of 29
SATUAN ( UNIT)
SURFACE FACILITIES
1 L (liter) = 1000 cm3 1 m3 = 1000 L (liter)
1 in3 = 16.387 cm3 1 U.S gal = 4 qt
1 ft3 = 28.317 L (liter ) 1 U.S gal = 3.7854 L (liter)
1 ft3 = 0.028317 m3 1 U.S gal = 3785.4 cm3
1 ft3 = 7.481 U.S gal 1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S gal
1 m3 = 264.17 U.S gal
UNITS VOLUME
Volume & Density
Commonly used in Europe
Volume
Mass Density
stock tankat gravity specific : 131.5 - 141.5
API oo
o
oAPI of water = 10 oAPI of Heavy oil 20 oAPI of Extra heavy Oil 10
1 g mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.4140 liters = 22 414 cm3
1 lb mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 359.05 ft3
1 kg mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.414 m3
Density of dry air at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 1.2929 g/liter = 0.080711
lbm/ft3
Molecular weight of air = 28.97 lbm/ lb mol
1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm / ft3 = 1000 kg / m3 = 350 lbm / bbl
1 g / cm3 = 8.345 lbm / U.S . gal
1 lbm / ft3 = 16.0185 kg / m3
Volume & Density
Commonly used in Europe
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (1)
Customary Units Metric Units
Mscf , cuft (ft3) Std m3 (Sm3 ) , m3
ft2 m2
Lbm/cuft Kg/m3
Btu/lbm-oF kJ/kg.K
Btu/lbm kJ/kg
ft m
Length -Basic
-Secondary
Meter (m)
cm , km
foot (ft)
inch (in) , mile
Area -Basic
-Secondary
m2
cm2 , hectares (ha)
ft2
in2 , acres
Volume -Basic
-Secondary
m3
cm3 , liters (L)
ft3
US gallons (US gal),
in3, UK gas, bbl
Mass -Basic
-Secondary
kg, kmol
grams (g)
pounds (lb), lb-moles
Lb/US gal , lb/UK gal
Density -Basic
-Secondary
kg/m3
g/cm3
Lb/ft3
Time -Basic
-Secondary
second (s)
min (m), day (d),
year (a)
Second (sec)
Min, day, yr
Metric English
BASIC DIMENSION
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (2)
Customary Units Metric Units
Btu/ft2-D-oF kJ/m2.d.K
Mscf/D Std m3/d
B/D m3/d
lbm kg
Lbm/cuft Kg/m3
psi kPa
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (3)
Customary Units Metric Units
Btu (British Thermal Unit) kJ
Btu/D kJ/d ; W
kW kW
oF oC
oR K
Ft/D m/d
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (4)
Customary Units Metric Units
scf Std m3
mile/hr Km/h
ft2/D m2/d
cp Pa.s
cSt m/s2
dyne/cm mN/m
Length
Length 1 in = 2.540 cm 100 cm = 1 m (meter) 1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 m (micrometer) 1 A (angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 m 1 mile = 5280 ft 1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
CONVERSION UNIT length
1 in = 2.540 cm
1 m (meter) = 100 cm
1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 m
1 A (angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 m
1 mile = 5280 ft = 1.61 km
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
1 ft = 0.305 m = 12 in = 30.5 cm
CONVERSION UNIT Volume
1 m3 = 35.32 ft2 = 6.29 bbl = 1000 L
1 L = 0.001 m3 = 1000 cm3 = 0.035 ft3
1 bbl (API) = 0.159 m3 = 159 L = 5.61 ft3
1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3 = 28.3 L
CONVERSION UNIT Density
1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm/cuft = 1000 kg/m3
1 g/cm3 = 8.345 lbm/USgal
1 g/cm3 = 350 lbm/bbl
1 lbm/cuft = 16.0185 kg/m3
CONVERSION UNIT Pressure
1 bar = 14.50 psi = 0.987 atm = 1.02 kg/cm2
1 bar = 100 000 N/m2 = 100 kPa
1 psi = 6.86 kPa
Unit Pressure
1 bar = 1 x 105 Pa (pascal) = 1 x 105 N/m2 1 psia = 1 lbf / in
2 1 psia = 2.0360 in Hg at 0oC 1 psia = 2.311 ft H2 O at 70
o F 1 psia = 51.715 mmHg at 0 oC (Hg = 13.5955 g / cm
3 ) 1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325 x 105 N / m2 = 1.01325 bar 1 atm = 760 mm Hg at 0 oC = 1.01325 x 105 Pa 1 atm = 29.921 in Hg at 0 oC 1 atm = 33.90 ft H2 O at 4
oC 1 psia = 6.89476 x 104 g / cm . s2
CONVERSION UNIT Mass
1 lbm = 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg
