Satellite induced ionization observed with the doploc system

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SATELLITE-INDUCED IONIZATION

OBSERVED WITH THE DOPLOC SYSTEM

ARPA Satellite Fence Series

Harold T. Lootens

*oV

Report No. 23 In the Series

Department of the Army Project No. 503-06-011 Ordnance Management Structure Code No. 5210.21.14303

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES ?™?™?Ba,,Ba!aele»«MS^^

"■ii'ii" 'iriVn iV;.:^-^.-^.^^^

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND ■:

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ASTIA AVAILABILITY NOTICE

Qualified requestors may obtain copies of this report from ASTIA,

This report will appear in a journal and will be available to the public.

.■:,■ / ■■ ■■■<.:. -■"

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. I562

AUGUST I96I

SATELLITE-INDUCED IONIZATION OBSERVED WITH THE DOPLOC SYSTEM

ARPA Satellite Fence Series

Harold T. Lootens

Ballistic Measurements Laboratory

Report No. 25 in the Series

Department of the Army Project No. 5O5-O6-OII Ordnance Management Structure Code No. 5210,21.1^503

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. I362

HTLootens/bjk Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md. August I96I

SATELLITE-INDUCED IONIZATION OBSERVED WITH THE DOPLOC SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

This report presents a series of constant frequency Doppler

reflections obtained with the DOPLOC "dark" satellite tracking system.

These reflections, termed "flats", are associated with satellite

Doppler reflections and are of the type that would be received from

a large, low velocity, ionized cloud. A tabulation of flats recorded

at times other than satellite pass times is also given and a dis-

cussion of meteor-induced ionization is included.

. ,.,■.:,,..: v.:;;;..,..:- —^.^.v.-;,.

XABIE ÜF CONTENTS

PAGE

I. HfPRODUCTION 9

II. DOPLOC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 11

III. DATA FORMAT 12

A. Doppler Recording 12

B. Signal Strength ..... 12

C. Multiple Antenna Records IJ

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 1^

A. "Flats" Associated with Satellite Passage 1^

B. "Flats" During Random Periods 16

C. Meteor-Induced lonization kh

V. CONCLUSIONS . . . , k3

VI. REFERENCES , 1^

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY ,...., Vf

APPENDIX I. 3RL-D0PL0C REPORTS 1^9

, s

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No.

1. Basic Interim DOPLOC System

2. AJRPA-BRL DOPLOC Doppler Record

3. ARPA-BRL DOPLOC Doppler Record

k. ARPA-BRL DOPLOC Doppler Record










Ik, ARPA-BRL DOPLOC Doppler Record






20. Flats and Satellite Passes, 22




2k, Flats and Satellite Passes, 31

25, Flats and Satellite Passes, 6 •

26, ARPA-BRL DOPLOC Doppler Record

27, XRPA-BRL DOPLOC Doppler Record







of 59 Kappa, Rev. 183

of 58 Delta 2, Rev. 8386

of 58 Delta 2, Rev. 66k5




of 58 Delta 2, Rev. 9^72







of 59 Lambda, Rev. 96

of 59 Lambda, Rev, 1516

of 60 Epsilon 2, Rev. iVf

of 60 Epsilon 2, Rev. 303


- 26 July 59

- 17 Sept 59

- 21 Dec 59

- l6 Jan 60

Mar - 6 Apr 60

• 10 Jun 60


of 58 Delta 2, Rev. 873I1

of 58 Delta 2, Rev. 99^3


of 58 Delta 2, Rev. 10Ö07




I. INTRODUCTION

During the period 1 January 1959 to 1 July i960, the Bailiatlc

Research Laboratories, under funding from the Advanced Research

Projects Agency (ARPA Order 8-58), operated a three-station, reflection

Doppler satellite tracking system, extending across the southrcentral

United States from Tennessee to New Mexico. This system, known as

DOPLOC, (DOppler Phase IflCk), provided a means of detecting and tracking

radio-silent, or "dark" satellites. Detailed reports outlining the

planning, implementation, operation and administration of the DOPLOC

system have been published1'2'5^ so no further space will be devoted

to it here.

