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L. Franck Laurent FRANCK TELECOM Bretagne/site of Toulouse [email protected] Satellite Communications for Disaster Management 1 Part II: European and international initiatives
L. Franck
Laurent FRANCK
TELECOM Bretagne/site of Toulouse [email protected]
Satellite Communications for Disaster Management
1
Part II: European and international initiatives
2
Part II
European and national projects
Project TANGO
• A European Integrated Project (2006-2009) addressing Global Monitoring for Environment & Security (GMES)– Crisis management is among the topics that were addressed
• A crisis management exercise took place in Madeira in 2009 demonstrating the integrated use of space technology for– Observation data– Emergency telecommunications
http://www.teladnetgo.eu
[Tan
go w
ebsi
te]
[Tan
go w
ebsi
te]
3
http://www.teladnetgo.euhttp://www.teladnetgo.eu
Project e-Triage
• A German project (2010-) to introduce ICT in medical triage operations– Triage is a key operation to optimize resources (MD, first aid
workers) during mass casualty incidents– Triage is commonly handled using paper tags– Paper “processing” (filling/duplication/transmission) is error
prone and sub-optimal
• e-Triage complements paper tags with– Ruggedized tablet PCs– LAN & WAN connectivity– Distributed databases
• http://www.e-triage.de/
[Wikipedia]
4
[DLR
/E-tr
iage
]
Project e-Triage
• An important concept is the idea of lazy and distributed database synchronization
5
22
Tablet-PC with integrated database
Source: Feuerwehr Vierkirchen
Coordination Center/ Hospital
Secure Connection
Point of Care
Tablet-PC with integr. database
Sync
hroniz
ation
Synchronizati
on
Local Coordination Section 1
Local Coordination Section 2
Synchronization Sync
hron
izat
ion
Internet
e-Triage Server
Synchronization
Sync
hron
izatio
n
[DLR
/E-tr
iage
]
Project Wisecom
• A European FP6 project (2006-2008) aiming to design and build a portable/transportable satellite terminal supporting backhauling of terrestrial traffic over the satellite link– Targeted use: provision of an “emergency communication
bubble” where terrestrial infrastructures broke down
• The terminals that were developed have been assessed through extensive field trials
• The Wisecom project also led to standardization activities within ETSI SES/SatEC
• http://www.wisecom-fp6.eu/
6
http://www.wisecom-fp6.euhttp://www.wisecom-fp6.eu
Project Wisecom
• Two terminals were developed– Lightweight (suitcase form factor): BGAN based, GSM, VoIP
and IP (WIFI+Ethernet) access– Transportable: DVB/RCS based, Wimax, GSM, VoIP and IP
(WIFI+Ethernet) access
7
18/08/08 WISECOM Final Demonstration Report page 44/67
Figure 3-32: Deployment of the WISECOM Access Terminal (WAT) close to the victim’s area by two rescue force staff members.
Figure 3-33: Installation of the local Location Based Service (LBS) Control Centre
18/08/08 WISECOM Final Demonstration Report page 49/67
(a) LBS Main Menu
(b) LBS Victim Submenu
Figure 3-37: Comparison of the cardboard tag on the left and of the electronic tag on the right. Note that the electronic tag includes the GPS position of the patient, accurate
time stamp, and is transferred instantaneously to the Control Centre(s).
3.4.5.4 Electronic transmission of victim status Figure 3-38 shows members of the Red Cross (triage teams) using the WISECOM system to transmit the electronic triage tags to the Control Centres upon discovery of new victims.
18/08/08 WISECOM Final Demonstration Report page 33/67
WiMAX Base Station
Deported antenna
Figure 3-20: DVB-RCS WAT (simulating the green tent area).
A Videooconference session is set up over satellite between the WAT and the Control Centre using the Marratech Videoconference tool.
Figure 3-21: Videoconference at the WAT.
