a Creator God.
YOUTUBE – Intelligent Design Theory. This is a 5 minute YouTube with objective information.
YOUTUBE – Michael Behe: Intelligent Design. This is a 65 minute DVD by biochemist Dr. Michael, a pioneer in Intelligent Design movement.
Scripture YOUTUBE – Dr. Walter T. Brown – God’s Power and Scripture’s Authority. This is a 14
minute lecture with visuals and some incredible evidence.
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ORIGINS YOUTUBE – Evolution – The Grand Experiment. Dr. Carl Werner, offers good visuals and discusses the topic for 28 minutes.
YOUTUBE – Evolutionism: The Greatest Deception of All Time. Dr. Thomas Sharp lectures for 48 minutes on the topic.
YOUTUBE - God of Wonders: Scientists Prove Almighty God’s Existence. This is an 84 minute scripturally-based presentation beautifully done by Praise Yahshua.
YOUTUBE – Incredible Facts of the Bible. – This is a 5 minute presentation with visually beautiful effects is offered with a written explanation in the foreground.
YOUTUBE – 101 Scientific Facts Found Within the Bible. This 203 minute presentation offers good visual backed by scriptural references.
AIG YOUTUBE – Science Confirms the Bible is True. A 21 minute lecture by Dr. Jason Lisle.
AIG DVD – The Six Days of Creation. – This is a 50 minutes lecture by Ken Ham dealing with the six literal days of creation.*
AIG DVD - Where did God come from? This is a 50 minute lecture by Ken Ham dealing with the topic of the Bible vs.. Evolution.*
AIG DVD - Why Won’t They Listen. This 50 minute Ken Ham lecture discusses why winning souls for Christ is so hard by comparing sin to Gospel cycle.*
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Regularly used internet materials:Answers in Genesis; Bible; Institute for Creation ResearchAnswers in Genesis Staff. “Arguments Creationists Should Avoid.” (Internet site).Gish, Dwayne. “Have You Been Brainwashed?” (Internet site). “100 Facts About DNA - Eye on DNA.” (Internet site).Lawrence, Debbie & Richard. God’s Design for Heaven & Earth – Our Planet Earth. Answers
in Genesis Science.Luther, Martin – Luther’s Small Catechism.Mazin’s Blog - The Sieve of Truth “Miller’s Experiment.” March 23, 2008 (Internet site). Moran, Laurence. “Evolution is a Fact and a Theory.” The Talk Origins Archive
(Internet site).Morris, Henry. “Does Entropy Contradict Evolution?” Institute for Creation Research
(Internet site).Morris, Henry. “The Mathematical Impossibility of Evolution,” Institute for Creation
Research (Internet site). Purdom, Georgia. “Is Natural Selection the Same Thing as Evolution?” The new AIG Answers
Book. Answers in Genesis.Riddle, Mike. “Can Natural Processes Explain the Origin of Life?” Answers in Genesis
(Internet site).Staff Writer – “All about Science Big Bang Theory – An Overview” AllAboutScience.org
(Internet site).Sarfati, Jonathan. “Arguments We Think Creationists Should Not Use.” Creation Ministries
International (Internet site). Sarfati, Jonathan and Matthews, Michael. “Refuting Evolution.” Creation.com. (Internet
site).
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Seegert, Jay. “More DNA Evidence for Special Creation, Problems for Evolution.” Creation Today. (Internet site).
Strobel, Lee. 2004. The Case for a Creator. Zondervan. Grand Rapids, Michigan. Thomas, Brian. “100 Years of Fruit Fly Tests Show No Evolution.” Institute for Creation
Research (Internet site.)
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Chapter 2
DINOSAURS(Gateway to Evolution)
DINOSAURS IN THE BIBLE Genesis 1:24 - God created dinosaurs on the 6th day along with the other land
animals and man. Genesis 7:-11-12 & 19 - Two of every animal ”kind” including dinosaurs were on
the ark. Job 40:15-24 - The great beast described in Job was called the “behemoth” and had
a tail like a cedar tree fits the description of a dinosaur, i.e., a Brachiosaurs. Job 41:1, Psalms 74:14 & 104:26 and Isaiah 27:1 – The Leviathan is a dinosaur
found in the water and referenced in the preceding scripture references. Dragon - The term “dragon” is used a 28 times in the Old Testament. The Hebrew
term “tanniyn: was a mysterious creature resembling a giant reptile. English translations frequently use the term dragon although sea-monster, serpent and whale are also used. Creation scientists believe that dinosaurs were called dragons before the term, dinosaur, coined in 1841.
EVIDENCEDINOSAURS FACTS
The1820’s Gideon Mantell found unusual teeth and bones in a quarry. By 1841 about nine types of dinosaurs had been found and Dr. Richard Owen coined
the terms, “dinosauris,” meaning ”terrible lizard.” Dinosaurs vary in size from a small chicken to a bus, the average being about the
size of a sheep. The position of dinosaurs limbs are under the body unlike other reptiles where the
legs are at their sides. Ancient literature sources from around the world literature along with visual
depictions and replicas provide overwhelming evidence of dinosaur-like creatures that are referred to as dragons living with man. Additionally, dragons are found on the flag of Wales and the Chinese calendar.
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Job 40 15-18, Look at Behemoth, which I made along with you and which feeds on grass like an ox. What strength it has in its loins,
what power in the muscles of its belly! Its tail sways like a cedar; the sinews of its thighs are close-knit. Its bones
are tubes of bronze, its limbs like rods of iron.
SCRIPTURE
Reptiles continue to grow their entire life. With the pre-flood tropical environment being characterized as having increased oxygen, one would also expect that dinosaurs would have achieved greater longevity and increased sizes.
DINOSAURS LIVED WITH MAN SOFT TISSUE IN FOSSILS – In 2007 Dr. Mary Schweitzer, a paleontologist at North
Carolina State University, was conducting research on the fossilized thigh bone of a Tyrannosaurus Rex taken from Hell Creek formation of Montana. Using bone slices, she found flexible tissue and what appeared to be red blood cells with nuclei typical of reptiles and birds. These compelling discoveries are consistent with that of Egyptian mummies and similar finds of that age, but clearly not consistent with evolutionary theory which claims that dinosaurs lived between 65 to 230 million years ago before becoming extinct.
FRESH DINOSAUR BONES - In 1961 a petroleum geologist discovered a half-meter bone bed of fresh dinosaur bones in Alaska. How these bones could have remained in a fresh condition for millions of years is a perplexing question unless one understands that dinosaurs lived with man thousands of years ago. Additional evidence from carbon-14 dating finds dinosaur bones are less than 6000 years old.
DINOSAUR EGGS - Sauropod dinosaur eggs were found in the Lufeng Formation, in China, a flood-deposited rock layers below the Jurassic layer. Remnants of protein were found in their tiny embryonic bones. Fresh tissue and living cells cannot possibly be millions of years old. The shelf-life of proteins found in bone tissue does not exceed a few hundred thousand years.
C-14 DATING – Dating of eight dinosaur specimens yielded ages ranging from 22,000 to 39,000 years which is consistent with ages predicted by creationists.
NONSENSEEVOLUTIONISTS CLAIM
Dinosaurs evolved about 230 million years ago and died out 65 million years ago. Animals evolved from their ancestors, lived successfully for a period and became
extinct as their descendants evolved more effective ways of surviving. Dinosaurs did not live with man because man had not yet evolved. The stories about dragons in literature refer to mythological creatures. The many drawings and images across many ancient cultures that appear to look like
dinosaurs were a product of the artist’s imagination.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
EARLY ELEMENTARY
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AIG DVD – Dinosaurs Genesis & the Gospel. Ken Ham and Buddy Davis present two 30 fun-filled sessions on topic before an audience.
YOUTUBE – Dragons or Dinosaurs? – Creation or Evolution? This 84 minute YouTube offers historically relevant materials supporting dinosaurs living with man.
AIG YOUTUBE - Evolution vs. Creation – It is a Fact That the Dinosaurs Live with Man. A young Ken Ham presents a 27 minute talk to children about dinosaurs.
AIG YOUTUBE – I Dig Dinosaurs. Buddy Davis goes on a 25 minute fun-packed dinosaur dig.
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY YOUTUBE - Creation Today: Dinosaurs with Man. This is an interesting 38 minute
lecture with an energetic speaker using effective visuals featuring Eric Hovind. YOUTUBE – Dinosaurs and the Bible. This 64 minute presentation offers many
pictures and figures of dinosaurs from ancient times. YOUTUBE – Dinosaurs, Dragons and the Bible. An interesting presentation of 11
minutes with a focus on scriptural evidence of dinosaurs. YOUTUBE - Dragons or Dinosaurs? Creation or Evolution? This is an 84 minute
excellent presentation dealing with evidence that dinosaurs lived with man. AIG YOUTUBE - Evolution vs. Creation: #8 Dinosaurs and the Bible. The theme of this
5 minute YouTube with Ken Ham is that earth is not millions of years old. DVD - Extraordinary Evidence that Dinosaurs Lived with Man. An easily understood
presentation of 62 minutes offered by Don Patton. AIG DVD – Jurassic Prank – A Dinosaur Tale. This is a 54 minute entertaining lecture
by Tommy Mitchell using the movie to explain how the secular world indoctrinates audiences about the supposed truth of evolution.
YOUTUBE - Proof Dinosaurs Really Live with Man! This is a quite understandable lecture of 28 minutes with good visuals offered by John Pendleton.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT Creation Ministries International Staff. “C-14 Dating & Dino Bones.” Creation.com
(Internet site.)
YOUTUBE - Dinosaurs and the Bible. Jason Lisle of Answers in Genesis presents a 32 minute lecture.
AIG DVD – The Bible Explains Dinosaurs. During a 30 minute presentation the real history of dinosaurs is explained by Ken Ham.*
BIBLIOGRAPHYRegularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation ResearchHelder, Margaret. Fresh Dinosaur Bones Found. Answers in Genesis (Internet site).
Chapter 3GOD’S YOUNG EARTH
(The primary source of this chapter25
is an Answers magazine article.)
Exodus 20:11 for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day:
INTRODUCTIONThere are literally hundreds of dating methods for the age of the earth which counter evidence provided by evolutionists and point to a young earth. Lacking observational evidence, forensic scientists make many assumptions about the past using index fossils, the geologic column and unreliable radiometric dating techniques in upholding their theory of evolution in terms of uniformitarianism/gradualism and the earth being millions of years old.
In 1654 Archbishop Ussher of Ireland, using the genealogical record, dated the earth as being created in 4004 BC. Although it would impossible to defend an exact date for creation, non-the-less, in terms of the scriptural record, the earth is relatively young and not the millions of years old needed to support secularist’s theory of evolution.
SCRIPTUREHebrews 11:11 Through faith we understand that the worldswere framed by the word of God, so that things whichare seen were not made of things which do appear.
EVIDENCEYOUNG EARTH RATIONALE
Very Little Sediment On The Seafloor - The present amount of sediment on the ocean floor can easily be explained by a young age for the earth and the global flood. If sediments have been accumulating on the seafloor for three billion years, the seafloor would be choked with sediments many miles deep.
Bent Rock Layers - In many mountainous areas rock layers thousands of feet thick have been bent and folded without fracturing. This could not possibly occur if the rock layers were laid down separately over hundreds of millions of years and in a hardened state as gradualists contend.
Soft Tissue In Fossils - Evolutionists contend that dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. Dr. Mary Schweitzer, a paleontologist at North Carolina State University, found flexible tissue in dinosaur bones and what appeared to be red blood cells with nuclei typical of reptiles and birds. Evolutionists are also puzzled by the “fresh” (unfossilized) bone yards of dinosaur found in Alaska. Realistically, these bones must be relatively recent, not millions of years old as the theory of evolution requires.
Faint Sun Paradox - Evidence supports astronomers’ belief that the sun’s power comes from the fusion of hydrogen into helium deep in the sun’s core. The problem is as hydrogen fuses, it should change the composition of the sun’s core and
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gradually increase the sun’s temperature. If true, the earth would have been below freezing 3.5 million years ago when life is said to have evolved on our planet. However, the faint sun paradox conforms well within the biblical time line.
Rapidly Decaying Magnetic Field - The magnetic field of the earth protects living things from solar radiation. Without it, life on our planet could not exist. Scientists have found that this field is quickly wearing down and at the current rate of disintegration the earth could be no older than 20,000 years.
Helium in Radioactive Rocks - While drilling deep in the Precambrian (pre-flood) layer in New Mexico, the zircon in biotitic crystals of granite was found to yield a uranium-13 lead “age” of 1.5 billion years. Surprisingly, excessively high amounts of helium were also found in the zircon crystals yielding an age of only 6000 (+ or – 2000) years. This means that the uranium decayed very rapidly over the same 6000 years that the helium was leaking, namely 250,000 times faster than today’s measured rate. Furthermore, helium leakage, based on well-known physical laws, is definitely more accurate as a dating method than the radiometric “clocks” which are based on unprovable assumptions. This new evidence suggests that radioactive decay rates have not been constant in the past.
Carbon-14 In Fossils, Coal And Diamonds - Carbon-14 (radiocarbon) is a radioactive form of carbon that scientists use to date fossils. It has a half-life of only 5730 years. In the years from 1984-1998 seventy samples were analyzed using radiometric dating procedures with “ages” spanning 500 million years. These included fossils, coal, oil, natural gas and marble, all of which contained radiocarbon. The organic samples with supposed ages in the 32-350 million years age yielded carbon-14 dates between 20-50 thousand years. The earth’s stronger magnetic field in the past had protected the atmosphere from solar radiation and radiocarbon production. Therefore the carbon-14 ages of all fossils and coal need to be readjusted to less than 5000 years and diamonds to about 6,000 years.