A transmitting station was located at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and

receiving stations were located at White Sands Missile Range, New

Mexico and at Forrest City, Arkansas. The three stations were initially

manned on a twenty-four hour, seven-day-per-week basis, as a part of the

nation-wide satellite surveillance net. Following permission from ARPA

to discontinue routine twenty-four hour operation, the White Sands

station was deactivated and a nominal eight-hour work day was adopted

at the Forrest City and Fort Sill stations on 1 October I959.

The primary objective of the DOPLOC system was to detect and track

non-transmitting (dark) satellites but the flexible schedule under which

the field stations operated also provided considerable data from known

satellites. Unidentified Flying Objects and meteors. In addition, the

system provided much useful data relative to the satellite-induced

ionization theory.

It is the purpose of this report to present data on this highly

controversial subject of satellite-induced ionized trails or clouds.

Several workers in the field, notably Kraus et al. at Ohio State

University 5' '7, and Liszka et al. at the Kiruna Geophysical Observatory

in Sweden , have reported the existence of satellite-induced ion trails,

Many othem in this field doubt the existence of such trails or are

dubious about the reported magnitude and persistence of the trails.

.

êd lonlMtloa theory, hut rather vm preeent reaction date

oht-uned fro. . ê, ^ „^^ ^^ ^^

tjpe presented In tht3 report are de« „<.-., . - ..* ,,,,. äeflnltely not from satellites, since

=o Tf'*"**- "" the fMt ttot ^ "lotion, occur a, a patent »oppier fre^ncy at the hiss .reênc. level Inzestes th!t

ZZT^ ™ "" ^ " ~ -^ «— - the .ronnd

10

II. DOPLOC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The DOPIXXJ system consisted of a 50-kw continuous wave, 108 nc

transmitter located at Fort SlU, Oklahoma, which fed one of three high-

gain antennas. These high-gain antennas emitted narrow, fan-shaped

beams, one directed 20 degrees ahove the northern horizon, one directed

vertically and one directed 20 degrees above the southern horizon

(see Figure l).

The signal reflected from a satellite passing through the trans-

mitter beam was received at one or both of the receiving stations.

Each receiving station had three high-gain antennas oriented to "see"

the space volume illuminated by the transmitter. The reflected signal

was fed through a receiver and a bank of fixed audio frequency filters,

known as the Automatic Lock-On (ALO), to a narrow-band, phase-locked

tracking filter. The tracking filter then tracked the Doppler signal

as the satellite passed through the antenna beam. A satellite which

crossed the base line joining the transmitter and receiver traversed

each of the three fan-shaped antenna beams. This resulted in three

separate Doppler records, one for each of the three antennas, separated

In time by 5O-60 seconds. The length of the Doppler records varied,

averaging about 7 seconds in the center antenna and 15-25 seconds In

the north and south antennas. Data outputs were Doppler frequency as

a function of time in a digital and punched tape format, as well as

strip chart recordings of Doppler analog frequency and signal strength

with respect to time. A complete and detailed description of the

DOPLOC instrumentation system is available", so no further discussion

of it will be presented here.

When the DOPLOC system assumed twenty-four,hour operational status

in January 1959^ the transmitter at Fort Sill served as the illuminator

for both receiving stations. When the White Sands station was deacti-

vated in the fall of 1959^ the antennas at Fort Sill and Forrest City

were re-oriented in azimuth to produce a greater overlapping of the

beams and better coverage. All data presented in this report were

recorded at the Forrest City station.

1-1

III. DATA FOBMAT

A, Doppler Recording

The typical form in which DOPLOC data are recorded is shown in

Figure 2. The upper portion of the chart is an analog record of

tracking filter output frequency. The short, evenly spaced marks

indicate the sucessive frequencies at which the tracking filter is

set while the system is in the search mode. Figure 2 shows the

tracking filter output when the ALO Is scanning a 12 kc range. The

AIX) can also he adjusted to scan a 4 kc or 2 kc range.