[DLR/Wisecom] [DLR/Wisecom]
[DLR
/Wis
ecom
]
Project OASIS/TSO
• A European FP6 project (2004-2008) aiming to develop emergency management system
• One important result of OASIS is the TSO (Tactical Situation Object), an XML framework for describing events and resources in an emergency situation– TSO is a common language to share information among
COP (Common Operational Picture) systems
• http://www.oasis-fp6.org/ and http://www.tacticalsituationobject.org/
8
http://www.oasis-fp6.orghttp://www.oasis-fp6.orghttp://www.tacticalsituationobject.orghttp://www.tacticalsituationobject.org
Project OASIS
9
!"#$%&'()'*&'+,-./&'-&'-,001&2'345
!"#$%&'"%(#)(*+%,$# ")$#(, #!"#$%'()'(*+),!-#'(.+$&/%-#'0%'1#$)+#)$!'(!'(*--.!1'()'234-#.'#
/0,/"1,"#'%#2")/1*3$*0,#2(#$43"#256+6,"7",$#8/%$6901*":#%/$"(1#0(#0&;"$#*73'*
10
Part II
International initiatives and actors
The Tampere Convention
• Provides a framework for easing the deployment of telecommunication assistance during emergencies – Telecommunication assistance are provided to a requesting state by an assisting state (or NGO)
• Reduces or remove regulatory barriers/procedures• The assisting state is granted with immunities and tax exemption but
is also bound “not to interfere in the domestic affairs”
• The collaboration may be ended by the requesting state at any time• Must be signed & ratified by each state willing to participate• Currently: 40 signatories since 2005• http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms/tampere.html
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International Charter / Space & Major Disasters
• A charter (2000) to ease the acquisition and delivery of space data in case of disaster
• Members are national space agencies & space data operators
• Authorized users activate the charter through a single telephone number which is then relayed to the charter members
• In 2011, 31 charter activations• http://www.disasterscharter.org/
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http://www.disasterscharter.orghttp://www.disasterscharter.org
International Charter / Space & Major Disasters
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[IC/S
MD
web
site
]
Estimation of flooded areas for the Great Tohoku earthquake
Original images have a 2.5 m resolution
Imaging provided by TerraSAR-X
Radio Amateur Activities
• Radio amateurs (Ham) make use of their technical skills and equipments for– Providing RF-based communications networks (mostly
narrowband for voice and low data rate) in case of emergencies– Locating emergency location transmitters of crashed airplanes
by means of radiogoniometer
• In France, the FNRASEC (Fédération Nationale des Radio amateurs au Service de la Sécurité Civile) is a national association under the agreement of the French Civil Protection (similar organizations exist such as the ARES in the US/Canada)
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Radio Amateur Technology
• Frequency bands dedicated to radio amateurs are present on the full spectrum including below 30 MHz
• Radio amateurs are accustomed of transmitting voice, CW (i.e., morse) and data (e.g., using PSK31) on these bands using off the shelf or home-made equipments (transceivers and antennas)– Especially useful for inter-continental communications
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[ARRL]
Radio Amateur Technology
• APRS (Automatic Packet/Position Reporting System) is a packet-radio based network/technology that supports the distribution of small messages storing GPS coordinates, text messages or weather reports
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!!
"#$%&'!(!)&%*#+'!,!-!./01+!2#+34156#0!7!! 8!
!
9:;)2
Radio Amateur Technology
• Ham moored balloons can host small telecommunication payloads (e.g. relay stations) providing a first step to the setup of higher-altitude platforms
• From an economics standpoint, balloons offer an alternative to antenna masts for heights > 25 m
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[RIT
CH
IE-1
]
Payload of a high altitude Ham balloon provide
positioning and imagery
Albatros, an experimental balloon from the French Ministry of Interiors for relaying police communications
[Bal
asko
vic]
Radio Amateur Technology
• Amateur satellites are low-earth orbit spacecrafts relaying voice/narrowband data (including APRS traffic)
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ARRISSat-1
[AR
RL/
AM
SAT
]
ARRISSat-1 capabilities and status on December 16, 2011
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Part II
Standardization
ITU
• ITU-T has set up a Partnership Co-ordination Panel (PCP) for handling telecommunications for disaster relief and early warning (called TDR/EW)– TDR/EW PCP in under the responsibility of ITU-T Study Group-2 “Operational
Aspects”– ITU has endorsed Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) from OASIS (see later
slides)– http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/pcptdr/Pages/default.aspx
• ITU-R has also activities spanning over several Study Groups– World Radio Conferences (WRC) issue recommendations on the use of
