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The Microwave Vision CompanySatimo

2004 CDMA Americas Congress 10th Annual CDMA Test Forum

Performance Testing of Wireless Devices Using Efficient Probe Array Technologies

Per Iversen*, Per NorenSATIMO USA, Kennesaw, GA

Satimo SAThe Microwave Vision Company




1. Introduction to Satimo’sMeasurement Systems




AN INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE

USAAtlanta, GA

FRANCE ParisHeadquarters

ITALYRome

CHINAHong-Kong




MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Vehicle Antenna Test System

StarLab

Stargate 64

StarLine MSGPR

Stargate 32

Non Destructive Testing

Stargate 128




STARGATE FAMILY

STARGATE 64 STARGATE 24 STARLAB

Wireless Devices and Antenna

R&D

CTIA Certification and Type Approval

Labs and Production

63 Probes5° elevation spacing1.6m range distanceFit to persons

24 Probes15° elevation spacing1.2m range distance

15 Probes22.5° el. spacing0.45m range distance

STARGATE 3231 Probes10° elevation spacing0.8m range distance

Wireless Devices and Antenna

R&D




2-D(azimuth)

3-D(roll/azimuth)

3-D(gantry arm or array)

Low Gain Antennas Good Poor ExcellentUser Measurements Yes/Poor No YesPhantom Head Measurements Yes/Poor Possible EasyAntenna Efficiency / TRP No Yes YesMultiprobe Compatible No No Yes

• Antennas are tested by measuring the coupling between the Device Under Test and a Probe Antenna

• One can rotate the DUT or move the probe to map the coupling versus angle

Probe Probe

DUT DUT

Antenna Testing Geometries for Low Gain Antennas




• Provides extremely fast 3D measurements

• Displays dual polarized elevation cuts in real-time

• Provides accurate measurements for both low-gain and high-gain antennas

• Calculates antenna efficiency

• Fixed mechanical setup ensures repeatable performance

• No blocking of back lobe radiation

STARGATE KEY FEATURES




STARGATE 3-D MEASUREMENTACQUISITION SEQUENCE

Elevation Scanned Electronically

via Probe Array

Probe 1Probe N

Azimuth Scanned Mechanicallyvia Turntable

From 0 deg to 180 deg




OVER THE AIR MEAUREMENT OF MOBILE PHONES

Probe Array Controller

Probe Array

Probe ArrayDriver

Active MeasurementsTest Unit

Data Acquisition& Processing PC

Ethernet Link

RX pathTX pathMobile

Under Test

Probe Array

IEEE-488

MobileUnder Test

• No cables attached to mobile phone

• Measures TRP, EIRP patterns,TIS and other communication parameters




Tx Radiation Pattern Comparison

PCS Antenna Extended PCS Antenna Retracted




2. Measurement Accuracy




Measurement Accuracy

OTA Uncertainty Budgets can be evaluated following guidelines of “CTIA Test Plan for Mobile Terminal Over The Air Measurements”

The main uncertainty contributors are the chamber reflectivity, calibration accuracy of gain reference, and absolute accuracy of power measurement deviceDepending on test configuration, the absolute TRP measurement uncertainty for Stargate64 system is better than 1-1.5dB @ 95% Confidence Level




Quiet Zone Performance

Quiet Zone Ripple Test - Stargate 64

1

1.25

1.5

1.75

2

2.25

2.5

2.75

3

3.25

3.5

3.75

4

4.25

4.5

4.75

5

0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360

Azimuth [Degrees]

dB

1900 MHz1950 MHzPoly. (1900 MHz)Poly. (1950 MHz)

Ripple < +/- 0.3 dB




TRP Measurement Repeatability in PCS-CDMA

TRP = 22.26 dBm

TRP = 22.12 dBm

TRP = 22.27 dBm

TRP = 22.16 dBmOffset15 cm

Horizontal

Vertical

On Side




TRP Measurement Repeatability in PCS CDMA

Horizontal

Vertical




TRP Measurement with Phantom Head PCS-CDMA

TRP = 18.33 dBm

TRP = 18.31 dBm

Phantom Centered

Phone Centered




3. EXAMPLE CDMA MOBILETRP MEASUREMENTS




Sample Phone Measurements

A batch of 12 CDMA commercially available mobile phones by various manufacturers were tested in August 2004.The phones were tested within a couple of days with identical setup and calibration standard.The phones were tested in free space and in all their test configurations. (Flip Phones in Open/Closed Position, Antennas in Extended/Retracted Position)




Mobile Phone TRP

Free Space Total Radiated Power, 12 Phones, CDMA PCS BandAll possible phone/antenna configurations

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

PCS Channel

TRP

[dB

m]




Mobile Phone Antenna Efficiency

Free Space Antenna Efficiency, 12 Phones, CDMA PCS BandAll possible phone/antenna configurations

Antenna Efficiency: Difference between TRP and Conducted Power Measurement

-12.00

-10.00

-8.00

-6.00

-4.00

-2.00

0.00

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

PCS Channel

Ant

enna

Effi

cien

cy [d

B]




Mobile Phone Antenna Efficiency (2)

Free Space Antenna Efficiency, 12 Phones, CDMA PCS BandOptimum Phone/Antenna Configuration

-8.00

-7.00

-6.00

-5.00

-4.00

-3.00

-2.00

-1.00

0.00

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

PCS Channel

Ant

enna

Effi

cien

cy [d

B]




4. EXAMPLE CDMA TERMINAL TRP MEASUREMENTS




TRP Measurements of CDMA Data Terminals

Many small companies are developing hardware used to transmit various types of data over the existing CDMA networks (credit card readers, utility meter readers, medical monitoring equipment, etc)

These devices typically include standard CDMA modems including standard antenna that are integrated in non-traditional packages.

The following slides shows a couple of example tests on such devices:




Terminal TRP

Free Space Total Radiated Power Fixed Terminals, CDMA PCS Band

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

24.00

26.00

28.00

30.00

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

PCS Channel

TRP

[dB

m]




Terminal Antenna Efficiency

Free Space Antenna Efficiency Fixed Terminals, CDMA PCS Band

-14.0

-12.0

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

PCS Channel

Ant

enna

Effi

cien

cy [d

B]




Observations/Conclusions

OBSERVATIONS:

Mobile Phone TRP and Antenna Efficiency varies drastically between individual models (> 8dB variation among 12 phones)Fixed telematics/data terminals have even larger performance variations than phones.

CONCLUSIONS:

Accurate full sphere OTA Measurements are absolutely necessary to predict phone performancesOTA Measurements can be accurately performed in probe array systems

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