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Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)
• Actions: Diuretic, urinary antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, endocrine agent
• Medicinal Uses: treat mild to moderate BPH, inflammation of respiratory and genitourinary tract
• Side effects: none-low
• Doses:160 mg (2xd std lipophylic ext) or 2-4 ml tincture
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity• It contains sterols, flavonoids, water-soluble
polysacharides and fatty oil.• Antiandrogenic, antiestrogenic and anti-inflammatory
actions• The oily fraction inhibits in vitro testosterone 5a-
reductase activity, an enzyme in male hormone metabolism. 5 a-reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. The overproduction of dihydrotestosterone is responsible for prostate enlargement.
• No toxic or health hazard, occasional stomach complaints
Herb –Drug Interaction
• This herb may decrease the therapeutic effects of oral and patch contraceptives, such as estrogen/progestin [Ortho-Novum ] and estradiol/norethindrone [CombiPatch ], and other hormone-replacement therapies.
Uva-ursi
• Actions: Astringent, antibacterial, mild diuretic, urinary antiseptic.
• Medicinal Uses: urinary tract infections including cystitis, nephritis, urethritis, yeast infection early stage of genital herpes
• Side effects:low-medium
• Doses: 1 tsp in 0.5 L water boiled for 15 min. 1-4 ml tincture in a glass of water.
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• Leaves contain: hydroquinone derivatives; arbutin, methylarbutin, ericolin, ursone, gallic acid ellagic acid, tannin (5-7%)
• Arbutin is hydrolyzed to hydroquinone which acts as a mild astringent and antimicrobial in alkaline urine.
• Ursolic acid is contributing to the diuretic effect.
• Adverse reactions: seizures, tinnitus, nausea, irritation of the bladder and UT mucous membrane, hepatotoxicity.
Herb –Drug Interaction
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and
Corticosteroids: Arbutin increases the inhibitory action of prednisolone and dexamethazone on contact dermatitis, allergic-type hypersensitivity and arthritis.
• Diuretics: enhanced effects
Black Cohosh
• Action: Antispasmodic, regulates menses, astringent, diuretic, cough suppressant, and diaphoretic. Astringent and sedative.
• Medicinal uses: Delayed painful menstruation and ovarian cramps.
Menopausal symptoms
Rheumatic pains, muscular and neurological pain.
• Side effects: low
• Dose:20-80mg std ext. (2xd)
250-550 mg freeze dried root
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• Steroidal terpenes, cimigoside, acteina, isoflavone, formononetine
• Vascular and estrogen-like action, suppress LH,(?)
• Contraindicated during pregnancy (uterine contraction)
Herb –Drug Interaction
• Anesthetics, antihypertensive, sedatives: may increase hypotensive effect
• Estrogens, hormonal contraceptives: may increase effects.
• Possible interaction with tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Vitex
• Actions: prolactin inhibitor, dopamine antagonist , exert progesteronic effect in women and anti-androgenic in men
• Medicinal Uses: PMS, menstrual irregularities, menopausal symptoms and fibroids, increase lactation, impotence, BPH
• Side effects: none-low
• Doses: 150-330 std ext
(0.5% agnuside) (2xd)
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• Iridoid glucosides: agnuside, aucubin luteolin like flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloid vitricine.
• Antiandrogenic, anti-inflammatory, progesteronic effect
• Female endocrine, reproductive disorders and hormonal imbalance, ovarian insufficiency inadequate lactation, PMS
• Headache, increased menstrual flow
Drug-herb Interaction
• Antihypertensive (antagonistic effect)
• Beta-blockers: possible risk of hypertensive crisis
Dong Quai
• Actions:adaptogenic, restores menstrual regularity, reduces PMS, prevents anemia, digestive bitter
• Medicinal uses: Female hormonal balance, high iron content (anemia treatment), promotes circulation and bile secretion.
• Side effects: low
• Dose: 125-500 mg std ext(eve)
tincture 1-2 teaspoon
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• At least six coumarin derivatives (anticoagulant, vasodilating, antispasmodic activity)
• N-buthylphtalide, nicotinic acid, safrole,
• Vitamins; A, E, B12
• Weak estrogen-agonist activity, treats blood deficiency, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, irregular menstruation.
• High dose cytotoxic, bleeding tendency ,first trimester abortive) don’t use in acute virus infection
Evening Primrose
• Actions: Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, corrects omega-6 deficiency, hypotensive
• Medicinal Uses: PMS, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, CFS, ulcerative colitis, IBS, hypertension, mastalgia
• Side effects: low
• Doses:250-500 mg/ day
600mg arthritis, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• PUFA, gamma linoleic acid
• Anti-inflammatory, intestinal Ca absorption,
• Hypotensive, inhibit gastric mucosal damage
• Headache, mild nausea, arachidonic acid build up