Short-Lived Comets - Comets spend most of their life in the deep freeze of space away from the sun. When their orbit comes close to the sun, heat causes much of the comet to evaporate along with the dislodging of dust which forms a beautiful tail. Each passage near the sun greatly reduces the comet’s size and eventually causes it to fade away. The supposed average age of a comet is a few million years which makes sense if we have a solar system that is relatively young, but not if it is billions of years old. Rescue devices such as the Ort cloud and Kuiper Belt which are said to create new comets have been speculated to exist and create new comets although there is no real support for their existence.
Very Little Salt In The Sea - Since evolutionists believe the oceans have been around for 3 billion years, the oceans should contain vastly more salt than is the case. The fact is that the salinity of the oceans is reasonably in line with the biblical time scale of 6000 years.
DNA In “Ancient” Bacteria - Bacteria, coined Lazarus bacteria, were discovered in salt crystals typically dated to be 250 million years old. Scientists were shocked to find that the bacteria’s DNA was intact and very similar to that of modern bacterial DNA. Their quandary is quite substantial because, even under ideal conditions, the DNA of the bacterial spores was expected to have broken out. Based on known mutation rates, the DNA in the Lazarus bacteria should be quite different. However, this data is right in line with expectations of a young earth.
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NONSENSEThe big bang is a theory (bit of conjecture) about how the universe spontaneously came into existence from matter, which according to the laws of science, could not have existed. The natural viewpoint violates the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, namely that matter only converts into energy and vice versa. From a scientific perspective, matter cannot spontaneously exist as is required in the big bang. This theory proposes that 15 billions of years ago the universe began as a tiny, very hot and dense point containing mass, energy and space. As the story unfolded, this mass exploded and spread into space. This theory claims that over vast periods of time, the energy of the mass cooled down and turned into matter forming hydrogen, helium and collapsed to form stars and galaxies. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (entropy) states that everything in the universe moves from order to disorder. The big bang theory is simply going the wrong way on a one-way street. Of course, this story is told in an impressive way using highly technical language that is only understandable to individuals who have Ph.D. in physics and cosmetology. Simply put, the big bang theory is just another explanation of how supernatural events have supposedly occurred without the need for a creator. With all such blind alleys, evolutionists explain that the big bang is possible because the sun offers an open system which supports their viewpoint and that entropy is not in play in this specific case.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY ICR YOUTUBE – Creation Today: More Evidence of a Young Earth. This 28 minute
YouTube with Eric Hovind, an energetic speaker, is presented along with good visuals.
YOUTUBE – Scientific Evidence for a Young Earth. This 20 minute YouTube offers a pictorial format within its presentation.
ORIGINS YOUTUBE - Evidence For a Young World Part 1 with Dr. Russell Humphrey. This 26 minutes YouTube offers great evidence from astronomy, oceans and DNA.
YOUTUBE – The Young Age of the Earth – Documentary. This is a 76 minute movie offering much critical evidence and is beautifully done.
YOUTUBE – Age of the Earth (Evolution is a Fake Science). This is a 41 minute YouTube providing excellent information on the topic.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT YOUTUBE - Astounding Evidence for a Young Earth. This is a 57 minute lecture. YOUTUBE - Young Earth – Young Universe. This a 67 minute conference lecture.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Regularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation Research.Faulkner, Danny; Menton, David; Purdom, Geogia; and Snelling, Andrew. “10 Best Evidences
from Science the Confirm a Young Earth.” ANSWERS, VOL .7 NO 4, p. 46-67. (This article was used extensively for this topic.)
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Lisle, Jason. “Does the Big Bang Fit with the Bible?” The New Answers Book 2, pp. 103-110.
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Chapter 4
GENESIS FLOOD(Genesis 6:5 – 10:32)
Genesis 6:17 "Behold, I, even I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life, from under heaven;
everything that is on the earth shall perish.
SCRIPTUREBIBICAL RECORD OF THE FLOOD EVENT
Genesis 6:14 Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with rooms, and shall cover it inside and out with pitch.
Genesis 6:13 And God said unto Noah, “The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth.” (This was a supernatural event within the context of God’s creation.)
Genesis 6:19 And of every living thing of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.
Genesis 7:7 Then Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives with him entered the ark because of the water of the flood.
Genesis 7:11 … on the same day all the fountains of the great deep burst open. (The earth was torn apart.)
Genesis 7:12 The rain fell upon the earth for forty days and forty nights. Genesis 8:1 The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were
stopped. (Water came from below the earth’s crust.) Genesis 7:20-21 Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains
were covered. All flesh that moved on the earth perished, birds and cattle and beasts and every swarming thing that swarms upon the earth, and all mankind.
PRE-FLOOD THEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Man has a Free Will – Genesis 2:16-17 And the Lord God commanded the man,
saying… “But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.”
Man sinned – Genesis 3:6 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat.
God Sent a Savior from Sin, Jesus Christ - Genesis 3:14-15 And the Lord God said… “And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.”
Sin Caused Drastic Changes to the earth and for Man - Genesis 3:16-17 -Unto the woman he said, “I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.” And unto Adam he said, “Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life;”
NEW TESTAMENT WITNESSES OF THE FLOOD Luke 17:20 & 26 Jesus …answered them and said, “The kingdom of God cometh not
with observation.” -…”And just as it happened in the days of Noah, so it will be also in the days of the Son of Man.”
1 Peter 3:20 Which were sometimes disobedient when the longsuffering of God kept waiting in the days of Noah, during the construction of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through the water.
2 Peter 3:3 & 6 - The Coming Day of the Lord - Know this first of all, that in the last days mockers will come with their mocking, following after their own lusts. Through which the world at that time was destroyed, being flooded with water.
EVIDENCEPRE-FLOOD EARTH
Genesis 1:9-10 – And God said, “Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place…” (The earth was a single land mass before the flood. Since then, models suggest the continents catastrophically moved apart during the flood to essentially their present positions.)
Genesis 2:6 - But there went up a mist from the earth and watered the whole face of the ground. (Based on the fossil and plant records, there is no question that a tropic to semi-tropic environment existed across the earth causing a greenhouse effect. This canopy in the stratosphere blocked dangerous x-rays and ultraviolet radiation contributing to the longevity and athleticism of man.)
Environment - Fossilized rain forests have been found in desert areas and Antarctica. Samples of ancient amber show the atmosphere containing twice as much oxygen and carbon dioxide as is present now and the earth had a greater atmospheric pressure.
Genesis 7:6 - And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was upon the earth. Prior to the flood there was significantly greater longevity and creatures of greater size, i.e., foot-long cockroaches, 50-foot crocodiles, and 8 ½ foot centipedes. The increased amounts of atmospheric oxygen could explain this phenomena.
Genesis 3:17 And unto Adam he said, “Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life;” Much evidence is found in the geological record of the effects of sin in terms decay and malformations in animal and plant life.
GLOBAL GEOLOGICAL EVENTS Massive erosion across the earth and millions of dead things rapidly buried across the
earth having no evidence of decay or being eaten by scavengers. Colossal burials of fish and plant materials resulting in the creation of immersed
deposits of oil and coal. Massive earthquakes and volcanism across the face of the earth, opening of the
earth’s mantle and the rapid separation of continents via the movement of the tectonic plates.
Buckling and bending of the earth’s crust and uppermost mantle resulting in mountain building (orogeny).
SPECIFIC CATASTROPHIC EVIDENCES Sediment as much as a mile deep is found over 70% of the earth’s surface within and
also across continents. Bent rock without fracturing indicating strata were laid down rapidly while still wet. Rapid erosion or none between strata rules out gradual erosion over long durations. Classic dikes cross cutting sedimentary materials and intruding into a foreign rock. Fossils of sea creatures found high above sea level in the Andes and Himalayas. Polystrate fossils, usually trees, buried upright and cutting across multiple layers of
strata are found at about 2,500 feet below the earth’s surface. At Palouse Canyon in Washington State, the Lake Missoula floods eroded through
300-500 feet of basalt in one to two days suggesting rapid erosion of solid rock is very possible.
The volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 was a classic catastrophic event offering insight into multiple factors that would have been operating at the time of the flood, i.e., rapid formation of rock strata, canyon systems, polystrate fossils and peat bogs.
In 1976 a baleen whale was found entombed vertically in a quarry in Lompoc, CA. Massive erratic boulders were transported far from their point of origin. Beach lines from two large ancient lakes near the Grand Canyon are believed to be
evidence that two long lakes spilled over after the flood creating the Grand Canyon. When water overflows a dam, natural or man-made, the weakest point can result in a massive and cavational erosion as was likely the case with the Grand Canyon.
Evidence described as pillow lava in Columbia River basalts show rapid extrusion and cooling suggesting that the lavas were formed in a short period of time under water. This is consistent with the likelihood of these lavas forming during the global flood.
Disarticulated bones of many animals found on hill tops in fissures. There are few human fossils. Since man is mobile, he likely would have reached hill
tops before being caught by the Flood waters. There he would only rarely be trapped and then buried in the sediments. If the earth were billions of years old, those fossils would been more plentiful.
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NONSENSE
There was no global flood, only a number of local floods. The story of Noah and the global flood is one of the many flood legends or myths
reported by ancient peoples around the world.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY DVD – John Daly Fossil Beds. The fossil beds of Oregon’s high desert are explored in
a 30 minute presentation by Noah Justice of Master Books.*
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT YOUTUBE – Dr. John Whitcomb – The Genesis flood. This is a 52 minute theological
conference lecture by one of the fathers of the creationist movement in America. YOUTUBE – Flood Geology. This is a 14 minute YouTube with interesting visuals. YOUTUBE – Flood of Evidence – This is Genesis Week. This is a 29 minute lecture
dealing with the many evidences against evolution. AIG DVD – Global Tectonics and the Flood. This is a 38 minute DVD with Dr. John
Baumgardner about the catastrophic and young age of the ocean floor.* YOUTUBE - God of Wonders: Scientists Prove Almighty God’s Existence. This is an 84
minute beautiful scripturally-supported YouTube by Praise Yahshua. YOUTUBE –The Hydroplate Theory – Flood (Newer version!) This 10 minute You Tube
by Walt Brown provides a model of how Noah’s Flood may have occurred. YOUTUBE – Noah’s Flood – This is Genesis Week. This is a 29 minute lecture. YOUTUBE – Noah’s Flood Washing Away Millions of Years. Dr. Steve Austin lectures
71 minutes on the topic offering a biblical perspective.* AIG DVD - Noah’s Flood. Washing Away Millions of years. This 70 minute
presentation is offered by Terry Mortenson.* YOUTUBE – Startling Evidence That Noah’s Flood Really Happened. Dr. Michael Oard
offers a 59 minute conference lecture on the topic. YOUTUBE – The Grand Canyon: Evidence for the Flood. This is an 80 minute lecture
on the topic offered by Dr. Dave Flang. AIG YOUTUBE - The Worldwide Flood. Geologic Evidence. This is a 26 minute lecture
by Dr. Andrew Snelling. YOUTUBE – Uranium Halos are Proof Noah Flood Laid the Sedimentary Layers. This
59 minute YouTube discusses events and evidences of the Genesis flood.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Regularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation ResearchAnswers in Genesis staff. “Scientific Evidence for a Worldwide Flood - The Age of the Earth:
Part Four.” Answers in Genesis (Internet site).Answers in Genesis staff. “Startling Evidence of Noah’s Flood.” Answers in Genesis
(Internet site).Answers in Genesis staff. “Worldwide Flood Worldwide Evidence.” Answers in Genesis
(Internet site).Free Christian Teaching Staff, “Life on Planet Earth Before Noah’s Flood.
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Chapter 5
MT. ST. HELENSPsalm 104:31-32 The glory of the Lord shall endure for ever: the Lord shall rejoice in his works. He looketh on the earth,
and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke.
SCRIPTUREThe global flood was a catastrophic event that occurred over a relatively short period of time that reshaped the entire face of the earth. Mt. St. Helens is but a small illustration of what occurred during and following Noah’s global flood.
EVIDENCE
Mt. St. Helens is located in the Cascade Range in the southern part of Washington State. A major eruption of this volcano occurred on the morning of May 18, 1980, with the related dust rising 15 miles in the air and being deposited over 11 states. The power of this eruption was equal to a Hiroshima atom bomb per second for a period of 9 hours. There was a loss of 1300 feet of land at the summit. The velocity of the steam blast from the Mt. St. Helens volcano was 200 miles per hour and 500 degrees. The Cascade Range is comprised of nearly 20 major volcanoes with over 4000 separate volcanic vents. The evidence offered below demonstrates the power of just one small volcano. One can only imagine when the earth was torn asunder during Noah’s flood, the massive amount of change that occurred. The aftermath of the flood event was the advent of the Ice Age. This deadliest and most destructive volcanic event in United States history included 57 deaths, 250 homes and 185 miles of highway destroyed and 150 square miles of forest toppled in six minutes. Using the Potassium-Argon method of dating rocks at the Mt. St. Helens site has yielded dates of 340,000–2.8 million years. Of course, this is not a surprise since where the age of a rock sample is known, never has a rock been accurately dated.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES OF THE MT. ST. HELENS ERUPTION Due to the landslide at the site, a massive log mat made up of millions of trees that
were catastrophically cast into Spirit Lake. Gradually, these trees sank to the bottom of the lake with some eventually standing upright.
If Spirit Lake could be drained, it would look like forests of trees growing at different levels. This is similar to the formations of petrified trees found at Yellowstone National Park. Of course, secularists report that the Yellowstone trees took millions of years to form whereas the trees in Spirit Lake required only a few years.