The transition from step scanning to continuous phase-locked

tracking is shown in Figure 2 at ITU:58 Z time. Concurrently, the

digital counter and printer is started and the period of 1000 cycles

of the Doppler signal is printed at one second intervals on paper tape.

The Doppler period count for Revolution 185 of 59 Kappa, corresponding

to the Doppler frequency analog record, is shown at the top left of

Figure 2. The right five digits represent the period count, while

the left iix digits represent Universal Time in hours, minutes and

seconds.

B. Signal Strength

The lower part of the chart in Figure 2 is a record of the AGO

voltage from the tracking filter. While in the search mode, the AGO

is shorted, producing the clean, straight line at 2 mm deflection.

When a signal is detected, the AGO voltage first decreases due to'an

initial threshold voltage of opposite polarity existing on the AGO

line. Then, as the signal amplitude increases, the AGO voltage in-

creases as shown by the scale calibration. The chart is calibrated

in received signal input power (in dbw) at the receiver input terminals

and also in relative signal in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio at

the receiver output, i.e. in db below 1:1 S/N at the receiver output.

12

C. Multiple Antenna Records

This one pass of 59 Kappa has been treated In considerable detail '

to explain the nature, quality and quantity of DOPLOC data and, con-

sequently, the discussion has been devoted to data received by the

vertically directed center antenna. In the next section of this report,

examples of satellite passes recorded by more than one antenna win be

presented.

During the 18-month operation of the DOPLOC system, 111 satellite

reflections were received, resulting from observations of 89 individual

satellite passes (8 passes were received by two antennas and 7 passes

by all three antennas). Of these 111 reflections, 67 were received

by the center antenna alone or by the center antenna in combination with

the north or south antenna.

13

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESUIITS

A. "Flats" Associated with Satellite Passage

Approximately 25^ of the satellite passes recorded by the DOPLOC

center antenna (17 of 6?) revealed a constant frequency reflection,

either preceding or following the Doppler signal reflected from the

satellite. These constant frequency reflections, termed "flats"

appear on the analog records as a horizontal line, close to or equal

to the bias frequency of 7 kc^ indicating zero velocity. These

Doppler frequency flats, which indicate an apparent zero velocity target^

could be caused either by a large ionized mass moving through the

antenna beam at a very low velocity, or by a stationary ionized mass

having a lifetime equal to the duration of the observed signal. On 9

of the records the flats produced a stronger signal level than the

corresponding satellite reflection. The average signal strength of

the flats (-170 dbw) is slightly stronger than the average signal strength

of the satellites observed (-I71 dbw). Reproductions of DOPLOC satellite

reflections showing evidence of flats are presented in Figures 3-I9 and

a tabulation of the data is given in Table I.

Of the 17 satellite records which reveal flats, 12 are reflections

{from 58 Delta 2 (Sputnik III). The other passes displaying flats are

records of 59 Lambda (Discoverer VIII), 60 Epsilon 2 (Sputnik IV rocket)

and 60 Epsilon 6 (Sputnik IV fragment). About 65^ of the flats occur

after (or before and after), the satellite has passed through the antenna

beam, and all of the flats appear in the center antenna. Perhaps a brief

explanation of the antenna switching procedure is desirable at this

point, to indicate which antenna was in use when the flats were recorded.

In Figures 13, Ik and 17, an abrupt shift in the ALO frequency scan

is visible. This shift represents the transfer of power from one antenna

to the next. For example, in Figure 15, the ALO scans the 2-5 kc range

as the satellite approaches and is tracked through the south antenna.

Following loss of signal by the south antenna, power is switched to the

center antenna and the AH) scans the 6-9 kc range. This transition is

shown at 0641:46 Z time. This scan is continued until the satellite has

traversed the center beam and then a switch is made to the north antenna

.