frequency bands for emergency communications (WRC 12 to be held in January-February 2012)
– http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=emergency&lang=en
• http://www.itu.int/emergencytelecoms/
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http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/pcptdr/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/pcptdr/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=emergency&lang=enhttp://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=emergency&lang=enhttp://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=emergency&lang=enhttp://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=emergency&lang=enhttps://www.itu.int/emergencytelecoms/https://www.itu.int/emergencytelecoms/
ETSI
• Presently, two ETSI bodies are dedicated to emergency telecommunications– EMTEL is a Special Committee addressing requirements of
emergency telecommunication – SatEC (Satellite Emergency Communications) is a working
group from the SES (Satellite-Earth-Station) technical committee. It has recently produced a technical report on emergency communication cells via satellite
• ETSI also publishes standards for TETRA
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ETSI
• EMTEL missions include– To capture users’ requirements from stakeholders– Establish scenarios– Provide technical requirements in terms of network security,
integrity, behavior in emergency situations– Coordinate ETSI positions on emergency telecommunications
issues
• EMTEL has currently a strong activity around mobile telephony technology including– Alerting from the Citizens to the Authorities (e.g., 112)– Alerting from the Authorities to the Citizens (e.g., EU-Alert and Cell
Broadcast)
• http://www.emtel.etsi.org/22
ETSI
• SES/SatEC has recently published a Technical Report on “Emergency Communication Cell via Satellite” (TR-103-166 v1.1.1)– This TR provides insight on usage scenarios and defines a reference
architecture (functional blocks and interfaces) for the design of an ECCS)– It also lists existing products and projects providing ECCS-like
capabilities
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ETSI
ETSI TR 103 166 V1.1.1 (2011-09)18
PLMN
WLAN PSTN
SatelliteSystemB
A
D
C
PMR
PMR
Internet
PSTN
PLMN
ECCS Server#1
ECCS Terminal
PMR
PSTN WLAN
SatelliteSystem
PLMN
ECCS Terminal
PMR
PSTN WLAN
SatelliteSystem
PLMN
ECCS Terminal
Core NetworkGateways
Satellite/TerrestrialSystem
Satellite/TerrestrialSystem
ECCS Server#2
A
C’
User Terminals User Terminals User Terminals
Figure 6: ECCS interfaces
4.5 Usability and operational aspects After a disaster, civil infrastructures such as roads, buildings or power grids could be unavailable or unsafe. Moreover the environment could be harsh (violent winds, dust, humidity, temperatures, ice, etc.).
Communication means have to support an operation and may not hinder it. This means that the equipment has to match the operation's circumstances in terms of size and weight (for transportability reasons). Ideally users have experiences with the technology from daily use. In any case proper training and user-friendly (i.e. stress reducing) design are mandatory.
Since telecommunications experts are not always available in rescue and humanitarian organizations, ECCS maintenance should be facilitated and/or be the hardware and software element of a supra-regional or global service provided to the organization by an ECCS operator.
Any infrastructure cannot provide an efficient service without management tools/supports. In case of ECCS, AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting), billing, capacity management, training and hotline (help desk) are required.
ETSI
ETSI TR 103 166 V1.1.1 (2011-09)10
Sometimes rescue organisations use DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) phones in the direct vicinity of local coordination centres. Cell radius in buildings is typically between 30 m and 50 m, outdoors up to 300 m. As before, connectivity to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) depends on the availability of an access to this network.
4.2 ECCS challenges and roles
4.2.1 ECCS concept TR 102 641 [i.3] identifies different categories for telecommunications equipment: fixed, transportable and mobile. The basic assumption for ECCS is that the ECCS terminal deployed in the field is (trans)portable, ECCS server components and access to core networks are fixed and only user terminals in the coverage area of ECCS-networks (see Figure 1) are mobile.
Furthermore [i.3] defines a number of parties and stakeholders during and after a crisis situation and the information flows between them. An ECCS is intended as a flexible means to support information transfer between remote control centers/authorities and teams active in the field.
Primarily ECCS are meant to be deployed directly after an incident/crisis/disaster as one of the first actions of the response phase, but for planned or plannable situations an early set-up as part of the preparedness phase is possible too. From the above it is clear that with different organisations involved there will be different needs.