Bark and branches from trees deposited in Spirit Lake accumulated rapidly and formed peat at the bottom of the lake, this being suggestive of the first stage in the formation of coal.
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A mudflow in March of 1982 eroded the canyon to a depth of 140 feet at a width of 1,000 feet in just 9 hours. This mud flow, caused by a breach dam, formed canyons about 1/40th the size of the Grand Canyon, carried away boulders the size of a car and deposited layers ultimately involving 400 feet of rock strata that secularists claim would have required millions of years.
The mini-canyons on the north side of the recent volcano eruption on Mount St. Helens are similar to those in the Grand Canyon suggesting that both of these formations could easy have easily formed in a relatively short period of time.
NONSENSEThe doctrine of gradualism/uniformitarianism has claimed that the earth came into its present form slowly and over billions of years. Their mantra in this regard is the “present is the key to the past.” The issue is that individuals who believe the philosophy of evolution must maintain the conjecture involving millions of years at all costs.
SUMMARYThe volcanic activity at Mt. St. Helens demonstrates that such activity produces massive changes over very short periods of time. These included incredible destruction of the land and vegetation around the volcano, peat bogs, massive landslides, rapid formation of rock strata, development of canyon systems and graduated formations of trees similar to those found in Yellowstone National Park. This totally contradicts the dogma evolutionist promote in terms of demanding millions of years for major changes to occur on the earth and is supportive of the occurrence of the Genesis flood.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVDs*)
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY MASTER BOOKS DVD - Explore Mount St. Helens. This 30 minute DVD by Noah Justice
discusses this volcanic eruption and helps us understand how rapid formation of stratification, coal formation, petrification of trees, etc.*
ORIGINS YOUTUBE – Mount St. Helens – Explosive Evidence for Creation. In this 26 minute YouTube Dr. Steve Austin discusses the implications of the topic for creationists.
YOUTUBE - Polystrate Fossils - Examining the Evidence for Evolution – Dr. Brad Harrub offers this 8 minute excellent YouTube and provides evidence refuting the validity of the geological column including information from Mt. St. Helens.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT YOUTUBE – A Thousand Years in a Day: The Mt. St. Helens Catastrophe. This is a 48
minute lecture offering much biblical evidence. YOUTUBE – Explosive Geological Evidence for Creation: Mt. St. Helens. This is a 85
minute lecture dealing with scientific evidence on the topic.
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YOUTUBE – How the Earth Was Made. Mt. St. Helens. This 44 minute YouTube offers excellent visual effects. No evolutionary content was observed by this reviewer – Review as appropriate for usage.
ICR DVD - Mt. St. Helens. This 56 minute DVD by Dr. Steve Austin discusses the explosive evidence for a catastrophic altering of the earth’s surface.
ORIGINS YOUTUBE - Mount St. Helens – Explosive Evidence for Creation. This is a 26 minute lecture with visuals narrated by Dr. Steve Austin.
YOUTUBE – Mt. St. Helens: Explosive Evidence for Young Earth Creation. This 36 minute YouTube on the Mt. St. Helens site with Dr. Steve Austin offers excellent visuals.
YOUTUBE – Mount St. Helens Volcano. This 44 minute You Tube offers good visuals on the eruptions and aftermath of this event.
BIBLIOGRAPHYRegularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation ResearchAustin, Steven. “Mt. St. Helens and Catastrophism.” Institute for Creation Research
(Internet site).
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Chapter 6PLATE TECTONICS
(CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY)Genesis 7:11 …at that time were all of the fountains of the great deep broken up…
SCRIPTURERELATED PERSPECTIVES
Waters gathered into one place - Genesis 1:9 And God said, ”Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.” This text suggests that the land was all gathered in one place. It is typically understood by scientists of a Christian worldview that the separation of the continents took place as a result of Noah’s flood.
The dispersion of peoples - Genesis 10:25 And unto Eber were born two sons: The name of one was Peleg, for in his days was the earth divided… A reasonable interpretation of the text is the land (Peleg) was divided among the people since this passage is within the context of the tower of Babel.
Plate tectonic in Noah’s Flood - Genesis 7:11 …all the fountains of the great deep broken up…. refers to geologic faulting. The amazing similarity of sedimentary flood layers in the northwestern United States to those of Britain and Israel suggest that continental separation occurred toward the end of the Genesis Flood.
EVIDENCE Putting the jigsaw together - Alfred Wegener published The Origin of Continents
and Oceans in 1915. Upon realizing the continents appeared to be a big jigsaw puzzle with the coastal lines of South America and Africa seeming fitting together almost perfectly, Wegener theorized that the earth was once a single land mass, this being called Pangaea. He described the earth as broken egg shells called plates moving on a hard-boiled egg. These plates, seven to eight in number (not continents), were said to have moved apart great distances. An in-depth study of the arguments related to this matter are highly technical.
Catastrophic Viewpoint - The global flood scenario suggests the plate tectonics represented one land mass prior to the global flood, but moved apart violently during the flood to locations very close to where they are today. The metaphor to explain this point of view is that of an automobile accident. In examining a car and seeing the wheels turning and the related smoke from the accident, one cannot possibly explain how fast the car was going.
Current Plate Movement - The tectonic plates of earth move about an inch a year.
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NONSENSE Uniformitarian viewpoint – Gradualists believe the tectonic plate displacement has
taken place over millions of years and that it took about 100 million years for the Atlantic Ocean to form. Their perspective is that the “present is the key to the past.”
SUMMARYThe catastrophic plate tectonics perspective fits well into the biblical framework and Noah’s flood. It also provides a compelling scientific explanation for the order and distribution of the fossils and strata on a global basis and the age of the earth. Keep in mind that the concept of plate tectonics is a highly complex topic whether viewed from a catastrophic or a gradual (uniformitarian) perspective. Therefore no attempt has been made to provide an in-depth explanation of the topic.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY AIG DVD – Global Tectonics and the Flood. This is a 38 minute DVD with Dr. John
Baumgardner about the catastrophic and young age of the ocean floor.*
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT YOUTUBE - Catastrophic Plate Tectonics: A Global Flood Model of Earth History. This
presentation is a 59 minute conference lecture by Dr. Steve Austin. CREATION MAGAZINE YOUTUBE - Continual Drift and the Bible. This is a 28 minute
discussion between two creationists. YOUTUBE – Creation Bytes!: Catastrophic Plate Tectonics. This is a 2 minute
explanation of the topic. AIG DVD – Global Tectonics and the Flood. This is a 38 minute DVD with Dr. John
Baumgardner about the catastrophic and young age of the ocean floor.* YOUTUBE – The Hydroplate Theory – The Flood. This is a 10 minute YouTube by Dr.
Walter Brown dealing with the topic.
BIBLIOGRAPHYRegularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation Research.Austin, Steve “Catastrophic Plate Tectonics: A Global Flood Model of Earth History. Institute
for Creation Research (Internet site).Nevins, Steven. “Continental Drift Plate Tectonics, and the Bible.” Institute for Creation
Research (Internet site).Snelling, Andrew. “Can Catastrophic Plate Tectonics Explain Flood Geology?” The New
Answers Book 1, p. 186-197.
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Chapter 7
THE ICE AGE(FROM NOAH TO ABRAHAM)
(The primary source of this chapteris an Answers magazine article.)
Exodus 6:7 And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall
know that I am the Lord your God…
SCRIPTURE Job 37:9-10 - From its chamber comes the whirlwind, and cold from the scattering
winds. By the breath of God ice is given, and the broad waters are frozen fast Job 38:29-30 – And the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it? Out of whose
womb came the ice? The waters are hid as with a stone and the face of the deep is frozen.
(Job, one of the oldest books in scripture, is a historical book of poetry based on of nature. Bishop Ussher, in his biblical chronology,
placed Job at appropriately 300 years before Abraham,placing this book within the time of the Ice Age.)
EVIDENCEGENERATIONS FROM NOAH TO ABRAHAM
Noah - God’s global flood. Arphaxad – Some would suggest that forests were growing in Antarctica at this time
whereas it would seem that Dr. Michael Oard’s hypothesis is of the floating log-mat model accounting for the current distribution of plant deposits in this area today.
Salah – Antarctica icebound. Eber – Mastodons roaming parts of the earth and settlement at Babel. Peleg – Division of the languages, first tools, human fossils, woolly mammoths and
the beginning of the Ice Age. Reu – Waters drain from the North Sea, Bering Strait and Persian Gulf. Stone tools
improved rapidly and the Neanderthals in Europe lived through both the generations of Rue and Serug.
Serug – Humans spread to Australia, mammoths enter North America and the Ice Age reaches its height.
Nahor – The first settlements and villages are founded in Mesopotamia.
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Terah – Humans enter the Americas, first cities came into existence and Abram (Abraham) is born in Chaldea.
THE ICE AGE IN PERSPECTIVE
The global flood was a catastrophe of massive proportions devastating God’s earth. It was characterized by torrential rain from above and waters from below, the fracturing of the earth’s mantle along with volcanism of massive proportions believed to occur in conjunction with colossal tectonic plate movement and the separation of the then single land mass into the current continents. It would seem like a conundrum at first that the Antarctic region would be inundated with massive amounts of vegetative matter when that is in opposition to its current polar climate. In addition to the 70% percent of the earth being covered by sedimentation, sometimes being a mile and a half deep, massive deposits of oil and coal also resulted from the burial of fish and vegetative matter. Given the events at Mt. St. Helen in 1980 following its eruption with massive tree mats forming in Spirit Lake, it is not difficult to understand that massive floating log-mats from the lower latitudes could end up in other parts of the world including the Antarctic regions. Following the flood, there were four generations from Noah to Babel. Keeping in mind man’s longevity at this time in God’s history, the Babel event would have occurred about a century after the flood. Following the flood the animals spread to the ends of the earth and their remains are typically found lower in the earth surface than those of humans.
The climatic conditions at that time would have been ever changing. Crustal movements during the Genesis flood would have released hot water in conjunction with lava flows, therefore adding to the temperature of the oceans from pole to pole. Volcanic ash would have been trapped in the stratosphere for several years following the Genesis flood, reflecting sunlight back from space and causing cooler summers over large land masses of the mid and high latitudes. The warm ocean would have heightened evaporation from the ocean’s surface dropping moisture on the cold continents and resulting in unremitting snowstorms. Active volcanoes during the Ice Age would have gradually declined as the earth stabilized. Ultimately, this was an excellent recipe for the development of glacial ice in a relatively brief period of time.
The beginning of the Ice Age (Pleistocene epoch) coincides with the building of the tower of Babel. The confusion of tongues was a supernatural event which God used to disperse His people throughout the world as illustrated in the following passages: 1) Genesis 11:6-7 And the Lord said, “Behold, the people is one…and they have all one language… Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language…” 2) Genesis 11:8-9 - So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
During this time in history, ice covered about 30% of the world including northern Europe, Canada, much of the northern United States and parts of New Zealand and lasted for approximately 700 years. Much evidence of the Ice Age has been left on the land in terms of the earth being scraped and reshaped by the movement of the glaciers moving across the land and forming lakes, transporting massive boulders and depositing rocks and soil. With
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slow warming conditions occurring over time, the earth’s weather patterns came to be much as they are today.The related climatic factors during the Ice Age resulted in the lowered oceans and the continents being connected by dry ground between England and Europe and Asia to North America across the Bering Straits. This permitted man and animals to cross between these continents and live on the plains between them. These events coincided with the dispersion of peoples at Babel and the formation of the races. As has been evidenced with animals and the inbreeding of specific genes highlighting specific characteristics within “kinds”, the inbreeding of specific genes resulted in the different races of man having diverse and identifiable physical characteristics.
As previously indicated, no settlements of peoples were found before the Ice Age, however two groups of modern man did emerge during this time, namely the Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man. The Neanderthals were woodland dwellers and were native to Europe and Near East. Their short squatty bodies were suited for the cold climates. Their implements included spears and heavy tools. Prior to the Ice Age, no tools or fossils were discovered and those that have been found from the Ice Age predate recorded secular history and Abram (Abraham). The differences in Neanderthals in different parts of the world are apparently due to the differing amounts of sun light which limits the absorption of Vitamin D creating related deficiencies which impacted on growth patterns. This is not surprising since living within the Ice Age involved light from the sun being differentially obstructed at various latitudes.
In 2004 it was discovered that Dr. Protsch, professor of anthropology at Middle Tennessee State University, had been “forging and manipulating scientific facts” concerning Neanderthals for over 30 years. This expert in C-14 dating evaluated two Neanderthal specimens offering ages of 21,300 and 27,400 years, respectively. A later dating yielded dates of 3,300 and 260 years, this obviously being well within the ranges of modern man and biblical history. The brain capacity of a Neanderthal was 13% larger than modern humans and had an average height was 5’9”. Early artist drawings in the press were typically distortions of the Neanderthal’s true image.
The counterparts of the Neanderthals were the Cro-Magnons. They looked like much like us and their campsites are found over vast areas of the plains. Their fossils were found in south-west France near Les Eyzies in 1868. There has been little dispute, even among evolutionists, that the Cro-Magnons were, for all practical purposes, very similar to modern man with the exception of some distinctive racial characteristics. From an evolutionary perspective, the Cro-Magnon Man is classified as living in the late Stone Age about 10,000 to 40,000 years ago. He was pictured as being subhuman, living in caves and pre-dating biblical history by the secularists. The truth is that he lived in huts, constructed kilns, baked pottery, used tools of bone, flint and ivory, made musical instruments and had rituals with his greatest achievement being in the arts. Genetic footprints have been used to establish that man first came out of Africa and from there ultimately migrated throughout the earth. The first fossil evidence was found in Ethiopia with migrations moving from that point apparently occurring during the Ice Age.