Ih

TABLE I - DOPLOC SATELLITE REFLECTIONS POSSESSING FLATS

Satellite Rev.

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

58 Delta 2

59 Lambda

59 Lambda

60 Epsilon 2

60 Epsilon 2

60 Epsilon 6

Average

8386

86if3 8683

8719 9009

9^72

9503

9716

9826

9832

9937 10001

96 1516

147

303 501

Altitude Miles

172

156

1*13

186

15^

130

150

285

189

110

158

12k

12k

137 2k0

213

iQk

•Peak Signal in dbw Satellite Flat

Flat Before/After Satellite Pass

-I67 -174 Before and After

-170 .172 After

-175 -I65 Before

-171 -172 After

-175 -170 Before

-172 -163 After

-170 .175 After

-176 -I'jk Before and After

-176 -172 Before

-171 -159 After

-I62 -168 Before and After -169 .175 Before

-I69 .i'jk Before

-I67 -174 After

-175 -16k After

-175 -174 After

J^Z5 ^173 After

-171 -170

15

and a 10-15 kc scan range at 06l»3:12 Z time. The chart recorder pen

deflection was adjusted at 06'I'J:00 Z time and the satellite was subse-

quently tracked through the north antenna. This completes the antenna

switching and recording cycle for this pass. Antenna switching was

performed simultaneously at the transmitter and receiver and synchronized

"by teletype communication. In Figure 12, similar switching was performed

as indicated at l3l2:5J* Z time, and the pen deflection subsequently

adjusted to center the trace in the upper portion of the chart. It is

probable that the flats observed in Figures 12, IJ, and 1? would have

been longer in duration if the recording had not been interrupted by

antenna switching.

B. Flats During Random Periods

In an attempt to determine if a correlation actually exists between

satellite passage and the occurrence of flats, it was decided to chart

all of the fiats and satellite passes which occurred during several arbi-

trarily selected periods between July 1959 and July i960. The resulting

charts are presented in Figures 20-25 and an explanation of them follows.

The original records were recorded on ^wo-channel Sanborn chart

paper. Type 651-52. During the operation of the DOPLOC system, over 300

complete rolls of this paper were utilized, amounting to more than 6000

hours of recordings. The six one-week periods chosen for this random

examination are a representative sample of the total amount of data recorded.

The first DOPLOC satellite reflection was received in August 1959, so the

initial period to be studied was selected in July 1959, Just prior to the

first reflection. Five additional samples were chosen at approximately 1-2

month intervals, covering the time until the DOPLOC system was deacti-

vated in July i960. Each period examined consisted of.five consecutive

days, with the exception of the charts in Figures 22 and 2k. The days that

were omitted on these charts (19-20 Dec 59 and 2-5 Apr 60) fell on Saturday

and Sunday, and the station was operating only on a five-day week at that

time.

16

Each chart represents five complete days, and each day is divided

into four segments of six hours each, with the horizontal scale reading

from left to right in Universal Time. The short, vertical marks rep-

resent flats, with no regard for their duration. The flats vary in

length from several seconds to a minute or more, but each one is rep-

resented by a single mark regardless of duration. A tabulation of all

flats, including duration and signal strength values, is given in Tables

II - VII.

The long, vertical marks represent satellites which were predicted

for the DOPIÖC system during the period. Each is identified with the

year of launch and the Greek letter assigned by Space Track Control

Center. In addition, the altitude of each pass as it crossed the base

line is given. The periods labeled "NO MTA" represent periods when the

station was not operating; at all other times the station was manned and

continuous recordings were made. Several of the satellite passes are

markedt . Here, the passage of the satellite through the antenna beam

was recorded and reproductions of these Doppler frequency observations

are presented in Figures 6, 15, 26-53.