Although the single pieces of technology are readily available as successfully shown in several research projects, there are only a few commercial products on the market combining the advantages of satellite communications and terrestrial wireless handhelds. In the following, this technical report will provide a non-exhaustive overview of current products and initiatives dealing with ECCS. In the present document we define ECCS as a combination of a satellite component and at least one terrestrial wireless service to be deployed in the field. The terrestrial wireless service can be considered as a small subnetwork which is connected via a satellite backhaul link to its core network. Figure 1 shows a simplified example ECCS architecture consisting of two satellite terminals:
• one located in the field, interconnected to a wireless network supporting mobile actors equipped with handhelds (voice, data, or combined);
• one located remotely, interconnected to core networks.
Figure 1: Example ECCS Scenario
In Figure 1, the ECCS terminal deployed in the field is co-located with a local coordination point. For practical reasons this configuration will be the normal approach, but it is not required for operating an ECCS. Reference [i.3] distinguishes between different operational authorities (e.g. temporary local operation control vs. remote operation control) and employer authorities (e.g. fire brigades vs. medical rescue), but throughout the present document we will not make a difference between user groups.
[ETS
I/Sat
EC
]
[ETS
I/Sat
EC
]
ETSI
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• SES/SatEC coming activities will target• Multiple alert message encapsulation over satellite• The definition of network scenarios for various emergency
missions (e.g., forest firefighting, medical care)
CAP overMAMES
MAMESGATEWAY
Ale
rt m
essa
gein
CA
P
SMS or CBS
Fax
MAMESGATEWAY
Distribution networks
MAMES “trunking mode”
OASIS Open
• OASIS is a forum publishing IT open standards• The Emergency Management TC of OASIS covers many
topics such as information about emergency patients, geographical information systems and alerting
• CAP (Common Alerting Protocol) is its most active subcommittee– CAP is an XML framework for the description of warning
messages– CAP objectives: make alert messages technology independent
and foster the use of automatic systems for the origination and processing of alert messages
• http://www.oasis-open.org25
OASIS Open
26
CAP-v1.2-os 1 July 2010 Copyright © OASIS Open 2010. All Rights Reserved. Page 12 of 47
3 Alert Message Structure (normative) 224 3.1 Document Object Model 225
226 227
[CAP v1.2]
CAP data model
CAP-v1.2-os 1 July 2010 Copyright © OASIS Open 2010. All Rights Reserved. Page 40 of 47
A.2. Severe Thunderstorm Warning 884 The following is a speculative example in the form of a CAP XML message. 885 !"#$%&'()*+,-&.&/012/&(-3,4+-5&.&/6789:/";&886 !)-?,
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Part II
A European approach to Civil Protection
European perspectives
• The Treaty of Lisbon gives Europe competence “to carry out supporting, coordinating or complementary action” in the area of civil protection– Seminal work from M. Barnier “European civil protection force: europe aid” in
2006
• Early 2010, the European Parliament started to work on a non-legislative resolution entitled “Setting up an EU rapid response capability” (issued in December 2010)
• Meanwhile the European Commission prepared a communication “Towards a stronger European disaster response: the role of civil protection and humanitarian assistance” (October 2010) and a first guideline document on risk assessment (December 2010)
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European perspectives
• The European policy on civil protection is based on two pillars– A community action programme that supports the development of
technologies, best practices, methodologies related to mitigation/preparedness/response and relief
– Community mechanisms to respond to disasters• The core idea is to mutualize resources through standard “modules”
available among members, centralized tools and extensive training exercises
– A corner stone is the Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC) of EC for civil protection operations. It is a central point for
• Receiving requests/offers for assistance• Information gathering/dissemination• Operation co-ordination
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European perspectives
• On the standardization side, the EC released the Space Mandate M/496 (2011) which is a mandate to the European standardization organizations (CEN/CENELEC & ETSI) to tackle work on several space related topics, among them PPDR (Publication Protection & Disaster Relief)
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European perspectives
• Finally, the 5th call of the FP7 Security programme lists the following items as priority topics (only telecom related topics are shown)– Preparedness for and management of large scale fires– Positioning and timing tools to guarantee security assets trace &
tracking together with worker safety in a secure environment– Situational awareness guidance and evacuation systems for large
crowds, including crowds unpredictable behaviour– Tools for detection, traceability, triage and individual monitoring of
victims after a mass contamination– Preparation of the next generation of PPDR communication network– Establishment of a first responders platform for interoperability– Global solution for interoperability between first responder
communication systems
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L. Franck
End of Part II
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