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The animals of the Ice Age were notably larger than those we see today. Examples of height at the shoulders included a seven foot elk, five foot bear, 12 foot camel and giant sloths, mammoths and saber toothed tigers. Scientists suggest that their greater size helped them retain body heat. Of course, the Ice Age animals had other genetic resources to help them survive in the harsh ice age conditions such as considerable fur to retain body heat. After the Ice Age, many of these animals were apparently unable to adapt to their new environment and therefore became extinct. Within the four generations following the dispersion at Babel, the Bible reports that Abraham herded domestic animals including sheep, camels and donkeys.
The Sumerians, one of the first of the ancient civilizations, lived between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in what is now modern-day southern Iraq and Kuwait during the Early Bronze Age. The earliest historical records in the region go back to about 2900 B.C. Within this developing society, one of the groups of peoples in the area was a nomadic Semitic group who lived in tents and shepherded sheep and goats. Abram (Abraham) of Ur of the Chaldea was a member of this group.
NONSENSETHE SECULAR VIEW OF THE ICE AGE
The biblical record is a myth and that has no place in world history or the actual record of the earth.
Cave men were our pre-human ancestors. Many ices ages occurred over the eons of our 4.6 billion year old earth.
SUMMARYAlthough there are still many questions about prehistoric times, they do fit well into the biblical time-line/perspective. The global flood was a catastrophic event affecting the earth in many ways. Volcanic activity during and following the flood led to the sun’s light being partially occluded resulting in massive snow falls on the continents and the formation of glaciers. Four generations after the flood, God used the Babel event at the onset of the Ice Age to disperse His people throughout the earth. Two notable groups of people during the Ice Age were the Neanderthals and the Cro-Magnons. The animals were larger in size and genetically specialized to adapt to their colder environment. The Ice age affected the northern and southern latitudes of the earth and had ended by the time of Abraham.
AUDIO VISUAL RESUOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY
44
AIG YOUTUBE – Explaining the Ice Age. This is a 24 minute audio YouTube based on an “Answers” article.
Master Book DVD - Yosemite & Zion National Parks. This 30 minute Noah Justice DVD deals with the formation of land forms, erosion and on relative the Ice Age.*
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT AIG YOUTUBE - Ice Age – Creation Museum. This 3 minute YouTube by Dr. Michael
Oard offers excellent visuals. YOUTUBE - The Ice Age – Part 1, Dr. Michael Oard. This is a 14 minute lecture. DVD - The Great Ice Age. Dr. Michael Oard offers the rationale for a single Ice Age as
flood aftermath explaining it from a biblical perspective via two DVDs, each of which is about 30 minutes. The first is an introduction to the topic and the second is evidence that the Genesis flood produced the Ice Age.
YOUTUBE - The Ice Age: Only the Bible Can Explain It. Dr. Michael Oard offers a 44 minute conference lecture on the topic.
DVD – The Great Ice Age. Dr. Michael Oard presents a three part DVD including an introduction, evidence for the Genesis flood producing the Ice Age and a focus on one Ice Age. This is an Awesome Science Media production.
YOUTUBE - The Mammoth and the Ice Age – Mike Oard. This is a 26 minute lecture on the topic.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Regularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation Research.Matthews, Michael; Ross, Marcus; Snelling, Andrew; & Vardiman, Larry. “Mysteries of our
Frozen Past.” Answers. Vol. 8 NO. 2, pp. 46-59. Oard, Michael. “The Ice Age and the Genesis flood.” Institute for Creation Research.Oard, Michael. “The paradox of warm-climate vegetation in Antarctica.” Creation Ministries
International (Internet site).Oard, Michael. “Where does the Ice Age fit?” Answers in Genesis (Internet site).Wieland, Carl. “Cro-Magnon – not a club-wielding brute.” Creation Ministries International
(Internet site).
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Chapter 8
DATING TECHNIQUES(A HOUSE OF CARDS)
Mark 10:6 But from the beginning of the creation God made them, male and female. (Matthew 19:4-5)
THE ENLIGHTENMENT(Secularists attack on scripture.)
Nicolaus Steno (1669) devised the three basic rules followed by geologists in examining field evidence. He also theorized that the fossil record was a chronology of creatures and eras that were later used in supporting Darwin’s theory of natural selection.Baruch Spinoza (1632-77), a Dutch philosopher, laid the groundwork for the 18th Century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism. In challenging scripture, human reason and nature were used to replace the supernatural events of scripture.James Hutton (1790’s) claimed the earth was transformed by imperceptibly slow changes.William Smith (1815) devised a map correlating fossils to rock strata.Charles Lyell (1830), a lawyer, activist and close friend of Charles Darwin and James Hutton were credited as the fathers of uniformitarianism which promoted the idea of millions of years. Their goal in promoting the concept of millions of years was to undermine scripture by substituting the supernatural with naturalism. Their efforts were a major blow to a belief in catastrophism and the belief in a global flood.John Philips (1841) published the first global geological time scale based on the types of fossils found in each era, namely the namely: Paleozoic – invertebrates, land plants and amphibians; Mesozoic – Reptiles; and Cenozoic – mammals.Charles Darwin (1809-1882), in his theory of natural selection, wrote the Origen of Species in 1859. His work attempted to prove that all species of life descended over time from common ancestors. His five-year study brought him to the Galapagos Islands where he made many of his observations on the unique specializations of animals including finches.Heni Becquerel (1896) discovered radioactivity which was integrated into the geologic column as “gospel” and presumably led to more accurate dating of historical earth events.Arthur Holmes (1913) pioneered radioactive dating of minerals, published the first absolute dates for the geologic column and pioneered the acceptance of plate tectonics.John Whitcomb and Henry Morris (1961) wrote The Genesis flood which became a best-seller among young earth Christians and launched the modern creationist movement around the world. Henry Morris founded the Creation Research Society in 1963, a society of scientists and laymen dedicated to the scientific special creation.Ken Ham (1951), a native Australian, founded Answers in Genesis and the Creation Museum (2007) near Cincinnati, Ohio. His focus is on the literal interpretation of scripture and young earth creationism.
SCRIPTUREBishop Ussher (1581-1656) was an Irish scholar who published a chronology that proposed the date of creation at 4004 BC. He used primarily the Bible along with the histories of the Persians, Greeks and the Romans to develop his chronology. Other sources in this work of scholarship were records of astronomy and ancient calendars along with historical events which coincided closely with scriptural references. Although some would take issue with the exactness of this chronology in that it is an extrapolation from scripture and therefore not canonical, his work clearly supports the young earth perspective. In contrast, evolutionists require the “millions of years” to uphold their worldview.
EVIDENCERAPIDLY FORMED GEOLOGICAL FEATURES
Source/Location Example ResultJenolan Caves, New S. Wales Active stalagmites 3 mm in 30 yearsSequoia Caverns Stalactite growth for 10 years one millimeterLincoln Memorial Column growth for 25 years 4 feetG. R. Clark Memorial Duration - 40 years 11 foot columnsWood to stone Duration - 10 years
DEFINITION OF RADIOMETRIC DATING Radiometric dating dates geological specimens by determining the relative proportions of specific radioactive isotopes present in a sample. The most common dating techniques include Uranium-lead, Chlorine-36, Fission trace, Samarium-neodymium, Potassium-argon, Rubidium-strontium, and Uranium-thorium. Radioactive substances decay over time. The hour glass analogy is a helpful tool in explaining how the isotopes deteriorate. Dating involves measuring and comparing the remaining radioactive substances in the parent and daughter samples.
RADIOMETRIC DATING ASSUMPTIONS The amounts of daughter and parent radioisotopes are known. No contamination of the parent and daughter isotope has occurred. A constant decay rate has occurred. (All such dating methods assume no isotopes
were gained or lost since the rock was formed. However, hydrothermal waters a few hundred degrees centigrade can facilitate chemicals easily moving from one rock system to another.)
RADIOMETIC DATING RESEARCH In 1982 Dr. Robert Gentry found amazingly high retentions of nuclear-decay-generated helium in microscopic zircons (ZrSiO4 crystals) recovered from a borehole in Precambrian
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granite at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. In 2001 the RATE group contracted with a high-precision laboratory to measure the rate of helium diffusion from the zircon crystals. Combining rates of dispersion and retention offers a helium diffusion age of 6000±2000 years. This contradicts the uniformitarian age of 1.5 billion years based on nuclear decay products in the same zircon crystals. This data strongly supports the hypothesis of episodes of highly accelerated nuclear decay occurring to within only thousands of years. Such isotopic accelerations shrink the radioisotope of “billions of years” down to a biblical timescale.
RADIOMETRIC DATING OF ROCK SAMPLES A sample rock from a fossil bearing is obtained. The geologic column will be checked to find the “index fossil” for the rock strata. The presumed “age” of the rock is then selected on the geologic chart. The rock is evaluated with a number of different radiometric procedures. The radiometric date closest to the deemed date found on the geological chart is
considered to be the true age of the rock. The rest of the results are believed to be contaminated and therefore discarded. Starting with a fossil rather than a rock, the process can be reversed to determine
the fossil’s age by checking the geological column to find where the fossil would occur and using the age of the rock to date of fossil. This process is a classic case of circular reasoning, i.e., moral behavior is behaving morally.
UNRELIABLE RESULTS OF RADIOMETRIC DATING
Source RadiometricResults
Actual Age
Mt. St. Helens 350,000 to 2.8 million years Erupted May 18, 1980Mt. Ngauruhoe,New Zealand
up to 3.5 million years. Less than 50 years old
Mt. Etna 25 million years. Erupted 2100 years agoMt. Hualalai 1.4-22 million years. Erupted 200 years ago
Grand Canyon Similar geological ages are offered on top and bottom of canyon
ACCELERATED NUCLEAR DECAY RATES Cavitation is caused by shock waves caused by rapidly moving water. Research has
found that cavitation has accelerated the nuclear decay of thorium (Th228) by a factor of 10,000 times during a 90-minute experiment. Whether cavitation was involved in the accelerated nuclear decay of earth’s past is unknown; however, it is obvious that the stability of radioactive decay is open to question along with the vast ages assigned to the earth age based on radioactive measurements of decay.
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In a natural nuclear reactor in Gabon Africa, decay rates give evidence of being greatly speeded up. Such common reactors were common during the Genesis flood and would generate great ages as measured by radiometric methods.
RATE GROUP STUDY (Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth)Seven scientists associated with the Institute for Creation Research completed an eight-year research project. Their objective was to gather data commonly ignored or censored by evolutionary standards of dating. The group found incredible evidence that supports the young earth perspective. The results of their research are as follows:
Conventional dating methods are highly inaccurate and inconsistent and offer considerable disagreement between different radiometric methods being used on the same rock sample. Rocks of a known age are assigned a variety of ages within an old earth perspective.
Nuclear decay rates appear to have been greatly accelerated during the earth’s history.
RADIOCARBON (C-14) DATINGThis method of dating was invented by Willard Libby in the late 1940’s and soon became a standard tool for archaeologists. Animals and plants take in radiocarbon (carbon 14), an isotope of carbon, while they are alive. With death, the C-14 decays over time until it is non-existent. C-14 dating has been found to be relatively accurate up to 50,000 years. Therefore, no C-14 should be found in organic materials such as coal and also wood and bones associated with rocks that are proposed to be millions of years old.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF DIAMONDSDiamonds, the hardest substance known to man, form deep in the earth and are highly resistant to contamination. They are typically radiocarbon dated in the 1 to 3 billion years range. Their carbon-dated age of less than 58,000 years indicates that this is the upper limit for the age of the earth. Since helium diffusion results have strongly affirmed a dramatic past acceleration of radioactive decay, this age can be further reduced.
RESULTS USING RADIOCARBON DATINGSource Radiometric
Test ResultsC-14 AgeIn Years
Jurassic period fossilized wood found in limestone 189 million 4500Deep earth coal (Metamorphosed plant remains) Millions ThousandsDeep earth diamonds contained C-14 6000Dinosaur bones contained C-14 6,000 to 60,000Fossilized wood 40-250 million 30,000-45,000Material and wood in rock layers near dinosaurs Millions 34,000Wood adjacent to basalt 45 million 45,000
Dating of shells of living snails 27,000Freshly killed seals 1,300Fossils, coal, oil, natural gas, and diamonds 32-350 million 5000*Organic materials such a limestone Ancient
materialsDetectable C-14
10 coal layers of Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic in origin
Detectable C-14
12 samples of diamonds Millions and billions
Detectable C-14
*Due to the stronger magnetic field in the past, the earth’s atmosphere had been protected from solar radiation and radiocarbon production. Therefore C-14 ages needed to be reduced to less than 5000 years for organic items and 6000 years for diamonds. Since C-14 does exist in these samples, this data clearly supports the premise of a young earth.
PROBLEMS WITH RADIOMETRIC DATING It is assumed that the ratio of 14C to 12C in the atmosphere has always been the same
as it is today. If truth radiometric dating is valid up to about 80,000 years. Dr. Willard Libby assumed this ratio to be constant based on a belief in evolution. The problem is that C14 was not at in equilibrium in the 1940’s and it would take up to 30,000 years to achieve this effect. Dr. Libby attributed this discrepancy to experimental error.
The earth’s magnetic field is about 10 percent weaker than it was in 1845. With less carbon-14 production, this dating method would result in offering older dates than is truly the case.