Attention is called to the small number and random distribution of the

flats in Figures 20 and 21. There is no correlation* with satellite passage

in Figure 20 and only slight correlation in Figures 21, 2k and 25. In

Figures 22 and 25, however, a number of excellent correlations are visible

in connection with 58 Delta 2, perhaps because of the size and configuration

of this satellite. Table VIII presents a summary of the number of passes

in each period, together with the number of correlations and their iden-

tification.

In Figures 22-25, the occurrence frequency profile of the flats is

radically different. Instead of a small number of flats randomly distributed,

these charts show an increase in the number of flats by a factor of 3 or k,

* ?°rr^lation denotes a minimum of two flats occurring in the period from 10 minutes before pass time until 20 minutes after pass time. These passes are underlined in Figures 20-25.

17

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TABLE'VIII - SATELLITE PASSES AND CORRELATED FIATS

Number of Satellite Number of Identification Fls No. ; Period Examined Passes in Period Correlations» of Correlations

20 22-26 Jul 59 11 0

21 15-17 Sep 59 15 5 58 Delta 2 (2) 59 Epsilon 1 (5

22 15-21 Dec 59 6 5 58 Delta 2 (5)

25 12-16 Jan 60 6 k 58 Delta 2 (k)

2k 51 Mar-6 Apr 60 6 2 58 Delta 2 (l), 60 Beta 1 (l)

25 6-10 Jun 60 10 • -

1 60 Epsilon 2 (1)

* Correlation denotes a minimum of two flats occurring in the period from 10 minutes before pass time, until 20 minutes after pass time.

ho

and a distribution characterized by email, compact groups separated by

long periods of little or no activity. Such a distribution might Indicate

that these flats were caused by a distinct event, ouch as the movement of

a satellite or meteor shower.

To examine the relationship between satellite altitude and flats,

a tabulation was made of all flats occurring in a 50-minute period* In

the vicinity of each of the underlined satellite passes in Figures 20-25.

These data are presented in Table DC.

Regarding the effect of satellite altitude on the formation of flats,

It is noted that of the 6? satellite reflections recorded by the DOPLOC

center antenna, 1? (or 2556) show evidence of flats near the satellite

pass time (see Table l). These 1? satellite passes have an average altitude

of l8h miles. It cannot be concluded from these data, however, that flats

are more frequently associated with the lower altitude satellites, since

the average altitude of all the center antenna satellite reflections is

only 201 miles. The range limitations of the interim DOPLOC system made

reception of the higher altitude passes marginal and, consequently, the

satellite reflections that were received were from the lower altitude

passes.

In Figures 20-25, however, there are a total of 52 satellite passes

charted, ranging in altitude from 95 to 658 miles. These passes represent

all of the satellite crossings that were predicted for the DOPLOC system

during these periods. Of these 52 passes, 1? (or 555t) show evidence of

several flats near satellite pass time and the average altitude of these

17 satellite passes is 552 miles (see Table IX). It should be pointed

out that the limitations of the DOPLOC system do not apply here, since

we are concerned only with observations of flats, as opposed to flats and

satellites. Since flats are assumed to be considerably larger than the

associated satellite, it is felt that reflections would be obtained from

flats at high altitudes even though no reflection would be received from

the satellite itself.

* i^rom 10 minutes before pass time until 20 minutes after pass time.

' hi

■

Comparison of the data In Tables I and IX Indicates that formation

of flats Is apparently not entirely dependent on altitude, since by more

than tripling the altitude range of the data examined, the flats observed

only increased by approximately 836. Based on these data, it would appear

that flats may be observed almost aa frequently associated with satellltea

at low altitudes as at high altitudes.

k2

...,.ij^..-.i-^^ ■■—^v.