1 lbm = 16 oz = 7000 grains
1 grain = 64.79891 mg
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lbm
1 ton (short) = 2000 lbm
1 ton(long) = 2240 lbm
1 ton(metric) = 1000 kg
Viscosity
1 cp = 10-2 g / cm. s (poise)
1 cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. H
1 cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm /ft. s
1 cp = 10-3 Pa.s = 10-3 kg / m. s = 10-3 N. s / m2
1 cp = 2.0886 x 10-5 lbf . s / ft2
1 Pa.s = 1 N. s / m2 = 1 kg / m. s = 1000 cp
Viscosity
1 cp = 10-2 g / cm. s (poise)
1 cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. h
1 cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm /ft. s
Unit Power
1 hp = 0.74570 kw
1 hp = 550 ft . Lbf / s
1 hp = 0.7068 btu / s
1 watt (W) = 14.340 cal /min
1 btu / h = 0.29307 W (watt)
1 J / s (joule/s) = 1 W
Unit, Standard
ft , lb, s, lbf :
Length = ft
Area = ft2
Viscosity = lbm /ft. s
Pressure = lbf / ft2
Time = s
Flow rate = ft3 / s
s / ft
)ft(A
)s/ft ( Q
(luas)A
(rate) Q ) v ( Velocity
2
3
Work (W) = Q ( P1 - P2 )
= Q (P)
= Q (ft3/s) x P (lbf / ft2)
= ft.lbf/s x (hp /550 ft.lbf/s)
Work (hp) = (1/550) Q (P)
P = pressure loss (lbf/ft2)
Q = oil flow rate (ft3/s)
1 hp = 550 ft . Lbf / s
Unit Heat, Energy and Work
1 J = 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2 / s2
1 btu = 1055.06 J = 1.05506 kJ
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp.h = 0.7457 kW.h
1 hp.h = 2544.5 btu
1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h
1 ft.lbf = 1.35582 J
kW.h = 0.060 US$
= 600 Rupiah
Assumption 1 US$ = Rp 10.000
OIL FLOW IN PIPES
W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (P)
P = pressure loss (psi)
Q = oil flow rate (bbl/D)
P1 P2
Q
PIPE
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
What is power required to
flow (Horse Power) oil in
pipes above.
Flow Rate
Pressure
GAS FLOW IN PIPES
W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (P)
P = pressure loss (psi)
Q = Gas flow rate (MMSCF/D)
P1 P2
Q
PIPE
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h
Cuft/D
BTU/D $/D
hp P P
Hp ~ Q x P
( P )
GAS FLOW IN PIPES
W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (P)
P1 P2
Q
PIPE
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
)/ft(lb p /s)q(ft 550 W(hp)
hp/550 s / ft.lb ft
lb p
s
ft q W
2f
3
f2f
3
START WITH BASIC UNITS
Gas Flow in Pipes
Scf
ft
V
V B
3
Standard
cond pipe
g
Q = Gas flow rate, MMSCF/D
D = Inside Pipe diameter, in
P1 P2
Qg
PIPE
Pipe
conditions
P and T
Cuft = ft3
Standard
Conditions
14.7 psi &
60 oF
SCF
Given :
What is gas velocity in pipes
? ( ft/s)
: Bg
bbl/scf) (res p
T z 0.00502 B
(cuft/scf) p
T z 0.0282 B
g
g
P Q B 1667 P 144 Q B 86400
10
550
1 HP
P(psi) 144 ft
in 144 x
in
lbP
ft
lbp
Q B 86400
10
scf
cuftB x
MMscf
scf 10 x
s 86400
D x
D
MMscfQ
s
ftq
550/)/ft(lb p /s)q(ft W(hp)
550/)/ft.lb hp/(550 s / ft.lb ft
lb p
s
ft q W
gggg
6
2
2
2
f
2
f
gg
6
g
6
g
3
2
f
3
ff2
f
3
hpsx
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
Gas velocity in pipes
(Assignment # 1, 11 - 9 2013)
P1 P2
Q
Q = Gas flow rate = 60 MMscf/D
D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)
PIPE
A D Q
A
Q V
g
g
Q = Gas flow rate = 60 MMscf/D
D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)
A D Q
A
Q V
g
g
If pressure and temperature in the pipe are equal to 600 psia and
120 F, respectively, and SG gas = 0.6. Determine velocity of gas
in the pipe ( ft/sec )
1) Derives equation no (1) below :
d
Q 20 N 1)
gg
Re
d ( in ) inside pipe diameter , (cp) , o (lbm/cuft) , v (velocity) , f (friction factor, dimensionless) , Hp (horse power) , Qg (Mscf / D)
P ( psi) , v = q / A ( q = flow rate), Nre = Reynold Number.
Assignment #1, 11-09-2012
Due 11 09 - 2013
P QConstant Hp )2 g
2) Find constant of equation no 2 below :