The Genesis Flood would also affect the amount of carbon 14 in our atmosphere. The abundance of fossil fuels indicate that prior to the flood there were vastly larger quantities of vegetation suggesting that the biosphere may have had 500 times more carbon in living organisms than is found today. This would result in atmospheric carbon being much less than is currently present. Therefore, the carbon 14 dates being offered through present testing methods are perhaps ten times greater than their true age. Using the more realistic pre-Flood carbon 14 to carbon 12 ratio reduces that age to about 5,000 years, for there should be no detectable carbon 14 left after about 100,000 years.
NONSENSESECULAR WORLDVIEWViewing anything with regard to life or the universe, the worldview is that evolution has already taken place. Given this fact, the objective of secular researchers is typically to find evidence to support their mistaken philosophy. In other words, objectivity is not a consideration in their research.
ASSUMPTIONS IN THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE
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A particular creature evolved from its ancestors, lived successfully for a period of time and became extinct as descendants evolved more effective ways of surviving, i.e., evolutionists claim dinosaurs evolved about 230 million years ago and died out 65 million years ago.
THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS FOR RADIOMETRIC DATING
In presuming that biologic evolution has occurred, the geologic column is used in conjunction with the theory of evolution. The relative order of simple to complex animal and plant life is assumed to be preserved sequentially in rock strata. In 1841 specific fossils were selected as “index fossils,” believed to be unique to single strata, this being untrue. Since gradualism requires long time spans assigned for each period/era, i.e., if it was believed that it took a millions years for a frog to morph into an alligator, a million years was assigned for that process. Radiometric dating techniques were then applied and the result that is most consistent with the theoretically constructed geologic column is selected as the true age of the sample. This represents a most classic case of circular reasoning. (The underlined words in this paragraph reflect assumptions underlying the philosophy/religion of evolution.
SUMMARY1. Radiometric dating techniques are based on a number of unverifiable assumptions.2. Dates derived from radiometric dating are off by massive amounts and call into
serious question the millions of years found in the secular theory of evolution.3. Since the different radioactive dating techniques typically contradict each other, both
their validity and reliability are in very serious question. 4. Nuclear decay rates used in radiometric testing have gone through a major
acceleration in the past.5. The regular presence of carbon 14 in samples tested offers verifiable evidence that
the earth cannot be millions of years old. 6. Factors such as the lessening of the earth’s magnetic field and the Genesis Flood
undermine the assumptions of carbon 14 dating techniques and are highly suggestive of a dating schema that is relatively consistent with a biblical time frame.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY YOUTUBE - Earth is 6,00 Years Old - In a 26 minute presentation by Dr. John
Pendelton lectures on the topic. AIG YOUTUBE - Evolution vs. Creation: #8 Dinosaurs and the Bible. The theme of this
5 minute YouTube with Ken Ham is that earth is not millions of years old. YOUTUBE - Does Radiometric Dating Prove the Earth is Old? This 4 minute YouTube
by Dr. Andrew Snelling is technical in nature, but meaningful in terms of the topic.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT
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ORGINS YOUTUBE – Radio-isotopes and the Age of the Earth. This is 108 minute lecture with Dr. Larry Vardiman of the RATE group offering proof for a young earth.
ICR DVD - Thousand not Billions. This 48 minute DVD lecture with Dr. Don DeYoung challenges the secular dating systems of the earth being millions of years old.*
YOUTUBE – Uranium Halos are Proof Noah Flood Laid the Sedimentary Layers. This 59 minute YouTube discusses events and evidences of the Genesis flood.
BIBLIOGRAPHYRegularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation Research.Creation Today Staff. “Does Carbon Dating Prove the Earth is Millions of Years Old?”
Creation today (Internet site).Chaffin. Eugene. “The Oklo Natural Reactors in Precambrian Rocks, Gabon, Africa.”
Creation.com (Internet site).Faulkner, Danny; Menton, David; Purdom, Geogia; and Snelling, Andrew. “10 Best Evidences
from Science the Confirm a Young Earth.” ANSWERS, VOL .7 NO 4 OCT.-DEC., p. 46-67.
Fisher, Ken. “The Sun Alters Radioactive Decay Rates.” Creation Revolution (Internet site). Humphreys, Russell. “Young Helium Diffusion Age of Zircons Supports Accelerated Nuclear Decay.” Institute for Creation Research (Internet site).
Morris, Henry. Geology and Mathematics. Institute for Creation Research (Internet site). Patterson, Roger. 2011. Evolution Exposed – Chapter 6: Geologic Column.
Answersingenesis (Internet site).Quad City Creation Science Association Staff. “The End of Long Age Radiometric Dating”
(Internet site).Riddle, Mike. “Doesn’t Carbon-14 Dating Disprove the Bible?” New Answers Book #1.
Answers in Genesis.Rowitt, Steven. “Carbon Dating.” Creation Studies Institute (Internet site).Sarfati, Johathan. “Diamonds: A Creationist’s Best Friend.” Institute for Creation Research
(Internet site).Thomas, Brian. “Radioactive Decay Rates Not Stable.” Institute for Creation Research
(Internet site).Wieland, Carl. “Radiometric Dating Breakthroughs.” Creation.com (Internet site).
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Chapter 9
GEOLOGICAL COLUMN(FABRICATATION OF MILLIONS OF YEARS)
Job 38:4-7 Declare, if thou hast understanding. Where wast thouwhen I laid the foundations of the earth? Or who hath stretched theline upon it? Who hath laid the measures thereof, of thou knowest?Or who laid the corner stone thereof; Whereupon are the foundation
thereof fastened? And all the sons of God shouted forjoy? When the morning stars sang together.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT – For additional background, refer to the chart on page 46 of chapter 8, Dating Techniques.
DIFFERING VIEWS OF EARTH’S HISTORY Catastrophism – Selected geological changes on the earth’s surface are a result of
processes operating at rates dramatically higher than those observed today, the prime example being the Genesis flood.
Uniformitarianism/Gradualism – Past geological processes act at essentially the same rate as observed today. Water and wind erosion are the major factors in forming the earth surface as it is today. Beliefs regarding materialism and naturalism are paraded as fact and the basis of evolution although they are actually founded on unverifiable assumptions.
THE GEOLOGICAL COLUMN
The theory of evolution is a dogma that uses geology to organize the past into units according to the supposed advancement of life on earth, namely animals and plants, which supposedly took place in each period typically defined by changes in the strata composition and in index fossils. The geological column is a system of classification that incorporates vast time considerations in conjunction with the earth’s strata. Lower strata are presumed to be millions of years older than those found above.The time spans within the geological column are divided into graduated periods of time and given the names including supereon, eon, era, period, epoch and age. This paradigm has been attributed to John Philips (1841). Each era is based on the types of fossils found in each era, namely: Paleozoic – invertebrates, land plants and amphibians; Mesozoic – Reptiles; and Cenozoic – mammals. The Paleozoic era was preceded by the Precambrian era which was characterized primarily by metamorphic rock such as granite and schist.The most common reference in the geological column is to the Jurassic period within the Mesozoic era. Dinosaurs are placed in the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era and are offered as gateway evidence for indoctrination into evolution. Therefore this period is
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commonly referred to as the bedrock of evolution in spite of the fact that significant evidence is present that dinosaurs lived with man. Radiometric dating is adhered to as the “gold standard” used by evolutionists although it lacks both reliability and validity and the age of the earth is claimed to be 4.5 billion years. In truth, 90% of dating techniques support a young earth view.
Millions of dead things are buried across the entire earth. The creation of fossils requires the rapid burial in the presence of water. Sea creatures are found on the tops of mountains. Rapidly deposited sediment layers are spread across vast areas of the earth. Folded rocks as found in the Grand Canyon had to be flexible when laid down which is
evidence that they were formed in the presence of water. Many rock strata are shown to have been laid down in rapid succession. No erosion is found between many rock strata. Human artifacts are found in rocks and coal alleged to be millions of years old. Many evidences of a catastrophe occurred at the eruption of Mt. St. Helens which
occurred in hours including rapid formation of rock strata, canyon systems, log mats, peat bogs and trees floating upright in the bottom of Spirit Lake which are the first step in the origin of polystrate fossils demonstrating that millions of years are not required for the formation of the earth's geological evidence.
POLYSTRATE FOSSILS Polystrate fossils are trees or other materials which penetrate multiple layers of
geologic strata and are positioned upright. They represent powerful evidence against evolution. Evolutionists claim polystrate fossils were trees within their normal environment and were rapidly covered over with mud-like materials by rivers. The major problem for evolutionists is that these fossils, if deposited by flood waters and found around the world, represent clear evidence of a global flood and destroy the primary construct of evolution, namely that the earth evolved over billions of years.
Powerful Evidence Supporting the Genesis Flood Model Marine fossils have been found in strata along with polystrate fossils. Gradualists believe that coal formed over very long periods of time, yet polystrate
fossils penetrating multiple strata of coal would suggest the trees could not have lived that long.
An abundance of leaves on trees representing polystrate fossils would suggest rapid burial.
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About one in fifty polystrate fossils have both roots and rootlets suggesting that these trees are not being found within their prior natural habitat.
The catastrophic uprooting via the volcanic eruption of millions of trees into Spirit Lake with these trees ultimately floating upright at various levels with a peat bog forming at the bottom of the lake is an example clearly demonstrating a natural origin of polystrate fossils. This supports the origin of these fossils via a worldwide flood event consistent with a young earth perspective. Data is therefore in opposition to a similar find at Yellowstone National Park which is interpreted via an evolutionary perspective.
Although evolutionists provide evidence to refute the significance of polystrate fossils, it is very limited and easily contested.
NONSENSE
PROBLEMS WITH THE GEOLOGICAL COLUMN The geological column graphic is found in tact in only .4% of the earth’s surface. Only 15-20% of the earth has three geological periods in correct consecutive order. The Grand Canyon’s deep land exposures have less than half of the geological
column’s strata. Sedimentary rock layers formerly dated as millions of years have been recently
formed catastrophically in merely days at Mt. St. Helens. Therefore, this is a reasonable rationale for radically shortening the time scale of the geological column.
Highly complex life of the Cambrian Explosion is found in the early ages of the geological column. In 1976 a fully developed fish, one having a backbone, (heterostracan vertebrate fish fossils) was discovered in upper Cambrian strata in Wyoming. Spores (pollen) from flowering plants, the most advanced forms of life in the plant kingdom, have also been found in Cambrian strata. Given these findings, evidence exists that all of the major categories of animal and plant life are found in the Cambrian Period. This is inconsistent with the theory of evolution which requires life to form slowly over long eons of time.
No proof of the amoeba-to-man evolution is found in the fossil record. Transitional fossils virtually do not exist.
Living fossils undermine the basic assumptions in the evolutionary scheme since these creatures were believed to have become extinct long ago. One example is the Coelacanth. This fish was not found in the rock record according evolutionists until after 65 million years ago. When discovered alive in in 1938, it violated their theoretical construct and was another conundrum to the secularists.
The fossil system is disordered with no evidence of erosion or over thrusting, thus offering a pattern of chaos rather than orderly ascent.
As more fossils are found, their ranges within the geological column increase reducing the credibility of the column and evolution and also offering further credibility to the Genesis Flood model.
Polystrate fossils such as trees can span gaps of the supposed millions of years. Fossilized human bones are found in supposedly ancient rocks when, in fact,
evolution would assert that man had not yet evolved.
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Artifacts such as an iron hammer were found encased in rocks alleg to be 10 million years old.
ASSUMPTIONS OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION A particular living organism, animal or plant: Evolved from its ancestors. Lived successfully for a period of time. Became extinct as its offspring evolved better ways of surviving. Given these assumptions, secular paleontologists select specific fossils labeled as
index fossils to be representative of specific rock layers.
PROBLEMS WITH INDEX FOSSILS - (Major Factor Fixing Ages of Rock Strata) Since evolution is considered a fact by secularists, different organisms are
designated to occur in different periods; however, the fact is that the same index fossils are found in many different layers.
The age of an index fossil is assumed by consulting the geological column and vice versa, this being a prime example of circular reasoning.
Slight differences in shells are designated as new species despite the fact that these variations are also found in living animals of the same species.
Rocks adjacent to a fossil are radio metrically dated. The date closest to the fossil’s expected date is used to establish the supposed absolute age of the rock, while other results are considered contaminated and therefore discarded.
There is serious disorder in the fossil record, therefore enlisting order by using index fossils is simply not rational.
CONCLUSIONS The interlocking dating scheme using the geological column in conjunction with
strata and index fossils has no realistic basis. The geological column interprets the present on the basis of the past, this being
untestable. Sufficient anomalies with the results of the radiometric dating process demonstrate
that the timescale is wrong and that the order depicted in the column is at best, a local phenomenon.
The geological column is essentially an imaginary construct based on the unsubstantiated theory of evolution.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
MIDDLE ELEMENTARYYOUTUBE – Are Fossils Ever Found in the Wrong Place? This is a 9 minute discussion between two friends from Creation Ministries dealing with the excuses that evolutionists use to explain why fossils are out of place.
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YOUTUBE – Artifacts that Challenge Evolution Throughout the Geological Column. A 5 minute YouTube offering meaningful artifacts by Carl Baugh, the director of the Creation Evidence Museum in Texas.
YOUTUBE – Creation Bytes! Where is the Logic in the Geological Column? This 3 minute lecture which does a good job of explaining the topic.
DVD - Explore John Day Fossil Beds. This 30 minute Awesome Science Media DVD with Noah Justice set in the Pacific Northwest that deals with of geological formations.*
AIG YOUTUBE - Evolution vs. Creation: #8 Dinosaurs and the Bible. The theme of this 5 minute YouTube with Ken Ham is that earth is not millions of years old.
AIG DVD – Explore Yosemite and Zion National Parks. This is a 30 minute DVD featuring Noah Justice with a focus on evidence of erosion from the Genesis flood and the occurrence of one major Ice Age by Awesome Science Media Production.