TABLE IX - SATELLITE AlfTITUDE VS NUMBER GF FIATS

.■

Date Satellite Altitude Miles Number of Flat8#

in 30-Mln. Period

Ik Sep 59 58 Delta 2 UJO 2

17 Sep 59 58 Delta 2 658 5

15 Dec 59 58 Delta 2 U92 6

16 Dec 59 58 Delta 2 U85 7

17 Dec 59 58 Delta 2 1*82 12

18 Dec 59 58 Delta 2 U78 5 21 Dec 59 58 Delta 2 19k It

12 Jon 60 58 Delta 2 MO 5

15 Jan 60 58 Delta 2 186 7 Ih Jan 60 58 Delta 2 186 2

16 Jan 60 58 Delta 2 l»01 11

k Apr 60 58 Delta 2 95 2

15 Sep 59 59 Epsilon 2 210 1*

111 Sep 59 59 Epsilon 2 Xhl 3 16 Sep 59 59 Epsilon 2 IkO 2

5 Apr 60 60 Beta 1 451 10

6 Jun 60 60 Epsilon 2 201 5

Average 532

*From 10 minutes before pass time until 20 minutes after pass time«

hi

C. Meteor-Induced lonlzatiou

Reflections from meteor trails may account for some of the flats

observed, particularly in the December and June samples (Figures 22

and 25). The Ursid meteor shower normally occurs during the period

17-24 December with the maximum activity on 22 December. During this

maximum, a radio-observed rate of 15 meteors/hour has been reported.10

Similarly, the daytime Arietid and daytime Perseid showers reach

their maximum on 8 June and 9 June, respectively, which would place

them in the interval charted in Figure 25. For these showers, the

maximum hourly radio-observed meteor rate is 66 and k2, respectively.

A meteor passing through the ionosphere forms Initially a large,

cylindrical, ionized column, and maximum reflection or signal scattering

is experienced when the incident wave is normal to the long axis of the

cylinder. The passage of a great number of meteors (as in a shower)

could quite conceivably form many large, ionized columns which, upon

diffusion, would overlap and effectively blanket a considerable area

with a slow moving ionized cloud. From a cloud of this type having a

reasonably uniform density, we might expect to observe a single, con-

tinuous, long duration flat with a strong signal level. However, if

the cloud was patchy and non-uniform, then the reflections received

might be intermittent, with shorter durations and varying signal strengths.

kk

V. CONCLUSIONS

Baaed on the data presented in this report, several conclusions

appear rather firm. First, when a flat Is observed In connection with

a known satellite passage, the signal level received from the flat Is

usually stronger than the signal level received from the associated

satellite. This would Indicate that the dimensions of the reflecting

mass are comparable to or larger than those of the satellite.

Secondly, satellite passage cannot be accurately determined by

merely charting the occurrence of flats against a time reference. The

appearance of a large number erf flats in a short time Is not a reliable

indication that a satellite has passed, evidenced by the data presented

in Figures 22-24. Attention is called to the many groups of flats, not

associated with a satellite crossing, which appear very similar to those

groups of flats observed in the vicinity of a satellite pass.

Thirdly, satellite altitude does not appear to be a factor In the

foimatlon or detection of flats. The DOPLOC system recorded flats

associated with satellites at various altitudes, ranging from 110 miles

to more than 600 miles.

HAHOLD T. LOOTENS

^

:' ■ ■

REFERENCES

1* ?! tey*1" <*•, Richard, V. W., Hodge, A. H., Pattoa, R. B., Adems, C. L. First Semi-Annual Technical Summary Report,

Il850(l959)ly 1958 " 51 December 1958- mL Me,no ReP01"* No-

2. de Bey, L. G., Richard, V. W., Fatten, R. B. Second Semi- Annual Technical Summary Report, Period 1 January 1959 - TO June 1959. BRL Memo Report No. 1220 (1959).

5. de Bey, L. G. Third Technical Summary Report, Period 1 July 19^9 - 50 June i960. BRL Memo Report No. 128? (i960).

Hodge, A. H. Final Summary P-nort on the BRL-D0PL0C Prelect. BRL Report No. I.I56 (1961).

k.