YOUTUBE - Geological Column Busted. This is a 29 minutes Genesis Week YouTube. YOUTUBE - Polystrate Fossils - Examining the Evidence for Evolution – Dr. Brad
Harrub offers this excellent 8 minute YOUTUBE and provides evidence refuting the validity of the geological column including data from the Mt. St. Helens eruption.
YOUTUBE – The Geological Column Awesome Science. In an excerpt from the Yellowstone DVD, Noah Justice offers a 5 minute discussion of the topic.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT ICR YOUTUBE - Geological Column – Flood or Evolutionary Fantasy. The historical
figures of Dr. John Morris and Dr. Andrew Snelling discuss the topic. YOUTUBE – The Record of the Rocks. This 62 minute lecture by Dr. Don Patton offers
helpful information.
BIBLIOGRAPHYRegularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation ResearchAnswers in Genesis Staff. “Worldwide Flood World Wide Evidence.” Answers in Genesis
(Internet site). Howard, Gordon. “Index fossils – really?” Creation Ministries International (Internet site).The Age of the Earth: Part Four. “Scientific Evidence for a Worldwide Flood.” Mortenson, Terry. “The Historical Development of the Old-Earth Geologicalal Time-Scale.”
Answers in Genesis (Internet site). Internet site - Examiner.com. Cambrian Explosion: Evolution exposed Internet site - www.earthage.org “Polystrate fossils.”Woodmorappe, John. The Fossil Record. Creation Ministries International (Internet site). (XFACTS.RESEARCH. (Modern Science Ancient Knowledge). The 10 Most Puzzling Ancient Artifacts. (Internet site).
Col. 1:16-17 – For by Him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible…
INTRODUCTIONThe Grand Canyon of Arizona, a wonder of God’s creation, is 277 miles, 4 to 18 miles wide and a mile deep. This canyon offers an incredible opportunity to study the interior of God’s earth from close up. Granite and schist make up the basement our earth, these being the creation rocks. The Grand Canyon was catastrophically carved out by the incredible power of rushing waters, not by millions of years of erosion. The sedimentary rocks of the canyon were deposited as an aftermath of the Genesis flood with the millions of fossils being a monument to that event.
THE CANYON IN PERSPECTIVE The catastrophic erosion of the canyon, likely a result of drainage from lakes north of
the canyon occurred during the post-flood period as a result of a breached dam. Sedimentary strata deep in the canyon show apparent evidence of tectonics
associated with the formation of an ocean basin midway through the creation week. Sedimentary strata (Paleozoic Strata in northern Arizona) are believed to be deposits
dating from the early part of Noah's Flood. Remnants on the rim of the canyon (Mesozoic Strata) represent widespread surface erosion.
In the last half of the Genesis flood factors at play in the formation of the canyon included tectonics, sedimentation, erosion and the lifting of the Colorado Plateau to more than a mile above sea level.
SCRIPTUREGenesis 7:19-20 And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered. Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered.
EVIDENCETHE POWER OF CAVITATIONDue to flooding conditions, it was necessary to release massive amounts of water from the Powell Dam on the Colorado River. On June 15, 1983, after four days water release, the water turned the color of the underlying soil and huge chunks of rock and concrete were thrown out of the spillway. Upon examination, it was found that the water had eaten
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through three feet of reinforced concrete casing opening a massive chasm in the underlying rock.
Cavitation is capable of causing catastrophic erosion in short periods of time. As water travels at a high speed over a rough surface, vacuum bubbles form and implode with such tremendous force that they fracture the adjacent rock and greatly accelerate erosion.
Many geologists have given up on the proposition that a stream caused the Grand Canyon and suspect it was the result of a breached dam. In the case of Mt. St. Helens, water that was held back for two years led to a breached dam and a related mud slide causing a canyon that was 1/40th the size of the Grand Canyon. Layering of the soil also occurred similar to other rock layering found around the world. Clearly, millions of years were not required to produce the Grand Canyon.
THE GRAND CANYON, A NATURAL CATASTROPHE The catastrophic evidence from six exposed layers of the canyon and Colorado
Plateau cover at least the North American continent. The Navajo Sandstone layering shows evidence that minerals there were eroded from
the Appalachian Mountains. Large boulders moved by storm and water factors are found in the Tapeats
Sandstone layering and also over immense areas of North America. The Redwall Limestone layering extends from the Southwest to Pennsylvania and
Tennessee. The lack of a delta at the mouth of the canyon suggests a catastrophic water event. From a scientific perspective, the Little Colorado River could not possibly have carved
the Grand Canyon. Folded rocks, without breakage, shows that the strata were laid down when wet. Many fossils point in one direction indicating that they were buried in the presence of
fast moving water. Fossilized foot prints of creatures walking in sand are not possible on an erosional
field, only in a catastrophic water event as is the case with the Grand Canyon. The mini-canyons on the north side of the canyon are similar to those of the recent
volcano eruption on Mount St. Helens in 1980. This suggests that both formations could have formed in a matter of days.
NONSENSEIMPOSSIBLE CONSIDERATIONS
The Grand Canyon was formed by a relatively small flow of slow running water over long periods of time.
Radiometric dating techniques have dated lower rocks in the Grand Canyon to 700-800 million years whereas upper rocks are given an age of 2 billion years.
The brim of Grand Canyon is over four thousand feet higher than where the Colorado River enters the canyon. This means that if the canyon was formed by erosion, the Colorado River would have had to flow uphill for millions of years. Obviously, if an erosional origin was involved in forming the canyon, the river should have flowed in a different direction.
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SUMMARY
Rather than the grandeur and awesomeness of the Grand Canyon being easily explained by evolutionists, the Grand Canyon clearly fits well into the biblical framework of a young earth.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY DVD – Explore the Grand Canyon. This is a 30 minute Awesome Science Media
Production featuring Noah Justice on the catastrophic formation of the canyon.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT YOUTUBE – How Long Did it Take Form the Grand Canyon – Creation Today. This is a
28 minute presentation offered in an interesting way. YOUTUBE – The Grand Canyon: Evidence for the Flood. This is an 80 minute lecture
on the topic offered by Dave Flang. YOUTUBE – What does the Grand Canyon Indicate? Dr. Russ Miller of Creation
Ministries offered this 28 minute YouTube.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Regularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation ResearchAustin, Steve. “Grand Canyon.” Answers. Vol. 8 No.1, (Jan.-Mar. 2013), pp. 68-71. Morris, John. “Cavitation.” Institute for Creation Research. (Internet site).
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Chapter 11
DARWIN IN PERSPECTIVEII Thessalonians 2:11 – “And for this cause God shall send
them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie.”
SCRIPTUREGENESIS 1:24 – THE FIXITY OF SPECIES
And God said, “Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind…” God made permanent the designation of “kind” so that it would not to be violated.
EVIDENCENATURAL SELECTION
Natural selection only occurs within members of the same species, i.e., breeding with the “kinds” of dogs can produce a new breed of dogs, but the new dogs are still dogs.
The finches that Darwin discovered on the Galapagos Islands are typically cited as a case of evolution, but these finches are still finches. Such examples are referred to as cases of specialization or microevolution, however, there is no change in “kind.” Therefore no true evolution has taken place.
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), via selective breeding with garden peas, pioneered the study of genetics which used selective breeding to affect changes within a “kind.”
NO NATURAL SELECTION BETWEEN SPECIES The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics states that everything in the universe moves from
order to disorder (entropy). Enlisting natural selection to implement evolution is against this basic law of science. Increasing disorganization cannot increase complexity, the opposite is the case. The disorder of mutations, do not create order within a species.
Charles Darwin, in his obsession for detail, stated that if no example of a transitional species could be found in the fossil record, his theory would not be supported, this actually being the case.
The interbreeding of species is a very complex matter and typically the chromosomes do not typically match up. Resultant offspring are sterile, i.e., a liger, namely a lion and tiger and also a horse and a donkey.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
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Philosophers throughout the ages have proposed multiple theories concerning the evolution of man to exclude God, the Creator of all things. Materialists believed that all life and consciousness originated from physical matter. Naturalism focuses on the universe, namely that all living things having originated solely by the forces of nature. Therefore, life was claimed to spontaneously develop from absolutely nothing. In the past has belief has received traction in the absence of any other reasonable explanations for life on earth. This total lack of logic is that universe and life emerging from nothing is in total opposition to the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. To obscure this basic truism, secularists devised a plan of counterattack. During the enlightenment in the early 1700’s, Baruch Spinoza’s goal was to discredit the Catholic Church and, of course, scripture in the process. His tactic was to focus on nature being the only driving force in the universe. He successfully accomplished this by denying the supernatural, this being a frontal attack on scripture, the existence of the world, man’s conscience and ultimately morality. Of course, that would make perfect sense since these were Luther’s proof that there is a God. Charles Darwin’s grandfather was Erasmus Darwin, a physician, free thinker and a student of the Enlightenment. His family history was largely Unitarian, a philosophy originated in England in the 1700’s claiming god is one person and that Jesus is not God. It also rejects Christian doctrines such as the Trinity, original sin, predestination, and the inerrancy of scripture.Charles Darwin was born in 1809. His mother died when he was eight years old and he was raised by his sister. Growing up amid wealth, Charles had a taste for natural history. From a psychological perspective, Charles was a reclusive, homebound individual who was subject to fear and anxiety and could be diagnostically described as an agoraphobic. His obsessive compulsive characteristics fit well into his fixation for details and life pattern of research. Although Charles attended medical school, he was not interested in his studies. His true interests included taxidermy, natural history, materialism and marine biology. Being transferred to a divinity program, Charles chose to embrace a general program of studies. He found his passion in botany, geology, studying Paley’s Natural Theology, the argument for design in nature and God’s hand therein.
In 1831 Darwin joined a five-year voyage as an onboard naturalist with Captain FitzRoy on the HMS Beagle who was surveying and charting coastal water in South America. Charles spent most of his time on land focusing on geology and collecting zoological specimens along with copious note taking. Having received a copy of Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology, Lyell’s uniformitarian concept of immense time periods in the world’s history influenced Darwin’s perspectives on geology.
Charles Darwin and the Galapagos Islands will be linked throughout time. His visit there had a resounding impact on Charles’ theory of natural selection. During that time, Darwin noted animals and birds on the islands which differed slightly from those on the mainland. Of particular note were the finches which were named in his honor. The minute changes within these finches, for Charles, were an example of evolution taking place. However, the truth is that these changes are an example of microevolution or changes within a species and not macroevolution or the evolving of a new species.
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In 1859 Darwin published his theory of evolution in a joint publication of the On the Origin of Species along with Alfred Wallace. His primary premise was proposing the idea of natural selection as the mechanism for the evolution of man from the single-celled animal. By the 1870’s Darwin’s theory of natural selection was accepted as fact in scientific community and in the middle 1900’s, it was the acknowledged mechanism of evolution.
NONSENSENATURAL SELECTION
There is a relentless competition for survival going on in nature. Certain individuals within a species have characteristics which improve their
chances of survival. These individuals have a better chance of surviving and passing their genetic
strengths on to future generations. These small changes are only observable after many generations and lead to the
creation of a more advanced species. This evolution of species occurs gradually over vast periods of time and is not
observable at the time it is occurring.Charles Darwin’s very close friend was Charles Lyell, a lawyer and activist. Lyell’s goal was to attack scripture by replacing the supernatural with naturalism. He, along with James Hutton, developed the philosophy of uniformitarianism (gradualism) and introduced millions of years into the theory of evolution. This offered a theoretical construction that opposed the catastrophism implicit in the Genesis flood of scripture. This tactic was most successful with secularists who finally found a theoretical inroad to degrading the deity of the God of scripture. Another friend of Darwin was Thomas Huxley, commonly referred to as Darwin’s bulldog. He followed up with Darwin‘s theory by challenging the fixity of species. Huxley developed an exhibit of horses which offered supposed proof of evolution in a pictorial format. Although this horse illustration is still found in textbooks today, evolutionists now have accepted the fact that Huxley’s horse evolution is just more discarded proof in the evolutionary record. The support of Huxley’s horse evolution is a tribute to the power of the pictorial format and was used also by future charlatans, i.e., Ernst Haeckel and his drawings of embryos (recapitulation theory), the Nebraska Man, etc. Like other frauds in evolution, their success is related to the fact that the deception is successful for extended periods of time until another theory, misstep or fraud emerges within this story of deception.
IMPOSSIBLE OBSTACLES Origin of Universe. Evolution states that nature is the driving force of the
universe. The current theory of origin is the big bang which suggests that the universe started as an incredibly compressed bit of matter that violently exploded and later reformed into all of the celestial bodies. However, the existence of matter is not a natural happening, but rather a supernatural event. This violates the 1st Law of Thermodynamics which dictates that matter converts to energy and vice versa. According to this law, matter does not spontaneously come into existence. The alleged explosion referred to as the big bang is said to ultimately result in producing order throughout the universe. This is in direct opposition to the 2nd Law of
Thermodynamics which states that everything in the universe transitions from order to disorder (entropy).
Making Life from Non-life. Louis Pasteur (1822-95), in the law of abiogenesis, stated that you cannot make life from non-life. Experiments by Miller (1953) offered dismal results in this regard. Many brilliant evolutionists have given up on this theory stating that aliens seeded life on earth. So the question becomes, did aliens also spontaneously come into existence? Making it up as you go along is not science, it is just more philosophy. (See page 7, Life from Non-Life for further information on this topic.)
Millions of Years. Gradualism or uniformitarianism translates into the dogma of imperceptible change and the belief that given enough time, anything can happen. Formations in caves, petrified materials, coal and oil can form in very short periods of time given the right conditions. Old earth advocates rely on assumptions such as the unreliable radiometric testing, the imaginary geological column and index fossils to supposedly prove that the earth is millions of years old. The hundreds of proofs supporting a young earth are ignored.
Intelligent Design. William Paley (1743-1805) offered a watch as an example of intelligent design, noting that a complex product does not occur by chance but is obviously the result of a master designer or creator.
Irreducible complexity - Minimal function. Microbiologist Michael Behe, using the example of a mouse trap, stated that cells cannot develop on a piecemeal basis and proposed the following concepts: Irreducible complexity - all parts must be present for something to work. Minimal function - nothing works until everything works.
Genetic Entropy (2nd Law of Thermodynamics). Disorganization and decreased complexity are inherent impediments in biological systems. Natural selection cannot generate order. Additionally, mutations are disorganizing systems and do not increase the genetic material.
HISTORICAL THEORIES OF EVOLUTION Spontaneous Generation – Realizing that there is no rationale for the origin of life
on this planet, it only makes sense that life began of itself, having no original cause. Lamarckism –An organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its
lifetime to its offspring. Neo-Lamarckism – Characteristics acquired during its lifetime are passed to the
next generation by the process of natural selection. Natural Selection – Charles Darwin’s view on evolution is that organisms adapt
within their environment with the most fit surviving and the less fit dying out, this being referred to as the survival of the fittest. The genes of the most fit organisms and those that result from mutations representing positive changes are then passed on to succeeding generations.
Orthogenesis - Life has an innate tendency to evolve from the primitive to advanced state due to a “driving force” within nature.
Salvationism - A new species can occur as a result of large mutations. Punctuated equilibrium – Rare and rapid branching of one species into two species
occurs in nature.
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Parthenogenesis – Use and disuse are passed onto offspring over vast ages to produce large changes over vast passages of time.
SUMMARYThe fact is that evolution has not occurred in the past, is not occurring now and will not occur in the future.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCESMIDDLE ELEMENTARY
YOUTUBE - Collapse of Darwinism Refuted Theory of Evolution. This is a 59 minute presentation with good visuals dealing articulately with the topic.
YOUTUBE – Evolution is History’s Greatest Hoax – Darwin’s Theory is Wrong. This 47 minute lecture is very articulate.
YOUTUBE – Refuting Darwin’s Evolution at San Diego’s Natural History Museum. This 10 minute presentation by Thad Rothrock hits all the high points attacking the folly of evolution.
YOUTUBE - Refuting Darwinism in 7 Seconds Flat. This 8 minute YouTube lecture deals with biblical “kind” by differentiating between micro- and macroevolution.
YOUTUBE - Refuting Darwinism through the Birds. This 58 minute lecture by Dr. Thomas Kindell articulately covers the topic.
YOUTUBE - Documentary – Wonders of the Galapagos HD Nature. This YouTube appears to showplace the animals of the island without a reference to evolution.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT YOUTUBE – Fossil Record: A Problem for Evolution. A 64 minute lecture at a
conference by John Morris, the father of creationism in America. YOUTUBE – Inherently Wind. This is a 17 minute analysis of Inherit the Wind which is
a synopsis of the Scope Trial of 1925. AIG YOUTUBE – Evolution of Darwin His Impact. Ken Ham lectures 8 minutes. AIG YOUTUBE – Evolution of Darwin His Life – Dr. Tommy Mitchell discussed the
historical events in the life of Charles Darwin. YOUTUBE – Forbidden Science – Shattering the Myths of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.
This 32 minute lecture has good content. AIG DVD - Was Darwin Right? Real science confirms God’s Word is true in two 67
minute DVDs by Dr. Terry Mortenson.*
BIBLIOGRAPHYRegularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation Research.
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Chapter 12
PROPORTED MONKEY TO MAN EVOLUTIONPILTDOWN MAN & LUCY
(Cases of Fraud and misidentification)
Genesis 1:24 And God said, “Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing,
and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.
SCRIPTURE
Genesis 1:27 & 31 - So God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them. And God saw everything that He had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. (God created man and the land animals on the sixth day of creation in a state of perfection, namely without flaw or sin.)
EVIDENCE(Refer to the evidence sections in chapter 1 and 11.)
Jeffrey Tomkins of the Institute for Creation Research found that only 70% of chimpanzee and human DNA was similar. Previous studies by evolutionists had discarded selected DNA calling it junk and had claimed that the DNA similarities between man and chimpanzees were at 99 percent. God does not make junk!
NONSENSE
PILTDOWN MANIn 1909, Charles Dawson, a British lawyer and amateur archeologist, started finding pieces of bones and teeth in a gravel pit near Piltdown, England. In 1913, having parts of a skull, jaw and teeth, his finds were declared to be the missing link in the evolutional sequence between monkey to man. Valid protests from experts were disregarded and remained unpublished. Plaster casts were made and the artifact was placed under lock and key in the British Museum.
The exhibit was on display in England and traveled around the world with great notoriety until 1953. At that time a fluorine test was developed that could determine the relative age of bones. Three scientists were permitted to examine the artifacts and the exhibit was found to be a fraud. Charles Dawson had a friend, Sir Conrad Doyle, who was a mystery
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writer, physician, spiritualist and a political activist. One might recall that one of the themes of Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes mysteries was that the intellectually, meticulous Holmes was fraught with constantly enlightening the rather limited Dr. Watson. My suspicion is that in 1930 when Doyle died he was laughing all the way to his grave regarding the deception.
The pathetic thing about this ruse is that it offered apparent positive proof to generations around the world regarding the validity of the theory of evolution. The House of Commons was outraged by this revelation because they recently had spent a considerable amount of tax payer money for a monument at the gravel pit in Piltdown. As pathetic as Dawson’s hoax was, it was far surpassed by a supposedly creditable British Museum maintaining a cobbled together deception within its protection preview for two generations.
RELATED FACTS The pit where the bones and related fragments were found was only a few miles from
Charles Darwin’s mansion. The natural environment of the English country side is wet and not conducive to
sustaining bones over long periods of time. The bones appeared well-preserved in spite of their supposed age of 300,000 years. The jaw of the specimen was that of an orangutan of quite recent origin. The bones and teeth from the Piltdown pit were filed, stained and chemically treated
to appear old. An elephant’s tooth at the site was chemically similar to those recovered in Tunisia.
LUCY Australopithecus afarenis (southern ape)In 1974, Dr. Johanson allegedly found a supposedly 3.2 million year old “missing link” in evolution from monkey to man in Ethiopia. The fragmented remains, being the most complete example southern ape in existence, comprised about 40% of the total skeleton.
PROBLEMATIC SKELETAL FEATURES The placement of skull can create either an ape-like or human-like being. The skull was completely shattered. All of the upper face was missing. Absent feet made it impossible to know if the feet were human or ape-like. The pelvis was likely not designed for human gait. Scientists acknowledge that the hands were ape-like.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES Evolutionists rely on the worldview that evolution is a fact in evaluating data, this
being an unprovable assumption and definitely not science. The worldview of artists greatly influence their drawings and they offer vastly
differing renditions of their subjects. “Lucy” walking upright was based on fossilized foot prints 932 miles away in Lactoli,
Tanzania, which were indistinguishable from those of modern man.
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The human and related dinosaur footprints from the Laetoli site were in the “wrong” strata and in the wrong time sequence based on evolutionary assumptions and imply that modern man lived with animals from the beginning of time.
The knee bone of Lucy was found 1 ½ miles away from the original site and in strata 200 feet lower.
Studies have concluded that the Australopithecine walking pattern is neither like apes or modern man, but more like the orangutan.
The computer analysis of australopithecine fossils has concluded that they are an extinct ape.
CONCLUSION
The monkey to man theory is fraught with case after case of mistaken identity and outright fraud. The Piltdown Man and Lucy are simply the most recent examples of this ongoing pattern. In each case, the press offers considerable fanfare at the outset of a new example of monkey to man evolution in spite of scant evidence. Adding to this problem, evidence has also surfaced that evolution could not occur since monkeys and man are not as genetically similar as evolutionists claim. This attempt at proving that evolution has occurred is just another case of the secularist worldview/philosophy trumping science. Creationists have provided considerable proof that Lucy is just another example of one of the 6,000 apes or monkeys that are either currently living or extinct.
AUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES(Dr. Pagels’ DVD*)
EARLY ELEMENTARY YOUTUBE – Fearfully and Wonderfully Made by Matt Redman. Excellent visual effects
accompany this 5 minute YouTube with Matt Redman singing in the background.
MIDDLE ELEMENTARY OUTUBE – All Caveman Finds Have Been proven to be Wrong or Hoaxes. This
YouTube is 8 minutes. YOUTUBE – Artifacts That Challenge Evolution: A Man-Made Hammer. This is a 5
minute YouTube by Dr. Carl Baugh, the director of the Creation Evidence Museum. YOUTUBE – Failed Evolutionary Theory Neanderthal Man. This is a 3 minute YouTube
by Dr. Carl Baugh of the Creation Evidence Museum offering startling facts. YOUTUBE - God and the Universe. This speaker uses excellent visuals in discussing
the universe. YOUTUBE - God of Wonders: Scientists Prove Almighty God’s Existence. This is an 84
minute YouTube that is conceptually and visually excellent. YOUTUBE – Scientists Prove Human Evolution Being a Hoax. This is an 8 minute
YouTube.
UPPER ELEMENTARY TO ADULT
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YOUTUBE – Forbidden Science – Shattering the Myths of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. This 32 minute lecture has good content.
AIG DVD – Lucy – She’s No Lady! This is a 59 minute DVD by Dr. David Menton which unmasks evolution’s most recent poster child linking monkey to man.*
AIG YOUTUBE - Fearfully and Wonderfully Made. This 63 YouTube is a lecture by Dr. David Menton, a Lutheran.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Regularly used internet materials: Answers in Genesis; Institute for Creation Research.Oxnard, Charles. “Fossils, Teeth and Sex. New Perspectives on Human Evolution.”
University of Washington Press, 1987).Oxnard, Charles. University of Chicago Magazine. (Winter, 1974, pp.11-12). Thomas, Brian. “Laetoli Footprints Out of Step with Evolution.” Institute for Creation
Not ScienceBeliefs based on the Bible. Beliefs based on man’s reasoning.
God is the driving force of the universe.
God is a myth. Nature is the driving force of the universe.
Supernatural events are real. Only what occurs in nature is real.God created the entire universe
out of nothing (Genesis 1:1).Big Bang Theory –The universe began as tightly-packed matter
released by a massive explosion.The universe was created
in six 24-hour days.The universe evolved gradually,
over billions of years.The age of the universe is inthe 6,000 to 10,000 range.
Age of universe - 14.5 billionAge of earth - 4.6 billion
Earth has been changed by sudden, violent, and short-lived
events, i.e., the results of sin and a global flood.
(Catastrophism)
Earth has only changed over time by the same natural processes
that we still observe today. (Gradualism or Uniformitarianism)
All living things were created by the God of scripture.
All living things evolved gradually from more primitive forms.
The marvelous design of all of God’s universe is a testament
to His omnipotence.
There is no intelligent design, for if given enough time and natural processes, anything can happen.
The incredible balance in the laws of nature is a testament
to our great God.
Only by pure chance do we live on a planet capable
of sustaining life.Morality is based on God’s laws, namely the ten commandments.
Morality is based onthe wishes of man.
Questions are answered by focusing on the Word of God.
Questions are answered by returning to man’s philosophy.
The promises of God offer our life true meaning.
Life is a meaningless exercise since there is no god.
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SCIENCE VERSES NON-SCIENCE
SCIENCE NON-SCIENCE(EVOLUTION)
OBSERVING THE PRESENT IS AN EXAMPLE OF
TRUE SCIENCE
ATTEMPTING TO OBSERVE THE PAST USING CURRENT DATA
(HISTORICAL SCIENCE)
BASED ON REPEATABLE EXPERIMENTS, OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
BASED ON ASSUMPTIONS/ BIASES OFTEN ENDING IN
CIRCULAR REASONING
LEADING TO ESTABLISHING FACTS AND THEORIES
PROPOSING THEORIES THAT SUPPORT ONE’S WORLDVIEW
SCIENCE BASED ONFACTS, NOT BELIEFS
EVOLUTION PARADED AS FACTUAL SCIENCE
AN EXAMPLE OF SCIENCE APPROPRIATELY CO-EXISTING
WITH SCRIPTURE
AN EXAMPLE OF THE BELIEFS OF ATHIESTS, IGNOSTICS AND
MATERIALISTS
SCIENCE – EVIDENCE OF GOD’S LOVE FOR MAN, THE CROWN
OF HIS CREATION
EVOLUTION - MIND CONTROL BASED ON REPEATING A LIE
UNTIL IT IS BELIEVED
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BELIEFS ON CREATION
The young earth perspective is that our omnipotent God of scripture created the universe in six 24-hour days. Other views regularly focus on intertwined nature and human reason resulting in the earth supposedly being “millions of years old.” The fallback position of secularists is to not interpret the term “day” from Genesis 1 as 24 hours day. Although such beliefs are not supported by scripture, it does not mean that a person having “old earth beliefs” cannot be a Christian.
YOUNG EARTH VIEW OF CREATION
MANS BELIEFS ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
THE DAYS OF CREATION HUMANISTIC PHILOSOPHIES1) Day-light and night - darkness. (Matter and energy)
Gap Creationism - The six-day of creation were 24-hour days except for a gap of millions of years between the first and second day.
2) An expanse to separate the waters from sky.
Progressive Creation – Supposedly using a literal interpretation of scripture, there is a belief in the Big Bang and life gradually evolving over millions of years.