5. Kraus, J. Evidence of Satellite-Induced lonization Between Hemispheres. Proc. IRE, hQ, 1913-1911+ (i960).

6. Kraus, J., Higgy, R. The Relation of the Satellite lonization Phenomenon to the Radiation Belts. Proc. IRE, 1*8, 2027-2028

7. Kraus, J., Higgy, R., Crone, W. The Satellite lonization Phenomenon. Proc. IRE, 1+8, 672-78 (i960).

8' ^nk-%L' V^6 of Variation of the Signal Strength from 1958 uelta 2 (Sputnik 5). Nature, 185, I385-I384 (1959).

9. Adams, C. L. The DOPLOC Instrumentation System for Satellite Tracking. BRL Report No. 1125 (1961).

10. Whipple, F. L. Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory Oorrespondence with author dated 25 May 1961.

k6

^;^,^.v:i^!.:^:-:i:^^.-::^:-L:^-;;y;j:.;..i;.,1^L,;i,(^^^ ._ _

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Coova., Sao Ma8o, cISÄ^.^"^.^^: î^?-

Feb 196x7 ^put,liJt ni> ,,,ade " Klruoa Oeophyalcal Observatory,"

^ wT$Th*-£$r& %4:^ "Iteai0 E"e«1°" " «laat Satemtea,"

9' In VZiX» "Ä ^strr f ,3^"oä by tbeir mnuaaoe Colorado, Del ijeö. *' pre8ented " Joint UHSI-IBE Meeting, BouUer,

l»7

APPENDIX I

BRL-DOPLOC REPORTS

No. 1 BRL Memo Report No. 1055 - October 1958

v?>?Plpr l1**?* ^ AnteQna Orientation for a Doppier ßyßtem" by L. P. Bolgiano, Jr., CONFIDENTIAL J' "

No. 2 BRL Memo Report No. II85 - January I959 First Semi-Annual Technical Summary Report Period 1 July 1958 - 31 December I958 by L. G. deBey, V. W. Richard, A, H. Hodae R. B Pa+ton n T A^ » (BML 59-60) CONFIDENTIAL ' tt0n, ^ L- *****•'

No, 5 BRL Tech Note No. 1265 - June 1959 "Orbital Data Handling and Presentation" by R. E. A. Putnam., UNCIASSIFIED

No. 4 BRL Tech Note No. 1266 - July 1959 "An Approach to the Doppler Dark Satellite Detection Problem" by L. G. deBey., CONFIDENTIAL

No. 5 BRL Memo Report No. 1220 - July 1959 Second Semi-Annual Technical Summary Report Period 1 January - 30 June 1959 by L. G. deBey, V. W. Richard and R. B. Patton., (BML 208-59) CONFIDENTIAL

No. 6 BRL Teqh Nate N0..I278 - September 1959 "Synchronization of Tracking Antennas" by R. E. A. Putnam., UNCIASSIFIED

No. 7 BRL Memo Report No. 1237 - September I959 A Method of Solution for the Determination of Satellite Orbital Parameters from DOPLOC Measurements" vruiâj. by R. B. Patton, Jr., UNCIASSIFIED

No, 8 BRL Memo Report No. IO93 - March i960 "The Dynamic Characteristics of Phase-Lock Receivers" by Dr. Keats Pullen., UNCLASSIFIED

No. 9 "Station Geometry Studies for the DOPLOC System"' Stanford Research Institute., UNCIASSIFIED

N0' 10 "^êmêsS^^ ^^ ^"^ " ^ ^ by W. E. Scharfman, H. Rothman, H. Guthart, T, Morlta., UNCLASSIFIED

No. 11 Philco Corporation - h May i960 "Polystation Doppler System", UNCLASSIFIED

k9

BRL-DOPLOC REPORTS (cont'd)

No. 12 Space Science Laboratory, General Electric Co. - October i960 "Orbit Determination of a Non-Transmitting Satellite Using Doppler Tracking Data" by Dr. Paul B. Richards., UNCLASSIFIED