3) Land , sea and vegetation. Day-Age Theory – The six days of creation are each comprised of millions of years.
4) Sun, moon and stars. Theistic Evolution - Evolution is real and occurs under God’s direction.
5) Living creatures of the seas and birds.
Cosmic Temple View – A belief that focuses on meaning of Genesis, not the mechanics.
6) Land creations and man. Pantheism – Nature is identical with god.7) God’s day of rest was made holy.
Deism – By observing nature we know there is a creator. The supernatural and organized religion are denied.
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MILESTONES IN EVOLUTIONARY NONSENSE
Origin of Universe. Evolution states nature is the driving force of the universe. The Big Bang requires matter to initially exist, this being a supernatural event violating the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. Matter only converts to energy and vice versa. In the Big Bang matter explodes outwardly. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (entropy) states that matter moves from order to disorder violating this law. Explosion cannot create order.
Life from Non-life. Louis Pasteur, in the law of abiogenesis (1864), stated that you cannot make life from non-life. Experiments by Miller (1953) offered dismal results.Intelligent Design. William Paley (1743-1805) offered a watch as an example of intelligent design, noting that a complex product does not occur by chance but is the obvious result of a master creator.
Irreducible complexity - Minimal function. Microbiologist Michael Behe, using the example of a mouse trap, stated that cells cannot develop on a piecemeal basis. Irreducible complexity - all parts must be present for something to work. Minimal function - nothing works until everything works.
Genetic Entropy (2nd Law of Thermodynamics). Disorganization and decreased complexity are inherent impediments in biological systems. Natural selection cannot generate order. Mutations are disorganizing systems and do not increase genetic material.
Millions of Years. Gradualism or uniformitarianism, in opposition to the catastrophic Genesis flood, presupposes that given enough time, anything can happen. The formations in caves, petrified materials, coal and oil form in very short periods of time given the right conditions.
Millions of Dead Buried on the Earth – These are disputed as evidence of the Genesis flood. Nevertheless, this evidence is found across continents and on mountain tops. Additionally, no transitional fossils between species are found graphically tracing the amoeba to man record.
Aliens Seeded Life on Earth. Eminent evolutionist Dr. Francis Crick of DNA fame stated, ”Life could never evolve by chance on earth.” Richard Dawkins, professor of biology at Oxford, reverts to this philosophical and evasive stance for backing.
Insurmountable Problems Frauds in Evolution Dinosaurs Lived with ManNature cannot create matter Embryotic Drawings First labelled dinosaur (1841)Life doesn’t emerge from non-life Piltdown Man Similar creatures (dragons) Nature moves toward disorder Nebraska Man found in antiquityGod’s kinds remain “kinds” Neanderthal Man Brachiosaurus – Job 40:15-24Intelligent design is not random Archaeoraptor Fresh bones, soft tissue, C-14Evolution is assumption based Lucy, just another ape proof of recent origin
Dating Techniques Equals Eons Fossils Imaginary Geologic ColumnUnreliable assumptions, i.e., Slow burial unrealistic Largely imaginary, i.e., only Volume of daughter isotope No transitional fossils found intact in 1% of earth Contamination or fins to legs Cambrian Explosion Inconstancy in decay rate Circular reasoning - fossils Index fossil problems
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Unreliable results date strata & visa versa Polystrate fossils
EVOLUTION’S RECENT FRAUDS/MIS-STEPS
ORIGINAL EFFORT REALITYNeanderthal Man (1856) involved skeletal remains showing anomalies in skull and bone formations which appeared to not be modern man. Dr. Protsch, of Frankfort University, offered research to suggest that Neanderthal was a missing link in evolution.
Dr. Protsch fabricated 30 years of research. Neanderthal Man was found to be a modern man suffering from bone disorders such as rickets and arthritis.
Charles Darwin, in his Origen of Species (1859), proposed that man descended from lower species and stated that transitional forms would be found.
Valid transitional forms have never been found to substantiate Darwin’s theory.
Haeckel (1868) published drawings comparing mammal and human embryos. Claims were made that animals and man had similar lines of development (ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny).
In 1915, Haeckel was convicted of fraud; however, his drawings continued to be used in textbooks for many decades.
Thomas Huxley and O. M. Marsh in 1874, in attempting to support the theory of evolution, produced a schematic diagram demonstrating horse evolution to modern times.
A symposium of evolutionists in 1980 was presented data showing Huxley’s horses was a case of a separate species.
Java Man (1981 was found in Indonesia by a student of Haeckel and claimed to be the “missing link.”
Java Man is now considered to be an example of modern man.
Piltdown Man (1912) was a composite with a jaw bone of an orangutan and partial human cranium was offered as a prime example of a “missing link”.
This greatest hoax in science remained in the British Museum for about 40 years.
Nebraska Man (1917) was a single tooth from an extinct pig exhibited as ape to man evolution.
This finding supported teaching of evolution in schools.
Peking Man (1923-1927) involved skeletal remains found in Beijing, China, which were declared to be a “missing link” to modern man.
The specimens were lost in the 1940’s, but are now considered to be modern man.
Orce Man (1984) involved a fragment of a skull that was presented as an example of primitive man.
This was found later found to be a portion of a donkey skull.
Archaeoraptorx, supposedly a missing link, had the body of a dinosaur and the tail of a bird was found by a farmer in 1997 for which he received $80,000.
This was found to be a fraud in 2000. The farmer had cobbled together two fossil pieces.
Australopithecus afarenis (southern ape) is offered to be transitional species of man. Having 40% of her fragmented parts, many of her key features are missing. “Lucy,” found in Ethiopia, is said to walk upright based on fossilized footprints found in Tanzania over 923 miles away.
Researchers’ finds indicate highly curved and ape-like fingers. Artists offer 100 different models of “Lucy. Chances are that Lucy is one of the almost 6,000 extinct apes.
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QUIZ ON APOLOGETICS – DEFENDING THE FAITH(Written for a middle elementary population and intended only to provoke discussion - Each question equals 2.5 %)
True (T) and False (F) questions.1. _____ The Neanderthal man is a cave man who lived before Adam.2. ____ Real science says that evolution is not possible.3. ____ Noah’s flood only changed the earth by the action of much water.4. ____ The Bible has many stories, some of which are myths (untrue).5. ____ Dinosaur stories and pictures show that dinosaurs lived with man.6. ____ We can trust what magazines and TV say about earth’s history.7. ____ Some smart people say that life can come from non-life.8. ____ A fish cannot become a reptile after millions of years.9. ____ Well-known evolutionists say that life came to earth by aliens.10. ____ The geological column is essentially an imaginary visual creation
by secularists which support the theory of evolution.Use either (E) for Evolution or (S) for Scripture:11. ____ The eight generations from Noah to Abraham were the Ice Age.12. ____ Radiometric dating gives the true age of the earth.13. ____ People can use their reason to find God’s truth.14. ____ A philosophy is an example of science.15. ____ Major changes on earth have only included wind/water erosion.16. ____ There was only one Ice Age on the earth.17. ____ Genesis 1 does not say if a “day” was 24 hours or much longer.18. ____ Time plus random change and nature caused life on earth.19. _____ God created the universe by His Word out of absolutely nothing.20. ____ God’s Word implies that the earth is very young.Multiple Choice21. _____ The Genesis flood covered which part(s) of the earth A) most B)
small parts C) all. 22. _____ God created the earth as A) one land mass B) the 7 continents as
we see it today.23. _____ The Bible tells us that God is a A) natural being B) supernatural
being.24. _____ Creationists believe that the Grand Canyon came into existence A)
by erosion over millions of years B) due to as a dam breaking and releasing a large lake which cut the canyon.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
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DNA Natural Selection Cavitation dinosaur LucyBig Bang Radiometric dating Mt. St. Helens C-14 datingtectonics Noah’s flood Evolution Geological column
25. ________________ A recent attempt to show that man evolved from a monkey.26. _______________ Supposedly used by secularists to find the age of
very old rocks. 27. ________________ The most dramatic example of a catastrophe.28. ________________ An imaginary model of what secularists claim the
earth’s rock layers look like. 29. ________________ Animal used to introduce children to evolution.30. ________________ Belief that the universe came into being slowly over
billions of years.31. ________________ Water rapidly wearing away rock solid rock.32. ________________ Used to find the relative age of plant and animal
materials.33. _________________Most popular theory of biological evolution.34. _________________ A blueprint in the form of language that tells the
cell how to make an animal or human.35. _________________ An example of the massive damage a small
volcano could do during the global flood. 37. _________________ Secularists claim the universe was made by this
type of explosion. 38. _________________Seven or eight major plates that float on the
earth’s lithosphere.
Short Answer
39. Why are evolution and Christianity both a religion?
40. In the evolution and scripture debate, what does skeptic refer to?
Keep in mind that this quiz is intended to be is an instructional tool, not to evaluate performance. It is meant to be the first step in helping students differentiate between the truth of scripture and the nonsense of evolution.
QUIZ ON APOLOGETICS – ANSWER KEY(Written for a middle elementary population and intended only to provoke discussion - Each question equals 2.5 %)
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True (T) and False (F) questions.1. __F__ The Neanderthal man is a cave man who lived before Adam.2. __T__ Real science says that evolution is not possible.3. __F__ Noah’s flood only changed the earth by the action of much water.4. __F__ The Bible has many stories, some of which are myths (untrue).5. __T__ Dinosaur stories and pictures show that dinosaurs lived with man.6. __F__ We can trust what magazines and TV say about earth’s history.7. __T__ Some smart people say that life can come from non-life.8. __T__ A fish cannot become a reptile after millions of years.9. __T__ Well-known evolutionists say that life came to earth by aliens.10. __T__ The geological column is essentially an imaginary visual creation
by secularists which support the theory of evolution.Use either (E) for Evolution or (S) for Scripture:11. __S__ The eight generations of Noah to Abraham were in the Ice Age.12. __E__ Radiometric dating gives the true age of the earth.13. __E__ People can use their reason to find God’s truth.14. __S__ A philosophy is an example of science.15. __E__ Major changes on earth have only included wind/water erosion.16. __S__ There was only one Ice Age on the earth.17. __E__ Genesis 1 does not say if a “day” was 24 hours or if much longer.18. __E__ Time plus random change and nature caused life on earth.19. __S__ God created the universe by His Word out of absolutely nothing.20. ____ God’s Word implies that the earth is very young.Multiple Choice21. __C___ The Genesis flood covered which part(s) of the earth A) most B)
small parts C) all. 22. __A__ God created the earth as A) one land mass B) the 7 continents as
we see it today.23. __B___ The Bible tells us that God is a A) natural being B) supernatural
being.24. __B___ Creationists believe that the Grand Canyon came into existence A)
by erosion over millions of years B) due to as a dam breaking and releasing a large lake which cut the canyon.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
DNA Natural Selection Cavitation dinosaur LucyBig Bang Radiometric dating Mt. St. Helens C-14 datingtectonics Noah’s flood Evolution Geological column
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25. Lucy - A recent attempt to show that man evolved from a monkey.26. Radiometric dating - Supposedly used by secularists to find the age of
very old rocks. 27. Noah’s flood - The most dramatic example of a catastrophe.28. Geological column - An imaginary model of what secularists claim the
earth’s rock layers look like. 29. Dinosaur - Animal used to introduce children to evolution.30. Evolution - Belief that the universe came into being slowly over billions of
years.31. Cavitation - Water rapidly wearing away rock solid rock.32. C-14 dating - Used to find the relative age of plant and animal materials.33. Natural selection - Most popular theory of biological evolution.34. DNA - A blueprint in the form of language that tells the cell how to make
an animal or human.35. Mt. St. Helens - An example of the massive damage a small volcano
could do during the global flood. 37. Big Bang - Secularists claim the universe was made by this type of
explosion. 38. Tectonics - Seven or eight major plates that float on the earth’s
lithosphere.
Short Answer
39. Why are evolution and Christianity a form of religion? They are a belief.40. In the evolution and scripture debate, what does skeptic refer to? A skeptic is one who calls into a question a concept, namely the truth
of scripture and God being the Creator of all things.
Keep in mind that this quiz is intended to be is an instructional tool, not to evaluate performance. It is meant to be the first step in helping students differentiate between the truth of scripture and the nonsense of evolution.
APOLOGETIC RESOURCE SITES Answers in Genesis – Extensive resourcesBju Press: Christian Curriculum, Distance Learning, & BooksCreation Curriculum Creation Ministries International (CMI)
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Creation Museum, Petersburg, KentuckyInstitute for Creation Living Waters New Leaf Publishing Group, Inc. – Master BooksTobias Communications - Paul Maier’s DVDsZondervonkidz
In terms of internet searches regarding young earth perspectives, avoid those sites that deal with old earth ministries, Evidence of God, Old Earth Ministries, etc. When in doubt, review their belief statements. Look particularly at their definition of a day as used in Genesis 1. From a young earth perspective, a day is defined specifically as 24 hours.
Answers Education Online – Course Work Foundations in Creation Apologetics (APO 101)This is an online course in apologetics offered through Answers in Genesis.
Homeschool program offered through Answers in GenesisGod’s Design for Heaven and Earth; Our Plantet Earth, Our Weather &
Water, Our UniverseGod’s Design for Life; The World of Plants, The Human Body, The
World of AnimalsGod Design for the Physical World; Heat & Energy, Machines & Motion,
Inventions & TechnologyGod Design for Chemistry and Ecology; Properties of Matter, Properties
of Atoms & Molecules , Properties of Ecosystems
Young Earth Magazines Answers (AiG) intended for upper elementary to adult.Creation Magazine (CMI) intended for elementary school children.