No. 13 Fined Technical Report - University of Delaware - June 15, i960 "Quantum Mechanical Analysis of Radio Frequency Radiation" by L. P. Bolgiano, Jr. and W. M. Gottschalk., UNCIASSIPIED

No. Ik Final Report F/157, Columbia University - February 11, i960 "Summary of the Preliminary Study of the Applicability of the Ordir System Techniques to the Tracking of Passive Satellites", UNCIASSIFIED

No. 15 BRL Report No. 1110 - June i960 "Precision Frequency Measurement of Noisy Doppler Signals" by W. A. Dean., UNCIASSIPIED

No. l6 Third Technical Summary Report - Period July 1959 through June JO, i960 BRL Memo Report No. 1287 by A. L. G. deBey., UNCLASSIFIED

No. 17 Columbia University Tech. Report No. T-l/157 - August 1, 1959 "The Theory of Phase Synchronization of Oscillators with Application to the DOPLOC Tracking Filter" by E. Kreindler., UNCIASSIPIED

No. 18 BRL Tech Note No. I3I+5 - August i960 "DOPLOC Receiver for Use with Circulating Memory Filter" by K. Patterson., UNCIASSIPIED

No. 19 BRL Tech Note No. 155^ - October i960 "Parametric Pre-Amplifier Results" by K. Patterson., UNCIASSIPIED

No. 20 BRL Tech Note No. I367 - December i960 "Data Generation and Handling for Scanning DOPLOC System" by Ralph E. A. Putnam

No. 21 BRL Report No. 1125 - January 1961 "The DOPLOC Instrumentation System for Satellite Tracking" by C. L. Adams., UNCIASSIPIED

No. 22 BRL Memo Report No. I55O - March 1961 "DOPING Observations of Reflection Cross Sections of Satellites" by H, T. Lootens., UNCIASSIPIED

No. 23 BRL Memo Report No. 1362 - August I96I "Satellite-Induced lonlzatlon Observed With the DOPLOC System" by H. T. Lootens., UNCIASSIPIED

50

■. . , ■ ■ ■ . ; . ■ V:- . ■ '. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ •■■.■■■■■■■

BRL-DOPLOC BEPORTS (cont'd)

In Preparation

No. 2k "DOPLOC Comb yliter" by R. Vltek

No. 25 "Final Summary Report on the BRL-DOPLOC Project" by Dr. A. H. Hodge

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DISTRIBUTION LIST

No. of Copies

10

10

Organization

Chief of Ordnance ATTN: ORDTB - Bal Sec Department of the Army Washington 25, D. C.

Commanding Officer Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratories ATTN: Technical Information Office

Branch 012 Washington 25, D. C.

Commander Armed Services Technical

Information Agency ATTN: TIPCR Arlington Hall Station Arlington 12, Virginia

Commander Air Force Systems Command ATTN: SCTS Andrews Air Force Base Washington 25, D. C.

Commander Electronic Systems Division L. Q. Hanacom Field Bedford Massachusetts

Comraander Air Proving Ground Center ATTN: PGAPI Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

Army Research Office Arlington Hall Station ATTN: Mrs. F. Whedon Arlington, Virginia

No. of Copies Organization

Commanding Officer U. S. Army Communications Agency The Pentagon Washington 25, D. C.

Commanding General White Sands Annex - BRL White Sands Missile Range New Mexico

Commanding General Army Ballistic Missile Agency ATTN: Dr. C. A. Lundqulst

Dr. F. A. Speer Redstone Arsenal, Alabama

Director Advanced Research Projects Agency Department of Defense Washington 25, D. C.

Director National Aeronautics & Space Administration

1520 H Street, N.W. Washington 25, D. C.

Chief of Staff, U. S. Army Research and Development Division Director/Special Weapons-Missile and Space Division

Washington 25, D. 0.

Office Chief Signal Officer Department of the Army Research and Development Division Washington 25, D. C.

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Satellite induced ionization observed with the doploc system

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